Kino Book Guide: Chronology and Maps "Padre Kino and the Trail to the Pacific" Eusebio Francisco Kino, S.J (1645 - 1711) Chapter, page and map references to the Kino Book are underlined. General maps are without page references. 10 Aug. 1645 Jesuit missionary Padre Eusebio Francisco Kino. S.J. (1645 - 1711) is born Eusebio Chini, the only son of Francesco and Margherita Chini, in the village of Segno. Segno is located in the foothills of the southern Alps and 15 miles north of the historic city of Trent in present day Italy. 24 Oct. 1648 The Thirty Years War in Europe ends. 20 Nov. 1665 Joins the Jesuit order as a novice and for the next 12 years prepares for the priesthood. Kino studies and teaches mathematics, astronomy and other natural sciences at the universities of Landsberg, Freiburg, Ingolstadt and Hall am Inn in present day Germany and Austria. Before joining the Jesuits, Kino suffers from an illness that brings him close to death. He vows he will become a missionary if his patron saint, Francis Xavier, intercedes by sparing his life. St. Francis Xavier (1506–1552) was a co-founder of the Jesuits and was its pioneering missionary to Asia. He ministered for 10 years in India and then worked in the East Indies and Japan and died as he was traveling to China. He was canonized as a saint in 1622. 11 Jun. 1677 Ordained a Roman Catholic priest in Ottingen (Altottingen) in present day Germany. Kino continues his pastoral ministry and teaching. May 1678 to Jan. 1681 After 8 years of petitioning his Jesuit superiors, Kino is granted permission to become a missionary. Kino sails to Southern Spain with 18 other Jesuit missionaries. Waits two years for passage across the Atlantic to Mexico. In Seville and Cádiz Kino works as a parish priest and teaches mathematics and natural sciences at nearby universities. Further supports himself by making astronomical and nautical instruments. 10 Aug. 1680 Beginning of the Pueblo Revolt. Allied Native peoples expel Spanish settlers from their 80 year old colony in New Mexico. Colony reestablished 14 years later by military force. Jun. 1681 Arrives in Mexico City and writes one of the first astronomical treatises published in the New World on a large comet visible worldwide. Kino precisely maps the 7 month course of the comet, 28 Oct. 1682 Appointed royal cartographer, surveyor and missionary to the Atondo Expedition - a venture by the Spanish King to colonize Baja California. Last major settlement efforts were privately funded by conquistadors Herán Cortez and Francisco Coronado in mid 1500s. Kino Book Guide: Chronology and Maps Page 1 4 Apr. 1683 Atondo Expedition sails across the Gulf of California and establishes a settlement on the coast of La Paz Bay but abandons it after three months and sails back to the Mexican mainland. Table of Contents Cast of Characters Map 0.1 Area - Present (political & geographic map of present Arizona, Baja California & Sonora) Map 0.2 Area - Satellite (view of above map - Pinacate volcanics east of Colorado River delta) Chapter 1 - California Mission (1685) Map 1.1 Mexico Travels 1680 - 1711 (general map of Kino's travels in Mexico) Map 1.2 Gulf Travels 1683 - 85 (not shown: Kino-Guzman 1685 exploration of Tiburon & Baja coast) Map 1.3 Area - Baja Orientation 1683 - 1685 (shows location of next detail map below) 6 Oct. 1683 Atondo Expedition returns to Baja California and establishes a settlement at San Bruno on Gulf coast (near present day Loreto) where Kino ministers to Native people, builds his first mission and explores. Pages 1 - 27 Page 17: Map 1.4 Across Baja - Detail 1685 (shows detail of San Bruno area and Baja crossing route) Page 17: Map 1.5 Kino 'Descripcion Golfo' 1685 Page 21: Map 1.6 Kino 'Delineatio Nova' 1686 Page 27: Map 2.1 Europe 1645 - 78 (important places in Kino's life before he becomes a missionary) 15 Aug. 1684 Takes final Jesuit vow at San Bruno at age 39. Jan. 1685 Makes overland crossing of Baja California to Pacific Ocean with members of the Atondo Expedition - first Europeans to make overland journey. Kino sees blue abalone shells along the Pacific coast. 