Criminals with Doctorates: an SS Officer in the Killing Fields of Russia
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Die Neufassung Des § 1A Bundesversorgungsgesetz (BVG): Streichung Von Kriegsopferrenten Für NS-Täter – Schlussbericht –
FORSCHUNGSBERICHT 472 Die Neufassung des § 1a Bundesversorgungsgesetz (BVG): Streichung von Kriegsopferrenten für NS-Täter – Schlussbericht – November 2016 ISSN 0174-4992 Die Neufassung des § 1a Bundesversorgungsgesetz (BVG): Streichung von Kriegsopferrenten für NS-Täter - Gründe für die geringe Zahl der Streichungen trotz der Vielzahl der vom Simon Wiesenthal Center übermittelten Daten - Ein Gemeinschaftsprojekt des Bundesministeriums für Arbeit und Soziales und des Simon Wiesenthal Centers Schlussbericht September 2016 2 Die Neufassung des § 1a Bundesversorgungsgesetz (BVG): Streichung von Kriegsopferrenten für NS-Täter - Gründe für die geringe Zahl der Streichungen trotz der Vielzahl der vom Simon Wiesenthal Center übermittelten Daten - Ein Gemeinschaftsprojekt des Bundesministeriums für Arbeit und Soziales und des Simon Wiesenthal Centers Schlussbericht Autoren: Dr. Stefan Klemp (Simon Wiesenthal Center) Martin Hölzl (Simon Wiesenthal Center) Ort: Bonn im September 2016 ISBN/ISSN: Auftraggeberschaft / Inhaltliche Verantwortung Erstellt im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Arbeit und Soziales. Die Durchführung der Untersuchungen sowie die Schlussfolgerungen aus den Unter- suchungen sind von den Auftragnehmern in eigener wissenschaftlicher Verantwor- tung vorgenommen worden. Das Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales über- nimmt insbesondere keine Gewähr für die Richtigkeit, Genauigkeit und Vollständig- keit der Untersuchungen. Copyright Alle Rechte einschließlich der fotomechanischen Wiedergabe und des auszugswei- sen Nachdrucks -
Guides to German Records Microfilmed at Alexandria, Va
GUIDES TO GERMAN RECORDS MICROFILMED AT ALEXANDRIA, VA. No. 32. Records of the Reich Leader of the SS and Chief of the German Police (Part I) The National Archives National Archives and Records Service General Services Administration Washington: 1961 This finding aid has been prepared by the National Archives as part of its program of facilitating the use of records in its custody. The microfilm described in this guide may be consulted at the National Archives, where it is identified as RG 242, Microfilm Publication T175. To order microfilm, write to the Publications Sales Branch (NEPS), National Archives and Records Service (GSA), Washington, DC 20408. Some of the papers reproduced on the microfilm referred to in this and other guides of the same series may have been of private origin. The fact of their seizure is not believed to divest their original owners of any literary property rights in them. Anyone, therefore, who publishes them in whole or in part without permission of their authors may be held liable for infringement of such literary property rights. Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 58-9982 AMERICA! HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION COMMITTEE fOR THE STUDY OP WAR DOCUMENTS GUIDES TO GERMAN RECOBDS MICROFILMED AT ALEXAM)RIA, VA. No* 32» Records of the Reich Leader of the SS aad Chief of the German Police (HeiehsMhrer SS und Chef der Deutschen Polizei) 1) THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION (AHA) COMMITTEE FOR THE STUDY OF WAE DOCUMENTS GUIDES TO GERMAN RECORDS MICROFILMED AT ALEXANDRIA, VA* This is part of a series of Guides prepared -
Die Polizei Im NS-Staat
