Vol. XLI. No. 5 25 Cent s a Copy May, 1931 MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE,
lion. Dn.ight F. Davis, Governor-General of the Philippines. ggyeoac -4.- -fa;I niirauconT a nom-, Arni yuyulcvlii----vii---vrT-iirnfi , • • •Vestrirm •• 1 • • •• 4. I 1 Tlirr filth -tlarttir Maga3ittr CONDUCTED BY ALEXANDER HUME FORD I Volume XLI Number 5 • CONTENTS FOR MAY, 1931 • Art Section—Food Crops in Pacific Lands r■ 402 4, Hon. Dwight F. Davis, Governor-General of the 4,. Philippine Islands 417 i By Cayetano Ligot • Development of Travel on the Pacific 418 • By James King Steele 1 Hawaii as It Relates to the Travel Industry - - - 421 I i By Harry N. Burhans VI Russia and Beyond 423 By Hireschi Saito The Director of the Pan-Pacific Union Visits Tokyo - - 427 Fire Walkers in Fiji 429 1. By Keith E. Cullum 4 • iT Thhe Story of Port Arthur 431 By Clive Lord •
The Turkestan-Siberian Railroad 434 1! . I Wonders of the Forbidden City 437 • f., By Hon. Wallace R. Farrington • 1 Modern Transportation in the Netherlands East Indies - - 440 . In Modern Korea 447 1 By Mary Dillingham Frear 4' Some Colonization Problems: A Canadian View - - - 451 • By Major E. J. Ashton .1 .1 The Development of Radio in Australia 457 .1 By E. T. Fisk t 4 The Canterbury Pilgrims in New Zealand 461 .1 42 By N. E. Goad • i In Japanese Toyland 465 • • By Alexander Hume Ford . A Bit About Siam 469 4 Celebes, the Vast and Little Known 475 P t By Marc T. Greene • • • General Economic Data on Mexico 479 -, P. la .4 Bulletin of the Pan-Pacific Union, New Series, No. 135 - - 481 . 011t P: ib-Parifir n agazint . 4 Published monthly by ALEXANDER HUME FORD, Alexander Young Hotel Building, Honolulu, T. H. €, Yearly subscription in the United States and possessions, $3.00 in advance. Canada and go Mexico, $3.25. For all foreign countries, $3.50. Single Copies, 25c. ■ i Entered as second-class matter at the Honolulu Postoffice. S rt; Permission is given to reprint any article from the Mid-Pacific Magazine. • ,-,:immiont,tvp ot• • • • • ip.tw • Ar i • • • • • • .• 0 • • VI • • 11 IPI I • iC7iPUOUNVITC7i • •,1", Despite the fact that the water buffalo breeds in Hawaii, is immune from tuberculosis, and gives the richest and best milk in the world, these animals are used only in the rice fields. THE MID-PACIFIC 403 404 THE MID-PACIFIC F.> L O 0 THE MID-PACIFIC 405 406 THE MID-PACIFIC •t' ••••■ .•••• ••-• O •••••., •••, •■ ••.'• "et •••te fi •-•;*. • •t 9" •Z.; tt • eet •••-•• O •••, fi • fi »zt to't O -o O •-o •••••• 6. Oa fi 'Z1 **-• fi ,:; tt, • -et •••., fi •••• O •s:f, •o 1,•; "4-•'• 7-1 fi O -o•••••. ‹•••._ O O ti fi O fi THE MID-PACIFIC 407 O • 3 408 THE MID-PACIFIC Oi •`?, O O 6. Oi :; O • "tt .04 • ct C c • h ti •:= .1 0 O O O 0 0O 0 •••• •'2. 0 O TIIE MID-PACIFIC 410 THE MID-PACIFIC 0 0 • O 7..•4 0 0 O K •-°•-; •F•••, o -o • ° 0.• o o o o o toS, o ■-.Z] tl O O ,J SC, 0 h ti ,o ?. tz, tt h • E o CS • ,•• 4;4.. 0 0 0es, • •:.! K :0 4 •••••■. THE MID-PACIFIC 411 or they go forth in crates to every part 412 THE MID-PACIFIC o tZt 0.1 h '44 ..Zt h O t O h THE MID-PACIFIC 413 414 THE MID-PACIFIC L 0 C3 h a O Ctvo ° o ":. o. "t1 -o o • • o THE MID-PACIFIC 415 Perhaps a score of million Chinese from famine districts have traveled and tramped to Manchuria, a wonderfully fertile land that for centuries has been neglected and under- populated. The Japanese find it difficult to make a living on a Manchurian farm, but the starving Chinese immigrant finds Manchuria a land of promise. 416 THE MID-PACIFIC E ti et < C.:2 yr 7t G E O e, O g `ntt ■•••■ t a O THE MID-PACIFIC 417 • fp,11~4 • • • • • • • s mw _•_ OOO ..4mmtmptio4 • • ImvpAgLel, 4111mRov Hon, Dwight F. Davis, Governor- General of the Philippine Islands By CAYETANO ucur Filipino Labor Commissioner in the Hawaiian Islands i • •Ira'dn' i • • inunnianannuni , LCALC2a • • Tli TS- -14 - • • • 451X-Pi 1 • 1 • triatintlirreS/ Studying carefully the various phases cerned, but instead advises a careful of activities of the Governor-General of survey of the natural resources of Min- the Philippine Islands, Hon. Dwight F. danao and neighboring islands. Davis, it appears very clearly that his Before leaving the Islands for a good- efforts are principally devoted to the will tour in the other oriental countries, development of the natural resources of Governor Davis recommended that a the Islands, particularly products that committee composed of his technical ad- are derived from the soil. This does not visers and three directors of bureaus mean that he is neglecting the other should be organized, the work of which branches of his work for the general is to survey the natural resources of welfare of the Filipino people. Mindanao that will be taken up in One of the characteristics of the Gov- the near future. This committee was ernor of the Philippines is carefulness organized and is composed of H. T. in determining any kind of endeavor Edwards, the chief executive's adviser that is to be taken up by the Govern- on economic matters ; Director Stanton ment. This fact can be proven by his Youngberg of the Bureau of Animal action towards Mindanao Island. Re- Husbandry ; Director Manuel Roxas of cently he visited Mindanao and some of the Bureau of Plant Industry ; and the adjacent islands. With his personal Director Arthur Fischer of the Bureau knowledge and with information that of Forestry. These officers are now he could gather among the leading peo- studying the potential wealth of Min- ple in these islands, he knows that Min- danao. danao is an island that holds great The leading Filipinos in the Hawai- potential wealth, sufficiently adequate to ian Islands appreciate very much the be developed by the Government. Not- great interest of Governor Davis in the withstanding this he does not make development of the natural resources of recommendations to the bureaus con- the Philippine Islands. 418 THE MID-PACIFIC Riminu urro7n-vrt • • . *** v...y.g.$02. ,• 'vivo' •13.43miv.v.)40A,.! Development of Travel on the Pacific By JAMES KING STEELE Executive Secretary, Philippine Tourist Association Before the Pan-Pacific Club of Honolulu _IMMI''icaiLlini.=Micenuiancaicincona1'" • • • a • hattpliathaupi The advertising of communities is not say, by reason of the great development a new thing, while the advertising by com- in facilities for crossing it, the vast im- munities for the purpose of increasing provement in shipping, brought about an their business in tourists, in industries and era of eastward movement which has re- in other forms of material development, sulted, particularly since the war, in the is comparatively recent. era of "Europe for the tourist." In the earliest days, the advertising of We have heard a great deal about the communities came from the reputation of coining era of the Pacific but this can no those high in authority. Thus we have longer be classed as coming, because the countries of history coming into prom- era of the Pacific is already here. It be- inence largely because of the outstanding gan far back in those days when Balboa figures of the times. For example, India stood on the heights and looked across was known through the doings of Bud- over the vast tumbling waters which he dha, although Buddha, with his self-effac- designated "Pacific," because of the ing doctrine possibly had no idea that he smooth and sunlit character on that par- would ever be an advertising man for the ticular day. great country of India. In the Bible times Following this came Magellan, with his Joseph, the Prime Minister of Egypt, did wonderful cruise in 1521, around the a lot of advertising for his country, when, southern end of the continent through after the seven full years of abundant the Straits that bear his name and across crops, there came the famine and he let the Pacific to the Philippines. These were it be known to all the world that Egypt westward passages, but there is another had the goods, and wanted to sell them. route, not so well known in history, of Still later came Solomon, who did more the first eastbound passage in this won- to put his country on the map in those derful era of the Pacific. early days than any other man. In the This, strange to say, was made by a earliest recorded instance of his fame he Japanese who started from Japan two attracted the Queen of Sheba, who came years before the English settled in James- from afar to see the glory that was his. town, and a full fifteen years before the His personality reflected on his country, Pilgrim fathers landed at Plymouth. It and the building of the great temple was was in 1605 that Hasekura Rokuemon heralded throughout the entire east. was sent from Japan by his overlord to We have heard of the various ages, or learn about the countries of Europe, of eras, connected with the seas. The era of which so much had been told by the Jes- the Mediterranean was that time during uit fathers who had been in Japan as which the arts and culture of Greece and missionaries. He sailed from Sendai in Rome reached their zenith. Following northern Japan with a crew of sixty-eight this, as men pushed westward, came the men, on a small boat, across the Bering era of the Atlantic, and this, strange to Straits, cruised down the Alaskan and THE MID-PACIFIC 419 'California coasts, put in at Acapulco, new impetus. The far-flung round-the- Mexico, for a brief rest and repairs, and world service of the Dollar line, operating then proceeded onward around Cape on express schedules with clocklike regu- Horn, through the Straits of Magellan larity across the Pacific and around the and after two years reached Portugal, world, has been an amazing factor in Spain, and Rome. The account of his American shipping. The services from voyaging, this first great Eastward Odes- the Pacific Coast, from San Francisco sey of the Pacific, can be seen in the rec- and from Seattle and Vancouver have ords of the Vatican, and there is also a also been elements in the doubling up of duplicate of this in the feudal castle at the shipping business across this great Sendai, Japan, together with the picture ocean. of this great adventurer and the Pope of It is interesting to recall that while that day. the California committees first thought of Hasekura Rokuemon was the first ad- advertising themselves and making every vertising man from the Orient to Europe effort to attract at least some other parts traveling eastward. There were others of America to their cities and shores, who came overland in even earlier days, Hawaii had started in a modest way with Marco Polo and his followers, but none its tourist bureau. The Swiss government of them were interested in the Pacific. was the first to recognize the importance The story of American Pacific shipping of the American dollar and to put on a is one that is familiar to most of us, the regular campaign of advertising to at- sagas of the clipper ships, the races with tract this trade. This was done by the the crack sailers of the day laden with Swiss railroads, which started to adver- tea and silk are part of history. tise in American magazines, as early as The actual shipping on the Pacific, 1907. That their example was consid- however, operated on regular schedules, ered a good one can be seen by glancing began with the sailing of the Colorado over the pages of the national magazines from San Francisco in 1869. This was of the day, and noticing that practically the first regularly maintained schedule every European country is using space started by the old Pacific Mail Company, therein to present the attractions served and it was continued without interruption by its rail and steamship lines. Italy, for seventy-five years. This service in- France, Germany, Swede n, and even cluded Hawaii, and was one of the factors North Africa are all represented. in bringing it to the attention of the rest The countries around the Pacific have of the world. The first east-bound serv- now awakened to the necessity of public- ice came from Japan in 1896, and it also ity. The Pan-Pacific Union, while not an touched Honolulu, although it had Seat- advertising organization in the ordinarily tle for its port. It may be said in passing accepted sense of the word has in a way that this history is repeating itself at this been one of the outstanding factors in time with the services of the Canadian arousing interest in the countries of the Pacific coming from the coast to Hono- Pacific littoral. The vision of Alexander lulu, then turning north and west to Hume Ford, the inspiration of his untir- Yokohama. Following this service by the ing activity, the world-wide scope of his Nippon Yusen Kaisha, which began with outlook, have made the Pan-Pacific Union the Miike Maru in 1896, came the Japan- one of the recognized powers in the mold- Honolulu-San Francisco service of an- ing of public opinion, and, while it is not other Japanese line in 1898. This was the primarily a commercial advertising organ- Toyo Kisen Kaisha. ization, it has left its imprint on every With the opening of the Panama Canal community with which it has come in con- in 1913, trans-Pacific shipping received a tact. 420 THE MID-PACIFIC Other bureaus, such as the Japan Tour- attracting tourists who will spend their ist Bureau, came along in due order. The money .and thus increase the business of Japan Tourist Bureau was founded in these countries, have no cultural value. 1912, and originally was promoted to as- This, however, is a mistake. Human sist visitors from foreign shores in seeing intercourse is the greatest factor in the Japan in comfort, and in arriving at a betterment of human relations. Every better understanding of Japanese customs tourist who visits Hawaii and continues and ways. For many years it operated to Japan, China, Philippines, India, Java, on this basis only, making no effort to attract visitors to its shores, but content- returns to his home a better informed and ing itself with assisting those who had more sympathetic person than when he already come there. left it. It has been said that it is difficult Within the last year, however, a change to hate a person whom you really know, has taken place and now this bureau is and it is also generally admitted that working in a very determined manner to those people who have mutual under- attract visitors to Japan, as well as to standing can not help but find something serve them after they arrive. The Hawaii of mutual respect when once they know Tourist Bureau took a new lease on life each other. Most of the international dis- about 1915, and has been a wonderful agreements have come through lack of element in arousing interest in the Pa- understanding of the needs, the ambitions, cific, at least as far as the Hawaiian historical backgrounds and customs of Islands. There are other organizations of those with whom the discussions are tak- a similar character. In Indo-China is the ing place. The tourist who goes to and French bureau, "Tourism," with head- from the countries bordering the Pacific, quarters at Saigon. In Java the official whether it be Chinese and Japanese visit- tourist bureau is also called the Bureau ing America or Americans visiting China of Tourism, with headquarters in Bata- and Japan, can not help but find some- via, and last but we hope not least we thing to admire, something to respect, to have the Philippine Tourist Association, soften the prejudice which he carried which has just been organized for the away from his home, and it is for this purpose of doing its share in arousing reason that the increase of tourist travel interest in the lands that border the Pa- between any of the countries of the world cific. is of such vast importance that govern- It may be said that these bureaus, be- ments are now recognizing its value, both ing purely commercial in character, or- officially and unofficially, and are assisting ganized for the primary purpose of in its development. THE MID-PACIFIC 421 • • K.:711171_171 • • • • • M t1,34V,VVVIVAIM10,MI P4 k 4. .,• Hawaii As It Relates to the Travel T Industry 4 E By HARRY N. BURHANS g• Special Representative of the San Francisco Chamber of Commerce in the Hawaiian Islands 4 haunt/con/int • • tnitLnLtn1tnttnuea My mission is primarily to make a ges- and other European nations. Here in Ha- ture of goodwill to our friends of the waii we are made up of Japaese, Chinese, Hawaiian Islands as some appreciation of Malays, Filipinos, Samoans, Fiji Island- their consistently courteous attitude to- ers, Portuguese, South Americans, and wards San Francisco, and what we have the peoples of Oceania including the Poly- in mind is starting from the traditional nesians, Melanesians, Micronesians and friendship between our cities to see that all the Antipodes. no effort on our part is lacking to pro- Just as the Norwegians and the Ital- mote that friendship and the activity of ians, the Germans and the French, the business and social relationship. English, and the Dutch and other Euro- We are on the eve of the arrival in Hilo pean nations have intermingled, so have of the San Francisco Chamber of Com- the Japanese and the Hawaiians, the merce, on its "Around the Pacific Cruise." Samoans and the Chinese and the Amer- They have been nearly ninety days away icans with the other peoples of the Pa- from home. How good it will feel to cific until we have the birth of a new them to debark in Hawaii, an integral nation. The Hawaiian Islands have a part of the most wonderful country in the population of over 236,000 good Ameri- world, the great and glorious United can citizens of which 40,000 are white. States of America. They have visited in In this Paradise of the United States the last three months, China, Japan, In- as well as the Pacific a marvelous work dia, Java, Philippine Islands, Australia, has been done. The schools and colleges New Zealand, Fiji and Samoa. are turning out thousands of young Amer- Undoubtedly, they have been deeply im- ican citizens of the United States who will pressed with the gigantic problems of the carry on the industrial and social educa- countries of the Pacific, especially as they tion to the countries of their ancestors. relate to social and industrial United Hawaii is the University of the United States, and realize through visualization Countries of the Pacific ; here Americans that with the tide of commerce which has can also get their preparatory education very definitely returned to the Pacific in the customs, lives and habits of the Ocean, that a herculean task is ahead of Orientals and peoples of the Antipodes. the United States in carrying out a pro- The mainland of the United States has gram of education greater than any prob- passed the pioneer stage and is living in lem of its kind that the peoples of our an industrial era that will call for social country have ever had to solve. and economic watchfulness of the coun- The United States is cosmopolitan—we tries of the Pacific, and the big men and are made up on the mainland primarily of women of that great vital part of the French, English, Russians, German s, United States, the Hawaiian Islands, have Hungarians, Greeks, Italians, Spanish by sacrifice, diligence and perseverance 422 THE MID -PACIFIC and their remarkable foresight laid a the Theosophist and the Pillar of Fire. foundation built upon love and truth, a I do believe in the Law of Progress, in spirit of friendship that will call for much the Law of Cause and Effect and most greater study, thought, and action, by the sincerely believe that the Supreme Being, peoples of the mainland. who guides and molds the destiny of the The outlook of America is very defi- world, has the most perfect plan of organ- nitely westward instead of eastward and ization possible to conceive. the time has come, in my judgment, when We all know that this is the first time the foundation must be laid for correlat- in the history of the United States that ing the social and industrial possibilities both the President and Vice-President of of the Pacific and a definite plan and pol- the United States are from west of the icy adopted which can only be done by Mississippi River. Six members of Pres- cooperating with the people of Hawaii ident Hoover's cabinet are from the mid- and governed by their guiding hand. dle west and west, three from the east Travel originated in Asia, as far as and one from New England. known, after the famous adventure of The Literary Digest says: "For the Noah, and it has never deviated in its first time in our history, as the Boston progress westward. After the rise and Herald notes, the Far West will be in the fall of the Roman and Ottoman Empires, saddle," with Willis C. Hawley of Ore- a young man who believed the world was gon, chairman of the House Ways and round, with the financial support of Means Committee, and Reed Smoot of- Queen Isabella, started on an expedition- Utah, chairman of the Senate Finance ary tour of the Atlantic and I believe Committee. when he landed in San Salvador the first The eyes of America are turned and thing he did was to locate the biggest tree the tide of progress is moving westward. he could find, take out his pocket knife The industrial and social problems of the and carve "Christopher Columbus, Tour- United States, up to the close of the ist No. 1." World War, were in Europe—now they. The law of progress has always been are centered in the countries of the Pa- westward and each western step has fol- cific and South America. They so far sur-. lowed in the wake of a war. It was after pass in commercial, industrial and social, the Revolutionary War that the venture- magnitude the problems of Europe that some went to the Alleghenies ; following it is almost impossible to visualize them. the War of 1812 the next step was to the It is a call for greater appreciation of the Mississippi ; after the close of the Civil progress of the races and the realization War the middle western states were set- of commercial trade possibilities. You tled, and now after the World War the are all more familiar with the possibilities tide of commerce has returned to the of the Pacific than I am. The problems Pacific from where it left, over 436 years of education and developing trade, corn-. ago. mercial and social relations with the coun-_ I do not know just what religious creed tries of the Pacific and the mainland are. I belong to, but am somewhere between not tremendous,, or gigantic, but, titanic.. THE MID-PACIFIC 423 A portion of Vladivostok in Siberia, where Russia's influence on the Pacific centers. .fii„,,,„,,-7,,,„,7.,,=„„„,,,„„.,,„,.,,„„„,„,„„i„,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,iii„,T7r„,n,ii„,,,„vnvi Russia and Beyond By HIRESCHI SAITO Japan's Consul General at New York, Before Pan-Pacific Club of Tokyo 1 I have been asked to speak today about scantily provided with beverages. But you would very soon begin to like the my recent trip to Europe in company with Mr. Kuhara, whose mission it was Russian tea served in tall glasses. At to study the economic conditions in Rus- any time of the day you cry out, "Stacan chai," and in a moment you will be sip- sia and Germany. We made a hasty ping the savory amber-colored fluid. journey, visiting Moscow, Leningrad, Warsaw, Berlin, Paris, Rome, Nice, Nor was the seven days trip from London and Peking in about seventy Manfjouri to Moscow tedious. We had the advantage of traveling in a party, days. but if you were traveling by yourself you We left Tokyo at the end of October and took the Siberian route. We found would soon find a congenial co-passen- the Siberian railway very comfortable, ger on such a train. Moreover, the views contrary to the warnings we had re- from the windows are ever-changing— ceived. Of course, you could not expect now the boundless plain dotted with low- the luxury of the "20th Century Lim- ing herds and then the undulating hills ited" or "Dover Express," but the cabins covered with silver birch trees ; now the are spacious, the cars are well heated— limpid water of Lake Baikal and then the sometimes too well—and the food gen- whitewashed towers of Irkutsk remin- erally very good. So far as drinks are iscent of old czarist days. The snow is concerned, you had better take a few not deep in southern Siberia, one foot bottles of your special brand with you, or two at most, and, judging from the since, apart from vodka, which is uni- latitude, the virgin land ought to be formly good, the dining car is very capable of at least such development as 424 THE MID-PACIFIC now is accomplished in Canada. It ap- which was on the verge of being en- pears to be the duty of the Russians who gulfed by the influx of bolshevism, it hold this rich tract of land in trust to would seem to have been the only prac- develop it as early as possible in the tical means. She has been saved and is interests of human progress and happi- now entering a new regime of peace and ness. prosperity under the powerful guidance We reached Moscow on November 7, of the Duce. the very day of the tenth anniversary of In Germany, we were strongly im- the Bolshevist revolution. Partly because pressed by the successful advance of her we had planned to finish our visit to economic reconstrucion. The earnest co- other European countries first, and part- operation of the whole nation was per- ly because we learned that the Russian ceivable everywhere. Especially our at- leaders whom we desired to meet would tention was directed to the so-called na- be very much occupied on account of the tionalization movement in her economic anniversary celebration, we started next life. It is at the minimum waste and day to Berlin via Warsaw. We stayed the maximum efficiency. On that account one day in Berlin, and after arranging there occurred the unemployment ques- with the Japanese embassy there in re- tion at one time, but the recovery in her gard to interviews and the collection of general economic life has already given materials for study for our return three a practical solution to that often knotty weeks later, we went on to Paris. We problem. then proceeded to Rome, Nice and Lon- As a part of the nationalization pro- don. But I would not tarry today to gram, the minister of home affairs was talk about those cities. We stayed only proposing, about the time we were in two or three days at each place and, I Berlin, the abolition of museums in pro- fear I can add very little to what you vincial towns and the assignment of such already know about them. Only I would buildings for more productive purposes. say a word about our interview with We admired the German determination Premier Mussolini at Rome. We wanted to work out her economic salvation. It to meet that strong man modern Italy was an inspiring object lesson to us. has produced. In his square brow and Moreover, the diplomacy and peace and his shining eyes we could discern that reconciliation so ably conducted by Mr. iron will which put him in the van of Stresseman seems to be giving salutary his fascist followers, eradicated bolshev- stimulus to her economic development. ism from the land of Italy in a clay, and We came back to Moscow early in lifted a blacksmith's son to a lasting December. It was about the time Trotsky fame. He talked in a soft voice ; he was and his followers were being expelled modest in saying that his work of re- from the Communist party. The dissen- constructing Italy had only begun. He sions hinged on the question of how to had a rose between his fingers and often revive industrial activities. Trotsky and put it to his nose while he talked. He is party advocated favor to industrial work- a hard worker. He is, besides being the ers at the expense of farm workers, premier, the minister of foreign affairs, while the present powers that be, headed home affairs, army, navy and air forces by Stalin, placed more importance on the at the same time. He is running the farmers who form by far the largest whole show himself, and running it proportion of the Russian population. It splendidly. Of course, his methods are was early discerned that the Marxian most drastically despotic. They tend to socialism could not be carried out to the suppress the natural and free growth of letter in practice. It gave way to the the people's initiative. They may not hold new economic policy in 1921 and again good in other countries, but in Italy, to the now new economic policy in 1925. THE MID- PACIFIC 425 But still the trouble is that there exists ghanistan, Persia, and Lithunia. She an inordinate gap between the prices of will surely continue her efforts in this farm products and the prices of indus- direction. trial manufactures—the "scissors" that We could not but admire the energy cut to the bone of the economic life of that Japan and Russia who are geogra- the people. phically neighbors and natural co-part- Soviet Russia is turning toward right ners are showing on the path of human because that is the only direction to go advancement. to effect her economic reconstruction. I may add that we were further very She needs capital for that purpose. She much impressed with the way in which has succeeded in forming an effective ar- pictures and other objects of art were rangement with Germany. She is also preserved and shown for the advance- advocating saving to the people. Govern- ment of people's culture. It was also ment post cards bear the announcement admirable that operas and ballets are that from 8 to 9 per cent interest will daily enjoyed by the hard working la- he paid to postal saving deposits. borers. We had an opportunity to go to Notice should also be taken of the the former Tsarcoeselo, about 15 miles change in the Russian inheritance law. outside Leningrad, where the former Formerly only less than 10,000 rubles Tsar and his family spent their summer was permitted to be bequeathed. Now days. The palace is preserved in exactly the limitation of the amount has been the same way as left by the Emperor and rescinded, only the inheritance tax be- his family when they fled. The books comes higher according as the amount are left on the table as daily used by the increases. Russia is trying all she can Emperor. The pictures adorn the Tsar- to gain capital to save her industry. She ina's room as in the days of yore. The is now turning her attention more to her wardrobes of the princesses were full domestic reconstruction, hence her policy with beautiful gowns and a robe bore the of peace to neighboring nations. She has mark "Respectfully made by Mistu- already succeeded in concluding a secur- koshi." We left the palace at dusk of ity treaty with France, Germany, Af- day, full of sentiment and reminiscences. -426 THE MID-PACIFIC Cryptomeria trees three hundred years old Poetic inspiration in Japan springs from such meditative scenes as these: an avenue of ancient cryPto- merias, and the ever-magnificent outlines of Mt. Fuji. THE MID-PACIFIC 427 1,U,1,1711VIC7ITThiC7r1Unc7nurp:71:runuiluiTuric;FIUIT7NunVi runurroc untniununqr The Director of the Pan-Pacific Union Visits Tokyo tAliAndinni2.1 The lobby of the Imperial Hotel is very talk for an hour and a half—and that is. like our palm garden at the Pan-Pacific not so long for a student body in Japan. Clubhouse in Honolulu. Here passes in I compromised and agreed to show pic- procession men from almost every Pacific tures of the work in Hawaii for an hour land and every moment someone seems to and to talk for half an hour. drop out of line to speak to me. H. B. Benninghoff of Waseda dropped I had been in the hotel but a few mo- in to tell me that the Pan-Pacific Students' ments when Dr. N. E. Wayson stopped to Club at the University was doing well and say aloha and to tell me of the Far East- that I was to be its guest at the weekly ern Tropical Medical meet in Bangkok, Sunday supper, and Benninghoff tells. which I was supposed to attend last De- me be supplies the students with an ex- cember. It seems that Hawaii has third cellent feed at thirty sen (fifteen cents) choice as to the 1933 meet, with China a head. first ; the decision to be made later. Prob- Then there was an old friend of mine—_ ably by 1933 the Pan-Pacific Union will from the Rotary Club—and I was booked have been taken over as an official union for a talk there, and in line was the presi- of the Pacific governments, and it can set- dent of the American Chamber of Com- tle the matter of a great Pan-Pacific Med- merce, and a talk there, and, of course, a ical Congress. visit from Viscount Inouye and a discus-. Next a young man introduced himself sion as to my talk at the Pan-Pacific to me as Hiram Bingham, Jr., and stated luncheon on Friday, notice of which is in that he was an attache at the Embassy ; great red letters on the poster in the- he, too, had visited South America over lobby. the route I had traveled, and is one of the Another visitor was Juju Kasai, who staunch supporters in Tokyo of the Pan- helped me in 1917 to organize the Pan- Pacific Club, so we became good friends Pacific Club of San Francisco ; he was one at once. of the speakers and a brilliant one. He Next it was B. M. Matsuzawa, former- is a director now of the Pan-Pacific Club. ly of the Nuuanu "Y," and now one of in Tokyo. I recall at the first Pan-Pacific the workers in Tokyo of the Pan-Pacific Club banquet in San Francisco there were Good Relations Club here. While the Pan- some 300 diners gathered at the St. Fran-. Pacific Club lunches at the Imperial Hotel cis Hotel and no chairman ; everyone was on Friday and the speeches are in Eng- worried but myself ; I insisted that a lish, Wednesday is the lunch day of the chairman was unnecessary — this in a Pan-Pacific Good Relations Club, and the town that was chairman-mad—so as all talks are in Japanese, but all foreigners the races sat at their respective tables and understanding Japanese are welcomed. the speakers lined up at the speakers' table Next I had a call from a student at the I announced that there would be no chair- Aoyama Gakuin, Shizuka Goda, repre- man, that I would make a few remarks sentative of the Pan-Pacific Cosmopolitan introducing the first speaker ; he would Club, now in its fifth year at the college. give his address and introduce the next I was asked to address the Club and to speaker and so on to the end. It worked_ 428 THE MID-PACIFIC like clockwork and was one of the most take over officially, conduct and finance successful Pan-Pacific events I recall. the Pan-Pacfic Union. The Japan Adver- In line was a young Buddhist student tiser buildings were burned last