World Bank Document

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

World Bank Document Document of The World Bank Public Disclosure Authorized Report No.: 20986 CD PROJECT APPRAISAL DOCUMENT Public Disclosure Authorized ONA PROPOSED CREDIT IN THE AMOUNT OF SDR 50.8 MILLION (US$67 MILLION EQUIVALENT) TO THE REPUBLIC OF CHAD FOR THE Public Disclosure Authorized NATIONAL TRANSPORT PROGRAM SUPPORT PROJECT September 29, 2000 Public Disclosure Authorized TransportGroup (AFTTR) Centraland WesternAfrica Africa Region CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of August 17, 2000) Currency Unit = FCFA FCFA 720 = US$ 1.00 US$0.138 = 100 FCFA BORROWER'S FISCAL YEAR: January 1 - December 31 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AFD Agence Fran,aise de Developpement AfDB African Development Bank CAER Compte Autonome d'Entretien Routier CAS Country Assistance Strategy CISCP Cellule Intenninisterielle de Suivi et Coordination des Projets DR Direction des Routes DTS Direction des Transports de Surface DEP Direction des Etudes et de la Programmation EU European Union FED Fonds Europeen de Developpement FER Fonds d'Entretien Routier IMF International Monetary Fund IMT Intermediate Means of Transport MTPTHU Ministere des Travaux Publics, Transports, Habitat et Urbanisme NMT Non-Motorized Transport NPV Net Present Value PIEU Project Implementation Unit PPF Project Preparation Facility PST2 Second Transport Sector Project RTT Rural Travel and Transport RTTP Rural Travel and Transport Program SNER Societe Nationale d'Entretien Routier SSATP Sub- Saharan Africa Transport Policy Program VOC Vehicle Operating Costs Vice President: Callisto Madavo Country Director: Robert Calderisi Sector Manager: Maryvonne Plessis-Fraissard Task Team Leader: Andreas Schliessler Chad National Transport Program Support Project CONTENTS A Project Development Objective .................................................................. 2 1. Project development objective.................................................................. 2 2. Key performance indicators ................................................................. 2 B Strategic Context .................................................................. 4 1. Sector-related Country Assistance Strategy (CAS) goal supported by the project ....... 4 2. Main sector issues and Government strategy .................................................................. 4 3. Sector issues to be addressed by the project and strategic choices ......................... 10 C Project Description Summary ................................................................. 12 1. Project components ................................................................. 12 2. Key policy and institutional reforms supported by the project..................................... 13 3. Benefits and target population ........................ ......................................... 13 4. Institutional and implementation arrangements ............................................................ 14 D Project Rationale .............. ,15 1. Project alternatives considered and reasons for rejection ............................................. 15 2. Major related projects financed by the Bank and/or other development agencies ...... 16 3. Lessons learned and reflected in the project design....................................................... 17 4. Indications of borrower commitment and ownership ................................................... 17 5. Value added of Bank support in this project ................................................................ 18 E Summary Project Analysis ................................................................ 18 1. Economic ................................................................ 18 2. Financial ................................................................ 20 3. Technical ................................................................ 21 4. Institutional ................................................................ 21 5. Social ................................................................ 23 6. Environmental assessment ................................................................ 24 7. Participatory approach ................................................................ 