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Pacific Theater of the Cold War 1949 — China Chair: Luyi Peng JHUMUNC 2018

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Pacific Theater of the Cold War 1949 — China Chair: Luyi Peng JHUMUNC 2018 Quadrumvirate: Pacific Theater of the Cold War 1949 — China Chair: Luyi Peng JHUMUNC 2018 Quadrumvirate: Pacific Theater of the Cold War- China Topic A: Defeating the Nationalists and Consolidating a New Communist Government Topic B: Establishing China’s Place as a Regional Power Committee Overview four tools listed in order to promptly implement solutions. It is extremely important to remember It is June 1949, and the withdrawal of the that each and every delegate represents a Japanese after World War II has left the fate of character, or historical individual, rather than a China in the balance. The Chinese Communist specific country. Every directive, communiqué, Party under Mao Zedong has evolved from press release, and portfolio request must disorganized guerrilla militias into an organized accurately reflect the viewpoints of the character. fighting force capable of turning the tide against Chiang Kai-shek’s Nationalist Party. The Communist Party must now make the final push Quadrumvirate to gain control of a unified China and defeat the Organization rival Nationalists once and for all. However, even as the end is in sight for a decades-long civil war, China, Japan, South Korea, and USSR will new powers are rising in the region under an even be functioning as a group of four committees, with more precarious conflict: the Cold War. Will interconnected crisis elements, in which all China become one of these new powers, and will debate in the individual committee rooms will it do so with the help of potential Communist impact the other three committees. While there allies in the USSR? Or, as Korea threatens to split are specific concerns that affect each room in half permanently and the Japanese begin to individually and with which delegates must rebuild with the help of the Americans, will the concern themselves, just as important is the new China crack under the pressure of facing too international politicking and debate behind the many rivals at once? Only you, the delegates, will closed doors of the other three committee rooms. decide the fate of China in the Pacific Cold War. Every decision made by each of these Quad committees will impact the other three, making for a multifaceted crisis elements and discussion, Parliamentary Procedure as well as the potential for multilateral agreement and conflict. Standard MUN parliamentary procedure will be adhered to in this committee, but may be altered at the discretion of the chair to reflect the Delegate Biographies current state of the crisis. Delegates in this Zhou Enlai committee have certain abilities and powers that Zhou Enlai became a Communist in 1920s can greatly affect debate, and subsequently, the when he was studying in France, where he became course of events. This committee will be following an organizer for the CCP abroad after its founding procedures similar to that of the General Assemblies, which includes maintaining a speaker’s list and having moderated and unmoderated caucuses. However, there will be a variety of crises that will require the use of directives, communiqués, press releases, and portfolio requests. The committee may use the 1 in 1921.1 During the Long March, he rose as a representation purposes. He was a member of the prominent figure in the CCP, and his loyalty to the Politburo as well as an Secretariat in 1949.6 CCP and Mao was unquestioned. Having organized the Nanchang Uprising in 1927 and Peng DeHuai briefly served as the director of the Central Peng Dehuai became a soldier when he Committee’s military department, Zhou has was seventeen in 1915 and joined the CCP army in military experience. However, his real area of 1928. He is a skilled military leader, having once expertise lies in politics. After the Long March, served under a local warlord and then Chiang Kai- Zhou became the party’s chief negotiator. In face Shek, whom he broke off relations with after the of the Japanese invasion, Zhou practiced generalissimo’s purge of leftists in 1927 from the restraint. When Chiang kai-Shek was captured by KMT.7 Shortly after his split, he began fighting for his dissident commanders, who wanted to the Communists and organizing numerous execute the KMT leader to stop the civil war, Zhou peasant uprisings against the status quo. He later convinced them otherwise. Instead, he negotiated became a senior military commander under Mao. for Nationalist support in fighting the Japanese, When CCP became the dominating party, he and Zhou was vital to the formation of the United became a member of the Politburo in May 1945. Front.2 When the People’s Republic of China was Peng had always been a straightforward, decisive, founded, he was among the twelve members of and coarse military man. He was known for the Politburo, the actual center of power that resisting multiple Mao’s orders and fighting issued order.3 He has his sights set on becoming successful wars under adversity. In broad premier of China. strategic planning, he inclined towards frontal and unexpected attacks regardless opponents’ Liu Shaoqi strength. 