DOCSLIB.ORG

The Reduction of Seri Indian Range and Residence in the State of Sonora, Mexico (1563-Present)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Reduction of Seri Indian Range and Residence in the State of Sonora, Mexico (1563-Present) The reduction of Seri Indian range and residence in the state of Sonora, Mexico (1563-present) Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Bahre, Conrad J. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 24/09/2021 15:06:07 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/551967 THE REDUCTION OF SERI INDIAN RANGE AND RESIDENCE IN THE STATE OF SONORA, MEXICO (1536-PRESENT) by Conrad Joseph Bahre A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1 9 6 7 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfill­ ment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowl­ edgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judgment the proposed use of the material is in the inter­ ests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: APPROVAL BY THESIS DIRECTOR This thesis has been approved on the date shown below: )AVID A. HENDERSOI Associate Professor of Geography ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express my appreciation for the guidance and counsel given me by Dr. David A. Henderson and William N. Smith. Appreciation is also extended to Edward A. Ackerman and Stephen A. Bahre whose help was essential in the preparation of this thesis. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS............................... vi ABSTRACT ....................................... .. viii CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION .................................. 1 II. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ......................... 11 Rugged Coast of Seriland ................. 11 Desert Climate ........................... 18 Scarcity of Potable Water ................. 23 Vegetation of Seriland ................... 24 S o i l s ..................................... 34 Sea Resources............................. 35 Coastal Desert Wildlife ................... 38 III. SERI TRIBAL SUBDIVISIONS AND SERI DISTRIBUTION AT THE TIME OF INITIAL SPANISH CONTACT . 42 Seri Tribal Subdivisions ................. 42 Sixteenth Century Spanish Entradas (1536-1616)............................. 51 IV. JESUIT ADVANCE AND SERI RANGE (1617-1767) .. 56 Observations of the Seri During the Jesuit Period ........................... 56 Seri Distribution During the Jesuit P e r i o d ................................. 71 V. MILITARY PERSECUTION OF THE SERI (1768-1904) . 75 Observations of the Seri During the Period of Military Persecution ........ 76 Distribution of the Seri During the Period of Military Persecution ........ 87 iv V TABLE OF CONTENTS— Continued Page VI. SERI PARTICIPATION IN MEXICO'S ECONOMY (1905-Present) ............................. 89 Various Activities Involving the Seri During Their Participation in Mexico's E c o n o m y ................................. 89 Kino Bay C l u b ......................... 89 Totuava and Shark Fishing Industries . 91 Seri Fishing Cooperative ............ 95 Turtle and Guano Industries ........ 97 Community Development and Present Seri Activities . ................... 104 Seri Distribution During the Period of Seri Participation in Mexico's Economy . 107 VII. CONCLUSIONS.................. 112 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................... 118 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1. Selected Place Names ......................... 3 2. Looking Across the Straits of Infiemillo at the Sierra Kunkaak on Tiburon Island . 6 3. Traditional Seri M a n ..................... 6 4. Seri Boys Eating Rock Oysters and Choila Fruit ...................................... 8 5. Mullet and Green Sea Turtle for Dinner.... 8 6. Modern Seri Boat and "Wattle and Daub" Hut . 10 7. Traditional Seri Balsa ....................... 10 8. Landforms and Drainage................... 12 9. San Ignacio River D e l t a ................. 15 10. Cliffed Shoreline on the West Side of Tiburon Island ............................. 15 11. Average Annual Rainfall ..................... 20 12. Well at Tecomate on Tiburon Island ...... 25 13. Vegetation of Seriland and Adjacent Areas . 