VOL. XXIV. No. 3. 25 Cents a Copy. SEPTEMBER. 1922

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.191e MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE and the ra" BULLETIN OF THE PAN -PACIFIC UNION

Hon. Yeh Kung Cho, Minister of Communications in China, and an officer of the Pan-Pacific Union.

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' • ' ' • ' • ' • ' ' ' •i ztlattlAttAtttatts.v Pan-Parifir Tinian Central Offices, Honolulu, Hawaii, at the Ocean's Crossroads. PRESIDENT, HON. WALLACE R. FARRINGTON, Governor of Hawaii. ALEXANDER HUME FORD, Director. DE. FRANK F. BUNKER, Executive Secretary and Treasurer The Pan-Pacific Union, representing the lands about the greatest of oceans, is partly supported by appropriations from Pacific governments. It works chiefly through the calling of conferences, for the greater advancement of, and cooperation among, all the races and peoples of the Pacific. HONORARY PRESIDENTS Warren G. Harding President of the United States William M. Hughes Prime Minister of Australia W. F. Massey Prime Minister of New Zealand Hsu Shih-Chang.... President of China Arthur Meighen Premier of Canada Prince I. Tokugawa President, House of Peers, Tokyo His Majesty, Rama VI King of Siam HONORARY VICE-PRESIDENTS Charles Evans Hughes Secretary of State, U. S. A. Woodrow Wilson Ex-President of United States Dr. L. S. Rowe Director-General Pan-American Union Yeh Rung Cho Minister of Communication, China Leonard Wood Governor-General of the Philippines The Governor-Generals of Alaska and Java. The Premiers of Australian States. John Oliver The Premier of British Columbia The Pan-Pacific Union is incorporated with an International Board of Trustees, representing races and nations of the Pacific. The trustees may be added to or replaced by appointed representatives of the different countries cooperating in the Pan-Pacific Union. The following are the main objects set forth in the charter of the Pan-Pacific Union: 1. To call in conference delegates from all Pacific peoples for the purpose of discussing and furthering the interests common to Pacific nations. 2. To maintain in Hawaii and other Pacific lands bureaus of information and education concerning matters of interest to the people of the Pacific, and to disseminate to the world information of every kind of progress and opportunity in Pacific lands, and to promote the comfort and interests of all visitors. 3. To aid and assist those in all Pacific communities to better understand each other, and to work together for the furtherance of the best interests of the land of their adoption, and, through them, to spread abroad about the Pacific the friendly spirit of inter-racial cooperation. 4. To assist and to aid the different races in lands of the Pacific to cooperate in local fairs, to raise produce, and to create home manufactured goods. 5. To own real estate, erect buildings needed for housing exhibits; provided and maintained by the respective local committees. 6. To maintain a Pan-Pacific Commercial Museum, and Art Gallery. 7. To create dioramas, gather exhibits, books and other Pan-Pacific material of educational or instructive value. 8. To promote and conduct a Pan-Pacific Exposition of the handicrafts of the Pacific peoples, of their works of art, and scenic dioramas of the most beautiful bits of Pacific lands, or illustrating great Pacific industries. 9. To establish and maintain a permanent college and "clearing house" of in- formation (printed and otherwise) concerning the lands, commerce, peoples, and trade opportunities in countries of the Pacific, creating libraries of commercial knowledge, and training men in this commercial knowledge of Pacific lands. 10. To secure the cooperation and support of Federal and State governments, chambers of commerce, city governments, and of individuals. 1 1. To enlist for this work of publicity in behalf of Alaska, the Territory of Hawaii, and the Philippines, Federal aid and financial support, as well as similar co- operation and support from all Pacific governments. 12. To bring all nations and peoples about the Pacific Ocean into closer friendly and commercial contact and relationship. cn- "Ir`V;

Sul-Parifir filiaga3ittr CONDUCTED BY ALEXANDER HUME FORD

Volume XXIV No. 3 CONTENTS FOR SEPTEMBER, 1922

Art Section - - - - - - - - 201 America's Newest Playground - - 217 By L. W. de Fis Norton Selling to the Latin American - - - 221 By Nathaniel Gatecity Australia's Greatness - - - - - - 225 By Hon. Wm. M. Hughes, and Sir Denison Miller Some Philippine Foods - - - - - - 229 By Mrs. Warren D. Smith The Native Hawaiian - - - - - 233 By C. A. Rodgers The Evolution of the New Zealand Press - 237 By Hon. Mark Cohen Seattle the Commercial - - - - 241 By C. A. France The Birds of Midway Island - - - 247 By David Heenan, Jr. Hawaii's Interisland Water Routes - - - - 251 By R. W. Smith Seeing Australia - - - - 255 By John S. Cormack Wrestling in Japan - - - 261 By Fisaku Waseda The Story of Dairen - - - - - 267 By A. C. Wood Steaming Around the Celebes - - - - 271 By Capt. L. H. C. Horsting Coasting British Columbia - - - - 277 By John C. 'Arpin Bulletin of the Pan-Pacific Union - - - - 281 New Series No. 35.

Ofle itt-Parifir Ic agazine Published by ALEXANDER HUME FORD, Honolulu, T. H. Printed by the Ronolulu Star-Bulletin, Ltd. Yearly subscriptions in the United States and possessions, $2.50 in advance. Canada and Mexico, $2.75. For all foreign countries, $3.00. Single copies, 25c. Entered as second -class matter at the Honolulu Postoffice.

Permission is given to publish articles from the Mid-Pacific Magazine In Hawaii every possible stream is used for irrigating sugar cane, and often from the cliffs to the edge of which the cane grows may be seen leaping cascades to the gulches or sea below. Taro root and coconut are the foods of the Hawaiian. Both are beautiful in their growth. When each is reflected in the placid waters of the taro patch there is a vision of loveliness which one finds only in Hawaii.

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Even within the city limits there are water falls, many of them of extreme beauty. Sometimes there are a series of such cascades as seen in this picture, one above the other, extending a mile or more into the higher valleys. Fortunate is the resident in Hawaii who has a banyan tree in his yard. The branches of these trees sometimes spread over an acre and give the greatest protection to hundreds who gather under the great extending arms. In days of old wherever a chief camped fbr the night in his travels a coconut was planted. Here on the coasts of Hawaii two chiefs must have met. A single coconut tree is often met with on the coast of the Hawaiian Islands.

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On all of the Hawaiian Islands splendid mountain trails have been cut and both the visitor and those to the manner born may wander for days afoot or on horseback far up into the mountain regions of the Hawaiian Islands. The Hawaiian small girl is just as fond of her daily swim in the sea as is her brother and ofttimes she excels him in the gentle art of swimming and diving. B=E

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2=8 EDITED BY ALEXANDER HUME FORD Oly ftlib-Pariftr flingazittr OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE PAN-PACIFIC UNION

VOL. XXIV. SEPTEMBER, 1922 No. 3.

Within the crater of Haleakala.

America's Newest Playground By L. W. de VIS-NORTON

HE Cincinnati Post has editorial- and world-famous volcano in its midst. ized as follows : "Your Uncle Sam Of course the parks are in the Hawaiian Thas acquired two new national Islands and your Uncle Sam has been parks. They will make all the white- to some pains to get possession of them." lighted luna and lunatic parks in this The Cincinnati Post, however, has country look like candles beside a high- left the tale half untold for in addition powered searchlight. to the Kilauea and Mauna Loa sections "These two new parks are named on the Island of Hawaii, the Hawaii Kilauea and Mauna Loa and to provide National Park further includes the great sufficient excitement and thrills for the volcano Haleakala on the Island of park picnickers each park has a robust Maui. 217 218 THE MID-PACIFIC

In that it is situated upon two is- world where are mighty forests of aged lands, the Hawaii National Park is koa trees and ohia, interspersed with unique. Its total area is at the present shadowed glades and tree ferns and so time about seventy-five thousand acres, much other pre-historic foliage that one of which the Kilauea-Mauna Loa sec- almost expects to hear the crashing foot- tions account for fifty-six thousand falls of a mastodon ; the sweet and acres, the balance being the Haleakala pleasant country of woodland and open portion. It is anticipated, however, that places where the long-horned cattle a large area to the south of Kilauea graze ; the plover rises with a whir from volcano will now be included and this under one's feet and the blueness of will not only give the park a sea front- space above is filled with the incom- age but will take in a volcanic wonder- parable song of the sky-lark. The coun- land hitherto almost unknown to man. try is strangely akin to the Scottish It would be impossible within the moorland, lacking only the pink and limits of a short article to attempt to purple heather to complete the illusion, give any detailed description of the and yet unique in its rawness of domes wonders of America's newest playground. and hummocks of curling lava under It may safely be said that it is replete whose ledges will be found countless with more wonders than any other spot delicate, gas-blown stalactites. of similar size under the canopy of The foliage is fascinating; the ohia heaven. Within its confines are the trees with their gray-green leaves and largest island mountain mass in creation their wealth of strange blossoms, for all and one of the greatest active volcanoes. the world like crimson paint brushes, Further, it contains not only the most are of endless interest to the visitor ; continuously active and most easily ac- the mongoose scuttles into a hole in the cessible volcano in the world but also rock at our approach ; the native scarlet- the most immense hole on God's foot- breasted birds flit from cover to cover; stool, a hole so great that all the warring a watchful hawk hunts in ever widen- armies in Europe might have met there- ing circles for dinner; and star-like in and have fought out the issue of flowers smile shyly up from every crevice might versus right, still leaving room beside the trail. for the settlement of various other bitter And ever ahead, but slowly drawing disputes nearer home. nearer, is the titanic peak of Mauna The world-famous Kilauea crater is Loa, a mountain fourteen thousand feet the only wide open window in existence high, but yet in the making ; and as we at which the human being may sit in continue up the long ascent and leave perfect safety and watch the wonderful the vegetation behind us, we reach a spectacle of God's greatest scheme of region so wonderful that we are almost world-creation, while close by are in- persuaded we are on another planet. numerable other craters stretching away All our long accustomed ideas of na- in a long line for mile upon mile, some ture's coloring are vanished and we find steaming threateningly, others slumber- ourselves in a land where nothing is na- ing but terribly significant in their si- tural. The peacock-blue pahoehoe flow lence and loneliness and pregnant with emerges from a dull crimson cone and terrific possibilities of future action. slings its mass across a slate-gray plain. And all this is only one minute sec- Vast hills have split open from summit tion of this new playground, for to the to base and from within them have north and west there lies a different roared gigantic fountains of fire and THE MID-PACIFIC 219 incandescent gases, while foam torrents or on foot in three or four hours. One of white-hot rock have torn their way overcomes the last ascent and then with- in deep channels over the granite hard out any warning the whole stupendous regions. Here, too, are pits, wide and spectacle is spread before one's gaze, unprotected, down whose steep sides one for Haleakala is earth's vastest crater. may roll boulders whose arrival at the To state that it is a mile deep and ultimate depths one may never hear. twenty miles around conveys nothing of Here again, are tiny crevices over which its grandeur and awe for everything is one may step with ease but which open dwarfed to our human vision. Those up below into depths that no man has small cones far below us, looking so ever been able to sound. Near the trail small and insignificant, are seven hun- rises a steep cone from whose interior dred feet in height ; that thin black in 1881 poured a river of lava for ten streak of lava which appears to have whole months, coming to an end a flung itself a short distance across the scant mile from the city of Hilo, nearly floor beneath is a flow five miles in fifty miles away. On every side we see length and fifty feet in thickness ; while the monuments and debris of the birth that tiny black shadow no larger than agonies of mother earth and ever there a pencil as we view it from our point are new sights to lure us on while the of vantage is a chasm a hundred yards prospect below widens and widens into in width, leading to the very bowels the blueness and haze of great distance. of the earth. And presently one realizes the .vastness Many able pens have tried and tried of the ascent, for here in the tropics one in vain to describe the glories of the comes to wide snowfields and so to the sunrise as seen from the summit of rim of Mokuaweoweo, Mauna Loa's Haleakala. One man only has succeeded summit crater, a chimney of the greatest in conveying something of these stupen- forge on earth. dous wonders of the battle of the clouds One could spend a month at least far down in the crater as the day ad- within the Kilauea and Mauna Loa sec- vances and the trade wind rises, but tions of the Hawaii National Park. no man living has ever been able to Comfortable hotels are at the service of do full justice to the mighty spectacle the visitor; the roads are good for auto- of the birth of a new day as seen from mobiles and in every direction one may this elevation. Mark Twain wrote : "It walk on foot or ride on horseback. The is the sublimest spectacle of all. I felt climb is bracing and invigorating and like the last man neglected of the judg- cheery good-fellowship always prevails ment, left stranded in mid-heaven, a for- and man has certainly done his utmost gotten relic of a vanished world." to make the most of the beauties and One may descend on horseback into wonders provided by nature. But we this vast bowl and eventually emerge have yet to visit Haleakala section which through a gash in its side to the sea- is reached after a short steamer run coast and then for two days ride along from the city of Hilo. the narrow trail through some of the The ascent of Haleakala is easy to finest scenery on earth, shut in by pre- make. At the present time one may cipitous mountains where the roar of drive in an automobile two-thirds of cascades is ever in one's ears and where the way to the summit, the remainder there is always a riot of flowers and being accomplished either on horseback unaccustomed tropical foliage. 220 THE MID-PACIFIC

The wants of the ',atilt American, including his full-blooded Indian brother, are often simple, but steamers are now beginning to ply the smaller rivers and the locomotive is climbing the mountains. Selling to the

.r.r. t: urrmIlli Latin American

By

NATHANIEL GATECITY

• WO young men came back from the purpose of studying and trying out South America recently after a the market and to determine whether it T successful trip introducing the would pay to assign salesmen to terri- goods of an old-established concern tory there. The house, it may be said, among retail merchants direct in the is going to push its South American cities of Brazil, Argentina and the West business. Coast countries. Their experience was It is necessary to say at the outset, in exceptional, if one is to judge by what order properly to develop the plot of has been written about the difficulties this business-adventure account, that the of selling in South America, so far ex- young men started out with some skep- ceptional that it must be regarded as ticism of the oft-repeated advice that, in somewhat of an adventure in South order to do business successfully in American selling. Not that the young South America one must adopt tactics men took any personal risks. Far from different from those known among busi- it. ness men of all other countries in the Both are college men, one a son of world : that an elaborately ceremonious the founder of the house, both for half courtesy is a sine qua non ; one must a dozen years connected with the execu- never get promptly down to business tive management of the business. One with a South American but must spend had had successful experience in han- day after day in calling with no other dling sales in the West Indies. The trip evident purpose than to pass compli- through South America was made for ments, inquire about the merchant's 221 222 THE MID-PACIFIC family and about a widening circle of "As far as our obserations went, the relatives and acquaintances, and await South American business man is very the time when, in accordance with cus- like every other we ever tried to do toms, the merchant shall himself open business with. They are not easy. They the discussion of the real business of a do not buy without hard convincing. salesman's visit. These young men had Sometimes a man was busy and asked seen a lot of foreign selling—the house us to call again. Some would not see does an extensive business, outside the the goods at all. We went right into country—and they just didn't believe every store we had decided on and asked that merchants anywhere insisted on to see the merchant. When we saw that kind of thing ; hence their adven- him we told him directly what we had ture. come for. We did this with the same "We went without introductions," said desire to please him with ordinary busi- one of them, over a luncheon a few days ness courtesy that we would have exer- ago. "Some weeks before we started a cised if we had been trying to open up a lot of letters were mailed to merchants new territory in some part of the United all over South America, telling them States. The South American merchants that we were about to take the trip, and treated us very much as merchants would that if agreeable we would call upon do in the States. them and exhibit our goods. The names "Generally, they were interested in of these merchants had been picked out seeing our goods. When they saw them from lists and were of people we thought they told us frankly what they thought might be prospective customers. of them for their own trade. That is "We really visited very few of these, fair and usual among all merchants. but whenever we did we found that the "Of course we started out with the merchant remembered the letter and it theory that we would find selling there served as an introduction. When we exactly the same as selling everywhere got to South America we changed our else and I own up to the prejudice. But plan a bit. First thing on reaching a it really seems to me that the difficulties new city we took time to go all about and the peculiarities of South American the place and look over the stores from trade have been exaggerated. South the outside. We would then make up America is far away, and so salesmen a list of the stores we thought would going there may have .thought it a good handle our goods best. Then we called thing, to emphasize their successes and upon bankers and others to whom we account for their failures, to exaggerate had letters, and talked things over with a little the hindrances they had to over- them. come. "We found everywhere somebody will- "I think, too, that men have gone ing to give us good advice. Several down to South America convinced that bankers went so far as to add to our the difficulties would be very great and lists of good storekeepers and to tell have made things harder for themselves. us some to avoid. They keep on hypnotizing themselves on "We started then to call on the mer- that line. chants. We took no introductions, but "I can tell you of an instance of it. occasionally we mentioned the fact that We wanted to have a leading depart- the merchant had been recommended to ment store in a large city handle our us by the banker or by some other in- goods. The man at the head of the fluential man. store is a Spanish gentleman of aris- THE MID-PACIFIC 223

tocratic family connections. He per- back to the gentleman at the head of sonally conducts the management of the things, talked it over with him, and entire establishment. Not a thing is brought him around to our view. He purchased without his approval. That gave directions for the ordering of the isn't regarded as the best kind of man- goods. agement for as large an institution up "I may be greatly mistaken, but it here, but that particular man is able to seemed to me, after many of our ex- do it successfully. periences, that some of our trade ad- "So we had to call on him. We visers have greatly overdone the story spoke of doing so to a man who repre- about the formalities of South American sented a large trade organization in that courtesy. Not that courtesy isn't neces- city, whose business it was to assist sary. If there is any difference between business people from this country. He a merchant in the United States and was sure we could never do anything the South American merchant it is that with that manager. It was impossible the South American may be a bit more even to see him—he was as hard to sensitive to discourtesy and the North approach as a king. He had many times American a bit hardened to it, maybe, tried to reach him through introductions. although I don't see how salesmen could It was a concentrated case of the tradi- get along without courtesy up here. We tional difficulty in doing business in did not attempt any easy familiarities South America. with the merchants we met. We were always respectful. If 'jollying' a pros- "We simply called on the gentleman pective buyer is part of average sales- and saw him without any difficulty. He manship in the United States, perhaps was charmingly courteous. It was a that had better be different in South pleasure, not a difficulty, to do business America, at the start, at least. with him. We told him directly why "I never tried to get South American we had come, he responded directly with opinion about it, but I am sure that they his opinion about the possibilities of the do not demand and very likely do not trade in his establishment. He sum- want the long-drawn-out ceremonies we moned the head of the department that are told are necessary. If the truth carries such goods as ours and directed were known, the South American mer- him to examine our samples. chant is probably greatly mystified and "We succeeded in persuading this de- bored to have men from the United partment head to make a selection for States call on him, hold long parleys, recommendation, but we thought that invite him to entertainment, and drag it the store would do much better with along without coming to business. May- a wider and bigger stock. We went be it is all a comedy of errors." 224 THE MID-PACIFIC

Australia's greatness is not only in her sheep and grain. At Newcastle are the greatest collieries in the Pacific, and here the coal fuel of the Pacific fleets is loaded.

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Australia's Greatness By RIGHT HON. W. M. HUGHES, P. C., K. C., M. P. Prime Minister, Commonwealth of Australia and SIR DENISON MILLER, K. C., M. G. Governor of the Commonwealth Bank of Australia

,.% ,,. A 'Ii HEN over i8,000,000 Americans founders of the Commonwealth had voted at the recent Presidential read, digested and applied the terms of Welection they used the Austral- constitutional law credited to the rare ian ballot. It has become a factor brain of Alexander Hamilton. An so common in its application in the American writer has remarked that "the United States that the average voter, it bonds between the two democracies were may be assumed, attaches little or no constitutional and commercial, rather significance to the term "Australian than sympathetic, until the heroism of Ballot." Australians, however, may be the Anzac troops at Gallipoli aroused permitted to urge the claims that the our admiration." With due appreciation country, from which the great democra- of this graceful recognition of Australian cy accepted its voting system, should be valor, it may be pointed out that the something more than a name in the bond of blood and language has been minds of American citizens. The adop- strong enough to hold the United States tion in the United States of the Aus- to the United Kingdom, and that in our tralian ballot, it is not displeasing to sug- outpost of the British Empire, Austral- gest, could be regarded as a practical ians have realized to the full the sincerity acknowledgment of the fact that the of this mutual regard. The character 225 226 THE MID-PACIFIC of this relationship, from the Australian cy's appeal to youth brought Australia point of view, is indicated in the name across the world to the firing line, and of the barrier between the two countries, from that day no longer could the Com- but even the Pacific Ocean has become monwealth of the Southern Seas be a boundary line rather than an obstruc- classed as an unknown country. Out of tion, now that "swift shuttles of an Em- a population of 5,000,000 Australia en- pire's loom" are moving with ever-in- listed 400,000 men, and left nearly 6o,00o creasing rapidity over the deep sea with the glorious dead. These fighters waterways. Melbourne, Sydney, New- were grandsons and even sons of men castle and Brisbane in Australia with who had crossed the seven seas ; men Panama, San Francisco, Portland and who had cut adrift from old traditions Vancouver in America, are spindles and conventions to face and combat the round which the threads of a cordial hardships of pioneer settlement in a new reciprocity are being woven into a last- country. Thus a nation practically con- ing texture. But trade is not the domi- fined to three generations of life on the nant factor. Ideals common to the two Australian continent, gave its best blood democracies will attain Iruition through unsparingly in the titanic fight for free- other channels. The Pacific, as a factor dom. in international diplomacy, has forced This, we are proud to claim, repre- a close and sympathetic understanding resents Australia's greatness. Statistics between the two countries. At the Peace relating to the mineral and primary Conference the policy of Australia was products of the country stand as evi- that it dare not assent to the islands formerly owned by Germany in the Pa- dence of great material wealth. But cific being retained by the Pariah of Australia's wealth, with unlimited de- Nations. Australia did not desire terri- velopment in sight, is not claimed as the torial aggrandizement, but the Common- Commonwealth's first asset. The men wealth realized the danger of an enemy who fought, and the men and women at the gates of its rich but thinly popu- who were behind these newborn fight- lated country. The exclusion of preda- ers, stand for an ideal, the spirit of tory powers from the islands of the Pa- which represents the true greatness of cific is essential to the safety of Aus- Australia. tralia, and in the United States the risk Though the Commonwealth of Aus- of this ocean becoming a center of inter- tralia has of recent years become better national complications is a problem of known, its potentialities as a pastoral immediate and vital importance. In this and producing country are not yet gen- issue the two democracies have found erally realized. In people this island and are welding their strongest bond of continent has, according to the latest friendship. available figures, only 5,247,019, of Where stands this vast continent of whom about 97 per cent were born in empty spaces—Australia? This fertile either Great Britain, Australia or New but undeveloped country covers an area Zealand. The number of aboriginal na- larger than the United States, and yet tives has shrunk to such an extent that the population is less than the total in- in the more densely populated States habitants of the city of New York. To they are practically negligible, the esti- millions of people of older nations Aus- mated total of full-blooded aboriginals tralia has been too long a terra incog- throughout the Commonwealth being put nita. But the Great War and democra- down at only 6o,000. THE MID- PACIFIC 227

AlthoUgh the number of Australia's to 1920 were purchased by the British inhabitants is so small, its untapped re- government, and also the butter and sources are of such magnitude that it cheese output. Over 300,000p00 pounds could easily support a population 20 of wool have been scoured in Australia times as great. Australia contains an on behalf of the imperial government for area of 1,903,731,840 acres, of which which the sum of £1,216,059 has been 1,741,474,873 acres are still in the hands paid to local scourers. The following is of the Crown. The value of this enor- a summary of the moneys paid to pri- mous tract, with the untold wealth which mary producers in respect of their com- for all time can be produced from it, is modities sold since 1914 by or under incalculable, and the people of Australia control of the commonwealth govern- rightly recognize that they are heirs to ment : one of the freest and richest countries Wool £152,000,000 in the world. Wheat 106,187,000 Owing chiefly to the lack of popula- Metals 41,000,000 tion, coupled with transport difficulties Sugar • 20,570,000 and the distance from the world's mar- Butter and cheese 10,216,995 kets, Australia is a producer of raw Rabbit skins 400,000 materials rather than a manufacturing Jam 1,631,000 nation, and will be until its people have Canned meats and bacon 1,992,000 so increased as to warrant extensive Rabbits 1,260,000 manufacture for local consumption. But Total £335,256,995 as Nature does so much for us in bring- The contract with the imperial gov- ing our products of wool, wheat and ernment for the purchase of the Austra- meat to fruition, so long as we get rea- lian wool clips terminated on June 30, sonably good seasons, the cares of labor 1920. In addition to the price paid to troubles do not mean so much to us as the Australian wool-growers, they are if we depended on manufactures. to receive 5o per cent of the profits de- Australia is one of the world's great- rived from the sale of surplus wool by est producers of wool, and it is perhaps the imperial authorities, but no official interesting to note that the total number intimation of the total amount to be of sheep in the Commonwealth is only credited in this connection can yet be 87,000,000, while statisticians estimate made. The quantity and value of wool that the undeveloped pastoral resources appraised under the control of the Cen- could easily carry another 300,000,000 tral Wool Committee since its inaugura- sheep. Other live stock, according to the tion are as follows : latest available statistics, are as follows : Cattle 12,738,852 Season Net weight lbs. Value Horses 2,528,243 1916-17 358,060,510 25,340,465 Pigs 913,902 1917-18 616,953,022 42,902,277 The class of wool favored is that of 1918-19 652,097,799 45,515,566 the finer grades, the stock being mostly 1919-20 647,052,792 46,138,088 of the merino variety, the improved out- Total 2,274,164,123 £159,896,396 come of the choicest Spanish strains. Over 300,000,000 pounds of wool have During the war many of Australia's been scoured in Australia on behalf of primary products were handled under the imperial government for which the government control, while the whole of sum of £1,216,059 has been paid to local the wool clip and sheepskins from 1916 scourers. 228 THE MID-PACIFIC