INHALTSVERZEICHNIS VORWORT 9 EINLEITUNG 11 I. TEIL: POLIZEIBEGRIFF - POLIZEIRECHT 1. Der Polizeibegriff und seine Verwendung in der Neuzeit . 13 2. Rechtsgrundlagen für die Polizei 17 II. TEIL: DIE POLIZEI IN DER ENDPHASE DER WEIMARER REPUBLIK 1. Die Polizeibehörden in der Weimarer Republik 22 2. Die Situation der Polizei in der Schlußphase der Weimarer Republik 28 3. Der »Preußenschlag« und seine Auswirkung auf die preußische Polizei 32 III. TEIL: DER ZUGRIFF DER NATIONALSOZIALISTEN AUF DIE POLIZEI 1. Die Übernahme der Polizeigewalt durch die National- sozialisten 37 2. Die Verselbständigung der Politischen Polizei 40 3. Die Aufstellung von Formationen »zur Unterstützung« der Polizei 47 a) Hilfspolizei 47 b) »Polizeiabteilung Wecke z.b.V.« 48 c) Politische Bereitschaften 50 d) Das Feldjägerkorps 51 4. Die Verhängung von Schutzhaft und die Errichtung von Konzentrationslagern 53 5. Die Übernahme der Polizeihoheit durch das Reich 60 6. Die »Gleichschaltung« der polizeilichen Interessen- verbände 63 7. Die Militarisierung der Schutzpolizei und ihre Überführung in die Wehrmacht 65 8. NS-Propaganda: »Die Polizei - Dein Freund und Helfer« 70 Inhaltsverzeichnis IV. TEIL: DIE »VERREICHLICHUNG« DER POLIZEI UND IHRE VERSCHMELZUNG MIT DER SS P . j 1. Die Vorbereitung der »Verreichlichung« der Polizei 73 ") 2. Die Ernennung des Reichsführers-SS zum Chef der 1_ Deutschen Polizei im Reichsministerium des Innern 74 3. Die Neuordnung der Sicherheitspolizei 78 a) Der Ausbau der Geheimen Staatspolizei 78 b) Die Einsetzung von Inspekteuren der Sicherheitspolizei 79 c) Die Neuordnung der Kriminalpolizei 81 4. Die Entwicklung der Ordnungspolizei und der Gendarmerie 83 a) Die Kommandostruktur des Hauptamtes Ordnungspolizei 83 b) Die Einsetzung von Inspekteuren der Ordnungs- polizei 84 c) Die Schutzpolizei 85 d) Die Umgestaltung der Landjägerei 86 5. -
The Truth of the Capture of Adolf Eichmann (Pdf)
6/28/2020 The Truth of the Capture of Adolf Eichmann » Mosaic THE TRUTH OF THE CAPTURE OF ADOLF EICHMANN https://mosaicmagazine.com/essay/history-ideas/2020/06/the-truth-of-the-capture-of-adolf-eichmann/ Sixty years ago, the infamous Nazi official was abducted in Argentina and brought to Israel. What really happened, what did Hollywood make up, and why? June 1, 2020 | Martin Kramer About the author: Martin Kramer teaches Middle Eastern history and served as founding president at Shalem College in Jerusalem, and is the Koret distinguished fellow at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy. Listen to this essay: Adolf Eichmann’s Argentinian ID, under the alias Ricardo Klement, found on him the night of his abduction. Yad Vashem. THE MOSAIC MONTHLY ESSAY • EPISODE 2 June: The Truth of the Capture of Adolf Eichmann 1x 00:00|60:58 Sixty years ago last month, on the evening of May 23, 1960, the Israeli prime minister David Ben-Gurion made a brief but dramatic announcement to a hastily-summoned session of the Knesset in Jerusalem: A short time ago, Israeli security services found one of the greatest of the Nazi war criminals, Adolf Eichmann, who was responsible, together with the Nazi leaders, for what they called “the final solution” of the Jewish question, that is, the extermination of six million of the Jews of Europe. Eichmann is already under arrest in Israel and will shortly be placed on trial in Israel under the terms of the law for the trial of Nazis and their collaborators. In the cabinet meeting immediately preceding this announcement, Ben-Gurion’s ministers had expressed their astonishment and curiosity. -
Special Motivation - the Motivation and Actions of the Einsatzgruppen by Walter S
Special Motivation - The Motivation and Actions of the Einsatzgruppen by Walter S. Zapotoczny "...Then, stark naked, they had to run down more steps to an underground corridor that Led back up the ramp, where the gas van awaited them." Franz Schalling Einsatzgruppen policeman Like every historical event, the Holocaust evokes certain specific images. When mentioning the Holocaust, most people think of the concentration camps. They immediately envision emaciated victims in dirty striped uniforms staring incomprehensibly at their liberators or piles of corpses, too numerous to bury individually, bulldozed into mass graves. While those are accurate images, they are merely the product of the systematization of the genocide committed by the Third Reich. The reality of that genocide began not in the camps or in the gas chambers but with four small groups of murderers known as the Einsatzgruppen. Formed by Heinrich Himmler, Reichsfuhrer-SS, and Reinhard Heydrich, head of the Reich Security Main Office (RSHA), they operated in the territories captured by the German