26 F Sustainability and Risks ................................................................ 28 1. Sustainability ................................................................ 28 2. Critical Risks ................................................................ 28 3. Possible Controversial Aspects................................................................ 28 G Main Credit Conditions....................... 29 1. Effectiveness Conditions ................. 29 2. Other ................. 29 H Readiness for Implementation....................... 30 I Compliance with Bank Policies....................... 30 Annexes Annex 1. Project Design Summary Annex 2. Detailed Project Description Annex 3. Estimated Project Costs Annex 4. Cost-Benefit Analysis Summary Annex 5. Financial Summary Annex 6. Procurement and Disbursement Arrangements Annex 7. Project Processing Schedule Annex 8. Documents in Project File Annex 9. Statement of Loans and Credits Annex 10. Country at a Glance Annex 11. Procurement Capacity Assessment - Summary Annex 12. Summary of Transport Sector Environmental Assessment Maps (2) CHAD National Transport Program Support Project Project Appraisal Document Africa RegionalOffice AFTTR Date: September29, 2000 Team Leader: Andreas Schliessler CountryDirector: Robert Calderisi Sector Manager: Maryvonne Plessis-Fraissard ProjectID: P035672 Sector(s): TH -Highways LendingInstrument: SpecificInvestment Loan (SIL) Theme(s): PovertyReduction; Transport Poverty Targeted Intervention: N Project Financing Data O Loan 1 Credit Ol Grant El Guarantee [ Other (Specify) For Loans/Credits/Others: Amount(US$m): 67.0 Proposed Terms: Standard Credit Grace period (years): Years to maturity: Commitment fee: Service charge: % Financing Plan: _0r L FOn: u _ TOWl GOVERNMENT 24.13 0.00 24.13 IDA 22.44 44.56 67.00 Total: 46.57 44.56 91.13 Borrower:REPUBLIC OF CHAD Responsibleagency: MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS,TRANSPORT, HABITAT AND URBAN DEV. ProjectCoordination Unit (CISCP) Address: N'Djamena,Chad ContactPerson: AhmedNene Tassy, Project Coordinator,Ministry of Public Works, Transport,Habitat and Urban Development. l'el: (235) 52 27 71 Fax: (235) 52 37 09 Email: [email protected] Other Agency(ies): Ministry of EconomicPromotion and Development Address: N'Djamena,Chad Contact Person: Mr. AhmedLa_nine Al, Ministre Estimateddisbursements( Bank FYIUS$M): Anua 1 2ii1 200 2004 200 Annual 22.7 23.6 13.7 4.5 2.5 Cumulative 22.7 46.3 60.0 64.5 67.0 Project implementationperiod: 5 years Expected effectivenessdate: 12/31/2000 Expected closing date: 07/31/2006 OC=PAD F-m R. lh, Z A. Project DevelopmentObjective 1. Projectdevelopment objective: (see Annex I) The overall development objectiveof Chad's National Transport Program is the reduction of poverty and rural isolation, through improved year-round access to markets and services (both social and administrative)especially in the rural areas, where more than 90 percent of the poor live. The National Transport Program is also aimed at improving national food security, a critical issue in Chad, where repeatedfamines have occurred in different parts of the country. Furthermore,reliable access to regional markets within Chad will contribute to a reduction and stabilization of consumer prices for basic consumptiongoods and more stabilizedincomes to farmers,most of whom are vulnerableand poor. The project (National Transport Program Support Project, in French PAProNaT - Projet d'Appui au Programme National des Transports) will directly support the implementationof the Government's National TransportProgram and the underlyingTransport Sector Strategy,which were developedunder the ongoing Second Transport Sector Project (PST2). The National Transport Program was defined and formulated during 1998 and 1999, taking into account the outcomes of numerous participatory consultationsnot only with rural communities,but also across sectors, including mainly health, education and agriculture/ruraldevelopment. The funds provided by the Bank under this project will finance roughly 15 percent of the expenditures programmed under the National Transport Program for the period 2000-2005,the remainder being financed by numerous other donors and the Government. PAProNaT is thus part of a much larger and multisectoraleffort of the Government and the entire donor community active in Chad. However, in response to requestsby the Governmentand various donors, the project will also monitor the overall progressof the National TransportProgram. 