C-LIEGE - Clean Last mile transport and logistics management for smart and efficient local Governments in Europe

OUTPUT n. 3.2

PILOT FACT SHEET: Region /

Dissemination level: PUBLIC

Work package n. 3

Version: Final

Date of preparation: 31/05/2012

The sole responsibility for the content of this deliverable lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Union. Neither the EACI nor the European Commission are responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.

Grant Agreement n. IEE/10/154/SI2.589407 – C-LIEGE

TABLE OF CONTENT

1. General description of the city ...... 3

1.1. Description of the city ...... 3

1.2. Freight transport Infrastructure ...... 4

1.3. Regulations applicable to Urban Freight Transport in Stuttgart ...... 5

1.4. Major freight traffic problems ...... 5

2. Stakeholders: facts about their role in urban transport ...... 6

2.1. List of Stakeholders ...... 6

2.2. The role of the single stakeholders for city logistics ...... 8

3. Existing practices ...... 11

4. Existing ideas about solutions and projects ...... 12

4.1. Access incentives ...... 12

4.2. Routing Information ...... 12

4.3. Alternative delivery systems ...... 13

4.4. Freight Transport plan, at least for Ludwigsburg ...... 13

4.5. Freight Transport quality partnership at least for Ludwigsburg ...... 13

4.6. Special urban planning conditions ...... 13

4.7. Other Ideas ...... 13

5. Existing conflicts ...... 14

6. Previous relevant ideas not put into practice ...... 14

7. Previous relevant ideas put into practice, whether they were successful or not ...... 14

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1. General description of the city

1.1. Description of the city Stuttgart has of old been the capital of a mid-size German territory. Only in 1952 it became capital of the then formed state of Baden-Württemberg, which today has a population of 10m people. Stuttgart itself remains small (pop. 577,232; 207km2), although it integrated the historical town of Cannstatt plus a number of industrialized and residential towns and villages during the first half of 20th century.

A number of midsize towns encircle today’s Stuttgart: Medieval towns (e.g. Waiblingen, home of the “Ghibellini” in Italian pronunciation; , a self-governing city of old, and Ludwigsburg, the baroque government seat under absolutism), new industrialized towns (e.g. , Kornwestheim, Sindelfingen), plus a large number of residential as well as industrialized villages. This is significantly different from e.g. a city growing into a rural environment.

The main roads and railways follow the valleys with their historical settlements. There are only very few plains, north of Stuttgart and in the south around the airport. Especially the southern plain “Filder” now is both an industrial and residential area.

Of the tight valleys, only downtown Stuttgart and the inner suburbs today are without much industry. Much industry and many residential areas can be found in tight valleys. Only the valley of downtown Stuttgart and the inner suburbs nowadays are without much industry. The few main roads carry the traffic burden.

Rush hour means equilibrium of slow movements, and a total jam if the Autobahn is blocked. The inner cities are accessible; parking and driving regulations are rather complex. Big shopping malls outside the inner cities are only few, mainly near Ludwigsburg and Sindelfingen.

By constitution, all territorial planning is in the responsibility of the communities. This is a reason why counties and regions in Germany are a communal affair, strictly separated from state and federal institutions. In practice, the road, transportation and land use planning is a complex

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negotiation process between local and regional authorities, with the region responsible for all “transportation infrastructure and land use of regional importance”.

1.2. Freight transport Infrastructure Due to the size of the region and its industry, all major national transport logistics companies as well as the world wide players with a focus on Europe either have their own logistics facilities in the region or are represented through partnerships. This includes a multitude of privately owned interfaces between long haul and regional distribution. These companies handle the vast majority of goods traffic, partly through their facilities, partly in direct transport between customers and their business partners.

The location of the logistics companies is indicated in the regional map below. We have chosen those companies which are member of the VSL association - typically the larger companies, not the truck drivers and subcontractors. On the other hand, there is no infrastructure for explicit cooperation, such as a “freight village”.

Thus, it is difficult to define “hub” in our local context. Hubs as public facilities or joint infrastructures are the airport, the intermodal terminals (which do not offer the full range of “freight village” services) and Stuttgart Harbour (at which two of the intermodal terminals are located).

Hub Kornwestheim: Typical larger intermodal terminal (8 train-size tracks under gantry cranes), with some storage facilities. A number of logistics operators nearby.