8 May 1685 Atondo Expedition stricken by scurvy and lack of supplies abandons Baja California and sails back to Mexico mainland. Chapter 2 - Indians Shall Not Be Slaves! (1685) Jun. to Aug. 1685 Kino and Captain Guzman sail northward in Gulf of California exploring for new mission sites along the Baja coast. Their ship is anchored for six weeks near Tiburon Island waiting for favorable winds to continue sailing. During the six weeks Kino visits and ministers to the Seri people. Jan 1986 Returns to Mexico City and advocates for new expedition to Baja California to continue his missionary activities. Spanish officials in Mexico City support Kino's plan. Kino Book Guide: Chronology and Maps Page 2 19 Jun. 1686 Learns that Spanish King will not support new expedition to Baja California. Funds in Mexico must be sent to Spain to pay for accidental sinking of French ship. Kino assigned as missionary to Seri people. Pages 28 - 29 16 Dec. 1986 Appears before the high court of Royal Audiencia in Guadalajara requesting that judges suspend for 5 years the system of repartimiento where Native people are forced to work in Spanish silver mines and ranches. Learns during the hearing that the judges recently received a decree from the Spanish King suspending the system of repartimiento for 20 years. Pages 31 - 33 13 Mar. 1687 Assigned as missionary to the Pima people and establishes his mission headquarters at Dolores. Next day from Dolores Kino begins his regular 70 mile circuit to villages at San Ignacio, Imuris, Remedios. Later in the month Kino travels with 100 Pimas to Tuape to celebrate Easter with Spanish settlers. Map 3.1 Pimería Travels 1687 - 1711 (most complete map of Kino's travels in the Pimería Alta) Map 3.2 Pimería Missions (map of missions, visitas, villages and significant geographic features) Kino introduces horses, cattle and other herd animals and winter wheat and other European cultivars to the Native people that he encounters during his 24 years in the Pimería Alta (present day Northern Sonora and Southern Arizona.) The Jesuit missionary effort in Sonora and Arizona is one of its most successful in the New World despite its close proximity to Spanish settlements in northeastern Sonora. Pages 34 - 37 Page 38: Map 2.2 Area - Pimería Alta (location map of the Pimería Alta) Chapter 3 - Among the Pimas (1687) 2 May 1687 Travels over 40 miles from Dolores with Pima leaders to the Spanish mining center of Bacanuche to have government officials formally acknowledged to settlers the enforcement of the Spanish King's order prohibiting the system of repartimiento. Page 43 25 Jul. 1688 At Native village of Mototicachi, 100 miles northeast of Dolores, a Spanish officer orders the killing of all the 50 adult males and imprisons all women and children of the village as slaves. Officer acts on unjustified rumors that village leaders were part of a conspiracy by the Native peoples throughout Northern Mexico to revolt against the Spanish. The officer is sentenced to death but escapes. Although outside his area of responsibility, Kino seeks justice for the wronged Native people of Mototicachi. Page 40 - 42 2 Apr. 1690 Jesuit missionaries are expelled from their missions in the Sierra Madre mountains during the 2 year Tarahumara Revolt. Two missionaries are killed. The revolt occurs 150 miles southeast of the Dolores. Page 46 1691 Draws his map "Teatro de los Trabajos." Kino Book Guide: Chronology and Maps Page 3 Jan. 1691 First visit to present day Arizona. After an invitation by Sobaípuris (Santa Cruz and San Pedro River Pimas), Kino and Father Salvatierra travel to the village of Tumacácori near present day Tumacácori National Historic Park. Kino is invited by leaders of Bac to visit their village south of Tucson. Pages 46 - 50 Page 47: Map 3.3 Tumacácori 1691 (first trip into present day Arizona) 18 Jul 1691 The Flying Company ("Compañía Volante") established with 30 soldiers as a roving Spanish military unit instead of a unit stationed at a presidio. The Flying Company responds to increasing attacks on the Spanish settlers of Sonora by the Apaches and their Native allies (Suma, Jocome and Janos tribes). 23 Aug. 1692 First Northern Exploration. Visits village of Bac and names the Bac visita (mission station) after his patron saint, Francis Xavier. Kino returns to Dolores by traveling across the desert to present day Benson and continuing south up the San Pedro River. The Northern Explorations along the Santa Cruz and San Pedro Rivers to their junctions with the Gila River occur from 1694 to 1699. Page 51 Chapter 4 - The Young Lieutenant (1694) 26 April 1693 Native and Spanish people living throughout present day northern Sonora and southern Arizona travel to Dolores to celebrate the consecration of Kino's mission church. 11 Dec. 1693 First Altar Desert Exploration. Travels to the eastern coast of the Gulf of California and climbs Nazareno Peak and sees mountains in Baja California across the Gulf waters. Establishes a mission station at Caborca. 23 Feb. 1694 Second Altar Desert Exploration. Travels with Lieutenant Juan Mateo Manje and begins construction of a ship in the desert near Caborca to supply the yet to be restarted missions in Baja California. Kino brings about a peace settlement between two Western Pima leaders. Two other 1694 explorations are made with Manje into the Altar Desert. Pages 54 - 71 Page 54: Map 4.1 Gulf 1694 (first trip to Gulf of California with Manje) Page 64: Map 4.2 Boat 1694 Page 70: Map 4.3 O'dham Land 1694 21 Oct.