armies with the cooperation of German army units (Wehrmacht ) and local militias. By the spring of 1943, when the Germans began their retreat from Soviet territory, the Einsatzgruppen had murdered 1.25 million Jews and hundreds of thousands of Polish, Lithuanian, Latvian, Estonian and Soviet nationals, including prisoners of war. The Einsatzgruppen massacres preceded the invention of the death camps and significantly influenced their development. The Einsatzgruppen story offers insight into a fundamental Holocaust question of what made it possible for men, some of them ordinary men, to kill so many people so ruthlessly. The members of the Einsatzgruppen had developed a special motivation to kill. -
From Nuremberg to Now: Benjamin Ferencz's
“Are you going to help me save the world?” From Nuremberg to Now: Benjamin Ferencz’s Lifelong Stand for “Law. Not War.” Creed King and Kate Powell Senior Division Group Exhibit Student-composed Words: 493 Process Paper: 500 words Process Paper Who took a stand for the Jews after World War II? Pondering this compelling question, we stumbled upon the story of Benjamin Ferencz. As a young lawyer, Ferencz convinced fellow attorneys at the Nuremberg Trials to prosecute the Einsatzgruppen, Hitler’s roving extermination squads, in the “biggest murder trial of the century” (Tusa). Ferencz convicted all twenty-two defendants, then parlayed his Nuremberg experience into a lifelong stand for world peace through the application of law. Our discovery that Ferencz, at age ninety-seven, is the last living Nuremberg prosecutor – and living in our home state – led to a remarkable interview. We began by researching primary sources such as oral histories and evidence gathered after the war by the War Crimes Branch of the US Army and compared these to personal accounts archived by the Florida State University Institute on World War II. Reading memos and logbooks kept by the Nazis helped us understand the significance of Ferencz’s stand at Nuremberg. Ferencz’s papers provided interviews, photographs, and documents to corroborate historical data and underscore his lifelong advocacy for peace. For a firsthand perspective, we conducted several personal interviews. Talking with Ferencz about his transformation from prosecutor to modern activist for world peace and Zelda Fuksman on surviving the Holocaust and her perspective on the Nuremberg Trials were two crucial pieces of research. -
Clemency in a Nazi War Crimes Trial By: Allison Ernest
Evading the Hangman’s Noose: Clemency in a Nazi War Crimes Trial By: Allison Ernest Ernest 2 Contents Introduction: The Foundations for a War Crimes Trial Program 3 Background and Historiography 10 Chapter 1: Investigations into Other Trials Erode the United States’ Resolve 17 Chapter 2: The Onset of Trial Fatigue Due to Public Outcry 25 Chapter 3: High Commissioner McCloy Authorizes Sentence Reviews 38 Chapter 4: McCloy and the United States Set the War Criminals Free 45 Conclusion: A Lesson to be Learned 52 Chart: A Complicated Timeline Simplified 57 Bibliography 58 Ernest 3 Introduction: The Foundations for a War Crimes Trial Program “There is a supervening affirmative duty to prosecute the doers of serious offenses that falls on those who are empowered to do so on behalf of a civilized community. This duty corresponds to our fundamental rights as citizens and as persons to receive and give respect to each other in view of our possession of such rights.” Such duty, outlined by contemporary philosopher Alan S. Rosenbaum, was no better exemplified than in the case of Nazi war criminals in the aftermath of World War II. Even before the floundering Axis powers of Germany and Japan declared their respective official surrenders in 1945, the leaders of the Allies prepared possible courses of action for the surviving criminals in the inevitable collapse of the Nazi regime. Since the beginning of the war in 1939, the Nazi regime in Germany implemented a policy of waging a war so barbaric in its execution that the total numbers of casualties rivaled whole populations of countries. -
Roma and Sinti Under-Studied Victims of Nazism