Hub Stuttgart harbour: The harbour itself basically for bulk commodities by boat or train, quite a number of independent operators with own facilities.

A private tri-modal terminal, handling import and export containers by boat and train, another two-track intermodal terminal mainly handling traffic for and between Mercedes plants, and an additional small facility that operates container trains for im- and export. Magnitude of intermodal operations in total (rail and water, all terminals, not counting bulk) perhaps 40% of Kornwestheim.

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Hub Stuttgart airport: A larger number of specialized forwarders handles air cargo for an area covering Stuttgart region plus southern parts of the state. Cargo is consolidated there and basically trucked to the main European hubs, e.g. Frankfurt. There is no statistic about the amount, because the airport itself counts only the air cargo that actually goes to or from Stuttgart by air, which is but a small share of the estimated 200,000 t/year.

Other KEP services etc. are located in the vicinity of the airport.

1.3. Regulations applicable to Urban Freight Transport in Stuttgart - Truck traffic restrictions (except one central axis)

- local regulation based upon federal law

- Loading time restrictions in downtown areas

1.4. Major freight traffic problems The most freight traffic by far is on the L-shaped Autobahn around the West and South of Stuttgart. This is also a constant source of congestion. Others are:

- the entrance and exit of Stuttgart City on B27 at suburb

- and the B 10 artery along river from Esslingen and through Stuttgart until merging into B 27, again at Zuffenhausen.

Molestation is felt

- most on routes east of Stuttgart (“Schurwald”), since the agglomeration has no Eastern bypass and traffic is on secondary roads,

- around the airport (“Filder”), due to dispersity of traffic,

- on the corridor from Stuttgart along Neckar river to the Autobahn (overload),

- and in the north by trucks crossing Ludwigsburg as well as other communities due to lack of bypass.

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2. Stakeholders: facts about their role in urban transport

2.1. List of Stakeholders Name Organisation Stakeholder Gr oup Prof. Dr. Michael Schröder University of Cooperative Other actors – Education Baden-Württemberg universities / Duale Hochschule Baden- Württemberg Dirk Leyens EnBw AG Private actor Frank Müller Fa. Urban Other actors – consultant Prof. Dr. Tobias Bernecker University of Heilbronn / Other actors – Hochschule Heilbronn universities Jörg Schneider Chamber of industry and Chamber of commerce commerce Stuttgart / Industrie- und Handelskammer Stuttgart Martin Brandt KLOK e.V. Business Association Ingrid Eibner KLOK e.V. Business Association Stephan Oehler City of Stuttgart Local administration Robert Grundl Logistik-Management- Other actors – consultant Consulting Regensburg Anna Struwe Network of logistics Baden- Business Association Württemberg / Logistik- Netzwerk Baden-Württemberg LogBW Rainer Hummel Ministry of traffic and National and state infrastructure Baden- administration Württemberg / Ministerium für Verkehr und Infrastruktur Baden-Württemberg Bettina Miehle Ministry of Finance and National and state

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Economic Affairs Baden- administration Württemberg Volker Braun mm-lab GmbH, Kornwestheim Private actor Matthias Hormuth PTV AG, Karlsruhe Other actors – consultant Olaf Dienelt City of Ludwigsburg Local administration Frank Steinert City of Ludwigsburg Local administration Götz Bopp Chamber of industry and Chamber of commerce commerce Stuttgart / Industrie- und Handelskammer Stuttgart, goods traffic Reiner Boucsein Chamber of industry and Chamber of commerce commerce Stuttgart / Industrie- und Handelskammer Stuttgart, district chamber for Ludwigsburg Sascha Reber Stadt Kornwestheim, Local administration Kämmerer und Wirtschaftsförderer Robert Gohla Steinbeis-Europa-Zentrum Other actors – research institute Jens-Jochen Roth Steinbeis-Innovationszentrum Other actors – research Logistik und Nachhaltigkeit institute Holger Bach Stuttgart Region Economic Business development Development Corporation agency Prof. Dr.-Ing. Markus Friedrich University of Stuttgart Other actors - universities Dr. Klaus Lönhard Verband Region Stuttgart Regional administration Andrea Marongiu VSL Verband Spedition und Business Association Logistik e.V. Peter Bachmann DPD GeoPost Private actor

