1 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY BOOKS and SCHOLARLY ARTICLES 1. “Origins of the 'J' Passport,”

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

1 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY BOOKS and SCHOLARLY ARTICLES 1. “Origins of the 'J' Passport,” In Re HOLOCAUST VICTIM ASSETS LITIGATION (Swiss Banks) SPECIAL MASTER’S PROPOSAL, September 11, 2000 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY BOOKS AND SCHOLARLY ARTICLES 1. “Origins of the ‘J’ Passport,” 8 Weiner Library Bulletin, No. 3-4 (1954). 2. “Swiss Jews in Occupied Europe,” 18 Weiner Library Bulletin, No. 4 (October 1964). 3. “Swiss Refugee Policy, 1933-45,” 12 Weiner Library Bulletin, Nos. 1-2 (1958). 4. “Swiss Rescue Efforts in 1944,” 16 Weiner Library Bulletin, No. 2, (April 1962). 5. Abella, Irving and Harold Troper, None is Too Many: Canada and the Jews of Europe, 1933-1948 (New York: Random House, 1982). 6. Acheson, Dean, Present at the Creation: My Years at the State Department (New York: W. W. Norton, 1969). 7. Adler-Rudel, Salomon, “The Evian Conference on the Refugee Question,” 8 Leo Baeck Institute Year Book (1968). 8. Allen, Keith, Unpublished Manuscript. (Copy on file with Special Master). 9. Allen, Keith, “Swiss Subsidiaries of German Firms,” Unpublished Research. (Copy on file with Special Master). 10. Altshuler, Mordechai, “Escape and Evacuation of Soviet Jews at the Time of the Nazi Invasion Policies and Realties,” in Lucjan Dobroszycki and Jeffrey S. Gurock, eds., The Holocaust in the Soviet Union: Studies and Sources on the Destruction of the Jews in the Nazi-Occupied Territories of the USSR, 1941-1945 (Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 1993). 11. Altshuler, Mordechai, “The Unique Features of the Holocaust in the Soviet Union,” in Yaacov R’oi, ed., Jews and Jewish Life in Russia and the Soviet Union (London: Frank Cass, 1995). 12. Aly, Gotz and Susanne Heim, “The Economics of the Final Solution: A Case Study from the General Government,” in 5 Simon Wiesenthal Center Annual (1988). 13. Aly, Gotz, “‘Jewish Resettlement:’ Reflections on the Political Prehistory of the Holocaust,” in Ulrich Herbert, ed., National Socialist Extermination Policies, (New York: Berghahn Books, 2000). 14. Arad, Yitzhak, “Soviet Jews in the War Against Nazi Germany,” 23 Yad Vashem Studies (Aharon Weiss, ed., Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 1993) at 83. R&O-698622.1 1 In Re HOLOCAUST VICTIM ASSETS LITIGATION (Swiss Banks) SPECIAL MASTER’S PROPOSAL, September 11, 2000 15. Arad, Yitzhak, “The ‘Final Solution’ in Lithuania in the Light of German Documentation,” 11 Yad Vashem Studies (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 1976). 16. Arad, Yitzhak, “The Holocaust of Soviet Jewry in the Occupied Territories of the Soviet Union,” 21 Yad Vashem Studies (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem,1991). 17. Arad, Yitzhak, Treblinka, Sobibor, Belzec: The Operation Reinhard Death Camps, (Bloomington: Indiana University. Press, 1987). 18. Bajohr, Frank, “The Beneficiaries of ‘Aryanization’: Hamburg as a Case Study,” 26 Yad Vashem Studies (David Silberklang, ed., Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 1998). 19. Ball-Kaduri, K.J., “Berlin is Purged of its Jews: The Jews in Berlin in the Year 1943,” 5 Yad Vashem Studies (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem 1963). 20. Barkai, Avraham, “Between East and West, Jews from Germany in the Lodz Ghetto,” 16 Yad Vashem Studies (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 1984). 21. Barkai, Avraham, “German Entrepreneurs and Jewish Policy in the Third Reich,” 21 Yad Vashem Studies (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem,1991). 22. Barkai, Avraham, “German-Speaking Jews in Eastern European Ghettos,” 34 Leo Baeck Institute Year Book (1989). 23. Barkai, Avraham, From Boycott to Annihilation: The Economic Struggle of German Jews 1933-1943, (William Templer, trans., London: University Press of New England, 1989). 24. Baron, Salo W., Population, in 13 Encyclopedia Judaica (Jerusalem: Encyclopedia Judaica 1972). 