The Filipinos inherit the taste of the Spaniard for delicious vegetable foods, so that today in the humblest Filipino village one is at to find food that tempts and satisfies. Some Philippine Foods

By MRS. WARREN D. SMITH

Lw The papaya. islands, scattering the seeds of some of EFORE coming to the Philippines our home vegetables not previously ob- I had heard that for Americans the tainable as well as a better knowledge of B only foods that could be eaten or the cultivation of the plants already here. were safe to eat came from tin cans and As the market in Manila is doubtless that the Filipino lived on rice, fish and the best supplied, both in variety and bananas alone, being too lazy to grow or quality, in the islands here at least one cook any other vegetables or fruits. A can keep house and always have a good vision of Far-Eastern content arises in variety of vegetables and fruits without the American mind when contemplating using any canned goods. Also in direct rice, fish, and bananas as the only neces- proportion as a housekeeper reduces her sities, but not an enviable content when purchases of canned and cold storage one calls to mind the varied diet which goods and increases her purchases in the the American considers so necessary to open market, she reduces her cost of his happiness. living. It is possible to go to market What was my surprise upon visiting and for an expenditure of half a peso, the market soon after my arrival, to find buy enough fruits and vegetables to last a goodly variety of green and fresh a family of four a couple of days at looking things, both fruits and vege- least. tables. As the years have passed, the In the market there are several sec- supply and variety has grown greater as tions patronized by the American trade : the increasing demand for a dietary not the vegetable, fruit, fish, poultry, and taken from cans has stimulated the mar- cereal sections. ket. Another factor in the increased In the poultry section, chickens, ducks, variety has been the many school gar- wild and domestic ; geese, and turkeys dens which have sprung up all over the can be found practically the year round. 229 230 THE MID-PACIFIC

Very often the little rice-bird, squab, and the high cost of living. In the market various game fowls can be purchased as can be found the year round two tubers, well. Among the fish, we have the ubi and gabi, which can be purchased choice in Manila of both fresh water, for less than half a cent each. The ubi brought in from the Laguna region, and is a yam and should be cooked as such. salt water fish. In addition to large fish Gabi, known to English-speaking people for baking and small ones for frying, as taro, is very similar in composition to shrimps, crabs, clams, and prawns can the potato, in reality being slightly more almost always be found. Of course care nutritious ; it is the poi plant of Hawaii. must be taken to buy these all alive. In Gabi, scalloped with a little sprinkling many places, turtles are also a stock in of cheese, cannot be told by the unintiat- trade of the market. Through the ed from potatoes. Owing to the smaller months of the rainy season, frogs, at ten percentage of starch than in potatoes, or fifteen centavos a dozen already they do not mash or cream in as pala- cleaned, can almost always be got early table a form, being slightly gummy. in the day. It seems to be the practice When one is having pork chops for here to cook the whole frog, as the meat dinner one might get a large green is all good and the legs are smaller than papaya for a cent and stew it with the on the frogs at home. juice of one native lime and sugar to In the course of the various seasons, taste. This makes an almost perfect not only can a large percentage of the substitute for apple sauce. familiar home vegetables, such as corn, In the matter of greens, there is an green beans, peas, egg-plant, squash, infinite variety. One native green, pe- beets, tomatoes, etc., be seen but also 2 chai, has a stalk very similar in appear- great array of strange vegetables as ance and taste to celery. This can be well. Many of these new vegetables do mixed with a vegetable salad to advan- not appeal to one at first, principally, I tage. One of the most frequent com- believe, through a lack of knowledge of plaints among Americans is that there is an attractive way to cook them. More no variety for salads. In the vegetable often the native cook can be of no as- line, tomatoes, beets, beans, and cucum- sistance in this matter, as the native bers seem to end the list. At different method is not always the one which the seasons, paco, a species of fern, can be American will find most to his taste. bought—more plentifully further south Many of these vegetables have a strong than in Manila—which, with French taste which can be entirely overcome, dressing, makes an attractive light salad. either by soaking with a little salt before Of course every one knows that the cooking, changing the water two or three heart of the cocoanut bud (ubod) is a times while cooking, or adding a pinch great delicacy for salads but it is seldom of soda. The egg-plant needs salt, the that it can be got except in the prov- native tomato is very acid and needs inces. Bamboo sprouts, already cooked soda, the various native beans, such as and hence only needing a scalding, are the lima bean (patani), the long red almost always obtainable—a chupa (little string bean (sitao), the flat, broad, string less than half a pint) for about a cent. bean (batao) and the asparagus pea This, with a French dressing or mixed (cigarillas), need the water changed with nuts and a mayonnaise, is crisp and several times. nutty in flavor. Another crisp and nutty Irish potatoes at present are all im- salad, either alone with mayonnaise or ported for the market and hence add to used to stuff tomatoes, is sprouted mon- THE MID-PACIFIC 231 go. Mongo is a small bean, about the rieties, differing greatly in taste and used size of Kaffir corn, sold for a cent a in many different ways by the natives. chupa, the cheapest source of proteid in Red rice is a delicacy and is used in the Philippine Islands. Place a handful dulces or sweets. Many of the native of these grains between two blotters and dulces have rice for a foundation. Ma- keep moist. After 36 hours, they will lagquit is another variety with a distinct- have sent out white shoots, an inch and ly different flavor from the ordinary rice. over in length and the kernel will have Used in puddings, it becomes semi-trans- swollen to the size of a small bean, but parent and seems slightly to resemble has not as yet sent out roots. It is now sago. Pinipig, which can only be ready for serving. Sprouted mongo can bought during a short season in the fall, always be bought in the market but it is the puffed rice of the Philippines. is not as crisp, fresh, or uniform as when Placed in a hot pan, it "pops" similarly prepared at home. to puffed rice and served as a breakfast food, especially with ginitan instead of Mongo also makes a highly nutritious the ordinary cream, is very good indeed. and good soup, similar to split-pea soup. In the matter of fruits, the difference It is especially good added to a mutton between the tropical and temperate broth, as the slight amount of tannic fruits is much greater than between any acid in the mongo improves the flavor other class of foods. On a first visit to of the mutton and takes the place of the the vegetable market, one sees many fa- vinegar which is often added to mutton miliar varieties and most of the strange in cooking. ones one is able to classify. But this In this country of canned milks, the is hardly so with the fruits. Even the value of cocoanut as a substitute is often tropical fruits which have become famil- overlooked. The juice pressed from the iar to us through shipment, are unfamil- meat of the cocoanut, called ginitan, is iar here. The bananas are much smaller similar in composition to milk and makes than the big yellow ones shipped from a good substitute in cooking, either the Bahamas, and some of the best ones have green skins when ripe. Some of alone or mixed with canned milk, half the little yellow ones contain so much and half, as the cocoanut flavor may be acid that they leave a steel knife, after a little too strong for some. This, used cutting, almost as black as does a lemon. in making cream soups, especially to- There are more than a dozen kinds in mato; in making cream sauces for the Manila market ; 17 at least in Cebu. vegetables, or as the basis for a custard The orange (narangita) has a green or cornstarch pudding, adds materially skin which peels like the kid-glove or- to the flavor. The meat of the cocoanut ange of the States. Although very juicy from which the juice has been pressed is and sweet, there is a tough skin covering usually wasted here, but this pulp, the sections. The kahel is a fruit simi- mixed with a little sugar and fried in a lar in appearance to the native orange hot iron skillet, great care being neces- but somewhat larger and warty. This is sary not to burn it, is a very excellent much like a grapefruit. The pomolo confection. In Porto Rico this dish is (lucban or suha) is a much larger and known as "polvo de amor" and is very more expensive fruit, also similar to a popular. grape fruit but not as acid or juicy as To many people rice is simply rice. the kahel. Good pineapples are also plen- As a matter of fact, there are many va- tiful for a short season. 232 THE MID-PACIFIC

The native Hawaiian is almost perfectly formed and the children are often beautiful to look upon, both as to face and figure. There arc about 48,000 Hawaiians and part Hawaiians living today.

mum 000000 man., t( "Just fishing."

The Native Hawaiian By C. A. RODGERS.

HEN first introduced to the out- some of which are unquestionably im- side world by Captain Cook's provements, but much of the childish- W discovery, one hundred and ness still remains. If not essentially fifteen years ago, the Hawaiians were, children in character and thought, they like other Pacific islanders, emphatically are, at least, men and women with many children of nature. Over a century of childish characteristics, and are likely intimate contact with representatives of the very best and worst elements in to remain such for a considerable time to come. American and European civilization has rubbed away some of the naturalness If a native undertakes to keep a store, and brought about various changes, he seems to have an almost irresistible 233 234 THE MID-PACIFIC

tendency to regard his receipts as clear With all his limitations and defects, profits, and to disburse the same in however, the Hawaiian is essentially a blissful oblivion of future bills pay- manly fellow, with many excellent able. qualities and a good deal of the natural It must not be supposed, however, gentleman about him. He is naturally that all this is the effect of knavish- brave, generous, hospitable, good tem- ness. The average kanaka in his way pered, and courteous. He is suscept- is about as honest as the generality of ible to good influences, capable of high mankind, but his ideas of finance are and noble aspirations. of the crudest kind. Neither is the It is a noteworthy fact that a stran- native as lazy as is often asserted and ger can travel from one end of the coun- very generally believed. His way of try to the other and never see a native working is somewhat peculiar, being beggar. If a native is hard up, or out spasmodic and in spurts rather than of work, he will live, in the mean time, systematic, but in his own way he does on his more prosperous friends or rela- a deal of hard work, and much of it he tives, and his right to do so is seldom does exceedingly well. The natives fur- denied. It seems to be taken for nish the crews for the entire inter-island granted that those who have shall, if coasting fleet, both steam and sail ; necessary, share with those who have they handle the freight on the wharves, not. In this way many industrious and load and unload all the foreign vessels, steady ones are kept comparatively poor drive most of the drays, and an appre- by the hospitality extended to their ciable proportion of them are me- less fortunate or less provident rela- chanics of various kinds ; but their lack tives. If a native in straits has no of business qualifications compels most relatives of his own to fall back upon, of them to remain as journeymen work- those of his wife will serve his purpose ing for foreign bosses. well, and the claim seems to be gen- They are good sailors, splendid hands erally allowed. in a boat, and especially well suited to A native may sometimes presume the hard labor and irregular hours of overmuch upon the hospitality of those the inter-island coasting service, it he regards as his friends, but will very making, apparently, very little difference seldom ask help of a stranger. A to them when they work, or eat, or curious illustration of native inaccuracy sleep, whether by day or night, so long and mental looseness is found in the as they can work in gangs, where their free and easy way in which they use the gregarious instincts can be gratified, and various words for designating family the spirit of cheerful emulation comes relationships. All the uncles and aunts into play, and provided the necessary are quite commonly spoken of as fath- amount of provender and rest can be ers and mothers ; the cousins, even of be got in somewhere in the twenty-four the second degree, are frequently re- hours. Indeed irregular working and ferred to as brothers and sisters. The living, even when pretty severe, seems unwary foreigner in search of informa- to have rather a charm for these peo- tion on these, and indeed on many other ple. The sustained energy of the subjects, will find, to his disgust, after Anglo-Saxon is not theirs, and the the expenditure of valuable time and steady, plodding methods of the more much labor, that he is the possessor of advanced race are not at all to their a vast and varied fund of misinforma- taste. tion, all imparted to him by people THE MID-PACIFIC 235 who had not the slightest intention of device of some of the ladies of the first deceiving him. The kanaka is an in- missionary company who dame to the teresting study, and in many respects Islands, and so well suited was it to its a pleasing one, but some of his ways intended purpose, that it has held its are, to the accurate and well-ordered place in Hawaiian feminine favor for Yankee mind, rather trying. some seventy years. Underneath this Another thing which you will dis- they wear more or less civilized under- cover, if you have occasion to try the clothing, corsets, skirts, etc., according experiment, is, that you cannof quarrel to the state of the weather, and the with one of these islanders. Though extent to which they may have assimi- generally good-tempered, they will lated foreign fashions. Of late, how- sometimes, particularly if in liquor, ever, they are coming more and more quarrel among themselves, and on such to affect the foreign style of gown, occasions the flow of words is tremen- gathered in or belted at the waist. dous. Ridicule, sarcasm, opprobrious Both sexes still retain their aboriginal epithets, and verbal abuse of all kinds fondness for squatting on the ground pour forth with an energy and a volu- or the floor in preference to sitting on bility enough to take your breath away. chairs. An inherent grace of manner But quarrel with a white man—never ; and a large degree of ready but super- you cannot make a kanaka quarrel with ficial adaptability enables such of them you however hard you may try. He as have had the advantages of an Eng- seems to have an instinctive belief that lish education, some contact with for- the foreigner is shrewder than himself, eign society, and the means to imitate and that if he allows himself to be the same, to combine the two styles of drawn into a dispute with him he will dressing and living, or to pass from get the worst of it. The consequence one to the other with a readiness which is, that if you have occasion to call him is surprising, not to say startling, to a to account for any misconduct, or have stranger. The same Hawaiian lady who a personal dispute of any kind with today may be seen entering your parlor him, instead of answering back he will with the air of a duchess, and handling simply sulk. When he has once as- an elaborate trained dress as if she sumed this attitude you might as well had never worn anything else all her quit. Scolding, abuse, interrogations, life, may be sitting down tomorrow or threats have about as much effect on with her children on the floor around a him as on a side of sole leather. He calabash of poi, and all eating out of simply shuts up like an oyster, and it with their fingers. that is the end of it. Poi is the Hawaiian national dish ; In the matter of dress, the native the native's staff of life. To him it men conform to the foreign styles, at is all that bread is to the German, least in public and when about their potatoes to the Irish, or rice to the business. At home they lapse into an Chinese. When occasion favors, the undress. The ordinary outer dress of Hawaiian can be an omnivorous the women when in public is a garment feeder. Fish, flesh, and fowl, cham- called a holoku. This is a loose gown pagne, fruit cake, whisky, plum pud- with long sleeves gathered on a yoke, ding, ice cream, and gin all meet the and is almost the exact counterpart of approval of his catholic and cosmo- what in the United States would be politan appetite. But however varied called a "Mother-Hubbard." It was a and bountiful the feast, without poi 236 THE MID -PACIFIC it is not complete. With this indis- on his heels as big as saucers, riding pensable article alone, or if with a bit into town with his hatband stuck full of meat or dried fish so much the of ferns and a wreath of roses around better, the native can be quite con- his neck would be regarded as rather tent. Poi is made by pounding up the a queer spectacle. He would feel awk- cooked root of the taro plant—th( ward, and consequently would look arum esculentum of the botanists—with and act so. Not so the Hawaiian. His water, into a thick paste. When sublime unconsciousness of anything in- slightly fermented it has a pleasant, congruous in his appearance enables fruity, acid taste, and not only natives, him to indulge his unperverted taste, but many foreigners, become very and carry off his gorgeous adornments fond of it. It is more nutritious than with entire success. the Irish potato, more digestible than The white foreigners dress and live, the sweet potato, and, for those who in most essential respects, very much can acquire a taste for it, a very acceptable and healthy article of diet. as in their own countries. Linen, duck The more fastidious foreigners eat it and wash goods generally are not as with forks and spoons, but the true much worn by the men as might be ex- and orthodox fashion is to use the pected in this latitude. Flannels and finger. I confess myself to have lived light woolen goods constitute the staple long enough in the Islands to have be- of outer wear, having been found by come a poi-eater. experience to be quite as comfortable From what has been already said and decidedly safer in the matter of it may be inferred that the Hawaiians health than the thinner materials. The have considerable natural taste and dress of the ladies is about what may artistic instinct. This is quite correct. be seen in the summer time in the Their good taste shows itself, for one States. Of course no "mere man" can thing, in their fondness for, and free be expected to go into the details of use of, natural flowers as a material for such matters. He must rest content to personal adornment. The few of them take in and enjoy the general effect who have the means to indulge in such which, of course, is charming. things are fond of diamonds and fine jewelry, but there is none of that fancy Naturally, continuous residence in a for cheap jewelry and tawdry ornamen- climate where there is no winter, only tation which is such a pronounced a somewhat cooler season with more characteristic of the negroes, Indians, rain, has brought about certain changes and some others of the dark-skinned in domestic arrangements and personal races. The Hawaiians' passion in the habits. For instance, most of the houses, way of personal decoration is for flow- even of the better class, have neither ers, which they weave into wreaths and fireplace nor chimney. The domestic garlands with great skill, and with hearth and the family fireside mean which they deck themselves and friends nothing here. They are mere figures freely on all festive occasions. Some of speech borrowed from lands having of the manifestations of this custom entirely different climatic conditions, seem rather quaint to a stranger. A and have no real significance to those Dakota or Montana cowboy with his who have spent all their days where trousers tucked into his boots and spurs such things are not needed. Where the laws are made in New Zealand.

The Evolution of the New Zealand Press By SENATOR MARK COHEN (Fifty-six years a journalist in New Zealand)

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(Concluded) two men who were destined to exercise HE YEAR 1861, when the discov- an enduring influence on the destinies of ery of a payable goldfield in the this still Arcadian village. One was Jul- TPuapeka district by a shepherd ius Vogel, educated in London as a me- named Gabriel Read, after whom the tallurgist, but failing as a digger took up field was named and who received the journalism at Bendigo ; the other, Ben- Government reward of .f i,000, wit- jamin Farjeon, graduate in the univer- nessed an inundation of adventurous sity of the world's experience. Both spirits from Australia; mainly from were of Jewish upraising, but neither Victoria, determined to try their for- was orthodox, and gradually drifted tunes at the newest El Dorado. Many away from the faith of their fathers. of them had exploited the rich placer Vogel joined Cutten in the ownership of fields of California; they had likewise the "Witness" and promptly threw him- worked on the deep leads, but "missed self into the vortex of local politics, the bus" at Bendego, Ballarat, Stawell, ranging himself in opposition to Macan- Chines and on the earlier fields of New drew. Realizing that the time was ripe South. Wales. They earned the soubri- for giving Dunedin the benefit of a daily quet of "New Iniquities," and were the paper, Vogel and Farjeon laid their very antitheses of the "Old Identities," plans accordingly, and on November 15, - the cognomen applied to the original 1861, launched the "Otago Daily Times." British settlers. Among this horde were It speedily became a bright constella- 237 238 THE MID-PACIFIC tion in the firmament of New Zealand as editor initiated a crusade against the journalism, and a beam light of well- "sweating" dens of the tailoring and reasoned, judicially balanced public opin- woolen trades in Dunedin. Aided on ion. In the domain of journalism, as in the platform and in the pulpit by men that of general politics, Vogel had a and women of light and leading, Robert wonderful faculty for selecting strong Stout (now our chief justice, then just men, and during the many years that he beginning to weave the laurel that was controlled the Times' editorial columns to adorn his intellectual brow), Ruther- he was surrounded by a disciplined staff ford Waddell, one of our ablest divines, of capable, earnest and most devoted who had as his congregation thousands writers, most of whom later achieved of people beyond the pale of St. An- distinction in the Senate or attained high drew's Church (Presbyterian) who still positions in the civil service of the continue to read with avidity and profit country. But Vogel, unfortunately, was spiritually those magnificent scholarly a spendthrift, and threw away golden essays from his classic pen and deeply- opportunities of becoming a rich man. stored memory of the writings of Brit- And when he lost his partner, Farj eon, ish and American authors of world-wide who was tempted to embark on the fame. Mr. Fenwick, helped by a band troubled waters of ownership in Eng- of enthusiastic and whole-souled social land, he lost what proved to be a gold reformers, was enabled to gather such a mine when worked by keen business men mass of irrefutable testimony that Par- on sound commercial lines. The "Times" liament was compelled by an outraged passed into the hands of a limited lia- Public Conscience to take prompt meas- bility company, and Vogel was succeed- ures for the eradication of the foul sys- ed in the editorial chair by George B. tem. A royal commission enquired into Barton, a graduate of Sydney Univer- the nefarious business and made drastic sity. Vogel was a ready writer, of in- recommendations for coping with it cisive power, possessing a world of effectively. These soon found their imagination and wonderful fertility of way onto our Statute Book, and the resource, but, oh, what a vile penman ! "sweating" evil, if not killed outright, Even now I recall with a feeling of has ceased to be a menace to the moral real horror the hours of misery which and physical well being of that section as a humble copy holder I put in trying of our workers who were directly con- to decipher those mystifying hieroglyph- cerned. Sanitation on approved princi- ics. Well did the few trusted men of ples is a sine qua non to registration of the companionship earn the extra pay any such factory; our women operatives (one chud) they drew for setting Vo- work shorter hours under better condi- gel's "leaders." But neither the bar- tions and receive higher pay, which is lock nor the Remington had' then been regulated by conciliation councils where thought of. Much signal service to the agreement as to "logs" has been reached Otago community and to the colonists by mutual forbearance ; if not, then the of New Zealand generally was rendered Council of Arbitration performs that by the intrepid advocacy by the "Times" duty; overtime, if needed, must be paid of Social Reform, but on no occasion was for on a higher scale, and the number that duty performed more effectively or of hours have to be sanctioned by an with more generous appreciation than inspector of the Labor Department; a when the paper came into the possession maximum of holidays has been granted of the present Sir George Fenwick, who on the basis of the regulation scale of THE MID-PACIFIC 239 pay ; and the employer can no longer of- push individual virtues right into the fer a "young" person just through her background, and I ask your pardon for apprenticeship term a much reduced having struck such a personal note. In wage, with the alternative of what is a characteristic letter Sir George Pen- commonly called the "sack." Forty-four wick recalls the fact that as far back hours per week of 5Y2 days are the as 1864 he and I, being obliged to leave statutory limitation, but the workers are our schooldays behind us, entered the now urging the Arbitration Council to service of the "Daily Times," he to learn reduce the period to 4o hours, thus pav- the trade of compositor, I to go with the ing the way for a Dominion holiday on publicity department to be a copy holder Saturday. Of course, the employers are to the printer of the Government Ga- in deadly opposition to the proposed in- zette issued from the same office. Those novation, but some industries and busi- were the rollicking, riotous days of the nesses are recognizing the handwriting gold rushes, and every kind of manual on the wall, and the agitation is sure to labor, unskilled as well as skilled, youth- grow in strength and intensity with the ful as well as adult, commanded big coming years. When the time comes money. In the publishing branch besides for Sir George Fenwick to pay the debt dispatching the mail parcels of the of nature his labors as a philanthropist "Daily Times" and "Witness" per the and worker for the betterment of his fel- medium of Cobb's coach, we lads had lows may fittingly be rewarded with this to work overtime on Farj eon's novels. simple epitaph : "I strove with all my He had been styled the Colonial Dick- might to uphold the cause of the weak, ens, and his novels of "Grip" and and I leave it to posterity to say with "Shadows of the Snow" were the popu- what measure of success I performed lar vogue. Encouraged by the greatest my task." And there will not be a of England's novelists of the Victorian worker,—man, woman, or child—in the era, Farjeon betook himself to England, Commonwealth, who will not in reply where he settled permanently, and wrote offer up this heartfelt prayer. "Well many serial stories that found favor in done, faithful servant ; go to your eternal the eyes of the great British reading rest among the blest." public. In the natural run of things, and in I have taken up so much of your time following the sequence of events bearing in detailing the progress of a `few of our on my chosen theme I have now to tell metropolitan newspapers that I have left you something about a newspaper with myself hardly any time whatever to tell the fortunes of which I have been close- you about other journals of first import- ly associated, as office lad, apprentice, ance that have exercised considerable then turning from the mechanical to the sway on our public policies in the past. literary side on account of imperfect At the head of this list I would place eyesight, I successfully climbed every the "Lyttelton Times," the managing di- rung of the journalistic ladder, succeed- rector of which is Mr. Robert Bell, who ing to the editorial chair in 1897 and at San Francisco in 1915 gave valuable retiring from it at the end of 1920, thus assistance in launching the Press of the completing 56 years of continuous ser- World Congress, is the founder of the vice under one firm, and putting up a only School of Journalism that New Zea- record of which I am naturally most land yet possesses, and with the shrewd- proud. I can honestly claim to be a ness and business acumen that so often modest man, wherefore it is necessary to characterizes his fellow countrymen 240 THE MID-PACIFIC

from beyond the Tweed, has been the worth a passing remark that Thomas head and front of several successful en- Culling, who was the first printer, many terprises. In my judgment you have years later established at Mataura done right well in deciding to avail your- (Southland) the largest and best ap- selves of his great experience and well- pointed paper-making establishment in balanced judgment. It is a great pity our Dominion, and also assisted to found that those who guided the destinies of one of the largest wholesale stationery this paper in its earliest years should businesses in New Zealand. When the have obstinately resisted to march with bulk of the Canterbury Pilgrims made the times ; had they done so the chances their, future homes in Christchurch the are that Christchurch, like all the other Lyttelton Times transferred (in 1$63) centres of population, save the capital, its plant to the embryo city, and I would have been content with one morn- learned on searching the historic records ing, one evening, and possibly two of the office that there was a change of weekly newspapers, to the advantage of proprietorship in 1856 when Crosbie the advertiser, and to the exceeding Ward and Christopher Chas. Bowen benefit of the reading public. At one purchased the property for is,000. In time negotiations to that desirable con- 186o Welham Reeves acquired Bowen's summation had progressed so satisfac- interest in the paper. Some comment torily that the goal aimed at was act- on these names and the part their owners ually in sight ; but the mistaken senti- played in shaping the political history of mentality of one of the prime negotia- our country will be made by me later tors who would not sacrifice the title of if an opportunity offers. Offshoots of "Lyttelton Times," completely checked a the "Lyttelton Times" were the "Can- well devised scheme of amalgamation. terbury Times," a well-arranged, finely The "Lyttelton Times" first saw the edited, copiously illustrated family paper light on January II, 1851, and was pub- that paid special attention to agriculture lished at Lyttelton or Port Cooper, the existed from 1865 to May, 1917, to the seaport of the province of Canterbury. general regret of the people of Canter- It was a double foolscap sheet of eight bury, and the "Star" (evening), which pages ; was issued once a week till 1854, when it became a biweekly, so continu- was started in 1868, and on Saturday ing till 1863, and was first issued as a nights enjoys a great vogue on account daily two years later. Its first editor of its reliable and adequate sporting in- was James Edward Fitzgerald, who formation, gathered from all parts of filled that post in an honorary capacity New Zealand, as well as from Australia. for two years, and was relieved in 1854 The first sub-editor of the Lyttelton when Ingram Shrimpton, arrived from Times was Francis Knowles (afterwards England, assumed proprietorship and a canon in the Episcopal Church), to controlled the editorial column. It is whom succeeded C. C. Bowen in 1856. ,r$

