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Literarische Versionen Des Gettos Litzmannstadt Literarische Versionen des Gettos Litzmannstadt: Holocaustliteratur als Spiegel von Erinnerungskultur dargelegt an Texten von Opfern, Tätern, Zuschauern und Nachgeborenen Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Philosophie des Fachbereiches 05 der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen vorgelegt von Katja Zinn Berlin 2008 Dekanin: Prof. Dr. Cora Dietl 1. Berichterstatter: Prof. Dr. Erwin Leibfried 2. Berichterstatter: Prof. Dr. Carsten Gansel Tag der Disputation: 15. Juli 2009 INHALTSVERZEICHNIS 1 EINLEITUNG ...................................................................................................................... 7 2 DER HOLOCAUST UND DIE DEUTSCHE ERINNERUNGSKULTUR................... 11 2.1 DER HOLOCAUST ALS NEGATIVES GESCHICHTSZEICHEN .............................................. 11 2.2 PHASEN DER AUSEINANDERSETZUNG MIT DER NATIONALSOZIALISTISCHEN VERGANGENHEIT ........................................................................................................... 14 2.2.1 Die 40er Jahre................................................................................................. 15 2.2.2 Die 50er Jahre................................................................................................. 17 2.2.3 Die 60er Jahre ................................................................................................ 18 2.2.4 Die 70er Jahre................................................................................................. 19 2.2.5 Die 80er Jahre................................................................................................. 21 2.2.6 Seit den 90er Jahren........................................................................................ 22 2.3 DIE GENERATIONELLE DIALEKTIK DER DEUTSCHEN VERARBEITUNG DES HOLOCAUST 26 2.3.1 Die Erste Generation ...................................................................................... 27 2.3.2 Die Zweite Generation .................................................................................... 31 2.3.3 Die Dritte Generation ..................................................................................... 33 2.4 DIE KOMMUNIKATION DER PERSPEKTIVEN AUF DIE VERGANGENHEIT ALS GETEILTE ERINNERUNG ................................................................................................................. 37 2.5 DIE KULTURELLE ADAPTION TRAUMATISCHER ERINNERUNG ....................................... 48 2.5.1 Der Zivilisationsbruch als kulturelles Trauma ............................................... 49 2.5.2 Die kulturelle Integration des Holocaust........................................................ 57 als Vergangenheitsbewältigung ..................................................................... 57 2.5.3 Die Etablierung des Holocaust ....................................................................... 62 als Bestandteil der deutschen Erinnerungskultur........................................... 62 3 HOLOCAUSTLITERATUR ALS MONUMENT .......................................................... 67 3.1 ERZÄHLUNGEN ALS MIMETISCHE UND POETISCHE MODI DER ERFAHRUNGSERMITTLUNG UND -VERMITTLUNG ...................................................................................................... 67 3.2 DER HOLOCAUST ZWISCHEN DARSTELLUNGSVERBOT UND AUTHENTIZITÄTSGEBOT .. 75 3.3 TEXTE ÜBER DEN HOLOCAUST ALS LITERATUR ............................................................. 84 3.4 HOLOCAUSTLITERATUR ALS GATTUNG ......................................................................... 90 3.5 DIE ENTWICKLUNG VON HOLOCAUSTLITERATUR ALS SPIEGEL DER WIRKUNGSGESCHICHTE DES HOLOCAUST .................................................................. 100 4 GESCHICHTE UND BESONDERHEITEN DES GETTOS LITZMANNSTADT... 109 4.1 DIE GETTOS IM KONTEXT DER NATIONALSOZIALISTISCHEN VERNICHTUNGSPOLITIK 109 4.2 DAS GETTO LITZMANNSTADT ...................................................................................... 112 4.3 MORDECHAI CHAIM RUMKOWSKI ............................................................................... 118 5 METHODISCHE ÜBERLEGUNGEN ZUR ANALYSE DER LITERARISCHEN WIRKUNGSGESCHICHTE DES HOLOCAUST................................................. 121 5.1 ENTWURF EINER TYPOLOGIE ZU TEXTEN DER HOLOCAUSTLITERATUR ......................122 5.2 VORGEHENSWEISE ........................................................................................................125 5.2.1 Thematische Analysekategorien .................................................................... 126 5.2.2 Formale Analysekategorien........................................................................... 128 6 DAS GETTO LITZMANNSTADT IN ZEITGENÖSSISCHEN TEXTEN ................ 131 6.1 DAS GETTO AUS DER PERSPEKTIVE SEINER BEWOHNER ..............................................131 6.1.1 Offizielle Texte............................................................................................... 132 6.1.1.1 Die Rede des Judenältesten vom 4. September 1942......................................... 134 6.1.1.2 Die Chronik des Gettos Lodz/Litzmannstadt..................................................... 140 6.1.1.3 Die Essays und Reportagen von Oskar Singer................................................... 158 6.1.2 Private Texte.................................................................................................. 169 6.1.2.1 Irene Hauser....................................................................................................... 173 6.1.2.2 Briefe aus Litzmannstadt ................................................................................... 175 5.1.2.3 „Les Vrais Riches“ – Notizen am Rand............................................................. 179 6.1.2.4 Oskar Rosenfeld................................................................................................. 182 6.1.2.5 Dawid Sierakowiak............................................................................................ 195 6.1.2.6 Robert Alt .......................................................................................................... 204 6.1.3 Fiktionale Texte ............................................................................................. 206 6.1.3.1 Yankel Herszkowicz.......................................................................................... 207 6.1.3.2 Symcha-Bunem Szajewicz................................................................................. 213 6.1.3.3 Moshe Sanek...................................................................................................... 215 6.1.3.4 Isaiah Spiegel..................................................................................................... 216 6.2 DAS GETTO IN TEXTEN AUF SEITEN DER TÄTER ..........................................................221 6.2.1 Offizielle Texte............................................................................................... 223 6.2.1.1 Administrative Texte ......................................................................................... 223 6.2.1.2 Publizistische Texte ........................................................................................... 235 6.2.2 Private Texte.................................................................................................. 246 6.2.2.1 Joseph Goebbels ................................................................................................ 246 6.2.2.2 Wartheländisches Tagebuch .............................................................................. 248 6.2.2.3 Erich Buchholz .................................................................................................. 253 6.3 DAS GETTO LITZMANNSTADT IN ZUSCHAUERTEXTEN .................................................254 6.3.1 Emmanuel Ringelblum................................................................................... 255 6.3.2 Ernst Jünger .................................................................................................. 257 6.4 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG UND SYNCHRONER VERGLEICH ..................................................260 7 DAS GETTO LITZMANNSTADT IN DER RETROSPEKTIVE............................... 275 7.1 DAS GETTO LITZMANNSTADT AUS DER SICHT DER ÜBERLEBENDEN ...........................275 7.1.1 Autobiographische Texte von Überlebenden des Gettos Litzmannstadt........ 275 7.1.1.1 David Friedmann ............................................................................................... 276 7.1.1.2 Ruth Tauber-Alton............................................................................................. 280 7.1.1.3 Ben Abraham..................................................................................................... 283 7.1.1.4 Sara Zyskind ...................................................................................................... 284 7.1.1.5 Ruth Minsky Sender .......................................................................................... 286 7.1.1.6 Jack Bresler........................................................................................................ 286 7.1.1.7 Lucille Eichengreen ........................................................................................... 289 7.1.1.8 Leon Zelman...................................................................................................... 291 7.1.1.9 Michael Moshe Checinski.................................................................................. 293 7.1.2 Fiktionale Texte von Überlebenden des Gettos Litzmannstadt
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