Septem- from Hawaii and one of the Japanese del- ber, but B. Y. Fleisher, the proprietor, egates to the late Buddhist Conference in tells me that he resumes publication on Honolulu. They came to invite me to a March 15th. Buddhist feast and I accepted. Then While I talked with Prince Tokugawa there was the invitation from Prince To- on the arrival of the Tatsuta Maru at Yo- kugawa to his luncheon party, and others kohama, I visited Dr. R. Masujima, who that I had to jot down. came down to the boat to meet me. We Day after day in the Imperial Hotel got together later in the lobby of the Im- lobby I held something akin to Pan-Pa- perial Hotel and are planning great plans. cific Club receptions. Miss Agnes Alex- I have just learned of another Pan-Pa- ander, of Honolulu, was a visitor to invite cific Club in Tokyo; Norikazu Muramaru me to address her Bahai Club. Then a of Honolulu is founder. It is a Junior group of Hawaiian-Japanese boys who Club and I am to address it. There are wished me to help them organize an Aloha at least half a dozen active Pan-Pacific Club of those in Tokyo who have lived in organizations at work in Tokyo, to say or who have visited Hawaii, and we are nothing of those in Kyoto, Osaka, and hard at it. Then there was S. Shiba and other Japanese centers. his two sons who, with young Nitobe, There is work enough for me lined up conduct the Japan Times. We have some already to keep me busy for a year or great times in view, to be announced later. more in Tokyo, but the idea of making Young Soga, with one of the Sakamaki the Pan-Pacific Union an official organi- boys, is still at Doshisha University. I zation financed by the Pacific govern- shall see them when I go down to Kyoto ments is gripping the fancy of the people to address the Pan-Pacific Club there. here in Japan and I wish to move on and One of the delegates to the recent Pan- secure the cooperation of China. With Pacific Women's Conference, Miss Ka- Hawaii leading, I think the other Pacific wasaki, came from her school many miles governments will now fall in line and away to invite me to meet with the Jap- make the Pan-Pacific Union an official sis- anese delegates, and from far off Osaka ter of the Pan-American Union with and even Hokkaido I am receiving notes probably Honolulu, on account of its cen- and messages from delegates who have tral position, the real capital of the Pa- attended Pan-Pacific conferences in Ho- cific, which it should be. The dream of a nolulu. Mrs. Gauntlett is organizing a great Pan-Pacific building in Honolulu is Pan-Pacific Women's Club here in Tokyo. coming down to earth and I think with a Hugh Byas, once editor of the Japan little more effort on the part of Hawaii, it Advertiser, is back again in Japan as cor- will all come true. My work is now in the respondent of the London Times and of countries about our ocean, meeting the the New York Times, to both of which men who can bring all this about and se- papers he sent long cables as to the plan curing their cooperation — and this I am to have the governments about our ocean doing. THE MID-PACIFIC 429 Fijians in ceremonial costume il.711() 1--71 PUITC:71R7111:7111;71C711L7r1C711C7ricmunpr T71111.71, Fire Walkers in Fiji By KEITH E. CULLAM After just completing a short, but very the fact of the obsequious camera man interesting, trip to some of the islands in that we were treated to perhaps a much the Fijian Group, and having had the longer performance than ordinarily. It is opportunity of personally witnessing a stated on good authority that there is only very strange custom of one of the tribes one tribe in the Colony who still main- of Fijians, that of the "Fire Walkers," tain this custom of the mysterious "Fire I feel that an account of the strange cus- Dance," and there has not been any per- tom would be of interest to the Millions formance for many years, so that the ex- Club readers, and I will endeavor to perience gained was not only interesting, give my version of this custom. and unique, but an exceedingly lucky one Before explaining the "Fire Walkers" for the privileged few who were present. and their rite or custom, I must point out The procedure was as follows :- that although I, in company with a num- A broad, square, shallow pit is dug in ber of others, was present and obtained soft ground which is level (but there is some very fine photographs, the peculiar- generally a hill adjacent where non-par- ities, tribal traditions and folk-lore have ticipants gather). In this pit a roaring been passed on to me by several old resi- fire of logs is prepared, perhaps twenty- dents of Suva. four hours earlier. There are then laid The situation where the ceremony took on these burning logs some twenty to place was at "Lami," which is situated thirty stones, of approximately three feet about five miles from Suva, and we were in circumference, which are allowed to indebted to a great extent to "Fox Movie- remain until they become red hot—and tone Pictures," who were present and there is no question about their heat. I filmed the ceremony, and it was due to could not bear my hand within a foot of 430 THE MID-PACIFIC one of them, and after dropping a box this performance, but the Fijians have of safety matches on one of the stones it such a wonderful wealth of folk-lore, immediately ignited. These stones are much of which has not yet been exploited, then levelled off, all debris scraped away that it would. be hard to state definitely by the natives who have long poles for which one is true. However, I give the the purpose. The performers (who, up reasons which were given to me and they , till this time, are hidden behind a clump are : Firstly, "that it is a religious cere- of trees) then advance to the pit, and mony adopted many years ago for the walk solemnly round the heated stones. purpose of inflaming or irritating the pas- This was done about a dozen times, there sions to fire the soul with religious fer- being eight actual "Fire Walkers," who vor." Secondly, "the young warrior was are bare to the waist, from which is hung made to walk over the stones to give him festoons of native grass and leaves, the life and spirit, or to fire, perhaps, the lat- feet being absolutely bare. I examined ent genius within him." Then there is the and felt one of the performer's feet im- legend told in verse by J. W. Davidson, mediately after his walk over the hot entitled "The Legend of the Vilavilair- stones, and they were not burnt in any evo," the word meaning "Fire Dance." It way, and were not warmer than their feet is stated that this custom originated on generally are. The skin is certainly tough, the Island of Bengga, where the custom but that is to be expected, as they never is generally performed ; that a dwarf of cover them at any time. I could not see the tribe, called "Namoliwai," who that any of the performers experienced proved to the king of the tribe, "Galita," any pain of any sort, nor did they utter a when sentenced to be baked on red hot sound when actually performing their stones (which were, up till then, used for pleasant little walk. roasting "masawe" roots) that he could Most of the remaining tribe all sit tread without injury on the stones. This round the pit and chant a weird dirge that mystery was then passed on to the tribe. might mean anything to us, but probably However, which is correct, as stated be- means a lot to them. The pit is then cov- fore, I cannot say ; nor can I, or many ered in with green branches, and stamped other people, including our own scientists, down with earth, and various native roots explain the strange mysterious "Fire and foods (smelt like pig) are roasted Dance," and why the performers are not underneath. A dense smoke is caused by burnt. It is indeed an exhibition that the green branches, and the heat close to should any readers have the opportunity the pit is terrific. of witnessing, I am sure they will be am- There are various reasons given for ply repaid the time spent in watching. THE MID-PACIFIC 431 y Australasia ?, from .1786-1827. ° _ _ (Not annexed). Eastern Part, undefined vestward, annexed by Captain Cook 1770. 164 NEW SOUTH WALES. 1,494,054 sq. m. (1786).'72 Total Area (shaded) 1,584,998. sq. m. 1,454,312 sq. m. NEW ZEALAND. LAulacetelsa. VAN DIEMEN'S LAND. 26,215 sq. m. 104,471 sq. m. ElobaM1 (till 1853). (Separation 1825). Australasia before the settlement of Tasmania (formerly Van Diemen's Land) •7nUrnpriprayripi • • 41. • iy."),2, • • IC.711C71 • PUITC7IVC11 The Story of Port Arthur By CLIVE LORD tivr•IrittlrodiriritntitildbfAll" • • • itetIVEA • SONO • • aaaa tiettON. In 1830 the first settlement at Port how rapidly the old order is changing Arthur, at the southern extremity of and giving place to the new. Yet quickly Tasmania, took place. The twin pen- as the structures of a past era are being insulas of the southeast formed a na- removed, the process has been quicker in tural penitentiary, and with the guard other places. and consequently Port at Eaglehawk Neck and a post at East Arthur has become a locality to which Bay Neck, escape of convicts over- many people throng who desire to see the land was well-nigh impossible. The old ruins. station as a penal establishment was If one visits Port Arthur it is as well finally given up in 1877, but it had to ascend to the summit of the knoll ceased to function as a large penal es- which overlooks the church. From tablishment many years before this latter Scorpion Rock, as this locality is called, date. Its architectural relics represent, a magnificent panorama is spread out. In therefore, a rather wonderful lesson as the foreground rise the tower and pin- to what was accomplished in quite a short nacles of the church ; in the middle dis- space of time. tance the remains of many of the other Today, as one looks at the relics of this buildings of the settlement, together with past page of our history and notes how the homes and stores of the modern town- they are giving place to more modern ship of Carnarvon. Beyond the avenue structures, one cannot help but realize of oaks and the fringing eucalypts of 432 THE MID-PACIFIC the shore glisten the silvery waters of the ment. The peal of bells which used to bay, sheltered from the more open waters send their clarion call across the waters by the encircling arm of Point Puer and of the bay are now heard in another part the Isle des Morts, above which rise the of the island. rounded outlines of Arthur's Seat and Tales are told of certain tragedies the hills which form the eastern shore of which took place during the erection of the outer harbor of Port Arthur. the church, and it is even said that one What tales the ruins of the foreground of the men whilst engaged at work fix- could tell if the walls could but speak of ing the flashings and spoutings was de- all that took place within them ! For in- tected making spurious coins from the stance, the church of the foreground. lead. Whatever tales were told, it is al- The foundation stone as laid by Colonel ways well to remember that many ab- George Arthur on April 25, 1836, and normal beings, who in our day would be the first service held on July 24, 1837. kept within the limits of a lunatic asylum, When one considers that the church was were in the early days of last century set capable of seating upwards of 1500 peo- to work in prison gangs and equipped ple, its construction must have been car- with tools which aided their distorted ried out in an expeditious manner. Never- imaginations towards thoughts of vio- theless, it was soundly built, for in spite lence. of fire and neglect its walls still stand, To the left of the church, as viewed and the ivy creeps upwards over tower from the Scorpion Rock, the ruins of the and pinnacles. If any building of the old Government Cottage can be seen, whilst regime is worthy of construction, it is leading down to the water of the bay is surely this edifice whose architectural a magnificent avenue of English oaks. qualities and picturesque setting render it To the right stand out the ruins of the well worthy of preservation. It was penitentiary, the high brick walls extend- designed by an exile known as "Mason," ing from Champ Street to the water's although this was probably not his real edge, now but a broken pile of brickwork. name. He afterwards secured his free- The building when first built was a great dom and later practised his profession in advance on previous penal structures in Sydney. this or other settlements of the same Lacking spire, roof, and fittings, vet period. It was capable of accommodat- the gaunt stone walls stand out, and the ing between 600 and 700 men in separate Gothic arches and pinnacles compel many cells and dormitories. The first floor a lingering glance. The old church well was arranged with a double tier of cells, repays such examination, for it is built, with galleries connecting them. The mess as Kebel writes, "in a style of archi- room was on the second floor, while on tecture which to me at least is, in com- the third floor were further dormitories. parison with all others, the most beautiful The bakehouses, kitchens, washhouses, of all, and by far the most in harmony etc., were on the ground floor, a complete with the mysteries of religion." system of lifts being in use in order to Attractive as its ruins are, yet how deliver food to the penitentiary rooms. much more so must the edifice have been Looking beyond the bare walls of the when in use. Every care was taken of it, penitentiary the old commandant's resi- and the surroundings kept in perfect or- dence may be seen nestling amidst a grove der. For almost forty years it remained of eucalypts and English trees. Touse intact, but in 1875 the long tapering spire house has been occupied more or less, so was destroyed by a gale, and a few years does not show the effects of time to the later fire destroyed practically all but the extent that many of the other buildings walls---not only of this, but of many of do. The picturesque setting of the senior the other structures within the settle- officer's quarters can be well realized, but THE MID -PACIFIC 433 in the days of long ago, when the grounds "perfectly astonishing" and the episode were kept in perfect order, the residence doubtless had its sequel in the construc- must have added a note of charm to the tion of the overland "railway" to Long general aspect of the settlement. Refer- Bay. Locomotives were absent, however, ence to the Commandant's quarters turns and man-power provided the propelling one's thoughts to those who were en- force on the up grades. trusted with the great responsibilities of Across the bay, Point Puer extends its the control of the Port Arthur settlement sheltering arm, shutting out the ocean and the various out-stations attached to roll. Here in years gone by the younger it. One figure stands out prominently— prisoners were stationed. It must be Captain Charles O'Hara Booth, who in recollected that such was the tenor of the space of ten years did such wonder- public opinion in the Mother-land of a ful work. Taking over the command on century ago that boys of quite tender the 16th of March, 1833, but three years years were transported overseas for of- after the initial foundation of the settle- fences which in our day would be re- ment, Booth worked from daylight to garded as schoolboy pranks. dark, and even on occasions well into the A visitor to Point Puer in the early night, in the interests of the settlement. forties of last century has recorded the A vast amount of constructional work fact that between six and seven hundred was carried out within the main settle- boys were then stationed there. When ment itself. In addition, out-stations first received they were instructed in the were established. Coal mines were opened use of agricultural implements and up, and every effort made to develop the taught to cultivate the ground and grow natural resources of the Peninsula. Booth the vegetables and other such necessary examined the whole of his domain. He items for their section of the settlement. sailed round it in a boat and walked over After a term of good conduct the option the country in all directions. Gradually of a trade was conceded, five or six be- the means of communication were im- ing submitted for election. In each de- proved. A system of signalling was in- partment there were competent instruc- stalled by Captain Booth, and by means tors, and the boys were thus given a of several stations erected on prominent chance of making good in the world. hills it was possible to send a message Many of them did so. to Hobart and receive a reply in a few Social progress advanced rapidly and minutes. It is of interest to note that with the knowledge we have today it is Captain Booth's own signal book, with most difficult to realize the tenor of the code of signals as developed by him, thought which existed but a century ago. is now one of the treasured possessions Such a realization is essential, however, of the Library of the Royal Society of if we are to see the old architectural re- Tasmania. Another item which was due mains of Port Arthur in their correct per- to his organizing ability was the tramway spective. They represent a forceful page from Taranna to Long Bay. Traces of of the island's early history ; but a more this old railway can still be seen. Its in- enlightened public opinion prevails today. terest lies in the fact that only a short The yellow jackets and clanking chains time before he left England he had paid have departed from Port Arthur, but the a visit to Newton to see the Manchester locality still retains a wonderful interest, train, .one of the first in England. Booth and visitors come from far and near to records in his diary that the train was see what remains. 434 THE MID-PACIFIC • k1,4p.A..4. • , ,,i,,,,,,,,,i.,,..„, 999 VIInVIYWP • VAIMAPVSIVI9I b The Turkestan-Siberian Railroad q ( From The Far Eastern Review) la farifundLnabannalat atravIremtreltad .142nclunu icTiv anDi The Turkestan-Siberian railroad will result that the native population is com- connect the town of Semipalatinsk on the pelled to use its land to grow grain crops Irtish river in Southern Siberia with the for its own needs. In order to double station Lugovaya on the Pishpen (Frun- the area under industrial crops Central ze) railroad and also with the station Aris Asia must be supplied with at least 1,250,- 160 kilometers from Tashkent. The new 000 metric tons of grain annually, at a railroad will be 1,500 kilometers long. price no more than half as high as that Freight traffic between Siberia and Tur- prevailing at present. The necessary kestan at present is directed by way of quantity of grain at the required price the Urals. The railway distance between can be easily obtained in Siberia where the leading centers of Siberia and Turke- there are large areas of unused fertile stan, namely Novosibirsk and Tashkent, lands and where development of agricul- is at present 4,500 kilometers. When the ture is hindered by the lack of railroads Turkestan-Siberian railroad is completed and therefore of markets. At present the this distance will be reduced to 1,200 price of wheat in Central Asia is five or kilometers. It is estimated that grain six times as high as in Siberia (a pood freight sent from Siberia to Turkestan of wheat costs 40 to 50 kopeks in Siberia, will be carried 1800 kilometers less on and from 2.50 to 3.00 rubles in Central the new railroad than at present. It is Asia). The Turkestan-Siberian railroad primarily to reduce the grain haul be- will make it possible to deliver wheat to tween the two regions that the new road Central Asia at a price of from 1.20 to is being built. 1.50 rubles per pood (36 pounds). At the Central Asia with its subtropical climate same time the Turkestan-Siberian rail- produces and can extend the production road, besides reducing grain prices in Cen- of many valuable industrial crops such tral Asia and increasing the area under as cotton, rice, sugar beets, kendir, kenai, industrial crops, will permit a part of the tobacco, crude drugs and probably crude crops of the northern Causasus and the rubber. To sow grain on the Central Volga district to be exported instead of Asiatic land adapted to the cultivation of being consumed in the U. S. S. R. The more valuable crops is very unprofitable. agricultural development of Siberia will At present 75 per cent of all the sown be another of the important effects of the area is under grain crops, while only 25 construction of the railroad. Siberia can per cent is sown to industrial crops. The supply Central Asia with an unlimited problem on hand is to extend the area quantity of timber which Central Asia is under industrial crops, which will result badly in need of, and also- with coal, iron in increasing the supplies of raw materials and other materials. for textile and other industries. The Turkestan-Siberian railroad will The extension of the industrial crop cross the Kazak Autonomous Republic area is conditioned upon the supply of which, although equalling in area France, grain in the region. The present insuffi- Germany and Italy combined, has only cient transportation facilities force up the 2,000 kilometers of railroads. At present price of grain in Central Asia, with the the native population of the Republic is THE MID- PACIFIC 435 extremely backward culturally and eco- cotton, rice, and timber from several sec- nomically and is engaged largely in cattle tions of Western China and Kashgar to raising. There are practically no towns the U. S. S. R. It will also permit the and little cultivated land. The native establishment of river transportation on population together with its cattle and the Irtish and Ili rivers. tents moves from one place to another. The annual freight turnover of the However, practically all of the territory Turkestan-Siberian railroad for the year along the Turkestan-Siberian railroad is 1931, when completion of the road is ex- suitable for agricultural purposes. It is pected, is esitmated at 1,500,000 metric estimated that the area economically de- tons. In the following years the turnover pendent upon the railroad exceeds 685,- 000 square kilometers, while the total is expected to increase very rapidly. By sowings in the region amount to only 1936 the Turkestan-Siberian railroad is 1,315,000 acres. The density of popula- expected to carry at least 3,000,000 metric tion of the section is only 21/2 per square tons of freight annually with large in- kilometer. The region has a large num- creases from year to year, in view of the ber of cattle and horses (horses 1,250,000 tremendous natural resources of the re- head ; large horned cattle 1,570,000 head ; gion, which have been heretofore little sheep 7,000,000 head ; other cattle 1,100,- exploited. 000). The yearly increment is estimated The region which the railroad will tra- for horses at 7.8 per cent, large horned verse presents varied characteristics. In cattle 13 per cent, and sheep and goats 12 the northern and central sections the sur- per cent. face is very flat. However, in the south- There are vast tracts of timber in the ern part of the region from the Karatel sections bordering on the Turkestan-Si- River to the town of Alma-Ata (formerly berian railroad. The estimate has been Verny) high mountains are found. From made that in the northern part of the Alma-Ata to the point where the Turkes- region alone there are at least ten million tan-Siberian railroad will meet the Pish- acres of forests which have not been ex- pen (Frunze) railroad a high mountain ploited because of lack of transportation range, Ala-Tau, is located. The railway means. In the southern part of the will pass through the Chokpar Pass, region there are more than 17 million which is located 1,200 meters above the acres of forest land. sea level. The Turkestan railroad will traverse a The great difficulties presented by the region abounding in rich mineral re- construction of the railway in isolated sources including coal, manganese, gra- regions are aggravated by the fact that phite, alabaster, salt, oil, gold and precious these mountainous regions are susceptible stones. Of the non-ferrous metals the to earthquakes. Hence it has been decided former Urquhart concession alone is ex- not to build any tunnels in these sections. pected within five years to produce 250,- There have been 25 plans offered to pass 000 metric tons of zinc, lead and copper through the mountain range in the region. annually. In other sections deposits of Investigations have been carried on for non-ferrous metals are also of great mag- almost 20 years, and only lately was it nitude. In the mountainous sections of possible to find a satisfactory road, which the region many beautiful spots with med- does away with the necessity of construct- icinal springs are located. These could ing tunnels. The grade of the road never be the sites of excellent resorts. exceeds 0.8 per cent. The new railroad is expected to be The total cost of the Turkestan-Siber- called upon to transport large quantities ian railroad, including rolling stock and of freight, especially furs, wool, leather, the necessary operating capita 1, will 436 THE MID -PACIFIC amount to 220.000,000 rubles, which is buildings are constructed of brick, distributed as follows: stone or concrete, in accordance with the Rubles local conditions. There are five round- Earthwork 45,000,000 houses, each of which will hold from 15 Rails, ties, etc 37,300,000 to 20 locomotives. Each round-house Bridges, viaducts, etc 35,700,000 has a repair shop for medium and light Station buildings 16,300,000 repairs to the rolling stock. Other buildings 6,100,000 The administration of the road will be Water supply 10,200,000 located at Alma-Ata, the capital of Kazak- Rolling stock 36,000,000 Operating capital 10,000,000 stan. Coal will be used for fuel. Sup- General and other expenses__ 23,400,000 plies of coal can be obtained in the region and can also be delivered from the Kus- Total 220,000,000 netky Basin. The construction of the railway will The Turkestan-Siberian railroad is ex- require : 560,000 cubic meters of timber, pected to start operating in 1931. The 2,500,000 ties, 156.000 tons of rails, bolts, first year of operations is estimated to etc., 45,000 tons of pig iron, 100,000 tons bring a revenue of from 28 to 30 million of cement, 500,000 sq. meters of glass. rubles. The annual operating expenses, Stone and sand are found in unlim- based on the average for the U. S. S. R., ited quantities. The ground of the region will be close to 18,000,000 rubles. The is unusually hard. In the mountainous profit of 12,000,000 rubles will amount sections 8 per cent consists of granite and to 5 per cent of the capital invested. other hard stone. In the other sections For 1936 the estimated revenue and ex- which the railroads will traverse 75 per penditure is as follows: cent is hard, 20 per cent of medium hard- Rubles ness and only 5 per cent soft. Revenue 55,000,000 Twenty-five steam shovels are em- Expenditure 35,000,000 ployed on the construction of the railroad. Profit 20,000,000 Several large bridges have been built, The profit of 20,000,000 rubles will one of 600 meters across the Irtish river, amount to about 10 per cent on the cap- near Semipalatinsk, one of 60 meters ital. across the Ayaguey river, 3 bridges of Therefore, it can be seen that as a com- 120 meters each across the Lepsa, Akst, mercial proposition the railroad will be and Karatel rivers, and one bridge of 80 profitable, aside from its principal pur- meters across the river Chu. pose of helping in the economic develop- During the first year 45 station build- ment of the backward sections of the ings were constructed. The station U. S. S. R. THE MID-PACIFIC 437 Favorite method of traveling in Northern China ••.g1L uxilvtivnununciunKinurrunvrPunr.awiwczip..mriununtinvnuriuravavilv Wonders of the Forbidden City By -WALLACE R. FARR1.NGTON (Publisher of the Honolulu Star-Bulletin) fircinffnpufluciunt innt\nAttry int Thanksgiving Day beginning with a Military forces in limited numbers find visit to the Forbidden City, luncheon use for some of the structures, and the as the guests of Charge d'Affaires and great audience hall structure houses a Madame Haruochi at the embassy of museum with relics of art, intelligence, Japan, two hours of talk, tea and New and civilization from one to 2000 years England doughnuts with Roy Chapman B. C. Here may be found reasons for Andrews, and dinner at the establish- the confidence of young China in the ment of the governor of the province certainty of a great future. Dynasties that includes Peiping is unique and cer- have come and gone. Where dynasties tain to be a pleasant memory for all have fallen, the ashes have been fertile time. for the rise, phoenix-like, to a new Verbal reminders of the Sun Yat-sen grandeur. revolution command attention for hun- If one is able to adjust himself to the dreds of square feet on the walls at "a thousand years in their sight are but either side of the great gates of the For- as yesterday," there is really nothing bidden City. Asked what it all means, the matter with China. It is merely the guide says it told the people there passing through one of its regular was a revolution and what to do. stages of development. Westerners Seeing the Forbidden City with its have become so suddenly accustomed miles of buildings and courtyards, yel- to the speed of railroads and airplanes low tiled roofs, massive artistic, delicate that it is hard for them to understand and commanding structures, is much why anyone can be willing to move like putting into one short sentence the along deliberately and allow nature to gist of a proclamation covering yards of take its course. wall space. The museum is well handled. Guards Here is evidence of careful protection are present for protection from vandal- of the relics and wonders of the past. ism. The row on row of invaluable, 438 THE MID-PACIFIC priceless gems of art, industry, and past the members of their staff speak perfect wealth, luxury, power and civilization, English. The lunch party included sec- are well marked so that persons whose retaries of the legation, Mrs. Chase, mother tongue is English may read as long resident and enjoying life in Pei- they run. One visit gives a basis for ping, and Mr. and Mrs. Gorman of the acquiring a liberal education by spend- Peiping Daily Standard. The Gormans ing a week in the place. are natives of Canada who find life in The Forbidden City is indeed a city Peiping attractive. of no mean proportions. Marble, tile and Ambassador Saburi had left only a bronze are laid with lavish hand. Every- day or so previously for Tokio. The where the emblems of the son of heaven, despatches of the next day brought the the phoenix, the stork of long life. Every- shocking news of his death, apparently where the dust of years a reminder that by his own hand. The consensus of the life of a generation is just a passing opinion at Peiping was that Ambassa- show in the whole scheme of things as dor Saburi had never ceased to mourn they are. the loss of his wife, a brilliant woman, Everywhere is the lesson taught that who died suddenly in Peiping a few whenever man, risen to a high estate in years ago when Mr. Saburi was serving earthly power, becomes fired with the as a member of the international com- idea that he is entitled to a seat with the mission for the adjustment of the cus- gods, that is the signal for his fall. The toms and tariff problems of China in whole house falls with him to crumble relation to foreign nations. and decay. Roy Chapman Andrews lives in a The kingdoms and thrones that com- compound that was once the home of a manded the building of these temples Manchu prince. The outside appearance and massive cities thought of most of the street and the wall is no indica- everything except the welfare, the com- tion of what is to be found behind the fort and the happiness of the common walls that line the narrow, dusty, un'n- people. And China today is groping viting side streets of Peiping. about blind in the mass of dust and deg- As Jim Howe and his fellow guest radation on which the crumbling removed their coats in the outer room, thrones were built, trying to find its the notes of an Hawaiian song floated way out. out through the maze of rooms. Mr. Black crows roost on the gables of Chapman likes the Hawaiian music. the shining temple tiles, and caw as Wolf, the great police dog that has been crows have done through the ages. the faithful friend of so many long Black crows roost all about the place, trails, barked a greeting. Electric lights and say it can't be done. As emblem of softly dimmed and an open grate mod- black despair that pulls up the corn of ernize the one-time palace of the Man- fruitful industry and human happiness, chu prince, but the whole atmosphere of the black crow and its "caw caw" is a the soft couches on either side of the fitting figure in the picture. open fire, the tapestries, and all is true Charge d'Affaires Haruochi of the to the spirit of the Orient. What a Japanese embassy visited Honolulu last place to dream or to work. But his spring as a member of the official party workroom is elsewhere. And the room accompanying Viscount Uchida return- that is remarked as the dining room is ing from the mission of representing his only a breakfast room. The real dining emperor at the signing of the Kellogg room is as large as the main reception Pact. Madame Haruochi spent a year room or living room. All connected by in Evanston studying music. They and corridors with no apparent effort to THE MID- PACIFIC 439 save space. And yet in a compound of other visitors. The president's house is about an acre with spacious rooms for used by the governor general. all possible household uses there re- Our friend Mr. Seu, the railway chief, mains enough for a garden with trees was there dressed in very plain attire. old, gnarled and artistic, suggestive of He carries out his idea of simplicity and a garden spot in winter. freedom from the expense of ostentation How quickly time passes when talk- on all occasions. ing with one who knows and loves his The governor general is tall and dig- work. Tea and cakes and doughnuts on nified. Only the furnishings of the a Thanksgiving afternoon, listening to place are luxurous and elaborate. All tales of the Gobi desert, learning how to else is plain and in keeping with a strict make a hunt for dinosaur eggs, a great economy policy. What corresponds to event, and more of what greater events the mayor of Peiping was there to as- are on the verge of realization if the ex- sist. No Chinese women. The private peditions are allowed to continue. secretary to the governor was educated Chapman is not happy over the cultural in Belgium. Those able to converse societies that have influenced the pres- with him, praise his elegantly perfect ent officials of government to prevent French. The Chinese engineer on my him from transporting specimens from left alternately speaks English to me. the Mongolian desert through China French to those joining in conversation proper. He has a high regard for the with the secretary and Chinese of more old-time Chinese. Like many others he than one dialect. sometimes wonders where the younger Governor Hsu's speech of welcome Chinese of today are leading. refers to the troubled state of today and At 45 years of age Mr. Chapman is the hope of early peace in the future. busy writing his autobiography. All Meanwhile China seeks the patience and his friends in Peiping think he is so good will of its foreign friends. An young that there will be achievements American engineer responds, calling at- for another volume in the next 45 years tention to its being Thanksgiving Day. of his life. Mr. Chapman is a relative Another rises to pledge the good will of of Mrs. Fox Conner and thinks of "our country" and the health and long Honolulu as one of the happy stopping life of the hosts. He obviously forgets places in his trans-Pacific trips. that there are British present and this Leaving in the late afternoon the is an international party, but everyone guests were shown his aviary of the joins heartily in the toast. summer time when birds are well and As the guests leave, there are soldiers comfortably housed in the hollow of an at every door and gate brought to a old tree with a wire screen to keep them sharp present arms as each departing at home. What a modern lover of the group passes through. out of doors can do to modernize and Generally speaking the soldiers are yet not lose the normal atmosphere of not much in evidence about Peiping. A an ancient Manchu home is altogether group of about 50 were going through pleasing. setting up exercises in one of the court- A local college professor among the yards of the Forbidden City in the guests remarked that he had bowed be- morning. The following day while on fore two presidents of China in the spa- the way to the summer palace numbers cious hall where the Governor General of soldiers were in the field carrying Hsu of the Chihli province served a out maneuvers about a mile from a bar- sumptuous banquet to a group of 30 or racks big enough to accommodate a more engineers with their wives and good-sized force. 