Seattle the Commercial

By C. J. FRANCE of "Trans-Pacific"

The newer type of Pacific Ocean liner. cannot be formed by the hand of man S I SIT at my desk looking out become an invaluable natural heritage. over Elliott Bay, that wonderful In formulating a plan of reconstruc- A sheltered harbor on Puget Sound, tion for the nation, the word harbor which was directly responsible for the should rank as high as agriculture, birth of this young, virile city of Seattle transportation, shipping, reclamation, with its 400,000 inhabitants, I cannot water-power, conservation and produc- help thinking that once back in aeons of tion. Yet the development of natural time, when the hot earth was being harbors, as a matter of national policy, welded into its present mold, Mother is an idea which has yet, to use a slang Nature had a great kindly impulse that phrase, to be "put across." The great majority of people living inland have not led her to stretch two giant arms out realized that their business, whether it into the sea, arms of protection of the be agriculture, manufacture or trade, is great trade and commerce that one as much dependent on natural harbors day would seek shelter from the ocean's as it is upon rail or water transporta- power. Here transports of sea and land tion. Even those living on the sea- would find a safe harbor in which to board little realize the importance of interchange the necessities of widely harbors to national welfare. separated peoples. Public opinion built for the United With its 5,000 miles of sea-coast, the States the greatest rail transport system United States has but eight such great in the world. For 50_ years prior to the havens of commerce, and as this country war, America had practically no mer- takes its rightful place as one of the chant marine, largely because it had no greatest trading and commercial na- real public opinion interested in ocean tions, these natural gateways such as transportation, and so our harbors, vital 241 242 THE MID-PACIFIC as they are to every class, are equipped A great city is but a big, complex with antiquated terminals and operated service organization. Its population, its by moss-covered methods, because we industrial and financial strength depend have no public opinion on the impor- on how vital to the world economic tance of harbor development. organism is the service it renders. The Mr. Hurley, former chairman of the fact that 22 out of 25 of the largest Shipping Board, realizing how impor- service organizations are located on great tant to the winning of the war was a natural harbors proves that harbors, new and vital public opinion on shipping, linking land and water transportation. repeatedly exhorted the American people constitute one of the most important to "Think Ships, Talk Ships and Dream forms of service in world economy. Ships." As a result we have today a The eyes of the business world, not merchant marine second in volume of only in the United States, but in Europe. ocean tonnage only to that of the great- Asia, Africa and the islands of the sea, est maritime nation, Great Britain ; but are centered on foreign trade. One can- to make that merchant marine 100 per not sit down to a luncheon with a group cent effective, we must, as a people, of American business men without hear- Think Harbors, Talk Harbors and Dream ing the conversation drifting inevitably to that subject. It is significant, how- Harbors. ever, that they talk of railroads The overwhelming importance of the and ships, foreign exchange, markets. problem may be grasped when it is real- methods of packing, cable facilities and ized that our ships, which we think of credit—but never of harbors or harbor as sailing the high seas, are spending on facilities. an average about twice the time em- Thus New York is today spending ployed in actual voyaging, lying idle in $6,75o,000, for what ? An editorial in our harbors, either waiting berthage- or the New York Journal of Commerce and consuming unnecessary time in loading Commercial Bulletin, March 20, 1920. and unloading at antiquated, inefficient tells the story—a story that might be harbor terminals. duplicated in many other harbor cities. We may further grasp the impor- It says : "In the latest number of the tance of the problem by considering a Scientific American, to be issued today, recent statement made by a member of there is a forcible article by its editor- the Interstate Commerce Commission in-chief, J. Bernard Walker, dealing with that it costs more to handle a ton of this very question and the vast impor- freight from the terminal break-up yards tance of bringing the facilities for han- in New York and to load it on a vessel dling foreign commerce at this port up than it costs • to transport that ton of to date. Referring to plans that have freight from Chicago to New York. been adopted for 12 piers on Staten And New York is not the only offender. Island, for six of which contracts have The full significance of the important already been signed, involving a cost of role which natural harbors play in world $6,738,148, the writer characterizes them economy may be grasped by considering as 'unbelievably out of date.' They will the location of the great cities. Of the be hampered, he says, 'by the same lack 25 largest cities of the world (census of spaciousness which handicaps the 191o), 22 are located at strategic points majority of the existing piers of this connecting continental with ocean trans- city,' for 'no provision is made for portation. running freight cars, either alongside THE MID-PACIFIC 243 the ships or into the sheds, and securing tion. Facing this problem for the first all the economies in time and labor time in a broad way, Seattle adopted the which this arrangement implies.' They modern idea, "If you are going to do are not provided, he declares, with the an important work, specialize on it." modern labor-saving, freight-handling The present is an era of specialization, equipment, which is to be found in and specialists dominate the business, the spacious modern piers of rival ports, professional and commercial world. specifying as examples those of Phil- Grasping this idea as the key to port adelphia, Montreal and Halifax, and _the development, a group of citizens in leading ones of European ports, 'where Seattle prevailed upon the Legislature of intelligence, vision and foresight have the State of Washington to authorize been displayed to a remarkable degree the formation of a new class of munici- in providing up-to-date trans-shipping pal corporations. This new municipal devices, railroad facilities and means of corporation was organized to specialize access for motor vehicles, as well as for on one job, and one job only, namely, sorting and storing of the cargoes of development of port and harbor facil- modern steamers.' " ities in the principal harbors in the state. Reverting to the port of New York, The first of these corporations organ- this authority refers to its typical pier ized was "The Port of Seattle." En- as a long and relatively narrow struc- tirely separate and distinct from the city ture, the details of which are briefly government, it exists with an entity of characterized, and says that anyone en- its own, devoted to public service, its tering these "sheds" will find them thought and attention centered on one crowded with freight, with narrow space subject—development of Seattle's great- down the middle, into and out of which est heritage, its harbor. This public trucks squeeze their way to load or corporation is a business institution pure unload, with a conspicuous absence, both and simple, but it differs from ordinary outside or inside, of "that ingenious private business corporations in one im- freight-handling machinery which is portant particular—it is organized for such a conspicuous feature of the mag- service rather than for profit. nificent municipal docks of Philadelphia and other rival ports on this continent." In this connection the fact cannot be Even if the city authorities, it is said, emphasized too strongly that the limited were alive to the value of this freight- waterfronts in the half dozen or more handling machinery, it could not be used leading natural harbors of the United in such limited space and such great con- States constitute one of the greatest na- gestion. As a consequence of the "ar- tural monopolies in existence. To place chaic methods," a familiar scene is de- these in the hands of private corpora- scribed, which is conspicuous outside the tions, whose main object is, not service, sheds, where the marginal street is but to charge all the traffic will bear, is crowded with teams that often must wait tantamount to committing national eco- for hours for others to get out before nomic hara-kiri. A city such as New they may enter, and sometimes must turn York could better afford to turn Fifth back without obtaining loads or dispos- Avenue over to a private corporation ing of those they have brought. with a privilege of levying toll on all The Port of Seattle has made a con- traffic, than to turn its priceless water- spicuous contribution toward the solution front over to private control for the of this important and fascinating ques- purpose of levying tribute on every ton 244 THE MID-PACIFIC

of freight making connection between row terminals with lack of railroad land and ocean. facilities and storage space, it is in- This is the first cardinal principle teresting to note that the smallest piers which must be written into a construc- constructed by the Port of Seattle are tive plank for harbor development. The larger than the average in other cities. invaluable waterfront must be publicly The outstanding point of interest, how- owned. ever, lies in the two ocean terminals at The second plank, and this to my mind Smith's Cove on Elliott Bay, known as is the greatest contribution made by the Smith's Cove Pier "A" and Smith's Port of Seattle, is public operation for Cove Pier "B." service and not for profit. Most United The former was constructed about States ports have concluded that public four years ago, was then, and is now, ownership of waterfront and terminals the largest ocean terminal of pier con- constructed thereon is essential. In fact, struction in the world. It is one-half this is so definitely settled that few ocean mile long, 310 feet wide, and has loaded terminals of importance have been con- and discharged, at one time, seven ocean structed anywhere in the United States freighters without being subject to se- for ten years past, except by some form vere congestion. This terminal pos- of public agency. Owing to a well es- sesses several notable features : tablished tradition that public operation Approximately four miles of railroad is not as efficient as private control, trackage are located thereon. niost cities have adopted the policy of Freight handling equipment worth leasing publicly owned terminals to several hundred thousand dollars is in- private corporations. The Port of Seat- stalled on the pier, including one of the tle has reversed this policy and has largest gantry cranes to be found on any proved beyond peradventure of doubt pier in the United States, several loco- that public operation of harbor facil- motive cranes, two shear-leg derricks ities may be as efficient as private oper- and numerous electric tractors, trailers, ation. In fact, Seattle believes it has gunny stackers and elevators. One of demonstrated that the former may be the shear-leg derricks has a lift capacity more efficient than the latter. There is of 125 tons, the heaviest lift on any no question that Seattle has demon- commercial pier in the United States. strated that public operation is more It recently loaded six boilers, of a ca- progressive than is private operation, pacity of 55 tons each, directly from flat and less subject to dry rot; more capable cars into the hold of a vessel, in one of adaption to changing conditions and hour and 20 minutes, or an average of to the meeting of new problems. 13 minutes for each. Without such As stated, the first great contribution equipment this task would have taken made by the Port of Seattle to harbor de- at least a day, if it could have been done velopment was a specialized municipal in that time. corporation devoting its attention solely Four miles of railroad trackage, com- to this one problem; the second was public bined with ample space for assembling operation as well as public ownership ; cargo, constitute the great point of ad- the third consisted in the size and char- vantage which makes this terminal prob- acter of its ocean terminals. ably the most economical of any ocean Reverting for a moment to the edi- pier in the world for handling freight, torial in the New York Journal of Com- at the same time giving dispatch in load- merce, which commented on small, nar- ing and unloading cargo not equaled by THE MID-PACIFIC 245 the old style terminals of most ports of nicipality which owns terminals and the country. leases them for private operation. A cargo such as is contained in a This public corporation has also taken freight train of 3% miles must not only a step in advance in construction of be assembled on the dock ready to load waterside warehouses adjacent to the on the steamer, but, before it is placed piers. At each of the Port of Seattle on board, the inbound cargo must be terminals, permanent storage facilities unloaded and placed on the dock to in- are provided. In fact, the Port Com- sure efficient dispatch of the vessel. mission considers that a pier with a This requires a pier large enough to transit shed thereon is only a partial take care of two cargoes at one time unit, and that to be complete it must without congestion. consist of pier and transit shed plus a permanent storage warehouse directly One of the solutions of this problem adjacent thereto. The Port of Seattle of giving quick dispatch to vessels lies warehouse and storage facilities are of in equipment of piers with mechanical most varied character, comprising three handling devices. This has been the large concrete warehouses for dry stor- weakest point of the ocean terminals in age, two large cold storage plants, a the United States. The ports of this i,000,000-bushel bulk grain elevator, and country are 25 years behind those of vegetable oil storage of nearly 2,000,000 Europe in use of cranes and other me- gallons capacity. chanical equipment for loading and un- During last year the Port Commission loading vessels and moving of freight made a new and most interesting de- on piers. parture in its public operation of ocean The Port Commission of Seattle has terminals by establishing a department taken a lead in this respect, and the to sell the Port of Seattle to the shipping piers of the Port District are better and transportation world. equipped with mechanical handling de- The commodity which it sells is "ter- vices than any other terminals in the minal service," and it is realized that in United States. The Port Commission order to sell it, service of the highest has already so invested $7,5oo,000. This type must be offered. Therefore, in con- represents about To per cent of the total nection with this work, the commission investment, including that in piers, tran- has established a statistical department, sit sheds and warehouses. For installa- which deals with a number of problems, tion of proper mechanical handling all looking to increase of service. This equipment large piers are essential. department is based on the Socratic dic- The harbor terminals of the Port of tum, "Know thyself." Seattle possess two important features : In order to obtain such knowledge, ( ) Large, commodious piers with ample statistics have been gathered during the room for assembling cargoes, including past year showing the nature of va- space for storing several hundred rail- rious commodities coming through the way cars and (2) a large amount of port and the amount thereof. Monthly mechanical handling equipment. comparative statements record increase These features demonstrate the point or decrease of commodities passing over that this public corporation has shown the port's terminals and in and out of itself more adaptable, both in construc- its warehouses. Accurate check is also tion and operation of harbor terminals, kept upon the time of loading and un- than the private corporation or the mu- loading vessels of different types, and 246 THE MID-PACIFIC precise data are obtained as to cost per This department, which combines de- ton of handling different kinds of com- velopment of efficiency through accurate modities on the dock and also of un- knowledge of the business, and the sell- loading such from cars. This depart- ing of service through such knowledge, ment is also gathering figures on the is as yet in its infancy, and the com- amount of freight handled per man in a mission plans to extend its work. If given time, such records being kept for this is done, the Port of Seattle will different commodities. Possessing such constitute one of the most accurate figures covering a period of time, it information bureaus on all aspects of will be possible to arrive at what may foreign trade and terminal service to be called a norm for the dispatch of a be found anywhere in the United given ship or vessel or for loading or States. This is another illustration of unloading of a given kind of commodity, the advantage of a specialized municipal enabling those in charge to determine corporation devoting itself to one prob- the efficiency of operations from month lem, that of owning and operating a to month. comprehensive system of ocean termi- Keeping of a chart of increase or nals. decrease of all kinds of commodities, Seattle feels that this public corpora- imported and exported, gives an accurate tion has pointed out the road which monthly barometer of the trade. If the other ports must inevitably follow if chart shows a falling curve on a given they are to render the high national commodity, this is a danger signal lead- and international service which oppor- ing to an inquiry into the cause. tunity offers them. That road is a publicly owned harbor, improved with Although this system has been in the most modern ocean terminals, operation but a short time, such data equipped with mechanical handling de- have resulted in inquiries which have vices, supported by waterside ware- shown that unfavorable freight rates, houses, and owned and operated by a ocean rates or terminal charges have specialized municipal corporation devot- been driving away business, and ma- ing itself exclusively to harbor develop- chinery has immediately been set into ment. The primary aim of such a spe- motion to correct the adverse influence. cialized public corporation must be serv- In connection with this work, repre- ice, not profit. sentatives have been sent to different Seattle has demonstrated that by means shipping centers in the United States, of such a system a constructive pro- and during the last year, these have, on gram of the highest order may be car- two occasions, covered to quite a large ried out. extent the principal exporters and im- When such a system has the support porters through Pacific ports. Repre- of an enthusiastic public, keyed up to sentatives have also been sent to both the realization that a great natural har- the Railroad Administration and the bor is not only the city's greatest asset, Shipping Board and have furnished but also a national and international as- these bodies with comprehensive and set as well, there is no limit to the pos- valuable statistics on the commerce of sibilities of any one of the half dozen the Pacific gateways, particularly that of or more natural seaports of the United Puget Sound. States. Where the sea gull breeds.

Tnigir=canux:rm... D:=1 --3,1Fr.rxErromrioTram...— The Birds of Midway Island By DAVID HEENAN, JR.

AR-AWAY Midway Island has had Probably of all the birds which visit very few visitors in its time. Al- the island, the two species of albatross F though the seat of a Pacific Com- are the most notable and in many mercial Cable company station and cover- respects the most interesting. The bird ed with an abundance of bird life, it re- is an ocean wanderer, returning once a mained for C. A. Reichelt, observer of year to rear its young. The birds are the local weather bureau, to bring back particularly tame in the nesting grounds to Honolulu a collection of the photo- and consequently this trait peculiarly graphs illustrating the myriad forms of exposes them to danger from feather unusual bird life to be found on the out- hunters. In the early part of 191o, post of the Hawaiian group. Prof. W. A. Bryan visited Laysan island 247 248 THE MID-PACIFIC

in the same reservation and found that fered is that it is by way of amusement more than half the colony had been to pass away the time while on shore wiped out of existence by feather hunt- .leave. Albatrosses are not at all ex- ers. The raiders, composed mostly of clusive, it is said, but are always ready Japanese, had landed on the island in to respond to polite attention. If fav- May, 1909, and by the fall of the same ored by a human being they will respond year had slaughtered upwards of 300,000 to the bow in kind, with the greatest birds. Not content with securing the good will and dignity. feathers, the hunters had adopted sin- The eggs of the tern in the nesting gularly cruel methods. One practise 'season are so thick on parts of Midway was to throw the birds after they were island, says Mr. Reichelt, that it is im- caught into an old cistern and there let possible to step without breaking some them slowly starve to death. In this of their eggs in the sand. The birds way the fatty tissue next to the skin are black and white and arrive on Mid- was used up and there was consequently way about March I. For three or four little or no cleaning necessary when the weeks they circle in the air, gradually skins were removed. coming lower and finally land and lay The ravages of the hunters were their eggs. All are gone by the middle stopped in 1910 when 23 poachers were of September. The young are left to arrested and taken to Honolulu together take care of themselves, not even being with the plumages they had captured. taught to fly. The bird lives on fish, One of the features of the albatross catching them by diving or lighting on mentioned above is what is known as the water and seizing the fish in the the "war dance." Prof. Homer R. Dill beak. They have never been seen to describes the dance as follows : fish near shore. "One bird will approach another with The man-of-war hawk or frigate bird an indescribable squeaking sound, bow- is about the size of an eagle, carrying ing all the time. If the other bird feels a wing spread of eight feet. The bird like performing, which is usually the is not web-footed, but flies very high case, he bows in return. They cross and watches other birds fish. Then bills very rapidly several times. Then when the other bird has caught a fish one bird turns its head and lifts one and rises into the air, the frigate bird wing in such a manner that the pri- swoops down, shakes his victim until maries point directly out at the side. he disgorges, and catches the falling In the meantime, the other bird keeps fish before it strikes the water. The up a loud noise that sounds somewhat feathers of this bird are not oiled, so it like the neighing of a horse. The bird cannot afford to get wet. Consequently taking the lead then 'walks around his it turns robber. The young sit up in the partner, stepping high like a negro cake- nest and grow very rapidly. Within walker. This part of the procedure is two months after birth the young birds usually closed by one or both birds point- are flying. ing their beaks straight up in the air, The love bird is a pure white with a rising on their toes, puffing out their black beak and reddish brown eyes. The breasts, and uttering a long drawn bird is very curious. It lives on fish. groan. The same thing is repeated Eggs are laid in the forks of trees, near many times with slight variations." the end of a reef or in fence corners. The reasons for these antics are The young when hatched has claws and not known. The only explanation of- webbed feet and has the faculty of THE MID-PACIFIC 249

hanging on for dear life. It is im- feathers are supposed to resemble a possible to shake a young love bird marlin spike, hence the name. When from its position. The birds get their sitting on eggs, the birds are very tame name from the fact that they always and make a screeching noise as if in travel in pairs, but it is said that if two pain. The few residents of Midway are locked in a cage they will fight until island sometimes pull the two feathers one of them is exhausted. from the bird. The noise stops imme- diately. The boatswain flies only a The gannet is about the size of a short distance at a time. The birds live small duck and is characterized by a on fish, but do not dive. They arrive light green beak, light green fishy eyes, about May i and leave the middle of and a "silly" look. The gannet stays September. the year round on Midway island. The The one wingless bird that is found bird is very curious and sometimes lights on Midway, sometimes called the rail, upon vessels. The older birds dive from is a native of Laysan island. This bird two to three feet under the water after lays its eggs in a tunnel. The birds fish. The young grow very rapidly and always travel in pairs and when sep- within four weeks are indistinguishable arated from its mate or young, the rail from an old bird. begins an incessant chatter. It lives on The boatswain bird is about the size roaches and bugs, digging for its food of a chicken, pure white in color and with its beak. The bird never scratches characterized by a few black feathers for food, and being unable to fly, has on each wing, a red beak, red eyes, developed a good pair of legs. In many and two fine red tail feathers. The red respects the bird resembles a quail.

