[2141] A Tension Leg Platform (TLP) is an offshore floating platform which is used for oil and gas exploration. The Tension Leg Platform (TLP Platform) is so referred because of its structural dynamics. The offshore platform consists of steeled sinewy pillars that are tautened on purpose and supported with cable-lines to provide weightlessness to the floating operational platform structure above the surface of the water. One of the most extensively used type of oil platform, the oil platform design gains immense credibility primarily because of this structural singularity and secondly because of its high efficiency levels in comparatively deeper high seas operational areas.

[2142] The constructional configuration of the TLP platform can be categorized into three major components. The operational rectangular of the platform rising above the oceanic surface is quite akin to other types of high seas’ drilling and rig decks. Just below the operational platform are four pontoon-like pillars filled up with air that provide the necessary weightlessness to the above placed operating deck. These pontoon-like structures are regarded to be the mainframe torso of the entire tension leg platform.

[2143] Affixed to this torso are the aforementioned cable-lines that are appropriately tautened so as provide the necessary tenseness that would account for the weightlessness of the overall structure. Extending from the pontoons are the steeled sinews, founded deep into the oceanic depths. These steeled structures enable the provision of stability to the entirety of the offshore oil drilling platform on a more permanent basis, as compared to other existing offshore rig platforms.

[2144] The structural paradigm of this type of oil platform prevents disruptions to the drilling operations arising on account of instability of the structure’s foundation. Thus while the tension leg platform is subject to slight sideways motions at its surface because of the tidal motions, the continuity of the drilling operations are well-accounted for because of the stability of the structure at its constructional base.

[2145] These kinds of oil platforms are highly suitable in areas prone to regular volatility of the oceanic conditions. Examples of some of the high seas where TLP platforms are currently operated include the Gulf of Mexico and in certain parts of the North Sea.

[2146] Alongside being utilized for excavation of oil from their sub-water reservoirs, these platforms have also been recommended to be utilized for the purposes of installing wind turbines in the high seas. The TLP platforms provide a high costto-benefit ratio and their installing in the required oceanic zone is carried out part-by-part by assembling the various components of the platforms.

[2147] These ingenious drilling instrumentations have been in operational existence since the latter part of the 20th century. In the of the three decades since their pioneering, several advancements have been made to their initial engineering concept which had further catapulted the utility value of these engineering marvels while presenting the marine domain with yet another viable alternative to carry out the necessary maritime activities.

[2148] Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) Power Plant. When operational, the power plant will be able to generate up to at least 10 megawatts of energy, enough to sustain the energy requirements of a smaller metropolis. high seas were specifically chosen as a preferred location for the power plant. The warmness of the oceanic water in the tropics accounts for a greater degree of variation between the surface and sub-water temperatures which results in great enhanced work ability for the power plant. In addition to its comparatively higher energy generating capacity, the proposed OTEC power plant will also offer the following benefits: Consistent and round-the-clock production of energy without any stoppages or interruptions. Substantial reduction in the emanating of noxious gases. Substantial reduction in conventional fuel consumption costs.

[2149] The energy generated through the power plant can also be transferable to other areas like desalination of water resources and providing fuel to electricity-driven automobiles. The OTEC power plant nevertheless promises to bring in significant yields. The OTEC Power Plant: Operational System. 1). Consisting of turbine systems placed above the surface of the water, the OTEC power plant will primarily involve boiling a liquid by channelizing the warm surface waters of the ocean. 2). The liquid utilized will be one having a comparative lower boiling point so as to offset faster boiling. 3). The next step would involve an equally rapid cooling of the thus boiled liquid passed through pipes to the under-water turbine systems positioned underwater. 4). Energy would be generated by this constant process of the fluid being boiled and cooled.

[2150] The utilization of OTEC power plants has been considered as an alternative fuel generation system since the late 20th century wherein the cycle consists of cold sea seawater circulating through heat exchange evaporator motor for warm seawater and condenser motor of cold seawater providing the working fluid pumped through the turbine rotor which drives the coupled generator having a rotating magnetic field and matrix of coil wiring in several faces generating a pulsing electric current. the condenser.

[2151] Types of offshore rigs: 1.1 Barges. 1.2 Submersibles. 1.3 Platforms. 1.4 Jackups. 1.5 Floaters. 1.6 Semisubmersibles. 1.7 Drill .

[2152] Barges: A barge rig is designed to work in shallow water (less than 20 ft deep). The rig is floated to the drill site, and the lower is sunk to rest on the sea bottom. The large surface area of the lower hull keeps the rig from sinking into the soft mud and provides a stable drilling platform.

[2153] A submersible rig is a barge that is designed to work in deeper water (to 50 ft deep). It has extensions that allow it to raise its upper hull above the water level.

[2154] Platforms use a jacket (a steel tubular framework anchored to the ocean bottom) to support the surface production equipment, living quarters, and drilling rig (Figure 1). Multiple directional wells are drilled from the platform by using a rig with a movable substructure. The rig is positioned over preset wellheads by jacking across on skid beams. After all the wells are drilled, the rig and quarters are removed from the platform. Smaller platforms use a jackup rig to drill the wells. Jackups

[2155] Jackups are similar to platforms except that the support legs are not permanently attached to the seafloor (Figure 2). The weight of the rig is sufficient to keep it on location. The rig's legs can be jacked down to drill and jacked up to move to a new location. When under tow, a flotation hull buoys the jackup. The derrick is cantilevered over the rear to fit over preset risers if necessary.

[2156] Floaters: Offshore rigs that are not attached to or resting on the ocean bottom are called floaters. These rigs can drill in water depths deeper than jackups or platforms can. They have several special features to facilitate this: They are held on location by or dynamic positioning. The drill string and riser are isolated from wave motion by motion compensators. The wellheads and BOPs are on the ocean bottom and are connected to the rig by a riser to allow circulation of drilling mud. There are two categories of floaters: semisubmersibles and drill ships.

[2157] Semisubmersibles (also called semis) are usually anchored in place (Figure 3). Although a few semis are self- propelled, most require towing. Because floaters are subject to wave motion, their drilling apparatus is located in the center where wave motion is minimal. Semis are flooded to a drilling where the lower pontoons are below the active wave base, thereby stabilizing the motion.

[2158] Drill ships: The drilling apparatus on a drill is mounted in the center of the ship over a moon pool, which is a reinforced hole in the bottom of the ship through which the drill string is raised and lowered). The ship can be turned into the oncoming wind or currents for better stability, and it can operate in water too deep for anchors.

[2159] The inventions include Jackup vessel for offshore installation of wind turbines, consisting of self-elevating, selfpropelled jack-up vessels and crew transfer vessels. With a large open deck and wrap-around-the-leg cranes, our jack-up vessels Brave Tern and Bold Tern are among the most versatile and efficient installation vessels in the offshore wind industry. Specifically designed to withstand harsh offshore conditions and is capable of operating throughout the year in water depths of up to 65 meters deep or more. The vessels have 800-tonne wrap-around- the-leg offshore-rated cranes, designed by Gusto MSC, as well as robust, continuous-type hydraulic jacking systems. In addition, each vessel has a DP2-class type dynamic positioning system and is fitted with a Voith Schneider propulsion system enabling secure and accurate positioning capabilities. Brave Tern and Bold Tern feature high-quality accommodation for up to 80 people in 56 cabins, and have helidecks for transfers during offshore operations. Marine operations.

[2160] Specification regarding the Jackup vessel. Class: DNV +1A1 HSLC R2 Windfarm Service 1 Passengers: 12 (16) Crew: 2 Range: 775nm (max. 100nm from shore) Hull: Aluminium Length o.a.: 20.9m (excl fender) Beam: 7.0 m Max draught: 2.1m Bunker capacity: 8000 litres Fresh water capacity: 800 litres Deadweight: 20 t Total forward deck capacity: 51m2 Forward deck dimensions: 6x8.5m Soft impact fender system Danish flagged Propulsion: 2 x CPP

[2161] Cargo Handling Max cargo capacity on deck: 8t Deck strength: 2 t/m2 Reinforced loading area: 27 m2 Max lifting capacity: 3000kg Max lifting capacity at max outreach: [email protected]

[2162] Passenger Facilities. Comfortable passenger lounge with 12 seats. Sofa lounge and several flat screens for DVD n Wireless Internet access. PlayStation. Working desks with power outlet for all seats. Toilet/Shower. Changing room n Non-skid floor in all crew areas. Well equipped with coffee machine, instant hot water, refrigerator, washer and oven.

[2163] Main and Auxiliary Machinery Main engines: 2x749kW Bow thrusters: 2x32kW Auxiliary engines: 2x20kW Speed with 5tcargo: 25 knots Bunker consumption: 280 l/hrs. Navigation and Communication GMDSS: Area A1 + A2 V-Sat/WiFi Recordable CCTV.

[2164] A Jackup vessel crew is transported by smaller crew transfer vessels which can be made electric and self- sustainable by means of the inventions. The Bayard vessels have been designed to make journeys to the wind farm as comfortable as possible for passengers, followed by a safe transfer to the wind turbine. Comfort and safety are maximized thanks to the special hull, which can adjust its draft to limit the vessel’s movement, and a newly-designed low-impact fender system. The vessels have extensive deck space to cater for spare parts and tools, and can carry two 10-foot-long containers. They are classed by DNV, equipped with a VSAT system and can accurately deliver fuel to certified systems at 40 litres/min up to a height of 45m above deck.

[2165] A tugboat (also called a towboat or simply a tug) is a type of vessel that maneuvers other vessels by pushing or pulling them either by direct contact or by means of a tow line. Tugs typically move vessels that either are restricted in their ability to maneuver on their own, such as ships in a crowded harbor or a narrow canal, or those that cannot move by themselves, such as barges, disabled ships, log rafts, or oil platforms. Tugboats are powerful for their size and strongly built, and some are oceangoing. Some tugboats serve as icebreakers or salvage . Early tugboats had steam engines, but today most have diesel engines. Many tugboats have firefighting monitors, allowing them to assist in firefighting, especially in harbors. [0589] Seagoing tugs (deep-sea tugs or ocean tugboats) fall into four basic categories:

[2166] The standard seagoing tug with model bow that tows its "payload" on a hawser. The "notch tug" which can be secured in a notch at the of a specially designed barge, effectively making a combination ship. This configuration is dangerous to use with a barge which is "in ballast" (no cargo) or in a - or following sea. Therefore, "notch tugs" are usually built with a towing . With this configuration, the barge being pushed might approach the size of a small ship, with interaction of the water flow allowing a higher speed with a minimal increase in power required or fuel consumption. The "integral unit", or "integrated tug and barge" (ITB), comprises specially designed vessels that lock together in such a rigid and strong method as to be certified as such by authorities (classification societies) such as the American Bureau of Shipping, Lloyd's Register of Shipping, Indian Register of Shipping, Det Norske Veritas or several others. These units stay combined under virtually any sea conditions and the tugs usually have poor sea-keeping designs for navigation without their barges attached. Vessels in this category are legally considered to be ships rather than tugboats and barges must be staffed accordingly. These vessels must show navigation lights compliant with those required of ships rather than those required of tugboats and vessels under tow. Articulated tug and barge" (ATB) units also utilize mechanical means to connect to their barges. The tug slips into a notch in the stern and is attached by a hinged connection. ATBs generally utilize Intercon and Bludworth connecting systems. ATBs are generally staffed as a large tugboat, with between seven and nine crew members. The typical American ATB operating on the east coast customarily displays navigational lights of a towing vessel pushing ahead, as described in the 1972 ColRegs.