25. Barzel, Neima, “Dignity, Hatred and Memory – Reparations from Germany: The Debates in the 1950’s,” 24 Yad Vashem Studies (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 1994). 26. Bauer, Dr. Thomas, “The Search for Dormant Accounts – Publication – Filing of Claims – Third Party Information,” in Claims Resolution Process on Dormant Accounts in Switzerland. 27. Bauer, Yehuda, “Gypsies,” in Yisrael Gutman and Michael Berenbaum, eds., Anatomy of the Auschwitz Death Camp, (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1994). 28. Bauer, Yehuda, “The Death-Marches January-May, 1945,” 3 Modern Judaism (February 1983). 29. Bauer, Yehuda, A History of the Holocaust (New York: Franklin Watts, 1982). R&O-698622.1 2 In Re HOLOCAUST VICTIM ASSETS LITIGATION (Swiss Banks) SPECIAL MASTER’S PROPOSAL, September 11, 2000 30. Bauer, Yehuda, American Jewry and the Holocaust: The American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, 1939-1945 (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1981). 31. Bauer, Yehuda, My Brother’s Keeper: A History of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, 1929-1939 (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1974). 32. Bazyler, Michael J., “Nuremberg in America: Litigating the Holocaust in United States Courts,” 33 University of Richmond Law Review (2000). 33. Beker, Avi, Jewish Communities of the World 1998-1999 (Minneapolis: Lerner Publications, 1998). 34. Bellon, Bernard P., Mercedes in Peace and War: German Automobile Workers, 1903- 1945 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1990). 35. Bender, Sarah and Teresa Prekerowa, “Bialystok,” Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, (New York: Macmillan, 1990), 210-14. 36. Ben-Itto, Judge Hadassa. “Introductory Remarks to the Panel on Jurisdiction of the CRT and Different Types of Procedures,” Claims Resolution Process on Dormant Accounts in Switzerland. 37. Bentwich, Norman, “Nazi Spoliation and German Restitution,” 10 Leo Baeck Institute Yearbook, (1965). 38. Berman, Harvey P., “The Agent Orange Veteran Payment Program,” 53 Law and Contemporary Problems No. 4 (“Claims Resolution Facilities and the Mass Settlement of Mass Torts”), (Autumn 1990). 39. Biesold, Horst, Crying Hands: Eugenics and Deaf People of Nazi Germany (Washington, D.C.: Gallaudet University Press, 1999) (Introduction by Henry Friedlander). 40. Black, Peter, “Forced Labor in the Concentration Camps,” in Michael Berenbaum, ed., A Mosaic of Victims: Non-Jews Persecuted and Murdered by the Nazis, (New York and London: New York Univ. Press, 1990). 41. Blau, Bruno, “The Last Days of German Jewry in the Third Reich,” 8 YIVO Annual of Jewish Social Science (1953). 42. Bleuel, Hans, P., Sex and Society in Nazi Germany, (Heinrich Fraenkel ed., Maxwell Brownjohn, trans., Philadelphia: Lippincott 1973). 43. Borkin, Joseph, The Crime and Punishment of IG Farben, (New York: Free Press, 1978). R&O-698622.1 3 In Re HOLOCAUST VICTIM ASSETS LITIGATION (Swiss Banks) SPECIAL MASTER’S PROPOSAL, September 11, 2000 44. Bourgeois, Daniel, “Operation ‘Barbarossa’ and Switzerland,” in Bernd Wegner, eds., From Peace to War: Germany, Soviet Russia and the World, 1939-1941, (Providence: Berghahn Books, 1997). 45. Braham, Randolph L., "Hungary," in David S. Wyman, ed., The World Reacts to the Holocaust (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996). 46. Braham, Randolph L., “’Munkaszolgalat’ (Hungarian Labor Service),” Encyclopedia of the Holocaust (New York: Macmillan,1990) 1007-09. 47. Braham, Randolph L., The Politics of Genocide: The Holocaust in Hungary, 2 vols. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1981). 48. Breitman, Richard and Alan Kraut, American Refugee Policy and European Jewry: 1933- 1945 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1987). 49. Breitman, Richard, The Architect of Genocide: Himmler and the Final Solution (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1991). 50. Broggini, Renata, La Frontiera Della Speranza Gli ebrei dall’italia verso la Svizzera 1943-1945 (“The Frontier of Jewish Hope Against Switzerland”) (Milan: Mondadori 1995). 