The flying fish in waters adjacent to Bird Island. 250 THE MID—PACIFIC •• Hawaii's, Iinter-Islandnter-Island Water Routes By R. W. SMITH H

OURING between the islands to ing Ahukini (Kauai) and Kaunakakai the territory of Hawaii is possible (Molokai), passengers and freight are Tall the year round, and one can al- handled between the steamer and the most always be sure of an enjoyable shore landing in surf boats, a sight most steamer trip at any season of the year, interesting and spectacular to the tour- owing to the climatic conditions, which ist. The surf boats are manned by Ha- are charming and beyond description. waiians who have undoubtedly inherited It is for this reason that tourists visit- the instinct of safely guiding the boats ing Honolulu usually avail themselves through the surf from their forefathers, of the pleasure of an inter-island trip who in olden times traveled between the before leaving the territory. islands in open outrigger canoes. In taking these trips, the passenger The most popular trip for visitors is will find that the steamship service be- the one to the volcano, on which pas- tween the islands is equal, and in many sengers are taken to see the world- respects superior, to that found in other renowned volcano of Kilauea on the parts of the world, the modern steamers island of Hawaii, now a part of the of the Inter-Island Steam Navigation Hawaii National Park. Company, Ltd., being noted for their "The Smooth Water Route," rightly cleanliness and comfortable accommo- termed, as the steamer keeps close in dations for passengers. shore under the lee of the intervening The three most important ports in the islands, is made by the steamship Mau- islands, aside from Honolulu, are Hilo, na Kea, leaving Honolulu on Saturday Kahului and Port Allen, situated on the at 3 p. m., touching at Lahaina, Maui, islands of Hawaii, Maui and Kauai re- the same evening, and arriving at Hilo, spectively. The first two named have FIawaii, at 7 a. m., Sunday, passengers docking facilities for steamers engaged reaching the Volcano House before noon. in the inter-island trade. At the other The trip to the crater is made the same landings throughout the group except- evening. Returning to Hilo on Monday 251 252 THE MID-PACIFIC afternoon, the traveler boards the Mau- .0n the day after leaving Honolulu, na Kea, leaving at 4 p. m. and arriving the steamer passes along the Kona coast, at Honolulu Tuesday morning about 7 and one of the principal objects to be o'clock, seen is the historical monument erected Or, if preferred, the traveler can take in memory of Captain Cook, the discov- the Mauna Kea, leaving Honolulu on erer of the islands. Passengers, if they Wednesday at ro a. m. Landings are wish, can land at Kailua in the early morning and ride by automobile through made at Lahaina, also Kawaihae and Mahukona on Hawaii, arriving at Hilo the Kona district to Napoopoo. This is Thursday about 7 a. m. and reaching a beautiful ride through the coffee plan- tations and is always immensely en- the Volcano House before noon. The trip to the crater is made the same joyed by all who take it. The steamer evening. Returning to Hilo Friday is boarded again at Napoopoo the same morning, the traveler boards the Mauna afternoon and on the following morning reaches Honuapo, where passengers for Kea, leaving at ro a. m. • The steamer passes along the windward coast of Ha- the volcano are landed. They arrive at the volcano by noon, remain over night waii, noted for the grandeur of its scen- and leave Hilo the following day by the ery, arriving at Honolulu Saturday morning at 7 o'clock. steamship Mauna Kea, arriving at Ho- nolulu the following morning. Visitors should be urged to spend Parties taking the above trip may more than two days on the island of make arrangements through the Inter- Hawaii, and those desiring to take their Island Steam Navigation Company for automobiles with them will find it a auto transportation from Kailua to Hilo great advantage. Automobiles are land- via the S. Kona and Kau districts and ed at once upon the arrival of the the volcano of Kilauea. This trip takes steamer at Hilo, allowing the traveler to the traveler to many beautiful and his- proceed on the journey uninterrupted. toric places, also across many ancient In order to facilitate stopovers upon and recent lava flows. The trip is un- the island of Hawaii, the tickets of the surpassed for its variety of scenery and Matson Navigation Company and the is enjoyed exceedingly by all who make Inter-Island Steam Navigation Company it, and the Inter-Island Steam Naviga- have been made interchangeable, thus tion Company, Ltd., takes pleasure in enabling travelers to extend their stay recommending it to all visitors. upon the island of Hawaii indefinitely. The Maui trip is usually made in con- This permits those holding round trip nection with the volcano trip, stopover Matson Navigation Company tickets to arrangements being made, giving pas- visit the beautiful and historic west coast sengers ample time to visit Haleakala, of Hawaii, returning to Honolulu by the Iao Valley and other points of interest. Inter-Island Steam Navigation Com- Should one choose to make the trip from pany's steamship Kilauea, West Hawaii. Honolulu to Maui, there are passenger "The Kona Cross Island Route" is steamers going to and from almost every made by the steamship Kilauea, leaving day of the week. Honolulu at noon on Tuesday and Fri- The short Haleakala trip is made by day of each alternate week. This route the steamship Claudine, leaving Hono- is on the lee side of Molokai, Maui and lulu Monday at 5 p. m. and arriving at Hawaii, the trip being made in smooth Kahului Tuesday morning early, whence water. the traveler motors to Olinda and then THE MID-PACIFIC 253

A landing at an unfrequented part of Maui Island. proceeds on foot or horseback to the The more popular trip is by the steam- summit, remaining over night at the ship Kinau, leaving Honolulu Monday rest house and returning to Wailuku at 8 p. m., returning from Nawiliwili, Tuesday morning, visiting Iao Valley Kauai, the following Saturday at 5 in the afternoon and leaving by the p. m., giving one five days on the island. steamship Claudine at 5 p. m. ; or one which allows ample time to visit all may go across the island and join the points of interest. The short trip leav- same steamer at Lahaina at 9 p. m., ar- ing Honolulu Thursday at 8 p. m. al- riving at Honolulu Thursday morning lows two days on the island, which is early. sufficient time to visit Waimea Canyon and beautiful Hanalei Valley. Residents "Kauai, the Garden Isle," should not of Kauai proudly boast of their good escape one's notice, the name itself being roads and a motor trip of 125 miles, suggestive of the beautiful scenery to be which can be made on the two-day trip, found there. The Waimea Canyon has over oiled macadamized roads surround- often been likened to the Grand Canyon ed on both sides with tropical scenery of the Colorado and offers a bounteous and is a pleasure that few forget. reward to those who explore it. A semi- The islands of Molokai and Lanai are weekly service to this island is also the smaller inhabited islands in the Ha- maintained, leaving Honolulu Mondays waiian group. As there are no hotels and Thursdays at 8 p. m. and leaving or accommodations for guests to be had Kauai Tuesdays at 8 p. m. and Satur- on these islands, the tourists making the days at 5 p. m. trip usually remain on board the steam- 254 THE MID-PACIFIC er, going ashore at the various landings commodating all steamers operating in while freight is being discharged. the Pacific. The Inter-Island Steam Navigation The steamship Mikahala leaves Hono- Company, Ltd., owns and operates a lulu Tuesday at 5 p. m., calling at ports fleet of II steamers in the inter-island on the islands of Molokai, Lanai and trade, and also owns and operates the five ports on the lee side of Maui ; re- floating dry dock "Hoolana"—capacity turning, she arrives at Honolulu Satur- 4,500 tons—also the most modern auto- day morning early. matic coaling plant in the Pacific—aver- age storage capacity 8o,000 tons—in con- The harbor of Honolulu is situated on nection with which are two automatic the lee side of the island of Oahu. The conveyor bunker barges with a capacity geographical situation is such that it is of 50o and i,000 tons and a discharge protected at all seasons of the year. The of Too and 200 tons per hour respect- docks are modern in every respect, ac- ively. Kuringai Chase, New South Wales, an arm of the Hawkesbury River.

Seeing Australia By JOHN S. CORMACK Director New South Wales Government Tourist Bureau

sC

HE London of the South," com- proprietor let him away with money in mented the Prince of Wales when his pocket after affording such service. Tspeaking of Sydney. "The best in Helen unblushingly went into raptures 13,000 miles," said Sir Ross Smith from over Sydney's store displays, its art ex- ten thousand feet above The Harbor. hibitions and music. They were travel- Lord Northcliffe remarked, "Sydney is ling Europewards from California, to as beautiful as I had hoped, with a finer give their daughter her first year in the human dignity than I expected." world's school, after her last year in arts Three Americans admitted they lost no at Berkeley. time on the mat when they came to Aus- Delightful days were spent in one-day tralia's Pacific front door. Father and trips from the city. Mother was a bit mother were peeved at first that so few shy of anything that might border on hotels had bed with a bath, but the rubber-necking, but father had heard in former could not understand why the far-off California about New South 255 256 THE MID-PACIFIC

Wales State enterprise and straight away Wales. Those in the Southern High- found his way to the Government Tour- lands, at Yarrangobilly, afford a splendid ist Bureau. He found that on the serv- stop-over for travellers who visit the ice touring motor cars, which daily ran Mount Kosciusko region, where the Gov- to Bulli, Kuringai Chase, Round the ernment has erected one of its several City, etc., seats could be rented at the palatial hotels ; this provides all the com- rate "twenty-five quarters for a century fort and sport of the famous Swiss re- spin," as Helen termed it. He chuckled sorts. It is here that ski-running and as he counted up the difference between open-air ice skating, under the brilliant the hire of an auto in his home state for Australian sun, are indulged in. Kos- such a trip and tbe moderate charge ciusko may be reached from Sydney in made here for such comfort. 16 hours by rail and motor car, and a The self-contained party—as if in week spent in the snows at an expense their own private touring car—in a of about 114. few minutes ran clear of the suburbs Our little party decided to pay a fly- and next traversed the great "National ing visit to Queensland, and made the Park," the extensive national reserve of initial part of the journey by rail to 36,000 acres, lying to the south of Syd- Newcastle, wandering on through the ney, about 15 miles. A few miles fur- coastal lake regions of Myall to the ther on, where the road suddenly runs Manning River. Then by rail and motor along the mountain tops, which fall sheer car to Grafton, where they were again into the sea, the magnificent spectacle of carried by rail to Murwillumbah, 23 miles the Illawarra district dramatically burst from the estuary of the Tweed River, into view. From Sublime Point a pano- and afforded an intimate view of the rama of lush green country—coal mines, rich North Coast lands of New South with attendant side-lines of manufac- Wales. The magnificent scenery from tures—harbors and electrolytic copper the river steamer to Tweed Heads, works—were spread below like a view thence along the Queensland railway to from the nascelle of an aeroplane, and Brisbane, gave a finish to a tourist jour- the individual tastes of our party of ney off the beaten track. three were satisfied to the full. The re- Brisbane, the capital of Queensland, turn journey to Sydney, made by the and the focal point of a railway system lower coast road, provided that alterna- which carries the visitor to innumerable tive route so greatly sought by travellers. districts full of interest, was made head- Another day was spent traversing the quarters for a few days, after which a 70 miles of travel on the Hawkesbury journey along the northern coast of Round Trip, on which every type of con- Queensland inside the Great Barrier veyance is called into requisition as a Reef—that famous coral thread, and one link in the chain. of Australia's most notable attractions— Several days were spent on the Blue was made. For a thousand miles the Mountains and at Jenolan Caves, where ship traversed a sea of glass, so close for the sum of is each, every detail of to the shore that the scented breath of travel, including accommodation and in- the bush penetrated even on board. From spection fees, was provided. The sensa- Cairns a short railway journey brought tions evoked by a visit to these master- the party along the rim of a gorge bear- pieces of Nature are never to be forgot- ing a striking resemblance to the Grand ten. There are several caves systems in Canyon of Colorado, and through which the great limestone belt of New South the Barron River drops, in one fall, 700 THE MID-PACIFIC 257 feet—one of the grandest waterfalls in stay for the night at Lakes Entrance, Australia. By easy stages the party with a nine-hole round of golf at Rigby railed through the back blocks of Queens- Island early next day, then return land, intensely interested in pastoral life, steamer journey to Sale and rail to Mel- and thence over the main rail from Bris- bourne, brought to a close a trip rich in bane to Sydney, traversing the famous scenic beauty. Darling Downs of Queensland, the New Our visitors were not long in finding England district and Hunter River val- out how fortunate the citizens of Mel- ley of New South Wales. bourne are in having as near neighbors The Sydney-Melbourne express train the bush solitudes on the slopes and sum- —particularly the sleeping accommoda- mits of the Dandenong Ranges, lying tion on the New South Wales portion, within thirty miles of the metropolis, and and the noble dining, parlor and obser- easily accessible by frequent trains to the vation cars on the Victorian side, im- railway stations at Upper Ferntree Gul- pressed the visitors almost more than ly and Croydon, whence run motors and anything they had so far encountered. coaches conveying passengers to the lit-. Father thought it was especially thought- tle hill hamlets at Ferny Creek, Sassa- ful of the authorities to make a special fras, Sherbrooke and Olinda, reached via reduced rate for oversea travellers, and "The Gully" station, and Montrose and his growing interest in Government en- Mount Dandenong via Croydon. On terprises took on a decided respect. these hills the visitor breathes the dust- Melbourne, the capital of Victoria and less, germ-free mountain air and in their the present seat of the Commonwealth secluded valleys finds the beauty of shad- Government, has been rightly described ed streams fringed by tree-ferns nestling by more than one eminent visitor as the in the shelter of huge gums. "Paris of the South." Another interesting motor run was It impressed our travellers with its made via the western shores of Port noble thoroughfares and beautiful gar- Phillip, through Clifton Springs, which dens, with its encircling system of rail- offers great attraction by reason of its ways, and splendid roads stretching for valuable mineral waters ; Geelong, long distances from the metropolis. Op- Queenscliff, thence outward through the portunity was taken to make lengthy pretty seaside resorts, Barwon Heads motor journeys, the first along the east- and Anglesea, to the picturesque little ern shores of Port Phillip Bay, through seaside town of Lorne, nestling at the the picturesque little towns of Aspen- foot of the Otway Ranges. dale, Carrum, Frankston, out through No less attractive to our trio than the Mornington to Sorrento, thence to the splendid travelling were the first-class es- shores of Western Port, where Austra- tablishments catering to the comfort of lia's naval squadron was observed at visitors in these beautiful watering practice. places. With a passing glimpse of the beauti- Returning to Melbourne via Warr- ful Phillip Island, the motor was turned nambool, through magnificent agricultur- Melbournewards as far as Dandenong, al country, it seemed as if the whole where the party entrained for Bairnsdale gamut of Australian attractions was to do the Gippsland Lakes. Winding packed into this little corner of the con- down the Mitchell River the traveller en- tinent. ters upon a lacustrine region comparable Victoria. also has its alpine fields, and only to Killarney or the Trossachs. A opportunity was taken to journey via 258 THE MID-PACIFIC

Bright, a distance of 106 miles by rail rama too stupendous to describe. Fur- from Melbourne, from whence the ther to the south the tourist district of ascent to Mount Buffalo with its alpine D'Entrecasteaux Channel and the Huon hotel was made. River, the valley of the Derwent and Time only permitted a few more short Tasman's Peninsula unfold a wealth of runs from Melbourne to the Warburton sightseeing and recuperating country, and Healesville districts, and the popular where several days of pleasure and ben- health resort of Mount Macedon. It was efit were spent. the industrial activities of Melbourne, The lakes of Tasmania, dotting the Ballarat and Bendigo, however, that central plateau, have special charm. aroused the interest of the father, and They are well stocked with fighting fish, he spent many interesting days inspect- and the semi-rarified air seems even pur- ing the factories, while mother and er and more life-giving than in other daughter with a powerful car traversed parts of Australia. Chudleigh and Mole the wide area so easily accessible by Creek Caves were reached by a branch means of Victoria's excellent roads. of the Western railway, and appealed to Tasmania, the island State, is more these lovers of the picturesque, besides English in its climate and landscape than affording in the waters of the vicinity, any portion of the mainland. It is a delights for father with rod and gun. land of mountain, valley, flowing The western coast of Tasmania is streams and lakes. The main tourist rugged and full of scenic interest ; fath- districts radiate from Hobart, the capi- er, whose business took him among the tal in the south, and Launceston on the remarkable tin deposits of Mount Bis- Tamar River in the north. choff and Mount Lyell, mingled great Our trio enjoyed the trip over Bass pleasure with the trip through the rug- Strait, on the swift turbine ship that had ged grandeur of this primeval country. so lately scoured other seas in chase of The seaward approach to Adelaide is the lurking submarine, and thought the worthy of the State of South Australia daylight voyage for 40 miles up the Ta- and its capital. The calm waters of St. mar as fine as a trip up the Hudson. Vincent's Gulf, the level foreshores, give Launceston, the island's second city, is the tourist a mighty range of vision ex- picturesquely situated by reason of the tending back to the Mount Lofty Ranges. proximity of the wonderful Gorge. A The city will stand forever as a tribute few miles further afield, through the to the ability and foresight of Colonel conspicuous mountain peaks, which af- Light, who founded it in 1836. It ranks ford many pleasurable excursions, the high among the cities of the world for traveller catches beautiful glimpses of the modern convenience. Its beautiful en- city. Two days were occupied in saun- vironment, overlooking the rich fertile tering by motor car down the East Coast, plains to the neighboring hills, makes it where fishing and shooting were in- at once a place restful and beautiful. dulged in. From the summit of these hills is afford- Every visitor to Hobart makes a point ed a stupendous panorama of city, plain of ascending Mount Wellington, at and ocean rarely paralleled in the world. whose feet the city is built. From the The excellent roads radiating in several summit, the eye sweeps over ocean, rug- directions, and the intrastate railway, ged coast line, islands, lakes and mag- permit the visitor many days of pleas- nificent country, including the valley of ant journeyings. Charming bays and the Derwent, the whole forming a pano- sandy beaches, which Nature has lavished THE MID-PACIFIC 259 on the coastal environs of all Australian the first port of call for the mail steam- capitals, are here and careful hands have ers. The experience is a complete change assisted the natural beauties. Excellent from the ports of older countries, and communications are available to nearby on the journey either by rail or excellent watering places like Glenelg, Victor Har- motor road to Perth, the capital of the bor and Port Elliott. In .the south-east, State, the new arrival finds absorbing a favorite spot with tourists, are curious interest in the study of the physical fea- caverns amidst typical English scenery. tures of a country, quite unlike that of The whole district is famed for the ex- any other country in the world. He will cellence of its roads, its beautiful well- see at first-hand the effects of environ- stocked fishing streams, and the abund- ment on transplanted Britishers and what ance of good shooting. The party expe- by industry, courage and ingenuity they rienced in Adelaide a particularly restful have accomplished. Passing through and homelike stay. places like Brighton and Cottesloe he South Australia also has its limestone will, for the first time perhaps, observe regions, the Narracoorte Caves being the effect surf-bathing and residence particularly attractive. Australia's great- along the coast line of a continent have est river, the Murray, debouches into the had upon a people, their life, architec- ocean in South Australian waters. The ture and a hundred other phases. It is trip up its broad bosom will satisfy trav- not that Australians are a more pleasure- elers seeking acquaintance with sights loving people than any other, but their and scenes characteristically Australian. country lends itself more than any other The inquirer for information respecting to the full enjoyment of life under ideal scientific irrigation and fruit-growing, conditions. Consequently its cities have the sportsman, or the weary, desirous of no luxurious palaces, mighty hotels or recuperating under most healthful condi- restaurants, though there is quite a per- tions, will find satisfaction as the com- ceptible proportion of people who could fortable paddle-steamer plies its way up- afford to patronize such offerings. They stream past ever-changing scenes. prefer rather to take their amusements and enjoyments more closely along the From Adelaide to Port Augusta the lines of people with moderate income, State railway carried our travelers to the point where the Commonwealth Trans- since Nature has bestowed so much that continental line commences. Here they is free for the taking. entrained for their I400-mile journey to The, trip by steamer on the Swan Riv- Perth, across the "great Australian des- er, from Fremantle to Perth, is no less ert." To their surprise, instead of even notable than perhaps the entry by road an Arizona Desert such as they had been through that great National Reserve, accustomed to on their journeys from King's Park, overlooking the waters of Chicago by the California Limited, they the Swan and Canning Rivers. Here passed over an expanse fascinating by the natural flora has not been interfered -reason of its vast open plains rolling with in any way by careless hands. The away to a circular horizon, as the voy- magnificent red flowering gum, and oth- ager sees in mid-ocean with a shadeless er gorgeous indigenous plants peculiar blaze by day and a brightness by night to Western Australia, may be viewed not seen in moister climates. after a few minutes' walk from the cap- The majority of travelers from Great ital city. Instead of erecting memorials Britain and the Continent make their ac- in marble to the Australian heroes whose quaintance with Australia at Fremantle, tombs lie scattered across the Old World, 260 THE MID-PACIFIC

a perpetual memorial of broad avenues Within a few minutes of the center of of trees has been laid down through this Australian capital cities, one can swim, magnificent reserve. The city also has golf, play cricket, lawn tennis, bowls or many other public gardens, including a attend a race meeting. Under the cir- fine zoological garden. cumstances, therefore, it is not to be The traveler from Perth has a choice wondered that the Australian has devel- of many excursions, notably those by oped the outdoor life to an extraordinary motor into the Darling Ranges to the degree. The hotel accommodation cer- Mundaring Weir, a picturesque spot in tainly does not abound in the super-lux- itself, where the water supply for the uries to be found in the hotel palaces of goldfields is conserved for subsequent America and Europe, but it meets every conveyance for hundreds of miles inland. demand for wholesome life and comfort, Australia is linked to the rest of the and is the outcome of the taste of a world by a service of modern palatial sturdy nation whose virility needs no liners. They come from every point of extolling in this article, and whose peo- the compass, but whichever capital they ple scorn all useless fripperies, leaning touch at first, , the visitor will find a more to the open life than to the exotic Tourist Bureau administered by the Gov- atmosphere of indoor artificialities. ernment, where complete information about the State arrived at will be af- Our little party of three, whose name forded. These are manned by officers is writ on motor tires on every civilized whose knowledge of their country is ex- road in the world, who counted income pert, whose pleasing duty it is to smooth in millions, embarked on the liner that any difficulties for the new arrival and conveyed them from Fremantle outward acquaint him with facilities for travel towards Europe, were amazed to find and the best way to spend his leisure that expenses for transport and accom- time, whether it be for a day or a year. modation totaled only 30/— per head per Many of these Government Tourist Bu- day for their three months' jaunt round reaus, notably that of New South Wales, Australia, and yet they had enjoyed to operate tourist hotels that rank second the full a range of tourist attractions of to none in the world. every kind offered in the world. Wrestling in Japan

By EISAKU WASEDA Of the "Tourist"Staff

RESTLING, or sumo as it is In the Nara period, wrestling contests. named in Japanese, is undoubt- which were known as sumo sechie, were Wedly an important athletic event an annual fixture in the court calendar. in this country. It is the national game Persons distinguished for physical of Japan so far as the masses are con- strength were recruited from the length cerned, though for the student class and and breadth of the country for the occa- the younger generation generally the im- sion, and the function was conducted in ported game of baseball may have a a court garden in the presence of a sov- greater claim to that epithet. Contesting ereign. When the tournament was over, of muscular strength by single combat and the victorious wrestlers amply re- exists in all communities, in their var- warded, these men of strength were dis- ious stages of civilization, but one might tributed all over the country to defend perhaps say that the game has attained the frontiers against barbarian incur- its technic and artistic development in sions. the highest degree in Japan. In sumo This annual event continued for about the repelling brutality which character- four centuries, when the troublous times, izes boxing and which appeals forcibly ushered in by the rivalry of the two op- to the brute in man, is happily absent, posing clans of the Taira and the Mina- and though the high organization and moto, caused the gradual decline and close co-operation which mark the final abolition of the sumo sechie. In American national game, are entirely that stormy period, wrestling ceased to absent from our wrestling, it has, on the be a form of amusement ; it was exer- other hand, beauty and thrill, which are cised only by fighters as practice for suc- comparable to those of a short story, cessful maneuvering when meeting foes compactly and skilfully constructed. in single combat on the field of battle. 26, 262 THE MID-PACIFIC

In the days of the Kamakura shoguns, feudal barons resulted in the enhanced wrestling came to be a regular feature personal decoration of the wrestlers, in a Shinto festival. It was on the pro- thus adding to the picturesqueness of a gram of the annual celebration of the wrestling exhibition. -festival of the Hachiman Shrine, the The official wrestling matches, by the most important festal event in Kama- result of which the graded list of wrest- kura, in the days when it was the mili- lers called banzuke for the following sea- tary capital of Japan. Wrestling con- son is decided upon, are held at Kokugi- tests which form a feature in the annual kan in January and May every year. festival of the Shokonsha, the pantheon The Kokugi-kan, which is situated for war-killed soldiers, are arranged in near the Ryogoku bridge, Tokyo, is a pursuance of this classical custom. big steel-framed structure, its interior The game, however, did not make any forming an amphitheatre, with an um- remarkable progress until the stirring brellalike dome overhead. times when the three famous captains- In former years these official matches Nobunaga, Hideyoshi, and Iyeyasu- were held in a temporary pavilion with- successively took the reins of govern- in the enclosure of the Eko-in, the same ment of Japan into their hands, when Buddhist temple in the grounds of which wrestling began to attract the attention the present Kokugi-kan stands. The dis- of the public. advantages of such an improvised place Wrestling subsequently gained in pop- for wrestling, such as the suspension of ular favor, and a wrestling meet was a performance on a rainy day, were so not infrequently used as a means of col- keenly felt that the building of a perma- lecting funds for the erection of a Budd- nent edifice was planned and executed. hist temple or a Shinto shrine, with The first Kokugi-kan building was com- marked success, we prespme, because pleted in 1909, and the May performance the commercialization of the game imme- of that year was held in that new amphi- diately followed these benefit perform- theatre. This was unfortunately de- ances. Entrepreneurs, who let slip no stroyed by fire. in 1918, and the present opportunity to make money, were structure is a second edition, substan- shrewd enough to see financial possibil- tially after the same pattern as the last. ity in the new form of popular amuse- It cost 1,200,00o yen and has a seating ment. capacity of upwards of 8,000 people. In Edo the first wrestling exhibition A brief description of the interior is was made in the 17th century, and ere here given. The amphitheatre is roofed long the example was followed first by by a gigantic umbrellalike framing with Osaka, the commercial metropolis, and three tiers of galleries encircling stage then by Kyoto, the seat of the imperial seats. On the north side is a gallery for court. Further impetus to a greater distinguished visitors, and below are popularity of the game was given, when chair seats for foreigners. Ordinary in the 18th century it caught the fancy spectators squat in boxes which seat five of the Daimyo. It then became a fash- people, though very uncomfortably be- ion among them to keep fine wrestlers cause of inadequacy of space. for the enjoyment of the game as well A very impressive spectacle is pre- as for the pride of sending successful sented when the amphitheatre is packed contestants to the grand tournaments with people eager to follow an exciting held in Edo twice a year. The active contest of some important pair of wrest- interest in wrestling taken by wealthy lers. A sea of heads with an undercur- THE MID-PACIFIC 263 lent of sympathetic strain unconsciously bolizes force of nature, the ring is com- exerted by spectators for their favorite pared to a miniature cosmos. The wrestlers is heightened in effect by a straw-bale bound circle is the universe ; rather subdued coloring with prevailing the square elevation forming the base red furnished by blankets, which are of the four posts represents the four hung over the front hand-rails fencing quarters, and the posts are the four each box. seasons. The dohyo, or arena, the center of at- High up on the roof are to be seen traction, is not much of a sight. It is full-length photographic portraits of within a rough structure supported by those honorable wrestlers of the high- four round posts, the top being covered est rank, who obtained the best results in with white cotton cloth. The posts are the official exhibitions of January and draped with pieces of cloth of four dif- May every year since the Kokugi-kan ferent colors and red blankets. The was first built. It is worthy of note that east post is draped with green ; the west, the portrait of Tachiyama is repeated with white ; the south, with red ; and the nine times since 1909. This reminds north, with black; in conformity with one that his career in the arena was one the time-honored formula assigned by of unusual brilliancy maintained for a Chinese symbolism. considerable period—considerable, that is, The upper parts of the posts are cov- for the career of a wrestler. His has ered with purple curtains with white de- been an instance singularly rare in the signs, with tassels hung in the middle, annals of wrestling. their color corresponding to that of the Wrestlers are graded according to drapery already mentioned. There are their skill, the grades, arranged in order two - kinds of curtains—those with a de- of merit, being as follows : Yokozuna, sign of zigzag lines and conventionalized Sanyaku, Makunouchi, Nidan, Sandan, cherry-flowers, symbolizing the Army, and Jonokuchi. Names of wrestlers ap- and those with the design of an anchor, pear in this order on the official grade- symbolizing the Navy, and these are list called banzuke, which is compiled used alternately, paying an equal tribute after a careful study of the showing of to these departments of national service. each wrestler in the last season, and is- The arena is sanded and encircled by sued shortly before the commencement a double ring of straw rice-bales. The of a fresh ten-day run of the exhibition. inner ring has a diameter of about 13 A banzuke is so familiar to the public feet—this is the sphere of action of the that it has become a popular formula in contesting wrestlers. The circle enclosed compiling a list of persons showing their between this and the outer ring, which relative merit or importance in any is about a foot wide, is used for the im- sphere of activity, as it enables one to pression in sand of toes when a wrest- note at a glance the place a person oc- ler trespasses outside the limits of the cupies in the department of life in which inner ring, which decides him as beaten. he moves. To each of the grades above This circle is therefore carefully swept enumerated belongs a privilege. For in- after each contest, so that there may be stance, toshiyori, or elder wrestlers, who no confusion in deciphering the imprint do not wear topknots as the regular in case of deciding a very delicate point members of their profession, but dress in umpiring. their heads in the ordinary way, are The symbolism of the wrestling arena elected out of the Makunouchi wrestlers. does not stop here. As if wrestling sym- Wrestlers of the nidan grade are distin- 264 THE MID-PACIFIC guished from others in that grade by The psychological moment of attack the name of jurydori, and they are priv- does not present itself, or it is not availed ileged to use cushions when waiting for of, and the opponents make a weary se- their turns below the arena. ries of unfruitful encounters, called ke- Young wrestlers usually begin their shodachi, in which one makes a serious careers from the bottom and press their attack, but the other cannot see his way way up the ladder. They are picked up to respond to it in earnest. Among the by wrestlers on their professional tours wrestlers of the present day, Genjiyama in the provinces, or come up to the cap- is notorious in this respect. He does not ital to be taken as pupils by wrestlers easily respond to the attack of his oppo- who hail from the same provinces as nent; he waits until he is sure of his theirs, or otherwise decide the choice of advantageous position. In one case, it young aspirants in their selection of is said, that he showed his disinclination masters. to respond as many as twenty-two times In other cases, however, wrestlers take in a single contest. As the wrestlers a short cut in their careers, and appear separate after each keshodachi to brace from the first some way up in the official themselves up by a mouthful of water grade-list. These are those whose skill taken from a pail provided near at hand, has been acknowledged in Osaka, Kyoto, such a repetition of unreturned attacks or any other provincial town, or those means an interval of ennui and irritation who possess enormously developed phy- for many sp'ectators. Some critics, who siques and who have shown themselves pride themselves on their shrewdness in competent in their preliminary training seeing the niceties of wrestling, say that under able wrestlers, whose pupils they they can understand the working of the are. wrestler's mind in his unwillingness to Tall stature is one of the prominent respond to the attack, and that they can characteristics of a wrestler, and cases fully enjoy the oft-repeated keshodachi,_ of wrestlers who measure over six feet though it may bore the uninitiated. are by no means rare, and there is a A few words as to the technique of record of a wrestler who stood seven wrestling. There are 48 traditional feet three. methods of defeating the opponent, the Before an actual encounter begins, the so-called shijuhatte. These are 12 throws, contestants face each other in the arena, 12 lifts, 12 twists, and 12 throws over clap their hands, perhaps to show that the back. The 48 methods, however, they have no unfair aid, nothing but the differ according to authorities. In a sheer merit of strength and skill in the general way all the devices of attack conduct of the tournament. They then may be grouped into two classes—those bow with their fists firmly implanted in in which the opponent is struck out of the sandy bed. In this attitude they wait the ring by wrestling and those in which for the psychological moment for attack. the opponent is forced to touch the sand The instant that moment is perceived and by wrestling. In wrestling fists were seized by one of the contestants and the used in old days as in boxing, but those other responds to it, that instant the um- were replaced by flat hands later on as pire, who squats beside the wrestlers, more humane. draws back his fan. The patrons of the ring are mostly Sometimes a contest is concluded with men, but women, not only of the geisha lightninglike rapidity, but occasionally it class, but also those who stand on a is protracted for a considerable time. higher level of social esteem, are grad- THE MID-PACIFIC 265