[2167] The Harbor Tugboat compared to seagoing tugboats, harbor tugboats are generally smaller and their width- to-length ratio is often higher, due to the need for a lower draught. In smaller harbors these are often also termed lunch bucket boats, because they are only manned when needed and only at a minimum (captain and deckhand), thus the crew will bring their own lunch with them. The number of tugboats in a harbor varies with the harbor infrastructure and the types of tugboats. Things to take into consideration include ships with/without bow thrusters and forces like wind, current and waves and types of ship (e.g. in some countries there is a requirement for certain numbers and sizes of tugboats for port operations with gas tankers

[2168] River tugs are also referred to as towboats or push boats. Their hull designs would make open ocean operation dangerous. River tugs usually do not have any significant hawser or winch. Their hulls feature a flat front or bow to line up with the rectangular stern of the barge, often with large pushing knees.

[2169] Tugboat engines typically produce 500 to 2,500 kW (~ 680 to 3,400 hp), but larger boats (used in deep waters) can have power ratings up to 20,000 kW (~ 27,200 hp). Tugboats usually have an extreme power: tonnage- ratio; normal cargo and passenger ships have a P:T-ratio (in kW:GRT) of 0.35 to 1.20, whereas large tugs typically are 2.20 to 4.50 and small harbortugs 4.0 to 9.5 The engines are often the same as those used in railroad locomotives, but typically drive the propeller mechanically instead of converting the engine output to power electric motors, as is common for diesel-electric locomotives. For safety, tugboats' engines often feature two of each critical part for redundancy. A tugboat is typically rated by its engine's power output and its overall bollard pull. The largest commercial harbor tugboats in the 2000s–2010s, used for towing container ships or similar, had around 60 to 65 short tons-force (530–580 kN) of bollard pull, which is described as 15 short tons-force (130 kN) above "normal" tugboats.

[2170] Tugboat Propulsion. Tugboats are highly maneuverable, and various propulsion systems have been developed to increase maneuverability and increase safety. The earliest tugs were fitted with paddle wheels, but these were soon replaced by propeller-driven tugs. Kurt nozzles (see below) have been added to increase thrust per kW/hp. This was followed by the nozzle , which omitted the need for a conventional rudder. The cycloidal propeller (see below) was developed prior to World War II and was occasionally used in tugs because of its maneuverability. After World War II it was also linked to safety due to the development of the Voith Water Tractor, a tugboat configuration which could not be pulled over by its tow. In the late 1950s, the Z-drive or (azimuth thruster) was developed. Although sometimes referred to as the Aquamaster or Schottel system, many brands exist: Steer prop, Wärtsilä, Berg Propulsion, etc. These propulsion systems are used on tugboats designed for tasks such as ship docking and marine construction. Conventional propeller/rudder configurations are more efficient for port-to-port towing.

[2171] Ducted propeller. The Kort nozzle is a sturdy cylindrical structure around a special propeller having minimum clearance between the propeller blades and the inner wall of the Kort nozzle. The thrust-to-power ratio is enhanced because the water approaches the propeller in a linear configuration and exits the nozzle the same way. The Kort nozzle is named after its inventor, but many brands exist.

[2172] Cyclo rotor. The cycloidal propeller is a circular plate mounted on the underside of the hull, rotating around a vertical axis with a circular array of vertical blades (in the shape of hydrofoils) that protrude out of the bottom of the ship. Each blade can rotate itself around a vertical axis. The internal mechanism changes the angle of attack of the blades in sync with the rotation of the plate, so that each blade can provide thrust in any direction, similar to the collective pitch control and cyclic in a helicopter.

[2173] The Carousel Tug adds a pair of interlocking rings to the body of the tug, the inner ring attached to the , with the outer ring attached to the towed ship by winch or towing hook. Since the towing point rotates freely, the tug is very difficult to capsize. Admiralty tugs were tugboats built for and operated by the . Older types of tugs are, Charlotte Dundas. E3 Tug Project. Fish tugs.

[2174] Tugboats consist of a hull Tail shaft extending from said hull. Propeller. Kort nozzle. Rudder blade. Old tires fender. Bow. . Hydraulic pins. Hatches. Main deck. Hawser. Winch. . H-Bit. Life Buoys. Bridge Ladder. Upper level Hand rails. Clear view screen. Bridge or wheel house. Funnel. Morse lamp/ Antenna. Siren. Flag. Mainmast. Master headlight. Towing cables and .

[2175] Commencement of dragging a vessel. The head tractor gets a heaving line from the container ship. The bow line with messenger is taken from the container ship. The stern line is passed from the rear tractor whereby a crew member of the container ship takes the stern line and fastens it. The stern tow line is fixed to the container ship Manila Express, the drag is started.

[2176] A pilot boat is a type of boat used to transport maritime pilots between land and the inbound or outbound ships that they are piloting.

[2177] A pusher, pusher craft, pusher boat, pusher tug, or towboat, is a boat designed for pushing barges or car floats. In the United States, the industries that use these vessels refer to them as towboats. These vessels are characterized by a square bow, a shallow draft, and typically have knees, which are large plates mounted to the bow for pushing barges of various heights. These boats usually operate on rivers and inland waterways. Multiple barges lashed together, or a boat and any barges lashed to it, are referred to as a "tow" and can have dozens of barges. Many of these vessels, especially the long distances, or long haul boats, include living quarters for the crew.

[2178] Towboats engine output range from less than 600 horsepower (447 kW) up to 11,100 horsepower (8,277 kW). Most towboats are from 35 to 200 feet (11 to 61 m) long, and 21 to 56 feet (6.4 to 17.1 m) wide. Smaller boats are used in harbors, fleeting areas and around locks while larger boats operate in "line-haul" operations over long distances and between major ports. with no locks or impediments other than channel size and depth. Larger boats can run this segment of the river with the maximum tow size of 42 barges southbound and 40+ northbound. A typical River tow might be 35 to 42 barges, each about 200 feet (61 m) long by 35 feet (11 m) wide, configured in a rectangular shape 6 to 7 barges long and 5 to 6 barges wide, depending on the number of barges in tow. The whole tow, excluding the towboat, can easily be over 1,200 feet (370 m) long and 200 feet (61 m) wide, covering over 6 acres (2.4 ha) and holding thousands of tons of cargo. Towboats in line-haul service operate 24/7 and have the latest in navigational equipment, such as color radar, GPS systems, electronic river charts, and specialized radio communications.

[2179] Boats that traverse the Intracoastal Waterway (ICW) are commonly referred to as "ditch boats" or "canal boats". ICW tows usually consist of 1 to 4 barges ranging in size, usually "strung out" end to end when loaded or "breasted up" side by side when empty. Towboats always push the "tow" of barges, which are lashed together with steel cables usually 1 to 1.5 in (25.4 to 38.1 mm) in diameter.

[2180] Azipod is a marine propulsion unit consisting of a fixed pitch propeller mounted on a steerable gondola ("pod") which also contains the electric motor driving the propeller. Although "Azipod" is a registered brand name, it is sometimes used incorrectly as a generic trademark for podded propulsion units manufactured by other companies.

[2181] of Eco-friendly ships. A ship is build in a dock connected to the sea. Giant ships are made out of assembled blocks. This efficient method is called assembling developed in Japan. Comprising a manufacturing line for steel plates of several centimeters thick which are cut by gas torches for the ships hull. Made is thousands of steel plates parts. The ship bow and hull comprises curved steel plates which is a skill of craftsman that heat the steel plates with a gas burner which expand water is sprayed on causes the plates to contract and brought to shape equaling the or bending templex serving as mold. The plates are than brought together and welded. The bridge is assembled and outfitted with wiring and equipment after completing lifted by a crane and welded on the deck of the ship. Ones the bridge is attached the ship is almost complete. The block building makes building ships easier for the workers which do not have to clime and stretch upward whereby the blocks are turned and pipes and ceiling components are mounted easily. Large vessels are build of high tensional steel whereas ordinary steel, alloy and magnesium and more for the ship where ordinary steel plates will sink the ship. High tensional steel is welded with molten metal at the proper temperature. A welding agent is made of at least ten different minerals. The ships drive shafts which may comprise a center shaft that runs along the center of the hull or three shafts whit two smaller screw propellers which also contribute for navigating the vessel by altering the speed of the side propeller shafts. The shaft is connected to the engine crankshaft and runs trough support bearings pertruding to the hull and connecting to a propeller of eight meter in diameter. The ship also comprising a dual screw propeller rotor whereby the main rotor is diesel driven and the second is electric driven.

[2182] The propeller rotor are rotated in opposite direction to optimize propulsion and stability. whereby the second propeller which is mounted opposing the first propeller. Ship that require stability are build on two submarine like hulls providing buoyancy whereon the super structure is welded such as passenger ferries and special application and utility vessels. Japans new invention for balancing a ship by pneumatic means. The ship bottom comprises at least two rows of open compartments like holes in the bottom of the vessel wherein air is pumped in or out to balance the ship. This technique reduces material and overall weight plus reducing fuel and costs. Large car carrier vessels are also made to transport vehicles which can carry up to 8000 cars in its 12 deck designed hull for efficient loading of vehicles and are attached to the deck. The ships hull is made like a large parking garage wherein the levels can be adjusted and altered for transporting vans and trucks and other large vehicles by adjusting the height of the decks. These Eco-friendly ships can be made sustainable and zero emission ships that contribute to a cleaner and better world. Large oil tankers of 330 meters long and 60 meters wide comprising a hull which is usually divided length wise into two or more chambers which able them to carry different types of oil in the same voyage.

[2183] Ship building and ship construction and dynamics regarding the submerged hull comprising a bow, is made distinct which cut through water reducing drag for example a bulbous bow made in comparison with the nose of a fuselage or submarine tubular enclosure. A ship comprises a bow. The bulbous bow is also an excellent part wherein hydro electric generators can be mounted for generating electric current and closed with a steel grid. The exhausts can be provided at the sides of the bulbous bow. A ship also comprises a bow, a curved bow, an inverted bow, a plumb bow, a racked bow, a ram bow, a high-chin spoon bow, a low chin spoon bow and straight bow. The forward part of the bow, usually on the ship's centerline, is called the . Traditionally, the stem was an upright timber or metal bar into which side planks or plates were joined.

[2184] A deck is a permanent covering over a compartment or a hull of a ship. On a boat or ship, the primary or upper deck is the horizontal structure that forms the "roof" of the hull, strengthening it and serving as the primary working surface. Vessels often have more than one level both within the hull and in the superstructure above the primary deck, similar to the floors of a multistory building, that are also referred to as decks, as are certain compartments and decks built over specific areas of the superstructure. Decks for some purposes have specific names. The thickness of the decking affects how strong the hull is, and is directly related to how thick the skin of the hull itself is, which is of course related to how large the vessel is, the kind of work it is expected to do, and the kind of weather it may reasonably be expected to endure.