51. Broszat, Martin, “History of the Concentration Camps,” in Helmut Krausnick, et. al., eds., Anatomy of the SS-State, (New York: Walker, 1968). 52. Browning, Christopher R., “German Technocrats, Jewish Labor, and the Final Solution: A Reply to Gotz Aly and Susanne Heim,” in Christopher R. Browning, The Path to Genocide: Essays on Launching the Final Solution, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992). 53. Browning, Christopher R., “Germans and Serbs: The Emergence of Nazi Antipartisan Policies in 1941,” in Michael Berenbaum, ed., A Mosaic of Victims: Non-Jews Persecuted and Murdered by the Nazis, (New York: New York University Press, 1990). 54. Browning, Christopher R., Nazi Policy, Jewish Workers, German Killers, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000). 55. Browning, Christopher R., Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland (New York: Harper Collins, 1992). 56. Büchler, Yehoshua R., “Buchenwald,” Encyclopedia of the Holocaust (New York: Macmillan, 1990), 254-56. R&O-698622.1 4 In Re HOLOCAUST VICTIM ASSETS LITIGATION (Swiss Banks) SPECIAL MASTER’S PROPOSAL, September 11, 2000 57. Bundesarchiv (Federal Archives), The Whereabouts of the Records of the Deutsche Reichsbank: A Research Report compiled by the Bundesarchiv with the assistance of the Deutsche Bundesbank (F 2 Historical Archives) R 4- 2850/18 (August 1998). 58. Burleigh, Michael and Wolfgang Wippermann, The Racial State: Germany 1933-1945 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1991). 59. Catalogue of Camps and Prisons in Germany and German-Occupied Territories, Sept.1 1939 – May 8, 1945 (International Tracing Service, Arolsen, Germany). 60. Cesarani, David, “Jewish Victims of the Holocaust and Swiss Banks,” 11 Dimensions: A Journal of Holocaust Studies, No. 1 (1997). 61. Chary, Frederick B., "Bulgaria," in David S. Wyman, ed., The World Reacts to the Holocaust (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996). 62. Conway, John S., “Between Cross and Swastika: The Position of German Catholicism,” in Michael Berenbaum, ed., A Mosaic
Recommended publications
  • Jewish Resistance During the Holocaust FALL 2020 Time/Location: ONLINE (LIVE on ZOOOM Via Mycourses) Mondays: 5:00-7:30PM (Two Tuesdays: 9/29; 10/13) Instructor: Dr
    Posted 8/31/20 UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS, DARTMOUTH Syllabus Seminar: European History: HST 521/402 Jewish Resistance During the Holocaust FALL 2020 Time/Location: ONLINE (LIVE ON ZOOOM via MyCourses) Mondays: 5:00-7:30PM (Two Tuesdays: 9/29; 10/13) Instructor: Dr. Ilana F. Offenberger Office Hours: By appointment online via MyCourses Telephone – 978 590 9961/ Email: [email protected] Course Description: Did Jews resist during the Holocaust? When, where, why, and/or why not? This seminar will deepen our understanding of Jewish resistance during the Holocaust and explore what it meant for Jews to resist. We will begin with an overview of resistance and then turn to three focus points, followed by students’ individual research and presentations. Both armed and unarmed resistance will be discussed and analyzed throughout this course. As a class we will investigate: 1. Non-Confrontational Resistance and Confrontational Non-Violence (also referred to as spiritual or cultural resistance) in the Ghettos (with a focus on the Warsaw Ghetto, documentation through the Oneg Shabbos Archive, and artwork/literature produced in the Theresienstadt concentration camp in former Czechoslovakia); 2. Armed/Violent Resistance in the form of a planned attack, focused on the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising in 1943; and 3. Armed/Violent Resistance in the form of partisan action, concentrated on the Bielski Group in Belarus. Philosophy, Course Goals,and Objectives This is not a lecture course. Beyond an introductory lecture or two, the (online) classroom experience will revolve around the discussion and analysis of assigned reading materials. You must come to class prepared by doing the readings and taking notes; the instructor will direct as much as participate in the discussion sessions but it is expected that you, individually and collectively with others, will drive the dialogue.