2. Key performanceindicators: (see Annex 1) The proposed project (PAProNaT) constitutes an integral part of the much larger National Transport Program 2000-2005. There are therefore two sets of performanceindicators to be monitored, the first set relating to the overall goals of National Transport Program as a whole, and the second set relating to the much more specificand limitedgoals of the PAProNaTto be financedby the Bank. The underlyingjustification of the National Transport Program is that reliable year round access to markets and services is an essential ingredient in the broader effort to reduce poverty and improve food security. Because Chad is a vast country with very limited human and financial resources, the National Transport Plan has been calibrated to ensure a minimum level of transport infrastructureand services that (i) can be sustained with resourcesmostly generatedwithin Chad; and
Recommended publications
  • Myr 2010 Chad.Pdf
    ORGANIZATIONS PARTICIPATING IN CONSOLIDATED APPEAL CHAD ACF CSSI IRD UNDP ACTED EIRENE Islamic Relief Worldwide UNDSS ADRA FAO JRS UNESCO Africare Feed the Children The Johanniter UNFPA AIRSERV FEWSNET LWF/ACT UNHCR APLFT FTP Mercy Corps UNICEF Architectes de l’Urgence GOAL NRC URD ASF GTZ/PRODABO OCHA WFP AVSI Handicap International OHCHR WHO BASE HELP OXFAM World Concern Development Organization CARE HIAS OXFAM Intermon World Concern International CARITAS/SECADEV IMC Première Urgence World Vision International CCO IMMAP Save the Children Observers: CONCERN Worldwide INTERNEWS Sauver les Enfants de la Rue International Committee of COOPI INTERSOS the Red Cross (ICRC) Solidarités CORD IOM Médecins Sans Frontières UNAIDS CRS IRC (MSF) – CH, F, NL, Lux TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................................................................................. 1 Table I: Summary of requirements and funding (grouped by cluster) ................................................... 3 Table II: Summary of requirements and funding (grouped by appealing organization).......................... 4 Table III: Summary of requirements and funding (grouped by priority)................................................... 5 2. CHANGES IN THE CONTEXT, HUMANITARIAN NEEDS AND RESPONSE ........................................... 6 3. PROGRESS TOWARDS ACHIEVING STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES AND SECTORAL TARGETS .......... 9 3.1 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 2.3 Chad Road Network
    2.3 Chad Road Network National Road Network Rural network Distance Matrix Time Travel Matrix Road Security Weighbridges Axle Load Limits Bridges Road Class Statistics of the existing roads in Chad Surface Conditions Rain Barriers Ouadis (drifts) Page 1 Page 2 For information on Chad Road Network contact details, please see the following link: 4.1 Chad Government Contact List Located in Central Africa at an average altitude of 200 meters, Chad is a large Sahelian country stretching over 2,000 km from north to south and 1,000 km from east to west, covering an area of 1,284 .000 km². Totally landlocked, it shares 5,676 km of borders with 6 bordering countries, including: • 1,055 km to the north with Libya along an almost straight line • 1,360 km to the east with Sudan. • 1,197 km to the south with the Central African Republic. • 889 km to the southwest with Nigeria (89 km of common territorial waterscon Lake Chad) and Cameroon (800 km). • 1,175 km to the west with Niger Chad's road network, both paved and unpaved, is very poorly rarely maintained. According to official road authorities 6000 km of asphalted roads are planned of which a total of 2,086 km are paved and open to the traffic at end of 2014. A 380-km construction project is underway. 4 large asphalting projects planned since 2010 are ongoing and constructions are realized by one Chinese enterprise and Arab Contractor an Egyptian enterprise. Moundou Doba – Koumra (190 km); Massaget – Massakory (72 km) Bokoro – Arboutchatak (65 km); Abeche – Am Himede – Oul Hadjer – Mongo.