[2185] The ships , in naval terminology, is an adjective or adverb meaning, towards the stern (rear) of the ship, when the frame of reference is within the ship, headed at the fore. The stern is opposite the bow, the "outside" (offboard) of the front of the boat. Having hand rails around the deck and upper levels.

[2186] A marine vessels also comprises a, . After castle . and chain system. windlass. . Bilge board . brake Bow Capstan. . Centerboard. Crow's nest Dagger board. Deck. . Gunwale Head Hull Keel, Keel (Canting) Kelson Prow Rudder Ship's wheel Stem Stern Winch. Live supporting systems. air intakes and outlet. Air circulating system. clear water tanks and circulation systems, water desalination installation.

[2187] A sailing vessel comprises at least one mast. a a . a . A hull. A keel. a rudder. A Skeg. A . A . . A boom. spar. . . . manual Hoist. Ropes.

[2188] A river cruise is a voyage along inland waterways, often stopping at multiple ports along the way. Since cities and towns often grew up around rivers, river cruise ships frequently dock in the center of cities and towns consisting of short cruises. River cruise ships with accommodation facilities offer longer cruises.

[2189] Riverboats are smaller than ocean liners, because of the size of the river and/or locks. Most riverboats between 90 and 250 passengers, but there are exceptions. The atmosphere is more intimate and friendly. River cruises provide a unique way of seeing a country's interior. River cruising is a major tourist industry in many parts of the world. These boats are of many varieties consisting of an upper glass doom comfortable seats tables and restaurant.

[2190] A narrow boat or narrow boat is a boat of a distinctive design, made to fit the narrow canals. A narrowboat must be under 7 feet (2.13 m) wide (most modern boats are usually produced to a maximum of 6 feet 10 inches (2.08 m) wide). Their maximum length is 72 feet (21.95 m). Anything wider or longer will be unable to navigate most of the canal network. To access the entire network the maximum is 57 feet (17.37 m). Modern narrowboats are used for holidays, weekend breaks, touring, or as permanent or part-time residences. Usually, they have steel hulls and a steel superstructure.

[2191] Types of Narrow Boats: 1.1 Traditional stern 1.2 Cruiser stern. 1.3 Semi-traditional stern 1.4 With a butty stern 1.5 Centre cockpit.

[2192] A cabin cruiser is a type of power boat that provides accommodation for its crew and passengers inside the structure of the craft. A cabin cruiser usually ranges in size from 7.6 to 13.7 m (25 to 45 ft) in length, with larger pleasure craft usually considered .

[2193] A is a watercraft used for pleasure or sports. The term originates from the Dutch word jacht, was originally referencing light fast sailing vessels used to pursue and and other transgressors around and into the shallow waters of colonial countries. Yachts differ from other vessels by their leisure purpose. A yacht is any or power vessel used for pleasure, cruising or racing. A yacht does not have to have luxury accommodations to be a yacht, in fact many racing yachts are stripped out vessels with the minimum of accommodations. The term '' is sometimes used in America to differentiate sail from powerboat. See also ''. There are currently about 6,500 yacht over 24m on the market.

[2194] Charter yachts are a subset of yachts used for pleasure, cruising or racing, but run as a business for profit. Ownership can be private or corporate. The paid crews of these vessels call themselves 'yachters'. Yacht lengths normally range from 7 meters (23 ft) up to dozens of meters (hundreds of feet). A luxury craft smaller than 12 meters (39 ft) is more commonly called a cabin cruiser or simply a cruiser. A superyacht generally refers to any yacht (sail or power) above 24 m (79 ft) and a mega yacht generally refers to any yacht over 50 meters (164 ft).

[2195] Yachts were made of wood or steel, but a much wider range of materials is used today. Although wood hulls are still in production, the most common construction material is fiberglass, followed by aluminum, steel, carbon fiber, and ferro cement (rarer because of insurance difficulties). The use of wood has changed and is no longer limited to traditional board-based methods, but also include modern products such as plywood, veneers, skinned balsa and epoxy resins. Wood is mostly used by hobbyists or wooden boat purists when building an individual boat. Apart from materials like carbon fibre and aramid fibre, spruce veneers laminated with epoxy resins have the best weight-to-strength ratios of all boatbuilding materials.

[2196] Sailing yachts can range in overall length (Length Over All—LOA) from about 6 meters (20 ft) to well over 30 meters (98 ft), where the distinction between a yacht and a ship becomes blurred. Most privately owned yachts fall in the range of about 7 meters (23 ft)-14 meters (46 ft); the cost of building and keeping a yacht rises quickly as length increases.

[2197] Types of yachts consists of: 1.1 Day sailing yachts 1.2 Weekender yachts 1.3 Cruising yachts 1.4 Luxury sailing yachts 1.5 Racing yachts 1.6 A luxury yacht, also known as a super-yacht or mega-yacht, or Giga-yachts is a large and very expensive professionally crewed sailing or motor yacht. There is no industry-wide definition of a luxury yacht. However, there is a legal distinction between yachts above 24 meters (79 ft) and below, as in some countries those above 24 meters must have a permanent crew onboard.

[2198] Hull types are Monohulled yachts are typically fitted with a fixed keel or a centerboard (adjustable keel) below the waterline to counterbalance the overturning force of wind on the vessel's . yachts use two () or three () hulls widely separated from each other to provide a stable base that resists overturning. Motor yachts typically have one or two internal combustion engines that burn diesel fuel or gasoline.

[2199] The accommodation on this type of yacht is typically as follows: Lower deck: exterior swimming platform at the stern; four (sometimes five) guest cabins with and suite bath aft; engine room amidships; crew quarters forward. Main deck: sheltered exterior deck aft leading into the saloon; dining room and galley; entrance amidships; owner's suite forward, usually includes a study, and sometimes a second stateroom for a personal assistant/bodyguard. Upper deck: exterior deck aft, often used for outdoor dining; second saloon (often called the sky lounge); sixth stateroom will be amidships if it is not on the lower deck or part of the owner's suite; captain's cabin; bridge. Sun deck: the uppermost deck, often features a jacuzzi and sometimes a glass enclosed gym (which can also be below decks or even part of the owner's suite). A 50-metre yacht will have one or more luxury yacht tenders for reaching shore and other "toys" which may include a speed boat or sailing boat, personal water craft, and diving equipment and a banana boat. Up-to-date yachts have multiple televisions and satellite communications. The interior and exterior design is not a standard given which very and may have many cabins and floor which vary up to hundreds of millions of dollars.

[2200] A small yacht may consist of accommodations on deck and below the deck propelled by a plurality of electric outboard motors electrically connected to the rechargeable battery and electric generator power supply. Larger vessels are equipped with the electric piston engines and/or the rotary electric machines. These vessels consist of several levels above deck and below the deck accessible by elevators made of transparent acrylic or glass. The accommodation on this type of yacht is typical as follows: Lower deck: exterior swimming platform at the stern; four (sometimes five) guest cabins with en-suite bath aft; engine room amidships; crew quarters forward. Main deck: sheltered exterior deck aft leading into the saloon; dining room and galley; entrance amidships; owner's suite forward, usually includes a study, and sometimes a second stateroom for a personal assistant/bodyguard. Upper deck: exterior deck aft, often used for outdoor dining; second saloon (often called the sky lounge); sixth stateroom will be amidships if it is not on the lower deck or part of the owner's suite; captain's cabin; bridge. Sun deck: the uppermost deck, often features a jacuzzi and sometimes a glass-enclosed gym (which can also be below decks or even part of the owner's suite). A 50-meters yacht will have one or more luxury yacht tenders for reaching shore and other "toys" which may include a speed boat or sailing boat, personal watercraft, windsurfing and diving equipment, and a banana boat. Up to date yachts have multiple televisions and satellite communications. The interior and exterior design is not a standard given which vary and may have many cabins and floor.

[2201] A luxury yacht tender is a vessel used for servicing and providing support and entertainment to a private or charter luxury yacht. Known commonly as the 'yacht's tender', there are different luxury yacht tenders: custom (made for a special use, a special yachts or especially designed), chase boats (which can not be carried by the yacht but rather follow her), classic boats (such as Wally Yachts or Van Dutch), and rigid-hulled inflatable boats (RIBs) which feature cushioned inflatable rubber inner tubes around their rigid (usually fiberglass) hull to protect the yacht when in close contact. The latest type is commonly used thanks to its lightweight and easy protection given by the tubes.

[2202] Cruise ship, comprising: Air exhausts ducts and chimney are situated on the highest point of the vessel on the upper deck roof or extended. Air intakes ducts are situated lower to inhale clean and fresh air connected to plenum for dividing air throughout the vessel equipped with turbine generators having a protective grill and filters. Kitchen exhaust and machine exhaust are connected to the chimney. The kitchen is situated below the main deck including machine room with combustion engine connecting to generators in a separate room. And a boiler room, having extra thick double walls for explosion of the boiler and water tight doors. The lower hull is made of sections with water tight door such when the hull is breached said section can be closed and sealed by the emergency doors. Live boats are suspended on the side decks and can be swung out to abandon ship. The vessel may contain inflatable rafts and lifeboats. Life vests according to the amount of passengers including crew members. The upper levels consists of first class cabins, lounge, theater and dance hall where live music and performance of artists is exhibited. The lower levels are and beneath the main decks the economy class and low budget passengers and for crew members. The side decks and walk ways can be closed wherein windows are provided as the upper levels side deck is made without closing sides where a railing is made including the front main deck and the rear deck. The anchors and anchor chains and spool is in a closed cabin below the main deck. The vessel engine is operated directly from the bridge or wheel house instead of the control room below the deck.

[2203] Ships and marine vessels utilize a sonar radar for locating hazards and preventing disasters like the Titanic and even modern vessels crash in to rocks because the lack of underwater visualization. A separate set of systems provided both on deck and engine room for emergency situations. Some of the most important emergency machinery and systems on board ships are – Emergency compressor, Emergency bilge suction, Emergency fire pump, Lifeboat, and Emergency generator. As per the SOLAS requirements, all emergency equipment/systems must be tested frequently (general practice on a ship- weekly) to ensure they run smoothly when really needed, especially in an emergency situation. Important requirements for the prime mover of the emergency generator are: 1. The emergency electrical power providing generator shall be driven by a suitable prime mover having independent auxiliary systems, which may consist of fuel, ventilation, lubrication, cooling etc.

2. The fuel used in the emergency generator prime mover must have a flash point of > 43° C

3. The prime mover of the emergency generator shall be started automatically once the main source of electrical power supply fails. 4. If the emergency generator does not start or does not take the load of the emergency switchboard connections, an indication shall be given in the engine room or at a manned control station.

[2204] Anti-freezing compounds are added to the emergency generators to ensure it will start even at very low temperatures (ve temperature). If using fully formulated anti-freeze compound, mix it with good quality water in a ratio of 1:1 or as stated by the manufacturer. If the fully formulated antifreeze compound concentration is kept higher than required, the cooling system may silica gel formation issue.

