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Founded in 1944, the Institute for Western Affairs is an interdis- Political visions ciplinary research centre carrying out research in history, political and historical scores science, sociology, and economics. The Institute’s projects are typi- cally related to German studies and international relations, focusing Political transformations on Polish-German and European issues and transatlantic relations. in the European Union by 2025 The Institute’s history and achievements make it one of the most German response to reform important Polish research institution well-known internationally. in the euro area Since the 1990s, the watchwords of research have been Poland– Ger- many – Europe and the main themes are: Crisis or a search for a new formula • political, social, economic and cultural changes in Germany; for the Humboldtian university • international role of the Federal Republic of Germany; The end of the Great War and Stanisław • past, present, and future of Polish-German relations; Hubert’s concept of postliminum • EU international relations (including transatlantic cooperation); American press reports on anti-Jewish • security policy; incidents in reborn Poland • borderlands: social, political and economic issues. The Institute’s research is both interdisciplinary and multidimension- Anthony J. Drexel Biddle on Poland’s al. Its multidimensionality can be seen in published papers and books situation in 1937-1939 on history, analyses of contemporary events, comparative studies, Memoirs Nasza Podróż (Our Journey) and the use of theoretical models to verify research results. by Ewelina Zaleska On the dispute over the status The Institute houses and participates in international research of the camp in occupied Konstantynów projects, symposia and conferences exploring key European questions and cooperates with many universities and academic research centres. The beginnings of the Polish administration in the Kłodzko region The US Consulate in Poznań (1946-1951) For more information visit www.iz.poznan.pl The issue of compensation for victims We are also on Facebook, LinkedIn and Scribd. of Nazi crimes living in Poland The Orthodox Church in Ukraine and Russia after 2013 Polish sport under the shadow of the swastika A propagandised image of Polish sport in the Polish Film Chronicle Polish candidates for and members of the International Olympic Committee tło 20 % czerni 2019 gD Quarterly Journal of the Institute for Western Affairs in Poznań Institute for Special Issue Western Affairs The publication of the English-language version of this issue of “Przegląd Zachodni” is financed under contract No. 642/P-DUN/2019 from resources of the Minister of Science and Higher Education allocated to science dissemination activities Table of Contents Political visions and historical scores 7 Janusz Józef Węc Prospects for the system reform of the European Union by 2025. Implications for Poland 33 Karol Janoś, Jacek Kubera Reform in the euro area. German reactions to proposals by France and the European Commission 49 Cezary Kościelniak Crisis or a search for a new formula for the Humboldtian university? 65 Władysław Pęksa Historical myth as a basis for restoration claims. Comments on Stanisław Hubert’s concept of postliminum in the context of the centenary of the end of the Great War and the emergence of new states in Central Europe 73 Dariusz Jeziorny A tarnished reputation? American press reports on anti-Jewish incidents in reborn Poland 97 Krzysztof Siwek Anthony J. Drexel Biddle on Poland’s international situation in 1937-1939 127 Kinga Czechowska, Krzysztof Kania September 1939 and the elites of the Second Polish Republic in the diary “Our Journey” by Ewelina Zaleska 147 Monika Jania-Szczechowiak On the dispute over the status and character of the camp in occupied Konstantynów near Łódź in 1940-1943 167 Krzysztof Łagojda The beginnings of the Polish administration in the Kłodzko Region after the end of the Second World War 187 Anna Szczepańska-Dudziak The US Consulate in Poznań in the shadow of Cold War rivalry (1946-1951) 203 Jan Barcz The 1989-1991 watershed in Polish-German relations and the issue of compensation for victims of Nazi crimes living in Poland (The agreement of 16 October 1991) 229 Katarzyna Jędraszczyk The Orthodox Church in Ukraine and Russia after 2013 in the face of political challenges, the Russian-Ukrainian conflict and questions about the limits of sovereignty 255 Ryszard Wryk Polish sport under the shadow of the swastika. A historiographic sketch 283 Tomasz Sikorski A propagandised image of Polish sport in the Polish Film Chronicle during the Stalinist period (1949-1956) 303 Artur Pasko The case of Polish candidates for and members of the International Olympic Committee during the communist era Political visions and historical scores Dear Readers of “Przegląd Zachodni”/”Western Review”, We place in your hands yet another special English-language edition of the journal of the Instytut Zachodni (Institute for Western Affaires). The translations presented in the volume are a selection of articles from the 2018 issues. Though like any anthology the selection is to a degree subjective, it reflects