440 THE MID-PACIFIC SUMATRA BATAVIA ENRON JAVA RA/LWAYS VOLaNOES TRAMWAYS ---141/4 fXPRESS ■ TEMPLES —.4019 TRIor Raw Java is the most highly developed island in the Netherlands East Indies. 0„.1.„1... 01,1041101,42,• • IC7TIVI V!IV V VI 0 • • 01.141,414,1„P 4 L■S) Modern Transportation in the • Netherlands East Indies (From Inter-Ocean) Irearearmir. rect.ntrrareit. i rat • InizCa • • • • la int/cant • atradraNT • . rr.tirr. • .1rr. neflri•~kri.BIr There is not a single factor in the de- Netherlands East Indies, naturally en- velopment of a country which plays joys the best road system but this does such an important role as transporta- not infer that Sumatra, for instance, tion by road, rail, water and air and in which is usually referred to as the the Netherlands East Indies this factor "country of the future," is not well pro- has been given the attention which it vided with modern arteries which are deserves, with the result that the coun- yearly becoming more extensive. Large try today is one of the most highly de- sums are included in the budget for veloped regions in the Far East. road construction work in Java, Su- The welfare of every country depends matra and the Outer Islands and a very on its trade, and trade, in turn, relies extensive program of the Public Work on transportation for its development. Department still remains to be com- Even in the olden days those in author- pleted. Three hundred years ago, road ity were quick to realize that if the nat- making in the colony was a compara- ural wealth of the country was to be ex- tively inexpensive if primitive opera- ploited to advantage, there must be tion; free labor was available in abun- means of transportation to carry the dance and river stone also. Thousands produce from the producing areas to the of natives were set to work on the con- coast and further to the world markets. struction of the post roads which still The result is that today the Netherlands form the main arteries of Java ; they East Indies possesses road and rail sys- were given a set task and for every yard tems, inter-insular and ocean-going short a native was hanged to a tree. shipping services and local air lines Since then times have changed and to- which can compare favorably with any day the road coolie is a paid laborer, other country in the world. except in the case of the village roads Java, being the most highly devel- which the inhabitants are required to oped of all the islands comprising the maintain. The material then used, river THE MID-PACIFIC 441 stone, still provides the foundations of It is estimated that there are at the the new roads but they are now covered present time more than 57,000 motor with asphalt—produced in the country cars and trucks in the Netherlands itself—and the coolies' work is light- East Indies and this number is rapidly ened by the use of modern implements increasing as new districts are released and machinery. from their isolation and quick and cer- tain transportation begins to play an If we take a trip up to the hills we important role in their daily life. It has find magnificent asphalt roads leading been said that the motor car has done up to the hotels 5000 feet and more more to civilize and develop the world above sea level. In some parts where the than any other factor in history and existing roads were exceptionally steep, there is much more than an essence of new roads have been cut through the truth in this statement. Road construc- mountain sides, in others the roads tion and automotive transportation go twist and turn through the hills, provid- hand in hand ; the latter follows in the ing panoramas of unrivalled beauty. wake of the former and the former is Let us look back twenty-five years. promoted by the demands of the latter, Bullock carts loaded with rubber, sugar, an eternal circle which is opening up tea, coffee, tobacco and other produce untapped producing areas and markets tediously made their way along the and linking them up in the world traffic. roads to the railhead ; two-wheeled carts, known as "sados" and derived The result is increased welfare, in- from "dos-a-dos," drawn by miniature creased power and a demand for com- ponies, provided transportation for modities which did not previously exist. travelers from one village to another. The manner in which the native has Buggies, mylords and other horse- adapted himself to automotive transpor- drawn vehicles conveyed the planter and tation in such a short space of time is the business man to their work : sados, nothing short of marvelous ; all the hire deelemans and ebros plied for hire in cars and lorries and 75% of the private the streets of the towns. Everything cars are driven by native chauffeurs moved slowly and development was and in the repair shop native mechanics equally slow. do the same work as their Western col- In Today, what a difference ! Powerful leagues under European supervision. the automobile assemby plant estab- motor trucks thunder down the high- lished at Tandjong Priok some two ways carrying loads of five tons and years ago, more than 1000 natives are more. Amat, or whatever his name may employed in turning out cars on Ameri- be, no longer sits for hours in a rumb- can lines and have proved very quick at ling, uncomfortable sado when he goes learning the various operations. to visit his parents in the dessa far away ; swiftly moving, comfortable Obviously these tremendous develop- motor busses convey him to his destina- ments in automotive transportation tion in a tenth of the time that his have been felt by the railways but here father and grandfather took to cover again the State Railways have in many the same distance years ago. The cases adopted the weapon of their com- , serv- planter and the business man have their petitors and inaugurated autobus own automobiles to convey them to ices to link up towns and villages with their work and the latest products of the the railway and have further instituted American and European automobile in- these services where the degree of de- dustries ply for hire in the streets of velopment does not yet warrant the con- struction of a railroad. This is the case every town of any size. 442 THE MID-PACIFIC in Sumatra where a regular autobus from the remarks contained in a paper service is run by the State Railways be- entitled "Native Agriculture and Horti- tween Medan and Padang. culture at Tosari," which was presented Nevertheless in spite of these meas- by Mr. E. de Vries at the recent Pacific ures the recent development of autobus Science Congress. Referring to the traffic throughout Java has provided marketing possibilities, Mr. de Vries the railway authorities a hard nut to states, "The main road between Pasu- crack. Dozens of private autobus oper- ruan and Tosari is the principal channel ators maintain regular services between along which the potatoes and vegetables the various towns and for obvious rea- are transported. Vegetables are culti- sons preference is given, especially by vated to a larger extent around the ter- the native population, to this form of minus of this road as it is of great im- transportation. In many cases the portance that they are sent fresh . . . busses stop at villages en route which The produce is principally transported are a considerable distance from the by bullock cart and although the cli- nearest railway station and thus provide matic conditions of Tosari are particu- more convenient communications. Again larly suitable for growing various kinds the fares are often cheaper, although of flowers, for which it would then hold the recent reduction in railway fares on the monopoly, this form of cultivation certain lines, as a direct result of the will have to wait for a regular bus serv- autobus competition, has leveled up this ice." advantage to a certain extent. How- This horticultural district provides ever, whatever the pros and cons may not only Sourabaya and the surround- be, the fact remains that the native pop- ing districts with market produce but ulation displays a decided preference also exports to Singapore and the outer for autobus travel and it will continue islands. Judging by developments else- to do so as long as the bus operators where, it will not be long before this continue to provide the service to which district gets the bus service referred to it has become accustomed. and then its marketing possibilities will This competition with which the develop and include areas which are railways have to contend at the present now outside its reach owing to transpor- time is not confined to passenger traf- tation problems. fic only. During recent years express Notwithstanding the inroads made by delivery and haulage services have de- automotive transportation, the railway veloped almost as quickly as the pass- system is and will continue to be a very enger traffic. Produce which was pre- important factor in the development of viously transported from the estate to the country. The oldest lines in Java the railhead, thence by train to the sta- date back some fifty years, the first tion at the point of shipment and again State railway line having been officially by some means of communication from opened in 1878. Previous to that, how- that station to the ship, is now sent di- ever, a private concern, the Netherlands rect by motor truck from the estate to Indian Railway Co., had constructed a the docks, thus eliminating two changes. line from Samarang to the Vorsten- In the case of perishable produce thi., landen in 1862. Since then railway con- saving in time is obviously an extremely struction in the Netherlands East Indies important matter and some idea of what has proceeded apace, influenced, of automotive transportation can mean to course, at intervals by the less favorable not only the European estates but also financial periods which the country ex- to the native producers, can be gained perienced. THE MID-PACIFIC 443 Java being the most highly developed electrification and will doubtlessly be of all the islands, it naturally follows opened for traffic towards the end of that its railways are also the most ex- this year. This will enable people to tensive and efficient. This is clearly live in the cooler climate of Buitenzorg demonstrated by the fact that of the and travel up and down to Batavia 4289 kilometers of line in exploitation every day, the time for the journey be- by the State Railways at the end of ing reduced from slightly more than an 1927, 2781 kilometers were in Java. Up hour to 35 minutes. The results ob- to that date the construction costs tained on the local lines have shown amounted to more than f450,000,000. that the expense of converting them In addition to the State Railways, from steam to electric traction has been there are still five private companies more than warranted ; the native has operating railway lines in Java, viz., the taken to the "kreta listrik" like a duck Samarang-Joana Steam Tram Co., the to water and throughout the trains are East Java Steam Tram Co., the Sera- crowded with natives. Shortly, when joedal Steam Tram Co., and the Sama- the Buitenzorg line is opened, the na- rang Cheribon Stearn Tram Co. and the tives living in the villages along the Netherlands Indian Railway Co. The line will also avail themselves of this first two companies mentioned exploit quicker means of transportation both "tram" or "local railway" lines, that is for themselves and their wares which to say they are subjected to certain they have to sell in Batavia and which limitations as regards speed, etc. (30 they now "pikoel" on their shoulders, K. M. per hour). In many cases these starting in the early hours of the morn- lines run alongside the road but never- ing from their homes. theless they provide transportation for Another important step forward in millions of passengers and hundreds of the development of the iron road in thousands of tons of produce. Running Java was made on November 1, 1929, as they do in the sugar-producing areas when the one-day Batavia-Sourabaya they are largely used for the transpor- service was officially inaugurated. tation of this product. The disadvantage of having to stop The State Railways, alive to the over the night either in Djokja or Ban- necessity for constant development, not doeng when traveling from Batavia to only do everything possible to keep Sourabaya and vice versa has always their steam traction up to date by the been felt, especially by business people. importation of the most modern and The operation of the civil air lines, efficient rolling stock but are applying which will be dealt with later and which electric traction where passenger traffic enable people to travel from Batavia to warrants the tremendous expenditure Samarang by air and thence by train to incurred in changing over from steam Sourabaya in one clay (and vice versa) to electricity. The first electric line has undoubtedly influenced the decision was opened on April 6, 1925, coincid- of the State Railways to run a one-day ing with the fiftieth anniversary of the service, while the promise of Batavia- railway in the Netherlands East Indies. Sourabaya air communications in the This line linked up the harbor of Tan- near future made it evident that some- djong Priok (Batavia), with Meester thing had got to be done if the long- Cornelis and later on the whole of the distance lines were to be maintained. local net in and around Batavia was The inauguration of the one-day service electrified. At the present moment the will undoubtedly help to stem the flow line Batavia-Buitenzorg is in course of of passengers to the newest form of 444 THE MID-PACIFIC tranportation which is still out of the fare of the Netherlands East Indies has reach of a large percentage of the popu- depended on its communications by sea, lation owing to the expense involved. not only with the mother country but The new service will only run in the also locally, i.e., inter-island. Look at day time, the journey taking approxi- a map of the East Indies and then at mately 15 hours. The objections to one on the same scale of the United night trains which have always been States and Europe. If you could super- raised by the State Railway authorities, impose a map of the East Indies on do not seem to have been overwon and maps of these two continents, you would therefore the traveler in Java is still find that the North of Sumatra would forced to travel during the hottest hours coincide with a point on the west coast of the day and to envy his colleagues in of the United States and that New Malaya who can escape the tropical heat Guinea would then extend out into the by making use of the night mail trains Atlantic OCean ; you would also find which run between Singapore, Kuala that, when superimposed on a map of Lumpur and Penang. From the point Europe with New Guinea coinciding of view of the tourist, however, travel- with Asia Minor, Sumatra would extend ing by day is to be preferred as then he far beyond the coast of Spain. This has the opportunity of admiring the gives some idea of the tremendous dis- natural grandeur of Java ; the magnifi- tances which separate the various points cent views obtained from the carriage in the Archipelago and which have to windows as the train winds its way be bridged if the products of those points through the mountains, more than re- are to be made available to the world pay the traveler for any discomfort he market. may experience from the heat and dust. Although this article is primarily in- In the Outer Islands, the railways are tended to give an idea of the internal yet in their infancy and are confined to transportation facilities, there would a few tram and train lines linking up seem to be no reason why reference the ports with the interior. An impor- should not be made to the two mail lines tant line linking up Palembang with which connect the Indies with Holland Telok Beting in South Sumatra was and other countries en route. opened some two or three years ago and Direct descendants of the days of ro- is playing a very important role in de- mance, color and excitement which veloping this part of the island. knew only the sailing ship, the modern The State Railways of the Nether- steam and motor vessels of the "Neder- lands East Indies, like every other mod- land" and "Rotterdam Lloyd," the two ern method of transportation, are a Royal Dutch Mail Lines, arrive and de- prime factor in the great game which is part with clockwork regularity, bring- going on, day in, day out, year in, year ing with them new pioneers for this out—the great game which is breaking country of opportunities and the prod- down natural harriers and bringing ucts of western manufacturers and re- nations and peoples closer together for turning with the raw produce of the their own benefit and for the benefit of Indies and with those who, after a long the world at large. stay in the tropics, are on their way * * * home on a well-deserved leave. The Ever since the days when the Dutch, "Nederland" maintains a fleet of nine the English, the Spanish and the Portu- passenger liners with a total gross reg- guese fought in Far Eastern waters istered tonnage of 90,000 tons and fur- for the supremacy of the seas, the wel- ther thirty-one cargo boats. Two motor THE MID- PACIFIC 445 ships are now in course of construction, Robinson of London, who afterwards each of which will measure 19,000 transferred his interests to the Nether- tons, and these will rank amongst the lands Indian Steamship Co. Public most magnificent ships on the Far East- opinion, however, was not in favor of ern route, being equipped with swim- the inter-island services being in the ming baths, lifts, etc. The "Rotterdam hands of a foreign company and in 1888 Lloyd" fleet consists of eight liners and a Dutch company was formed by the twenty-eight cargo boats, and in con- two existing Dutch mail lines, under junction with the "Nederland" a weekly the name of the Koninklijke Paketvaart mail and passenger service is main- My. tained to and from the Indies. The further history of the K. P. M. In addition to these two national has been one of continual progress, un- steamship companies there are numer- til today its services and its ships are ous foreign lines maintaining regular world-famous, and unexcelled by any services to and from the Indies, includ- similar shipping company in the world ing British, German, Japanese and for comfort, speed, safety and extent . American lines. In every port of the Netherlands East However, the company on which the Indies and in those of the surrounding economic welfare of the Colony depends countries, the yellow funnel and K. P. to the greatest extent is the Koninklyke M. houseflag are to be seen—significant Paketvaart My. (Royal Packet Naviga- symbols of the supremacy of Dutch tion Company). It maintains ocean, shipping in East Indian waters. Every inter-island, coastal and river services year these trim little ships carry close to and in all parts of the Archipelago on one and a half million passengers with a fleet of no less than 140 ships, and three and a half million tons of varying in size and capacity according freight between the various inter-island to the service required of them. Its points and the ports of Australia, Ma- ocean services include lines to Austra- laya and China. lia, Singapore, Hongkong and Penang, The value of these services to the its inter-island services lines to every economic welfare of the country cannot, point of any importance on the exten- however, be expressed in figures and sive coastline of the East Indies. can only be judged by their own rapid In 1825, the first paddle-wheel development and the position which the steamer was launched at Sourabaya and Netherlands East Indies occupies in the made its maiden voyage to Samarang world market at the present day—a and Batavia. This was the commence- position which is due to a -very large ment of steam navigation in the Nether- extent to its efficient and extensive lands East Indies. In 1850 the Nether- shipping services. * * * lands Indian Steam Navigation Co. was granted a loan by the government for We now come to the last and most the construction of a second steamer and modern means of communication—the an agreement was made with a private aeroplane. In line with its policy of individual for the maintenance of regu- progressive development, the Nether- lar services between various points in lands East Indies, like the mother coun- the Archipelago. In 1865, the govern- try, was quick to realize the value of ment invited tenders for the mainten- the aeroplane as a transportation factor ance of a much more extensive group and in this respect is the first country of services covering more than 40,000 in the Middle East to inaugurate regu- miles. This was granted to a Mr. H. C. lar civil air lines. 446 THE MID -PACIFIC A subsidiary company of the K. L. that the Batavia-Bandoeng trip, which M. (Royal Dutch Air Lines), the K. N. usually takes 41/2 hours by train is ac- I. L. M. (Royal Netherland Indian Air complished by the Fokker machines in Lines) was founded to exploit civil air 35 minutes ! lines in the Netherlands East Indies and Although still in its infancy, air traf- on November 1, 1928, the services were fic in the Netherlands East Indies has officially opened by H. E. the Governor already made rapid strides and offers General at the Tjililitan flying ground, unlimited possibilities for the future, a the air station of Batavia. The services at present in operation are Batavia-Ban- future which is inseparably bound up doeng and v. v. (twice daily) and Ba- with the further economic development tavia-Samarang and v. v. (once daily). of the country and with its relations These are shortly to be supplemented with the surrounding countries. by a Batavia-Palembang service and _ While on the subject of civil air it is expected that the flying ground at lines, it is interesting to note the pro- Sourabaya will be completed before the gressive spirit which has placed Dutch end of the year so that the Batavia- aviation in the regular air service which Sourabaya service will also be added. is to be inaugurated between Holland Plans are being- formulated for lines and Java and vice versa commencing to connect up with Medan in Sumatra on September 12, 1929. On that date and Singapore and the K. N. I. L. M. the first 'plane on the regular service will undoubtedly in the future provide will leave Amsterdam for Java and the link between Asia and Australia in thereafter a regular fortnightly service the international route. will be maintained in each direction. The way in which the civil air Pries * * * have caught on with the public has ex- ceeded all expectations and at the pres- In the above lines I have endeavored ent time an average of 1200 people are to give a review of the modern means carried each month on the Bandoeng of transportation employed in the Neth- and Sumarang lines: In addition to this, erlands East Indies at the present day mail and goods are carried by the huge and the important part they are playing triple-motored Fokker machines which in the development of the country and have been adopted by the K. N. I. L. M. its industries. Transportation by land, as the most suitable and ef ficent for air sea and air is proceeding apace on the lines in the tropics. most modern lines and with the most As already mentioned the Batavia- modern equipment. Samarang line is patronized by business people who wish to get to Sourabay in The native population, awakening to the quickest possible time; the 'plane the advantages of Western means of connects at Samarang with the Soura- transportation and communication, is baya train and enables travelers to get taking to the automobile, the electric from Batavia to Sourabaya in one day. train, the steamship and the aeroplane. As soon as the Sourabaya flying field has It is casting away the old-fashioned been completed, the time required for prejudices of its forefathers and learn- the journey Batavia-Sourabaya will be ing that the modern means of transpor- even more reduced. tation mean a saving of time and money Some idea of the advantages of aerial to each individual and welfare for the traffic can be obtained from the fact community at large. THE MID-PACIFIC .147 The Korean's snowy robes are ironed by the swift tapping of wooden mallets •• • • In Modern Korea By M \RY DILLINGHAM FREAK (In the American-Korean News, Honolulu.) 142,1 1nellrfl Inncenunhnurainr&TffillicannunucaLaunatoncd • • traNitie My Korean friends have been much stantial and modern were colorful and in mind oh this our first visit to the gave a bright welcome in the early sun- Orient, and particularly since we set our shine. faces toward the "Land of Morning Soon the excellent train equipped Calm." with dining and observation cars was People who are familiar with the speeding over a broad gauge track and crossing from Shimonoseki to Fusan on a roadbed that called forth favorable told us that we had an especially smooth comment from understanding passen- voyage. It was, indeed, enjoyable in gers. It is much newer in construction other ways as the night was cool and than the roads in Japan and improve- clear and the moon was approaching the ments have been introduced by the Jap- full. We found the entrance to the anese builders making this better than landing through the fine large harbor the roads we have traversed from To- a pleasing one, with the sharply eroded kyo to the western shore. mountains and islands almost inclosing To our surprise, we received an early our way. The buildings though sub- call from a friend who made plans for 448 THE MID-PACIFIC Korea is mainly an agricultural country, rice being one of the important crops. Alodern agri- cultural methods are being introduced by the Japanese administration in place of former picturesque hand labor. THE MID-PACIFIC 449 our entertainment next clay. This was structure and almost vies with Sienna in gratifying to the few members of the its display of native marbles of differ- Institute of Pacific Relations who had ent colors and veining. Having left our arrived. Similar plans for entertain- cards here for the Governor-General, ment await those coming later on, and we were taken to the ancient Korean all this makes a delightful sequel to the Imperial Audience Room, rich in its courtesies received in Japan. porcelain roof of red and blue, and the Left to ourselves for the evening, brilliant painted decorations of ceilings some went one way, some another. and walls within. Some of us were conducted by a Korean A drive and walk through autumn guide and in jinrikisha first through a woods, bright sunshine intensifying the street as brilliant and gay with electric colors of the leaves, brought us to the lights and open shops as Theatre Street gateways, palaces and tea houses of a in Kyoto which had so entertained us bygone day and charming stone-bridged in that city. But soon our sturdy kuru- streams and pools reflecting lines and maya turned into streets that were, colors of buildings, also to a hot house rather, lanes, narrow and dark. The of plants familiar to Hawaiians. As all pretty lanterns hanging from our little of this is closed to the public we counted carriages were needed there. Our des- ourselves fortunate to have been per- tination was a vaudeville house which mitted this visit. so far as we could see had no Anglo- A museum holds rare images, swords, Saxon patrons but ourselves. Flags of household utensils, and steel mirrors of all nations decorated the ceiling and the centuries past. A huge mass of iron, drop curtain was of crimson silk, thin wrought into the likeness of Buddha, but gay with large silver ideographs. dates back to the sixth century. An- The spectators, Koreans and Japanese, other image, also of the sixth century men, women and children, even infants and perhaps the most lovely in the col- on their mothers' backs, were seated on lection, is a bronze figure of a woman wooden benches upstairs and down. with draperies from her waist down, They were sparing of applause but seated with one leg folded and one pen- when tired of a long continued subject dent, her arms in pensive pose with one did not hesitate to express themselves finger to her cheek, and on the head by shouting some comments. These a modest crown. She represents Kwan- were untranslatable to us except by in- non, who renounced the peace of Nir- ference. A farm dance was performed vana to return to earth and suffer for by ten or twelve girls accompanied by the salvation of men. their own singing and by a drum, and Although poverty and shiftlessness a sword dance by two girls also had drum accompaniment. The singing in are being overcome, much that is indi- solo or groups was impassioned and vidual and picturesque remains. We de- long and seemed enough to wear out the part for snowy Manchuria with many singers. Playing on an instrument re- pictures in our minds, the clusters of sembling the Japanese koto brought un- mushroom-roofed houses of clay and wonted applause, but to us the most in- stone,' the white-robed tillers of the teresting feature of the program was fields, the slow-moving ox carts, the tight-rope walking by a very young girl rainbow-clad children, the bright sun- on a rope stretched across the audience shine and clear cold air over all ; and room. in our hearts we cherish the old crest, The administration building, built apricot-blossom, symbol of spring, and within a few years, is a magnificent tomoye, symbol of things eternal. 450 THE MID - P A CIFIC THE M-ID-PACIFIC 451 /Hong the Pacific Coast of Canada 1-71,171 • • • IGUIC7ITC71 • •Alt,) rouvrronurrownurrununvu7wnvourTurrununuavircyounuoun5-- Some Colonization Problems: A Canadian View By MAJOR E. J. ASHTON (In "The United Empire") wn.niaiin.unnWini tni/A:ii'-'t.Lca Stni=nntannicinnuni • • • • • • 1,_1 Colonization problems are of major products of her forests, minerals, fisher- importance to Canada. They also have ies, fur-bearing animals and agriculture. very wide ramifications. My last twelve In this article on colonization, I pro- years have been spent in administrative pose to deal with a few of the salient work in connection with land settleme nt features of the settlement of our lands, and have been of absorbing interest to which, after all, is by far its most im- me. portant, as well as its most difficult The economic life of new countries side. In earlier days migrants were must at first depend entirely and later mainly rural by birth and habit of life, mainly upon their natural resources. and took naturally to developing rural Canada, while not a new country, is dis- communities in the countries to which tinctly a young country, which will, for they moved. They took all the neces- years to come, draw most of her wealth saries of life from the land they settled from the bounteous stores nature has on, and were hardly dependent on urban endowed her with, despite the fact that production at all. Success in agriculture her manufactures are becoming more today does not depend on the same fac- and more important each year. Her tors as in earlier days. Then a farm was basic industries deal mainly with the almost self-contained and self-sufficing. 