[2205] On ships, the steam turbine can also be used as a direct propulsion plant, in which, the turbine shaft is connected to propeller shaft of the ship. Since the speed will be in thousand rpm, reduction gears and reduction systems are used to get a drop in propeller rpm. The propelling plant of the ship can be driven by steam turbine through a slow speed motor. The turbine generator directly supplies power to these slow speed motors which are connected to the propeller shaft of the ship. A turbine will act as a prime mover in turbo generator and is fitted on the same shaft as of the alternator’s rotor. The alternator is used to convert the rotary motion of the turbine to electrical energy and its output is supplied to the main switch board of the ship.

[2206] The steam control governor is used to control the speed of the turbine generator during starting, normal operation and shutting down. It controls the quantity of the steam inlet to the turbine generator. Different pressure control valves are fitted in the steam line and are controlled using governor for the flow of steam from the ship’s boiler system. The condensed steam, after the turbine is further cooled down, is pumped back to the cascade tank by condensate pump. The steam turbine shaft is provided with glands wherein steam is sprayed at a pressure of 0.3~ 0.5 bar so that the vacuum inside the turbine casing doesn’t drop. The heat exchanger acts as a condenser to cool down and condense all the steam from the turbine into water so that it can be pumped back to the hot well. A vacuum pump header tank is provided to cool down the vacuum pump as the later deals with high temperature steam.

[2207] A luxury yacht tender is a vessel used for servicing and providing support and entertainment to a private or charter luxury yacht. Known commonly as the 'yacht's tender', there are different luxury yacht tenders: custom (made for a special use, a special yachts or especially designed), chase boats (which can not be carried by the yacht but rather follow her), classic boats (such as Wally Yachts or Van Dutch), and rigid-hulled inflatable boats (RIBs) which feature cushioned inflatable rubber inner tubes around their rigid (usually fiberglass) hull to protect the yacht when in close contact. The latest type is commonly used thanks to its light weight and easy protection given by the tubes.

[2208] A is an open motorboat. The forward part of the launch may be covered. Prior to the era of engines on small craft, a launch was the largest boat carried on a sailing vessel, powered by sail or by oars. In competitive rowing, a launch is a motorized boat used by the coach during training. Including a motor launch.

[2209] Rescue vessels and coastguard vessels. A rescue craft is a boat, ship or aircraft used in rescuing which are watertight closed by sealed hatches. The most common are Lifeboat (rescue) for Inshore and closer to shore rescues. For operations further out from shore helicopters & ships are mainly used. A rescue lifeboat is a boat rescue craft which is used to attend a vessel in distress, or its survivors, to rescue crew and passengers. It can be hand pulled, sail powered or powered by an engine. Lifeboats may be rigid, inflatable or rigid-inflatable combination hulled vessels. Inflatable boats (IB, and RHIB). Larger noninflatable boats are also employed as lifeboats. The RNLI fields the Severn class lifeboat and Tamar class lifeboat as allweather lifeboats (ALB). (MLB) refers to a similar (though slightly smaller) class of non-inflatable lifeboats. Also comprising electric propelled rescue and life boats including battery packs and electric motor motors. the plugin vessels are charged at their harbors.

[2210] A Catamaran is a multi-hulled watercraft featuring two parallel hulls of equal size. It is a geometry-stabilized craft, deriving its stability from its wide beam, rather than from a ballasted keel as with a sailboat. Catamaran is from a Tamil word, kattumaram, which means "logs tied together" Catamarans typically have less hull volume, higher displacement, and shallower draft (draught) than of comparable length. The two hulls combined also often have a smaller hydrodynamic resistance than comparable monohulls, requiring less propulsive power from either sails or motors. The catamaran's wider stance on the water can reduce both heeling and wave-induced motion, as compared with a monohulled, and can give reduced wakes.

[2211] Catamarans range in size from small sailing or rowing vessels house boats to large naval ships and car ferries and aircrafts carriers. The structure connecting a catamaran's two hulls ranges from a simple frame strung with webbing to support the crew to a bridging superstructure incorporating extensive cabin and/or cargo space.

[2212] A boat lift, ship lift, or lift lock is a machine for transporting boats between water at two different elevations, and is an alternative to the canal lock and the canal inclined plane. It may be either vertically moving, like the ship lifts or rotational. Ships are lifted by pumping water into the lock or lifting the entire lock. Lifting locks are also provided in dams. A lock is a device used for raising and lowering boats, ships and other watercraft between stretches of water of different levels on river and canal waterways. The distinguishing feature of a lock is a fixed chamber in which the water level can be varied; whereas in a caisson lock, a boat lift, or on a canal inclined plane, it is the chamber itself (usually then called a caisson) that rises and falls. Locks are used to make a river more easily navigable, or to allow a canal to cross land that is not level. Later canals used more and larger locks to allow a more direct route to be taken. A rotary lock connects two channels whereby the lock is lifted and transported on tracks where after the lock is lowers by rotating downward. the lock is mounted in bearings.

[2213] A pound lock is a type of lock that is used almost exclusively nowadays on canals and rivers. A pound lock has a chamber with gates at both ends that control the level of water in the pound. In contrast, an earlier design with a single gate was known as a flash lock. All pound locks have three elements: 1.1 A watertight chamber connecting the upper and lower canals, and large enough to enclose one or more boats. The position of the chamber is fixed, but its water level can vary. 1.2 A gate (often a pair of "pointing" half-gates) at each end of the chamber. A gate is opened to allow a boat to enter or leave the chamber; when closed, the gate is watertight. 1.3 A set of lock gear to empty or fill the chamber as required. This is usually a simple valve (traditionally, a flat panel (paddle) lifted by manually winding a rack and pinion mechanism) which allows water to drain into or out of the chamber; larger locks may use pumps. A pound is the level stretch of water between two locks. The chamber is the main feature of a lock. The cill, also spelled sill, is a narrow horizontal ledge protruding a short way into the chamber from below the upper gates.

[2214] A balance beam is the long arm projecting from the landward side of the gate over the towpath. As well as providing leverage to open and close the heavy gate, the beam also balances the (non-floating) weight of the gate in its socket, and so allows the gate to swing more freely.

[2215] A paddle – sometimes known as a slacker, clough, or (in American English) wicket – is the simple valve by which the lock chamber is filled or emptied. The paddle itself is a sliding wooden (or nowadays plastic) panel which when "lifted" (slid up) out of the way allows water to either enter the chamber from the upper pound or flow out to the lower pound. A gate paddle simply covers a hole in the lower part of a gate; a more sophisticated ground paddle blocks an underground culvert.

[2216] Winding gear is the mechanism which allows paddles to be lifted (opened) or lowered (closed). Typically, a square section stub emerges from the housing of the winding gear. This is the axle of a sprocket ("pinion") which engages with a toothed bar ("rack") attached by rodding to the top of the paddle. A lock-keeper or member of the boat's shore crew engages the square socket of their windlass (see below) onto the end of the axle and turns the windlass perhaps a dozen times. This rotates the pinion and lifts the paddle. A pawl engages with the rack to prevent the paddle from dropping inadvertently while being raised, and to keep it raised when the windlass is removed, so that the operator can attend to other paddles. Nowadays it is considered discourteous and wasteful of water to leave a paddle open after a boat has left the lock, but in commercial days it was normal practice. To lower a paddle the pawl must be disengaged, and the paddle wound down with the windlass. Dropping paddles by knocking the pawl off can cause damage to the mechanism; the paddle gear is typically made of cast iron and can shatter or crack when dropped from a height.

[2217] a hydraulic system for operating paddles, especially those on bottom gates, which are the heaviest to operate. A metal cylinder about a foot in diameter was mounted on the balance beam and contained a small oil- operated hydraulic pump. A spindle protruded from the front face and was operated by a windlass in the usual way, the energy being transferred to the actual paddle by small bore pipes. The system was widely installed and on some canals, it became very common.

[2218] A windlass (also variously 'lock handle', 'iron' or simply 'key') is a detachable crank used for opening lock paddles. The simplest windlass is made from an iron rod of circular section, about half an inch in diameter and two feet long, bent to make an L-shape with legs of slightly different length. The shorter leg is called the handle, and the longer leg is called the arm. Welded to the end of the arm is a square, sometimes tapered, socket of the correct size to fit onto the spindle protruding from lock winding gear. (the word does not refer to the winding mechanism itself).

[2219] On horse-drawn and mule-drawn canals, snubbing posts were used to slow or stop a boat in the lock. A 200-ton boat moving at a few miles an hour could destroy the lock gate. Nowadays Ships are toad by small locomotives like the Panama Canal.

[2220] The principle of operating a lock is simple. For instance, if a boat traveling downstream finds the lock already full of water: The entrance gates are opened and the boat moves into the lock, where after the entrance gates are closed. A valve is opened, this lowers the boat by draining water from the chamber. The exit gates are opened and the boat moves out.

[2221] Variations exist for types of locks and the terminology used for them. Single gates on narrow canals (locks approx. 7 feet or 2.1 meters wide). A few narrow locks imitate wide locks in having paired gates at both ends. Steel gates and/or balance beams are frequently used nowadays, although all-wooden versions are still fitted where appropriate. Swinging gates. Sliding gates.Sliding gates. Some low-head locks use sliding steel gates. Caisson gates. Guillotine gates. Vertically rotating gates. Rotating sector gates. Different paddle gear. Composite locks. Lock keepers for non-automated locks. Weigh lock. A flight of locks is simply a series of locks in close-enough proximity to be identified as a single group. Staircase locks. Doubled, paired or twinned locks. The Panama Canal has three sets of double locks. Stop locks are low-rise lock built at the junction of two (rival) canals to prevent water from passing between them. Round locks. Drop locks. Flood locks. flood gate or "stop gate". Bidirectional gates and locks. A tidal lock is generally any lock that connects tidal with non-tidal water. An inlet lock is to regulate water from a feeder canal or a river into the main canal. Van gate. Flash lock. staunch or water gate, consisting of a gate (or pair of mitered gates). Pound lock. Turf-sided lock. Boat lift. Hydro-pneumatic canal lift. Shaft lock. Caisson lock. Diagonal lock.

[2222] At the Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang) in China there are two stair steps of five large ship locks (each 300 m long and 35 m wide) for ten-thousand-tone ships. In addition to this there will be a boat lift (a large elevator) capable of moving a three-thousand-ton ship vertically in one motion. The locks and the boat lift provide a total lift of up to 113 meters.

[2223] Fish Ladders. The construction of locks (or weirs and dams) on rivers obstructs the passage of fish. Some fish such as lampreys, trout and salmon go upstream to spawn. Measures such as a fish ladder are often taken to counteract this. Navigation locks have also potential to be operated as fish passageways to provide increased access for a range of biota.

[2224] When a stretch of river is made navigable, a lock is sometimes required to bypass an obstruction such as a rapid, dam, or mill weir, because of the change in river level across the obstacle. In large scale river navigation improvements, weirs and locks are used together. A weir will increase the depth of a shallow stretch, and the required lock will either be built in a gap in the weir, or at the downstream end of an artificial cut which bypasses the weir and perhaps a shallow stretch of river below it. A river improved by these means is often called a Waterway or River Navigation.