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Bernd Schäfer Spedition DACHSER, Private actor Niederlassungsleiter Kornwestheim Carsten Strähle Hafen Stuttgart GmbH, Local administration Geschäftsführer Sabine Hagmann Einzelhandelsverband Baden- Business Association Württemberg Isabell Knüttgen E-Mobil Baden-Württemberg Business development GmbH agency Annett Boblenz Freelance writer for nationwide Local media logistics newspapers and magazines, Stuttgart Carsten Nallinger Transport aktuell magazine, Local media Stuttgart Hagen von Ortloff Süddeutscher Rundfunk, Local media Stuttgart Werner Waldner Kornwestheimer Zeitung Local media (subdivision of Stuttgarter Nachrichten)

2.2. The role of the single stakeholders for city logistics

• National and state administration

The stakeholders are the departments for goods logistics in both the State Ministry of Finance and Economy (Bettina Miehle) and the State Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure (Reiner Hummel). In a regional context as ours, they basically check actions for consistency with state policies, suggest funding programs (where applicable), bring their expertise from other regions and listen with the intention to pick up good ideas for potential state policy.

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• Regional administration

Dr. Klaus Lönhard is head of the transport and traffic department within the regional administration. He can pick up local initiatives for potential regional policies, and he knows about the lines of conflict regarding all transport related topics within the region.

• Local administration

Local administrators are involved from three municipalities: Stuttgart (Stephan Oehler, head of traffic planning department), Ludwigsburg (Olaf Dienelt, sustainable city development, and Frank Steinert, business developer) and the intermediate town of Kornwestheim (Sascha Reber, head of finance and business developer). Furthermore, a key actor is Carsten Strähle of Stuttgart harbour, the business unit administering the harbour area of Stuttgart on behalf of the city.

While the role of Stuttgart and Kornwestheim at the moment basically is that of an observer, Ludwigsburg has a keen interest to develop a strategy for goods traffic. So has Stuttgart harbour as a main location for logistics.

• Chamber of commerce

In Germany, the chamber of commerce has to observe strict neutrality. The stakeholders therefore do not carry through their own measures. However, the head of transport (Jörg Schneider) and the officer in charge of goods traffic (Götz Bopp) as well as the responsible officer from the Ludwigsburg district chamber (Reiner Boucsein) support with their knowledge and their contacts. Also, they have picked up the topic and asked PTV consulting to do a separate Round Table for regional goods traffic.

• Business associations

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The role of KLOK (Martin Brandt, Ingrid Eibner) is to foster the process of C-LIEGE. Staff from KLOK-operated LogBW (Anna Struwe) will help to transfer the results to other regions.

The regional logistics association represents the logistics businesses in Baden-Württemberg and is one of the stakeholders of KLOK e.V. Managing director Andrea Marongiu has been in strong relations with KLOK for many years.

The regional retail trade association, with managing director Sabine Hagmann, will ensure that results of the Round Tables are feasible for the intended recipients of most of the transported goods.

• Business development agencies

The Stuttgart Region Economic Development with Holger Bach as the responsible person for mobility topics is involved as a main stakeholder of KLOK e.V. and transfers round table results to other sectors outside transport and logistics.

With e-mobility becoming a hot topic, the state started a development agency just for that topic. Managing director Isabell Knüttgen therefore is the key stakeholder for that topic.

• Private actors

Dachser is one of the big players in goods logistics in Stuttgart Region. Bernd Schäfer, head of the regional branch in Kornwestheim, has been in contact with KLOK before on local goods transport issues. DPD is a leading actor in the courier segment and in contact with the town of Ludwigsburg. This makes them the competent partners to speak for their segments.

EnBW is interested in e-mobility (actually it is the energy supplier) and therefore likely is needed for some of the project ideas. mm-lab is locally based in Kornwestheim and produces telematics solutions for transport and logistics.

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• Other actors – universities and institutes

Of the involved professors, Michael Schröder is an expert in logistics, while Markus Friedrich is a transport and telematics expert. Tobias Bernecker is the expert in administrative handling of transport – he wrote the State’s plan on transport.

The Steinbeis foundation (Robert Gohla) is an expert in project management, and Jens-Jochen Roth is the head of their subdivision for logistics management and planning.

• Other actors - consultants

Among the involved consultants are Robert Grundl of RegLog, who provided the first Round Table with a report about a successful case of city logistics. Matthias Hormuth of ptv provides the Round Tables with a wide range of possible organizational and telematics solutions.