452 THE MID-PACIFIC Today it must produce goods of a qual- Add the value of electrical power pro- duced by another of our great resources— ity the city will accept in order to be our harnessed water power—$125,000,000. able to buy many commodities made A total of $978,649,494. right on the farm a century ago and The value of agriculture's field crops many new ones present standards of alone last year was $979,730,000. civilization demand. During the last 25 When it is remembered that 1929 was years the change in conditions in not by any means a year of high returns Canada has been most rapid. At the for Canadian agriculture, and was, in beginning of the century we had free addition, a short crop year, and that, lands in quantity on the prairies which therefore, the value of our field crops were easy to develop ; this type of free was much less than in some previous land has almost entirely passed out of years, the importance of agriculture in the hands of the Crown. Today, due to our national economy is at once per- improved cultural methods and the ad- ceived, and it is not necessary to quote ditional mechanization of agriculture, the large output of the dairy factories, the average production of food per man or the many million dollars produced engaged in agriculture has increased, by the livestock industry in order fur- and fewer farmers produce the food ther to bring out the importance of supplies needed by a given population agriculture's contribution to our na- than was the case formerly. The dollar tional wealth. The wealth the farm pro- at the beginning of the century bought duces each year is the most important twice as much as today. Railway and annual contribution, not only to national other developments on a huge scale pro- but also to urban prosperity, and our vided remunerative employment which city population should bear, without permitted ambitious newcomers to make complaining, a fair portion of the cost the stake needed to start with, much of the services and institutions which more readily than today. Britain was are by organization and experiment do- the wealthiest nation in the world, and ing much to make possible our rural all Europe had capital which the war progress. It is in their own interests dissipated. Newcomers need more capi- to take care of a good proportion of tal and bring less. Our colonization colonization expenditure. methods must change in tune with these In order to make possible the progress changing conditions. A brief compari- the last 25 years has seen in forest de- son of the value of the products of velopment, mining expansion, produc- our agricultural industries, with those tion of water power, increase in fisher- closely connected with our forests, fish- ies, etc., capitalists and governments eries, mines, fur-bearing animals and have speculated largely, sometimes they developed water powers, brings out the lost heavily, but on the whole they have importance from an Empire standpoint speculated wisely. Without speculation, of developing agriculture and of meet- there would have been little progress. ing the changed and more difficult con- As a nation, we must speculate in the ditions of today with renewed vigor and development of our agricultural re- well-considered plans. sources if we are to make the progress The ultimate value of Canada's forest we should. It will be difficult in this production in 1929 was $485,000,000. The value of the products of her fisheries speculation to estimate our profits in in 1929 was $53,000,000. the terms of a banker's debit and credit In the same year her mines and minerals balance sheet called for in the develop-. contributed to the national wealth of the ment of forest, mines, fisheries or manu- country $307,146,494. Fur production of trapper and farmer was factures. None the less, it is important approximately $8,503,000. that we speculate in the bringing in and THE MID-PACIFJC 453 placing on the land of suitable migrants to see immediate profits due to State in order, in cooperation with our own aid in colonization, but if care is taken Canadian population, to carry forward to see that plans are sound and that to greater achievement and success our financial assistance is rigidly kept to a great agricultural industry. Quality of minimum and the right kind of people migrants rather than quantity is the are brought in and have some capital important consideration here. In view and experience before starting out on of fhe important results to he obtained, their own responsibility it will be well it is not asking the nation too much to to give some assistance, keeping always suggest that it speculate in sane coloni- in mind the necessity so to shape poli- zation projects and face some losses cies as to develop self-reliance in new- without complaining. To aid in the de- comers. velopment of its industrial life, the na- While I shall not go into administra- tion has, on occasion, made direct con- tive details, I must emphasize the neces- tribution by way of bounty as well as sity of developing self-reliant rural com- tariff protection. Municipal authorities munities. It cannot be stated too often also encourage new industries in various that the personal qualities of a settler ways. The resulting contrast between are more important than the physical, various forms of city and rural invest- and every effort should be made so ment is illuminating. When you build to plan assistance and guidance as to a house or a factory in the city, pro- develop these qualities in a high degree. vided your site is well chosen and the The broad aim of government assistance scheme well planned, you consider that in settlement should be to direct atten- you have at least added to the land the tion to the agricultural possibilities of value of the building. The farmer, when new districts in such a manner that a he builds a decent house and barn, must movement toward them will be started almost invariably consider that they do which will gather momentum and will not add their full cost to the value of bring in its train numbers of settlers the land. He will generally lose on that who will require but little financial part of his investment if he sells. Many assistance, and, in fact, but little help other improvements he makes are in the other than guidance, to make them de- same position. My review during the sirable rural citizens. past years of many hundred reappraisals Conditions differ here from those in of soldier settlement farms in every older lands, and even to experienced Canadian province emphasizes this situ- farmers we should point out the proven ation. mistakes of the past for their guidance This is largely due to the fact that and indicate more clearly the lines of capital considers urban investment more development it is sound practice to fol- desirable than rural, partly for the rea- low. We chart the St. Lawrence for ex- son that favors from the hands of the perienced navigators and provide a pilot nation have made urban development service. While much good information more desirable and profitable than it is available dealing with the solution of would otherwise have been. If we ask agricultural problems, the provision of newcomers to take up the task of de- a carefully chosen staff of working veloping agriculture under these con- pilots or field men would be but giving ditions, we should be fair and give them inexperienced settlers similar service to guidance and have broad vision in that accorded experienced navigators. financial assistance, and should shape State aid to settlers will entail losses policies to suit the requirements of even when a capable field staff is avail- changing conditions. It will be difficult able to assist the newcomer, and there 454 THE MID-PACIFIC will be periods when, based on the test catch up with supply. A. great country of a banker's debit and credit balance with wide areas which are unoccupied sheet, results will not look well. We cannot afford to shut off its develop- should plan to give a minimum rather ment of suitable new areas because of a than a maximum financial assistance, temporary over-production. On the leaving as much as possible to the initia- other hand, it would not be a wise policy tive of the settler. After all, this balance in years of over-production to endeavor sheet test, important though it is, should to place large numbers of newcomers as not be the only one by which to measure agricultural settlers. A middle course up success in the early days of new should be adopted, and the possibility communities. Put to such a test, it fully explored of tripartite cooperation, would be easy to prove the whole family between the Old Land, the Dominion, relation unprofitable. Parents seldom and the province concerned, to assist get cash returns for the time, money deserving men who have some capital and love expended in bringing up a and experience, bearing in mind that family. If, in connection with this re- due to recent transfer of resources, the lation, a banker's balance sheet were provinces are more important factors in accepted as the final test, and its re- any colonization scheme than formerly, sulting debit balance acted on by our At the same time the Dominion should people, we might see the end of family be careful to ensure that similar oppor- life and the passing of our present type tunities and assistance are available for of civilization. That the nation's rela- Canadian citizens, as our own people tions to colonization are necessarily will make our best colonists. Newcom- somewhat akin to the family relation ers should be encouraged to migrate on must be admitted, however much we dis- their own responsibility. Ocean and rail like paternalism in administration. fares are low now, and men who migrate The last forty years have seen the on their own responsibility make self- occupation of much of our land which reliant citizens as a rule. Where gov- is easy to develop from the raw land ernments give aid the projects should stage into productive and self-support- entail financial assistance to settle at a ing agricultural districts. Settlement later date after arrival than formerly, problems generally are more difficult and be of smaller amount than has been than in the past. Crown lands in the the case in connection with some past Prairie Provinces are passing from Do- schemes. With a stake of their own in minion to provincial control, and sepa- the land and some experience, a capable rate arrangements will have to be made field staff could do much more to foster with the different provinces as they are "self-help" than where settlers have lit- now a very important factor in any tle experience and no capital of their scheme of assisted migration. Due to own invested. increased mechanization and improved Tripartite assistance to settlers after farming practice a smaller rural popula- two years in Canada when given to tion than was formerly the case can migrants who have gained some ex- care for its own and urban food require- perience and saved $500 to $1,000 should ments, and today we are faced with prove a real inducement to ambitious over-production in some basic agricul- men to migrate to our rural districts tural commodities. In past ages, how- and to put their best foot forward ; and ever, increasing population has tended such assistance would entail far less to press upon food supply, and there is grief than always occurs when heavy no doubt but that soon the pendulum financial assistance is given to untried will swing the other way and demand men without the background practical THE MID-PACIFIC 455 experience gives. In the long run, it ince) than in the difficult pioneer dis- would be found that the planting of tricts of the Clay Belt of Northern On- fewer settlers would give us more farm- tario. The contrary is the fact, how- ers ; when given in connection with ever. There have been fewer failures Crown lands the financial assistance among settlers placed in the Clay Belt necessary would be much less than if than among those placed on more highly lands had to be purchased. Crown lands developed farms in Western Ontario. in Canada are not the open prairie lands In spite of difficult seasons, there is a of two or three decades ago. Generally greater spirit of optimism in the pioneer speaking, they are wholly or partially districts which seems to bring out the covered with bush or timber ; while qualities needed to cope with their other factors enter into the situation, problems. Many newcomers from Britain development varies in difficulty as the have worked for a wage and always types of tree-cover vary. The pioneers carried on under direction ; even where of Canada's early days had heavy de- they are good workmen it does not fol- velopment problems to tackle and low that they will succeed as managers, tackled them with success. To do this and a farmer must be a good manager. has always entailed courage and vision They will certainly stand a better in planning, hard work in the develop- chance of managing a new land farm ment of a farm and grit to hang on they have hewn out and grown up with, through the difficult early years till suc- than one already made. In pioneer dis- cess was achieved. We must tell the tricts they will start more nearly even cold truth about our country and its with their neighbors, and will not have difficulties, rather over-paint them than the same incentive to spend as when depict opportunities in glowing colors, living near well established farmers then newcomers will come prepared to with good cars and high standards of face them. I am very fond of the sun- living. dial ; it records the sunny hours and Crown lands should be sold to new- ignores the dark ones. It is, however, comers and, for that matter, to Cana- essentially the timepiece of the pioneers dians as well, at rock-bottom prices— and not of the statesman who plans proceeds of such sales will assist in car- colonization projects, or the adminis- ing for inevitable losses where settlers trator who carries them out. fail. While calling for a small payment It is not a good policy to assist new- each year after definite establishment comers without capital and experience (in order to get settlers into the habit to take over and handle developed farm of paying), it would be sound business units. They are generally too valuable, for governments, in such sales, to take and the burden of interest on overhead powers to waive interest during the indebtedness tends to pile up so high in first five years of settlement. These are the early years that success is often generally years of digging-in and get- problematical, particularly if climatic ting a toe hold. They bring in but small and marketing conditions are unfavor- returns. able at the start. Our experience in With more difficult country to de- Ontario under the 3,000 British Family velop, colonization projects call for Scheme is illuminating in this connec- vision and courage. Their solution de- tion. You would think that newcomers mands, from both administrator and from England would be more successful colonist, vision, grit, and determination in the sound agricultural districts, say in a high degree ; 1914-1918 proved that of North Oxford and Middlesex (than this old Empire of ours still has these which there are no better in the prov- qualities in abundance, latent possibly 456 THE MID-PACIFIC in many cases, but still there awaiting The difficulties which will be en- the adventure and the leadership. We countered in turning raw land areas into must shape our policies to appeal to the sound agricultural communities will adventurous, and as we cannot look into produce qualities of character which will the soul of mankind we must speculate have great value, and will count heavily in our settlers, but speculate carefully. in the progress of both urban and rural Our kinsmen in Britain have demon- communities. Northern areas in Canada strated down the ages, and recently as have a special importance. Canada's well, qualities worthy of consideration. weakness is her great length as com- An American professor said recently, pared with the depth of her settlement. "Go to Britain and see what a small Goldwin Smith compared Confederation country with great-minded men can do with the tying together of a number of in a 1,000 years of history." With good fishing rods end-to-end. As settlement leadership I believe they are still capable pushes further north it acids strength of repeating past achievements. If work and stability to our country. like this is undertaken, it will be neces- Just a word before I conclude. The sary to handle firmly, and sometimes essence of successful settlement is finding drastically, the incompetents who will out how to place one man successfully somehow or other get in as settlers in on a given piece of land and then re- spite of all precautions. Such men should peating the operation as often as pos- not be permitted to demoralize others sible. Governments should plan to start by their example. It is difficult to tell a movement which will gain its own the soul of a man, and in this work soul momentum, then not to handle the hulk or spirit counts more than physique. A of settlement, but just to direct it. Men few lazy and shiftless settlers can do un- to whom assistance is given should be told harm to the spirit of a young com- carefully chosen. A minimum assistance munity. given at the start with further assistance The difficulties of these problems, dependent on the use the settler makes and the possibilities of trouble this work of earlier help should be the rule. All entails, should not prevent them from plans should be shaped to inculcate and being undertaken. The settlements foster the sturdy spirit of self-reliant which have counted most in the develop- courage, so necessary in pioneers and so ment of this continent were difficult fruitful in tiding settlers over the dif- ones. The Barr Colonists, with whom I ficult days which always occur in the came to Canada in 1903, made a most life of young communities. An attractive unpromising start. Today, the Lloyd- home due to his own efforts, the incen- minister District is one of the good dis- tive gained by doing some farming tricts in Northern Saskatchewan, and operation really well, will often prove a much of its success is due to the work sheet anchor to windward which will of ill-advised and inexperienced Eng- keep agricultural craft off the rocks of lishmen. despair in early and difficult years. THE MID-PACIFIC 457 The Development of Radio in Australia By E. T. FISK (In the Rabaul Times.) • IliYIMM • • • 66666 Inuntli_ In these times when Australia is suf- tralia were set by the trunk line connec- fering from an inferiority complex in tions between our capital cities ; between most things, it is refreshing and even the capital cities and country centers helpful to write of one of the subjects and the various outlying suburbs and in which Australia can claim equality districts. In other words, a person in his with the best and even superiority in home or office could speak to anyone of some cases. half a million or more other persons in That subject is, of course, wireless their homes or offices elsewhere in Aus- development, and the claims to equality, tralia so long as each party was con- etc., are based upon existing facts and nected with the ordinary telephone practical results. system. For instance, Australia alone among Today we can go to any private or the British Dominions has its entire in- business telephone, call trunk lines at land telephone network linked by wire- the central exchange and arrange to be less with the inland telephone networks connected with any one of approximately of Great Britain, Ireland, United States, forty million private telephones in the Canada, Mexico and 22 European coun- world outside Australia. The caller does tries. I have gradually realized that not need to have any special apparatus this astonishing and revolutionary fact or any knowledge of wireless. He may has been brought about so suddenly that be totally ignorant of the means em- its full importance is yet recognized ployed, but for a relatively small cost only by a small number of people in he can speak directly and easily with a this country. friend, relative or business associate in From the time the first private tele- most parts of Europe, in America or phone was established in Australia until in New Zealand. What is perhaps more the 3oth April of this year the limits of astonishing, he will easily recognize the ordinary telephone conversation avail- voice and he will find that conversation able to members of the public in Aus- can be carried on with practically the 458 THE MID-PACIFIC same facility as if the other party were crew, but for transmitting and receiving in the same room. many thousands of words of business A conversation of this kind could well and private telegrams, because every be as valuable as a personal visit to the ship equipped with wireless is a float- distant acquaintance, whereas the sav- ing telegraph office, which through the ing in time and traveling expenses be- medium of the coastal radio stations is comes very great. connected with the whole of the world's This is the most startling of wireless telegraphic network. Frequently now- achievements up to date, but it is only adays we communicate direct from Syd- one of the many remarkable develop- ney with those mammoth liners cross- ments which have come from our knowl- ing the Atlantic Ocean, and messages edge of how to produce and transmit are telegraphed from people in Aus- electro-magnetic waves in the ether. tralia to friends on board and vice versa. Wireless broadcasting, of course, is Wireless also has become a valuable now so commonplace that the original aid to navigation by means of radio atmosphere of novelty has passed away beacons and direction finders, which as- and the service is almost regarded as a sist ships to find their positions and household necessity. Yet ten years ago steer their courses in dense fog when it was almost undreamed of by the large lighthouses and other methods of navi- mass of the public. In those quite re- gation are useless. cent days home entertainment was In addition to the foregoing we have limited to individual effort and mechan- the Beam Wireless Service, which car- ical reproduction from phonographs ries annually millions of words of pri- and piano-players. Public entertainment vate, business and press telegrams at was only available to those who could high speed between Australia and Eng- travel to a distant hall or theatre. Wire- land and between Australia and North less has removed limitations so that America. This Beam service is the speech and music may virtually be said longest and fastest direct telegraph to pass through the walls and through service in the world, and its introduc- the air. One performer can entertain tion by Amalgamated Wireless a lit- hundreds of thousands of people whom tle more than three years ago has re- he never sees. sulted in a saving to the Australian To many people these are the begin- community of many hundreds of thou- ning and end of wireless developments, sands of pounds in the cost of oversea but in fact they are only two of many communication. valuable services rendered to humanity Direct wireless telegraph services are by this comprehensive science and virile carried on regularly between Australia industry. Around the coasts of Aus- and many of the surrounding islands in tralia, from Cape Leeuwin eastward to the Pacific Ocean, including Papua, Melbourne, northward to Thursday New Guinea and Fiji. Island, westward to Darwin and south- There is also in Australia an exten- ward to Perth there is a chain of wire- sive and very active wireless manufac- less stations operating day and night turing industry, which employs a large throughout the year for communication number of people and keeps large sums with ships at sea at various distances up of money in this country which would to 10,000 miles. Practically every over- otherwise be sent abroad. sea ship approaching and leaving Aus- Amalgamated Wireless holds no polit- tralia and every interstate vessel makes ical views and takes no part in political use of this service, not only for the arguments, but for seventeen years it safety and protection of passengers and has had a profound belief and followed THE MID-PACIFIC 459 a definite policy in developing all ularly with the best selections from pro-- branches of wireless communication in grams in other countries. Australia under Australian control. Its After that comes the possibility of the aim has been to connect Australia direct wireless transmission of pictures. This with all important countries in the has already been done experimentally, world by high speed wireless telegraph and only recently a picture appeared in services and to link Australia's inland the London "Times" transmitted from telephone system with the inland tele- Melbourne by Beam wireless. This phone systems of other countries, and service, however, is not yet developed to, further, to make Australia the Wireless the full practical stage. Centre of the Southern Pacific. It be- Some time in the future, but not for lieves that these objects can best be a few years, I confidently expect to see achieved by development and manage- the dream of television realized. ment along sound and progressive com- It is being done today in some parts. mercial lines. Its success is widely rec- of the world on experimental lines, but ognized not only in Australia but in as yet it is hardly beyond the laboratory Great Britain, Europe and America. It stage. is today looked upon as one of the lead- Ultimately we may see the transnis- ing wireless organizations in the world, sion of useable quantities of power by and it is particularly proud of the fact wireless, but at present there is no indi- that it has carried on all of its work as cation of any practicable scheme for an Australian organization employing this. only Australian people. We believe in We are working in a medium and wireless, we believe in Australia, and we with a science which appears to be al- know that Australia has shown its con- most infinite in its possibilities, and the fidence in Amalgamated Wireless. realization of this, combined with the In my opinion the future possibilities impressive results already obtained,, and developments are at least as great give me every confidence in predicting as those of the past. For the present that the future developments will be far there is plenty to do in extending along greater than those of the past. On the- existing lines. We are ready to estab- other hand, however, it is proper to• lish additional wireless telegraph and warn your readers against expecting wireless telephone services with oversea too much at once or giving credence to countries, and the day is rapidly ap- reports of any new and startling devel- proaching when it will be possible to opments which are not borne out by- feed our local broadcasting stations reg- practical results. 460 THE MID-PACIFIC l il w d vere co was 'o a ears y hty erg h THE MID-PACIFIC 461 The New Zealand Parliament Building at Wellington, which city was ten years old when the Canterbury pilgrims arrived. ivrip.,nku.A711[71.T .A11\firCYUGWITI:70:71 • • 1"1"1""nlivr • The Canterbury • Pilgrims in New Zealand By N. E. COAD • (In the -United Empire.") rg(b~tia • •f • • ILiliLsl &&&& • ttI•111 • • • ininniatinini • 1 • • placed on higher things—man's religious Captain Thomas was satisfied with his and educational needs forsooth. It was a work. He had been engaged on a task beautiful dream but, alas, far too beauti- that had taxed his courage and resources ful for this wicked world, but for all to the utmost. During the year he and that, this beautiful dream gave rise to his band of workers had been hard at work in 'lonely remote New Zealand, one of the most successful colonizing preparing the way for a colony of Church ventures that the world has ever seen. of England settlers of a most exclusive But we anticipate. To return to Cap- tain Thomas ; he arrived in a wild and type. He had been sent out from Eng- land, in 1848, by the Canterbury Associa- uncivilized country peopled by fierce tion, which was dreaming beautifully native races. So this was New Zealand. about a new colony in the uttermost parts The whole country looked crude and bare, of the sea. To these remote regions the a most uninviting spot in which to place Association proposed to transfer a slice a "slice of England." Thomas's first task of good old England, and perpetuate was to select a site, and much against the there all its ancient traditions and class will of the then Governor, Sir George distinctions. The Association was going Grey, he chose some fine land in the South Island just over the hills from to establish a model colony where wisdom would be more desired than gold. In Port Lyttelton. His choice was a wise one. The land was fertile ; it was flat as other words, special emphasis was to be 462 THE MID-PACIFIC a pancake and needed very little clearing. get land for nothing ; everybody was to Above all it was not infested with the pay "a sufficient price," and the proceeds fierce, warlike Maoris, who were spread- were to be devoted to development work, ing terror through the settlements in the and to sending out laborers. North Island. The work of surveying proceeded apace, and thus was laid the And then began the work of attracting foundation of a colony whose history was settlers. The Association came before marked by no disastrous episode, but was the British public with a new message from the beginning a record of almost and a new mission. It issued pamphlets unbroken success. and posters, and its members stumped Throughout the year Thomas and his the country addressing public meetings. workers stuck well to their lonely task. Crowds flocked to hear them, and the Solitude brooded over all that vast ex- message fell on many willing ears. For pense. The feathery toi-toi flaunted gaily times were hard—very hard indeed, and in the breeze ; the tawny tussock hob- men's hearts were beginning to fail them. nobbed with green flax and fern ; brim- The harvests had been bad ; the Chartists ming rivers rolled onward to the sea— were agitating the country and every- Canterbury, New Zealand, 1850. Thought where there was the clamor of pauperism. Thomas, just the place for those Church New Zealand, in the uttermost parts of of England people pent up in slums, liv- the sea, enticed many an anxious citizen, ing anxiously from day to day, harassed and to cut a long story short, here was beyond endurance with the fierce struggle Godley, the advance agent, on the spot. for existence. And here, these glorious It was summer. At Port Lyttelton acres, this radiant sunshine, this exhilar- the bright sunshine pervaded everything, ating air. Come out to New Zealand ye radiating cheerfulness all around. Godley oppressed people of overcrowded Eng- and the little band of workers revelled in land ! Come out to this land of hope and the prospect—the azure sky, the glorious glory ! And so, Captain Thomas sur- blue sea, the open bush glittering in the veyed the Canterbury Plains. At Port sun. If only the Pilgrims would arrive Lyttelton he built a jetty, made roads, on this auspicious occasion. Many an erected barracks and huts. He even put expectant glance was sent out to sea. And up a hotel and a general store which he then a tiny speck appeared far off on the stocked with provisions obtained from horizon, but nobody noticed it except one Australia and the other settlements. He person. John Hay, late of the Welling- built a small village in fact, and then ton settlement, was breaking in a team waited for the arrival of the settlers. of bullocks, and he glanced at it casually Then came John Robert Godley, the enough. But, lo and behold, the next founder and author of the whole scheme. thing he saw was a ship in full sail speed- He it was who had first thought of a ing up the harbor, actually the "Char- Church of England settlement under the lotte Jane," from Plymouth, arriving De- famous Wakefield Plan, as a means for cember 16, 1850. Down to the jetty providing relief for the New Poor of rushed Hay; Godley, Thomas and the England. With infectious enthusiasm, others were already there. Intense ex- with brilliant tactics he had enlisted the citement in Port Lyttelton. sympathy of noble lords, earls, dukes and But, kind reader, let us, like some mod- bishops. No less a person than the Arch- ern Ariel, pay a visit to this ship. Wild bishop of Canterbury himself was presi- excitement there, too. Here were nearly one hundred men, women and children dent of the association. And so the set- who had been pent up for three long tlement was planned, and the price of land weary months, all longing for terra was fixed at 13 an acre. Nobody was to firma. During the long dreary voyage THE MID- PACIFIC 463 they had been assailed with doubts, tor- a glaring hot clay, but in the bush were mented with fears. Why had they torn cool glades and refreshing shade. The themselves up by the roots to engage in leaves stirred gently in the breeze, and a this mad venture? Already they were trickle of water sounded musically homesick ; they longed for England and through the silence. There were sweet old friends ; they were utterly dismayed. scents and sounds. The beautiful notes But, now, as they basked in the warm of the tui and the bell-bird rang out on sunshine and breathed the exhilarating the clear air ; white flowers of the cle- air, their drooping spirits revived. The matis and convolvulus gleamed in the new land was giving them a smiling wel- green foliage. But night was descending come. And what a land ! and Mr. A. and his sons returned to Port The Pilgrims disembarked in great ex- Lyttelton well pleased with their future citement. The very first to set foot on prospects. Unfortunately, they had not Canterbury soil was that irrepressible been able to secure accommodation, so Irishman—John Edward Fitzgerald, who they spent the night in the bush, and their took a flying leap from the ship. We camp fires set the evening skies aglow. mention the incident because this very But 700 people could not long remain same man became the first Superinten- pent up at the Port, and within two dent of the new colony, and from the be- months most of them had climbed Canter- ginning exercised a controlling influence bury Hills and spread out over the plains. over its affairs. That trek was an historic event. Men, On shore were happy meetings, cordial women and children, unaccustomed to greetings. Godley was right glad to see roughing it, climbed the steep ascent bur- his Pilgrims, and Thomas and his work- dened with their belongings. One of the ers were