SUBMURGED SPEEDING VESSEL

[2225] NAUTULUS the Submarine watercraft includes fuselage hull of a spatial figure. Watertight interior with passenger Levels, spaces and compartment with a life Support System. internal automated atmospheric pressure. Electric Generators, Climate control, Oxygen generator and electric circulating piping Ensuring the Safety and comfort of the passengers also applied for Small and personal Submarine. Retractable Stabilizer fins. Ballast tanks and pumping system. A Submarine is comprised of a single or double hull pressurized hull with drive motors with extending drive shafts from the rear hull mated with the adjustable H/V drive propellers rotor housed in protective cages or shroud, tillable in all direction with the rotor. Servo driven dive planes and Stern short Extended center wings with flaps which provide directional control maneuverability and stability speeding at sonar speed. Light weight Li-ion battery packs are provided in the fuselage positioned in protective casings inside the hull. Generator compartments, water tight and seal doors and compartments. Transducer and probes for power supply and battery, External speed sensors. pressure sensor in bar or gauge. Ballast tank and pumps and valves. Forward and reverse thrust. Ring electric machine silent propeller. Automated computer system. Incompressible Submersible projectile body. rudder servo, Dive plane servo. Drive for motor. Control column. Pulse modulator. Gyroscopic manual controllers for navigation by a pilot. virtual gyroscopic controller on touchscreen. Electrically mated with the automated system for operation. Comprising at least one Hull, Entering doors. Backrest, Leg, Rest, Control. Column, Bow, Rudder, Stern, Drive, Motor, Strut, Propeller Cage, Water Sensor. The Submersible vessel is capable of launching a rocket or missile from the submersible which travels to the surface and ignites the rocket boosters while aligned vertical by the trajectory controller and is airborne, flying to destination to deliver a payload. A pay load is delivered on land on a receiving platform. On sea on the deck of a marine vessel. On airborne vehicles and to a space station located in low orbit or higher to deliver a payload. The submersible can be manned or unmanned automated autonomous vessel and maintains submerge without limitation wherein food is cultivated in agricultural compartments. The Lower hull comprising at least one uniform and tubular duct made of any shape equipped with electric machines with fan blade for inhaling fluid there through creating thrust for propulsion. comprising electric generators which do not require to rotate at the same speed and may rotate at lower speeds for generating electricity for the entire vessels by means of geared electric machines and electronic regulating components, circuits and units. The submarine comprising extendable hydrofoil instead of wings. Hydrofoil stabilize the vessel and is adjustable for navigating therewith. The submersible is equipped with vertical fans for diving without ballast tanks.

[2226] AT LEAST ONE, Category of all submersibles including deep diving manned submersibles vehicle. Commercial submersibles. MROV. Personal submersible with spherical glass cockpit and exterior side ballast tanks. Remotely operated underwater vehicle. Semi-submersible. Bathyscaphe. Bathysphere. Diving bell. Diving chamber. Midget submarine. CSS David. Perpetual submersible watercraft. Having ballast tanks and/or vertical axis propulsion. Comprising A cockpit. Inner cabin. Cabin pressure. Oxygen supply and generator. Water supply and generator. Food supply and generator. Sonar radar. Electronic radar. Radio communication transmitter and receiver connecting antenna. Air-conditioning and air filtering system. Manual navigation system. Water jet system. A pair of electric driven angle adjustable screw propeller.

ELECTRIC GENERATING OUTBORD AND INBOARD MOTOR.

[2227] Field of the Invention. The present invention relate in general to a marine engine, and more particularly to electric outboard which never the less can be applied inboard with the wind turbines omitted with hydroelectric generating turbine(s) applied opposing the propeller rotor. The hydro turbine is mounted on the vertical motor body generating electric energy while the craft or vessel is speeding. With several electric generators provided in the powerhead of the outboard motor. The outboard is an examplary illustration of the inventions which iss subject to change and can bbe applied for boats and for the largest vessels configurred as hybrid, electric, and IC engine.

[2228] Description of Related Art To improve the performance of a watercraft, the associated weight of and drag on the watercraft must be reduced. In regard to a watercraft's outboard motor, this means reducing the motor and craft weight. Existing outboard motors comprise a combustion engine which vary from a single piston two ten pistons or more stroke pistons.

[2229] The navigational controls consist of remote controlled devices such as a joy stick or steering wheel wherein the manual navigational systems such as the steering disc or for more precise or accuracy the rotary spherical controller can be applied. upper spherical controller can be provided with a stick that can be screwed on the sphere working as a joystick with more allowance in each direction. The outboard motor actuators are commonly provided under the powerhead for turning the entire motor. These are all applicable where the electric engine is partially rotated in the horizontal plane to steer the vessel. The steering of the motor is provided at the lower part after the fluid intake which is pneumatically revolved around the vertical rotating shaft. The disturbed vertical machine casing is watertight connected in bearings. The bearing are watertight plain bearings and may consist of roller bearings. The lower part may revolve 360 degrees or limited to 90 dergrees of freedom at both directions.

[2230] AT least one, electric outboard motor, for mounting on stern or the transom of a boat, has an engine substantially balanced about the center line of the outboard motor, a horizontally oriented engine output shaft and is angular tilt able about a horizontal axis forward of the point of attachment of the outboard motor to the transom during operation. The configuration enables the location of the driveshaft housing and lower unit at a point further aft of the transom to keep the marine propulsion unit's center of gravity in a more aft ward position, enabling an ex tended length exhaust system, better control and handling of the exhaust, increased torque, and an increasing overall engine efficiency. The low profile of the marine propulsion unit coupled with its far forward pivot point requires a smaller motor well space and increased visibility in the direction aft of the boat. Outboard motor can be arranged in hybrid configuration and shaft coupling. With a simple configuration and electric motor for small marine crafts or for speed boats and powerboats and other category of marine crafts and vessels or amphibian vehicles.

{2231} The at least one Outboard motor for marine vessels such as Power boats and other category including and row boats, yachts, etc. These vessels are commonly equipped with internal combustion engines and motors coupled to electric generators as power source for operating the vessel and for power supply. The motors are mounted internal in the vessel as either an inboard motor or pivotal attached at the exxterior to a transom of the boat as an out board motor. Both inboard and outboard power boats have air intakes for supplying air to the internal motor. The air intake typically are two side or upper opening in the powerhead walls of a housing that encloses the engine. The opening connects to a passageway for communicating air to the engine. For example, an outboard motor is enclosed in a housing called a cowling. The cowling includes a port through which air for the engine passes. During operation of the engine, the port must be open for communicating air from the atmosphere to the engine.

[2232] However, during operation of a pleasure boat, the out board motor occasionally is covered with sprays of water or with waves. In those circumstances, water as well as air is communicated to the engine. Also, foreign matters sometime enter the engine through the air passageway. For example, flying insects are known to build nests inside the air intake, particularly when the boat is not used for an extended period of time. For instance, mud-dauber wasps are known to build nests in the port and passage that communicates air into the engine. Such foreign matters are detrimental to the engine and its operation. During operation, insects, dirt, dust and the like, can also be ingested into the engine. Applicable for both inboard and outboard boats. The prior art describes various electric engines applicable for marine going boats and crafts.

PRIOR ART.

[2233] However the electric outboard motor can be arranged with a rotary electric machine as main electric motor. This Outboard motor is arranged with the Linear electric piston engine and gears in the crankcase. Rotary electric timer for power supply to the electric units and components. Sensor switched power supply with integrated 400Hz frequency oscillator. PCM module. Rechargeable means and charging electric unit in the power supply having a power converting unit of 240 volt at 60 Hz or 130volt at 50 Hz out power to the out board motor converted in the motor to 400 Hz voltage vary from the engine volume. Micro controller unit for regulating voltage and acceleration of pumps and power gain unit for propulsion. Hydro turbine generator and pump, wind turbine generator and centrifugal pump. Reducing gear assemblies for pumps. Pneumatic clutch system mounted for disengaging the propeller rotor. Breaking by reverse thrust. Pneumatic actuator. Pitch adjustable propeller blades for forward and reverse thrust connected to a propeller shaft with a opposing propeller rotor which is the hydroelectric generator. Wherein the engine powerhead the crankshaft connected to a transmission drive shaft of the gearbox through a first power transfer device. Separator of a crankcase ventilation System is located on a cam cover outside the cam chamber in order to reduce the Size. Waterproof front chamber for electronic components and transmitters and receivers. current accumulators and amplifiers. Speed sensing unit, voltage sensors and indicator displayed on the dashboard display. Thermostat and electric switches and relays electrically mated with the processor unit.

[2234] Electric Outboard motor comprises a power head with the main engine, cooling, generators and electric power supply and regulators and controllers. Where under extending within the motor body, a Midsection accommodating the exhaust of the liquid cooling turbine system. Lower unit and gear transmission unit to the horizontal axis or propeller rotor or screw. Manual tilter lid for tilting the motor horizontally or omitted. Mounting brackets. Water intake at the lower section. ant ventilation plate. Propeller. S keg. Linear electric machines driving the crankshaft by one piston engine or more piston engine electric engine arranges in a V formation in the power head. Crank shaft extends vertically downward mated with the gear assembly. Crank shaft having a gearwheel welded and connected with the hydro turbine shaft gear assembly provided in the power head and with the wind turbine pinion gear mounted on the wind turbine rotor axis mounted in a casing having a electric generator mated on the opposing shaft end enclosed in the turbine casing for generating electric current when the engine is in operation.

[2235] The Power head comprising a Hydro turbine water pump connected with tubes or stainless-steel pipes to the lower water intake and upper exhaust. Water turbine pump, pumps water through the cooling coils of the linear electric stoke engine or rotary electric motor. The crankshaft gear drives the hydro turbine shaft gear connection, functioning as pump and generating electricity combined with the wind turbine coupled with the crankshaft gear at the opposing horizontal plain. The power head may also comprise a electric generating centrifugal pump for air cooling extracting air from the wind turbine exhaust and creating a sucktional force causing the turbine rotor to accelerate, driven by the electric engine and coupled to the crankshaft by means of a cogwheel or belt and pulley or chain drive wherefore provided extra air exhausts on the rear casing of the powerhead.

[2236] Motive propulsion system at the lower end of the motor casing consists of a pitch adjustable screw propeller or propeller rotor, made open or in a shroud. The horizontal rotor drive shaft is connected by bevel gears with the vertical main drive shaft. The shroud is the disturbed continuum of the motor casing with a propeller rotor and is actuated by the pneumatic actuator by external remote navigational control. Ring turbine, adjustable propeller rotor.

[2237] in different embodiment the lower extend end submerged in the water comprises a horizontal wing wherein a plurality of ring turbine rotor are mounted for propulsion and for generating electric current. Wherein the said wing at least three coreless turbine rotor are arranged with the center turbine rotors for propulsion and the two side arranged turbines for generating a pulsing electric current while in motion. Fan rotors are also applicable with flattened blades and with sharped edges for forward and revers thrust fro propulsion in both directions. The horizontal wing can be regulated by means of a pivot mounted with the vertical motor body to be set in selectable caster angles at varying velocities for lifting the boat or lowering the back of the boat in to the body of water for reducing drag.

