Krakow HISTORY
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St. Dominic Parish Pilgrimage to Poland & Italy
ST. PETER'S BASILICA PIAZZA NAVONA ANCIENT ROME Day 1: Tuesday, April 21 • Depart for Poland Depart on independent, transatlantic flight(s) to Poland. Day 2: Wednesday, April 22 • Krakow Upon arrival in Krakow meet your local European tour manager who will be with you throughout the tour. Celebrate Mass at St. Nicholas Church. After Mass enjoy a Welcome dinner at a local restaurant. Overnight Krakow. Day 3: Thursday, April 23 • Wawel | Shrine of Divine Mercy This morning, visit the Wawel Hill and Cathedral to see the tombs of St. Stanislaus and St. Wenceslaus, as well as the final resting places of Polish kings, poets and national heroes. Wawel Cathedral is where Pope John Paul II was ordained a priest, celebrated his first Mass, and served as Archbishop of Kraków. Stop at the Deanery, where once Copernicus and John Paul II walked as students. Then, travel to the tomb of St. Faustina Kowalska, to celebrate Mass and pray the Divine Mercy Chaplet. Finally, visit the “Have No Fear” Center, dedicated to John Paul II. Dinner on your own and overnight in Krakow. Day 4: Friday, April 24 • Auschwitz | Czestochowa This morning, depart for Auschwitz, where St. Teresa Benedicta (Edith Stein) and St. Maximilian Kolbe suffered martyrdom. In the afternoon, continue to Czestochowa to visit the Jasna Gora Monastery, the Treasure House and the Chapel of the Black Madonna, which contains one of the most important icons of Mary. Celebrate Mass in Czestochowa. Dinner and overnight in Krakow. Day 5: Saturday, April 25 • Wadowice | Salt Mines In the morning, travel to Wadowice, the birthplace and hometown of Pope John Paul II. -
Simplified WWII Timeline
~ Belz Museum of Asian and Judaic Art ~ Holocaust Memorial Gallery ~ Simplified World War II Timeline 1933 JANUARY 30, 1933 German President Paul von Hindenburg appointed Adolf Hitler chancellor. At the time, Hitler was leader of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nazi party). FEBRUARY 27-28, 1933 The German parliament (Reichstag) building burned down under mysterious circumstances. The government treated it as an act of terrorism. FEBRUARY 28, 1933 Hitler convinced President von Hindenburg to invoke an emergency clause in the Weimar Constitution. The German parliament then passed the Decree of the Reich President for the Protection of Nation (Volk) and State, popularly known as the Reichstag Fire Decree, the decree suspended the civil rights provisions in the existing German constitution, including freedom of speech, assembly, and press, and formed the basis for the incarceration of potential opponents of the Nazis without benefit of trial or judicial proceeding. MARCH 22, 1933 The SS (Schutzstaffel), Hitler's “elite guard,” established a concentration camp outside the town of Dachau, Germany, for political opponents of the regime. It was the only concentration camp to remain in operation from 1933 until 1945. By 1934, the SS had taken over administration of the entire Nazi concentration camp system. MARCH 23, 1933 The German parliament passed the Enabling Act, which empowered Hitler to establish a dictatorship in Germany. APRIL 1, 1933 The Nazis organized a nationwide boycott of Jewish-owned businesses in Germany. Many local boycotts continued throughout much of the 1930s. APRIL 7, 1933 The Nazi government passed the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service, which excluded Jews and political opponents from university and governmental positions. -
ESCOR TED T OURS in English POLISH and LITHUANIAN
2008 5 (2).eng 8/9/08 11:11 Page 14 POLISH AND LITHUANIAN SPLENDOURS 8 days Route: Krakow – Wieliczka – Krakow – Cz´stochowa – Warsaw – Kaunas – Vilnius Vilnius Warszawa Kraków reconstructed Old Town. The morning sightseeing tour includes the Royal Route and the Old Town with the Royal Castle, St. John’s Cathedral, the Old Town Market Square and the Barbican. In the afternoon, we offer an optional excursion to the Royal ¸azienki Park with the Palace on the Water. The evening offers an optional Polish dinner at Res- taurant “Podwale”. Day 6. Warsaw – Kaunas – Vilnius We continue through the well-forested North Poland along the eastern fringe of the Masurian Lakeland, a my- Vilnius – Ostra Brama riad of postglacial lakes representing some of the most Day 1. Krakow