• Local media

Named above as stakeholders are people we have long lasting working relationships with. Stuttgart is a centre of media in Germany, especially with regard to technical publications. Therefore, three actors named in this field do nationwide coverage from here.

Annett Boblenz and Carsten Nallinger cover the transport and logistics media. Hagen von Ortloff is a well-known TV journalist with his own team, covering transport nationwide. Werner Waldner is the head of the team of our joint local subdivision of “Stuttgarter Nachrichten” and “Stuttgarter Zeitung”, the two regional quality newspapers.

3. Existing practices

− Environmental Zone: Stuttgart and some other towns across the region have introduced environmental zones. This was to improve air quality, which is below minimum EU

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requirements. The zones allow trucks only a few through routes within (if any), and only clean passenger cars. There is a mixed result. They did help to divert traffic. On the other hand, it was disputed whether the air quality change was caused by these zones or by yearly changes in the basic weather conditions. Also, through traffic increased in those areas which did not put up environmental zones.

− Freight transport aspects are included in a number of development plans.

− Truck Routing Concept "Filder": The “Filder” area has seen strong economic growth, while at the same time it is a residential area. The “Filder” area is not a political entity. Southern suburbs of Stuttgart belong to it, as well as a number of large settlements that once were farming villages. These form a number of political entities the size of small cities. Total population of the area may be 200.000. Traffic is a major issue in the “Filder” area. This includes goods transport, with the aspects of volume, pollution and noise. The administration of the main communities has elaborated a joint truck routing concept. Most measures have not yet been established. However, the concept still expresses the joint approach of the communities and is alive. Furthermore, it is the reference scenario of any transport oriented political debate.

4. Existing ideas about solutions and projects

4.1. Access incentives Access incentives could be made for environmentally clean vehicles, among them electric vehicles. It may give them priority for parking in areas under municipal ownership / supervision and use special areas as loading zones. In principle, the use of existing bus lanes can be considered, at least at some part of the day.

4.2. Routing Information The idea is that of a “city app” for the routing system in Stuttgart area.

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4.3. Alternative delivery systems The region intends a delivery system based upon small boxes delivered through (electric) vans to minimize mileage and result in smaller vehicles entering the urban areas. So it probably could be done within an e-mobility project.

4.4. Freight Transport plan, at least for Ludwigsburg Stuttgart as well as the Region as a whole has always made the idea of a freight transport plan depending on a sufficient set of consistent measures which would also survive the political debate. That is easier on a smaller scale, and at least for Ludwigsburg we will try.

4.5. Freight Transport quality partnership at least for Ludwigsburg The quality partnership will include people from the whole region, based upon the Circle of Goods Mobility in Stuttgart Region. It will be supplemented by members from Ludwigsburg and may go for first measures in Ludwigsburg. It will however also keep up the idea to work for the region as a whole.

4.6. Special urban planning conditions This means to implement measures for goods traffic by planning and thus targets at the long term. It can mean to include locations for drop boxes into local plans. It can also mean that new commercial zones will have to take into account parking and loading zones for commercial vehicles.

4.7. Other Ideas − Definition of loading zones for trade / stores just as enforcing to provide parking for customers.

− Solution for optimizing the collection of routes for bulky household refuse (presentation of Volker Braun, mm-lab GmbH, on first Round Table)

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5. Existing conflicts

Key persons of Stuttgart and members of operators did not attend the 1 st Round Table because of pressing short-term business. It has to be considered if and how this problem could be solved. Perhaps it could be improved by involving neighbour municipalities and regions so that the project is not focused or depended on only one single city.

6. Previous relevant ideas not put into practice

− Freight village / consolidation centre: A freight village was planned for Stuttgart area. It causes additional traffic in its vicinity, which was not tolerated by the administration of any potential location. Furthermore, the idea was to use the freight village as a Consolidation Centre for transports with downtown destinations. It turned out that only a minor part of each forwarder's traffic was suitable for consolidation. Therefore, the forwarders would in any case have to keep their regional hubs. A consolidation centre would mean to double operations or to move the regional hub next to that centre - which would mean to give up the respective advantage of presence in today's locations and would need quite an investment.

7. Previous relevant ideas put into practice, whether they were successful or not

City logistics project in Stuttgart as a joint delivery service (around 1995): Problems immediately arose with priorities for pickup and delivery of freight. Also, there was a strong desire not to lay open customer relationships. This let the test fail soon.

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