overjoyed. The Pilgrims were ladies, who is still alive in Christchurch, astonished at the preparations made to describing her experience, says, "When receive them. There were, of course, I got to the top I just sat down in a tus- some grumblers and grousers—there al- sock and cried." Many of the others ways are. However, there was a rush to must have felt the same way. buy fresh food at the store, and to se- But the plains had been surveyed and cure accommodation in the huts and bar- the Pilgrims soon obtained possession of racks. First come, first served. their sections. Then began the work of But, the surprises of the day were not building their homes, of building, indeed, yet over. Soon after the arrival of the the town of Christchurch. The Riccar- "Charlotte Jane" there appeared the ton Bush rang with the sound of axes "Randolph" and then the "Cressy," then providing material for building. Soon the "Sir George Seymour." In all, no the plains were dotted with small huts, fewer than 700 Pilgrims arrived in Port but as time went on, these gave place to Lyttelton on that auspicious occasion. more pretentious houses. The walls were And so, before sunset the entire horizon, made of mud, and the roofs were hitherto so blank, so mournfully empty thatched with raupo, but they were warm and limitless, became animated and pop- and comfortable, and each settler exper- ulous, with streams of men, women and ienced a delightful glow of satisfaction in children gushing forth in all directions. planning and building his own home. As A typical case and a great trek is given for the public works, these old settlers in the case of Mr. A. and his family. rose to the occasion splendidly. After a Filled with excitement and delight, they hard day on their own selection they made for the hills and gazed at the vast would turn out and do pick and shovel plains, and the majestic Southern Alps, work for the new road, or the new bridge, whose comely outlines were just sug- or whatever it happened to be. And the gested through a veil of soft mist. It was laborers who had been brought out struck 464 THE MID-PACIFIC balmy days. Many of them made their the very heart of the city, the site of an fortunes and attained positions of dignity old swamp, stands a beautiful cathedral, and affluence in the new community. whose tall Gothic spire serves as a land- Thus passed the first year with Godley mark far and wide. Round about, and in in charge. At the end of that time the and out, glides the Avon, the banks little settlement had a wonderful record planted with graceful willows and grassy to its credit. Golden corn waved in the lawns. Parks, reserves and recreation breeze ; sheep grazed peacefully in the grounds impinge right on the hustling fields. A church and school had been business area, and everywhere there are built, and a newspaper started with Fitz- trees. The whole town is embowered in gerald as editor. Moreover, the popula- trees. Eighty years ago all this was a tion had been increased by the arrival of vast expanse of tussock, fern, flax and 18 ships full of picked Church of Eng- swamp. Eighty years ago no sound of land settlers ; the little colony was well on humap voice was heard ; today there is the way to prosperity. But now settlers the busy hum of over 115,000 people. A from all denominations, and from no de- transformation indeed ! nomination at all, began to stream in, One age has gone ; one generation has much to the benefit of the settlement. passed away. Old problems have been Then it was that Godley took it upon him- solved, but new ones press forward. Such self to relax the stern rule made by the is life. In solving the problems of their Canterbury Association against the non- age the early pioneers made history and churchman. Indeed, in actual practice it established a record which most assuredly was found impossible to enforce this deserves to be rescued from oblivion. In rule. the age to come will the new generation Mr. A. and his family had made good. of New Zealanders prove worthy of their He had selected a beautiful piece of pas- sires ? Will they, too, make history ? ture land which was ready for immediate Does not the glorious record of the An- cultivation. Within a short time he had zacs supply the answer ? planted a garden, and in the following (Wellington was ten years old at the year, if he was not exactly reclining time that the Canterbury Pilgrims ar- under his own vine and fig tree, his wife rived in New Zealand. Its earliest days, was at least picking raspberries, currants like all else associated with the settlement and gooseberries from her own bushes. of the country, are full of picturesque and In three years, the family were occupy- romantic incident, and excellent work has ing a commodious house of seven or eight been done by Mr. Louis E. Ward in col- rooms, delightfully situated and with a lecting every possible scrap of informa- glorious view. Nobody regretted leaving tion about the Pioneers and their doings, his own, his native land. Everybody was in a volume issued by Whitcomb & contented with his lot. Tombs, Limited, under the title Early Again we gaze from the hills over the Wellington. Sir Robert Stout says in a Canterbury Plains today. A transfor- preface "It is fortunate for our history mation ! We gaze over a closely settle:I that such a book has been published." Its district ; over a neat and orderly array of usefulness will, we hope, inspire other fenced fields, smiling homesteads, golden cities to do likewise. The volume is dedi- corn, grazing sheep. At our feet lies a cated to the memory of the late Sir great city, its wide streets planted with Douglas Maclean, and a copy, by his trees. There stands Christchurch, the wish, has been presented to the Royal City of the Plains, with its splendid Empire Society Library, where it will churches, picturesque university build- prove of as great value to students as of ings, schools and colleges ; its imposing interest to general readers attracted by business premises and busy factories. In all intimate Empire Records.) THE MID-PACIFIC 465 In Japanese iidd Toyland By ALEXANDER HUME FORD ncidiathatintiniintiamannucenuniinuniiniiniii At last Japan seems to wish to recall older brothers to make the beautiful toys her past in art. Today in the great de- and works of art that were the family partment stores Japan-made toys are pride. They grew up with work as play taking the place of German machine- and their tiny pliable fingers learned deft- made atrocities. ness in the intricacies of artwork that Some thirty odd years ago when I does not come with later years and stiffer first visited Dai Nippon, on the Ginza muscles. every store was but the salesroom of , a Where the commercial skyscrapers and factory, and all the hands in that factory great department stores now stand on the belonged to one family. Each family for Ginza, some thirty years ago were the generations had been trained to create one and never more than two-story homes one bit of art ware and to finish it to of the artisans of Japan—people young perfection when it was placed on sale. and old who could form and dress a doll In the rear of the miles of tiny stores in any one of the then thousand distin- on the Ginza were the homes of the guishing forms of dress. True, one fam- makers of Japan ware, a dainty doll's ily might be known for the excellence of house surrounding an open court in the tiny doll wigs it could turn out, and which grew hundred-year-old dwarf pine this family would make and sell nothing trees and where in the pebbly bowls the else. The workshop was always going most marvelous and fantastic goldfish to keep the showroom that faced the disported themselves and their multiple street supplied ; you bought only doll gaudy tails, for the Japanese were past wigs here, a hundred different kinds, masters in breeding and producing won- from that imitating the headdress of the derful freak goldfish. grand wrestler to the gorgeous head wear Amidship, as it were, in the Japanese of a shogun. But every Japanese knew home, was the factory or workshop. when even the slightest mistake was made Dainty butterfly children four or five —for hairdressing in the Japan I first years of age helped their parents and knew was an art indeed. You could tell 466 THE MID-PACIFIC THE MID-PACIFIC 467 a man's station and his trade by his dis- art of the ages it seemed was being dis- tinctive headdress ; so each doll must carded forever—the dainty houses seemed have the wig that suited the calling it to fall like a row of dominoes and great represented. Sometimes there were on unsightly structures arose in their places. sale in one store a dozen different wigs Everywhere the smokestack of the fac- in a little artistic wooden box, and next tory began to hide the dainty tower of door perhaps there lived a family that the pagoda—Japan was in transition and did nothing all day long, year in and out, transition is always hideous—but today but make the costumes that would go with Japan is turning her face to the art, her the different styles of hair dressing. And own art of the past ; perhaps it is the hard these you found in the front store. As times that is bringing this about, but as you entered there would be a little patter I go into the great department stores on of wooden shoes, and out would come a the Ginza today and see the atrocities of dainty maid from the workshop behind the German machine-made toys and gew- the screen, to await your orders and bow gaws given a corner, while the Japanese- oh, so often and so gracefully. made toys that a few years ago were rel- What a fairyland ! How you lingered egated to a corner, are displayed, I re- at each little store ; at one, tiny dressing joice. Now whole floors are given up to cases of lacquer, at another, dressing Japanese toys depicting the life of old cases of a larger size and a different shade Japan, and the hideous modern toys of of lacquer. Then there was a shop where our so-called modern civilization are no the biwa was made and another where longer hypnotizing the Japanese. you bought the samisen that had been I have spent hours among the Japanese made behind the screen. Oh, the wonder- folk toys and it has carried me back to the ful inventive creations of those days ! I Japan I loved—the Japan of my youth— remember a thousand kinds of butterflies nearly two score years ago. Once more and insects, the wings of which you I see the archer with his bow in position, pressed, releasing the pointed claws to as thirty years ago I saw in Japan the clasp a bit of dress together or to hold a real feudal archers who could still camellia blossom in place. There were stretch a bow. I see only the ponderous -butterflies with golden wings, with wings wrestler in tiny replica now, but then in of silver, mother of pearl, porcelain and full array he paraded the streets of To- a hundred more kinds of tasteful or gor- kyo, the worshipped of all. In these geous wings, and a family made only its toys the gorgeously robed daimyo returns. own brand that it had originated. On the Today I know his grandsons in modern movable street stands in shops, every- costume and even in a Cambridge jacket. where were the wonderful paper folding The dainty women of every calling I find houses and even villages, each different here in the toys. True, I may still see and each a delight to the child. There the rapidly vanishing geisha girl, but not were fans of every sort and description the long line of rikshas that used to carry from those that sold for a sen up to the merry party of heavenly robed but- -those that were jewelled priceless, each terflies to the feast, at which they would bearing the stamp of a family. Pottery entertain. In this great toyland of old was made and sold before your eyes. You Japan that covers a floor of the big de- could see the potter at his wheel, the partment store gorgeous temples have painting of a dainty bit of china, and the sprung up (in miniature) and are peopled firing—what an inspiration to be useful ! again. Fairy houses and even villages Then all seemed swept away before may be bought for a song, for oh, how the influx of cheap German machine- the prices have fallen ; not a railway train made toys and Japan went mad copying or a motor car on the entire floor. Such the imitations of the foreigners and her things are now relegated to a corner on 468 THE MID-PACIFIC the floor below where you still find a few the towering gala temple cart or shrine German toys, hideous in their crudity that is drawn by a thousand at the festival, compared to the art of these little people and even the sampan ; all are there to of old Japan robed in gorgeous raiment bring back memories of a past when a by loving hands in the homes of the peo- civilized art never surpassed even by ple. I thought I had learned to forget Greece, was the everyday life of all the beauty of life that was Japan's. Japan. Here at the big department stores I Japan can never go back to the old can study the story of transportation in days, save in fancy and in memory, but old Japan. The Kaga, most ancient of she is beginning to treasure now what all, lacquered, and carried on the shoul- she has lost to civilization. Speed and ders of men in simple peasant garments, excitement have taken the place of quiet the splendidly seated daimyo within ; the pleasures. The people of Japan are comparatively new invention, but a cen- among the most civilized in the world. tury old, the riksha and its running rik- When I first knew them, they were the sha man clothed in but a simple rag, the most happy ; their wants were few, but happy butterfly within ; the bullock cart, well supplied. A bit of real Japan often pictured in toyland. THE MID-PACIFIC 469 A Bit About Siam (A Government Statement) Aitr • • • • • • • • tii-V- 4(1-4--- Siam lies between the parallels of 5° are separated by precipitous ridges, are and 21° North Latitude, and between the not more than 30 kilometres apart. The meridians of 97° and 106° East Longi- Yangtze parts company from the other tude. The area of Siam is about the two at Latitude 27°, turning abruptly same as that of France and is 518,000 east, to meander a further 2500 kilo- square kilometres, or 200,000 square metres through China before it reaches miles. Its greatest length is 1650 kilo- the China Sea; the Salwin continues to metres and its greatest breadth 800 kilo- flow south with a westward drift until it metres. reaches the Indian Ocean at Moulmein The surface of the country is charac- in the Latitude of 16°, and the Mekong terized (1) by flat alluvial plains, which takes a sharp turn to the east in the Lati- become inundated during each rainy sea- tude of 20° to make room for Siam on son and which are intersected by wind- the map, and eventually bending south- ing rivers and streams ; and (2) by wards flows into the South China Sea mountains covered with forest. There is at Saigon in Latitude 10° North. also a certain amount of undulating coun- At the point where the Salwin and Me- try. kong part company the main ridge of For convenience of description Siam mountains between them becomes part of may be divided into four parts, North- the northern frontier of Siam. This ern Siam, Central Siam, Eastern Siam ridge, known as the Den Lao ; breaks and Southern or Peninsular Siam. Pen- into a number of parallel ridges with a insular Siam is bounded on the west general strike to the N. N E.; the west- partly by the Indian Ocean and partly ern one, known as the T'anon T'Ong by Burma, on the east by the South Chai, continues southward, under dif- China Sea and the Gulf of Siam and on ferent names, to form the backbone of the south by the British Malay States of the Malay Peninsula; the next ridge to Perlis, Kedah, Perak and Kelantan. The the east is the K'un Tan Range, to the rest of Siam has for its northern neigh- eastward of which again are the PI Pan bors Burma and French Laos, for its Nam Mountains and the Luong P'rabang western neighbor, Burma, for its eastern Range. The latter stretches into the loop neighbors, French Laos and French of the Mekong and forms a part of the Cambodia and on the south it is bounded northeastern frontier. Between these by the Gulf of Siam and Southern or ranges are the valleys of four of the Peninsular Siam. rivers which finally unite their waters in The three great rivers, the Salwin the Menam Chau P'aya (the Mother-of- (known to the Siamese as the Menam waters-in-chief), the principal river of K'ong), the Mekong (known to the the kingdom. The names of these four Siamese as the Menam Mek'Ong) and the rivers are: the Me Ping rising in the Yangtze Kiang rise in the Hindu Kush Deng Lao Range, the Me Wang, the Me in Tibet and flow parallel to one another Wang, the Me YOm and the Menam in a direction due south for a distance Nan. of more than 400 kilometres between the The northern part of Siam containing Latitudes of 32° and 27° North. For these rivers is a mass of mountains, but most of this distance their beds, which here and there along the larger streams 470 THE MID-PACIFIC The flat alluvial plains of central Siam, flooded during the rainy season, produce the country's export crop of rice which is shipped mainly to China. The second source of income is derived from tin deposits in the southern mountainous regions. THE MID-PACIFIC 471 are level stretches ; as for example, at Bangpakong, (2) the area drained by the Chiengmai on the Me Ping, at Nak'on Mekleing and (3) the area south of the Lampang on the Menam Wang and at Chant'aburi Mountains. Miiong Nan on the Menam Nan. At The Menam Chau P'aya is the princi- these points there are considerable areas pal physical feature of the country. Not of flat alluvial ground suitable for the only is it the principal channel of com- cultivation of rice and on that account munication, transporting two of its chief these valleys have become comparatively products, teak logs in rafts and rice in thickly populated. Along these rivers great river boats, but it is also a source and their tributaries other such level of great wealth in that it carries in its stretches are to be found, but for the most waters the valuable silt, which in the part the rivers cleave their way between rainy season, by inundation, is deposited precipitous banks, and rapids are of fre- on the flat rice-growing areas of central quent occurrence. To the north of the Siam. P'i Pan Nam Mountains there are wide, At Paknamp'O the waters of the four level, and often swampy, districts drained rivers of the north are finally united in by the Menam Ing and the Menam Kok, the Menam Chau P'aya, and 50 kilometres both of which flow into the river Mekong. lower down, near the old town of Chai- At times when a rapid rise occurs in the nad, the river bifurcates to form a delta waters of the Mekong there is a reverse 90 kilometres long. The western branch current in the Menam Ing for a distance is said once to have been the principal of 30 kilometres upstream. stream, and truly with all its windings At about Latitude 18° the hills recede its general direction is remarkably from the four rivers that go to form the straight. Where it breaks off from the Menam Chau P'aya, leaving wide areas main stream it is known as the KIOng of level and swampy ground, which 1V1ak'am Tau, lower down as the Menam gradually merge into the great central Sup'an ; where it passes under the South- plain. ern railway line it is known as the Me- On the west, the River Salwin, flowing nam Nak'on Chaisi and at its mouth as swiftly through a narrow trough in the the Menam Tachin. The practice of giv- hills, forms, with its tributary the Me ing a river different names at different Meue, the frontier between Siam and parts of its course is common in Siam Burma for upwards of 300 kilometres. and especially in the central plain, where The average height of the peaks in this it obtains even for short canals. northern area is 1600 metres above mean The eastern and principal branch of sea level. The ground level in the City the Menam Chau P'aya divides and re- of Chiengmai is 300 metres, and at Chien- unites at several points, the chief stretches grai 378 metres. Doi Angka (Doi In- being known as the Menam NOi or lesser tanon), 2576 metres, the highest moun- river, the Menam Yai or great river, the tain within the boundaries of Siam, is Menam LOpburi, etc. At Ayut'aya it re- situated about 50 kilometres to the south- ceives the waters of a great eastern tribu- west of Chiengmai ; Doi Sut'ep, 1676 m., tary, the Menam Pasak, which, rising overlooks Chiengmai from the west ; Doi in the Fechabfin Mountains, drains the Chiengdan, 2185 m., lies north of Chieng- western slopes of the mountains of the mai and Doi Pa ChO, 2012 m., to the DOng P'aya Yen Forest. The water of northeast. These are the principal and this tributary is now being utilized to best known peaks. irrigate a large part of the lower plain Central Siam may be divided into three between the Menam Chau P'aya and the parts, (1) the area south of Latitude Menam BangpakOng. The Menam Chau 18°, drained by the Menam Chau P'aya, P'aya is tidal as far as Ayut'aya. the Menam Sup'an and the Menam The Menam SakeO, known lower down 472 THE MID -PACIFIC as the Menam Prachin, and lower down veritable mass of high and most difficult still as the Menam BangpakOng, rises peaks, about 2000 metres in height. At near the frontier of Cambodia and drains this point the main range breaks into the basin between the San Kamp'eng and three distinct ridges. At the head of the the Chant'aburi Mountains. It reaches westernmost of the three is situated the the sea at the northeast corner of the pass of Three Pagodas (P'rachedi Sam Gulf of Siam. Ong), and it is here that the K'we NOi The Menam BangpakOng and its tribu- or lesser branch of the MeklOng takes its tary the Menam Nak'on NayOk may be rise. This western range, known as the regarded as a part of the delta of the Tenasserim Range, forms the frontier of Menam Chau P'aya. There is practically Burma and Siam from the Latitude of no difference of level across the whole 16° to the Latitude of 11°. It varies in plain and the three rivers of the plain height from 700 to 1500 metres and is are joined up by a network of canals or densely forested. To the west of the klOngs which are used for irrigation, K'we NOi it averages about 1100 metres. drainage and transport. The range between the two branches of The central plain is over 300 kilo- the river is made up of bare limestone metres in length and it varies in breadth crags reaching a height of 1300 metres. from 50 to 150 kilometres. At Latitude The two branches of the Meklong 18° the banks of the Me YOm are 44 River join together at the old town of metres above mean sea level, at Paknam- Kanchanaburi, or Kanburi, in Latitude p'(5 the banks of the main river are less 14° and the main river enters the sea at than 25 metres above mean sea level, the northwest corner of the Gulf. The near Chainad at the head of the Delta, total length of the K'we Yai and the 18 metres, and at Ayut'aya not more than Mekleng together is not less than 400 4 metres, whilst in Bangkok City the kilometres. The upper reaches of the roads seldom are more than 1.80 metres river are magnificient and are famous above mean sea level. This will give for the beauty of their scenery. The some idea of the flatness of the central banks are steep and clothed in dense plain, and its liability to become inun- evergreen forest. Rapids and waterfalls dated. abound. Even at Ratburi the banks of Great quantities of silt are carried down the river are as high as 12 metres, and, and deposited on the bar at the mouth although the river is broad at that point, of the river each year, and the land is serious floods are common. gaining steadily along the northern shores The only part of Central Siam not yet of the Gulf. It is a very short time, dealt with is the district between the geologically speaking, since Ayufaya was Chant'aburi Mountains and the Gulf. as near to the sea as Bangkok is today, This area is drained by numerous in evidence of which it may be stated streams all flowing in a southerly direc- that numerous sand banks containing sea tion, the chief of which are the Menam shells of recent date are to be found all Chant'aburi, the Menam Wen and the over the central plain. These sand banks Menam Traci. The principal peaks in the were at one time sand bars which guarded Chant'aburi Mountains are K'au K'io, former mouths of the river. 800 metres high which is the only moun- To the west of the central plain is the tain visible from Bangkok, K. SOi DaO, watershed of the MeklOng or Ratburi 1640 metres, K'au P'rabad, 1078 metres River. The eastern or main branch of and K'au Sabap, 933 metres. this river, known as the K'we Yai, rises The Chant'aburi Plain is flanked on at the tail end of the T'anOn T'Ong Chai the east by a line of hills called the Range in Latitude 16°, where there is a Bant'at Hills, which lie along the Cam- THE MID- PACIFIC 473 bodian frontier and on the west by the to be in the neighborhood of 50 metres. Chant'aburi Mountains, which bend The plateau is flooded during the wet southwards along the coast of the Gulf. season and the cart tracks are impassable ; The coast of this part of Siam is much in the dry season there is great scarcity indented and closely fringed with rocky of water. and jungle-clad islands. The island Ko The mountains of the Doug P'aya Yen Si Chang lies near the northeast corner forest consist of a mass of flat-topped of the Gulf and forms a good natural peaks, varying in height from 800 to shelter for large steamers which cannot 1300 metres. The highest peak is K'au cross the bar of the Menam. The largest Lem which attains a height of 1328 island on this coast is Ko Chang, in area metres. The Dong Rek Scarp is in gen- about 180 square kilometres, and the next eral about 400 metres in height but in in size are Ko Kfid and Ko K'ram. Ko parts it rises to 700 metres. The ground Chang is 30 kilometres long and its falls off sheer towards the south, whilst greatest breadth is 10 kilometres. Its the fall to the Nam Mfin northwards is highest peak reaches 644 metres in height. gradual. In like manner the ground on Eastern Siam consists of a saucer- one portion at least, of the northern side shaped plateau tilted to the southeast and of the plateau, falls abruptly towards the a narrow strip of swampy country to the north, but accurate geographical informa- north thereof. It is bounded on the north tion of this area is scanty, as the topo- and east by the River Mekong, on the graphical survey has not yet been carried west by the P'echabfin Mountains and the out. massive flat-topped peaks of the Dong The strip to the north of the plateau P'aya Yen, and on the south by the San- is drained into the Mekong and varies in kamp'eng Range and the acing Rek width from 50 to 100 kilometres. It con- Scarp. tains the largest freshwater lake in Siam, The plateau proper is guarded on the the NOng Lahan, in area about 170 square north and east from the Mekong by a kilometres; this lake is connected with the line of hills varying in height up to 600 River Mekong by a stream called the metres, and it is drained entirely by the Nam K'am. The strip is also drained river system of the Nam Mfin, which by numerous other streams flowing into escapes through this line of hills at the the Mekong, but the only one of im- southeast corner, and empties into the portance is the Menam Songk'ram. All Mekong. these streams, like the Me Ing, have a The Nam Mfin rises in the Deng reverse current for many kilometres up- P'aya. Yen and its course is due east, stream when the Mekong is in flood. draining the southern part of the plateau. The Mekong (Menam Mek'ong) itself, Its principal tributary, the Nam Chi, also forming the boundary of the kingdom rises in the same mountains and flows for upwards of 1300 kilometres, is a huge in a circular course through the centre of river studded with islands and broken the plateau, joiniing the Nam Mfin a up by many impassable rapids. Along the short way above UbOn. The Nam P'au frontier it is from 700 to 1300 metres in carries off the surplus water from two breadth. great freshwater lakes lying to the north Southern Siam consists of a long of the plateau and empties itself into the peninsula extending from the head of Nam Chi. the Gulf, in Latitude 13°, down to Brit- The western and nothern sides of the ish Malaya, in Latitude 5° 30'. On the plateau vary in height at different points east its shores are washed by the Gulf from 130 to 200 metres above mean sea of Siam, and the South China Sea. On level whilst at Ubon the levels are said the west the Tenasserim Range and the 474 THE MID-PACIFIC Menam Kra separate it from Burma as Besides the above ranges there are far south as 10°, after which it abuts on many small subsidiary ranges lying the Indian Ocean. The southern boun- parallel to the main ranges, the chief of dary with the British Malay States is the which is Sam Rol YOd, or Three Hun- mountain range known as the Kalak'iri. dred Peaks, an isolated set of bare lime- The breadth of Southern Siam varies stone pinnacles lying to the south of the from 15 to 200 kilometres and its length Pran River and varying in height from is 750 kilometres. 300 to 600 metres. The Tenasserim Range in the neigh- In the northern part of Peninsular borhood of the P'echaburi and Pran Siam the streams usually flow either in a rivers is massed and attains to heights north or in a south direction behind these of 1000 to 1500 metres, but further south subsidiary ranges until they find a pas- it becomes narrow and is seldom higher sage eastwards to the sea ; they are very than 900 metres. There is, however, one numerous but small in size, the largest conspicuous peak at Latitude 11Y2 °, being the Menam P'echaburi, the Menam called K'au Luong (Prachuab K'irik'an), Pran and the Menam BandOn. 