    [Show full text]
  • Wt/Tpr/S/285 • Chad
    WT/TPR/S/285 • CHAD - 369 - ANNEX 5 CHAD WT/TPR/S/285 • CHAD - 370 - CONTENTS 1 ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ...................................................................................... 373 1.1 Main features ......................................................................................................... 373 1.2 Recent economic developments ................................................................................ 375 1.3 Trends in trade and investment ................................................................................ 376 1.4 Outlook ................................................................................................................. 379 2 TRADE AND INVESTMENT REGIMES ......................................................................... 380 2.1 Overview ............................................................................................................... 380 2.2 Trade policy objectives ............................................................................................ 383 2.3 Trade agreements and arrangements ........................................................................ 383 2.3.1 World Trade Organization ...................................................................................... 383 2.3.2 Relations with the European Union ......................................................................... 384 2.3.3 Relations with the United States ............................................................................ 384 2.3.4 Other agreements ...............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Chad: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
    © 2003 International Monetary Fund July 2003 IMF Country Report No. 03/209 Chad: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs) are prepared by member countries in broad consultation with stakeholders and development partners, including the staffs of the World Bank and the IMF. Updated every three years with annual progress reports, they describe the country's macroeconomic, structural, and social policies in support of growth and poverty reduction, as well as associated external financing needs and major sources of financing. This country document for Chad, dated June 2003, is being made available on the lMF website by agreement with the member country as a service to users of the IMF website. To assist the IMF in evaluating the publication policy, reader comments are invited and may be sent by e-mail to [email protected]. Copies of this report are available to the public from International Monetary Fund • Publication Services 1 700 19 h Street, N.W. • Washington, D.C. 20431 Telephone: (202) 623-7430 • Telefax: (202) 623-7201 E-mail: [email protected] • Internet: http://www.imf.org Price: $15.00 a copy International Monetary Fund Washington, D.C. REPUBLIC OF CHAP Unity- Work- Progress MINISTRY OF PLANNING, DEVELOPMENT AND COOPERATION PRSP Steering Committee National Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper N'Djamena- June 2003 ls<'' R r·g (/ . .fi ' nf, ,,;, v EPUBtt!lUE 1\lTa>AfRU::::.All\lE 1 PREFACE Poverty is just as much a challenge today as it ever was, as the recent improvement in Africa's economic situation is still insufficient and the continent remains relegated to the srdelines of the world economy.
    [Show full text]
  • An Analysis of the Grain-Marketing System in Chad
    ,t) AN ANALYSIS OF THE GRAIN-MARKETING SYSTEM IN CHAD Prepared for U.S. Agency for International Development Contract No. 624-0510-1-11-7018-00 Eugene Grasberg, Ph.D. Dr. Adly Hassanein. February 1988 DAt Development Alternatives, Inc. 624 Ninth Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20001 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS PMc ACKNOWLEDGMENT ................. ... vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................. ix CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION ...... ............... 1 BACKGROUND ......... ............................... 1.I FOOD SECURITY AND GRAIN PRODUCTION IN CHAD .... ............ 2 THE GRAIN MARKETING STUDY IN CHAD ....... .................. 3 Objectives ............ ................................. 3 Approach and Methodology .......... .......................... 3 CHAPTER TWO CHADIAN PRODUCTION SYSTEMS ............... 7 GOVERNMENTAL PRODUCTION POLICY ....... ................... 7 Self-Sufficiency Strategies ...... .. .. .......................... 7 Emergency Relief Interventions ......... ........................ 7 Irrigation Projects for Enhanced Cereal Production ...... ................ 8 CEREALS CROP PRODUCTION ......... ........................ 9 CROPS: VOLUMES, VALUES, CONTRIBUTION TO GDP ..... ............ 10 Composition ............ ................................ 10 Value and Contribution to GDP ......... ........................ 11 STABLE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS ...... ....................... .. 12 A Model .......... ................................. .12 Conclusions ............ ................................. 15 CHAPTER THREE COMMERCIALIZATION ..... ............