[2238] The tilter arm is automated where the tilter is omitted. Power Head upper cover extended upward for several centimeters or inches for accommodating the wind turbine generator. Front of the Power head top cover oriented in moving direction comprises an aerodynamic backward curve with intake baffles made along said curved front and channel wind like in FIG 2 and exists the turbine through the exhaust at the opposite in linear flow. The turbine pump provides power to the boat and to the wind turbine generator components which is automated and functions or switched on, when the turbine rotor is in motion. Electrically mated with the rechargeable and electric terminals. Two air ventilation apertures are made on the powerhead body for air cooling circulation. The output of the air circulation can be provided to the wind turbine by additional intakes made in the main upper wind turbine of the powerhead. To reduce the ingestion of water through the air intake for the internal air cooling a filter can be provided and a water sink or reservoir and outlet made in the air ducting system.

[2239] AT LEAST ONE: Out board motor for a speedboat, power boat. made of Plastic or rigid PVC. Boats made of Steel, aluminum, composite material, New types of boats are made of wood, fiberglass and more types of fiber epoxy, composites and Solid-State Plastic material, and light weight solid steel. Rigid plastic boats for recreation or fishing are hollow and filled with foam. Having room for six individuals provided seats on both sides, Capability of supporting 1190 lbs. With containers and storage compartments for supply and fishing gear. Having stainless steel beams extending from the bow to both sides functioning as supports, whereon fishing gears and brackets and holders for navigation system digital fish finder are docked and mounted with clamps. Compartment for the fuel tank compartment for the ropes to tie the boat and an anchor. and medical aid compartment and SOS, compartment with smoke signal or flair gun. notch and fitting pipes. Cushions and Seats. Cars sport seats. A comfortable couch. Paddle boat having a paddle, which can be paddled by one or more persons. paddles are bend made on a long axis with paddles provided in the bend gaps. the center or side of the bend axis is equipped with a paddle wheel resembling a simple rotor with no aerodynamic properties. Pneumatic actuator. Wireless Disc and ring Manual controller. Fastening brackets. Rotary speed sensor made in the duct beside the water intake. Short wave Radio transmitter and receiver with motor and controller. Watertight and spring mounted closing lid on the cable connecting terminal. Near Field Communication (NFC). Unique address pairing or handshake. TO BE CONTINUED.

[2240] AT LEAST ONE: Outboard motor comprises a power head with the main engine. Midsection accommodating the exhaust for combustion engine. Lower unit and gear transmission unit. Tilter lid for tilting the motor horizontally. Mounting brackets. Water intake at the lower section. anti-ventilation plate. Propeller. S keg. Two linear electric machines providing a four-stroke electric engine arranges in a V formation in the power head. Crank shaft extends vertically downward mated with the gear assembly. Crank shaft having a gearwheel welded and connected with the hydro turbine shaft gear assembly provided in the power head.

[2241] The power head comprising a Hydro turbine pump connected with tubes or stainless-steel pipes to the lower water intake and upper exhaust. Water turbine pump, pumps water through the cooling coils of the linear electric motors or rotary electric motor. The crankshaft gear drives the hydro turbine shaft gear connection, functioning as pump and generating electricity. The lower propeller is made open or in a shroud. The shroud is a disturbed continuum of the motor casing with a propeller rotor. Ring turbine, adjustable propeller rotor. The motor is tilted with the arm or automated where the tilter is omitted. Power Head upper cover extended upward for several centimeters or inches for accommodating the wind turbine generator. Front of the Power head top cover oriented in moving direction comprises an aerodynamic backward curve with intake baffles made along said curved front and channel wind like in FIG 2 and exists the turbine through the exhaust at the opposite in linear flow.

[2242] The electric turbine pump provides power to the boat and to the wind turbine generator components which is automated and functions or switched on, when the turbine rotor is in motion. Electrically mated with the rechargeable and electric terminals. Out board motor for a speedboat, power boat. Inflatable boat made of Plastic or rigid PVC. Boats made of Steel, aluminum. New types of boats are made of wood, fiberglass and more types of fiber epoxy, composite and Solid-State Plastic material. Rigid plastic boats for recreation or fishing are hollow and filled with foam. Having room for six individuals provided seats on both sides, Capability of supporting. 1190 lbs. With containers and storage compartments for supply and fishing gear. Having stainless steel beams extending from the bow to both sides functioning as supports, whereon fishing gears and brackets and holders for navigation system digital fish finder are docked and mounted with clamps. Compartment for the fuel tank compartment for the ropes to tie the boat and an anchor. and medical aid compartment and SOS, compartment with smoke signal or flair gun. notch and fitting pipes. Cushions and Seats. Cars sport seats.

[2243] A comfortable couch. Paddle boat having a paddle, which can be paddled by one or more persons. paddles are bend made on a long axis with paddles provided in the bend gaps. the center or side of the bend axis is equipped with a paddle wheel resembling a simple rotor with no aerodynamic properties. Pneumatic actuator. Wireless Disc and ring Manual controller. Fastening brackets. Rotary speed sensor made in the duct beside the water intake. Short wave Radio transmitter and receiver with motor and controller. Watertight and spring mounted closing lid on the cable connecting terminal. Near Field Communication (NFC). Uniqud address pairing or handshake.

[2244] The invention relates to personal water crafts (PWC). E-Motive paddled watercraft. Channel touring boat. Tourist boat. Jet Ski, Wave Runner, or Sea-Doo. The battery and generator powered craft is propelled by paddling or by the electric supply and motor. An common water craft is made on two sides hulls or a complete floating hull with aerodynamic bow and lower hull. The rudder is rotatable mounted with an electric machine voltage regulating chip and SMD capacitors and resistors and diodes mounted on a PCB in a water tight insulated and enclosed casing with radio transmitter, Bluetooth or infrared or shortwave radio frequency. Electro magnetically mated with the disc and ring throttle control by means of antennas. The actuator is mounted on top of the rudder axis which is mated in bearings to the center stern.

[2245] The manual controllers like a spherical controller, disc and rings, a joystick depend on the propulsion system and maneuverability and features which are programmed to steer the craft in the corresponding rotated diction of the disc whereby the rudder is moved to the opposite direction. The craft can also be equipped with a horizontal axis mounted propeller rotor enclosed in a cage and installed at the rear for propelling the watercraft driven by the electric battery. The water craft may also be equipped with a vertical axis propeller rotor driven by one electric machine and differential gear connection for flying the craft having tilting swash mechanism. Extension mounts adjustable from multiple angle and axis. The rotor is made on a frame bars welded with the hub or rivet or weld. The water craft of amphibian craft can be made of light weight alloys, aluminum or PVC or fiber glass or carbon fiber and other light weight solid state material. Paddle is not mechanically connected with the turbine rotor for propelling the craft. Paddle is mounted on an extension with a center enclosure wherein the Coaxial automated geared generator which provides electric power to accumulators and fast chargers in the power supply which supply power to all the electric components and machines. The craft can be mall, with open top or partially closed or complete enclosed with windows and balustrades and decks. Having the same as a luxury yacht. Solar panels are applied for charging the accumulators, fast chargers and the battery of the craft. The water craft may comprise Electric jet propulsion engines. Water craft comprising a double coaxial duct, with the first Centre duct and the second outer duct. First inner duct propels the craft and the second duct generates current for the craft. At the center or more double ducts extended through the hull. Small crafts ducts are made from the center to the stern, because the bow is lifted from the body of water when speeding. Manual controller comprising digital waterproof touchscreen display and comprising a smartphone integrated 4G network for navigation, speed and so on. Coaxial automated geared electric machine. Electric piston engine. Hybrid engine. Water jet propulsion by perpendicular intake and exhaust. Dirigible by rudders and propulsion engines and boosters. Reverse thrust jet engine and boosters.

WATERCRAFTS AND PLEASURE BOATS.

{2246] AT LEAST ONE: personal water craft (PWC). E-Motive paddled watercraft. Channel touring boat. Tourist boat. Jet Ski, Wave Runner, or Sea-Doo. The battery and generator powered craft is propelled by paddling or by the electric supply and motor. An common water craft is made on two sides hulls or a complete floating hull with aerodynamic bow and lower hull. The rudder is rotatable mounted with an electric machine voltage regulating chip and SMD capacitors and resistors and diodes mounted on a PCB in a water tight insulated and enclosed casing with radio transmitter, Bluetooth or infrared or short-wave radio frequency. Electro magnetically mated with the disc and ring throttle control by means of antennas. The actuator is mounted on top of the rudder axis which is mated in bearings to the center stern. Disc is programmed to steer the craft in the corresponding rotated diction of the disc whereby the rudder is moved to the opposite direction.

[2247] The craft can also be equipped with a horizontal axis mounted propeller rotor enclosed in a cage and installed at the rear for propelling the watercraft driven by the electric battery. The water craft may also be equipped with a vertical axis propeller rotor driven by one electric machine and differential gear connection for flying the craft having tilting swash mechanism. Extension mounts adjustable from multiple angle and axis. The rotor is made on a frame bars welded with the hub or rivet or weld. The water craft of amphibian craft can be made of light weight alloys, aluminum or PVC or fiber glass or carbon fiber and other light weight solid state material. Paddle is not mechanically connected with the turbine rotor for propelling the craft. Paddle is mounted on an extension with a center enclosure wherein the Coaxial automated geared generator which provides electric power to accumulators and fast chargers in the power supply which supply power to all the electric components and machines.

[2248] The craft can be mall, with open top or partially closed or complete enclosed with windows and balustrades and decks. Having the same as a luxury yacht. Solar panels are applied for charging the accumulators, fast chargers and the battery of the craft. The water craft may comprise Electric jet propulsion engines. Water craft comprising a double coaxial duct, with the first Centre duct and the second outer duct. First inner duct propels the craft and the second duct generates current for the craft. At the center or more double ducts extended through the hull. Small crafts ducts are made from the center to the stern, because the bow is lifted from the body of water when speeding. Manual controller comprising digital waterproof touchscreen display and comprising a smartphone integrated 4G network for navigation, speed and so on. Coaxial automated geared electric machine. Electric piston engine. Hybrid engine. Water jet propulsion by perpendicular intake and exhaust. Dirigible by rudders and propulsion engines and boosters. Reverse thrust jet engine and boosters.

HOUSEBOATS.