ually being attracted to the game, and The wrestling season is a notable the amphitheatre is not without a sprink- feature in the life of the capital. The ling of bright touches afforded by fair heart of an enthusiastic partisan of the lovers of the sport on each day of its game leaps up when the sound of the ten-day performance. drum, taken round by advertising men In the days of the Tokugawa regime, announcing the commencement of the wrestling matches were held several season the following day, re-echoes in times in the presence of a shogun, the the city streets. The newspapers fill most historic occasion being that of the their columns with a detailed description of the matches of the previous day, and Kansei era, when Tanikaze and Ono- at the conclusion of the day's marches gawa were two bright luminaries in the the results are made public by extras- wrestling firmament. The late Emperor "gogai." Groups of men are often seen Meiji had a fancy for the game, and he in front of shops ; they are looking up was present four times at matches spe- at rows of wooden tags indicating the cially arranged and held in the Shiba. scoring for the day, provided by their Detached Palace, or the residences of wrestling-loving masters as a means of some distinguished men. advertising their business.

The greeting of the wrestlers. 266 THE MID-PACIFIC A modern official building in Dairen.

JG TO1=1:111= :Zglini,,=====zunx The Story of Dairen By A. C. WOOD

ROM forty-second place to second Far Away," later to be named again to among the ports of China. That in Dairen, which is the Japanese rendering Fbriefest form is the story of the de- of the Chinese Tailen. Its names have velopment of Dairen since its opening to had almost a prophetic significance. It the trade of the world by treaty with has indeed become a place of great Japan in 1907. Though the development connections, with ships coming to its .of Dairen was then well under way, its splendid harbor from all the corners of whole history from the desolation of an the world, and with the main line of insignificant fishing village dates back the South Manchuria Railway connect- only another decade, to 1898, when the ing it up at Mukden and Changchun Kwantung territory was leased to Russia with other tines which put it in direct for a 25-year term. touch in normal times with the far First called Tailenwan by the Chinese, away metropolises of the West. In the meaning "Great Connection," it was Russian name there was something al- renamed by the Russians, Dalny, "the most prophetic of a less fortunate fu- 267 268 THE MID-PACIFIC

ture, for to those who began its im- electric tram lines, and suburban lines provement with so much energy it connect the city with two seaside re- proved an empty dream. Now many sorts, Hoshigaura and Rokotan. In ad- among the guests of its big hotel, rank- dition to tramways, local transportation ing with the best of the Far East, are is facilitated by public motor-car serv- refugees from their own land which ice, and by many rikishas and bashas. once held sway over this far away place. The bashas are the old Russian droskies The advantage of Dairen, or Dalny, which the Russians abandoned when over the Russian port of Vladivostok they evacuated the city. In the 24 is that the former is ice-free the year hours' interval between the evacuation round, or even at the coldest has so and the occupation by the Japanese, little ice as does not interfere with heavy these were buried by the Chinese, to be shipping, whereas the latter port is ice- resurrected after the war and put into bound three or four months. These service for hire. The telephone, tele- advantages, which thus attracted the graph and postal systems provide better Russians, appealed no less to the Japan- service than do the large cities in Japan, ese when, by virtue of the Portsmouth and recently a wireless telegraph system Treaty in 1905, Japan came into pos- has been installed. Sanitary arrange- session of the 25-year lease of the Kwan- ments have not been overlooked, and tung territory and the railway through the city is well supplied with water Manchuria from Changchun to Dalny, from an underground river three miles its branch lines and all rights and prop- to the southwest, through a system cost- erties attached to it. The original term ing over r,000,000 yen. of this lease was to expire in 1923, but Upon the opening up of Manchuria, it was extended to a total of 99 years, the South Manchuria Railway under- or to 1997, by the Chino-Japanese Treaty took the scientific investigation of the in- of May 25, 1915. digenous products of this rich country When the South Manchuria Railway to determine their greatest possible util- Company was organized in 1906 to take ity. For this purpose the company's over the ceded part of the Chinese general laboratory was established at Eastern, Dairen was made its headquar- Dairen, and here industrial and sanitary ters and southern terminus. Then be- experiments are made for the whole of gan such development by the Japanese South Manchuria, with very satisfactory as has produced a city more beautiful, results, especially in manufacturing soap more imposing and more convenient than from bean oil, paper from kaoliang any in their own Island Empire. In stalks, Chinese spirits from kaoliang the case of Dairen, however, they had grain, lactic oil from the residue from a splendid start given them by the Rus- the distillation of the spirits, glass from sians. The city had been laid out on a silicious earth, pottery from the clay and magnificent plan, which, to a great ex- tussah silk from silkworms which feed tent has been followed by the Japanese. on wild oak. This laboratory also In the center, like the hub of a wheel, makes public and private analyses. is Center Circle with broad tree-lined While Dairen was bound to grow streets radiating from it. anyway, the remarkable expansion of the Dairen has miles of well-paved streets, bean industry has been one of the prin- another thing which sets it off from cipal factors in its development. Ac- most other cities of the Far East. These cording to a recent report by the Dairen streets are traversed for 29 miles by Chamber of Commerce, oil mills in THE MID-PACIFIC 269

Kwantung Leased Territory number 93, no means escaped, but recently has been most of which, of course, are in Dairen. the object of many charges of graft and As a business center, Dairen is the corruption by the people and the papers foremost city of Manchuria, its business of Japan, and its affairs have been the firms including agencies of many well- cause of much parliamentary wrangling. known foreign concerns represented in During 1919 the railway company in- the Far East, as well as the prominent augurated the system of mixed storage Japanese firms. Its importance as a of beans—a new departure in the hand- financial center is attested by the 13 ling of this commodity. Under the new banks operating in the city, and its com- system, beans accepted for deposit by mercial importance by the 6o or more the railway stations are examined by the shipping firms and agencies which have station examiner and graded according been established. Its value as an im- to quality (special, ordinary and infe- portant link in the great chain of pas- rior) and season. A certificate is issued senger service that stretches across Asia to the depositor, which entitles him to is shown in the fact that in one year draw from the mixed storage depot on 277,401 passengers crossed the piers at the Dairen (or Newchwang) wharves Dairen and 9,274,114 passengers passed so many piculs of beans of the same through the railway station. quality and season. The gunny bags The South Manchuria Railway has, of used in packing are also examined for course, been the most important factor in quality (new ; old, first quality ; old, sec- the development of Dairen and South ond quality), and in cases where the Manchuria in general. Its activities grade of bags received and that of the have entered every economic phase of bags delivered is different, the loss or life. Whichever way one turns, "S.M. gain thereon is adjusted by paying to or R." or the company's mark—(This mark collecting from the depositor the differ- is in the form of a monogram of "M" ence in the value of the bags according and a cross-section of a rail, looking to the schedule fixed by the company. like an "I.")—for "Manchuria Rail" meets the eye. There is no diversity of The new system saves the railway the cars such as one sees at the railway sta- trouble of transporting and storing each tions in America—all are S.M.R.'S. The consignor's cargo separately. hotels and hospitals are S.M.R. hotels The railway company, in pursuit of and hospitals. The great Fushun Col- its policy of making Dairen the finest lieries are S.M.R.-operated ; so are the port in the Orient, has been constantly steel works at Anshan. It runs steamers at work improving it. Plans are already . to Shanghai, via Tsingtao, and to Tien- drawn up for its further extension to tsin, and operates all the Dairen Harbor take care of the trade that was increas- works. The cities are lighted with ing by leaps and bounds up until the de- S.M.R. electricity or S.M.R. gas. The pression set in and which may be ex- boys and girls and young men and pected to increase in the same manner young women are educated in S.M.R. when business recovers. Steamers rep- schools, and all, old and young, take resenting all nationalities entering the their outings in S.M.R. parks. It would port of Dairen during 1920 numbered probably be too much to expect such a 2,942, with a total tonnage of 4,864,904 diversity of interests, especially in a tons. As many as 3o steamers, with an new country, to be conducted without aggregate tonnage of 71,800 tons have cause of complaint. The S.M.R. has by been taken care of at the same time. 270 THE MID-PACIFIC

ii At a Celebes landing.

Steaming Around the Celebes By CAPT. L. H. C. HORSTING (Of Sluyter's Staff)

NTER-ISLAND communication is touch with several of the Company's principally in the hands of the Ko- present captains and office employees, I ninklyke Paketvaart Maatschappy so that the "no admittance" to the (Royal Packet Navigation Co.) which bridge was not too strictly enforced has a fleet of about ioo steamers, with when I happened to be on board and headquarters at Batavia, and provides when entering one of the Company's frequent services between the various agencies I usually see a familiar face. well-equipped ports of the Dutch East Therefore, I do not think that I over- Indies. step my authority by writing an article When I state that I have just finished on the said Company. my four and fortieth trip on board of The K. P. M. derives its existence a K. P. M. steamer the reader will from the Island Empire, just as the understand that I am well-informed as Indies of the present day would be regards life on board the Company's impossible without the K. P. M, Both ships. Really I may say that I feel are inseparable and one has to have lived quite at home on board her steamers in the Outer Possessions to understand and may add that I have resided for fully the truth of this statement. In the four years at Sabang where I came in course of this article I shall often have 271 272 THE MID-PACIFIC occasion to prove what the K. P. M. and Singapore, will soon be reserved for means to the remote districts of the the Celebes traffic. Of course this in- Archipelago. crease in the passenger-traffic is caused The period that the Governor-General by the rapid development of Celebes. A van Heutz was in office, when the open- trip with one of those steamers makes ing of the possessions outside of Java one think of a voyage on board a mail- was energetically taken in hand and steamer, at least as far as Menado. which was characterised also by the Then everything changes, and it is extension of the Dutch political power therefore that I chose this Line for a in those, districts, has been of much short description. So let us imagine to influence to the extension of the fleet be passengers on board a mail steamer. of the Company. Therefore I think that It is Monday afternoon. The passen- it would be a very delicate token of gers and their friends assemble at Tan- esteem if one of the Company's ships djong Perak, the harbor of Sourabaya, was named after this Governor-General to go aboard the Molucca steamer. now that he still lives in Holland, al- They have to wait for the "Louise," the though it seems to be the custom not to small boat which keeps up communica- do this before the personality the tion between the coast and the K. P. M. ship is named after is deceased. Al- steamers laying on the road. Steam- though the basis of the Company's ing between numerous large and small business is the carrying-trade, the man- ships the "Louise" takes its course to agement has not omitted to give suffi- the K. P. M. steamer which is ready cient care to the passenger traffic. As to depart. The large number of mail far as equipment is concerned the Com- pouches on board proves that also postal pany's steamers really deserve to be traffic between Celebes and Java is very praised. important. In the following paragraphs I will On board the Molucca-steamer it is give a description of a trip I made quite a bustle. Leaving Java, and going around the Isle of Celebes with Line to the Outer Possessions, awakens with No. i8 from Sourabaya to Makassar many families, and especially for those and from there on via Menado through who were born and raised in Java, a the Tomini Bay to Posso and further similar feeling as when a European by Line 21 from Gorontalo along the leaves his mother country to sail for east coast back to Macassar. I will also the tropics. In fact, when the whistle, avail myself of the occasion to give of the "Louise" warns that the steamer an idea of life on board for the pas- is about to leave and the passenger's senger-loafer as well as the work for friends make ready to board again the the seaman-worker, besides describing small tug-boat one often sees similar the different places the steamer calls at. scenes of farewell like those to be seen Although Sourabaya is not situated when a large mail steamer leaves Rot- in Celebes a trip round latter island terdam or Amsterdam. always starts here. Passenger traffic At first the steamer passes through between Celebes and Java increases the Straits of Madoera, situated be- every year so much so that the K. P. M. tween Java and the Isle of Madoera. was forced to lay in a more modern And although the coast of latter island steamer and if I am well-informed the is not very alluring at sight, this is S. S. "Rumphius," which plies now quite different when one looks in the with the "Melchior Treub" between Java opposite direction where the numerous THE MID-PACIFIC 273 and lofty volcanos of East Java are a extent. A system of roads was traced pleasure to the eye. and constructed, whilst the first railroad But especially when looking backward, is at present in course of construction. in a westerly direction, the view is often Private enterprise was supported, and very alluring, especially just before and social conditions were established. during the sunsets. Soon darkness It is really a pleasure then to walk comes. Near the pilot ship the pilot is along the shaded lanes of tamarind trees. dropped and from his little boat he hails And as the steamer usually stays here us a last farewell on our trip over the a few days before continuing the voyage, tropical seas. That first night almost all trips may be made in the neighborhood, the passengers assemble in the dining for instance to the Falls near Banti- room, except of course those who • are moeroen, to the salt fields, and to Tello, to such an extent afraid of being sea- through the native villages, where one sick that they lock themselves up from may see the weaving of the well-known the very start of the voyage in their Macassar kain. cabin. Next morning land is nowhere This trip takes about 3o hours under to be seen but as the trip to Macassar normal conditions. Balikpapan is the takes only 4o hours the following day oil town of the Indies and certainly the Peak of Bonthain comes into view merits a visit. The entrance from the very early in the morning, and soon also sea is very beautiful. In the back- the coastline of Celebes is discernible. ground, far away in the distance rises We pass numerous sailing vessels, which a cone shaped mountain top, whilst the also point to the nearness of a port. coast itself shows a rather high but flat The steamer then follows the coastline ridge of hills. The steamer turns into and a few white buildings and the light- the bay and the town of Balikpapan lays house come into view. In the road of right in front. The town has been built Macassar lay a few naval and govern- against the hills, only the factories hav- ment steamers, whilst several K. P. M. ing been built at the tatter's feet on flat steamers are moored along the wharves. ground. When it became necessary to Macassar is a very busy port for the extend the town a road was hewn in the traffic in the eastern part of the Archi- mountain, on which the light house was pelago. It has also direct communica- built, to communicate with a flat part tion with the world-traffic so that sev- along the coast where a new European eral cargo steamers of different steam- quarter arose. Communication between ship lines call here. Therefore it be- the different parts of this extensive, came necessary to extend the harbor- long-drawn town is by means of a small works which was partially done by the street car while there are also a large constructing of the Juliana quay which number of taxis available. meant a considerable extension of the For those who stay on 'board it is total length of the waterfront, -so that very interesting to watch the bustle now the ships need not stay on the along the quay. With a small gauge road. railway tins of oil are carried to the Macassar is the most important and ship, where they are passed from hand the largest town in the Isle of Celebes. to hand by numbers of Klings until they Here resides the Governor of the Island. are at last deposited in the hold. And it is especially due to the former Balikpapan is the only place in Bor- Governor, Mr. W. Fryling, that the neo where the steamers of Line 18 call. Island has of late developed to such an A 14 hours trip brings us back to the 274 THE MID-PACIFIC coast of Celebes in the beautiful Gulf impossible, so that loading and un- of Paloe, at the entrance of which the loading has to take place at Amoerang town of Donggola is situated. This or Kema on the east coast. place has a reputation for its beautiful From the steamer one gets a beau- kains, which are naturally also offered tiful view of the cone-shaped volcano for sale on board the steamer when en- Klabat, which body rises majestically tering the Gulf. Here we get a full in the early morning hours sharply de- impression of Celebes' mountains. We fined against the blue sky. When the see inland ridge behind ridge with high sun sets this volcano seems to be cov- summits, reaching to 3000 meters above ered with a reddish gold shine, whilst sea level. After Donggola the steamer in the background the volcanic Isle of follows a route parallel to the coast and. Menado Toewa is plainly discernible we have a continuous view of these against the carmine horizon. mountains. The steamers stay here at least two It seems as if we are sailing in a lake days, so there is every opportunity to along a thickly forested, but very thinly make a trip to the mountains, right populated country. Here and there are through the Minahassa. In a former a few houses with coconut plantings. issue of "Sluyters' Monthly" I have al- After "Stroomenkaap," the steamer ready given an account of such a trip. changes its course ; we pass Paleleh, a Usually the boat is rather crowded gold mine situated high up in the moun- with passengers until Menado. In fact, tains; a short stop is made at Tang, from Sourabaya to Macassar all berths also situated in a beautiful bay ; near have usually been taken ; many people Kwadang a stop is made to drop the connected with the oil business travel mail for Gorontalo which is sent on as far as Balikpapan, whilst officials on overland. After Kwadang comes Am- a tour of inspection usually stay on oerang, the first place in the Minahassa. board till Menado. The Bay of Amoerang is very deep, The departure of a boat of Line 18 so that the ship is moored on the land. from Menado to Java gives also quite But the bay is protected on all sides a bustle. Smiling Menado ladies see and offers a better port than the road of their friends on board, prahou after Menado. prahou carry passengers on board, and Here the passengers receive imme- almost all of them are dressed at their ditely an impression of the land and very best. From Menado to Gorontalo people of the Minahassa. The neatness may still be considered as a regular in clothing as well as houses is striking. route. The steamer calls at the gold The prahous which board the ship are mine Totok and at Djiko, the harbor of filled with Menadonese of both sexes, the Empire of Bolongan Mongondow. who come to receive their relations A road connects Djiko with Bolaong amongst the passengers or the crew. on the' west coast, so that the products Another four hours and Menado is from that district can be transported to reached, which is the end of the trip the coast. Gorontalo is a very nice for many of the passengers. looking town, situated at a short dis- The road of Menado is ill-famed for tance from the coast and connected with the sudden "barats" from November to the latter through a charming shaded March, which is a kind of storm from road. The entrance from the sea is the west, which makes all communica- beautiful, the steamer passing the re- tion between the ships and the coast ceding mountains which come very close THE MID-PACIFIC 275 together anchoring at a short distance Work goes steadily on, as it is im- from the river mouth. Between the possible to navigate at night, light and mountain ridges lays the river valley, marine maps lacking. Before darkness in the foreground the fresh greenish comes the steamer has to leave. That hues of the delta and in the distance are saves time and next morning the work the faint outlines of the blue moun- may begin again at another place. The tains, which seem to hover above the Badjos and Buginese coolies who have deeper green of the coconut plantings. come along from Macassar, now come After Gorontalo the character of the into their own. Everything has to be trip changes. European passengers are done with the ship's own force, the rare and Chinese and native traders take whole crew is in action and it is a con- their place in the second class. Now the tinual hustle and bustle. search for cargo starts, and the most Everywhere the scenery is beautiful. remote places are called at. Full of Striking are the different hues on the hope the captain enters a bay. Will water. The backpart of the ship also there be cargo? A native pilot with shows a colorful picture. Groups of knowledge of local navigation takes the native women and children have squatted ship into all kinds of places. Poles down there, and it is like a scene of above the water show the places to be immigrants especially striking by their avoided, and in the clear water one can many colored appearance. often see the rocks and reefs. Loading rattan, wood, damar, copra The crew is continually busy now. and unloading rice, the steamers of Line Sometimes three places are called at in i8 ply the Bay to return via Parigi and one day, and the loading boats and the Posso to Gorontalo. Then from Gor- motor boat possessed by the ship prove ontalo to Menado the cargo boat be- now that they are indispensable. They comes again passenger steamer. In the Bay there live no Europeans, are not entirely hauled aboard as they except two controllers' families. For may have to be used within a few hours. As soon as the steamer anchors the them the arrival of a boat means a few days of European life. To them the Second Mate goes ashore with the steamer brings news from their relations motor boat tugging the loading boats behind. The traders conclude their busi- and friends, a diversion in their monot- ness rapidly, as soon as the shippers onous existence and sometimes help come alongside the ship. Sometimes the when they are sick. One has to have results are small, only a few tenths of lived himself in such outposts to under- picols of copra are shipped. It is pos- stand what a K. P. M. steamer means to sible also the expectations may be sur- those forlorn creatures. passed sometimes and then the captain At Posso I had to leave the "van and officers smile with satisfaction. The Cloon" to go overland to Kolone Dale. company has no agents here so the ship This trip I will describe separately in a itself is agent. Puffing heavily the next issue of this paper and also an motorboat tugs the cargo to the ship, account of a voyage per steamer of the machines groan and the splendid Line 21 to complete the 'tour round blocks of ebony disappear in the hold. Celebes. 276 THE MID-PACIFIC An industry of British Columbia.