26 14. Elephant Trunk Tree, or C o p a l .......... 28 15. Seri Woman Making B a s k e t ................. 28 16. Boojum Tree, or C i r i o ................... 29 17. Card on, or S a h u e s o ....................... 31 18. Pitahaya Dulce, Torote, Ocotillo, and Sinita . 32 vi vii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS--Continued Page 19. Mangroves in the Estero at Santa Rosa .... 32 20. California White Sea Bass,or Cavacuchi . 37 21. Striped F a r g o ......................... 37 22. Distribution of Seri at the Time of Initial Spanish Contact ................... 44 23. Distribution of Seri--Jesu.it Period (1617-1767) ............................... 58 24. Distribution of Seri--Period of Military Persecution (1768-1904) ...... 79 25. Distribution of Seri--Participation in Mexico's Economy (1905-Present) .......... 94 26. Green Sea Turtles ............................ 99 27. Seri Hunting Sea Turtle in the Straits of Inf ie m i l l o .............. 99 28. Winter Turtle Crawl at Viboras ........ 101 29. Seri Camp at Punta C h u e c a ............ 102 30. Seri Camp at V i b o r a s ................... 102 31. Seri Camp at D e s e m b o q u e .............. 110 32. Seri Camp at Pozo C o y o t e .............. 110 33. Reduction of Seri Range and Residence (1536-Present) ............................. 113 ABSTRACT The Seri Indians of coastal Sonora Mexico presently occupy only a small fraction of their aboriginal territory. In order to demonstrate the progressive reduction of Seri range and residence, this study traces the distribution of the Seri from the beginning of European contact to the present. The history of Seri distribution has been divided into four periods: sixteenth century Spanish entradas (1536-1616), Jesuit advance and Seri range (1617-1767), military persecution of the Seri (1768-1904), and Seri participation in Mexico's economy (1905-Present). In each period discussion of Seri range and residence is based on recorded historical observations. Where information is available and personal observation possible, an attempt has been made to explain Seri distribution in terms of their physical environment and their conflict with the encroaching Spaniards and Mexicans. These conditions have resulted in the present concentration of the Seri in the fish camps of Desemboque, Punta Chueca, and Viboras. viii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION The Seri Indians of coastal Sonora Mexico have long held a fascination for scientific investigators. The reports of these investigators, however, have been handi­ capped because of the many complexities involved in explaining the location of the Seri. Most historical accounts of the Seri are obscure and imaginative. In fact, not until the McGee expedition in 1894 and 1895 (1898) was there any attempt to describe the Seri and their way of life thoroughly. Even the report of this expedition is full of erroneous suppositions. Until the twentieth century most of the explanations concerning Seri distribution were superficial, because of the great difficulty of acquiring an understanding of the Seri and of Spanish-Seri contact. Gaining this understanding has been particularly difficult because the Seri have a culture that is entirely different from that of the Mexican and American, and they have had a different perception of their relationship with the land and of Spanish-Mexican encroachment. The primary purpose of this thesis is to chart and explain the general distribution of the Seri-speaking peoples from the beginning of European contacts to the 1 2 present, and, in so doing, to describe the physical environment of the Seri, to establish a Seri chronology, and to note, wherever information is available the economic and social conditions which have led to the modern fusion and concentration of these people. For the most part, Seri distributions, in this thesis are based on recorded historical observations at different localities in what is presently the state of Sonora, Mexico. The Seri Indians are presently located along the coast of Sonora, Mexico, between Punta Chueca and Puerto Libertad (Figure l). They are traditionally a coastal people who were found inland only when they were on forays, trading expeditions, or when forcibly settled at various mission centers in central Sonora. Though their pre- Columbian range is unknown, their historical territory was along the Sonoran coast between Cabo Tepoca and the Rio Matape, including the adjacent islands of Tiburdn (Figure 2), San Esteban, Patos, and Alcatraz (Figure 1). Today there are approximately 300 Seri who refer to themselves as Kongkaak (the people). Surprisingly enough, their numbers are increasing, probably the result of Seri incorporation into Mexico's economy through their partici­ pation in commercial fishing, and the introduction of m o d e m medicine. The