UNITED STATES HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL MUSEUM CENTER FOR ADVANCED HOLOCAUST STUDIES Roma and Sinti Under-Studied Victims of Nazism Symposium Proceedings W A S H I N G T O N , D. C. Roma and Sinti Under-Studied Victims of Nazism Symposium Proceedings CENTER FOR ADVANCED HOLOCAUST STUDIES UNITED STATES HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL MUSEUM 2002 The assertions, opinions, and conclusions in this occasional paper are those of the authors. They do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Holocaust Memorial Council or of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Third printing, July 2004 Copyright © 2002 by Ian Hancock, assigned to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Copyright © 2002 by Michael Zimmermann, assigned to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Copyright © 2002 by Guenter Lewy, assigned to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Copyright © 2002 by Mark Biondich, assigned to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Copyright © 2002 by Denis Peschanski, assigned to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Copyright © 2002 by Viorel Achim, assigned to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Copyright © 2002 by David M. Crowe, assigned to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Contents Foreword .....................................................................................................................................i Paul A. Shapiro and Robert M. Ehrenreich Romani Americans (“Gypsies”).......................................................................................................1 Ian -
Babi Yar - Nazi Massacre
Babi Yar - Nazi Massacre WARNING: SCENES IN THIS CLIP - FROM "WAR AND REMEMBRANCE" - ARE RECREATED EVENTS ABOUT THE BABI YAR MASSACRE IN UKRAINE (AMONG OTHER ATROCITIES). PROCEED WITH EXTREME CAUTION. In September of 1941, thousands of Jewish people were living in (and near) the city of Kiev (in Ukraine). The Nazis made a decision to kill those people during their invasion of the Soviet Union. Historians believe the most-documented of the Ukaine atrocities, committed by the Nazis, happened at a ravine known as Babi Yar in the city of Kiev. Sometime around the 26th of September, 1941, an order was posted in Kiev. Its English translation (containing offensive words) is roughly as follows: Yids [Jews] of the city of Kiev and vicinity! On Monday, September 29, you are to appear by 08:00 a.m. with your possessions, money, documents, valuables, and warm clothing at Dorogozhitskaya Street, next to the Jewish cemetery. Failure to appear is punishable by death. People thought this was a resettlement order, and they obeyed it. Instead, about 33,771 Jewish people lost their lives in a single massacre between September 29-30, 1941. Thousands of other people were also executed at the Babi Yar ravine. A monument, located about one mile from the ravine, commemorates the murders of "over 100,000 citizens of Kiev and prisoners of war." This clip - from "War and Remembrance," a critically acclaimed, award-winning mini-series by Dan Curtis - references/recreates those events. Note that Paul Blobel - a key SS Colonel in this clip who was responsible for the Babi-Yar massacre and later spearheaded efforts to eliminate evidence of Nazi atrocities - was later a defendant in the Nuremberg war- crimes trial. -
Kristallnacht- the Night of Broken Glass
Kristallnacht- The Night of Broken Glass From “America and the Holocaust”a film by American Experience On the night of November 9, 1938, the sounds of breaking glass shattered the air in cities throughout Germany while fires across the country devoured synagogues and Jewish institutions. By the end of the rampage, gangs of Nazi storm troopers had destroyed 7,000 Jewish businesses, set fire to more than 900 synagogues, killed 91 Jews and deported some 30,000 Jewish men to concentration camps. In a report back to the State Department a few days later, a U.S official in Leipzig described what he saw of the atrocities. "Having demolished dwellings and hurled