1247 metres in height. To the north of The latter is a short delta and is made this peak is one of the lowest passes up of the waters from two large streams, across the Burma frontier, the height of the Menam Tapi and the Menam K'irirat which is 237 metres only ; it is known as which, flowing northward towards the the Jalinga Pass or ChOng Singk'on. The AO BandOn, drain a wide plain between Tenasserim Range is split by the Menam the Nak'on and P'fiket Ranges. Kra into two parts, the western being in There are two other coastal plains of Burma and the eastern in Siam. The considerable extent to the south ; that to eastern range continues due south to the the east of the Nak'on Range contains a island of P'fiket, skirting the Indian great brackish lake, the Tale Sap, whilst Ocean, and is known as the P'fiket Range. the plain of Patani in the southeast The main ridge of the Peninsula starts corner of Siam is drained by streams afresh to the north of the City of Nak'on from the frontier range, which flow north Sitamarat, the intervening country, be- to the sea ; the largest of these streams tween the P'fiket and Nak'on Ranges, are the Menam Tani or Patani and the being dotted with isolated peaks rising Menam Saiburi. sheer out of the plain. One massive hill The only important rivers flowing into in this group, K'au P'anOm Bencha, at- the Indian Ocean are the Menam Trang tains a height of 1404 metres, but for and the Menam Kra. The latter has a the most part the peaks are only a few wide estuary, studded with sand banks hundred metres high. and islands, and known locally as the The Nak'on Range reaches the south- Menam Pakchan. west corner of Siam, and is continued On the east coast of the Peninsula along the frontier under the name of the there are a few bays, AO Sa-wi, AO Ban- Kalak'iri, which again splits into parallel dOn and AO Nak'on being the most im- ridges with a north and south strike. The portant. The islands also are few in highest peak of the Nak'on Range is K'au number, the largest being Ko Samiii and Luong (Nak'on Sitamarat), a large, Ko Pa-ngan. These two islands form a round and massive hill, 1786 metres in continuation northward of the Nak'on height, surrounded by jagged peaks, the Range. The west coast, on the other hand, next highest of which is K'au Men, 1309 where the mountains extend down to metres. the sea, is much indented with bays and The frontier range on the south varies closely fringed with islands. In spite of in height from 400 metres at each end to this there is no harbor or safe roadstead 1500 metres in the middle. deep enough for ocean liners. THE MID-PACIFIC 475 A native village on the coast 17111CMIINUITUTIC711711T7NCJITC7N1,cE7 0:311,1),ITC711C111C7ITC7UCKII711,7071171ritg Celebes, the Vast and Little Known By MARC T. GREENE (In Inter-Ocean) haunnuununi A few years ago I was making a tion of Java's millions of people, little-- leisurely way from Sidney to Iloilo, in known and in parts all but unexplored. the Philippines, on board a Norwegian Through our glasses as we sailed past tramp. One morning after many days of we explored the beaches and their lagoons delightful sailing in ever-tranquil seas, we and coves, the scattered clearings on the sighted far away to port a great island, mountainsides, and strove to penetrate an island whose jungle-clad cliffs and the jungle itself in the endeavor to dis- mountain slopes rose grandly from palm- cover signs of human life. There was lined white beaches. We drew nearer, nothing, never a native but or sail of a presently to pass a few miles from what canoe in the lagoons or smoke of a the chart showed to be no more than camp-fire on the mountain slopes. Amid one corner of the immense isle of Celebes, all the beauty and richness of this great third in size in the Dutch empire of the tropical island there appeared nothing East, larger than Java with only a frac- whatever of humanity. Everything 476 THE MID-PACIFIC seemed deserted, yet for long we specu- East it was the most compelling. Bye and lated on the probable character of the bye, then, I should see Sumatra and Java, life that must be there somewhere, be- and Bali, of course—and then Celebes. hind some of those little promontories To do those things we dream of re- that sheltered fair blue lagoons, hidden quires, as the master romanticist says deep in these verdure-filled valleys or himself, nothing more than "the courage clinging precariously to those steep of one's dreams." So far as concerns mountain sides. We wondered whether getting from one place in the world to it was friendly or hostile ; whether it was another that is true enough. I have proven the same life as that of past centuries, it to my own satisfaction, for I have made as well it might be ; whether it was the most of the ports of the Seven Seas, and primitively savage life of Papua or the with no great material equipment either. interior of Borneo, or the more amiable So, not long ago, I took a steamer of the of Java and Sumatra. K. P. M. at Surabaia for Bali, and a few For, you see, like most of the world weeks later another from Bali for Ma- we knew little or nothing about this huge cassar. That is about a 24-hour sail over Celebes. Somewhere around the corner placid waters and blue and with the at- and far to the westward there was, as mosphere of romance poignant about one. I reminded the chief officer while we Here Lingard—otherwise Conrad him- watched the green clif fsides slowly re- self—sailed his beloved brig. Somewhere cede into the sea behind us, a port called about, possibly just over the horizon, was Macassar. I remembered Macassar from Heyst's isle ; "Lord Jim," too, often a number of years before because of the skirted yonder haze-hung shores in that part it played in the tragedy of "Freya ever hopeless retreat before the assaults of the Seven Isles." Ever since then I of an unhappy memory. had thought of it as one of the ports of Presently the reef-guarded lagoon at romance in those seas immortalized by Macassar is before us, the trading schoon- Conrad. He had been there many times ers at anchor, the long beach and the and that was reason enough why anyone white houses half hidden in the tropic with the smallest amount of imagination foliage recalling one of the fairest of all should want to go there too. Like the memories, that of the lagoon at Papeete master himself, I had long since touched and the sweetest isle of all the seas be- this particular spot on the fascinating hind it. Macassar, indeed, might not in- map of the Dutch East Indies and vowed accurately be called the Papeete of the that "I would go there some day." East. From seaward the town looks not Macassar, in the Celebes ! What place greatly different, the schooners anchored more alluring among all the ports of ro- in the lagoon and tied up to the wharves mance from Penang to Papeete ? Was are much the same, the outrigger canoes the "Orange Hotel" still there and could are South Sea canoes and the gleaming one mark the reef where the little brig beach with its fringe of palms and its of Freya's forever lost sweetheart was half-concealed white houses is almost a wrecked? I wondered about these things Tahitian beach. Ashore the rows of as the Norwegian tramp made her slow Chinese stores strengthen the comparison, way across the line and brought her cargo the smell of copra and the pungent odor of Newcastle coal into the harbor of Ilo- of spices from the dock-side godowns ilo. Mystery and romance wove a spell are of the tropics and only of them, and for me about the great Celebes with its the tingling heat of a low latitude sun silent, seemingly-deserted shores, its un- tempered by the trade breeze of a south- explored interior and its memories of ern sea is inseparable from all the world's Conrad. Of all the magic isles of the islands of romance. THE MID-PACIFIC 477 Yonder, too, is the reef where the lit- quired in recent years its share of modern tle brig was wrecked and where she dis- amenities. It even has a railway which integrated in the tropical sun even as runs a few miles into the interior, but her owner, wandering up and down the which with the advent of the motoromni- beach and sinking ever deeper in despair, bus, is rapidly falling into complete became but as a battered hulk yet abandon. dreamed of Freya and the far-off Seven The "Oranje" is a comfortable hotel Isles to the last. Back from the wharves and it is probably a considerable improve- a long street of Chinese shops, small cafes ment over the "Orange" of Conrad. But and curious bazaars where vividly-colored it is the same place so far, at least, as birds from the interior in amazing variety the main building is concerned, and it is are clamorously offered the stranger a definite objective to the wanderer leads to the broad, treelined principal anxious to follow the trails of Conrad's thoroughfare of Macassar, a street that heroes and heroines among the islands of is like no other in the Orient. It is more the East. Occasionally among the folk the street of a nothern town, more the from many places who tarry there for a elm-lined way of a New England village. day and then pass on there appears one It is long and broad and straight and the even like unto a Conrad character. great trees almost form an arbor over it. To Macassar, for a brief contact with There is dignity and repose about such a "civilization" after, perhaps, many months street as about the fine buildings which upon some far-placed isle with none but line it. Macassar is a beautiful place be- natives for companions, comes a Euro- cause of it, the most beautiful town in pean now and then to indulge for a little the Archipelago, Conrad called this capital in such of the amenities of that civiliza- of the huge Celebes. And from the broad tion as the Celebes capital may offer, ere veranda of the "Oranje" the scene before returning for more long months apart one seems to justify such an encomium. from the world. One such appeared while Yes, the "Orange Hotel" is still there. I was staying at the "Oranje." He was Conrad, no doubt impatient with all an Englishman who manages a large things Dutch, as his books often reveal, copra estate on a lonely isle several hun- always called it the "Orange," but prop- dred miles off the northeast coast of New erly, of course, it is the "Oranje." How- Guinea and he had come more than 1500 ever that matters little, for the hotel itself miles on his semi-annual visit to Macas- is probably not greatly changed. And to sar, the nearest large town. I watched sit there on the veranda where the master him across the broad, high-studded din- himself often sat through a considerable ingroom at luncheon as, surrounded by part of the warm serene afternoon, is to several other far-come planters, masters feel oneself very close indeed to the East of coasting-vessels and traders, he revel- of Joseph Conrad. At one's left stretches led for a time in "civilization" as repre- the long shaded street ; and at the right sented by Macassar. And I wondered it is but a step or two to the waterfront. what it might be like to spend most of Ahead is an open space and at one side one's life 1500 miles even from this out- of that are the walls and ramparts of post of the world, this capital of vast the Portuguese fort. For Macassar was little-known Celebes. once part of the great Portuguese empire The remarkable colonization capacity of the East, that farflung line of colonies and administrative ability of the Dutch is of which now but part of Timor and nowhere more manifest than here in this Macao on the China coast remain. So it great island which they are so rapidly is an old, old town, this romantic Macas- developing. Everyone knows what has sar, but like all things Dutch it has ac- been accomplished in Java, the island 478 THE MID-PACIFIC which is of ten called the model colony Amazon and the Orinoco today. There of the world. The same thing is under. is, of course, a good deal still. But set- way in Celebes. Like the Romans the tlements which were only unheard of Dutch consider first the necessary lines native villages yesterday now have their of communication. In other words they motor service connection with the coast, build good and substantial highways, and and the folk of the interior who had they give more attention to these than scarce so much as seen a European now do any other colonizers. Adequate roads travel delightedly to the island metro- are found in every Dutch colony, and that polis to regard wonderingly the cargo is a good deal more than even the British ships from all lands and the occasional can claim. Java is amazing in this regard tourist liner which touches there. and Celebes, considering how little-known The natives are for the most part of a and thinly-populated it is and how much Micronesian rather than a Malay appear- less important yet than Java or Sumatra, ance and apparent extraction. But there is even more so. are occasional exceptions, such as the There are already hundreds of kilo- Celebes belle who so much resembles the meters of metalled highways. These have attractive Balinese girls. made access into the vast interior for the One has only to leave Macassar a few first time really practicable, and motor- miles behind to find life in Celebes little omnibuses now operate from Macassar in changed from the remote past, still half a dozen directions, a couple as far primitive and still mystified and half- as a hundred kilometers, into the frightened at the appearancec of the "country." The roads lead through the white man. To touch here and at other thick jungle, past occasional primitive smaller ports in this part of the East native villages and many a but whence Indies while a passenger on one of the children still peer in terror at these K. P. M. boats which operate in every strange contrivances which tear past with conceivable direction hereabouts is to get shriek and clatter. To the older natives well off the usual tourist track and to the motor conveyances are like new toys make contact with unconventional white and the Chinese who, as usual, have been men and "unspoiled" natives even as in the pioneers in taking advantage of the the less accessible of the South Pacific. highway system, are profiting amazingly. To remain a while, making trips by Thus the first and most essential step to motor with Macassar and the "Oranje" opening up and developing a new hotel as a base, is to enjoy a unique and region is always definitely and adequately unusual experience. The hundreds of taken by the Dutch, after which the kilometers of metalled roads and the hun- rapidity with which the colonization pro- dreds more or less smooth but still pos- cess progresses is remarkable. sible ways through the jungles and into It is so here in the Celebes. Until the interior valleys make possible ex- within a few years this huge island, ex- tended exploration of an almost virgin cept for Macassar and a few smaller land without discomfort qr insecurity. ports, was all but an unknown land. Few Primitive people, primitive life and a white men had been far into the interior rich tropical region may be seen ere yet or among those silent mountains and the thing called civilization has made valleys which I had regarded so wonder- more than the first tentative advances ingly from the Norwegian ship. There upon them. It is the best of all oppor- was all the mystery about them which tunities in this part of the world for the invests the interior of Borneo or Papua tourist to reach the much sought "some- or the lands about the headwaters of the thing different." THE MID-PACIFIC 479 Mexico has many mines of gold, silver, lead, copper, and zinc IVITUITY11,711PriGnR7IFICYliGnIVIIIII General Economic Data on Mexico From "Banco Nacional de Mexico" annucTucanathatintinucacanucannatinunthaucani O1rCu0t1C171111L1tICILCulConi inunah Mexico has a total area of 767,198 The largest part of the Mexican ter- square miles, including several small is- ritory consists of a high plateau gradually ascending towards the south lands, and a population of 15,048,448 until reaching the Tehuantepec Isthmus, inhabitants. The coast line on the Gulf where it slopes down rapidly to rise of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea meas- again when nearing the border with ures 1,728 miles, and that of the Pacific Guatemala, and descending abruptly to Ocean 4,574 miles. Rural population both west and Gulf coasts. A continua- represents approximately 73 per cent tion of the Rocky Mountains runs along and urban population 27 per cent. The the west coast, and branches of the races represented are, white, mostly of eastern range run nearly parallel to the Spanish extraction, mixed white and Gulf. Both chains spread out into an Indian, and pure Indian. intricate mountainous system through- 480 THE MID-PACIFIC out the country and constitute the The principal industries are mining source of its great mineral wealth. and smelting, petroleum production and The climate in Mexico is regulated by refining, agriculture, cattle raising, hy- the altitude, being warm to torrid at sea droelectric development, iron and steel level, mildly warm at elevations varying foundries, manufacture of textiles, from 1000 to 3000 feet, temperate at sugar, flour, beer, cigars and cigarettes, altitudes between 3000 to 5000 feet, cool shoes, cement, glassware, leather, soap, and pleasant between 5000 and 7500 feet hats, cordage, paper, and other com- and cold at higher elevations. Mexico modities. City, at 7402 feet above sea level, enjoys Mexico's leading imports are auto- one of the most even and delightful mobiles, machinery, agricultural imple- climates in the world. Due to this ments, automobile tires, hardware, dry variety in climates and altitudes, the goods, drugs and chemicals, office fauna and flora of Mexico include al- equipment, building materials, paper and most every known species, from alli- its products, common lumber, lard, food- gators to fur animals and from tropical stuffs, and canned goods. fruits and hardwoods to apple groves The leading exports are hides and and conifers. skins, fish and shellfish, whale oil, hene- The central plateau depends mostly quen, istle, cotton, chick-peas, tomatoes on rains and reservoirs for agriculture, and fresh vegetables, bananas, coffee, as the navigable rivers are located in sugar, vanilla beans, rubber, chicle, the southeastern plains. The west and hardwoods, gold, silver, lead, copper, Gulf coasts are watered by rivers des- zinc, petroleum and its by-products. cending from the mountains in the high Spanish is the official language in plateau. The rainy season extends from Mexico and is spoken with great purity June to October, and the central and southern sections are the richest in agri- throughout the country. The theoretical cultural production. unit in the monetary system is the Mexican ports are visited by a num- peso, equivalent to 75 centigrams of ber of American and European navi- pure gold. The silver peso, at the pro- gation lines. The railroad system has mulgation of the law, contined 24.4388 an extension of 17,871 miles ; telegraph grams of pure silver, and its legal value lines, 125,053 miles ; telephone lines, is that of the gold peso, with a par 180,016 miles ; mails, 2960 post offices ; value of 49.846 U. S. currency. The automobiles, over go,000, including pas- metric system of weights and measures senger cars, trucks and busses. has been in force for many years. BULLETIN OF PAN-PACIFIC UNION An unofficial organization, the agent of no government, but with the good will of all in bringing the peoples of the Pacific together into better understanding and cooperative effort for the advancement of the interests common to the Pacific area. CONTENTS New Series, No. 135, May, 1931 United Club Plans in Japan Presented by A. H. Ford 3 A Pan-Pacific Clubhouse in Central Tokyo 5 Japanese Visitors at the Pan-Pacific Club in Honolulu 7 A Message to the Members of the Pan-Pacific Club of Honolulu 8 Pearl Culture Possibilities in Hawaii Seen 9 By Alexander Hume Ford, Director, Pan-Pacific Union World Congress on Social Economic Planning - - 11 Third Congress of the Pan-American Medical Association - 14 (Mexico City, July 26-31) The Press Congress of the World 15 (Mexico City, August 10-14) OFFICERS OF THE PAN-PACIFIC UNION HONORARY PRESIDENTS Herbert Hoover President of the United States S. M. Bruce Former Prime Minister, Australia The Prime Minister New Zealand Chiang Kai Shek President of China Dr. A. C. D. de Graeff Governor-General of Netherlands East Indies The Prime Minister Canada Prince I. Tokugawa President House of Peers, Japan His Majesty, Prachatipok King of Siam P. Ortis Rubio President of Mexico Don Augusto B. Leguia President of Peru Don Carlos Ibanez President of Chile M. Pasquier Governor-General of Indo-China HONORARY VICE-PRESIDENT Dwight F. Davis Governor-General of the Philippines OFFICERS IN HONOLULU President—Hon. Wallace R. Farrington Former Governor of Hawaii Director—Alexander Hume Ford Honolulu HONOLULU Published monthly by the Pan-Pacific Union 1931 AIMS OF THE PAN-PACIFIC UNION From year to year the scope of the work before the Pan-Pacific Union has broadened, until today it assumes some of the aspects of a friendly unofficial Pan-Pacific League of Nations, a destiny that both the late Franklin K. Lane and Henry Cabot Lodge predicted for it. The Pan-Pacific Union has conducted a number of successful conferences; scientific, educational, journalistic, commercial, fisheries, and, most vital of all, that on the conservation of food and food products in the Pacific area, for the Pacific regions from now on must insure the world against the horrors of food shortage and its inevitable conclusion. The real serious human action of the Pan-Pacific Union begins. It is following up the work of the Pan-Pacific Food Conservation Conference by the establish- ment of a Pan-Pacific Research Institution where primarily the study and work will be along the lines necessary in solving the problems of food production and conservation in the Pacific Area—land and sea. Added to this, will be the study of race and population problems that so vitally affect our vast area of the Pacific, the home of more than half of the peoples who inhabit this planet. The thoughts and actions of these peoples and races toward each other as they are today, and as they should be, for the welfare of all, will be a most important problem before the Union, as well as the problem of feeding in the future those teeming swarms of races, that must be well fed to preserve a peaceful attitude toward each other. The Pan-Pacific Union is an organization in no way the agency of any Pacific Government, yet having the good will of all, with the Presidents and Premiers of Pacific lands as its honorary heads. Affiliated and working with the Pan-Pacific Union are Chambers of Commerce, educational, scientific and other bodies. It is supported in part by government and private appropriations and subscriptions. Its central office is in Honolulu, because of its location at the ocean's crossroads. Its management is under an international board. The following are the chief aims and objects of the Pan-Pacific Union : 1. To bring together from time to time, in friendly conference, leaders in all lines of thought and action in the Pacific area, that they may become better acquainted ; to assist in pointing them toward cooperative effort for the advance- ment of those interests that are common to all the peoples. 2. To bring together ethical leaders from every Pacific land who will meet for the study of problems of fair dealings and ways to advance international justice in the Pacific area, that misunderstanding may be cleared. 3. To bring together from time to time scientific and other leaders from Pacific lands who will present the great vital Pan-Pacific scientific problems, including those of race and population, that must be confronted, and, if possible, solved by the present generation of Pacific peoples and those to follow. 4. To follow out the recommendations of the scientific and other leaders in the encouragement of all scientific research work of value to Pacific peoples ; in the establishment of a Research Institution where such need seems to exist, or in aiding in the establishment of such institutions. 5. To secure and collate accurate information concerning the material resources of Pacific lands ; to study the ideas and opinions that mould public opinion among the peoples of the several Pacific races, and to bring men together who can under- standingly discuss these in a spirit of fairness that they may point out a true course of justice in dealing with them internationally. 6. To bring together in round table discussion in every Pacific land those of all races resident therein who desire to bring about better understanding and coopera- tive effort among the peoples and races of the Pacific for their common advance- ment, material and spiritual. 7. To bring all nations and peoples about the Pacific Ocean into closer friendly commercial contact and relationship. To aid and assist those in all Pacific com- munities to better understand each other, and, through them, spread abroad about the Pacific the friendly spirit of interracial cooperation. PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN 3 United Club Plans Presented by A. H. Ford (Japan Advertiser, Tokyo, April 7, 1931) Envisioning its realization as a power- that the temporary headquarters will be ful force in the formation of a "definite opened and that the permanent building and distinct patriotism of the Pacific," will be erected. Alexander Hume Ford, Director of the Sponsored by the Pan-Pacific Good Pan-Pacific Union, formally presented Relations Club, the luncheon was pre- the proposal of erecting a Pan-Pacific sided over by its president, Dr. Kenzo Clubhouse in Tokyo to more than 250 Takayanagi of the Law Department of representatives of some 20 organizations Tokyo Imperial University. After he had yesterday noon at a luncheon in the spoken briefly on the development• in basement of the new Sanshin Building, Tokyo of societies among both foreign- across from Hibiya Park. The pro- ers and Japanese to further international posed clubhouse is intended to serve as relations, he called on Mr. Ford to pre- headquarters for the city's many groups sent his proposal for the union clubhouse. interested in promoting good relations "We of all the Pacific races and creeds among the nations bordering on the Pa- in Tokyo," Mr. Ford opened, "are meet- cific Ocean. ing here today to decide whether we can The building suggested by Mr. Ford permanently unite our efforts toward our would be erected on part of the property own mutual advancement as well as to- of the old Peers' Club, adjoining the Im- ward a better understanding around our perial Hotel. Of Japanese architecture, ocean. I think we can. it would stand seven or eight stories high "In Hawaii we have for 20 odd years with a ball room, auditoriums, dining used the city of Honolulu as a central rooms, organization headquarters and racial experiment station. After many guest rooms. The insurance company trials and a hundred failures, each failure which owns the property, Mr. Ford de- a step nearer success, we have at last ap- clared, has been approached with the parently found what is desired by the proposition and has tentatively agreed to men and women of the Pacific races put up the building, provided it is as- gathered at that crossroads of our ocean sured of a lease that will run 10 or 20 and have helped them to attain that de- years. The anual rental is estimated to sire. It was three months ago that be about Y100,000. Prince Iyesato Tokugawa dedicated to Until this building, or such other as the use of all races in Hawaii the Pan- the organizations may select, can be con- Pacific Clubhouse in Honolulu. Here structed, Mr. Ford suggested the rental Japanese, Americans, Chinese, Filipinos, of the basement in the Sanshin Building Samoans, Hawaiians, Latins and others as a temporary clubhouse. Except for carry out their plans for working to- two restaurants, one large and the other gether. They are doing it well. So I be- small, the space is as yet undivided, giv- lieve, we can in Tokyo. ing room for a large auditorium and for "In our central building, each race and organization offices. About Y12,000 a club has its own space and each has its year was announced as the sum needed. own luncheon day. Unitedly, the races A second luncheon to consider the have the great lobby and the palm garden proposal in greater detail will be held in for general meetings. It works well. the same place at noon next Monday. As "It has been suggested that, pattern- soon as an executive committee is formed, ing after the model in Hawaii, we have Mr. Ford hopes to announce definitely our own Pan-Pacific club rooms here in 4 PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN the Sanshin Building. This entire floor of the Young Men's Buddhist Associa- is available. And it is further suggested tion. If they were all together here, we that later we have a Pan-Pacific Club- could know something of their work and house in the very center of Tokyo as a could cooperate with them." home for all the groups that desire bet- After elaborating on the activities that ter understanding among the peoples the union headquarters would make pos- about the Pacific, this teeming home of sible, Mr. Ford spoke of preliminary more than half the population of the work on the permanent clubhouse. globe and the future theater of the "When I called on a member of the world's commerce and civilization. House of Peers who is president of the "We have today examined the space insurance company which owns the spa- where we may try out for a time the ex- cious grounds about the old building of periment of close inter-racial coopera- the Peers' Club, I learned that the build- tion. It seems to me that in the still un- ing is now unsafe for occupancy. Its divided space we might well have, even use, therefore, is out of the question. I now, official headquarters for branches of am informed, however, that the insurance all the English-speaking organizations in company may be willing to build and Tokyo, forming a training school for furnish a Pan-Pacific clubhouse if as- further and closer relationships, if we sured of a 10 or 20-year lease. In dis- can decide on our own Union or Pan- cussing the matter, I urged that the pres- Pacific Clubhouse." ent wonderful feudal gateway be pre- Mr. Ford said that in Hawaii the com- served and that the clubhouse be built in ponent societies paid from $100 to $1,000 Japanese style, at least externally to har- a year for the privilege of using the monize with it. union clubhouse for their activities and "Architects and engineers have looked that for individual membership the fee over the proposed building lot, 80 feet in was $10. frontage and 150 in depth. I am informed In Tokyo, he pointed out, the many that a building covering this lot, seven or organizations working for essentially the eight stories high, might be erected, fur- same purpose are widely scattered. In nished and leased for Y100,000 a year, or the proposed building, they could be perhaps a little less. When the floor brought together. space is considered, this is not more than "Presume," he said, "as we left this we pay for the clubhouse in Honolulu. dining room, that we could walk into the Perhaps here, as in Hawaii, taxes may be office of the America-Japan Society and exempted on the ground that the build- meet its secretary and then to the next ing is used for educational purposes. space to meet the secretary of the What more important education is there League of Nations Association. Near by in all the world than that of training men might be the secretary of the student and women of all races to work together English-speaking societies and the circu- to understand each other ? lating library and headquarters of the "It is distinctly a feasible plan," he Women's Club of Tokyo. Across the concluded. "It has been proposed by the hall from these might be a travel bureau. Pan-Pacific Union to urge the erection There could also be a real Pan-Pacific of such clubhouses in all of the several Press Club, where we might find our great cities about our ocean so that we hometown newspapers as well as papers may be drawn more closely together, cre- and magazines from every Pacific land. ating a true, definite and distinct patriot- We should have room for the secretary ism of the Pacific. Then may the time of the foreign branch of the Young come that the Pan-Pacific Union, taken Men's Christian Association and for that over by a government of the Pacific, with PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN 5 a Pan-American Union and a Pan-Euro- colleges in Tokyo into a Pan-Pacific Stu- pean Union operating, will appeal to the dent Club. good offices of the League of Nations to Representatives were present from the bring them together as a united whole, America-Japan S o c i et y, Pan-Pacific the long-dreamed-of Parliament of the Good Relations Club, Y. M. C. A., Y. W. World." C. A., Y. M. C. A. English-speaking so- Following Mr. Ford's speech, Dr. ciety, League of Nations Association, Takayanagi called on Mr. S. Saito, of the Mikimoto Club, University Club, Dodge Young Men's Christian Association; Mr. International Study Club, Y. M. B. A., Russian Immigrant Society, Travel Club, Takeishi Haruki, of the Pan-Pacific Cos- American Club and Pan-Pacific Cosmo- mopolitan Club of Aoyama Gakuin; Miss politan Club of Aoyama Gakuin. The Kawasaki, of the Buddhist group, and Buddhists also had a table. National Rev. F. W. Heckelman of Aoyama Ga- groups were sent by the Filipinos, Cana- kuin, to endorse the project. Mr. Haruki dians, Koreans and Chinese. Music was told of plans to organize the English- played by a Hawaiian orchestra headed speaking societies of the universities and by Francis Kirie. 