Coasting British Columbia By JOHN C. TURPIN

OME- for a two weeks' voyage ing mountain gorges, spouting monsters along the west coast of British and sea whelps—away to the north a CColumbia to Alaska. Free from thousand miles, almost, to mix with the the cares and conventionalities of every icebergs that once floated under the sov- day life, and breathing the very air of ereignty of the Czar of all the Russians, heaven itself, you burst, like the An- but now drop peacefully from ancient cient Mariner, into an unknown sea filled glaciers over which the American eagle with untold beauties, and sail over a holds watchful guard—a continuous pan- bosom of waters unruffled as glass ; orama in which the purest, the rarest, among myriads of islands ; through deep, the wildest, the most beautiful, and the rugged, rock-walled channels ; past an- grandest forms of nature are revealed. cient Indian villages, mediaeval glaciers, The passage from Victoria to Van- dark, solemn, pine-clothed shores, snow- couver affords only an inkling of the capped peaks, dashing cataracts, yawn- scenic effects that will be obtained for 277 278 THE MID-PACIFIC the next fourteen days. Leaving the slate. Texada, thirty miles long, low inner harbor the boat swings, out into and timbered, with a bold rocky shore, the straits of . Fuca, and you get the and traversed by a ridge of rugged trap first swell of the ocean, fifty miles to mountains, is on the mainland side. It the westward. To the right is passed contains important gold, iron, marble, the historic island of San Juan. To the lime and other mineral deposits. To the left Vancouver Island is in view. The left are Hornby and Denman, picturesqqe strait of Georgia is crossed at its great- islands. Over these are seen the moun- est width. After San Juan is a suc- tain ridges of Vancouver Island, the cession of beautiful low lying and tim- peaks of which here are the highest of bered islands. Midway is Active pass, the range. always a point of great interest and Now you creep closer to the Van- beauty, and which is now a popular couver shore and presently enter the summer resort. Having passed Point celebrated Seymour narrows, once in Roberts, the mouth of the Fraser river, which, by reason of the high bluff • Point Grey and through the narrows shores, you are shut out from the view into Burrard inlet, Vancouver city is on either side. The narrows proper are reached in about six hours' easy sailing. about Soo yards wide and about a mile Right under the bold, high bluff of and a half long, though Discovery pass, Brockton point promontory are the re- to which it is the entrance, is about mains of the old Beaver, the first steam- twenty-three miles long. At flood the er on the Pacific ocean, which went to tide runs from six to twelve knots an pieces on the rocks, and for some time hour, and at ebb from six to eight, the before its final plunge lay the prey of flood and ebb running equal intervals teredo and relic hunters. of about six hours each, with about From Vancouver the steamer takes a ten minutes still water. Valdes Island, straight cut of thirty miles across the lying at the entrance to Bute inlet and strait of Georgia, passing Nanaimo and forming the right shore of this channel, Wellington, where the coal mines of is a finely timbered island, with a num- Vancouver Island are located. From ber of logging camps on it, and some here for the whole length of Vancouver well-to-do ranchers on the benches back Island the steamer hugs its shore, and from the shore. The Euclataw, or Back here, too, begins that maze of islands narrows, of almost equal note among which continues in more or less bewil- navigators, on the other side of the dering profusion as far north as you go, island, are also very rapid, and danger- gradually increasing in size and in char- ous as well. acter from low lying and heavily tim- Just before entering the narrows is a bered to high, bold and rocky. The village of Euclataw Indians, once re- strait of Georgia continues about sev- garded as the worst of all the British enty-five miles. The mainland shore to Columbia tribes, and said to have been the right is indented with numerous cannibalistic. Passing the mouth of inlets Or arms of the sea—Howe sound, Campbell river, you look up the fine Jervis inlet, Toba inlet, Bute inlet, and Menzies valley, and over westward on so on, up which, were there time to go, Vancouver Island are towering snow- wonderful beauties would be disclosed. clad peaks extending for miles. There are Indian reservations and log- After having rounded Chatham point ging camps and settlers found all along. the steamer gets in closer and closer Up Jervis inlet is a quarry of excellent to Vancouver Island, and the shores THE MID-PACIFIC 279 become more and more precipitous. tifully painted and carved, which guards Along Johnstone straits westward you the entrance to the present chief's house. steam past the mouth of Salmon river, Cormorant Island possesses coal for- where there are rapids and overfalls, mations. Near it are several rocky islets, with heavy sea. The straits widen out upon which discoveries of silver and to about three miles, and now you are copper have been made. Farther up is directly between the shores of Van- passed Haddington Island, all one quarry couver and the mainland. of the finest building stone, out of which Myriads of islands, large and small, the stone for the new parliament build- are to be seen all along the mainland ings was taken ; and still farther on is side as far as Cape Caution, locally Malcolm Island, agriculturally the best known as the Broughton archipelago. piece of land on the coast. At this point Back of Beaver cove, extending to the in our trip we are beginning to lose the great Nimkish lake, is an extensive val- companionship of the Douglas fir, which ley. Nimkish river, which is the outlet has been abundantly with us from the of the lake into Broughton sound, Nim- outset, finding instead forests of . hem- kish lake and Kammutseena river, which lock, spruce, red cedar, cypress, birch, empties into it, all afford the finest and alder, which prevail more or less for trout fishing in the province. This dis- the rest of our journey. Opposite Mal- trict is a veritable sportsman's paradise, colm Island is Port McNeill, boasting now much frequented for big game— a commodious harbor. The country all elk, deer, panther, etc.—while the scenery along here comprises coal measures, is simply enchanting. From this point which extend for twenty-five miles the centre of the island is easily acces- through to the west coast. Three miles sible. beyond Broughton straits we enter Five miles above Beaver cove we Queen Charlotte sound, where the ocean arrive at our first stopping place, Alert swell is already noticeable, and skirting Bay, on Cormorant Island, just opposite the northeast coast of Vancouver Island, the mouth of Nimkish river. It is very we put in at the historic Fort Rupert, prettily situated, and' is a favorite calling twenty-one miles beyond Alert Bay. place both up and down. Here are an It consists of the old Hudson's Bay Indian village with a population of 15o fort, and a large Indian village, situated or so, whites included, a salmon can- on a long open beach of shingle and nery, a sawmill and two stores, an Eng- shells, which gives it a white, snowy lish church mission and an industrial look. There are no wharf accommoda- school. Here the salmon canners have tions, and consequently it is only in cases turned their attention to canning clams, of absolute necessity that steamers call which abound in the neighborhood. here, in which case communication has The first thing which strikes the tour- to be made with the shore by boat or ist's eye on rounding into Alert Bay canoe. On two occasions this huge vil- is the Indian burial ground, on the lage has been shelled and laid in ashes south point on the right hand entering by gunboats sent to demand the sur- the bay. It is fantastically decorated render of murderers among them. with streamers and flags of different Now we have entered a distinctly colors, and a variety of grave fences new phase of our trip. We are going and epitaphs. The next thing which north, with the ocean and scattered is- particularly attracts a stranger is a fine lands on the left of us, and the main- totem pole, about thirty feet high, beau- land on the right. Leaving Cape Cau- 280 THE MID-PACIFIC

tion and passing Smith's inlet, a few A few miles farther north, the chief miles on we enter Fitzhugh sound, and of the Hudson's Bay Company's trading steam up Rivers inlet. This was named posts, is a populous Indian village, sit- Rivers canal by the great Vancouver. uated on an excellent harbor, which was Our friends will have recognized in once also an aspirant as a terminus of the names of the islands passed some the C. P. R. by way of the forks of the time ago—Hernando, Cortez, Texada, Skeena. Even here there was an in- Valdes, and so on—historic memories cipient boom in town lots, looking in the of early Spanish explorers and navi- direction of another railway. The Hud- gators, who held the coast for a time son's Bay Company have a large store conjointly with the British, but, as usual, here, where anything can be procured, the christening, which remained with from a needle to the latest pattern Win- British ascendancy, was done by Van- chester rifle. There is also a wharf, couver over a hundred years ago. about a quarter of a mile long, and a warehouse at the extremity. The har- The sail up Gardner inlet discloses bor here affords excellent anchorage at the most wonderful scenery on the any depth up to thirty fathoms, with route. The shores are thousands of good mud and sand bottom. The rise feet high and almost perpendicular, lend- and fall of the tide is from eighteen to ing a grandeur to the scene almost twenty feet, and on this account con- indescribable, while magnificent water- siderable of the shore is dry at low- falls and glaciers are to be seen. Per- water tide. haps there is not on the whole western Leaving Fort Simpson, we sail past coast of America scenery which quite the mouth of the Nass river, where equals it in its way. Captain Vancouver, there are several canneries and im- who explored this channel over a hun- posing views, across Chatham strait, dred years ago, described its beauties round Cape Fox, into Dixon's entrance most graphically. At its head is sit- and into Alaska. On the way up we uated the Kitlupe tribe of Indians, after sail by Tongas islands, the home of whom the inlet is sometimes called. Al- the Tongas Indians. On the way up most parallel with Gardner canal is we visit Sitka and Juneau, and circle Douglas channel, the extension of which round among numerous channels, and is known as Kitimat arm. At the head enter several noted glacier bays. This of this arm there is considerable good is the land of the midnight sun, and land and a pass into the interior. Kit- a great attraction to American tourists. However, for diversity of scenery, for imat arm is similar in the massiveness beauty, and for interest, apart from ice- and beauty of its scenery to Kitilupe bergs and glaciers, it contains nothing inlet, but differs in the character of de- which will outrival, or, some might even tail. The shores, which are wooded with say, compare with the route just .passed hemlock, spruce and cedar, are not so over wholly in British Columbia waters abrupt, but are bounded with lofty and in Canadian territory. Here ends ranges of mountains running parallel to the journey and the homeward trip is each other. made. BULLETIN ?r,E PAN-PACIFIC UNION CONTENTS New Series No. 35, September, 1922. PAGE Objects of the Pan-Pacific Union 2 Agenda of the Pan-Pacific Commercial Conference 3 Pan-Pacific News 5 The Pan-Pacific Commercial Conference 7 A Pan-Pacific Leader Honored 8 A Pan-Pacific Association Organized in New York 9 A Questionnaire on Pan-Pacific News Communi- cation 11

OFFICERS OF THE PAN-PACIFIC UNION HONORARY PRESIDENTS Warren G. Harding _President of United States William M. Hughes Prime Minister, Australia W. F. Massey Prime Minister, New Zealand Hsu Shih-Chang President of China Arthur Meighen Premier of Canada Prince I. Tokugawa President House of Peers, Torso His Majesty, llama VI King of Siam

HONORARY VICE-PRESIDENTS Charles Evans Hughes Secretary of State, U. S. A. Woodrow Wilson Ex-President of United States Dr. L. S. Rowe Director-General Pan-American Union Yeh Kung Cho Minister of Communication, China Leonard Wood Governor-General of the Philippines The Governor-Generals of Alaska and Java. The Premiers of Australian States. John Oliver The Premier of British Columbia President—Hon. Wallace R. Farrington..Governor of Hawaii Director—Alexander Hume Ford Honolulu Executive Secretary—Dr. Frank F. Bunker Honolulu

Prince I. Tokugawa—President House of Peers, Tokyo—President Pan-Pacific Association of Japan. Tong Shao Yi—Ex-Premier of China....Pres. Pan-Pacific Association of China Prince Park—President Pan-Pacific Association of Korea, Seoul. Sir Arthur Rickard—Director Pan-Pacific Association, Australia, Sydney. Dr. S. P. Nikonoff—President Pan-Pacific Association, Siberia, Vladivostok. C. J. McCarthy, President Pan-Pacific Association, Washington, D. C. Wallace Alexander, President Pan-Pacific Association, San Francisco.

HONOLULU Published by the Union 1922

tfC V1=133119:1=Irratt THE PAN-PACIFIC UNION Is an organization representing Governments of Pacific lands, with which are affiliated Chambers of Commerce and kindred bodies, working for the advance- ment of Pacific States and Communities, and for a greater co-operation among and between the people of all races in Pacific lands. Its central office is in Honolulu at the ocean crossroads. The Pan-Pacific Union is incorporated with an International Board of Trustees, representing every race and nation of the Pacific. The trustees may be added to or replaced by appointed representatives of the different countries co-operating in the Pan-Pacific Union. The following are the main objects set forth in the charter of the Pan-Pacific Union : 1. To call in conference delegates from all Pacific peoples for the pur- pose of discussing and furthering the interests common to Pacific nations. 2. To maintain in Hawaii and other Pacific lands bureaus of information and education concerning matters of interest to the people of the Pacific, and to disseminate to the world information of every kind of progress and opportunity in Pacific lands, and to promote the comfort and interests of all visitors. 3. To aid and assist those in all Pacific communities to better understand each other, and to work together for the furtherance of the best interests of the land of their adoption, and, through them, to spread abroad about the Pacific the friendly spirit of inter-racial co-operation. 4. To assist and to aid the different races in lands of the Pacific to co- operate in local fairs, to raise produce, and to create home manufactured goods. 5. To own real estate, erect buildings needed for housing exhibits ; pro- vided and maintained by the respective local committees. 6. To maintain a Pan-Pacific Commercial Museum, and Art Gallery. 7. To create dioramas, gather exhibits, books and other Pan-Pacific material of educational or instructive value. 8. To promote and conduct a Pan-Pacific Exposition of the handicrafts of the Pacific peoples, of their works of art, and scenic dioramas of the most beautiful bits of Pacific lands, or illustrating great Pacific industries. 9. To establish and maintain a permanent college and "clearing house" of information (printed and otherwise) concerning the lands, commerce, peoples, and trade opportunities in countries of the Pacific, creating libraries of commer- cial knowledge, and training men in this commercial knowledge of Pacific lands. 10. To secure the co-operation and support of Federal and State govern- ments, chambers of commerce, city governments, and of individuals. 11. To enlist for this work of publicity in behalf of Alaska, the Territory of Hawaii, and the Philippines, Federal aid and financial support, as well as similar co-operation and support from all Pacific governments. 12. To bring all nations and peoples about the Pacific Ocean into closer friendly and commercial contact and relationship. THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES Vice-Presidents : Hon. Walter F. Frear, William R. Castle, Chung K. Al. Hon. Sanford B. Dole F. J. Lowrey Riley Allen R. A. Cooke Hon. C. J. McCarthy James D. Dole D. H. Hitchcock J. M. Young George P. Denison John Guild R. H. Trent John C. Lane Vaughan MacCaughey K. Yamamoto Lloyd R. Killam Dr. W. T. Brigham F. F. Baldwin G. N. Wilcox Dr. I. Mori H. Stuart Johnson G. Stanley McKenzie J. H. Wilson Mayor of Honolulu Keichi Yamasaki. Consul General of Japan Shia Hsu Tan Consul for China A. D. Castro Acting Consul for Peru and Consuls in Honolulu from other Pacific Countries PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETI N 3 FIRST PAN-PACIFIC COMMERCIAL CONFERENCE Called by the Pan-Pacific Union to Meet in Honolulu, Hawaii, October 25, 1922

AGENDA 3. Terms of credit in Pan-Pacific area Opening Day—Wednesday, October 25 as an aid to foreign trade. 4. Standardization of trade certificates General Topic—Significant Pan-Pacific How to insure reliability. Commercial Problems of My Country. (One speaker from each country to Fifth Day—Tuesday, October 31 give a brief paper.) (Last Session) Second Day—Thursday, October 26 General Topic—Inter-nation relations in the Pan-Pacific area. General Topic — Communication and Transportation. 1. Arbitration of commercial mis- understandings. 1. Survey of existing cable and wire- less facilities, with suggestions for 2. The need for cooperation among meeting present deficiencies. the various agencies interested in 2. Establishment of lower special Pan-Pacific problems. rates, fixing responsibility and 3. Reports of special committees. granting general improved facilities 4. Resolutions including recommen- for the press. dations for legislation. 3. An analysis of present trade routes and the development of possible ENTERTAINMENT new routes. Tuesday—October 24 4. Desirability of free zones or free ports in Pacific lands. Reception at wharf, autos provided by trustees of Union and their friends. Third Day—Friday, October 27 Lunch with individual citizens or at General Topic—Development ' and con- Moana. Surfing in the afternoon. servation of natural resources. Evening : Pan-Pacific Union welcom- 1. Methods to be employed in saving ing dinner at hotel. the Pan-Pacific fisheries. Wednesday—October 25 2. Development of Pan-Pacific fuel resources in order to provide for Morning : Session at Palace. Noon : future expansion of Pacific in- Lunch at Ad Club. Afternoon : Session dustry and transportation. at Palace. 3. Steps to be taken toward preven- Thursday—October 26 tion of crises in the world rice and sugar situation. Morning : Session at the Palace. Lunch: Rotary Club. Afternoon : Ses- Fourth Day—Monday, October 30 sion at the Palace. General Topic—Finance and Invest- Evening : Dinner with the Chinese ments. merchants. 1. Measures to be followed for re- lieving exchange difficulties. Friday—October 27 2. The need for greater uniformity Morning : Session at the Palace. in bills of exchange and other Noon : Lunch with Hawaiian Club. commercial documents. Afternoon : Session at the Palace. 4 PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETI N

Saturday—October 28 Steamship Sailings The last steamer leaving San Francisco Trip around the Island. Autos from in time for the Conference will be the Auto Club. Lunch at Haleiwa by the Maui- (Matson Navigation Company, 120 Chamber of Commerce. Reception at Market Street, San Francisco), departing Leilehua. at 10 a. m., Wednesday, October 18. From Seattle, the Lurline, of the Mat- Evening: Dinner with the Japanese son Navigation Company, c/o Alexander & merchants. Baldwin, Mehlhorn Bldg., Seattle, will sail on September 30, arriving in Honolulu October 9. Sunday—October 29 From Los Angeles, The City of Los, An- Pan-Pacific Service at church or rest. geles' of the Los Angeles Steamship Com- pany, 517 S. Spring St., sails for Honolulu October 7, arriving October 13, and The Monday—October 30 City of Honolulu sails October 21, arriving Session at Palace in morning. Noon: October 27. The Canadian-Australian liner Niagara Lunch with citizens or at University, will leave Vancouver (741 Hastings St., Commercial and Pacific Clubs, with in- West), and Victoria (c/o Canadian Pacific Railway Co.) about September 22, arriving dividual members. Afternoon : Session in Honolulu about September 30, and the at Palace. Makura will leave the same ports October 20, arriving in Honolulu October 28. Pas- Tuesday—October 31 sengers from Seattle may connect at Victoria. Morning: Business session at Palace. From China and Japan the S. S. Tenyo Maru of the Toyo Kisen Kaisha will arrive Afternoon and evening free. in Honolulu October 25th. She will sail from Hongkong on October 4, from Shang- Wednesday—November 1 hai on October 8, from Yokohama on Oc- tober 16. Manila delegates may make con- Sail 10 a. m. for Hilo and the Vol- nection at Hongkong. Delegates from Siam, cano. Malay, and Java, will connect at Hongkong. The China Mail S. S. Co. will dispatch Thursday—November 2 the China from Shanghai about September 19, and she is due in Honolulu about Morning, arrive Hilo, visit Volcano. October 4: The Pacific Mail Steamer President Wil- Friday—November 3 son will leave Manila about September 28, Hongkong about October 4, Shanghai about Morning, sail from Hilo for Hono- October 7, and Yokohama about October 12, lulu. arriving in Honolulu October 20. From Australia the Oceanic liner Sonoma Saturday—November 4 will leave Sydney about September 13, ar- riving in Honolulu September 26, or the Arrive Honolulu a. m. Shopping. Ventura will leave Sydney October 17, arriving in Honolulu October 31. Monday—November 6 From Auckland, Sydney and Fiji, the Canadian-Australian liner Makura will sail Visit Pineapple and Sugar Planta- from Sydney, September 21, from Auckland September 26, arriving in Honolulu October tions, guests of H. S. P. A. and Pine- 7th. apple Association. From South American ports the Toyo Kisen Kaisha, Seiyo Maru will arrive in Tuesday—November 7 Honolulu about October 1, leaving Val- paraiso August 9, Iquique, Chile, August 21, Guests of Banks and friends. Balboa September 2. At the earliest possible moment dele- gates to the Conference should take up the Wednesday—November 8 matter directly with the agents of the steamship lines and make the necessary Sail for San Francisco. reservations. PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETI N 5 PAN-PACIFIC NEWS The Trustees of the Pan-Pacific sentatives of the Philippines were sent Union, through the activities of the or- as delegates. ganization, are ambitious to make the Mr. Wallace M. Alexander, President Hawaiian Islands of the San Francisco Chamber of Com- Hawaii the the great confer- merce, who has just returned to Cali- Natural Conference ence center of the fornia after a Center of the Pacific. Already, The Presiding Officer brief business Pacific through a confer- Commercial Conference visit to Hono- ence of scientists ; lulu, is an en- another of educators ; and a third of thusiastic supporter of the conference activities of the Pan-Pacific Union. He journalists, from the countries about believes profoundly that the great value the Pacific, all called by the Pan, Pacific of these conferences lies in the oppor- Union, much progress toward this goal tunity of forming inter-racial friend- has been made. ships. In commenting on this aspect The fourth in this series, a confer- of the work of The Pan-Pacific Union ence of the commercial and financial he referred to a statement which Secre- leaders of the Pacific, which will con- tary of State Hughes is said to have vene in Honolulu October 25th next, made recently to the effect that persons offers another and a greater oppor- who sit around a table and diScuss tunity for advancing Hawaii's claim to matters can never get up and go to being the natural meeting place for the fighting. discussion of inter-Pacific problems of non-political character. The Trustees of The Pan-Pacific Union, through Governor Farrington, Senor Sergio Osmena, speaker of the president, extended to Mr. Alex- the Philippines house of representa- ander an invitation to preside at the tives, and ten members of the Philip- Commercial Conference which is to be p i n e s Independence held in Honolulu beginning October 25 The Philippines Mission, en route next. Mr. Alexander's attorneys have Independence home from a visit to wired him that he is expected in New Mission Washington, upon ar- York in October on an important mat- rival at Honolulu, en- ter. Mr. Alexander states that if he tertained at dinner on board ship sev- can persuade his lawyers that he is eral citizens, including Judge Walter not needed, he will return to Honolulu F. Frear, Mayor John H. Wilson, Frank for the Conference in which event he C. Atherton., James Dole, and Frank will accept the invitation of. The Pan- F. Bunker, of the Pan-Pacific Union. Pacific Union trustees to preside at Senor Osmena spoke of the activities the Conference. In any event, how- of the Pan-Pacific Union in terms of ever, he states that the Chamber of appreciation. He particularly empha- Commerce of San Francisco is taking sized the value which would accrue a deep interest in the Conference and from the conference of leaders in the that a representation of strong men field of finance and of commerce which from San Francisco will be in atten- is to be held in October and added that dance. upon reaching his home he would make An Advisory Committee of local edu- every effort to see that proper repre- cators was recently assembled in Hono- 6 PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETI N lulu to discuss a "follow-up" program region, adapted to school room use, and of activities, growing out yet which would emphasize the import- Follow-up of the recommendations ant inter-relations of Pacific peoples. Work of the made at the first Pan-Pa- In an address before the Chamber of Educational cific Educational Conf er- Commerce of Honolulu, Wednesday, Conference ence. July 26, Mr. Alexander expressed his The discussions, while opinion of the covering a considerable range, centered Wallace M. Alexander conference a c - upon the need of a compilation of ac- Approves Commercial tivities of The curate information concerning the Pa- Conference Pan-Pacific cific region. It was pointed out that Union in the fol- at the present time it is almost im- lowing words taken from an account of possible for people of one country to the meeting published by "The Hono- distinguish facts from propaganda in lulu Advertiser" July 27: the news emanating from other coun- "San Francisco and Honolulu have tries. It was also agreed that two dis- been closely related for many years. tinctive needs in this connection are in The interests of one are those of the evidence: first the need for a body of other and there must be the same mu- solid, comprehensive, and thorough tual understanding between them that knowledge concerning the Pacific, and one expects between brothers. second, that suitable portions of this "Both are 'shock-absorbers' in that body of knowledge should be put in upon them rests the grave responsi- such form that teachers in the school bility of standing between two diverse rooms about the Pacific can use it in civilizations. Theirs is the common their class room work. It was agreed duty of acting as interpreters to ex- that the teachers do not have the time, plain the East to the West. neither have they the training, to enable "You of Hawaii have undertaken the them to take reference material of an wise step of making this American out- encyclopedic character and translate it post the common meeting place of all into terms of the school room, for this the peoples bordering on the Pacific. is the task of experts in text book writ- The Pan-Pacific congresses already ing. On the other hand, it is believed held here have had far-reaching in- that if there were such a body of avail- fluence in bringing together men who able material, the writers of text books were seemingly antagonistic. would draw upon it. "What you did here in Honolulu was Growing out of this discussion has the fitting preliminary to the confer- come the definite plan to appoint com- ence for the limitation of armaments mittees of educators and other experts held at Washington, out of which came in each of the Pacific lands to outline the four-power treaty, that most sig- the topics and compile the facts which nal and noteworthy achievement of the they feel should be treated in any pre- present administration. Your Pan-Pa- sentation of the subject in the schools cific conferences came at a most op- of the countries concerned. It might portune time and all of the countries even be possible to enter into an ar- interested are now preparing to take rangement with some important text part in your Pan-Pacific commercial book publishing house whereby the lat- congress next October. Hawaii has ter would detail a successful text book rendered great service on behalf of the writer to prepare a text on the Pacific country." PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN 7 Pan-Pacific Commercial Conference (Editorial in the Christian Science Monitor, June 30, 1922) The forthcoming Pan-Pacific Confer- subjects as communication and trans- ence is another testimony that the Unit- portation, from press facilities and ed States is not unfriendly to the wireless routes to steamship lines and League of Nations theory, provided the free ports ; it will grapple with the area of interest is fairly near at home. development and conservation of na- The Washington Conference was a suc- tural resources, including the fisheries, cess because it attempted to do definite fuel, and grain and foodstuff problems things in a definite sphere where Ameri- of the Pacific lands ; and, of course, can public opinion was impelled to seek it will study the all-important prob- a solution wherein geographic propin- lems of finance, especially as regards quity forced the adoption of some sort the standardization of Pan-Pacific ex- of constructive policy. It created a change, credit, and a much needed form sort of American "bush league" of na- of trade arbitration. tions. It is founded on a pact as mor- The Pan-Pacific Union, the foster- ally obligatory and binding as ever was parent of the Honolulu conference, is the dreaded Article X of the major no novice at the art of reaching benefi- league at Geneva. The circle, though a cent agreements through a consensus smaller one, is drawn on just as per- of Pacific opinion. It has already fect a line of law as its larger proto- held three successful conferences, for type, but Americans are well content natural scientists, for educators, and, to be in the center of an orbit they last but not least, for journalists. It understand. is time that it held one for business The Pan-Pacific Conference, which men, the most ambitious, but the most is to be held in Honolulu beginning promising of them all. The aim of October 25, is an interesting sequel. the Pan-Pacific Union is to "seek to Like the Washington Conference, the create points of contact, that the firm initiative is mainly American. More ground of common interest among the than twenty nations will take part in peoples of the Pacific may be discov- it, including all the Latin-American ered." Commercial rivalry in the Pa- states with Pacific coast lines, China, cific is keen, and commercial war there, Japan, and Siam, and dependencies of where exist the most fruitful undevel- the British, French, and Dutch colo- oped areas on the earth's surface, is no nial empires, as well as the Pacific idle fear. No nation has a greater in- possessions of the United States. It is ducement to harmonize such conflicts to be hoped that Mexico will be rec- before they harden into political an- ognized by the family of nations by tagonisms than America, and the prac- that time also, and that Siberia may tical American foresight that has made similarly be able to shape her own the Pan-Pacific Union a going concern destiny as she sees fit ; while Bolivia, is welcome statesmanship. whether she is fortunate enough to It is still too early to forecast the possess a Pacific coast line by then or prospective problems of this conference. not, by the grace of the Tacna-Arica Its imposing list of honorary guaran- negotiations between Chile and Peru, tors, including the chief executives of is already assured a card of invitation. every important state and dominion in The object of the conference is main- the Pacific, insures a serious and au- ly commercial. It will take up such thoritative gathering. 8 PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN A Pan-Pacific Leader Honored On June 19th there took place at ble Chinese boy had knocked at the Pomona College, Claremont, California, doors of the institution, requesting that an, occurrence of deep interest to the he be admitted in order to secure a Pan-Pacific Brotherhood of Nations. Christian education. And now, his first An institution of learning, which has Alma Mater was expressing through the made a distinct contribution to the lips of her president her realization that Christian uplift, not merely of the Pa- it was she who was being honored cific Coast of the United States and by the presence of this eminent Chinese Honolulu, but also of the Philippines scholar and Internationalist as he ac- and Japan and China, took occasion cepted the honorary degree. to show its appreciation of the exem- "This is a notable hour in the his- plary life of service of an outstanding tory of the College," said President citizen of the largest of these lands. Blaisdell to Dr. Fong, as the latter The climax- of the Commencement was presented by Judge Edwin F. exercises at Pomona College this year Hahn of Pasadena, alumnus of the was reached when, after there had College and classmate of the famous been granted 141 B. A. degrees and Chinese editor, "for it is our good seven M. A. degrees and two degrees fortune to present to you the degree of D. D., President James A. Blais- of Doctor of Laws." dell extended the cordial greeting of Mr. Hahn, in presenting his friend Pomona College to Dr. Fong Foo Sec, for the degree, told of the Chinese Editor-in-Chief of the English Edi- coolie, who had come to America when tprial Department of the Commercial merely a boy, of the impression made Press, Shanghai, China, and proceeded upon his young mind by the Christian to confer upon him the honorary de- religion, and of his coming to Southern gree of Doctor of Laws. Dr. Fong California in 1897. "It was at that came to Claremont to attend the Pre- time that he heard of the institution paratory Department of Pomona Col- where he might obtain higher learning lege in 1897 and after finishing his without money. President Cyrus G. college preparation he studied for one Baldwin, at that time at the head of year in the Academic Department, after the College, interested himself in the which he went on to the University of lad and made possible his four years California, where in 1905 he received in the Preparatory School and his year his B.A. Soon thereafter he went to at College. This experience, according Columbia University where he earned to Fong Foo Sec, laid the foundation an M.A. degree in Teachers College. for his career. After taking a degree The many friends of Dr. Fong in from the University of California in the audience, together with the large 1905, he returned to his native land number of those who heartily believe for sixteen years of service. in International Brotherhood, evidenced "He is a friend and confidant of the their approval and the thrill which leaders in China today who are shap- they felt by the tremendous ovation ing the history of the country. May I which they gave to Dr. Fong as he venture to predict that when he re- bowed his thanks to Dr. Blaisdell and turns to America the next time, it will retired to his place on the platform. be in some position of high importance A quarter of a century ago, the hum- in the government of his nation." PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETI N 9 A Pan-Pacific Association Organized in New York On behalf of the Pan-Pacific Union, Pan-American Society an organization directed by representa- J. F. Prince, Secretary. tion of all Pacific rases and supported Philippine Commercial Agency in part by government appropriations M. J. de la Rama, Trade Commis- from Pacific lands, Alexander Hume sioner in United States from the Ford, director of the Union, invited a Philippines. number of the organizations in New Speaking for the Pan-Pacific Union, York representing Pacific membership Mr. Ford explained that this organi- and interested in the development of zation headed by the presidents and friendly relations in the Pacific area, premiers of Pacific lands, supported in to meet at a luncheon held in the Wall part by government appropriations, co- Street Center of the New York Uni- operating with Chambers of Commerce, versity, 90 Trinity Place. The object Boards of Education and kindred bodies of this meeting was to discuss the for- working for the advancement of Pa- mation in New York City of a Pan- cific interests, had not only brought to- Pacific Association that would coop- gether through frequent conferences at erate with the work of the Union and the Ocean Cross Roads City, Hono- represent it in the American metropo- lulu, leaders in many lines of thought lis. and action in Pacific lands, but that in Among those invited were : furtherance of this work of organiz- American Asiatic Association ing Pacific leaders into friendly and co- Eugene P. Thomas, President of operative effort, it had established in United States Steel Products Com- many of the larger cities about the pany. great ocean Pan-Pacific Associations, Australian, Commonwealth autonomous local organizations that co- David Edwards, Commercial Repre- operated with each other around the sentative. Pacific and with the Pan-Pacific Union. The China Society On behalf of the Pan-Pacific Union William F. Carey, President. Mr. Ford invited the several societies Edward B. Bruce, Board of Directors. in New York representing Pacific peo- Dr. R. M. McElroy, Director. ples to form a Pan-Pacific Association Columbia University of New York that would act as an in- Walter B. Pitkin, School of Journal- ter-society clearing house, including all ism. of the organizations concerned with the Council on Foreign Relations affairs of the Pacific. Mr. Ford stated William C. Grace, General Manager. that the New York University had Japan Society offered the Pan-Pacific Union head- D. L. Dunbar, Assistant to President. quarters for such an affiliated organi- Japanese Association zation in the building at 90 Trinity M. Tanaka. Place, including quarters for a Pan- Java Association Pacific Commercial Museum Exhibit, the J. H. Muurling, in charge of East- use of the luncheon club, where lunches Indian Government Intelligence Bureau. or dinners to distinguished visitors from L. Wittert Van Hoogland, Secretary Pacific lands, up to a hundred guests Netherlands Chamber of Com- might be served and the assistance of merce. the Division of Oriental Commerce and 10 PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN

Politics in carrying on the work pro- take care of these expenses if possible. posed. This statement was corrobo- 3. That once a year, Balboa day, rated by Dean A. Wellington Taylor, September 17th in common with the head of the Wall Street Center. Pan-Pacific Associations about the Pa- The suggestion of Mr. Ford for a cific, an annual Pan-Pacific banquet be tentative Pan-Pacific Association, along held, with a brief speaker from each the lines indicated was approved unan- Pacific country who will tell why the imously, as was the request that Dr. city of his adoption is a better place Charles Hodges, Assistant Director of to live in because some of his people the Division of Oriental Commerce and have made it their home. Politics, New York University, act as 4. That contact be continued through Secretary, without salary and that the the secretary of the Pan-Pacific Associ- offer of the New. York University to the ation of New York, with the Pan-Pa- Pan-Pacific Union and the Pan-Pacific cific Union and the various Pan-Pa- Association be accepted. cific Associations in Pacific lands. Each of those present was asked to 5. That the purpose of establishing make a few remarks and did so. It was a central office under the title of the suggested that the Pan-Pacific Associa- Pan-Pacific Association of New York tion of New York be drawn together is to draw together the various or- loosely, with the Presidents of the va- ganizations within this body and pro- rious organizations affiliating acting as vide for interchange in matters of mu- honorary presidents, and the secre- tual interest. The Pan-Pacific Union taries as a board of direction with the and the affiliated associations in Pacific Consuls in New York from Pacific lands might keep the New York As- lands as an advisory board, the Presi- sociation apprised of the expected visits dent of the China Society presiding of leaders in different lines of thought when a distinguished Chinese is enter- and action from Pacific lands, and the tained, the President of the Japan So- New York Association might forward ciety, when the guest is a Japanese, information to the Union of the visit the President of the Pan-American So- to Pacific lands by distinguished New ciety when a Latin American is the Yorkers, etc. guest of the day, etc. 6. It is felt that the Central New York Office might well be kept in- The consensus of suggestions was formed by the secretaries of the local that in the Pan-Pacific Association of bodies of the visits of and dinners to New York City, leaders from Pacific lands, and the use 1. The membership should include of the University lunch club rooms the societies and other associations in made use of when desirable. It has the city concerned with the development been suggested that as most of these of friendly and commercial interests organizations have a secretary especial- with Pacific lands. ly charged with carrying on their 2. That there should be no financial activities it would be advantageous program beyond the cost of stationery, to designate such officer as the liaison postage, etc., and that the lunches and between the individual society and the dinners given under the asupices of the general work carried on here in the de- Pan-Pacific Association be made to velopment of Pacific relations. PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETI N 11 A Questionnaire on Pan-Pacific News Communication One of the important questions con- est of the United States government in sidered at the Pan-Pacific Press Confer- this matter, has agreed to lead the fur- ence which was held in Honolulu, ther discussion of this topic at the Pan- (1921) under the auspices of the Pan- Pacific Commercial Conference which Pacific Union and in conjunction with is to convene in Honolulu October 25 the Press Congress of the World, was next. that of securing better facilities for the In preparation for the discussion of inter-change of news among Pacific plans for the betterment of Trans-Pa- countries. It was recognized by the cific news communication, Mr. McClat- delegates that a thorough understand- chy has 'issued a questionnaire which ing among the peoples of the Pacific calls for the information he wants. In could never be brought about until bet- order to give all who may have the ter means of inter-communication were information desired, an opportunity of established. The discussion, therefore, contributing, we are publishing Mr. in the 'sessions both of the Press Con- McClatchy's letter of explanation and gress of the World and of the Pan-Pa- questionnaire, and asking all who may cific Press Conference, centered about a have information bearing upon any program for securing a more adequate point touched upon in the questionnaire news service at cheaper rates. to communicate with Mr. McClatchy In response to the discussion, Mr. direct. V. S. McClatchy, Publisher of the Mr. McClatchy's general letter, to- "Sacramento Bee," Mr. Guy Innes, As- gether with certain items of information sociate Editor, "The Herald," Mel- which he has included, and the ques- bourne, Australia, Mr. James Wright tionnaire follow : Brown, "Editor and Publisher," New Sacramento, Cal., July 15, 1922. York, Mr. Alexander Hume Ford, Di- My dear Sir : rector of the Pan-Pacific Union, and others, went on to Washington and The Pan-Pacific Union will hold at brought to the attention of Congress Honolulu, October 25th, 1922, a Com- the matter of extending authority for mercial Congress, at which delegates the use of the navy radio for the trans- from countries bordering on both sides mission of news matter to Pacific points. of the Pacific Ocean will discuss va- This request was granted and author- rious topics of mutual interest. ization was given for its use for such A prominent place on the agenda has purposes until July, 1925. Thus an im- been assigned to the subject of "Trans- portant first step was taken in securing Pacific Communication," since it is a a channel for the transmission of news .recognized fact that adequate communi- between certain Pacific points at a cation, and particularly news communi- reasonable rate. There is still much cation, conveying daily to each country to be accomplished, however, in con- accurate, uncensored and comprehensive necting up this system of wireless reports of happenings and sentiment in transmission with the systems of other other Pacific countries, is the first es- Pacific countries. sential for the development of satisfac- Mr. V. S. McClatchy of the "Sacra- tory commercial relations and that mento Bee," who has been particularly friendly understanding that makes for active in the efforts to enlist the inter- permanent peace. 12 PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETI N

The undersigned has been named by statement briefly outlining the main Alexander Hume Ford, Managing Di- points. rector of the Pan-Pacific Union, as a You are asked to consider this care- committee to obtain from reliable fully, and then to respond as fully as sources in each of the Pacific countries, you can to the points made in the ques- information and suggestions which will tionnaire enclosed. be of service, in consideration of this It is desired particularly to know subject by the Commercial Congress. what the probability is of your govern- The specific object in view is to de- ment being induced to cooperate in velop, if possible, a plan which will se- some arrangement under which advan- cure for all countries about the Pacific tage could be taken of this present the benefits from interchange of reli- Navy radio communication between able daily news reports at a cost so low California and the Philippines, so that as to promote general use and distribu- similar news reports could be exchanged tion of such reports. between your country and the United As a step in the right direction, it States at low word rates ; and also is noted that through government co- what is the most practicable way in operation, news messages are transmit- which such co-operation could be pro- ted by cable and land lines, between moted; or in what other way can ad- various points in Australia and various vantage be taken of the present radio points in Canada, at a charge per word facilities to promote better news inter- of five cents for ordinary service and change between your country and the ten cents for expedited service ; and United States. that the United States Government per- Please address reply to me at Sacra- mits use of its Navy Radio for news mento, California. transmission between California and the Sincerely Yours, Philippines for six cents per word, and between either place and Hawaii for V. S. McCLATCHY, three cents per word. Publisher, Sacramento Bee. It has been suggested that co-opera- Present Status of Trans-Pacific News tion on the part of all governments or Communication communication agencies around the Pa- Thirteen cables and several systems cific could readily bring about condi- of radio communication connect the tions under which there would be gen- United States with Europe, and these, eral satisfactory news interchange—by combined with a seven cent word rate radio, particularly, and possibly by for news, insure a satisfactory daily cable as well—among all countries flow in each direction of the informa- bordering on the Pacific at similarly tion as to happenings and sentiments low rates. on each side of the Atlantic so neces- Will you be kind enough to assist, sary to maintain commercial and friend- so far as you can, in furnishing infor- ly relations. Canada also has her own mation and suggestions which will, be connections with England by cable and of service to the Congress in this con- wireless. nection? On the other hand, trans-Pacific com- To give you a general idea of the munication, which has become vitally existing situation so far as concerns important to the countries on both sides Trans-Pacific News Communication with of the ocean, and to the world at large the United States, there is enclosed a as well, is yet meagre and unsatisfac-

PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETI N 13 tory, speaking in a general way, though year high power and fast sending and great strides have been made in the past receiving instruments have been in- three years. stalled in some of these stations. For news communication, the most Congress has given authority for the satisfactory conditions are those exist- use of these radio stations for news ing between Aus- transmission, such authority expiring News Communica- tralia and Canada, in June, 1925, when it will presumably tion—Canada and insuring transmis- be renewed unless privately owned sta- Australia sion of news from tions in the meanwhile are in position any large city in to afford facilities and give the low one country to any large city in the prices necessary to maintain an ade- other at the low rate of five cents for quate news service. The Navy radio ordinary, and ten cents for expedited is not permitted to accept commercial transmission. This is accomplished by traffic which private stations can han- co-operation of cable and land tele- dle. graph lines under government control The word rate for news messages by or subsidy. Service is generally satis- the Navy radio is six cents between factory because there is no congestion San Francisco and Manila (the station as yet. is at Cavite) and three cents between One cable, only, connects the United either of these points and Honolulu. States with the Far East—that of the These. Navy radio facilities were Pacific Commercial utilized during the month of June, United States- Company, an Ameri- 1922 in westbound service to the fol- Asia Cable can organization, a lowing extent (including both news majority of whose and commercial messages) : San Fran- stock holders are British. The cable cisco to Honolulu, 93,000 words, a runs from San Francisco to Shanghai daily average of 3,100; Honolulu to via Honolulu, Guam and Manila. From Guam 64,400 words, a daily average of Guam, a connection with Tokyo, Japan 2,150; Guam to Cavite, 68,700 words. is secured through a Japanese cable, a daily average of 2,300. With present and from Manila a British cable con- facilities the circuit is said to be able nects with Hongkong. to handle five times as much traffic as The Pacific Commercial cable has recorded between San Francisco and limited capacity, and is not infrequent- Honolulu. The present daily capacity ly out of commission, even for months of the Honolulu-Guam and Guam-Ma- at a time, due to the cutting of the nila circuits is said to be 2,500 words cable by the coral formation on the each. When the new radio sets are in- seafloor between Guam and Manila. stalled at Guam the capacity of these The connection with Japan is also two circuits, it is said, will be increased poor. Trans-Pacific news rates by this two or three times. Similar capacity cable are prohibitive for an extensive and prospective betterment may be daily report. looked for in eastbound service. The United States Navy has radio The Associated Press is sending by stations at important points on the Pa- Navy radio an average daily report of cific, including San Fran- 1,000 words from San U. S. Navy cisco, San Diego, Seattle, News Reports by Francisco to Hono- Radio Prebeloff Island (Alas- Navy Radio lulu and 800 to Ma- ka), Honolulu, Guam, nila. The report is Manila and Peking. During the past received in excellent shape at the for- 14 PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETI N mer place and not quite so reliably at twwi the same points by cable are 96 the latter, though conditions there are cents, 32 cents and $2.88 respectively. steadily improving. The Radio Corporation, through Japa- The Associated Press is also sending nese connections, gives radio communi- by Navy radio to Kokusai, the Japa- cation also with certain points in Man- nese news agency, a daily report aver- churia, China and Korea. aging 5,000 words per month. This The Radio Corporation transmits a service is not entirely satisfactory due daily news report of about 250 words to the fact that the report must be re- for the Trans-Pacific News Association layed by cable from Guam to Tokyo, from San Francisco to Tokyo. It car- and has to be carried across the island ries no other regular daily reports but of Guam by auto to make cable con- transmits occasional specials for Ko- nection. This difficulty would be over- kusai, United Press, and individual come if Japan.would receive the report newspapers. The United Press, for its by wireless from Guam, but she has west bound news items, uses cable or given the American Radio Corporation radio, as conditions from day to day the exclusive right to handle commer- favor one or the other. cial and news messages between United There is at present no regular east States and Japan. bound trans-Pacific daily news report The same Associated Press report from any point in the Far East, though would be available for use in China by specials on important matters are car- relaying from Cavite, but it may not ried for the American news associa- be received and distributed by the U. S. tions and for some of the larger Ameri- Navy radio station at Peking, as the can newspapers by U. S. Navy and the United States, at the Arms Limitation Radio Corporation wireless, and by Conference at Washington, surrendered cable. any right she may have had to use Privately owned radio stations are her Government radio stations in China not permitted by law to operate in for any but government use, though the the Philippine Islands, and until this English, French, and Japanese retain law is changed, the U. S. Navy must stations in China which may be used be depended upon for radio communica- for commercial purposes. The As- tion with the islands. sociated Press report is still broadcast- The Federal Wireless Company (an ed at Cavite for the benefit of the Pe- American corporation) has made a con- king Station and U. S. war vessels on tract with China un- the Eastern Station. Federal Wireless der which it is to The Radio Corporation of America, and China establish a powerful which absorbed the American Marconi, radio station at Shanghai for trans- has already estab- Pacific communication and smaller sta- Radio Corporation lished a circuit be- tions at Shanghai, Peking, Canton and News Activities tween San Francis- Mukden for inter-communication. The co and Tokyo, by corporation is to operate these stations way of Honolulu, under the contract for a term of years and then turn them with Japan above referred to. The over to the Chinese government. The through rates are : for commercial mes- contract provides for daily transmission sages 72 cents per word ; for news of 3,000 words of news across the Pa- (subject to delay) 27 cents ; for "ur- cific, but no rate is fixed. The Com- gent" service $2.16. Similar rates be- pany has made all its surveys and PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETI N 15

planned in detail all the construction, In the absence of multiplication of and is awaiting now readjustment of cable lines and the granting of a low certain financial matters. news rate for cable trans- The major station of the Federal Radio or mission (which may not be hoped for) it is evident that Wireless at Shanghai would require Cable? adequate news communica- eighteen months for construction, but cation among countries of the Pacific communication with the United States must depend for the present, on the could be had in six months, if the mi- use of radio. nor Shanghai station were installed first If privately operated radio stations and arrangements made to cooperate were to cover all the territory -and in operation with the U. S. Navy radio grant the necessary low rate, their through Cavite. Public mention has use would be preferable, undoubtedly, been made of certain negotiations to that of government operated sta- claimed to be pending between this tions. But this combination of condi- company and the Radio Corporation of tions,, apparently, cannot be secured America, which would amalgamate their from private stations in a number_ of interests. years, if at all. In certain countries, The grave consequences likely to re- too, existing policies forbid use of sult at any time from the present lack privately operated radio stations. Of adequate facilities Whether co-operation with the Unit- Necessity for for trans-Pacific news ed States on the part of other Pacific Improved News communication receiv- governments could ar- G overnment range for interchange of Communication ed apt illustration dur- Co-operation news reports by radio at ing the Arms Confer- Necessary low rates corresponding ence at Washington. Honolulu received to those now existing be- full and prompt and accurate reports tween San Francisco and the Philip- of the proceedings of the conference pines is a question well worth consider- for publication in its newspapers by ing. Such an arrangement might Navy Radio. Manila received these bridge the gap pending the time when same reports, somewhat delayed. Neith- development in facilities of privately er China nor Japan could receive them, owned stations and change of policy on and both countries resorted to cable, their part as to promotion of news ex- and Japan also to Radio Corporation change through quick service and low wireless. Because of congestion of all rates, would open the way to a per- of these lines of communication, news, manent and adequate system of trans- Pacific daily news reports. filed as such, was not transmitted in The Questionnaire on Trans-Pacific time for use. Expedited service for Communication news was secured only by paying three (The information asked for is to be times the commercial rate, making the used at the Commercial Congress of cost about $3.00 per word. The mes- the Pan-Pacific Union, at Honolulu, sages were cut down, in consequence, October 25, 1922, in considering plans to a few words which did not adequate- for betterment of trans-Pacific com- ly explain certain important action, and munication. The blanks should be in consequence serious misunderstand- filled with such information as is avail- ing resulted in both China and Japan. able, and returned at once to V. S. 16 PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN McClatchy, Sacramento Bee, Sacra- possible increase of outgoing news if mento, California. If the person ad- better rates were obtainable? dressed cannot furnish the information 8. News messages are now transmitted desired, he is asked to refer the blank by U. S. Navy radio between San Fran- to someone in a position to do so. cisco and Manila, or Guam, for 6 The person furnishing the information cents per word ; between either point will kindly write on the line below named and Honolulu for 3 cents per his name, position, and address : word. Could this service be utilized to advantage in news interchange be- tween your country and the United 1. What is the present means of news States, in co-operation with existing communication between your country cable or radio facilities, at present or and the United States, and the charge lower rates ? If so, how? for service per word : 9. Are facilities for cable and radio (a) by cable? news communication in your country (b) by radio ? government controlled, or privately owned ? 2. To what extent is the service used for news reports ? Are the results 10. If radio facilities are government controlled, what law or government satisfactory ? policy, if any, would prove an obstacle 3. Would improved news communica- to co-operating with the United States tion with the United States be desired, for news communication between the and to what extent probably ? two countries at a low word rate? 4. From what sources, and in what way 11. Would existing conditions in your do the newspapers of your country re- country as to receipt and distribution ceive news of the world at large? of news, or the policy or interests of 5. Would receipt of world news by way newspaper publishers favor or oppose of the United States—if such news a connection by cable, or radio, with were uncensored and edited, if desired, the American Navy radio at Manila by your own representatives before Guam, or Hono,lutu, so as to secure sending—be considered an advantage? news interchange at a low word rate? Could such general news be received in 12. Has the advisability of co-opera- your country through co-operation with tion with the United States government U. S. navy radio sooner than through in this matter of news exchange been other agencies? considered by the newspapers or the 6. Do existing rates for transmission government of your country? If so, seriously curtail the use by newspapers to what extent, and with what result? in your country of news, either of the 13. Please offer also any information United States, or of the world at and suggestions deemed desirable as large? And do such rates reduce to present conditions and rates, and largely the amount of news from your possible betterment in service and rates country which newspapers in other por- in the transmission of commercial mes- tions of the world receive? sages between your country and the 7. If existing rates prove a handicap United States, or other countries on the in this matter, to what extent in your Pacific. judgment would your newspapers in- 14. Will you kindly favor me by fur- crease their use of foreign news if nishing any further data you regard satisfactory rates of transmission were as of value in consideration of this offered? Have you any opinion as to matter. Advertising Section

Haleiwa, "The House Beautiful," at Waialua, 30 miles by auto from Honolulu and on a line of the Oahu Railway. The most ideal hotel in Hawaii.