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Satellite Monitoring of Coastal Marine Ecosystems a Case from the Dominican Republic
    Satellite Monitoring of Coastal Marine Ecosystems: A Case from the Dominican Republic Item Type Report Authors Stoffle, Richard W.; Halmo, David Publisher University of Arizona Download date 04/10/2021 02:16:03 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/272833 SATELLITE MONITORING OF COASTAL MARINE ECOSYSTEMS A CASE FROM THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Edited By Richard W. Stoffle David B. Halmo Submitted To CIESIN Consortium for International Earth Science Information Network Saginaw, Michigan Submitted From University of Arizona Environmental Research Institute of Michigan (ERIM) University of Michigan East Carolina University December, 1991 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables vi List of Figures vii List of Viewgraphs viii Acknowledgments ix CHAPTER ONE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 The Human Dimensions of Global Change 1 Global Change Research 3 Global Change Theory 4 Application of Global Change Information 4 CIESIN And Pilot Research 5 The Dominican Republic Pilot Project 5 The Site 5 The Research Team 7 Key Findings 7 CAPÍTULO UNO RESUMEN GENERAL 9 Las Dimensiones Humanas en el Cambio Global 9 La Investigación del Cambio Global 11 Teoría del Cambio Global 12 Aplicaciones de la Información del Cambio Global 13 CIESIN y la Investigación Piloto 13 El Proyecto Piloto en la República Dominicana 14 El Lugar 14 El Equipo de Investigación 15 Principales Resultados 15 CHAPTER TWO REMOTE SENSING APPLICATIONS IN THE COASTAL ZONE 17 Coastal Surveys with Remote Sensing 17 A Human Analogy 18 Remote Sensing Data 19 Aerial Photography 19 Landsat Data 20 GPS Data 22 Sonar
    [Show full text]
  • A Distributional Survey of the Birds of Sonora, Mexico
    52 A. J. van Rossem Occ. Papers Order FALCONIFORMES Birds of PreY Family Cathartidae American Vultures Coragyps atratus (Bechstein) Black Vulture Vultur atratus Bechstein, in Latham, Allgem. Ueb., Vögel, 1, 1793, Anh., 655 (Florida). Coragyps atratus atratus van Rossem, 1931c, 242 (Guaymas; Saric; Pesqueira: Obregon; Tesia); 1934d, 428 (Oposura). — Bent, 1937, 43, in text (Guaymas: Tonichi). — Abbott, 1941, 417 (Guaymas). — Huey, 1942, 363 (boundary at Quito­ vaquita) . Cathartista atrata Belding, 1883, 344 (Guaymas). — Salvin and Godman, 1901. 133 (Guaymas). Common, locally abundant, resident of Lower Sonoran and Tropical zones almost throughout the State, except that there are no records as yet from the deserts west of longitude 113°, nor from any of the islands. Concentration is most likely to occur in the vicinity of towns and ranches. A rather rapid extension of range to the northward seems to have taken place within a relatively few years for the species was not noted by earlier observers anywhere north of the limits of the Tropical zone (Guaymas and Oposura). It is now common nearly everywhere, a few modern records being Nogales and Rancho La Arizona southward to Agiabampo, with distribution almost continuous and with numbers rapidly increasing southerly, May and June, 1937 (van Rossem notes); Pilares, in the north­ east, June 23, 1935 (Univ. Mich.); Altar, in the northwest, February 2, 1932 (Phillips notes); Magdalena, May, 1925 (Dawson notes; [not noted in that locality by Evermann and Jenkins in July, 1887]). The highest altitudes where observed to date are Rancho La Arizona, 3200 feet; Nogales, 3850 feet; Rancho Santa Bárbara, 5000 feet, the last at the lower fringe of the Transition zone.