[2249] AT LEAST ONE: Floating house. House Boat. Boat house. Small and large boat houses. trailer able houseboat. Electric propelled house boat. Floating artifice constructed on a floating foundation. Concrete float or hull. wooden house on a floating platform. Buoy. Hull. Motorized floating home. Floating houses are in many types forms and shapes and include many features including luxurious floating houses which are manufactured as prefabricated modules under controlled factory conditions. The house modules are made in a dock or transported by vehicle or shipped to the site, lifted onto the pontoon platform, towed to final position, moored and connected to the municipal water, electricity and sewage network. Floating house may float out of the dock and sail to its destination. Floating houses benefit from solar and heat pump technology. Construction is environmentally bullet proof, with no negative impact on the seabed or marine life. Boat house is also made on a boat of wood, or sheet metal, Aluminum, Concrete and rigid plastic, Glass fiber and so on. Comprising water tanks for with fresh water. water pumps. river water pumps. water distillation system. Propane tank or bottle. Septic tank. Combustion engine and generator also driving an alternator or dynamo. Battery pack and inverter system. fuse box electrical connection. Wave electric generator system. Solar panels. Hydro power turbines by means of water wheels. A water rad for propulsion. Screw propeller. More axis operable turbine propeller blade maneuverable 360 degree and two to move 360 degree in any direction in a perfect axis. Floating habitat can include a hydraulic amplifier whereby the small hydraulic chamber is driven by a battery driving the hydraulic piston of the large hydraulic chamber generating several kWh for the electric needs of the floating habitat. which includes wind and hydro turbines. Floating objects have verandas or roofed platform along the deck or upper floors. Comprising a inflatable boat or speed boat with electric outboard motor.

[2250] The invention includes, Boathouses, a structure which stores boats and boating equipment Botel Cabin cruiser. Floating Hospital. . Hotel ship. Hulk (ship). Kettuvallam. Prison ship. Sea steading. Stilt house. Floating houses. House Boats.

[2251] Small and large boat houses. trailer able houseboat. Electric propelled house boat. Floating sustainable Edifice constructed on a floating foundation, Concrete float or hull. wooden house on a floating platform, raft or Buoys. Hull. Motorized floating home. Floating houses are in many types forms and shapes and include many features including luxurious floating houses which are manufactured as prefabricated modules under controlled factory conditions. The house modules are made in a dock or transported by vehicle or shipped to the site, lifted onto the pontoon platform, towed to final position, moored and connected to the municipal water, electricity and sewage network. The Septic toilet and septic tank is provided for house boats.

[2252] Floating house may float out of the dock and sail to its destination. Floating houses benefit from solar and heat pump technology. Construction is environmentally bullet proof, with no negative impact on the seabed or marine life. Boat house is also made on a boat of wood, or sheet metal, Aluminum, Concrete and rigid plastic, Glass fiber and so on. Comprising water tanks for with fresh water. water pumps. river water pumps. water distillation system. Propane tank or bottle. Septic tank. Combustion engine and generator also driving an alternator or dynamo. Battery pack and inverter system. fuse box electrical connection. Wave electric generator system. Solar panels. Hydro power turbines by means of water wheels. A water rad for propulsion. Screw propeller. More axis operable turbine propeller blade maneuverable 360 degree and two to move 360 degree in any direction in a perfect axis. Floating habitat can include a hydraulic amplifier whereby the small hydraulic chamber is driven by a battery driving the hydraulic piston of the large hydraulic chamber generating several kWh for the electric needs of the floating habitat. which includes wind and hydro turbines. Floating objects have verandas or roofed platform along the deck or upper floors. Comprising a inflatable boat or speed boat with electric outboard motor.

[2253] Many houseboats use gasoline-powered generators. The carbon monoxide (CO) exhaust from these generators has caused problems for some houseboat inhabitants. The US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, in tandem with the US National Park Service and the U.S. Coast Guard, performed a number of evaluations on air quality, particularly carbon monoxide levels, on houseboats beginning in August 2000. Since that initial investigation, over 600 boating-related poisonings in the United States have been identified with over 100 of these poisonings resulting in death. Over 250 of the poisonings occurred on houseboats, with more than 200 of these poisonings attributed to generator exhaust alone. Some houseboat and generator manufacturers have begun working with these agencies to evaluate engineering controls to reduce CO concentrations in occupied areas on houseboats.

[2254] The term Yacht was originally referencing to light fast sailing vessels and other transgressors around and into the shallow waters of colonial countries. Yachts differ from other vessels by their leisure purpose. A yacht is any sail or power vessel used for pleasure, cruising or racing. A yacht does not have to have luxury accommodations to be a yacht, in fact, many racing yachts are stripped out vessels with the minimum of accommodations. The term 'sailboat' is sometimes used in America to differentiate sail from a powerboat. See also 'yachting'. There are currently about 6,500 yachts over 24m on the market.

[2255] A hybrid propelled , handcrafted of wood whereby the hull is made of a wooden frame of bend wooden beams in length and transversal beams connected with cutout joints which are glued together with mixed component glue and wood glue, whereon the first layer of timber is laid in longitude on the transversal beams enclosing the hull. The hull is prepared with epoxy whereon a sheet is glued reinforcing the watertight hull and a glue putty is smeared on the entire hull for the second transversal layer provided thereon for reinforcing the hull. A layer of putty is laid and painted. The hull is then lifted suspended with protective bands and coupled with chains and hoists to turn the hull by electric and manual hoists and balanced on wooden blocks having protective rubber. The vessel is then handcrafted from the interior wherein the inner hull a protective layer is smeared and painted. The vessel is hoisted for the Kiel to be mounted under the center hull whereon the hull bores are provided for the Kiel mounting flanges having corresponding boreholes and packing bolted watertight. The rudder is also bolted operable with the transom or made below on the hull after the rotor. The shaft bore is also made where through the shaft is installed including the pitchable propeller rotor, pitched for propulsion or for rotation for generator mode coupled to the rotary electric machine which is electrically mated to the rechargeable battery by insulated electric cables. The drive shaft is mounted in bearings on the inner shaft which consists of a stationary barrel wherein electric wiring is ducked and connected with the pitch system in the rotor hub as elaborated in the chapter of the Helicopter rotor.

{2256 The inner cabins are made below deck wherein the inner components are installed. A kitchen component and dormitory cabin are made. The electric motor also serving as the generator. The rechargeable battery is installed at the center. The water tank is installed at more at the front part. The side deck is laid and glued and attached with temporary glue clamps which are fastened to bind the wood parts to dry the glue. The main mast mounts are installed, the cockpit is hoisted and mounted on deck. The wheel or tiller is mounted and coupled with the rudder, stanchion, and railing is installed at the side deck. The block is provided with and cleats, the centerboard is provided. The vessel is then transported and hoisted by a crane and lowered on the body of water where the main mast is hoisted and installed. The main mast including a boom, the mainsail, the , kicker van, and ropes, an anchor, etc.

[2257] Sailing vessels are of many types from small sailing boats with the mainsail attached to a mast consisting of a crane uphaul, backstay, , the main boom with a connection, etc. A Headsail or with a jibboom attached by a Jibstay etc. These are categorized as: 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7

[2258] Larger nautical sailing vessel consists of more masts and a plurality of sails. specifically refers to a vessel that carries three or more masts with square sails on each. Other large sailing vessels, that are not ship- rigged, maybe more precisely referred to by their sail rig, such as schooner, (also spelled "bark"), , barkentine, . Sailing ships are limited in their maximum size compared to ships with heat engines, so economies of scale are also limited. The heaviest sailing ships (limited to those vessels for which sails were the primary means of propulsion) never exceeded 14,000 tons displacement. Sailing ships are therefore also very limited in the supply capacity of their holds, so they have to plan long voyages carefully to include many stops to take on provisions and, in the days before water markers, fresh water. In 1902 the sailing vessel Preussen was the first to assist handling of sails by making use of steam power without auxiliary engines for propulsion. The steam power was used to drive the winches, hoists, and pumps. A similar ship Kruzenshtern, a very large sailing vessel without mechanical assists, had a crew of 257 men, compared to the Preussen, which required only 48 men.

[2259] There are many types of sailing ships, mostly considered classics, distinguished by their , hull, keel, or number and configuration of masts. There are also many types of smaller not listed here.The following is a list of vessel types, many of which have changed in meaning over time, consisting of: Barque, or bark: at least three masts, fore-and-aft rigged mizzen mast. : at least three masts with all but the foremost fore- and-aft rigged. Blander: a ship or brig with a lug-rigged mizzen sail. Brig: two masts square rigged (may have a on the after most). Biigantine: two masts, with the foremast square-rigged. : small maneuverable ship, rigged. : three or four masted ship, square-rigged forward, lateen- rigged aft. Clipper: a square-rigged merchant ship of the 1840–50s designed for speedy passages. : plank built, one mast, square rigged. : an imprecise term for a small, often ship-rigged vessel. Cutter: Fore-and-aft rigged, single mast with two head sails. : a lateen- rigged merchant or fishing vessel. : large trade ship used by ancient Indonesian and Malaysian people. : a ship-rigged European with a single gun deck, designed for commerce-raiding and reconnaissance. Fishing : cutter-rigged fishing vessel.

[2260] : a Dutch oceangoing merchant vessel, rigged similarly to a . Full-rigged ship: three or more masts, all of them square rigged. Galleon: a large, primarily square-rigged vessel of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Hermaphrodite brig: similar to a brigantine. : a lug-rigged Chinese tradeship. : Russian clinker-built design, for use in Arctic waters. : vessels used by the Vikings, with a single mast and Square sail, also propelled by oars. : vessel with at least two masts, carrying lug sails. Luzzu, traditional Maltese design, double-ended hull. : 's traditional sailing ship. : in the Atlantic, a small oceangoing ship with a narrow stern. Schooner: fore-and-aft rigged sails, with two or more masts, the aftermost mast taller or equal to the height of the forward mast(s). : the largest warship in European , ship-rigged. : a brig carrying a square mainsail and often a spanker on a mast. Tjotter: small Frisian design, flat- bottomed with lee boards Waʻa kaulua: Polynesian double-hulled voyaging canoe : large sailing ship with an iron or for the most part steel hull, built to carry cargo in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. : a Mediterranean warship adapted from a galley, with three lateen-rigged masts. Yacht: a pleasure craft.

[2261] In 2006, automated control had been taken to the point where sails could be operated by one person using a central control unit, DynaRig. The DynaRig technology was first developed in the 1960s in Germany by W. Prolls as a propulsion alternative for commercial ships to prepare for a possible future energy crisis. The technology is a high-tech version of the same type of sail used by the Preussen, the "square-rigger". The main difference is that the yards do not swing around a fixed mast but are rigidly attached to a rotating mast. DynaRig along with extensive computerization was used in the proofofconcept Maltese Falcon to enable it to be sailed with no crew aloft.

[2262] Rigging comprises the system of ropes, cables and chains, which support a sailing ship or sail boat's masts— , including shrouds and —and which adjust the position of the vessel's sails and spars to which they are attached— the , including , braces, sheets, and vangs.

[2263] A rotor ship is a type of ship designed to use the Magnus effect for propulsion. The ship is propelled, at least in part, by large vertical rotors, sometimes known as rotor sails.