Day 3. Krakow – Wieliczka – Krakow beautiful natural sites in Poland, and continue into Lithua- Arrival in Krakow, optional transfer to Hotel Novotel Cen- The morning offers an optional excursion to the famous nia to reach Kaunas, a genuine Lithuanian city. We take trum Krakow**** or similar, check-in, welcome meeting. Wieliczka Salt Mine, an amazing labyrinth of tunnels a stroll in the Old Town with its elegant Old Town Hall and Day 2. Krakow going down as far as 327 meters. The afternoon is Gothic cathedral. Then, we continue eastwards and arrive For half a millennium, Krakow was the royal capital of reserved for exploring more of Krakow’s secrets individu- soon in Vilnius. Check-in at the hotel. Poland and for centuries the city walls have guarded its ally. The evening offer includes an optional dinner at Res- Day 7. -
Joint Meeting on Medicinal Chemistry—Kraków 2003
Conference Call Saidashev State Grand Concert Hall, which is one of Austria (5), Switzerland (5), and 18 other countries. the most beautiful cultural centers of Kazan. In addi- Participants were presented with the latest ideas con- tion to two plenary lectures, the results of the con- cerning drugs for the treatment of central nervous gress were summarized, and the final document On system and cardiovascular diseases, chemotherapeu- the Prospects for the Development of Chemistry, tics, combinatorial chemistry and high throughput Chemical Education, and International Cooperation screening, molecular modeling, peptides and pep- was approved. Dr. R. N. Minnikhanov, prime minister tidomimetics, and pharmaceutical biotechnology. In of the Government of the Republic of Tatarstan, addition, 226 posters were presented. addressed the meeting. Following is a list of plenary lectures presented: The next XVIII Mendeleev Congress on General and • “G-Proteins: Targets for New Drugs?”; Walter Applied Chemistry will be held in Moscow in 2007 and Schunack, Free University of Berlin, Germany will be devoted to a centenary of Mendeleev • “Can Drug Metabolism be Predicted?”; Bernard Congresses in Russia. Testa, Institute de Chimie Therapeutique, Universite de Lausanne, Switzerland Professor Oleg Nefedov <[email protected]> is head of the laboratory in the N. D. • “A Translational Approach to Preclinical Drug Zelinsk, Institute of Organic Chemistry in Moscow and the president of the XVII Development in Epilepsy”; James P. Stables, Mendeleev Congress. Professor Oleg Sinyashin <[email protected]> is director of Director of the National Institute of Neurological the A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry in Kazan and chief Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, USA secretary of the XVII Mendeleev Congress. -
My Two-Week Exchange in Poland by Sang Hyub Kim ('18)
New York College of Podiatric Medicine NYCPM NEWS FOOTPRINTS, VOL. 4 NO. 7, JULY 2017 My Two-Week Exchange in Poland By Sang Hyub Kim (’18) Rehabilitation Clinic – Ortopedicum. From left to right: Małgorzata Kulesa-Mrowiecka, MSc, PhD, the Deputy Director of the Institute of Physiotherapy of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Sang Hyub Kim, and Bożena Latała, Msc, the Chief of Rehabilitation Department in Ortopedicum. Sang Hyub Kim (’18) recently completed a two-week exchange in Poland at the Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie (Jagiellonian University in Kraków). Founded in 1364 by Kazimierz III Wielki (Casimir III the Great), Jagiellonian University is the oldest university in Poland. Halina M. Semla-Pulaski, MS, DPM (’89), a Trustee of the NYCPM, organized this exchange program. Dr. Semla-Pulaski developed contacts with the faculties through her mentor and friend, Jolanta Jaworek, MD, PhD. Dr. Jaworek was a former Dean of the Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu (Department of Health and Sciences) and holds the highest title and distinction of “Profes- sor” in the Polish academia. Kim spent his first week in the Oddział Kliniczny Ortopedii i Rehabilitacji (Clinical Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation) of the University Hospital, shadowing orthopedic surgeons – Artur Gądek, MD, (Professor of Jagiellonian University), a hip and knee specialist and Henryk Liszka, MD, a foot and ankle specialist. Under the supervision of Dr. Liszka, Kim was allowed to scrub into several forefoot surgeries such as arthroplasty, percutaneous scarf and the Akin procedure. Moreover, Kim observed complicated cases including triple arthrodesis, clubfoot reconstruction, ankle arthroscopy and osteochondral lesion resection. In the second week, Kim visited few rehabilitation and physical therapy centers outside of the main cam- pus involved in the Institute of Physiotherapy at Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum. -