the interdis- ciplinary profile of the journal, in which studies on the present transformations in Europe are integrally linked to the study of the past. Systemic changes within the European Union and the reforms of the euro area continue to exert an impact on the world of politics and economy, engage citizens and influence their opinions. The attention given to these processes by scholars is a vital element of ongoing debates and crystallization of concepts. The dynamics of the surrounding reality is certain to topple many of the currently sketched out theses. But this does not mean that the voices of researchers will prove to be merely archival records – on the contrary, they are the building blocks of a difficult but fascinating process of European integration. Whether the voice of scholars is duly reflected in it also depends on the academic ethos and the formula of the university that meets modern needs. Year 2018 marked the centenary of the regaining of independence by Poland and was an inspiration for historians of the recent past. Selected articles recall the mean- ders of this challenging one hundred years in the history of Poland. The authors focus on specific issues, and yet lead the reader along a chronological path from the be- ginnings of Poland’s reborn statehood, through the growing tension of international relations in the 1930s to Ewelina Zaleska’s dramatic account of the first days of the 1939 war. The years of occupation, the beginning of post-war administration of the Recovered Territories or the Cold War fate of a US diplomatic post are shown from the perspective of the latest research based on the now accessible sources or discus- sions among the youngest generations of researchers. The breakthrough in Polish- German relations after 1989 was part of the change that transformed Europe; the painstaking laying of new legal foundations is recounted by a witness and participant in the diplomatic activities from thirty years ago. The arduous 20th century can also be glimpsed through the increasingly close interactions between sport and politics – only seemingly distant spheres of human activity. Finally, I would like to inform you that work on the next special edition of the “Western Review” in English is already underway. It will include a selection of articles from the 2019 issues. We invite you to read our journal! Natalia Jackowska PRZEGLĄD ZACHODNI 2019 JANUSZ JÓZEF WĘC Kraków PROSPECTS FOR THE SYSTEM REFORM OF THE EUROPEAN UNION BY 2025: IMPLICATIONS FOR POLAND INTRODUCTORY REMARKS This article examines prospects for the system reform of the European Union (EU) by 2025. The first section describes five scenarios found in the European Com- mission White Paper of 1 March 2017, as well as five Reflection Papers that resulted from it. The second section contains an analysis of the speech on the state of the EU given by European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker on 13 September 2017 in the European Parliament. The third section is devoted to an evaluation of the White Paper and Juncker’s speech on the state of the EU from a Polish perspective. In the fourth section conclusions and recommendations for Poland are formulated.1 SCENARIOS FOR THE FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF THE EU IN LIGHT OF THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION’S WHITE PAPER AND REFLECTION PAPERS The White Paper of 1 March 2017 On 1 March 2017, the European Commission published a White Paper on the future of Europe.2 It contained five scenarios for the further development of the EU by 2025. The first of these assumed the continuation of the current programme of reform within the political guidelines of the European Commission, “A new start for Europe” dated 15 July 2014, as well as the Bratislava Declaration accepted on 16 September 2016 by the heads of state or government of EU Member States.3 This means, among other things, a strengthening of the Common Market including the energy and digital 1 This article was written as part of the project from the Jean Monnet Chair, EUCRIS: European Union in Crisis: What is Wrong and How to Fix It? The grant was awarded by the European Union (EU). 2 The presentation of this document was announced by the European Commission President Jean- Claude Juncker on 14 September 2016 during his address on the state of the EU; cf. European Commis- sion, State of the Union 2016 message: towards a better Europe – a Europe that protects, strengthens and defends, Strasbourg, 14 September 2016, Speech/16/3043, p. 2. 3 An informal meeting of 27 heads of state or government. The Bratislava Declaration, 16 September 2016, pp. 1–6. 8 Janusz Józef Węc technology sectors, gradual progress in improving the functioning of the euro area, strengthening cooperation in managing the external borders of the EU and building a common European system of asylum, as well as more intensive cooperation in the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP).4 The second scenario foresaw further development of the common market only in the areas of the movement of goods and capital, without fully guaranteed free movement of services and labour.
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