[2264] Modern motorized and luxurious yachts are made of lightweight solid state material to reduce drag and energy for propelling the vessel constructed of fibers and new composite material, but a much wider range of materials is used today. Although wood hulls are still in production, the most common construction material is fiberglass, followed by aluminum, steel, carbon fiber, and Ferro cement (rarer because of insurance difficulties). The use of wood has changed and is no longer limited to traditional board-based methods, but also include modern products such as plywood, veneers, skinned balsa and epoxy resins. Wood is mostly used by hobbyists or wooden boat purists when building an individual boat. Apart from materials like carbon fiber and aramid fiber, spruce veneers laminated with epoxy resins have the best weight-to-strength ratios of all boatbuilding materials.

[2265] The invention are also related to Hover boards. Water hover system. Compact foldable bicycle. Electric flying Bicycle. Personal flying vehicle. board. Two wheeled balanced vehicles. Uni-wheel motorcycle balanced motorcycle. Amphibian vehicle. land and airborne. Land and water vehicle. The at least one wheel mounted in the fork comprising the coaxial geared electric generator and an supplement electric machine combined with the coaxial automated geared machine. The Centre fork comprising a metal casing extending on the sides of the fork having a battery pack enclosed in the metal casing and opposing casing comprises electric units electrically connected by insulated wires and an harness. The upper fork comprising a saddle

[2266] The invention relates to Submersible vessels and smaller submersible including personal submersible vehicle which can be enclosed or open for recreational purpose. Submersible vessels are self-sustainable which generates oxygen and electricity and contains greenhouses. With specialized functions such as search-and-rescue missions or undersea cable repair. Submarines and for undersea archaeology. for surveillance, a submarine specifically designed for the purpose of other types of vessels.

SUMMARY

[2267] A submarine is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater which differs from a submersible, having more limited underwater capability. The term most commonly refers to a large, crewed vessel. It is also sometimes used historically or colloquially to refer to remotely operated vehicles and robots, as well as medium-sized or smaller vessels, such as the midget submarine and the wet sub. The noun submarine evolved as a shortened form of submarine boat; by naval tradition, submarines are usually referred to as "boats" rather than as "ships", regardless of their size. Submersible vessels are also made for civilian or military propose. Although experimental submarines had been built before, submarine design of light weight beams a structure having a lighter body then older subs. adopted by Submarines can also be modified to perform more specialized functions such as search-and-rescue missions or undersea cable repair. Submarines are also used in tourism, and for undersea archaeology. civilian submarines, which are used for tourism, exploration, oil and gas platform inspections, and pipeline surveys. Some are also used in illegal activities. having transponder connection and is GPS guided navigating. Sonar detectors, oxygen generating system. Which can also be equipped with an optic fiber spooling out with connected at the back.

[2268] A Perpetual zero emission submersible, as a small vessel designed to operate underwater. Like existing submersibles in embodiment comprising a transparent cockpit of acrylic spherical hull, the spherical haul is mounted on, and around the ballast tanks and outer body is made of solid state composite material, were also located at least one battery bank for propulsion by the electric motors rotating the screws or pump-jets. This is a fully autonomous craft, capable of renewing its own power and breathing air, recharging through hydraulic turbines build in the front of the craft to supplying power to the two main thrusters and two veterans thrusters which enable movement in any direction via joystick controls, a large hatch on top of the thick walled acrylic spherical pressured hull allows easy entry when boarding the craft whereas a submersible is usually supported by a surface vessel, platform, shore team or sometimes a larger submarine. There are many types of submersibles, including both crewed and unscrewed craft, otherwise known as remotely operated vehicles or ROVs. Submersibles have many uses worldwide, such as recovery or underwater videography and more. The Pilot may monitor life support in the hull like remaining oxygen levels, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, refrigerant, temperature, humidity cabin pressure and exterior pressure. And general information such as depth, water alarms, pitch, roll, heading, altitude, position, vertical speed and velocity. Electrical monitoring like voltage, amperage, amp hour capacity, fuel or battery and ground fault condition.

[2269] This is a fully autonomous craft unlike other small submersible. Occupied by at least one person. Small unmanned submersibles, marine remotely operated vehicles, or MROVs can also be perpetual with hydraulic turbines using this same principles and devices. Widely used today to work in water too deep or too dangerous for divers. A submersible can also be equipped with radio controls or Some submersibles operate on a tether or umbilical, remaining connected to a tender a submarine, surface vessel or platform. Submersibles have been able to dive to over 12 km below the surface. supported by a surface vessel, platform, shore team or sometimes a larger submarine. In common usage by the general public, however, the word submarine may be used to describe a craft that is by the technical definition actually a submersible. There are many types of submersibles, including both crewed and unscrewed craft, otherwise known as remotely operated vehicles or ROVs. Submersibles have many uses worldwide, such as oceanography, underwater archaeology, ocean exploration, adventure, equipment maintenance/recovery or underwater videography. The device is equipped with the new gyroscopic controller consisting of a ball and rings. The device are equipped with sensing system of moving parts as well as the craft body in any direction of angle by MEMs gyroscopic sensors. Surface Mount Pressure Sensor, features silicon pressure sensors in surface mount packages. An ultra-small Silicon Fusion Bonded. The ultrasonic flow meter does not contain any moving parts, in the intake and exhaust and causes virtually no pressure loss and can be mounted in any position, requiring no straight inlet or outlet runs.

[2270] NAUTULUS the Submarine includes a fuselage hull of a spatial figure. Watertight interior with passenger Levels, spaces and compartment with a life Support System. internal automated atmospheric pressure. Electric Generators, Climate control, Oxygen generator and electric circulating piping Ensuring the Safety and comfort of the passengers also applied for Small and personal Submarine. Retractable Stabilizer fins. Ballast tanks and pumping system. A Submarine is comprised of a single or double hull pressurized hull with drive motors with extending drive shafts from the rear hull mated with the adjustable H/V drive propellers rotor housed in protective cages or shroud, tillable in all direction with the rotor. Servo driven dive planes and Stern Rudders short Extended center wings with flaps which provide directional control maneuverability and stability speeding at sonar speed. Light weight Li-ion battery packs are provided in the fuselage positioned in protective casings inside the hull. Generator compartments, water tight and seal doors and compartments. Transducer and probes for power supply and battery, External speed sensors. pressure sensor in bar or gauge fins and fin gauge. Oxygen generator by means of electrolyzes from sea water.

[2271] Ballast tank and pumps and valves. Forward and reverse thrust. Ring electric machine silent propeller. Automated computer system. Incompressible Submersible projectile body. rudder servo, Dive plane servo. Drive for motor. Control column. Pulse modulator. Gyroscopic manual controllers for navigation by a pilot. virtual gyroscopic controller on touchscreen. Electrically mated with the automated system for operation. Comprising at least one Hull, Entering doors. Backrest, Leg, Rest, Control. Column, Bow, Rudder, Stern, Drive, Motor, Strut, Propeller Cage, Water Sensor. The Submersible vessel is capable of launching a rocket or missile from the submersible which travels to the surface and ignites the rocket boosters while aligned vertical by the trajectory controller and is airborne, flying to destination to deliver a payload. A pay load is delivered on land on a receiving platform. On sea on the deck of a marine vessel. On airborne vehicles and to a space station located in low orbit or higher to deliver a payload. The submersible can be manned or unmanned automated autonomous vessel and maintains submerge without limitation wherein food is cultivated in agricultural compartments. The Lower hull comprising at least one uniform and tubular duct made of any shape equipped with electric machines with fan blade for inhaling fluid there through creating thrust for propulsion. comprising electric generators which do not require to rotate at the same speed and may rotate at lower speeds for generating electricity for the entire vessels by means of geared electric machines and electronic regulating components, circuits and units. The submarine comprising extendable hydrofoil instead of wings. Hydrofoil stabilize the vessel and is adjustable for navigating therewith. The submersible is equipped with vertical fans for diving without ballast tanks.

[2272] Category of all submersibles including deep diving manned submersibles vehicle. Commercial submersibles. MROV. Personal submersible with spherical glass cockpit and exterior side ballast tanks. Remotely operated underwater vehicle. Semisubmersible. Bathyscaphe. Bathysphere. Diving bell. Diving chamber. Midget submarine. CSS David. Perpetual submersible watercraft. Having ballast tanks and/or vertical axis propulsion. Comprising A cockpit. Inner cabin. Cabin pressure. Oxygen supply and generator. Water supply and generator. Food supply and generator. Sonar radar. Electronic radar. Radio communication transmitter and receiver connecting antenna. Air- conditioning and air filtering system. Manual navigation system. Water jet system. A pair of electric driven angle adjustable screw propeller.

[2273] AT LEAST ONE: Hover board. Water hover system. Compact foldable bicycle. Electric flying Bicycle. Personal flying vehicle. Fly board. Two wheeled balanced vehicle. Uni-wheel motorcycle balanced motorcycle. Amphibian vehicle. land and airborne. Land and water vehicle. The at least one wheel mounted in the fork comprising the coaxial geared electric generator and an supplement electric machine combined with the coaxial automated geared machine. The Centre fork comprising a metal casing extending on the sides of the fork having a battery pack enclosed in the metal casing and opposing casing comprises electric units electrically connected by insulated wires and an harness. The upper fork comprising a saddle

[2274] AT LEAST ONE; Amphibian cruiser comprises an enclosed doom and inner cabin pressure, live support systems and tropical temperature to cruise in all geographical regions and altitude. The airborne and marine cruising city having the same as the larges luxurious cruise ship and more facilities and possibilities. Air borne habitat. Air borne artifice. Flying crafts and vehicles. Airplanes with Electric generating and propulsion motors and engines and turbine generator. Combined horizontal and vertical on the small extending side wings of the airframe. The lower hull of the air frame comprising generators and air passages and electric engines. Hybrid or fully electric including solar generators and backup battery system. Automated system GPS. satellite guided. Autonomous flying system. Manual gyroscopic controls. Combined engine types flying object. Horizontal and vertical trust Jet turbine engines, sonic engine, propeller engine, V-Stoll propeller turbine machine. or jet motor. Propeller blades in a shroud. Ring turbines or fan blades or propeller blades mounted in the shroud supported in at least a pair of U rods wherein mounted movable in bearings and contra piece and electric or hydraulic pistons for tilting the horizontal axis motor. Swiveled intake and Gimbel mounted exhaust nozzle. Hydraulic or electro mechanically, Electric magnetic, pneumatic adjustable actuator, servo and servo controller. Satellite link communication. Remote sensing for lading Radar system. Beacon tracker signal. Zero Emission Perpetual electric aerial and marine cruiser. Having a turtle shape and transparent acryl or glass doom. Made of a large center bowed beam with sub beam and window frames. made of light weight super alloy beams. Beams with lighter inner filling. Lower hull comprising levels and shopping moles etc. The Amphibian cruiser comprises an internal wind turbine generator which is artificial driven and by intake ramps. This device can be applied as backup or as main generator. The generator is made in the lower center deck in an enclosed chamber having at least one large fan forcing air through the closed chamber and turbine rotor blades and exits through the exhaust. The intake can be channeled from the propulsion engines. The Amphibian vehicle comprises hydraulic landing gears which is diploid from the front and rear side hull. The two sonic jet propulsion engines are mounted on upper hull sides which steer the vehicle while navigating on land or on the body of water. The vertical fan blades or propellers can be accelerated to steer the vehicle or tilted in sequence.