4. General Government Expenditures
III. PUBLIC FINANCE AND ECONOMICS 4. General government expenditures Governments spend money to provide goods and services differences between countries. Between 2000 and 2009, the and redistribute income. Like government revenues, largest increases in government expenditures per person government expenditures reflect historical and current were recorded in Korea, Estonia and Ireland (over 6%) while political decisions but are also highly sensitive to economic in Austria, Italy, Japan and Switzerland the increases were developments. General government spending as a share of equal to or below 1%; and in Israel there was no change. GDP and per person provide an indication of the size of the government across countries. However, the large variation in these ratios highlights different approaches to delivering public goods and services and providing social protection, not necessarily differences in resources spent. For instance, Methodology and definitions if support is given via tax breaks rather than direct Government expenditures data are derived from the expenditures, expenditure/GDP ratios will naturally be OECD National Accounts Statistics, which are based on lower. In addition, it is important to note that the size of the System of National Accounts (SNA), a set of inter- expenditures does not reflect government efficiency or nationally agreed concepts, definitions, classifica- productivity. tions and rules for national accounting. In SNA Government expenditures represented 46% of GDP across terminology, general government consists of central, OECD member countries in 2009. In general, OECD-EU state and local governments and social security member countries have a higher ratio than other OECD funds. member countries. Denmark, Finland and France spend Gross domestic product (GDP) is the standard the most as a share of GDP, with government expenditures measure of the value of the goods and services equal to or above 56%, whereas Mexico, Chile, Korea and produced by a country during a period. -
Poles Under German Occupation the Situation and Attitudes of Poles During the German Occupation
Truth About Camps | W imię prawdy historycznej (en) https://en.truthaboutcamps.eu/thn/poles-under-german-occu/15596,Poles-under-German-Occupation.html 2021-09-25, 22:48 Poles under German Occupation The Situation and Attitudes of Poles during the German Occupation The Polish population found itself in a very difficult situation during the very first days of the war, both in the territories incorporated into the Third Reich and in The General Government. The policy of the German occupier was primarily aimed at the liquidation of the Polish intellectual elite and leadership, and at the subsequent enslavement, maximal exploitation, and Germanization of Polish society. Terror was conducted on a mass and general scale. Executions, resettlements, arrests, deportations to camps, and street round-ups were a constant element of the everyday life of Poles during the war. Initially the policy of the German occupier was primarily aimed at the liquidation of the Polish intellectual elite and leadership, and at the subsequent enslavement, maximal exploitation, and Germanization of Polish society. Terror was conducted on a mass and general scale. Food rationing was imposed in cities and towns, with food coupons covering about one-third of a person’s daily needs. Levies — obligatory, regular deliveries of selected produce — were introduced in the countryside. Farmers who failed to deliver their levy were subject to severe repressions, including the death penalty. Devaluation and difficulty with finding employment were the reason for most Poles’ poverty and for the everyday problems in obtaining basic products. The occupier also limited access to healthcare. The birthrate fell dramatically while the incidence of infectious diseases increased significantly. -
Here to Expertly Guide You Through the New Normal in Travel