    [Show full text]
  • Iguanid and Varanid CAMP 1992.Pdf
    CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR IGUANIDAE AND VARANIDAE WORKING DOCUMENT December 1994 Report from the workshop held 1-3 September 1992 Edited by Rick Hudson, Allison Alberts, Susie Ellis, Onnie Byers Compiled by the Workshop Participants A Collaborative Workshop AZA Lizard Taxon Advisory Group IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group SPECIES SURVIVAL COMMISSION A Publication of the IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group 12101 Johnny Cake Ridge Road, Apple Valley, MN 55124 USA A contribution of the IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, and the AZA Lizard Taxon Advisory Group. Cover Photo: Provided by Steve Reichling Hudson, R. A. Alberts, S. Ellis, 0. Byers. 1994. Conservation Assessment and Management Plan for lguanidae and Varanidae. IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group: Apple Valley, MN. Additional copies of this publication can be ordered through the IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, 12101 Johnny Cake Ridge Road, Apple Valley, MN 55124. Send checks for US $35.00 (for printing and shipping costs) payable to CBSG; checks must be drawn on a US Banlc Funds may be wired to First Bank NA ABA No. 091000022, for credit to CBSG Account No. 1100 1210 1736. The work of the Conservation Breeding Specialist Group is made possible by generous contributions from the following members of the CBSG Institutional Conservation Council Conservators ($10,000 and above) Australasian Species Management Program Gladys Porter Zoo Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum Sponsors ($50-$249) Chicago Zoological
    [Show full text]
  • 0616 Sauromalus Varius.Pdf
    REPTILIA: SQUAMATA: SAURIA: IGUANIDAE r'- Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles. Lawler, H.E., K.R. Beaman, and L.L. Grismer. 1995. Sauro- malus varius. Sauromalus varius Dickerson Piebald Chuckwalla Sauromalus Townsend, 1916:428. Sauromalus varius Dickerson, 1919:464. qpe-locality, "San Esteban Island, Gulf of California, [Sonora] Mexico." Ho- lotype, National Museum of Natural History (USNM) 64441, adult male, collected by C.H. Townsend on 13 April 191 1 (not examined by authors). See Comment. Content. This species is monotypic. Definition. Sauromalus varius is a large. stout-bodied, sexu- ally dimorphic species, with maximum head and body size of adult males and females 324 mm and 314 mm SVL, respec- tively (Case, 1982). Adults may reach a length of 600 mm total length (Shaw, 1945). This species is the largest member of the genus. The head and body are much depressed, the latter being very broad. The top of the head is covered with smooth, irregu- - Map. Distribution of Sauromalus varius (see text). lar scales, which are larger in the frontal and parietal regions and become tubercular in the latter region. The superciliaries and the supraoculars are small and juxtaposed. Aseries of short, ~ntofour hexagonal scales. The symphyseal is long and nar- smooth suboculars, following the contour of the orbit, pass up- row. A series of enlarged sublabials merge with the granular ward and posteriorly to the anterior border of the ear opening. gular scales. The lateral neck fold, posterior to the ear opening, The labials are minute and juxtaposed. The rostra1 is divided 1s covered by small tubercular or subconical scales.
    [Show full text]
  • A BRIEF HISTORY of DISCOVERY in the GULF of CALIFORNIA © Richard C
    A BRIEF HISTORY OF DISCOVERY IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA © Richard C. Brusca Vers. 12 June 2021 (All photos by the author, unless otherwise indicated) value of their visits. And there is good FIRST DISCOVERIES evidence that the Seri People (Comcaac) of San Esteban Island, and native people of Archaeological evidence tells us that Native the Baja California peninsula, ate sea lions. Americans were present in northwest Mexico at least 13,000 years ago. Although these hunter-gatherers probably began visiting the shores of the Northern Gulf of California around that time, any early evidence has been lost as sea level has risen with the end of the last ice age. Sea level stabilized ~6000 years ago (ybp), and the earliest evidence of humans along the shores of Sonora and Baja California (otoliths, or fish ear bones from shell middens) is around that age. Excavations of shell middens from the Bahía Adair and Puerto Peñasco region of the Upper Gulf show more-or-less continuous use of the coastal area over the past 6000 years (Middle Archaic Period; based on Salina Grande, on the upper Sonoran coast; radiocarbon dates of charcoal and fish a huge salt flat in which are found artesian otoliths to ~4270 BC). The subsistence springs (pozos) pattern of these midden sites suggests a The famous Covacha Babisuri lifestyle basically identical to that of the archaeological site on Isla Espíritu Santo, in earliest Sand Papago (Areneños, or Hia ced the Southern Gulf, has yielded evidence of O’odham) (see Mitchell et al. 2020). indigenous use that included harvesting and In the coastal shallows, Native working pearls as much as 8,500 years ago.