8 Liu Shaoqi joined the CCP when he was trained in Moscow in 1921. He was actively Gao Gang involved in underground activities and labour Gao Gang was among the founder of the organizations in early CCP years.4 Liu too is an Shaanxi revolutionary base and a leader of the experienced politician and governor. He has held Northeast region.9 Gao joined the CCP in 1926 multiple important positions in the party, and over the next decade became an integral part including Politburo of the Sixth Central of the Communist guerilla forces in Shaanxi. He Committee member (1934), secretary of the is known for aiding the establishment of a Central Secretariat and vice-chairman of the guerrilla base along the Shaanxi-Gansu provincial People’s Revolutionary Military Council (1943), border.10 He was a member of the Politburo, and acting chairman in place of Mao during peace Chairman of the State Planning Commission, the talks with the Nationalists (1945). Liu is military leader and the political commissar of the renowned for his talent as an orator and heavily industrialized Northeast Military Region theoretician. His most famous works include in late 1940s.11 His leadership position also “How to be a Good Communist” (1939), “On brought him into a negotiation with the Soviet Intraparty Struggle” (1941), and “On the Party” (1945).5 He is considered the party’s top theoretician and spokesman for party affairs. His skill may prove useful for propaganda and media 1Wang, Yi Chu. “Sun Yat-Sen.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 13 Oct. 2009, Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 28 Apr. www.britannica.com/biography/Peng-Dehuai. 2017, www.britannica.com/biography/Sun-Yat-sen. 8 Domes, Jürgen. Peng Te-huai : the Man and the 2 Ibid Image. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 3 Dietrich, Craig. People's China: A Brief History. 1st 1985, p.5-14. ed. New York: Oxford UP, 1986. Print. 58 9 Teiwes, Frederick C. Politics At Mao's Court : Gao 4 Moise, p81. Gang and Party Factionalism In the Early 1950s. 5North, Robert C. “Liu Shaoqi.” Encyclopædia Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 1990, p.35-40. Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 18 July 10The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. “Gao 2016, www.britannica.com/biography/Liu-Shaoqi. Gang.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia 6 Vohra, p187. Britannica, Inc., 26 Feb. 2016, 7The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. “Peng www.britannica.com/biography/Gao-Gang. 11 Dehuai.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Yao, p.215. 2 because of their occupation of Manchuria.12 Gao 1928. After he returned to China in 1930, he was named one of the six chairmen of the State served as Director of the Propaganda Department Council. of the CPC, Secretary General of the Committee of Newspapers of the Central Committee of the Kavalam Madhava Panikkar Party, and Editor in Chief of CPC’s Newspaper (representing Jawaharlal Nehru) “Red Flag” and Truth. In 1934, he was elected Kavalam Madhava Panikkar was the first member of the CPC Central Committee, and Indian Ambassador in China during Chiang Kai alternative members of the Politburo of CPC. He Shek’s time in 1940s and the first Indian then participated in the Long March and served Ambassador to the PRC.13 His represented India important positions in the Political Department.17 under Jawaharlal Nehru, who held a certain level He is also a skillful negotiator, and his experience of muted admiration for the revolutionary China in politics qualifies him for many roles, one of as it prioritized the need of peasants.14 He is which he is interested in is ambassador and important as a liaison not only between the CPC diplomat. and the Indian government, whose recognition of Communist rule of China would aid in Zhu De legitimizing the CPC, but also western countries Zhu De is one of China’s greatest military such as the U.S. and Great Britain, which are leaders and the founder of the Communist army. unlikely to come to the negotiating tables by CPC In 1926, he became an officer in the KMT army, request alone. hiding his Communist ideals and affiliations. He participated in the 1927 Nanchang Uprising, an Deng Hua event which marked the birth of the Red Army. Deng Hua joined the CPC in 1927. Having After the uprising was crushed by the KMT, Zhu participated in the Long March, he is considered and his troops fled south, where they joined forces an experienced veteran of the party. During the with Mao and his troops. Together, the two Civil War, he formed the Eastern Task Group and leaders established the Chinese Soviet Republic, had outstanding performance in fighting the KMT which Zhu helped defend with his growing Red in major battles like Pingjin Campaign and taking Army.18 During this time, the two were close, to over Hainan Island.15 Thus, he is well-respected the point where commoners would refer to them for his military genius.
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