most of the moveable effects to the streets," he wrote, "the insatiably sadistic perpetrators threw many of the trembling inmates into a small stream that flows through the zoological park, commanding horrified spectators to spit at them, defile them with mud and jeer at their plight." An incident several days earlier had given the Nazi authorities an excuse to instigate the violence. On November 7th, a 17-year-old Polish Jewish student named Hershel Grynszpan had shot Ernst vom Rath, the Third Secretary of the German Embassy in Paris. Grynszpan, enraged by the deportation of his parents to Poland from Hanover, Germany, where they had lived since 1914, hoped that his dramatic action would alert the world to the ominous plight of Europe's Jews. When the French police arrested Grynszpan, he sobbed: "Being a Jew is not a crime. I am not a dog. I have a right to live and the Jewish people have a right to exist on earth. -
How Much Did the Germans Know About the Final Solution?: an Examination of Propaganda in the Third Reich
Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Honors Theses Lee Honors College Spring 2010 How Much Did the Germans Know about the Final Solution?: An Examination of Propaganda in the Third Reich Issa A. Braman Western Michigan University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/honors_theses Part of the Holocaust and Genocide Studies Commons Recommended Citation Braman, Issa A., "How Much Did the Germans Know about the Final Solution?: An Examination of Propaganda in the Third Reich" (2010). Honors Theses. 3371. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/honors_theses/3371 This Honors Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Lee Honors College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. How Much Did the Germans Know about the Final Solution?: An Examination of Propaganda in the Third Reich by Melissa A. Braman In 1925, while Adolf Hitler was serving a short sentence in jail for his failed Beer Hall Putsch, he wrote in Mein Kampf, “With the year 1915 enemy propaganda began in our country, after 1916 it became more and more intensive till finally, at the beginning of the year 1918, it swelled to a positive flood.” Hitler, a soldier of World War I, had experienced firsthand the power of propaganda during the war. With the failure of Germany to counter-act the Allied propaganda, Hitler noted, “The army gradually learned to think as the enemy wanted it to.”1 Hitler applied this same concept to promoting the rhetoric of the Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP). -
Quiet in the Rear: the Wehrmacht and the Weltanschauungskrieg in the Occupation of the Soviet Union
Quiet in the Rear: The Wehrmacht and the Weltanschauungskrieg in the Occupation of the Soviet Union by Justin Harvey A thesis presented to the University Of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master Of Arts in History Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2018 © Justin Harvey 2018 I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii Historians widely acknowledge that the Second World War witnessed a substantial degree of ideology in the conflict itself. This paper will establish the degree to which the ideology of National Socialism shaped the Wehrmacht’s decision-making process prior to and during their occupation of the Soviet Union, as well as the outcomes of those decisions. To this end, those in positions of authority in the military – including Hitler himself, the OKW, the OKH and various subordinate commanders – will be examined to determine how National Socialist tenets shaped their plans and efforts to quell and exploit the occupied Soviet Union. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my most profound gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Alexander Statiev, for guiding me as this project came together. Your patience and support in this process were greatly appreciated. This work is dedicated to my grandfather, Jack Harvey, whom I never met, but whose service in the RCAF in the Second World War first inspired me to engage in the serious study of history.