Our Experience At Exeter International we have been creating memories and crafting custom-designed journeys for 27 years. We are a team of specialists committed to providing the best travel experiences in our destinations. Each of our experts has either travelled extensively on reconnaissance trips, or has lived in their area of expertise, giving us unparalleled first-hand knowledge. Because we focus on specific parts of the globe, we return to the same destinations many times, honing our experience over the years. Knowledgeable Up-to-the-Minute Local Information We are best placed to give you advice about traveling to Europe and beyond; from logistics and new protocols in museums, hotels and restaurants in each country. We are here to expertly guide you through the new normal in travel. Original Custom Programs, Meticulously Planned Our experts speak your language both literally and culturally. Our advice and recommendations are impartial, honest, and always have the individual in mind. We save valuable time in pre-trip research and focus on developing experiences that enrich and enhance your experience. Once on your journey you will have complete peace of mind with our local 24-hour contact person who is on hand to coordinate any changes in your program or help you in the case of any emergency. Hand-Selected Guides We know that guides are one of the most important components of any travel experience. That is why we only use local experts who have a history of working with our guests and whom we know personally. We are extremely particular in selecting our guides and are confident that they will be one of the most memorable aspects of any of our trips. -
The Architecture of the Third Reich in Cracow – a Dissonant Heritage?1
RIHA Journal 0253 | 20 December 2020 The Architecture of the Third Reich in Cracow – a Dissonant Heritage? 1 Jacek Purchla Abstract On 12 October 1939, Hitler signed a decree creating the Generalgouvernement (General Government), which comprised the Polish lands occupied by Germany but not subsumed directly into the Reich. Cracow became the capital of the General Government. This decided the fate of the city, for which the Nazi authorities had essentially predestined the role not only of capital of this Nebenland, but also that of a model German city in the East. How, then, should we evaluate the contribution of the Third Reich to the shaping of Cracow's cultural landscape during the 1,961 days of the city's enforced status as capital? There is no unequivocal answer to this question, and the building stock left by the Germans in Cracow is extremely heterogeneous. We do have a certain number of intriguing examples of the dissonant heritage left by the German Third Reich in Cracow today. These represent above all a broad spectrum of conflicts of memory, and also the problem of non-memory. Contents The General Government and its capital Cracow as a "model German city" in the East Architect Richard Rattinger Hubert Ritter and his "Generalbebaungsplan von Krakau" Hans Frank as "the great builder of Cracow" The new residential quarter "Nur für Deutsche" The architectural heritage of the Third Reich in Cracow – a dissonant heritage? "Krakauer Burg" The Holocaust and places of memory 1 This article has been based on the research partially earlier presented in Polish, in a book: Jacek Purchla, Miasto i polityka. -
The Arrases of Wawel, the Polish Royal Castle in Krakow
Jerzy Holc, Andrzej Włochowicz* The Arrases of Wawel, the Polish Royal Castle in Krakow Wawel - Polisch Royal Castle Conservation Workshop of Historical Textiles Wawel, Kraków, Poland Abstract The unusual, but well-documented history of the unique tapestry collection of the ‘Arrases of *University of Bielsko-Biała Wawel’, the Polish kings’ castle in Krakow, is briefly presented and its cultural importance Faculty of Textile Engineering and Polymer Materials emphasised. The problems of maintaining, preserving and restoring historical textile fabrics Ul. Willowa 2, 403-39 Bielsko-Biała, Poland are mentioned, and the questions of biodeterioration, molecular and submolecular structure E-mail: [email protected] changes, de-colouration, and the appearance of stains are stressed. A further article, which will discuss these problems in detail, will be published in a subsequent issue of Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe. Key words: arras, tapestry, conservation, preservation, biodeterioration, micro-organisms, enzymes, structure changes, colour changes. n The history of the collection n 16 small arrases located over the entrances and above & below the The Wawel arrases1), which are also windows, as well as those intended to called the Jagiellonian arrases, form a cover chairs or pillows. compact and stylistically consistent col- lection of tapestries.2) Krakow’s arras The tapestries were manufactured in the collection is distinctive as regards its period from 1550 to 1560 in Brussels, uniformity of style, variety of series, and according to cartoons of famous Flemish abundance of motives, as well as its his- painters. The authorship of these car- torical substantiation, which is of greatest toons with figurative scenes is attributed importance. -
Krakow Real Estate Market ECONOMY
Krakow Real Estate Market ECONOMY 2006 Report KRAKÓW THE MUNICIPALITY OF KRAKOW City Strategy and Development Department Map of the Krakow Districts 15 17 4 16 6 3 Krowodrza Śródmieście 5 Nowa Huta 18 1 2 14 7 13 Podgórze 12 8 9 11 10 Since 27 March 1991 Krakow has been divided into 18 administrative districts: 1. District I Stare Miasto 2. District II Grzegórzki 3. District III Prądnik Czerwony 4. District IV Prądnik Biały 5. District V Krowodrza 6. District VI Bronowice 7. District VII Zwierzyniec 8. District VIII Dębniki 9. District IX Łagiewniki-Borek Fałęcki 10. District X Swoszowice 11. District XI Podgórze Duchackie 12. District XII Bieżanów-Prokocim 13. District XIII Podgórze 14. District XIV Czyżyny 15. District XV Mistrzejowice 16. District XVI Bieńczyce 17. District XVII Wzgórza Krzesławickie 18. District XVIII Nowa Huta Map of the Metropolitan Area of Krakow Miechów poviat Gołcza Olkusz poviat Trzyciąż Proszowice Sułoszowa poviat Słomniki Jerznanowice Skała Iwanowice Przeginia Proszowice Wielka Wieś Michałowice Kocmyrzów Koniusza Nowe Brzesko Krakow Luborzyca Krzeszowice poviat Zielonki Zabierzów Igołomnia Wawrzeńczyce Drwina Krakow Liszki Niepołomice Rzezawa Czernichów Kłaj Bochnia Skawina Świątniki Biskupice Wieliczka Brzeźnica Mogilany Bochnia Wadowice Górne Wieliczka poviat poviat poviat Gdów Nowy Wiśnicz Kalwaria Siepraw Zebrzydowska Wadowice Dobczyce Lanckorona Łapanów Sułkowice Myślenice Trzciana Raciechowice Stryszów myślenice poviat Żegocina Wiśniowa Pcim Tokarnia Lubień Krakow Krakow suburban zone Metropolitan Area of Krakow Poviat border Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Demographic Data 4 3. Economic Potential 6 4. Residential Market 7 4.1. Housing – General Data 8 4.2. Residential Construction – Primary Market 10 4.3.1. -
Poland Study Guide Poland Study Guide
Poland Study Guide POLAND STUDY GUIDE POLAND STUDY GUIDE Table of Contents Why Poland? In 1939, following a nonaggression agreement between the Germany and the Soviet Union known as the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, Poland was again divided. That September, Why Poland Germany attacked Poland and conquered the western and central parts of Poland while the Page 3 Soviets took over the east. Part of Poland was directly annexed and governed as if it were Germany (that area would later include the infamous Nazi concentration camp Auschwitz- Birkenau). The remaining Polish territory, the “General Government,” was overseen by Hans Frank, and included many areas with large Jewish populations. For Nazi leadership, Map of Territories Annexed by Third Reich the occupation was an extension of the Nazi racial war and Poland was to be colonized. Page 4 Polish citizens were resettled, and Poles who the Nazis deemed to be a threat were arrested and shot. Polish priests and professors were shot. According to historian Richard Evans, “If the Poles were second-class citizens in the General Government, then the Jews scarcely Map of Concentration Camps in Poland qualified as human beings at all in the eyes of the German occupiers.” Jews were subject to humiliation and brutal violence as their property was destroyed or Page 5 looted. They were concentrated in ghettos or sent to work as slave laborers. But the large- scale systematic murder of Jews did not start until June 1941, when the Germans broke 2 the nonaggression pact with the Soviets, invaded the Soviet-held part of Poland, and sent 3 Chronology of the Holocaust special mobile units (the Einsatzgruppen) behind the fighting units to kill the Jews in nearby forests or pits.