    [Show full text]
  • LAW of the SEA (National Legislation) © DOALOS/OLA
    Page 1 Decree of 28 August 1968 delimiting the Mexican Territorial Sea within the Gulf of California ... Sole article The Mexican territorial sea within the Gulf of California shall be measured from a baseline drawn as follows: 1. Along the western coast of the Gulf, from the point known as Punta Arena in the Territory of Baja California, in a north-westerly direction along the low-water mark to the point known as Punta Arena de la Ventana; thence along a straight baseline to the point known as Roca Montaña at the southern extremity of Cerralvo Island; thence along the low-water mark of the eastern shore of the said island to the northern extremity of the same; thence along a straight baseline to Las Focas Reef; thence along a straight baseline to the easternmost point of Espíritu Santo Island; thence along the eastern shore of the said island to the northernmost point of the same; thence along a straight baseline to the south-eastern extremity of La Partida Island; thence along the western shore of the said island to the group of islets known as Los Islotes at the northern extremity of La Partida Island; from the northern extremity of the said islets along a straight baseline to the south-eastern extremity of San José Island; thence in a general northerly direction along the low-water mark of the eastern shore to the point at which the shore of the island changes direction towards the north-west; from that point along a straight baseline to the island known as Las Animas; from the northern extremity of the said island along a straight
    [Show full text]
  • Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly
    Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly Volume 51, Numbers 3 and 4 MATHESIANA: Baja California Culture Historical Studies in Honor of W. Michael Mathes Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly Volume 51, Numbers 3 and 4 Guest Editors Matthew A. Boxt and Brian Dervin Dillon Editor Henry C. Koerper Production Editor Rene Brace Publications Committee Bob Brace, Stephen Dwyer, Scott Findlay, Megan Galway, Jane Gothold, Stephen O’Neil, Kathleen Shada, and Brian Steffensen Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly The Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly is a publication of the Pacific Coast Archaeological Society (PCAS), which was organized in 1961. PCAS is an avocational group originally founded to study and to pre- serve the anthropological and archaeological history of the original inhabitants of Orange County, California, and adjacent areas. The Publications Committee invites the submittal of original contributions dealing with regional history and prehistory. Although PCAS is especially interested in reports which shed further light on the early inhabitants of coastal southern California, it always welcomes reports on the wider Pacific Coast region. Information about subscriptions to the Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly and the PCAS Newsletter is available online at www.pcas.org. Back issues of the Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly are available. An index to Volumes 1 through 40 is available as Volume 40, Numbers 3 & 4. This searchable index is online at www.pcas.org. Four Occasional Papers (on Catalina Island, Mexican Majolica, and the Peralta Adobe and a re- membrance of H. B. Nicholson) have also been published by PCAS. To place an order, receive information about the Pacific Coast Archaeological Society, or submit an article for publication, email [email protected] or write: Pacific Coast Archaeological Society, PO Box 10926, Costa Mesa, California, 92627.