000 A Pan-Pacific Clubhouse in Central Tokyo In Japan Times, March 31, 1931 A Pan-Pacific Clubhouse in central Today the many clubs and organizations Tokyo, respendent externally, at least, in making for international goodwill are Japanese style of architecture, is the either badly housed, or not housed at all. proposition advocated by the Director of A visitor to Tokyo interested in the study the Pan-Pacific Union. This clubhouse of interracial organizations must go to the is to be the home of the English-speak- Diet building to interview the secretary ing Japanese and foreign societies that of the Pan-Pacific club, to the Imperial are seeking a better understanding among Hotel to find the executive of the Amer- the peoples of the Pacific area. ica-Japan Society, to Maranouchi to con- And why not such a Union Clubhouse fer with the director of the League of in Tokyo ? In Honolulu some forty racial Nations Society, or to Sheba to find the clubs have recently united and taken over International Labor Office, then way out the largest clubhouse in that city as their to Kanda to meet the Y. M. C. A. secre- home. It is called the Pan-Pacific club- taries, and to a score of distant points to house, and besides serving all the civic find the headquarters of various friendly organizations as a center of activities, it interracial organizations of English- houses from time to time distinguished speaking goodwill societies. visitors from Japan and other Pacific In Hawaii all this has been overcome lands ; men who are interested in the af- by the Pan-Pacific Union getting behind fairs of our great ocean, educators who a movement to secure a joint clubhouse speak at the club luncheons or at the uni- for all the civic bodies in Honolulu. Per- versity centers, preaching invariably a haps the Pan-Pacific Association of patriotism of the Pacific and better un- Japan might be the proper organization to derstanding among the nations about this, father such a project here, and it is likely our ocean, the home of more than half that the Pan-Pacific Good Relation Clubs the population of the globe. of Tokyo will ask the parent organization Tokyo urgently needs such a clubhouse. to do so. It is interesting to note that 6 PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN Prince I. Tokugawa, president of the and so the Pan-Pacific Clubhouse, facing Pan-Pacific Association of Japan and a Palace Square, was secured, and here trustee of the Pan-Pacific Union, dedi- every Monday noon several hundred men cated last December the clubhouse in and women of all races of the Pacific Honolulu, and Viscount T. Inouye, presi- gather in the great palm garden to chat a dent of the Tokyo Pan-Pacific Club, was while, then find their way to their own one of the first speakers in January at the particular lunch tables. The one table Pan-Pacific clubhouse in Honolulu. where there is always a mixture of races The Pan-Pacific Union has had twenty is that of the Pan-Pacific Union itself, years of experience in organization work, where the Governor of Hawaii, as Hon- usually in the form of great international orary President, sometimes presides, sit- organizations, along scientific and educa- ting down with some forty men of all tional lines. Hawaii has been used as a races at this particular table. racial experiment station and Honolulu While all the races meet together on was shocked some years ago to find, after Mondays, on other days of the week the the Pan-Pacific Club had brought all the several racial civic clubs hold their lunch various races together, sometimes 500 at gatherings and often of an evening there a weekly lunch, that each of the racial are three hundred Japanese, Chinese or groups began forming their own organi- Hawaiians at a dinner-dance gathering. zations. The leaders of the Pan-Pacific It all works out well. On Friday nights Union instead of opposing this, turned in the scientists of all races dine together and gave its aid, and so the Chinese Civic, and provide later an illustrated lecture for the Japanese Civic, the Filipino Civic, the the general public. The Educational As- Samoan and other racial associations were sociation has a kindred program for born. Each had its own luncheon day, but Thursday evenings. There are six or once a week they all came together at the seven large dining rooms in the Pan- Pan-Pacific lunch. Here again racial pref- Pacific Clubhouse, seating from forty to erences were shown : the Chinese Civic three hundred diners, or if all thrown Club demanded a separate table for its into one, some seven hundred. members attending the lunch, the Japan- It is planned by enthusiasts in Tokyo ese and Filipinos the same. Not only that, to build here a Pan-Pacific clubhouse spa- but the elder Japanese demanded a sepa- cious enough to house a score or more of rate table for those speaking Japanese our racial and interracial societies. An at- chiefly, and next women of the different tempt has been made to secure the tem- races organized their own weekly tables porary use of the old Peer's Club build- at the Monday lunches. In time the Ad ing, next the Imperial Hotel, but the Club, Rotary, the Lions, the Business and directors of the Insurance company con- Professional Women's Club, the Y. W. trolling the property feel that the build- C. A. and other club organizations desired ing is unsafe. It is hoped, however, that their own tables, so that at the Honolulu they will favorably consider a proposition Pan-Pacific lunches there are now thirty to erect a suitable club building and lease or more tables of ten each, and each table it for service as a Pan-Pacific Clubhouse. represents a different club. Such a building, adjoining the old Jap- And all the time the Pan-Pacific Union anese gateway, built externally, at least, has been learning things. It has learned in true. Japanese style of architecture, is that in Hawaii you cannot force the races the dream of the enthusiasts who believe to mingle. Is this true of Japan ? In Ha- that all interracial organizations in Tokyo waii when the races do mix it is on occa- can be happily housed under one roof. sion and spontaneous. A place became In the meantime a group of men and needed in Honolulu where all the races women representing a number of home- might meet, then go to their own groups, less organizations are seeking temporary PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN 7 quarters where they may try out the plan guests of many races will sit down to of cooperative effort toward better under- lunch next Monday to discuss the plans standing while architects are preparing to be presented. Among the clubs and designs for the real home building de- organizations invited to have tables of ten sired. So far, the most favored site and members each are the America-Japan So- situation for a temporary home is the ciety, the American Club, Rotary, Pan- Sanshin building, facing Hibiya Park, a Pacific Club, Pan-Pacific Good Relations block from the Imperial Hotel, and per- Club, Pan-Pacific Cosmopolitan Club, haps the most central location in Tokyo. Pan-Pacific Students' C 1 u b, Wasseda, Plans are in preparation here for a Pan-Pacific Women's Club, Pan-Pacific luncheon on Monday, April sixth, repre- Club of Shanghai, the Chinese Society, sentatives from some thirty racial and in- Korean community, Filipino group, Sia- terracial organizatidns giving assurance mese Society, Russian Immigrant Society, that they will attend in numbers. It will Canadian Society, Hawaiian Club, Latin be interesting to learn whether the races Association, British, Shinto Society, Bud- here desire their separate tables at the dhist Association, Women's Buddhist As- meal gatherings, as in Hawaii, or prefer sociation, Y. M. C. A., Y. W. C. A., press to mix and mingle about the festive board members, "Aloha" table, Bahai members, as is done at the Pan-Pacific Club gather- Peace Society, English Speaking Soci- ings on Fridays at the Imperial Hotel. eties, educational, medical, science tables, The luncheon next Monday will be held University Clubs, League of Nations So- at the great dining room of the Sanshin ciety, and Labor Bureau, Travel Club, building, and the lunch will be seventy women's societies, and others. sen. The floor desired in the Sanshin The lunch next Monday in the Sanshin builting is yet undivided in space, and it building will begin at 12 noon sharp. The is proposed to use this extensive area as assembling of guests will be on the ground a joint home for a number of outstanding floor of the Sanshin building. An inspec- interracial organizations, asking a number tion of the spacious quarters contemplated of them to have their offices here and to as joint club rooms will be made, then the provide secretaries who speak English, guests will enter the big dining hall and Japanese and perhaps one other foreign go to their several club and group tables, language. A space seating several hun which will bear the proper signs. So far dred will be set aside where illustrated about thirty tables have been spoken for public lectures may be given. by different clubs and societies interested in the plan for joint community work for It is expected that some three hundred better racial understandings. Japanese Visitors at the Pan-Pacific Club of Honolulu Professor and Mrs. Kentaro Omiya of tional institutions. Ten boys in the Nihon University, and Professor Yoshi- group represented Hosei, Meiji Gakuin, taro of St. Paul's University, Tokyo, Takushoku, Nihon and St. Paul's Uni- were guests at the Pan-Pacific Club of versities, and one girl, Hiroe Ishiwata, Honolulu during a three weeks' stay in Nihon Women's College, these six insti- the Hawaiian Islands. Professor Omiya tutions being members of the Intercol- legiate Federation of English-Speaking was the leader of a group of eleven stu- Societies of Japan. Further accounts of dents who took part in oratorical and this Good Will Student Party's activi- debating contests with students of the ties will be given in the June Pan-Pacific University of Hawaii and other educa- Bulletin. PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN A Message to the Members of the Pan-Pacific Club of Honolulu at Their Luncheon April 20 From Alexander Hume Ford, Director of the Pan-Pacific Union Tokyo, April 8, 1931 Each Monday we have a few hundred clubs working together for the public at lunch here in Tokyo, laying plans for welfare. a Clubhouse such as you have. Plans You in Honolulu have set an example, have been drawn and I trust will be ex- the force of which you little understand. hibited at your lunch. It will be a beau- It seems likely now that a chain or ring tiful Clubhouse in Japanese style, next of Pan-Pacific Clubhouses will be built door to the Imperial Hotel. about the Pacific, and that men of all In the meantime we are taking the races and creeds will be brought together ground floor of the finest and newest as never before. The Hawaiian spirit is building in Tokyo (also near the Imper- spreading around our Ocean, so keep it ial) and here we are gathering all the alive at home. Aloha. racial and goodwill English-speaking Plans are now drawn for the Pan-Pa- clubs to try out what is known now as cific Club building in Tokyo, and the ex- the "Hawaii plan." We have thirty or ample set by Hawaii is being closely fol- forty tables of ten each, and each table lowed in this as it is in the matter of fi- a race or a club. It is just like Honolulu nancial support to the Pan-Pacific Union. and often the speakers are men who have Hawaii's example is contagious, and with been trained in Hawaii. Sometimes we the Territory leading off with the usual have Kaai's orchestra and then every one appropriation, I think now the others will sings "Aloha." follow suit, with a little prodding, and I We are establishing weekly national am here to prod. exhibits, and hope to exchange these with The dedication of the big headquarters you from time to time. The regular Pan- of the Pan-Pacific Clubs in the Sanshin Pacific Club under Prince Tokugawa's Building facing beautiful Hibiya Park, I direction still holds its meetings Fridays hope, will soon take place. We are hav- at the Imperial Hotel ; these thirty or ing a big business meeting lunch at the forty English-speaking clubs are being Sanshin to finance the taking of what will brought together by the Pan-Pacific Good practically amount to the two ground Relations Club, of which Dr. Takayanagi floors, for we expect at the big functions is President and our old friends Saito to use the great hallway that runs the and Matsuzawa directors. length of the building and is surrounded When the clubs are all brought to- by a mezzanine gallery, one of the most gether, the Pan-Pacific Association of ideal reception halls for royalty or the Japan will be asked to father the whole like one could conceive of. plan and we hope to have a wonderful The King of Siam is here today. He reception and housewarming soon. is reviewing the great parade in his honor I trust that the Honolulu Pan-Pacific with some forty thousand Buddhist Club will get up a membership campaign, priests and others. It is Buddha's birth- for it is the example of the Pan-Pacific day and the King of Siam is the only Club in Honolulu that is inspiring Tokyo. monarch of a country where Buddhism is We have been offered a million-yen the official religion. He is reviewing building here; it will be built for us, for practically from the site of our Pan-Pa- these people realize the wonderful poten- cific Club. He is an Honorary President tial possibilities of a score or more of of the Pan-Pacific Union, and I hope PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN 9 will visit us in Hawaii on his way back At present I am busy with architects from New York. and engineers. One of the big insurance I am educating a young college man companies offers to erect the Pan-Pacific here in the work of the Pan-Pacific Clubhouse for our many English-speak- Union. He is young Takeshi Haruki, ing clubs, and I am getting them together. who four years ago organized the Pan- I am also invited to go over to Shanghai Pacific Cosmopolitan Club at Aoyama and build there. I hope we shall have a Gakuin and is now organizing a Pan-Pa- big Pan-Pacific Clubhouse in each of the cific University Students' Club and with great cities around the Pacific and in great success. I expect to send Taruki on Honolulu a real commanding Pan-Pacific to the University of Hawaii for a year Peace Palace paid for by the govern- or so, and he can stay at the Pan-Pacific ments of Pacific lands, and I believe we Clubhouse and learn our ways. shall—Hawaii deserves it. 000 Pearl Culture Possibilities in Hawaii Seen By ALEXANDER HUME FORD (In the Honolulu Star-Bulletin, April 6, 1931) TOKYO, March 13.—Hawaii may be- me a pearl, but then another oyster come the pearl center of the Pacific, if yielded two, one a culture, the other a she so desires, with an annual crop of natural pearl, and the more valuable. culture pearls running far up into the It is really a thrilling experience to millions. have a dozen pearl oysters set before you The world's pearl king, Kokuchi Miki- and to watch the opening of these and moto, has invited me to be his guest for then dig into the oyster for the glistening the week-end to discuss the facilities Ha- silver ball. You see its glint for a mo- waii offers for a pearl culture station to ment and wonder what its size will be. , supply the demand of 120,000,000 people Then the flesh of the oyster is pushed for pearl adornments. back by the knife and the pearl grows About me are beautiful bays which larger and larger. each year are planted with some 5,000,000 Twice my eyes glistened at the size of pearl oysters. Each oyster has a potential my prize. I was told that Mr. Mikimoto value of at least $5 and the area from wanted to try my luck before doing busi- which they come does not exceed that of ness with me. Well, he has no reason to Pearl Harbor or Kaneohe Bay. complain on that score, nor have I. This man, as a boy, made and peddled maca- I say $5, for I have just feasted on oysters in which pearls are embedded. roni. He showed me in his garden the Before me lies a pile of a dozen pearl very stone mortar in which he made his shells, while in my vest pocket are a macaroni. dozen pearls of all sizes and of several Next month Mr. Mikimoto will bury colors. One is a blue pearl of a beauty a million pearls at a Buddhist shrine as a that tempts me to believe it has great peace offering for causing the taking of so much life, for life is life to the Bud- value. These oysters were taken up at ran- dhist, even if it is but oyster life. I dom and opened before my eyes, the Did you ever dine on pearls? Well, have. As we sat down to lunch, we were pearls extracted and handed to me with served fried oysters. I was told by my a low bow. One oyster declined to yield 10 PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN host to be careful. I thought he meant During winter these Japanese lasses not to eat so fast. Suddenly my teeth work but three hours a day, staying in closed on something hard and round— the water but 10 minutes at a time. In "Another filling gone," I muttered. The summer they work the day long. woman next to me gurgled, "I've swal- We paid the little house boat of the lowed something." diving girls a visit. They poured out I took from my mouth, not a missing from the single room where they warm filling, but a beautiful, lustrous, round themselves by the stove, preparing for pearl of enticing size, and still another the next dive. They threw their big oyster lay before me. This feast was fol- wooden tubs overboard and sprang after lowed by "a dozen raw," each one the them. They crawled along the sandy bot- receptacle of a pearl. No one knew in ad- tom a moment or so, gathering oyster vance their size or worth, yet they were shells in their hand nets, then rose sud- offered to the guest ! And Mr. Mikimoto denly to dump their catch into the tub has taken a $50,000 pearl from one of his to which they are tied by two long ropes. oysters ! They whistle to help fill their lungs be- There are some $25,000,000 worth of fore going down and to keep themselves pearl oysters about me, almost within my warm. reach. Why should not as many pearl In Hawaii, of course, our Hawaiian oysters be planted in Hawaiian waters boys might be the divers and they could where they would come to maturity in keep up the sport all day long throughout half the time required in these cold Jap- the year. anese waters ? Moreover, on pearls raised Mr. Mikimoto first began to take an in Hawaii there is no tariff, which would interest in the possibilities of pearl cul- permit higher wages to the workers in ture in Hawaii when the Pan-Pacific Re- Hawaii, as I pointed out to the pearl search Institution invited Dr. C. Ishi- king. kawa of Japan and Dr. Waikaya of Korea This is winter, and 300 employes are to meet for a two months' stay in Hono- at work, but during five months of the lulu with Dr. David Starr Jordan and summer fully 2000 men and women will Allan R. McCulloch, the Australian ich- be employed on full time in the little area thyologist. Dr. Ishikawa returned to Japan about these oyster beds. We went out in convinced that the Japanese oyster would a launch to see the diving girls at work. thrive in Hawaiian waters and later At Gokasho, the little bay of pearls, proved his contention. we were first feasted in a beautiful guest Later Dr. Paul Galtsoff became inter- house on a high hill overlooking the five- ested and visited Hawaii. With young fingered bay and its glorious pine-clad Northrup Castle of the junior science hillsides. Below us are great rafts of group of the Pan-Pacific Research Insti- oaken barrels held together by long, slen- tution, he visited Pearl and Hermes reef der poles. From these suspend the cages and brought back pearl shells that in which live and thrive the pearl oysters promise to thrive in Hawaiian waters. He, awaiting their 10 years of maturity (it too, predicted that Hawaii might become will be much less in Hawaiian waters.) a world pearl station, and Dr. Galtsoff and At first, for three years after sowing Mr. Mikimoto are firm friends. the tiny spats the oyster is allowed to live Again this summer I hope we shall upon the floor of the bay at a depth of have at the Pan-Pacific Research Institu- some three fathoms, or 18 feet. It is to tion Dr. Ishikawa of Japan, bringing gather these oysters and bring them to millions of oyster spats for planting ; the laboratory that the diving girls are employed. Gilbert Whitley from the Sydney Museum with oyster spats from Austra- PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN 11 lia, New Zealand, and Fiji, and Dr. Galt- grafted into the flesh of the living oyster, soff with what he can bring from where in seven years it grows to a size America. that may bring hundreds. Many of our deserted fish ponds on In Hawaii it is expected that the proc- Molokai and portions of Kaneohe bay ess would take half as long. Even the may some day be used for the culture of X-ray cannot discover which are the the pearl oyster. Mr. Mikimoto will visit natural pearls and which are created by Hawaii in 1933. By that time, with a the Mikimoto process, which, by the way, little energy, it could be demonstrated is patented in every country of the globe. that pearl-bearing oysters from several Besides that there are certain secrets in parts of the Pacific can thrive in our pearl culture known only to Mr. Miki- waters. moto and his experts. Mr. Mikimoto and his son-in-law, Mr. Yokoyama, are preparing an exhibit of I am asking Albert Rebel, chairman of pearl showing the process of artificial our Pan-Pacific products committee, to pearl culture from start to finish. The appoint Col. Charles E. Davis, Mrs. F. M. millions of tiny pearls formed in the Swanzy and Northup Castle, Jr., on the oysters are used as the nucleus for the local committee to introduce the cultural real pearl. Each tiny pearl is skillfully pearl industry into Hawaiian waters. World Congress on Social Economic Planning (From the Secretariat of the International Industrial Relations Association, 66 Java- straat, The Hague, Holland.) A world industrial relations congress nations or of the various groups with on "SOCIAL ECONOMIC PLAN- which they are affiliated in their re- NING—The Necessity for Planned Ad- spective countries. justment of Productive Capacity and The I. R. I. looks upon the Congress Standards of Living" will take place in as an open forum in which individuals Amsterdam (Holland) from August outside its membership will have the 23rd (evening) to 29th (morning) under same status as its own members, the the auspices of the International Indus- task of the I. R. I. being to plan the pro- trial Relations Association (I.R.I.) with gram and to organize the meetings. headquarters at The Hague, 'Holland. Plans will be discussed for continued The Congress, which is the first of its work on the problem, in which many in- kind, is being called at the direction of stitutions and individuals will be needed. the Council of the I. R. I., consisting of PROGRAM four members from each nation and in- Sunday, August 23, Evening. Opening meet- cluding individuals from the threefold ing. Report on Congress procedure. groups of management, labor and the Monday, August 24, Morning. THE PRESENT social sciences. PARADOX-UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE MIDST OP ECONOMIC PROGRESS. The proceedings will be conducted in 1. The Significance of World-Wide Unem- English, French and German and, in ployment. Speaker : Dr. Max Lazard, Paris— accordance with the established prin- Discussion based on reports of fluctuations in ciple of the Association, all participants employment and unemployment in various countries, 1910-1930 (Great Britain, France, in the Congress will speak as individ- Australia, U. S. A., Canada, U.S.S. R., China. uals and not as representatives of their Germany), printed and available in advance ; 12 PAN-PACIFIC UNION :BULLETIN by Dr. F. C. Benham, London School of ECONOMIC PLANNING Economics and Political Science, formerly 1. Economic Service of the League of Na- lecturer in the University of Sydney, Australia ; tions. Dr. W. A. Berridge, Metropolitan Life Insur- 2. The International Bank, Its Potential Re- ance Company, U.S.A., and member of Com- lation to Planned Production. mittee on Governmental Labor Statistics of the 3. Experience and Potentialities in Inter- American Statistical Association; Dr. Susan national Economic Treaties. Speaker : Prof. M. Kingsbury and Dr. Mildred Fairchild, Bryn Joseph P. Chamberlain, Columbia University, Mawr College, U. S. A. ; Mr. L. K. Tao, New York. Director, Institute of Social Research, and Dr. 4. Economic Basis of Regional Agreements. Franklin L. Ho, Nankai University, China ; and Afternoon. Dr. Robert Wilbrandt, University of Tubingen, 1. International Planning by Industries. Germany. Speaker: Prof. M. J. Bonn, Berlin. 2. Recent Growth in the World's Productive 2. Mass Distribution and Standards of Liv- Capacity. Speaker : Dr. Otto Neurath, Di- ing. Speaker : Edward A. Filene, William rector, Social Economic Museum, Vienna. Filene's Sons' Co., Boston, U. S. A. Openers of discussion: (to be announced later). Friday, August 28. Morning. Afternoon. STANDARDS Or LIVING—THE RESULTANT Or PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICABILITY OP ECONOMIC PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY AND BUYING POWER PLANNING 1. International Agreement on Labor Stand- 1. The Problem of Planned Economy. ards. Speaker : Albert Thomas, Director, In- Speaker : Dr. Lewis Lorwin, Institute of ternational Labor Organization of the League Economics of the Brookings Institution, Wash- of Nations. ington, D. C., U. S. A. 2. The Economic Policy of the International 2. Principles and Practice of Scientific Labor Movement. Management 3. The Significance of a Higher-Wage (a). As Developed in the United States. Policy. Speaker : Dr. H. S. Person, Managing Director Afternoon. of the Taylor Society, New York ; formerly ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE ON THE WORKSHOP Director of the Amos Tuck School of Admin- Chairman: Prof. Goetz Briefs, Technische istration and Finance, Dartmouth College, Hochschule, Berlin. Building Human Rela- U. S. A. tions for Labor's Participation in Economic (b) Aspects of the Movement in Europe. Policy—Experience in the Electrical Industry Speaker : Hugo von Haan, International Man- of the United States and Canada. Speaker : agement Institute, Geneva. Openers of dis- H. H. Broach, President, International Broth- cussion: (to be announced later). erhood of Electrical Workers, Washington, Tuesday, August 25. Morning. D.C., U.S.A. POTENTIALITIES IN NATIONAL ECONOMIC Evening. PLANNING—(As illustrated by nations in dif- ferent economic regions of the world.) THE NECESSITY FOR WORLD SOCIAL ECONOMIC 1. Regions of Surplus Productive Capacity. PLANNING—REPORT Or COMMITTEE ON FIND- INGS. 2. Regions of Incomplete Resources and Re- stricted Markets. Note: The Round Table Conference, with 3. Regions of Partially Developed Re- two scheduled meetings and the possibility of sources. specially called sessions at other times, will Afternoon. discuss the application of the congress reports EXPERIENCE IN ECONOMIC PLANNING and findings to present policies and practices in 1. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. the workshop, such as guaranteeing security of Wednesday, August 26. Morning. employment ; policies of wage determination; THE COOPERATIVE MOVEMENT the proper length of the working day as a fac- 1. Its Potential Contribution to Economic tor in productive capacity and buying power ; Planning. and labor's collaboration in production policies. ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE ON THE WORKSHOP Note on the Relation of the I.R.I. to Chairman: Professor Goetz Briefs, Technische the Congress. Hochschule, Berlin. Starting point of discus- son—the Industrial Employment Code in proc- The I. R. I., which was organized at ess of formulation by a committee of the Tay- a congress in Holland in 1925, has for lor Society, New York. Discussion opened by its purpose the "study and promotion of Morris L. Cooke, consulting engineer ; formerly satisfactory human relations and condi- Director of Public Works of the City of Phila- delphia, U. S. A. tions in industry." It defines industrial Thursday, August 27. Morning. relations as the purposes, procedures NECESSITY AND MEANS FOR INTERNATIONAL and attitudes of individuals and groups PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN 13 whose functioning together constitutes mechanization and the advance of tech- industry and trade. These relations are nological invention. In a world of en- satisfactory when they permit all groups larged economic resources, employment concerned in economic life to function is insecure and standards of living have effectively toward a socially desirable not been raised or maintained in pro- end. Maladjustment between productive portion to the increase in production. capacity and buying power as a cause, Maladjustment exists between economic and unemployment and insecure stand- capacity and buying power. ards of living as results, are therefore In the present stage of economic life within the immediate scope of interest the task of achieving balance seems to of the I. R. I., for they are problems of demand international economic coopera- industrial relations and they condition tion. Development of means of trans- human welfare. port and communication is day by day The membership of the I. R. I. is rep- establishing unity as the coming stage resentative of all grades of manage- of economic evolution. The process is ment, of labor, of economists and social not yet complete. Some regions of the scientists, of engineers and of educators world remain largely self-sufficient. in 29 nations. They speak as individ- Others are more closely interdependent. uals having different points of view and But interdependence is rapidly taking experience, but not as spokesmen for the place of self-sufficiency. This con- their groups. The Association's method stitutes the factual aspect of the subject. is to organize conferences and study- Nations and industries, however, are groups in order to arrive at a synthesis not fully conscious of this actual growth of facts, ideas and experience which its toward unity, and their policies are still inclusive membership makes possible. largely shaped toward self-sufficiency The freedom of its forum permits also as an objective, often to the detriment the discussion of controversial questions of human welfare, which can be assured which divide groups in their official re- only if economic and political policies lations, and hence require such an op- are based upon the realities of economic portunity for frank interchange between development. To increase the number individuals from these groups. of persons who are aware of this The magnitude of the problem, how- economic interdependence and deter- ever, is too great to be compassed by mined so to act in accordance with it one association or in a single congress. as to meet human needs more adequately For this reason the I. R. I. looks upon in all nations, is an aspiration which is the congress as an open forum in which at once ethical and realistic. individuals outside its membership will Economics and the social sciences have the same status as its own mem- and scientific management have infor- bers, the task of the I. R. I. being to mation to bring to bear upon the prob- plan the program and organize. the lem of planned adjustment, and the meetings. Plans will be discussed for growth of economic interdependence continued work on the problem, in gives the opportunity to apply this which many institutions and individ- knowledge. Planned adjustment is a uals will be needed. cooperative task, and the rapid growth Call for the Congress of interdependence which is making all Unemployment today is widespread nations suffer together is at the same time the occasion for all nations and all throughout the world. Markets are re- stricted by lack of purchasing power. groups to act together toward a solu- Yet productive capacity has been en- tion. If one group imposes its limited hanced at an increasingly rapid rate by interest upon another, if output be un- 14 PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN reasonably restricted by labor, if prices integration must precede political co- be held artificially high by monopolistic operation." Conversely, the test of business, or if they be forced too low by political wisdom seems to lie in the con- destructive competition, if governments tribution which a nation makes to better limit the contribution of their national adjustment of the world's economic life. areas to the world's economic life, bal- Awareness of economic unity would ance is disturbed for all. Ori the other make war impossible and peace a reality. hand, if all can act in the light of com- The I. R. I. invites to participate in mon knowledge and toward a common this congress not only its own members, purpose, a synthesis of fact and aspira- but likewise all who, either from study tion may be formulated as a new lead or experience, have a contribution to in international economic policy. make or who seek to share in a growing No attempt is made in the congress awareness of the unity of economic life. program to insure presentation of the It offers its platform to leaders of busi- problems of many nations. National ness and labor, economists, management experience is emphasized only as illus- engineers and representatives of gov- trative of a special phase of economic ernmental activities to seek for a sound adjustment or maladjustment. The em- basis of cooperative, constructive effort phasis in reports on the experience of toward a planned development of pro- any one country is upon its potential ductive capacity and standards of liv- contribution to economic cooperation ing. with other countries. The point of view Charges : Registration Fee : For I. R. of the congress is best expressed by I. members, 10.10.0 ($2.50). For non- the word "world" rather than by the members, £1.0.0 ($5.00). Payable to the word "international." It is believed that Secretariat, 66 Javastraat, The Hague, a clearview of the present realities of Holland, in advance and non-returnable. world economic unity would afford a Congress Fee : (in addition to Registra- basis for national policy directed to- tion Fee and including a free copy of the ward international economic coopera- Report of the Congress Proceedings) : tion, and it seems to be a sound pro- 11.10.0 ($7.50). Payable to the Secre- cedure to discuss economic facts rather tariat in advance or on arrival at Amster- than the political policies of different dam. Returnable in case of inability to nations. The world's experience today Attend. After June 1st these amounts points to the conclusion that "economic will be raised 50 per cent. Third Congress of the Pan-American Medical . Association (From the 26th to the 31st July, 1931. Mexico City, Mexico.) The Organization Committee of the of Mexico from the 26th to the 31st of Third Congress of the Pan-American July, 1931, under the auspices of the Medical Association has made a cordial Government of the Republic of Mexico. invitation to those who are interested in This medical conference meets for the medical interchange among English, purpose of maintaining and promoting Spanish, French and Portuguese-speaking a more intimate understanding between doctors of Pan-America for our next the medical men of the New World, and meeting, which will be held at the City with the efforts of many prominent PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN 15 North and Latin-American physicians ; pedic Surgery ; Genito-Urinary Surgery ; great success has been accomplished in Obstetrics and Gynecology. the past meetings. The Congress Committee in view of Mexico, though so close to home and the number and subject of the papers re- filled to bursting with the things we like ceived, may increase or reduce the num- to see and to enjoy—beauty, history, ber of sections. gaiety, novelty, hospitality—is too little The papers submitted to the Congress known by Americans. There is much in must be unpublished and original and Mexico that fulfills every wish of those must deal with subjects related to the who travel for pleasure and diversion medical profession. but also for those interested in educa- Subscriptions for membership and pa- tional, public health and scientific insti- pers submitted must be in the hands of tutions. the Secretary General before the 15th Constitution and By-Laws of the Pan- of July, and notice of the titles of the American Medical Association. Article papers, before the 1st July. 2.—Object of the Association: Section Papers of two kinds will be accept- 1.