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Satellite Monitoring of Coastal Marine Ecosystems a Case from the Dominican Republic

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Satellite Monitoring of Coastal Marine Ecosystems a Case from the Dominican Republic Satellite Monitoring of Coastal Marine Ecosystems: A Case from the Dominican Republic Item Type Report Authors Stoffle, Richard W.; Halmo, David Publisher University of Arizona Download date 04/10/2021 02:16:03 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/272833 SATELLITE MONITORING OF COASTAL MARINE ECOSYSTEMS A CASE FROM THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Edited By Richard W. Stoffle David B. Halmo Submitted To CIESIN Consortium for International Earth Science Information Network Saginaw, Michigan Submitted From University of Arizona Environmental Research Institute of Michigan (ERIM) University of Michigan East Carolina University December, 1991 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables vi List of Figures vii List of Viewgraphs viii Acknowledgments ix CHAPTER ONE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 The Human Dimensions of Global Change 1 Global Change Research 3 Global Change Theory 4 Application of Global Change Information 4 CIESIN And Pilot Research 5 The Dominican Republic Pilot Project 5 The Site 5 The Research Team 7 Key Findings 7 CAPÍTULO UNO RESUMEN GENERAL 9 Las Dimensiones Humanas en el Cambio Global 9 La Investigación del Cambio Global 11 Teoría del Cambio Global 12 Aplicaciones de la Información del Cambio Global 13 CIESIN y la Investigación Piloto 13 El Proyecto Piloto en la República Dominicana 14 El Lugar 14 El Equipo de Investigación 15 Principales Resultados 15 CHAPTER TWO REMOTE SENSING APPLICATIONS IN THE COASTAL ZONE 17 Coastal Surveys with Remote Sensing 17 A Human Analogy 18 Remote Sensing Data 19 Aerial Photography 19 Landsat Data 20 GPS Data 22 Sonar Data 22 i Remote Sensing Information Products 24 Geometric Correction of Landsat Data 25 Land Use Maps 25 Mapping Land Use 25 Land Use from Aerial Photos 27 Land Use from Satellite Images 30 Map Comparison 31 Bathymetric Image Map 32 Monitoring Change 36 Data Registration 36 Radiometric Calibration of TM Data 36 Measuring Amplitudes of Change 38 Recording Types of Change 43 CIESIN Issue Summaries 45 Integrated Science Issues 50 Information Technology Issues 51 Knowledge Transfer Issues 52 Policy- Relevant Information 53 Global Change Information 53 Learning Styles 54 CHAPTER THREE CLIMATE HISTORY OF BUEN HOMBRE 57 Methods and Assumptions 58 Buen Hombre Average Annual and Monthly Rainfall 58 Average Annual Rainfall 59 Mean Monthly Pattern 64 Interannual Variability 68 Conclusion 73 CHAPTER FOUR ETHNOHISTORY OF BUEN HOMBRE 74 Methods 74 Ethnohistory 74 Oral History 75 Native American Occupation of Hispaniola 75 Discovery and Colonization by Europeans: The North Coast 76 Demographic Impact of Colonization: Population Collapse 78 Ethnohistory of Buen Hombre 79 Early Agriculture 80 Climate and Crop Changes 80 Marine Resource Use 82 Salt Ponds, Policy, and Mangrove Expansion 82 The Problem of Water 83 Contemporary Buen Hombre 84 Terrestrial Ecozones and Resource Use 85 Soils 85 Agriculture 87 Upland Forest Resource Collecting 88 Local Factors Affecting Agriculture and Forest Resources 89 External Factors Affecting Agriculture and Forest Resources 90 Marine Ecozones and Resource Use 90 Tidal Shore Ecozone 90 Local Factors Affecting Beach, Mangrove, and Lagoon Microzones 91 External Factors Affecting Beach, Mangrove, and Lagoon Microzones 91 The Coral Reef Ecozone 92 CHAPTER FIVE MARINE ECOLOGY OF THE BUEN HOMBRE COAST 93 Methods 93 Statistical Analysis of Data 99 Results 102 Biodiversity 102 Sample Adequacy 104 Ecozone Characterizations 107 Mangrove Forests 107 First Lagoon 108 First Lagoon Patch Reefs 112 First Barrier Reef 115 Second Lagoon 118 Second Barrier Reef 121 Classification of the ESUs 125 Comparison of Fish Communities at Ethnographic Sites 128 Observations on Fisheries 132 Snappers (Family Lutjanidae) or the "Pargo" Species 134 Groupers (Family Serranidae) 137 Management of the Grouper and Snapper Fisheries 138 Conclusions 139 Recommendations 140 CHAPTER SIX ETHNOGRAPHY OF FISHING IN BUEN HOMBRE 141 Methods 142 Permission To Conduct Research 142 The General Fishing Study 143 Fishing in Buen Hombre 145 iii Culture and Social Organization of Fishing 145 Methods of Fishing 150 Schedule of Fishing 153 Local Factors Affecting Fishing Patterns 161 Effects of Climate, Seasonality, and Technology 161 Seasonal Food Shortage and Fishing Change 162 Cash Shortages 164 Farm Labor 166 Climate and Seasonality 167 Personal and Family Illness 168 External Factors Affecting the Coral Reef Ecozone 171 Satellite Imagery Mapping of Community Territory, Fishing Sites and Patterns 176 Village Territorial Boundaries 176 Spatial Analysis of Site Distribution and Seasonal Fishing Patterns 178 CHAPTER SEVEN SEA TRUTHING SATELLITE IMAGERY 184 Methods 184 Site -By -Site Analysis 185 La Pasha del Coco 185 Cayito de Arena 187 Bajio de Cayito 188 Los Tocones /E1 Canon de Sansie 190 Higuerito /Bajio de Sansie 191 La Piedra de Buen Hombre 193 Piedra de Tuba 195 La Pasa de la Posa/Boca de la Pasa de la Posa 196 La Posa 198 El Canal de la Posa 199 La Cordillera Afuera 200 La Punta de la Cordillera de Afuera 202 Los Morrales 203 La Pasa de la Silla de Caballo /Silla de Caballo 205 Bajio de lo Jengibre 206 Canal de lo Mangle 207 Cayo Arena 208 Palo de la Garza 209 Pasa de lo Grullone 210 La Punta del Muerto 212 Other Marine Sites Visited 213 La Pasa 214 Stations F -1 and F -2 214 Station G -1 215 Stations H -1 and H -2 215 iv Station I -1 216 Stations J -1 and J -2 216 Station T -1 216 Stations U -1 and U -2 217 CHAPTER EIGHT CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 218 Summary of Pilot Project Results 219 Information Technology 219 Integrated Science 220 Integrated Data Products 222 Knowledge Transfer 223 Recommendations for CIESIN Data and Research Center 223 Recommendations for Future Research 226 Proposed 1992 Project 226 International Conference on the Global Status of Coastal Marine Ecosystems 226 Modelling Global Change in Coral Reef and Coastal Marine Ecosystems 227 1992 Pilot Project Sites 227 Dominican Republic 227 Policy Results of Knowledge Transfer 227 Values Survey Among Urban Fishermen 228 Groundtruthing Land Use Change 229 Marine Ecology and Bathymetric Verification 229 North Coastal Haiti 230 General Approach 230 Remote Sensing Technology (ERIM) 231 Ethnographic Study of Marine Resource Use 232 Reconstruction of Climatic History 232 Anticipated Results 232 Additional World Sites 233 The Coast of Oaxaca, Mexico 234 Micronesia 235 Upper Gulf of California, Baja California and Sonora, Mexico 236 Anticipated Results 237 REFERENCES CITED 239 APPENDIX: Twenty year Rainfall Records for Dominican Republic and Haitian Stations 250 v LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1. List of Remote Sensing Data 19 Table 2.2. Landsat Sensor Parameters 20 Table 2.3. List of Buen Hombre Image/Map Products 24 Table 2.4. Coefficients to radiometrically correct 1989 TM data to 1985 TM data 38 Table 2.5. TM pixel radiance values 39 Table 2.6. Two -date change codes 43 Table 5.1. Ecological Sampling Units visited during Seatruthing 100 Table 5.2. The biodiversity of the Buen Hombre coast as indicated by species richness 103 Table 5.3. Species list for the mangrove ecozone 107 Table 5.4. Species list for non -coral reef sites in the first lagoon 110 Table 5.5. Species list for patch reef sites in the first lagoon 112 Table 5.6. Species list for the first barrier reef 116 Table 5.7. The species list at sites 01, Vi, V2 in the second lagoon ecozone 119 Table 5.8. The species list for the second barrier reef 122 Table 6.1. Name and Location of Fishing Sites Under Ideal Conditions 180 Table 6.2. Name And Location of Fishing Sites Under Adverse Conditions 182 Table 7.1. Fish Species Present/Captured at La Pasita del Coco Site 187 Table 7.2. Fish Species Present/Captured at the Bajio de Cayito Site 189 Table 7.3. Fish Species Present/Captured at the Los Tocones /Canon de Sansie Site .. 191 Table 7.4. Fish Species Present/Captured at the Higuerito /Bajio de Sansie Site 192 Table 7.5. Fish Species Present/Captured at the Piedra de Buen Hombre Site 194 Table 7.6. Fish Species Present/Captured at the Piedra de Tuba Site 196 Table 7.7. Fish Species Present/Captured at La Pasa de la Posa/Boca de la Pasa de la Posa Site 197 Table 7.8. Fish Species Present/Captureed at la Posa Site 198 Table 7.9. Fish Species Present/Captured at the Canal de la Posa Site 199 Table 7.10. Fish Species Present/Captured at la Cordillera de Afuera Site 201 Table 7.11. Fish Species Present/Captured at la Punta de la Cordillera Afuera Site 203 Table 7.12. Fish Species Present/Captured at Los Morrales 204 Table 7.13. Fish Species Present/Captured at la Pasa de la Silla de Caballo /Silla de Caballo Site 206 Table 7.14. Fish Species Present/Captured at the Bajio de Jengibre Site 207 Table 7.15. Fish Species Present/Captured at the Canal de lo Mangle Site 208 Table 7.16. Fish Species Present/Captured at the Cayo Arena Site 209 Table 7.17. Fish Species Present/Captured at the Palo de la Garza Site 210 Table 7.18. Fish Species Present/Captured at the Pasa de lo Grullone Site 212 Table 7.19. Fish Species Present/Captured at the La Punta del Muerto Site 213 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1. Landsat Image, 1:50,000, North Coast of Dominican Republic 6 Graph 2.1. Representation of image tones for 2 -date ratio (B &W) images 40 Figure 2.1. Diagram of the Earth Observations/Global Change System 47 Figure 2.2. Diagram of Global Change Information Space 53 Figure 2.3. Illustration of Learning Styles 55 Figure 3.1. Average annual rainfall pattern for Hispaniola 60 Figure 3.2. Topography and average annual rainfall, Dominican Republic northwest coastal region 62 Figure 3.3.
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