    [Show full text]
  • The Following Entry Is Taken from the Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman (Ed.), New York: Macmillan, 1990
    Koch, Erich (1896-1986), Nazi party functionary and governor of occupied territories. Born into a working family in Elberfeld, in the Rhineland, Koch graduated from a commercial secondary school and became a railway clerk. In World War I he served as a private, and when the war was over he fought in the ranks of the Freikorps - irregular volunteer units - against the French. Koch was among the first to join the Nazi party (his membership card was No. 90). In 1928 he was appointed Gauleiter of East Prussia, and in 1930 was elected as one of East Prussia's Reichstag deputies. When the Nazis came to power he also became the Oberprasident (governor) of the region. In 1941 Koch was appointed Reichskommissar of the Ukraine and governor of the Bialystok district over the objections of Alfred rosenberg, the minister of occupied territories in the east, who wanted exclusive jurisdiction in the area. Through these appointments Koch came to govern extensive territories, ranging from Konigsberg on the Baltic to the shores of the Black Sea. His treatment of the inhabitants of these territories was exceedingly harsh and cruel; his aim was to implement the ideas of Hitler and Himmler regarding the total subjugation of the Slav peoples. Koch frequently went over Rosenberg's head, although Rosenberg was nominally his superior. After the war, Koch lived for several years in Schleswig-Holstein, under an assumed name. He was arrested by the British occupation forces and extradited to Poland in 1950. In 1959 he was put on trial in Warsaw, and on March 9 of that year was sentenced to death by hanging.
    [Show full text]
  • Simplified WWII Timeline
    ~ Belz Museum of Asian and Judaic Art ~ Holocaust Memorial Gallery ~ Simplified World War II Timeline 1933 JANUARY 30, 1933 German President Paul von Hindenburg appointed Adolf Hitler chancellor. At the time, Hitler was leader of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nazi party). FEBRUARY 27-28, 1933 The German parliament (Reichstag) building burned down under mysterious circumstances. The government treated it as an act of terrorism. FEBRUARY 28, 1933 Hitler convinced President von Hindenburg to invoke an emergency clause in the Weimar Constitution. The German parliament then passed the Decree of the Reich President for the Protection of Nation (Volk) and State, popularly known as the Reichstag Fire Decree, the decree suspended the civil rights provisions in the existing German constitution, including freedom of speech, assembly, and press, and formed the basis for the incarceration of potential opponents of the Nazis without benefit of trial or judicial proceeding. MARCH 22, 1933 The SS (Schutzstaffel), Hitler's “elite guard,” established a concentration camp outside the town of Dachau, Germany, for political opponents of the regime. It was the only concentration camp to remain in operation from 1933 until 1945. By 1934, the SS had taken over administration of the entire Nazi concentration camp system. MARCH 23, 1933 The German parliament passed the Enabling Act, which empowered Hitler to establish a dictatorship in Germany. APRIL 1, 1933 The Nazis organized a nationwide boycott of Jewish-owned businesses in Germany. Many local boycotts continued throughout much of the 1930s. APRIL 7, 1933 The Nazi government passed the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service, which excluded Jews and political opponents from university and governmental positions.
    [Show full text]
  • Operation Reinhard: Death Camps What’S Included
    World War Two Tours Operation Reinhard: Death Camps What’s included: Hotel Bed & Breakfast All transport from the official overseas start point Accompanied for the trip duration All Museum entrances All Expert Talks & Guidance Low Group Numbers “Amazing time, one of those ‘once in a life time trips’. WelI organised, very interesting and thoroughly enjoyable. I would recommend the trip to any enthusiast.” Operation Reinhard (German: Aktion Reinhard or Einsatz Reinhard) was the code name given to the Nazi plan to murder Polish Jews in the General Government, and marked the most deadly phase of the Holocaust, the use of extermination camps. During the operation, as many as two Military History Tours is all about the ‘experience’. Naturally we take million people were murdered in Bełżec, Sobibor and Treblinka, almost all of whom were Jews. care of all local accommodation, transport and entrances but what By 1942, the Nazis had decided to undertake the Final Solution. sets us aside is our on the ground knowledge and contacts, established This led to the establishment of camps such as Bełżec, over many, many years that enable you to really get under the surface of Sobibor and Treblinka which had the express purpose of killing your chosen subject matter. thousands of people quickly and efficiently. These sites differed By guiding guests around these from those such as Auschwitz-Birkenau and Majdanek because historic locations we feel we are contributing greatly towards ‘keeping they also operated as forced-labour camps, these were purely the spirit alive’ of some of the most killing factories. The organizational apparatus behind the memorable events in human history.