    [Show full text]
  • How Changing Lifestyles Impact Seri Smellscapes and Smell Language
    How Changing Lifestyles Impact Seri Smellscapes and Smell Language Carolyn O’Meara, Asifa Majid Anthropological Linguistics, Volume 58, Number 2, Summer 2016, pp. 107-131 (Article) Published by University of Nebraska Press DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/anl.2016.0024 For additional information about this article https://muse.jhu.edu/article/652276 Access provided by Max Planck Digital Library (25 Apr 2017 06:55 GMT) How Changing Lifestyles Impact Seri Smellscapes and Smell Language CAROLYN O’MEARA Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Radboud University ASIFA MAJID Radboud University and Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics Abstract. The sense of smell has widely been viewed as inferior to the other senses. This is reflected in the lack of treatment of olfaction in ethnographies and linguistic descriptions. We present novel data from the olfactory lexicon of Seri, a language isolate of Mexico, which sheds new light onto the possibilities for olfactory terminologies. We also present the Seri smellscape, highlighting the cultural significance of odors in Seri culture that, along with the olfactory language, is now under threat as globalization takes hold and traditional ways of life are transformed. 1. Introduction. In the Seri village of El Desemboque, Sonora, Mexico, 2006, O’Meara sits chatting with some local women. The women commented how pretty my self-dyed skirt was. I thought they were interested in my skirt and wanted me to give it to them upon my departure. (I frequently brought skirts to give as presents to friends and collaborators.) In order to dissuade them from this particular skirt (which I was fond of), I tried to convey that it was stinky and dirty so they would not want it.
    [Show full text]
  • The Black-Tailed Rattlesnake
    132 I Litteratura Serpentium, 1993, Vol. 13, No. 4 CROTALUS MOLOSSUS, THE BLACK-TAILED RATTLESNAKE By: Pete Strimple, 5310 Sultana Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio 45238, U.S.A. Contents: Historical - Habitat - Food - Habits - Breeding - The subspecies of Crotalus molossus. * * * HISTORICAL The black-tailed rattlesnake of the southwestem United States and the central plateau of Mexico was first described by Baird & Girard in 1853 as Crotalus molossus. The type specimen was collected at Fort Webster, Santa Rita del Cobre (Grant County, New Mexico. The specific name 'molossus' is in reference to the Molossian hound or 'Wolfdog', a famous breed of dog from centuries ago. Although Crotalus molossus had a rather extensive range from central Arizona, east through west-central Texas, and then south through most of Mexico, it was not until 1936 that the first subspecies were recognized and named. In 1936, Howard K. Gloyd described the first subspecies based on a specimen from Zacatecas, Mexico. He named the subspecies Crotalus molossus nigrescens. The name 'nigres­ cens' is from the word nigresco which means 'to become dark in color,' referring, of course, to the darker coloration of this Mexican subspecies. In accordance with the rules of nomenclature this automatically established the second and nominate subspecies as Crotalus molossus molossus Baird & Girard. These remained the only two subspecies of Crotalus molossus until 1949, when Klauber described Crotalus molossus estebanensis, the San Esteban Island rattlesnake. HABITAT Crotalus molossus is primarily a mountainous or rock-dwelling form, whose habitats are quite varied and include: rocky outcrops, talus slopes in open woods, rocky streambeds, wooded rocky canyons, chaparral, rocky foothills, forested areas, rock pile slides, and the vicinity of cliffs.