The Moana Hotel, Waikiki. The Alexander Young Hotel, Honolulu. The Seaside Hote , Waikiki, under one management. 2 THE MID-PACIFIC Commonwealth ofRwiratia HEAD OFFICE SYDNEY The Commonwealth Bank of Aus- mittances, and the thousand and one tralia has now established 52 branches things that go to make up the general and 3194 agencies throughout Austra- banking work are equally well han- lasia, as well as two branches in Lon- dled, and the various departments have don and one at Rabaul, New Britain, ever increasing facilities for the care- and in the successful working of these ful conduct of the Bank's affairs. 1673 Australians are employed. The The Savings Bank Dept. of the Com- Bank's staff suffered many losses monwealth Bank is now a huge busi- through the war, but the return of the ness as is indicated by the fact that large number of officers who were for- 3194 agencies have been established, tunate enough to survive the dangers and that depositors' balances total of that splendid service has materially £34,298,824, the number of accounts increased the Bank's efficiency and being 817,843. greatly widened its scope. In Decem- The Commonwealth Bank carried the ber last the Bank took over the Savings burden of the flotation of Australian Bank business of the Queensland Gov- War Loans and the War Savings Cer- ernment Savings Bank, and this amal- tificate Campaign. gamation meant an increase of £15,- War and Peace Loans amounted to 000,000 in depositors' balances and the £239,857,230, and War Savings Certifi- absorption of 200 of the Government cates, £7,353,630, giving in all a total Savings Bank Staff, and resulted in of £247,204,860. the opening of 23 new branches. It is Although the growth of the Com- noteworthy that the staff at Brisbane monwealth Bank has been phenomenal (the capital of Queensland), which and the activities of this institution are numbered five when the Bank first already more extensive than those of opened for business there, and 117 just any other Australian Bank, its expan- prior to the amalgamation, now num- sion has by no means reached its limit. bers 240, and as this is only one of 6 Under the Commonwealth Bank Act, capital branches, it is good evidence 1920, the management of the Austra- of the Bank's progress. lian Note Issue passes to the Common- In the trading section of the Bank wealth Bank. Up to the present it has at the head office and all branches, been conducted by the Commonwealth banking and exchange business of every Treasury, but under the new regime description is transacted within the the whole of the business will be cared Commonwealth, the United Kingdom for by a special new section of the and abroad. Bank called the Note Issue Dept., Cable remittances are made to and which operates under the direction of drafts may be drawn on foreign places a Board of Control, of which the Gov- direct. Letters of credit are issued to ernor of the Bank, Sir Denison Miller, any part of the world. Bills are nego- K. C. M. G., is Chairman. On the date tiated or forwarded for collection, cur- upon which this most important trans- rent accounts are opened and interest fer was made the total of notes out- paid on fixed deposits. standing was 55,012,564, including the Departments for the conduct of ordi- holdings of all Banks. The Common- nary general banking business, such as wealth Bank also holds a portion of the the handling of foreign exchanges. re- gold reserve held in this connection. THE MID-PACIFIC 3 The Island of Kauai

The Matson Navigation Company, maintaining the premier ferry service between Honolulu and San Francisco, have their Hawaiian agencies with Castle & Cooke, Ltd. This, one of the oldest firms in Hono- lulu, occupies a spacious building at the corner of Fort and Merchants streets, Honolulu. The ground floor is used as local passenger and freight offices of the Matson Navigation Company. The ad- joining offices are used by the firm for their business as sugar factors and in- surance agents ; Phone 1251. Castle & Cooke, Ltd., act as agents for many of the plantations throughout Ha- waii, and here may be secured much varied information. Here also the tour- ist may secure in the folder racks, book7 occvtitio tz of , lets and pamphlets descriptive of almost 7.Avvarrarr `;\ every part of the great ocean. islands Maps by courtesy of Castle & Cooke, Ltd.

NORMAX StH001. scau o, MIL:5

xe ,A1 Tut■ct mues 5$7 T,v0,,r9 +v Eitktot t8cncl 518 or 1213,,> PE opt Picato4i ar3607 74E1 4 THE MID-PACIFIC

Exterior.

Interior. The Home Building in Honolulu of the American Factors, Ltd., Plantation Agents and Wholesale Merchants. THE MID-PACIFIC 5

LL1 NORMAL SC CAI.E OF FIRES

PARtD AND COPY5 K H T PU p

Map by courtesy of Alexander c6 Baldwin, Ltd. The firm of Alexander & Baldwin, Ltd., ance Co., The Home Insurance Co. of (known by everyone as "A. & B."), is New York, The New Zealand Insurance looked upon as one of the most progres- Co., General A. F. & L. Assurance Cor- sive American corporations in Hawaii. poration, Switzerland Marine Insurance Alexander & Baldwin, Ltd., are agents Co., Ltd. for the largest sugar plantation of the The officers of this large and progres- Hawaiian Islands and second largest in sive firm, all of whom are staunch Sup- the world, namely, the Hawaiian Com- porters of the Pan-Pacific and other mercial & Sugar Company at Puunene, movements which are for the good of Maui. They are also agents for many other plantations and concerns of the Hawaii, are as follows : Islands, among which are the Haiku W. M. Alexander, President ; H. A. Sugar Company, Paia Plantation, Maui Baldwin, First Vice-President; J. Water- Agricultural Company, Hawaiian Sugar house, Second Vice-President and Man- Company, McBryde Sugar Company ager; W. 0. Smith, Third Vice-Pres- Ltd., Kahului Railroad Company, Kauai ident; John Guild, Secretary; C. R. Hem- Railroad Company, Ltd., and Honolua enway, Treasurer ; F. P. Baldwin, Direc- Ranch. tor ; J. R. Galt, Director ; A. L. Castle, This firm ships a larger proportion of Director. the total sugar crop of the Hawaiian Besides the home office in the Stangen- Islands than any other agency. wald Building, Honolulu, Alexander & In addition to their extensive sugar Baldwin, Ltd., maintain extensive offices plantations, they are also agents for the in Seattle, in the Melhorn Building; in following well-known and strong insur- New York at 82 Wall Street, and in the ance companies : Springfield Fire & Ma- Alaska Commercial Building, San Fran- rine Ins. Co., American Central Insur- cisco. 6 THE MID-PACIFIC The Trust Company in Hawaii I

In Hawaii the functions of a Trust with foreign markets and world condi- Company embrace a business of a very tions. wide scope. The Waterhouse Trust It has been slower to arrive in Hawaii, Company has made a specialty of real perhaps, than elsewhere in the United estate and has developed some of the States, but, it is a noticeable fact that the most prominent sections of Honolulu, day of the individual as Executor and many of which it still manages, so that Trustee is fast waning, and thinking the Tourist finds it of great assistance, men, men of brains and ability, are nam- when arriving in Honolulu, to get in ing Trust Companies in their wills to touch with its real estate department, handle their estates. This is due to the where he will receive expert, prompt and perpetual character of a Trust Company, courteous advice and service. its experience in every line of business, Another prominent qualification of this and the practical assurance that the company is its stock and bond depart- estate will not be wasted or dissipated. ment. It is not only particularly qualified The Waterhouse Trust Company handles to advise its clients as to local securities, some of the largest estates in the Terri- but, by means of correspondents in the tory and it particularly qualifies for these principal mainland cities is in close touch duties.

zation includes the trust department, stocks and bonds, investments, real estate, rentals, general insurance and safe deposit.

According to the latest report filed, the Trent Trust Co., Ltd., shows a capitalization of $100,000 ; undivided profits and surplus $253,300.72, and gross assets $953,004.10.

The Trent Trust Company, Limited, uses the banyan tree as its symbol, with T OCATED in Fort Street, 916-920, the inscription, Serving—Protecting- II i the principal, business thoroughfare En during. of Honolulu, the Trent Trust Company, Limited, has recently doubled its of- fice space by taking over the adjoining premises. During its fourteen years of existence, it has won to a remarkably high place in the confidence of the com- munity. Its success in handling estates has been especially notable. Its organi- THE MID-PACIFIC 7 Banking in Honolulu

The Bank of Bishop & Co., Ltd., the oldest bank in the Hawaiian Islands, was established in 1858, and until its incorp- oration in 1919, was known as The Banking House of Bishop & Co. The Bank has a Capital, fully paid, of $1,000,000.00, and a Surplus Fund of $661,478.77. The Deposits on December 31, 1921, were $13,237,681.05. The operations of the Bank began with the encouragement of the whaling business, at that The Yokohama Specie Bank, Limited, time one of the leading indus- tries of the Islands, and has ever been a a branch of the famous Japanese insti- power for Commercial and Industrial tution, with a subscribed capital of yen 100,000,000, or about $50,000,000, Progress. and a reserve fund of yen 50,000,000, The institution conducts a general occupies its magnificent building at the banking business and through its corre- corner of Merchant and Bethel streets, spondents located in all of the principal opposite the postoffice and Bishop & cities of the world can handle any for- eign or domestic business entrusted to it. Co. It is the most up-to-date fire-proof The Bank pays special attention to the building in Hawaii, the interior being needs of visitors. finished in bronze marble.

The Liberty House, Hawaii's pioneer dry goods store, established in 1850, rt has grown apace with the times until today it is an institution of service rivaling the most progressive mainland establishments in tin matter of its merchandising policies and business efficiency. TH MID-PACIFIC

The Honolulu Construction & bray- Stevedoring in Honolulu is attended ing Co., Ltd., owns more than one to by the firm of McCabe, Hamilton and hundred and fifty vehicles, ranging from Renny Co., Ltd., 20 South Queen Street. Ford trucks and small wagons to five Men of almost every Pacific race are cubic yards dump trucks and drays, and employed by this firm, and the men of trucks capable of hauling up to twenty- each race seem fitted for some particular five tons. The company does a large part of the work, so that quick and effi- percentage of the freight hauling, bag- cient is the loading and unloading of gage, furniture and piano moving and vessels in Honolulu. storage business. Its quarries supply A monument to the pluck and energy most of the crushed rock used in the of Mr. C. K. Ai and his associates is the construction of roads and large buildings City Mill Company, of which he is on the Island of Oahu. It also manu- treasurer and manager. This plant at factures concrete brick and pipe. The Queen and Kekaulike streets is one of offices of the company are at 65 to 71 Honolulu's leading enterprises, doing a South Queen Street. flourishing lumber and mill business.

The Catton, Neil Building, Honolulu. Also the home of the General Electric Company in Hawaii. THE MID-PACIFIC 9

SHOE STORE ADOPTS POLICY THE HAWAIIAN NEWS CO. AND UNUSUAL IN THAT BUSINESS THRUM'S LTD. Sometime in your life you've bought a pair of shoes that seemed to fit all The largest of the very fashionable right in the shop, but made you miser- shops in the Alexander Young Building, able after you had worn them awhile. occupying the very central portion, is that The dealer offered you no relief ; the of the Hawaiian News Company and shoes had been worn, so they couldn't Thrum's Ltd. Here the ultra-fashionable be returned or exchanged. stationery of the latest design is kept in But the Regal Shoe Store, 1031 stock. Every kind of paper, wholesale Fort Street, Honolulu, does things dif- or retail, is supplied, as well as printers' ferently. George A. Brown, manager and binders' supplies. There are musical of the Regal, has always felt that the chief function of a store is to satisfy instruments of every kind in stock, even its customers. A customer can't be to organs and pianos, and the Angelus satisfied if his shoes hurt. Very well, Player Piano, and this concern is con- take 'em back and get a comfortable pair. stantly adding new features and new If there are none on hand to fit you, stock. The business man will find his you get your money back. Makes no every need in the office supplied by the difference whether you've worn the Hawaiian News Company merely on a shoes a day or a week. No extra charge, call over the phone, and this is true also no embarrassing questions, just shoes of the fashionable society leader, or money. whether her needs are for a bridge Which seems to us about as far as party, a dance, or just plain stationery. one can go with a guarantee. Our The exhibit rooms of the Hawaiian News greatest asset is satisfied customers. Company are interesting. Honolulu from the Trolley Car

The Trolley Car at the Judiciary Building and Statue of Komehameha "the Great." 10 THE MID-PACIFIC

FERTILIZING THE SOIL. Millions of dollars are spent in Hawaii fertilizing the cane and pineapple fields. The Pacific Guano and Fertilizer Com- pany, with large works and warehouses in Honolulu, imports from every part of the Globe the many ship loads of ammonia, nitrates, potash, sulphur and guano that go to make the special fertilizers needed for the varied soils and conditions of the is- lands. Its chemists test the soils and then give the recipe for the particular blend of fertilizer that is needed. This great industry is one of the results of successful sugar planting in Hawaii, and without fertilizing, sugar growing in the Hawaiian Islands could not be successful. This company began operations in Mid- way Islands years ago, finally exhausting its guano beds, but securing others.

has the same rich, refreshing flavor as the sliced. It is particularly handy for the making of endless menu treats such as desserts, salads, puddings, tarts, punches, frozen dainties and cooling, thirst-quenching drinks. Canned Hawaiian pineapple today is eaten in almost every part of the world. and the growing, preparation and ship- ment of the crop is second in import- ance only to Hawaii's sugar output. A pack which in 1901 amounted to only 2,000 cases has now nearly reached 6,000,000 cases. The reason for the industry's remark- able growth is simple. The Hawaiian growers have found that canning is the one sure way to preserve the ripe fruit in its most tempting state. It is picked "OH BOY! AIN'T IT GOOD?" at the moment of perfection, carried to the cannery and packed at once, with The very taste of delicious Hawaiian all, its fresh, delicate flavor held within Pineapple Pie is irresistible. If you've the can. never tried it you've a new gastronomic "Picked ripe—canned right" joy still ahead. For convenience' sake For information, address Association use crushed pineapple. You can get it of Hawaiian Pineapple Canners. P.O. in that form from your dealer and it Box 3166, Honolulu, Hawaii, U. S. A. THE MID-PACIFIC 11 The Builders of Honolulu

Honolulu still relies for building ma- \ lakea Street. Here one may find almost terial on the mainland. For many years anything. Phone No. 6141. the firm of Lewers & Cooke maintained its own line of clipper schooners that The Pacific Engineering Company. brought down lumber from Puget Sound Ltd., with spacious quarters in the Yoko with which to "build Hawaii." Today Kama Specie Bank Building, Honolulu, the firm occupies its own spacious block are engineers and constructors of build- on King Street, where every necessity ings of every kind, from the smallest pri- needed for building the home is supplied. vate residences to the large and imposing In fact, often it is this firm that guaran- business blocks. Being made up of some tees the contractor, and also assures the of the most prominent men in the Islands owner that his house will be well built and it is not surprising that it secures some completed on time. Things are done on of the large and important contracts. a large scale in Hawaii ; so it is that one The Y. M. C. A. building in Honolulu firm undertakes to supply material from was the work of this firm. the breaking of ground until the last coat of paint is put on the completed building. With the wood that is used for building A spacious and splendidly equipped hard- in Hawaii, Alen & Robinson on Queen ware department is one of the features Street, Phone 2105, have for generations of Lewers & Cooke's establishment. supplied the people of Honolulu and those on the other islands ; also their buildings The Von Hamm-Young Co., Importers. and paints. Their office is on Queen Machinery Merchants, and leading auto- Street, near the Inter-Island S. N. Com- mobile dealers, have their offices and store pany Building, and their lumber yards in the Alexander Young Building, at the extend right back to the harbor front, corner of King and Bishop streets, and where every kind of hard and soft wood their magnificent automobile salesroom grown on the coast is landed by the and garage just in the rear, facing on schooners that ply from Puget Sound. 12 THE MID-PACIFIC

Dairy, its ice cream, eggs and milks are pure and fresh almost hourly. For the shopper there is no more enticing cafe in Honolulu than the Quality Inn.

The leading music store in Hawaii is on King and Fort Streets—the Berg- strom Music Company. No home is com- plete in Honolulu without an ukulele, a piano and a Victor talking machine. The The Land of the Lanai. Bergstrom Music Company, with its big store on Fort Street, will provide you The Halekulani, Hotel and Bunga- with these—a Mason & Hamlin, a Chickering, a Weber for your mansion, lows, 2199 Kalia Road, "on the Beach or a tiny upright Boudoir for your cot- at Waikiki." Famous hau tree lanai tage ; and if you are a transient it will along the ocean front. Rates, from $3.00 rent you a piano. The Bergstrom Music per day to $75.00 per month and up, Company, phone 2321. American plan. Clifford Kimball. Love's Bakery at 1134 Nuuanu Street, Child's Blaisdell Hotel and Restaurant, Phone 1431, is the bakery of Honolulu. Fort Street and Chaplain Lane, Hono- Its auto wagons deliver each morning lulu, occupies a modern concrete build- fresh from the oven, the delicious baker's ing, the cleanest, coolest hotel in Hono- bread and rolls consumed in Honolulu, lulu—within two blocks of the center while all the grocery stores carry Love's of the shopping, business and amuse- Bakery crisp, fresh crackers and biscuits ment district. In the restaurant, clean- that come from the oven daily. Love's liness, service and reasonable prices are Bakery has the most complete and up to the main endeavor in this department. date machinery and equipment in the We strive to give the maximum in food Territory. and service at a minimum cost, and that are doing so is attested to by our The Sweet Shop, on Hotel Street, op- constantly increasing patronage. posite the Alexander Young, is the one reasonably priced tourist restaurant. The Pan-Pacific Gardens, on Kuakini Here there is a quartette of Hawaiian street, near Nuuanu Avenue, constitute singers and players, and here at every one of the finest Japanese Tea Gardens hour may be enjoyed at very reasonable imaginable Here some wonderful prices the delicacies of the season. Japanese dinners are served, and visitors are welcomed to the gardens at all times. Honolulu is so healthy that people Adjoining these gardens are the wonder- don't usually die there, but when they do ful Liliuokalani gardens and the series they phone in advance to Henry H. Wil- of waterfalls. Phone 5611. liams, 1374 Nuuanu St., phone number 1408, and he arranges the after details. If you are a tourist and wish to be inter- The Quality Inn on Hotel Street, red in your own plot on the mainland, near Fort, is aptly named, not quite a Williams will embalm you; or he will ar- restaurant, it serves dainty lunches and range all details for interment in Hono- afternoon teas as well as light breakfasts. lulu. Don't leave the Paradise of the Its candies and soft drinks are the best, Pacific for any other, but if you must, let and dealing directly with Rawley's your friends talk it over with Williams. THE MID-PACIFIC 13 South Manchuria Railway Company I •••■••■■•••••■•

Operating All Lines in South Manchuria and Chosen (Korea) East of Mukden.

A street scene in quaint old Seoul, the Korean Capital, now being modernized.

Yt is a wonderful railway ride from Mukden and Seoul. There are six Japan to Peking by the South Man- trains daily each way on the Man- churia Railway Company trains, or vice churia branch lines to Port Arthur versa. There is a ferry service between (including non-stop express) Yingkou the Japanese Railway service and that (Newchwang) and Fushun (the col- of Korea, Manchuria and China. A liery town), and several trains daily night on the ferry boat and then the each way on the Chosen branch lines. ride through Chosen or Korea to the There is a Dairen-Tsingtao-Shanghai capital Seoul, and on through Northern Steamer Service two trips each way per Korea into and across Manchuria, visit- nine days. ing the quaint capital Mukden and into There are modern hotels at all im- China. portant centers and cheap Overland and There are dining and sleeping cars on Circular tours over the entire system, these trains and all the comforts of and from the cities of Japan to the modern railway travel. cities on railway lines in China. From Dairen, the great commercial The head office of the South Man- port, at the top of the Liao-Tung Pen- churia Railway Company is at Dairen. insula, there are three trains a day to The cable address is "Mantetsu" or Changohun via Mukden, and two trains "SMRCo," the codes used being A.B.C. a day from Changohun to Fusan, via 5th, 6th, Ed., Al., Liebers & Bentley's. 14 THE MID-PACIFIC

South Australia and Tasmania

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SOUTH AUSTRALIA. TASMANIA. From San Francisco, Vancouver and Tasmania is one of the finest tourist from Honolulu there are two lines of fast resorts in the southern hemisphere, only steamships to Sydney, Australia. ten hours' run from the Australian main- land. Between Launceston and Melbourne From Sydney to Adelaide, South Aus- the fastest turbine steamer in Australia tralia, there is a direct railway line on runs thrice weekly and there is a regular which concession fares are granted tour- service from Sydney to Hobart. ists arriving from overseas, and no The island is a prolific orchard country visitor to the Australian Common- and has some of the finest fruit growing wealth can afford to neglect visit- tracts in the world. The climate is cooler ing the southern central state of than the rest of Australia. Australia ; for South Australia is the state of superb climate and unrivalled The lakes and rivers are nearly all resources. Adelaide, the "Garden City stocked with imported trout, which grow to weights not reached in other parts of the South," is the Capital, and there is of Australia. a Government Intelligence and Tourist Bureau, where the tourist, investor, or The Tasmanian Government deals settler is given accurate information, directly with the tourist. Hobart, the guaranteed by the government, and free capital—one of the most beautiful cities to all. From Adelaide this Bureau con- in the world—is the headquarters of the ducts rail, river and motor excursions to Tasmanian Government Tourist Depart- almost every part of the state. Tourists ment; and the bureau will arrange for are sent or conducted through the mag- transport of the visitor to any part of nificent mountain and pastoral scenery of the island. A shilling trip to a local South Australia. The government makes resort is not too small for the Govern- travel easy by a system of coupon tickets ment Bureau to handle, neither is a tour and facilities for caring for the comfort of the whole island too big. There is a of the tourist. Excursions are arranged branch office in Launceston performing to the holiday resorts ; individuals or the same functions. parties are made familiar with the in- an dustrial resources, and the American as The Tasmanian Government has well as the Britisher is made welcome if up-to-date office in Melbourne, at 59 he cares to make South Australia his William Street, next door to the New home. Zealand Government office, where guide- books, tickets, and information can be The South Australian Intelligence and procured. The address of the Sydney Tourist Bureau has its headquarters on office is 56 Pitt Street, and Tasmania King William Street, Adelaide, and the also has its own offices in Adelaide, government has printed many illustrated Brisbane and Perth. books and pamphlets describing the scenic For detailed information regarding and industrial resources of the state. A Tasmania, either as to travel or settle- postal card or letter to the Intelligence ment, enquirers should write to Mr. and Tourist Bureau in Adelaide will se- E. T. Emmett, the Director of the Tas- cure the books and information you may manian Government Tourist Dept., desire. Hobart, Tasmania. THE MID-PACIFIC 15 .11•■••••••,, Wonderful New Zealand

Native New Zealanders at Rotorua.

Scenically New Zealand is the world's throughout the Dominion for the benefit wonderland. There is no other place in of the tourist, for whom she has also the world that offers such an aggrega- built splendid roads and wonderful moun- tion of stupendous scenic wonders. The tain tracks. New Zealand is splendidly West Coast Sounds of New Zealand are served by the Government Railways, in every way more magnificent and awe- which sell the tourist for a very low inspiring than are the fjords of Norway. rate, a ticket that entitles him to travel Its chief river, the Wanganui, is a scenic on any of the railways for from one to panorama of unrivalled beauty from end two months. In the lifetime of a single to end. Its hot springs and geysers in man (Sir James Mills of Dunedin, New the Rotorua district on the North Island Zealand) a New Zealand steamship com- have no equal anywhere. In this district pany has been built up that is today the the native Maoris still keep up their fourth largest steamship company under ancient dances or haka haka, and here the British flag, and larger than any may be seen the wonderfully carved steamship company owned in America, houses of the aboriginal New Zealanders. with her 100,000,000 population, or in There are no more beautiful lakes any- Japan with her 50,000,000 population. where in the world than are the Cold New Zealand is a land of wonders, and Lakes of the South Island, nestling as may be reached from America by the they do among mountains that rise sheer Union Steamship Company boats from ten thousand feet. Among these moun- Vancouver, San Francisco or Honolulu. tains are some of the largest and most The Oceanic Steamship Company also scenic glaciers in the world. In these transfers passengers from Sydney. The Southern Alps is Mt. Cook, more than Government Tourist Bureau has commo- twelve thousand feet high. On its slopes dious offices in Auckland and Wellington the Government has built a hotel to which as well as the other larger cities of New there is a motor car service. Zealand. Direct information and pam- New Zealand was the first country to phlets may be secured by writing to the perfect the government tourist bureau. New Zealand Government Tourist Bu- She has built I-otels and rest houses reau, Wellington, New Zealand. 16 THE MID-PACIFIC

The Attractions of Canada from the Atlantic to the Pacific

Canada is rich in attractions to tourists Mountain Goat, Big Horn Sheep and of all sorts and conditions. Among the Bear are to be found. countries of the world, none are richer The total railway mileage in operation either in variety or extent. is about 39,000 miles—of this 22,354 are The natural resources of the Do- operated by the Canadian National—the minion are remarkable. Largest Railway System in the World. The Continental Limited operated from To the manufacturer and agriculturist the Atlantic to the Pacific by the Ca- no country offers greater opportunities. nadian National is one of the finest Some conception of the attraction trains in Canada, which means one of Canada affords the Sporting Hunter the finest in the world. may be realized from the fact that with- Further information gladly furnished in her borders are still over half a mil- by Osborne Scott, General Passenger lion acres of forest lands in which such Agent, Canadian National Railways, game as Moose, Elk, Caribou, Deer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Grouril6Rice