    [Show full text]
  • Using Diaries to Understand the Final Solution in Poland
    Miranda Walston Witnessing Extermination: Using Diaries to Understand the Final Solution in Poland Honours Thesis By: Miranda Walston Supervisor: Dr. Lauren Rossi 1 Miranda Walston Introduction The Holocaust spanned multiple years and states, occurring in both German-occupied countries and those of their collaborators. But in no one state were the actions of the Holocaust felt more intensely than in Poland. It was in Poland that the Nazis constructed and ran their four death camps– Treblinka, Sobibor, Chelmno, and Belzec – and created combination camps that both concentrated people for labour, and exterminated them – Auschwitz and Majdanek.1 Chelmno was the first of the death camps, established in 1941, while Treblinka, Sobibor, and Belzec were created during Operation Reinhard in 1942.2 In Poland, the Nazis concentrated many of the Jews from countries they had conquered during the war. As the major killing centers of the “Final Solution” were located within Poland, when did people in Poland become aware of the level of death and destruction perpetrated by the Nazi regime? While scholars have attributed dates to the “Final Solution,” predominantly starting in 1942, when did the people of Poland notice the shift in the treatment of Jews from relocation towards physical elimination using gas chambers? Or did they remain unaware of such events? To answer these questions, I have researched the writings of various people who were in Poland at the time of the “Final Solution.” I am specifically addressing the information found in diaries and memoirs. Given language barriers, this thesis will focus only on diaries and memoirs that were written in English or later translated and published in English.3 This thesis addresses twenty diaries and memoirs from people who were living in Poland at the time of the “Final Solution.” Most of these diaries (fifteen of twenty) were written by members of the intelligentsia.
    [Show full text]
  • Guarding the Historical Record from the Nazi-Era Art Litigation Tumbling Toward the Supreme Court
    ESSAY GUARDING THE HISTORICAL RECORD FROM THE NAZI-ERA ART LITIGATION TUMBLING TOWARD THE SUPREME COURT † JENNIFER ANGLIM KREDER When the modern wave of claims against museums to recover paintings “displaced” during the Nazi era began, I, as an academic, approached the claims cautiously because I assumed that our es- teemed institutions would not have knowingly profited from the spoli- ation of property belonging to millions of persecuted refugees. I was wrong. I have come to understand, based on objective, historically sound records, that a significant number of our museums during and in the aftermath of the Holocaust actively acquired art that they knew or should have recognized likely came from Jewish homes and busi- nesses. These museums acquired this exquisite art despite widespread knowledge of Nazi looting and governmental warnings about the in- fection of the art market.1 Now, museums are using American courts to shut down inquiries into such art’s history by blocking claims on technical grounds,2 contrary to their own ethics guidelines3 and U.S. executive policy.4 † Jennifer Anglim Kreder is a Professor of Law at the Salmon P. Chase College of Law, Northern Kentucky University. She has been involved in Holocaust-era and art litigation since 1999 and currently serves as Co-Chair of the American Society of Inter- national Law Interest Group on Cultural Heritage and the Arts. 1 See Raymond J. Dowd, Federal Courts and Stolen Art: Our Duty to History, FED. LAW., July 2008, at 4, 4-6 (discussing a 1950 U.S. State Department bulletin on re- ports of stolen art).