—The object of this organization shall able: short papers in the nature of a re- be : To promote more intimate relations port and memoirs. A limit of fifteen among physicians and surgeons of the minutes shall be allowed for the reading Western Hemisphere ; to develop friend- of short papers. Memoirs are not limited ship and to advance medical knowledge in extent, but will have to be accom- such as the possibility of an interchange panied by an abstract with the same re- of doctors for the purpose of presenting quirements of short papers, which will medical courses and holding meetings in be read. different countries ; the exchange of med- Memoirs will be published on approval ical literature and of the dissemination of of the members of the section. information regarding scientific investi- All papers submitted must be written gations and to create an international in English, Spanish, French or Portu- lending library ; to develop an inter- guese, which are the official languages of American medical literature by means of the Congress. A summary of not more official publications. than 300 words is to be added to each The Congress will be divided into the paper. The summary to be translated following sections: into Spanish if the paper is written in First: International Medical Relations. English. Second: General Medicine ; Tropical Further inf ormation can be obtained Medicine and Hygiene ; Pediatrics ; Der- from Dr. Francisco de P. Miranda, Ex- matology ; Neurology and Psychiatry. ecutive Secretary of the Organization Third : General Surgery; Ophthalmol- Committee, Departamento de Salubridad ogy ; Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat ; Ortho- Publica, Mexico City, Mexico. spa The Press Congress of the World "The Press Congress of the World will hold Mexico City, are most interesting places to a regional meeting in Mexico City, Mexico, visit. The climate in August is cool and next August 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14. otherwise delightful. Aside from the sessions The program will include discussions of the of the congress, entertainment features are most important problems now confronting edi- being planned by the Mexican government and tors and publishers. All sessions will be open large newspapers that will undoubtedly prove both pleasant and profitable." to newspapermen. The Republic of Mexico, and its capital, The Press Congress of the World was 16 PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN organized at the Pan-Pacific Interna- A World Press Council, of which the tional Exposition in San Francisco in Honorary President shall be chairman, July, 1915. The next sessions were held shall be constituted by the Executive in Honolulu in October, 1921, followed Committee. This council, not to exceed by sessions in Geneva and. Lausanne, fifty in number, is to give advice and aid Switzerland, in September, 1926. the Congress and its committees in mat- The Press Congress will next meet in ters of policy, organization and activities. regional session at Mexico City, the Re-. Vacancies shall be filled by the Executive public of Mexico, August 10, 11, 12, 13 Committee. and 14, 1931. Omar D. Gray, The Article V—Meetings. The times and Leader, Sturgeon, Missouri, U. S. A., places of meetings shall be determined by has been named Field Secretary ; Frank the Executive Committee. L. Martin, Associate Dean of the School Article VI—Amendments. This Con- of Journalism, University of Missouri, stitution may be amended at any meeting Columbia, Missouri, U. S. A., Conven- under provisions to be established by the tion Chairman ; E. H. McReynolds, As- Executive Committee. sistant to the President of the Missouri Pacific Railway Company, Director of The Executive Committee Transportation. The Honorary President: Dr. Walter Wil- liams, President of the University of Missouri, Constitution of the Press Congress Columbia, Missouri, U.S.A. of the World The President : Mr. Robert Bell, Lyttelton Article I—Name. This organization Times, Christchurch, New Zealand. The Secretary-Treasurer : Mr. Wallace shall be known as the Press Congress of Odell, Tarrytown News, Tarrytown, New the World. York, U.S.A. Article II—Object. Its object shall be James Wright Brown, Editor and Publisher, to advance by conference, discussion and New York City, U.S.A. V. R. Beteta, Guate- mala, Central America. Colonel E. F. Lawson, united effort, the cause of journalism in The Telegraph, London, England. Motosado every honorable way. The sessions of Zumoto, The Herald of Asia, Japan. Jorge the Congress are to be open to the con- Mitre, La Nacion, Buenos Aires, Argentina. sideration of all questions directly affect- Chairman of Convention: Frank L. Martin, Associate Dean of the School of Journalism of ing the press, but discussions of religion, the University of Missouri, Columbia, Mis- politics and governmental policies will souri, U.S.A. not be permitted. Field Secretary : Omar D. Gray, Columbia, Missouri, U.S.A. Article III—Membership. Workers in E. H. McReynolds, Director of Transporta- every department of journalism, in every tion, Missouri Pacific Lines, St. Louis, Mo. country, who are engaged in promoting The countries represented by Vice- the highest standards and largest welfare Presidents are Argentina, Australia, Bel- of the press, are eligible to membership. gium, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Article IV—Officers. The officers, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Den- who shall be elected at each session of the mark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Congress, shall be : An Honorary Presi- France, Great Britain, Greece, Guate- dent ; a President ; two Vice-Presidents mala, Holland, Honduras, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Mexico, New Zea- from each country holding membership ; land, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Para- a Secretary-Treasurer ; an Executive guay, Peru, Philippine Islands, Porto Committee consisting of : the Honorary Rico, Salvador, South Africa, Spain, President, the President and Secretary- Switzerland, Turkey, United States of Treasurer, and six additional members. America, Uruguay, Venezuela. ADVERTISING SECTION 1 THE MID-PACI F IC The town of Papeete, the capital of Tahiti, faces the Pacific and has a background of mountains. BEATRICE GRIMSHAW ON TAHITI Nowhere in all the great South Seas food than can be used. And above every- is anything to be found more lovely, more thing else, it possesses in itself a glamour, fascinating, more full of subtle lingering an atmosphere of romance, that only charm than exquisite Tahiti. Whatever Keats could fairly have reproduced. any other island has, it has. Its moun- Pierre Loti, in "Le Mariage de Loti," has tains, nearly 8,000 feet in height, are as tried, and succeeded but moderately. Rob- beautiful and grand as the best of the ert Louis Stevenson tried, and failed alto- thousand volcanic peaks that dot the blue gether. Other writers haye made the at- Pacific. Its lakes and rivers are fuller and tempt, with no better success. The magic clearer than those of any other island. Its of Tahiti is not to be caught with the women are admittedly the most beautiful point of a pen, or secured by a camera in the South Seas. Its soil is so rich that lens. It must be felt to be understood. nature produces greater abundance of —From "The Islands of the Blest." Tahiti is on the route of the Union Australasian line running from Van- Royal Mail Line between Sydney, Well- couver to Honolulu, makes a unique ington (N. Z.), Rarotonga (C o o k round tour of the Pacific. Theo. H. Islands), Tahiti, and San Francisco. This Davies & Co. are the Honolulu agents of trip, combined with one by the Canadian- the lines. ADVT. 2 THE MID-PACIFIC The Roval Hawaiian and the illoana Hotels at Waikiki The Territorial Hotel Company, Ltd., those who go to the city in the morn- own and operate the Royal Hawaiian ing and to the beach or golfing in the Hotel, Moana Hotel, Seaside Hotel and afternoon. The grounds are spacious Bungalows, and the Waialae Golf Club. and the rates reasonable. This hotel has The Royal Hawaiian has been voted the been under the same management for a world's finest hotel by ten World Cruise score of years, which speaks for itself. Steamers. Rates upon application. Cable Both transient tourists and permanent address Royalhotel. guests are welcomed. At Child's Blaisdell Hotel and Restau- rant, at Fort Street and Chaplain Lane, Child's Hotels and Apartment Service accommodations are masters at getting you settled in real homelike style. If you wish to live in town, there is the Child's Blaisdell Hotel in the very heart of the city, with the palm garden restaurant where everything is served from a sand- Famous Hau Tree Lanai wich to an elegant six-course dinner. If The Halekulani Hotel and Bunga- we haven't the accommodation you de- sire, we will help you to get located. lows, 2199 Kalia Road, "on the Beach at Waikiki." Includes Jack London's Lanai The City Transfer Company, at Pier 11, and House Without a Key. Rates from has its motor trucks meet all incoming $5.00 per day to $140.00 per month and steamers and it gathers baggage from up. American plan. Clifford Kimball, every part of the city for delivery to owner and manager. the outgoing steamers. This company Vida Villa Hotel and cottages are on receives, and puts in storage until needed, the King street car line above Thomas excess baggage of visitors to Honolulu Square. This is the ideal location for and finds many ways to serve its patrons. ADVT. THE MID-PACIFIC 3 OAHU RAILWAY AND LAND COMPANY Leaving Honolulu daily at 9 :15 A. M. given you three hours for luncheon and our modern gasoline motor cars take sightseeing at this most beautiful spot. you on a beautiful trip around the lee- You arrive at Honolulu at 5 :27 P. M. ward side of Oahu to Haleiwa. The train leaves Haleiwa, returning to No single trip could offer more, and Honolulu at 2 :52 P. M., after having the round trip fare is only $2.45. SEE OAHU BY RAIL Lewers and Cooke, Ltd., I¢vilei Yard Lewers & Cooke, Limited, have, since They are also agents for many build- 1852, been headquarters for all varieties ing specialties, Celotex, Colormix, Bish- of building material, lumber, hollow tile, opric Stucco, corrugated Zinc, Los cement, brick, hardwoods, oak flooring; Angeles Pressed Brick Company prod- as well as tools of the leading manu- ucts and architectural Terra Cotta, facturers, wall papers, Armstrong lino- leums, domestic and oriental rugs, and David Lupton Sons Company, Steel the superior paints made by W. P. Fuller Windows, the Kawneer Company line, & Co. and prepared roofings and roofing tile. ADVT. 4 THE MID-PACIFIC THE WORLD'S MOST DELICIOUS PINEAPPLE Canned Hawaiian Pineapple is con- cooking. It is identical with the sliced sidered by epicures to possess the finest in quality and is canned by the same flavor in the world. Because of exceed- careful sanitary methods. ingly favorable conditions in soil and Many tasty recipes for serving Ha- climate, and remarkable facilities for waiian Pineapple in delicious desserts, canning immediately the sun-ripened salads and refreshing drinks are sug- fruit, the Hawaiian product has attained gested in a recipe book obtainable with- a superiority enjoyed by no other canned out cost at the Association of Hawaiian fruit. Pineapple Canners, P. 0. Box 3166, Crushed Hawaiian Pineapple is meet- Honolulu. Readers are urged to write, ing favor because of its convenience in asking for this free book. FERTILIZING THE SOIL Millions of dollars are spent in Hawaii fertilizing the cane and pineapple fields. The Pacific Guano and Fertilizer Com- pany, with large works and warehouses in Honolulu, imports from every part of the Globe the many ship loads of ammonia, nitrates, potash, sulphur and guano that go to make the special fertilizers needed for the varied soils and conditions of the isl- ands. Its chemists test the soils and then give the recipe for the particular blend of fertilizer that is needed. This great industry is one of the results of successful sugar planting in Hawaii, and without fertilizing, sugar growing in the Hawaiian Islands could not be successful. This company began operations in Mid- way Islands years ago, finally exhausting its guano beds, but securing others. ADVT. THE MID-PACIFIC 5 MODERN BANKING IN HONOLULU itr,:t nor 6n------1;I III w S. M. DAMON BLDG., HOME OF BISHOP FIRST NATIONAL BANK The S. M. Damon Building pictured above is occupied by the Bishop First National Bank of Honolulu, successor to The Bank of Bishop & Co., Ltd., (established 1858,) The First National Bank of Hawaii at Honolulu (established 1900,) the First American Savings Bank, and the Army National Bank of Scho- field Barracks, which were consolidated on July 8, 1929. "Old Bishop," as the bank is still called, is one of the oldest west of the Rocky Mountains, and has capital funds in excess of $5,500,000, and deposits in excess of $30,000,000. Mr. A. W. T. Bottomley is chairman of the Board, and President. The Bank of Hawaii, Limited, incor- to its other banking facilities. Its home porated in 1897, has reflected the solid, business office is at the corner of Bishop substantial growth of the islands since and King streets, and it maintains the period of annexation to the United branches on the islands of Hawaii, States. Over this period its resources have grown to be the largest of any Kauai, and Oahu, enabling it to give to financial institution in the islands. In the public an extremely efficient Banking 1899 a savings department was added Service. ADVT. 6 THE MID-PACIFIC • int Sy* V.4 -11111 re ir!trr 1,i 4 k. 7 4' 4 .11 7 ,71 ,IE SF Pr -100 T- V+ The Home Building in Honolulu of the American Factors, Ltd., Plantation Agents and Wholesale Merchants Tasseled sugar cane almost ready for the cutting and crushing at the mills. ADVT. THE MID-PACIFIC 7 Home of Alexander E Baldwin, Ltd. Anyone who has ever visited the Ha- Ltd.; Baldwin Packers, Ltd. ; The Mat- waiian Islands can testify to the useful- son Navigation Co. at Port Allen, Ka- ness of the "A & B Steamer Calendars" hului, Seattle and Portland ; and the fol- which are to be seen on the walls of prac- lowing-named and well-known insurance tically every office and home in Hawaii. companies : Union Insurance Society of The issuing of and the free distribution Canton, Ltd. ; The Home Insurance of these calendars is a distinct public Company, New York ; Springfield Fire service rendered for some 3o years by & Marine Insurance Co. ; New Zealand Alexander & Baldwin, Ltd., who are Insurance Company, Limited ; The Com- staunch supporters of all movements monwealth Insurance Company ; Newark that work for the good of Hawaii. Fire Insurance Company ; American Al- The beautiful new office building pic- liance Insurance Association ; Queensland tured above was erected recently as a Insurance Co., Ltd. ; Globe Indemnity monument to the memory of H. P. Bald- Company of New York ; Switzerland win and S. Alexander, the founders of the General Insurance Co., Ltd. ; St. Paul firm and pioneers in the sugar business. Fire and Marine Ins. Co. Alexander & Baldwin, Ltd., are agents The officers of Alexander & Baldwin, for some of the largest sugar plantations Ltd., are : W. M. Alexander, Chairman on the Islands ; namely, Hawaiian Com- Board of Directors ; J. Waterhouse, mercial & Sugar Co., Ltd. ; Hawaiian President ; H. A. Baldwin, Vice-Presi- Sugar Co.; Kahuku Plantation Company ; dent ; C. R. Hemenway, Vice-President ; Maui Agricultural Company, Ltd.; Mc- J. P. Cooke, Treasurer ; D. L. Oleson, Bryde Sugar Company, Ltd.; Laie Plan- Secretary ; J. F. Morgan, Asst. Treas- tation ; and also Kauai Pineapple Co., urer ; J. W. Speyer, Asst. Treasurer. ADVT. 8 THE MID-PACIFIC CASTLE & COOKE BUMENOK IVALOLO BERLIN °K MANHATTAN Wherever you travel . . . whichever route you prefer Castle & Cooke's Travel Bureau will arrange your reserva- tions or accommodations and relieve you of all annoying detail. Information, rates, or suggestions are offered with- out obligation and you are invited to use the travel files and service of the bureau. Castle & Cooke Travel Bureau, Merchant St., at Bishop. Branches in Royal Hawaiian and Moana Hotels. C. Brewer and Company, Limited, Honolulu, with a capital stock of $8,000,000, was established in 1826. It represents the following Sugar Plantations: Olowalu Company, Hilo Sugar Company, Onomea Sugar Company, Honomu Sugar Company, Wailuku Sugar Company, Pepeekeo Sugar Company, Waimanalo Sugar Company, Hakalau Plantation Company, Honolulu Plantation Company, fiawaiian Agricultural Company, Kilauea Sugar Plantation Company, Paauhau Sugar Plantation Company, Hutchinson Sugar Plantation Company, as well as the Baldwin Locomotive Works, Kapapala Ranch, and all kinds of insurance. ADVT. THE MID-PACIFIC 9 The Honolulu Construction & Draying Co., Ltd., Bishop and Halekauwila Sts., Phone 4981, dealers in crushed stone, cement, cement pipe, brick, stone tile, and explosives, have the largest and best equipped draying and storage company in the Islands, and are prepared to handle anything from the smallest package to pieces weighing up to forty tons. The Waterhouse Co., Ltd., in the terred in your own plot on the mainland, Alexander Young Building, on Bishop Williams will embalm you ; or he will ar- street, make office equipment their spe- range all details for interment in Hono- cialty, being the sole distributor for the lulu. Don't leave the Paradise of the National Cash Register Co., the Bur- Pacific for any other, but if you must, let roughs Adding Machine, the Art Metal your friends talk it over with Williams. Construction Co., the York Safe and Lock Company and the Underwood Bergstrom Music Company, the lead- Typewriter Co. They carry in stock ing music store in Hawaii, is located at all kinds of steel desks and other equip- 1140 Fort Street. No home is complete ment for the office, so that one might in Honolulu without an ukulele, a piano at a day's notice furnish his office, safe and a Victor talking machine. The against fire and all kinds of insects. Bergstrom Music Company, with its big store on Fort Street, will provide you Honolulu is so healthy that people with these ; a WEBER or a Steck piano. don't usually die there, but when they do for your mansion, or a tiny upright they phone in advance to Henry H. Wil- Boudoir for your cottage ; and if you liams, 1374 Nuuanu St., phone number are a transient it will rent you a piano. 1408, and he arranges the after-details. The Bergstrom Music Company, Phone If you are a tourist and wish to be in- 2294. ADVT. 10 THE MID-PACIFIC Honolulu as Advertised The Liberty House, Hawaii's pioneer dry goods store, established in 185o; it has grown apace with the times until today it is an institution of service rivaling the most progressive mainland establishments in the matter of its merchandising policies and business efficiency. The Mellen Associates, Successors to The Honolulu Dairymen's Associa- The Charles R. Frazier Company, old- tion supplies the pure milk used for est and most important advertising children and adults in Honolulu. It agency in the Pacific field, provide Ho- also supplies the city with ice cream nolulu and the entire Territory of Ha- waii with an advertising and publicity for desserts. Its main office is in the service of a very high order. The or- Purity Inn at Beretania and Keeaumoku ganization, under the personal direction streets. The milk of the Honolulu of George Mellen, maintains a staff of Dairymen's Association is pure, it is writers and artists of experience and rich, and it is pasteurized. The Asso- exceptional ability, and departments for ciation has had the experience of more handling all routine work connected than a generation, and it has called with placing of advertising locally, na- upon science in perfecting its plant and tionally or internationally. The organi- its methods of handling milk and de- zation is distinguished especially for livering it in sealed bottles to its cus- originality in the creation and presenta- tomers. tion of merchandising ideas. The Honolulu Star-Bulletin, 125 Stevedoring in Honolulu is attended Merchant Street, prints in its job depart- to by the firm of ment the Mid-Pacific Magazine, and that McCabe, Hamilton and speaks for itself. The Honolulu Star- Renny Co., Ltd., 20 South Queen Street. Bulletin, Ltd., conducts a complete com- Men of almost every Pacific race are mercial printing plant, where all the de- employed by this firm, and the men of tails of printing manufacture are per- each race seem fitted for some particular formed. It issues Hawaii's leading even- part of the work, so that quick and effi- ing newspaper and publishes many elab- cient is the loading and unloading of orate editions of books. vessels in Honolulu. ADVT. THE MID-PACIFIC 11 On Hawaii and Maui Twice a week the Inter-Island Steam The First Trust Company of Hilo oc- Navigation Company dispatches its pala- cupies the modern up-to-date building tial steamers, "Waialeale" and "Hualalai," adjoining the Bank of Hawaii on Keawe to Hilo, leaving Honolulu at 4 P.M. on Street. This is Hilo's financial institu- Tuesdays and Fridays, arriving at Hilo tion. It acts as trustees, executors, audit- ors, realty dealers, guardians, account- at 8 A.M. the next morning. From Hono- ants, administrators, insurance agents , lulu, the Inter-Island Company dispatches and as your stock and bond brokers.. almost daily excellent passenger vessels You will need the services of the First to the island of Maui and twice a week to Trust Company in Hilo whether you are the island of Kauai. There is no finer a visitor, or whether you are to erect cruise in all the world than a visit to all a home or a business block. of the Hawaiian Islands on the steamers Hawaii Consolidated Railway, Ltd., of the Inter-Island Steam Navigation Hilo, Hawaii, the Scenic Railway of Company. The head offices in Honolulu Hawaii, one of the most spectacular are on Fort at Merchant Street, where trips in the world, thirty-four miles, every information is available, or books costing nearly $4,000,000; it crosses 10, on the different islands are sent on re- sugar plantations, 150 streams, 44 quest. Tours of all the islands are ar- bridges, 14 of which are steel from 98, ranged. to 230 feet high and from 400 to 1,006. feet long, and many precipitous gorges Connected with the Inter-Island Steam lined with tropical trees, and with wa- Navigation Company is the world-famous terfalls galore ; sugar cane fields, vil Volcano House overlooking the everlast- lages, hundreds of breadfruit and co- ing house of fire, as the crater of Hale- conut trees and palms along the way,, maumau is justly named. A night's ride and miles of precipices. W. H. Huss- from Honolulu and an hour by auto- man, general freight and passenger mobile, and you are at the Volcano agent. House in the Hawaii National Park on with the Island of Hawaii, the only truly his- The Haleakala Ranch Company, head offices at Makawao, on the Island toric caravansary of the Hawaiian Islands. of Maui, is as its name indicates, a, There are other excellent hotels on the cattle ranch on the slopes of the great Island of Hawaii, the largest of the mountain of Haleakala, rising 10,000 group, including the recently constructed feet above the sea. This ranch breeds Kona Inn, located at Kailua on the Kona pure Hereford cattle and is looking to a future when it will supply fine bred Coast—the most primitive and historic cattle to the markets and breeders in district in Hawaii. Hawaii. Building on the Island of Hawaii.— which is conducted The Hawaiian Contracting Company The Paia Store, maintains working offices at the great by the Maui Agricultural Co., Ltd., is Hilo pier, where all steamers discharge managed by Fred P. Rosecrans. This_ their freight for Hilo and the big island. is one of the very big plantation de- This concern, with branches throughout partment stores in Hawaii. Every con- the Territory, has for its aim building ceivable need of the housekeeper or for permanency. It contracts for build- homemaker is kept in stock. The store- ings and highway construction, having a covers an area of more than a city block in a metropolitan city, and is the. corps of construction experts at its com- mand. In Hilo, Frank H. West is in department store adapted to the needs, of modern sugar plantation life. charge of the company's affairs. ADVT. 12 THE MID-PACIFIC Business in Honolulu service embracing the following : Trusts, Wills, Real Estate, Property Manage- ment, Home Rental Service, Stocks and Bonds and the Largest Safe Deposit Vaults in Hawaii. The Pacific Engineering Company, Ltd., construction engineers and general contractors, is splendidly equipped to handle all types of building construc- tion, and execute building projects in minimum time and to the utmost satis- faction of the owner. The main offices are in the Yokohama Specie Bank Building, with its mill and factory at South Street. Many of the leading busi- Youngsters on Surfboards at Waikiki. ness buildings in Honolulu have been constructed under the direction of the The International Trust Company, Pacific Engineering Company. with offices on Smith street, is, as its name indicates, a really Pan-Pacific Wright, Harvey & Wright, engineers financial organization, with leading in the Damon Building, have a branch American and Oriental business men office and blue print shop at 855 Kaahu- conducting its affairs. Its capital stock mann Street. This firm does a general is $200,000 with resources of over surveying and engineering business, and $500,000. It i, the general agent for has information pertaining to practical- the John hancock Mutual Life Insur- ly all lands in the group, as this firm ance Company of Boston, and other in- has done an immense amount of work surance companies. throughout the islands. The blue print department turns out more than fifty per cent of the blueprinting done in Honolulu. The von Hamm-Young Co., Ltd., Im- porters, Machinery Merchants, and lead- ing automobile dealers, have their offices and store in the Alexander Young Building, at the corner of King and Bishop streets, and their magnificent automobile salesroom and garage just in the rear, facing on Alakea Street. Here one may find almost anything. Phone No. 6141. Interior View of Bishop Trust Co. The Chrysler Four and Six-Cylinder The Bishop Trust Co., Limited, larg- Cars, the culmination of all past ex- est Trust Company in Hawaii, is located periences in building automobiles, at the corner of is Bishop and King Streets. represented in Hawaii by the Honolulu It offers Honolulu residents as well as Motors, Ltd., 850 S. Beretania street. mainland visitors the most complete The prices of Four-Cylinder Cars range trust service obtainable in the islands from $1200 to $1445 and those of the today. The Company owns the Guardian Six from $1745 to $2500. The Chryslers Trust Co., Pacific Trust, Waterhouse are meeting with remarkable sales rec- Trust, and the Bishop Insurance Agency, ords as a distinct departure in motor and is thus able to offer an all-inclusive cars. ADVT. THE MID -PACIFIC 13 The Hawaiian Electric Co., Ltd., with There is one East Indian Store in Ho- a power station generating capacity of nolulu, and it has grown to occupy spa- 32,000 K.W., furnishes lighting and cious quarters on Fort Street, No. 1017 power service to Honolulu and to the Fort, Phone No. 2571. This is the head- entire island of Oahu. It also maintains quarters for Oriental and East Indian its cold storage and ice-making plant, curios as well as of Philippine embroid- supplying the city with ice for home eries, home-made laces, Manila hats, consumption. The firm acts as electrical Oriental silks, pongees, carved ivories contractors, cold storage, warehousemen and Indian brass ware. An hour may and deals in all kinds of electrical sup- well be spent in this East Indian Bazaar plies, completely wiring and equipping examining the art wares of Oriental buildings and private residences. Its beauty. splendid new offices facing the civic center are now completed and form one The Royal Hawaiian Sales Co., of the architectural ornaments to the city. with agencies in Honolulu, Hilo and Wailuku, has its spacious headquarters Bailey's Groceteria is the big success on Hotel and Alakea streets, Honolulu. of recent years in Honolulu business. This Company is Territorial Distributors The parent store at the corner of Queen for Star and Auburn passenger cars. and Richards Streets has added both a They are Territorial Distributors also meat market and a bakery, while the for International Motor Trucks, Delco- newly constructed branch building at Remy service and Goodyear Tires. Beretania and Piikoi is equally well equipped and supplied, s o that the The Universal Motor Co., Ltd., with housekeeper can select all that is needed spacious new buildings at 444 S. Bere- in the home, or, in fact, phone her tania street, Phone 2397, is agent for order to either house. the Ford car. All spare parts are kept in stock and statements of cost of re- The Rycroft Arctic Soda Company, pairs and replacements are given in ad- on Sheridan Street, furnishes the high vance so that you know just what the grade soft drinks for Honolulu and amount will be. The Ford is in a class Hawaii. It manufactures the highest by itself. The most economical and grade ginger ale—Hawaiian Dry—from least expensive motor car in the world. the fresh roots of the native ginger. It uses clear water from its own artesian well, makes its carbonated gas from Hawaiian pineapples at the most up-to- date soda works in the Territory of Hawaii. A monument to the pluck and energy of Mr. C. K. Ai and his associates is the City Mill Company, of which he is treasurer and manager. This plant at Queen and Kekaulike streets is one of Honolulu's leading enterprises, doing a flourishing lumber and mill business. ADVT. 14 THE MID-PACIFIC Wonderful New Zealand Scenically New Zealand is the world's wonderland. There is no other place in the world that offers such an aggrega- tion of stupendous scenic wonders. The West Coast Sounds of New Zealand are in every way more magnificent and awe- inspiring than are the fjords of Norway. New Zealand was the first country to perfect the government tourist bureau. She has built hotels and rest houses throughout the Dominion for the bene- fit of the tourist. New Zealand is splen- didly served by the Government Rail- ways, which sell the tourist for a very low rate, a ticket that entitles him to travel on any of the railways for from one to two months. Direct information may be secured by writing to the New Zealand Department of Tourist and Health Resorts, Wellington, New Zealand. A Maori Mother and Child SOUTH MANCHURIA RAILWAY COMPANY South Manchuria Railway Company Cheap Overland Tours Travellers and Tourists journeying Modern Hotels under the South Man- between Tokyo and Peking should churia Hotel Company's management are travel via the South Manchuria Rail- established on foreign lines at Mukden, way, which runs from Antung to Muk- den and passes through magnificent Changchun, Port Arthur, Dairen and scenery. At Mukden the line connects Hoshigaura (Star Beach). with the Peking Mukden Line and the Illustrated booklets and all informa- Main line of the South Manchuria Rail- way, running from Dairen to Chang- tion post free on request from the South chun, where connection is made with Manchuria Railway Company. the Chinese Eastern Railway for Har- bin. DAIREN The ordinary daily trains have sleep- Branch Offices : Tokyo, Osaka, Shi- ing accommodation. Steamer connec- monoseki, Shanghai, Peking, Harbin tions between Dairen, Tsingtao and and New York. Shanghai by the Dairen Kisen Kaisha's excellent passenger and mail steamers. Cable Address : "MANTETSU" or Wireless telegraphy and qualified doc- "SMRCO." CODES : A.B.C. 5th, 6th tors on board. Ed., Al., Lieber's, Bentley's and Acme. ADVT. THE MID- PACIFIC 15 The Los Angeles Steamship Company visitors are welcomed to the gardens at maintains a weekly palatial fast steam- all times. Adjoining these gardens are ship service between Honolulu and Los the wonderful Liliuokalani gardens and Angeles. Its steamers also visit Hilo, the series of waterfalls. Phone 5611. Hawaii, permitting a visit to the Vol- cano. This is the tourist line par excellence to Hawaii, and through tick- ets may be booked in any city of the Burgess & Johnson, Ltd., now occupy United States. Stopovers in Honolulu their new building at the corner of King by Australasian and Oriental travellers and Alakea Streets. Here are displayed may be made with rebookings from Ho- the machines for which they are agents, nolulu to Los Angeles by this line. —the New Hupmobile Century Eight, as well as the Marmon, both outstanding cars that are becoming better known and used in Hawaii. The Matson Navigation Company, the pride of Hawaii, maintains regular The firm still maintains its repair shop weekly ocean greyhound service be- on Beretania Street, but at the new loca- tween Honolulu and San Francisco. It tion on King and Alakea the new dis- has recently inaugurated a Honolulu, play rooms located at the very cross- Portland, Seattle fast steamer service roads of Honolulu's human traffic offer and is building new palatial greyhounds a tempting invitation to anyone to enter for its San Francisco, Honolulu, Aus- and examine the latest there is in auto tralasian passenger and freight service. cars. "Meet me at Benson-Smith's" has be- Honolulu Paper Company, Honolulu's come a password in Honolulu because at leading book and stationery store, is lo- that oldest of Hawaii's drug stores every one finds real service, accompanying re- cated on the ground floor of the Young liable drug store items. There are six of Hotel Building in the heart of Hono- these Better Benson-Smith stores for lulu's business district. The company your convenience. has a complete stock of all the latest fiction, travel, biography and books re- lating to Hawaii. It is also distributor Jeff's Fashion Company, Incorporated, at 223 South King St. is Hono- for Royal Typewriters, Adding Ma- lulu's leading establishment for women chines, Calculators and steel office fur- who set the pace in modern dress. At niture. "Jeff's" the fashions in woman's dress in Honolulu are set. Here the resident and tourist may outfit and be sure of acquiring the latest styles. "Jeff's" has The Office Supply Co., Ltd., at 110 its branch and a work shop in New Merchant Street, is, as its name denotes, the perfectly equipped store where every York City. kind of office furniture and supplies are on display. This is the home of the Remington typewriter and of typewriter Ishii's Gardens, Pan-Pacific Park, on repairing. Offices are completely out- Kuakini Street, near Nuuanu Avenue, fitted at quickest notice. The Company constitute one of the finest Japanese tea also maintains an up-to-date completely gardens imaginable. Here some wonder- stocked sporting goods department. ful Japanese dinners are served, and ADVT. 16 THE MID-PACIFIC The Outrigger Canoe Club at Waikiki is the only surfboard riding club in the world. It is open to monthly membership to tourists and visitors. Gray's By-the-Sea is the wonderfully The Sweet Shop is the name of the located seaside hotel at Waikiki where leading downtown popular-priced res- the very best sea bathing is right at the taurant, opposite the Young Hotel on door ; you put on your bathing suit in Hotel Street and adjoining the Central your own room. The rates are moderate, Y. M. C. A. On the street floor is the and in the main building all are outside main restaurant, soda and candy coun- rooms. There are a number of cottages ter, while downstairs is the cozy "Den," on the grounds. You should visit Gray's popular as a luncheon meeting-place for Beach first. American plan, excellent clubs and small groups that wish to cuisine. confer in quietude. The Pleasanton Hotel, at the corner of Dominis and Punahou Streets, was The Consolidated Amusement Com- the home of Jane Addams during the pany brings the latest drama films to Pan-Pacific Women's Conference. It in- Hawaii to provide evening entertain- vites the delegates to all the confer- ment. Its leading theatres are the New ences called by the Pan-Pacific Union to Princess on Fort Street and the palatial correspond. There are spacious cot- Hawaii Theatre nearer the business dis- tages on the grounds, tea roms and trict. Those and the outlying theatres wide grounds. The rates are reasonable, served by the Consolidated Amusement either American or European plan. The Company keep the people of Honolulu Pleasanton is a pleasant home while in and its visiting hosts entertained, Honolulu. matinee and evening. Phone for seats. ADVT. One of the buildings of the University of the Philippines in Manila.