    [Show full text]
  • The Management of Linguistic Diversity and Peace Processes La Gestion De La Diversité Linguistique Et Les Processus De Paix
    La gestíó de la díversítat lingüistica i els processes de pau La gestión de la diversidad lingüística y los procesos de paz The Management of Linguistic Diversity and Peace Processes La gestion de la diversité linguistique et les processus de paix CENTRE UNESCO DE CATALUNYA I | UNESCOCAT 1« Oéroa > la CAfltra La gestíó de la díversítat lingüistica i els processes de pau Col-lecció Arguments, número i © 2010 Centre UNESCO de Catalunya-Unescocat. Centre UNESCO de Catalunya-Unescocat Nàpois, 346 08025 Barcelona www.unescocat.org El seminari sobre La gestíó de la díversítat lingüística i els processes de pau. Una panoràmica internacional amb estudis de cas, va rebre el suport de: ^ Generalität de Catalunya Il Departament Zi de la Vicepresidència Generalität de Catalunya Departament d’lnterior, Ä Relacions Institucionals i Patlicipaciö Oficina de Promociö de la Pau i dels Drets Humans L’edició d’aquest llibre ha rebut el suport de: LINGUA CASA Traduccions: Marc Alba, Kelly Dickeson, Kari Friedenson, Ariadna Gobema, Alain Hidoine, Enne Kellie, Marta Montagut, Jordi Planas, Nuria Ribera, Raquel Rico, Jordi Trilla. Revisions linguistiques: Kari Friedenson, Ariadna Goberna, Alain Hidoine, Patricia Ortiz. Disseny: Kira Riera Maquetació: Montflorit Edicions i Assessoraments, si. Impressió: Gramagraf, sed. Primera edició: gener de 2010 ISBN: 978-84-95705-93-8 Dipósit legal: B-5436-2010 Fotografía de la coberta: ©iStockphoto.com/ Yenwen Lu CONTENTS The Management of Linguistic Diversity and Peace Processes Foreword 247 Introduction 249 Parti 01 Multilingualism
    [Show full text]
  • A BRIEF HISTORY of SONORA (Vers
    A BRIEF HISTORY OF SONORA (Vers. 14 May 2019) © Richard C. Brusca topographically, ecologically, and biologically NOTE: Being but a brief overview, this essay cannot diverse. It is the most common gateway state do justice to Sonora’s long and colorful history; but it for visitors to the Sea of Cortez (Gulf of hopefully provides a condensed introduction to this California). Its population is about three million. marvelous state. Readers with a serious interest in Sonora should consult the fine histories and The origin of the name “Sonora” is geographies of the region, many of which are cited in unclear. The first record of the name is probably the References section. The topic of Spanish colonial that of explorer Francisco Vásquez de history has a rich literature in particular, and no Coronado, who passed through the region in attempt has been made to include all of those 1540 and called part of the area the Valle de La citations in the References (although the most targeted and comprehensive treatments are Sonora. Francisco de Ibarra also traveled included). Also see my “Bibliography on the Gulf of through the area in 1567 and referred to the California” at www.rickbrusca.com. All photographs Valles de la Señora. by R.C. Brusca, unless otherwise noted. This is a draft chapter for a planned book on the Sea of Cortez; Four major river systems occur in the state the most current version of this draft can be of Sonora, to empty into the Sea of Cortez: the downloaded at Río Colorado, Río Yaqui, Río Mayo, and http://rickbrusca.com/http___www.rickbrusca.com_ind massive Río Fuerte.
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Investigations on Quaternary Geology of the Coast of Central Sonora, Mexico
    137 RECENT INVESTIGATIONS ON QUATERNARY GEOLOGY OF THE COAST OF CENTRAL SONORA, MEXICO Luc ORTLIEB Mission de l'Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre-Mer au Mexique, & Instituto de Geolog!a, Universidad Nacional AutOnoma de Mexico, Apdo. Postal 1159, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. INTRODUCTION Between 1965 and 1980, Quaternary deposits of the coast of Sonora, between Puerto Lobos (30 015') and Guaymas (28°N) have been investigated from different points of view. This new interest in the recent evolution of this area, follows the important geologic, geophysical and oceanographic research accomplished in the Gulf of California around the mid-century. The aim of this paper is to briefly present some aspects of these recent investigations and give a general idea of the state of knowledge in the field of Quaternary geology in the western Sonora coast. On- going research works will also be mentioned. With the exception of a few PhD dissertations, and other works, from U. s. scientists, a large part of the recent progresses were completed through a Franco-Mexican cooperative program (between O. R. S. T. O. M. and Instituto de Geolog!a , U. N. A. M.) which began in 1974 ( the publications related to this program, generally were written in Spanish, or in French; and not in English) • REGIONAL GEOLOGY AND RECONNAISSANCE MAPPING In the early sixties, the geology of coastal Sonora was so poorly studied that Allison (1964) could write: "So little is known of rocks younger than Cre­ taceous that conclusions concerning the late geological history of land areas bordering the eastern side of the Gulf of California are hardly meaningful".
    [Show full text]