    [Show full text]
  • GSI Newsletter May 2018
    [email protected] [email protected] www.genshoah.org Generations of the Shoah International Newsletter May 2018 Dear Members and Friends, Registration is now open for the intergenerational conference GSI is having in conjunction with the World Federation of Jewish Child Survivors of the Holocaust and Descendants. For dates and registration information please see the November 9th conference listing below. Generations of the Shoah International (GSI) Membership in our interactive leadership listserv is open to leaders / representatives of landsmanschaften and other Holocaust-related groups. If your local survivor, second generation or third generation group has not yet delegated a representative to join the GSI interactive online discussion / listserv group, please join us now. We already have dozens of members throughout the USA and from other countries. This global interactive listserv is the fastest way to reach the survivor community: [email protected]. For event submissions: www.genshoah.org/contact_gsi.html. Please fill out the information requested in the text areas and submit it to us at [email protected]. You must send us your information no later than the 23rd of the month if you wish for it to appear in the upcoming month’s issue. To search the newsletter by geographic area: Search by country for programs outside the USA or use the city and / or state abbreviations for those areas in the USA. All times listed below are local unless otherwise stated. Visit our GSI website at www.genshoah.org for updated information on new books, films, helpful links to Holocaust-related organizations and institutions, etc. Survivors, their children and grandchildren are welcome to post contact information for their local groups on our website.
    [Show full text]
  • 4. General Government Expenditures
    III. PUBLIC FINANCE AND ECONOMICS 4. General government expenditures Governments spend money to provide goods and services differences between countries. Between 2000 and 2009, the and redistribute income. Like government revenues, largest increases in government expenditures per person government expenditures reflect historical and current were recorded in Korea, Estonia and Ireland (over 6%) while political decisions but are also highly sensitive to economic in Austria, Italy, Japan and Switzerland the increases were developments. General government spending as a share of equal to or below 1%; and in Israel there was no change. GDP and per person provide an indication of the size of the government across countries. However, the large variation in these ratios highlights different approaches to delivering public goods and services and providing social protection, not necessarily differences in resources spent. For instance, Methodology and definitions if support is given via tax breaks rather than direct Government expenditures data are derived from the expenditures, expenditure/GDP ratios will naturally be OECD National Accounts Statistics, which are based on lower. In addition, it is important to note that the size of the System of National Accounts (SNA), a set of inter- expenditures does not reflect government efficiency or nationally agreed concepts, definitions, classifica- productivity. tions and rules for national accounting. In SNA Government expenditures represented 46% of GDP across terminology, general government consists of central, OECD member countries in 2009. In general, OECD-EU state and local governments and social security member countries have a higher ratio than other OECD funds. member countries. Denmark, Finland and France spend Gross domestic product (GDP) is the standard the most as a share of GDP, with government expenditures measure of the value of the goods and services equal to or above 56%, whereas Mexico, Chile, Korea and produced by a country during a period.
    [Show full text]
  • September / October
    AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR YAD VASHEM Vol. 46-No. 1 ISSN 0892-1571 September/October 2019-Tishri/Cheshvan 5780 “TWO ARE BETTER THAN ONE… AND A THREEFOLD CORD CANNOT QUICKLY BE BROKEN” n Sunday, November 17, 2019, the are leaders of numerous organizations, including membrance for their grandparents, and to rein- American Society for Yad Vashem AIPAC, WIZO, UJA, and American Friends of force their commitment to Yad Vashem so that will be honoring three generations of Rambam Hospital. the world will never forget. Oone family at our Annual Tribute Din- Jonathan and Sam Friedman have been ll three generations, including ner in New York City. The Gora-Sterling-Fried- deeply influenced by Mona, David and their ex- David’s three children — Ian and his man family reflects the theme of this year’s traordinary grandparents, Jack and Paula. Grow- wife Laura, Jeremy and his wife Tribute Dinner, which comes from Kohelet. “Two ing up, they both heard Jack tell his story of AMorgan, and Melissa — live in the are better than one… and a threefold cord can- survival and resilience at the Yom HaShoah pro- greater New York City area. They gather often, not quickly be broken” (4:9-12). All three gener- ations are proud supporters of Yad Vashem and are deeply committed to the mission of Holo- caust remembrance and education. Paula and Jack Gora will receive the ASYV Remembrance Award, Mona and David Sterling will receive the ASYV Achievement Award, and Samantha and Jonathan Friedman and Paz and Sam Friedman will receive the ASYV Young Leadership Award.
    [Show full text]
  • Krakow HISTORY
    Krakow HISTORY The first documented reference to Krakow can be found in records from 965 of the Cordova merchant Abraham ben Jacob. He mentions a rich burg city situated at the crossing of trade routes and surrounded by woods. In the 10th century Mieszko I incorporated Krakow into the Polish state. During the times of Boleslaw the Brave, the bishopric of Krakow was established (1000) and the construction of Wawel Cathedral began. In 1038, Casimir I the Restorer made Wawel Castle its seat, thus making Krakow the capital of Poland. The high duke Boleslav V the Chaste following the example of Wrocław, introduced city rights modelled on the Magdeburg law allowing for tax benefits and new trade privileges for the citizens in 1257. In the 15th century, Krakow became the center of lively cultural, artistic, and scientific development. Photo: A fragment of colourful woodcut depicting Krakow. Source: https://www.muzeumkrakowa.pl The 17th and 18th centuries were a period of a gradual decline of the city's importance. Due to the first partition of Poland in 1772, the southern part of Little Poland was seized by the Austrian army. On March 24, 1794 Kościuszko's Insurrection began in Krakow. Temporarily included into the Warsaw Duchy, it was given the status of a "free city" after Napoleon's downfall. After the defeat of the November Insurrection (1831), Krakow preserved its autonomy as the only intact part of Poland. In 1846, it was absorbed into the Austrian Monarchy again. After independence was regained in 1918, Krakow became a significant administrative and cultural center.
    [Show full text]
  • Holocaust Myths and Misconceptions
    Holocaust Myths and Misconceptions 1. German Jews were a large proportion of Germany’s population. a. In 1933, approximately 9.5 million Jews lived in Europe, comprising 1.7% of the total European population. This number represented more than 60 percent of the world’s Jewish population at that time, estimated at 15.3 million. Of these, the largest Jewish community was in Poland – about 3,250,000 Jews or 9.8% of the Polish population. Germany’s approximately 565,000 Jews made up only 0.8% of its population. 2. Killing Jews was on Hitler and the Nazi Party’s agenda from the beginning. a. Plans to murder Europe’s Jews began when forced immigration out of German territory was no longer a viable goal. In part because German territory kept expanding into areas that contained millions of Jews. The authorization for the “Final Solution” began in July 1941 and was finally ratified in January 1942. 3. The Nazis system of concentration camps consisted of about 10,000 camps. a. From 1933-1945 over 44,000 camps existed across occupied Europe. 4. Most concentration camps had a gas chamber and crematoria. a. Only six camps were designated as systematic killing centers. Camps equipped with gassing facilities, for mass murder of Jews included Auschwitz-Birkenau, Belzec, Chelmno, Majdanek, Sobibor, and Treblinka. Industrial scale crematoria only existed at Auschwitz-Birkenau and only after 1943. Up to 2,700,000 Jews were murdered at these camps, as were tens of thousands of Gypsies, Soviet prisoners of war, Poles, and others. 5. All Jews in camps received tattoo numbers on their arms.
    [Show full text]
  • Peter Black Odilo Globocnik, Nazi Eastern Policy, and the Implementation of the Final Solution
    www.doew.at – Dokumentationsarchiv des österreichischen Widerstandes (Hrsg.), Forschungen zum Natio- nalsozialismus und dessen Nachwirkungen in Österreich. Festschrift für Brigitte Bailer, Wien 2012 91 Peter Black Odilo Globocnik, Nazi Eastern Policy, and the Implementation of the Final Solution During the spring of 1943, while on an inspection tour of occupied Poland that included a briefing on the annihilation of the Polish Jews, SS Personnel Main Office chief Maximilian von Herff characterized Lublin District SS and Police Leader and SS-Gruppenführer Odilo Globocnik, in the following way: “A man fully charged with all possible light and dark sides. Little concerned with ap- pearances, fanatically obsessed with the task, [he] engages himself to the limit without concern for health or superficial recognition. His energy drives him of- ten to breach existing boundaries and to forget the boundaries established for him within the [SS-] Order – not out of personal ambition, but much more for the sake of his obsession with the matter at hand. His success speaks unconditionally for him.”1 Von Herff’s analysis of Globocnik’s reflected a consistent pattern in the ca- reer of the Nazi Party organizer and SS officer, who characteristically atoned for his transgressions of the National Socialist code of behavior by fanatical pursuit and implementation of core Nazi goals.2 Globocnik was born to Austro-Croat parents on April 21, 1904 in multina- tional Trieste, then the principal seaport of the Habsburg Monarchy. His father’s family had come from Neumarkt (Tržič), in Slovenia. Franz Globocnik served as a Habsburg cavalry lieutenant and later a senior postal official; he died of pneumonia on December 1, 1919.
    [Show full text]