    [Show full text]
  • Public Investment to Reverse Dutch Disease: the Case of Chad
    ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank Jean Paul Azam and Martin Ravallion for suggestions and helpful discussions. I would also like to thank Rodrigo Cubero, one anonymous referee from the Journal of African Economies and Xinshen Diao whose recommendations greatly helped to improve this paper. Useful comments on the paper were received from Stéphane Calipel, Laurent Pipitone, Denis Gromb, Sherman Robinson, Marc Vielle and seminar participants at Toulouse University, the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and the CSAE annual conference at Oxford University. I would like to thank Erwin De Wandel, Jean Boursicot and the members of the French Embassy in N’Djamena for their assistance with the practical and professional aspects of my work in Chad and for making my stay there a true pleasure. All errors are mine. iii iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................... iii TABLE OF CONTENTS...................................................................................................v LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES................................................................................ vi ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................... vii I. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................9 II. THE MODEL.......................................................................................................15 The
    [Show full text]
  • North and West Africa Acknowledgements the Subregional Factsheet Was Prepared by Marion De Vries
    Subregional Report on Animal Genetic Resources: North and West Africa Acknowledgements The Subregional Factsheet was prepared by Marion De Vries. Subregional Priorities were compiled by Milan Zjalic. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product for educational or other non-commercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of material in this information product for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the copyright holders. Applications for such permission should be addressed to: Chief Electronic Publishing Policy and Support Branch Communication Division FAO Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy or by e-mail to: [email protected] © FAO 2007 Citation: FAO.
    [Show full text]
  • Chadfiecp Third Highwayproject FILECOPY Appraisalreport Public Disclosure Authorized
    Report No. 1834b-CD ChadFIECP Third HighwayProject FILECOPY AppraisalReport Public Disclosure Authorized July6, 1978 Western Africa Project Department Highways Division FOR OFFICIAL USEONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Document of the World Bank This document hasa restricteddistribution and may be usedby recipients only in the performanceof their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosedwithout World Bankauthorization. Currency Equivalents US$1.00 CCFAF 245 Fiscal Year January 1 - December 31 System of Weights and Measures: Metric Metric British/US 1 meter (m) = 3.3 feet (ft) 1 kilometer (km) 2 0.6 miles (mi) 1 square kilometer (km ) = 0.4 square miles (sq mi) 1 metric ton (m ton) = 1.1 tons (short tons) I liter (1) = 2.1 pints (pts) Abbreviations and Acronyms ADF - African Development Fund ASECNA - Agence pour la Securite de la Navigation Aerienne en Afrique et a Madagascar ATEC - Agence Transequatoriale des Communications BDT - Banque de Developpement du Tchad BTCD - Banque Tchadienne de Credits et Depots CTT - Cooperative des Transporteurs Tchadiens DCA - Directorate of Civil Aviation DPD - Directorate of Planning and Development DPW - Directorate of Public Works DT - Directorate of Transport EIO - Equipment Inspection Office ENTP - Ecole Nationale des Travaux Publics FAC - Fonds d'Aide et de Cooperation FED - Fonds Europeen de Developpement ICAO - International Civil Aviation Organization MCWMG - Ministry of Civil Works, Mines and Geology MEPT - Ministry
    [Show full text]
  • Chad's Oil: Miracle Or Mirage?
    Chad’s Oil: Miracle or Mirage? Following the Money in Africa’s Newest Petro-State Ian Gary Catholic Relief Services Nikki Reisch Bank Information Center Report Team Authors: Ian฀Gary Strategic฀Issues฀Advisor฀–฀Extractive฀Industries Catholic฀Relief฀Services Nikki฀Reisch Africa฀Program฀Coordinator Bank฀Information฀Center Graphic฀Designer: Paul฀O’Donnell Senior฀Graphic฀Designer Catholic฀Relief฀Services Translators: Mike฀Flynn Anne-Marie฀Lavoie Research฀for฀this฀report฀was฀conducted฀from฀September฀2002฀to฀November฀2004฀฀ and฀included฀field฀research฀in฀Chad฀in฀September฀2002,฀August฀2003฀and฀May฀and฀฀ October฀2004.฀ Acknowledgements:฀The฀authors฀would฀like฀to฀thank฀CRS฀staff฀at฀headquarters฀in฀ Baltimore฀as฀well฀as฀field฀staff฀in฀Africa฀for฀providing฀invaluable฀assistance฀to฀make฀ this฀report฀possible,฀especially฀Paul฀O’Donnell,฀Bill฀O’Keefe,฀Cecile฀Sorra,฀Caroline฀ Brennan,฀Nicole฀Poirier,฀Marguerite฀Dombaya,฀Oliver฀Mokom,฀Jean฀Baptiste฀Talla,฀ Jennifer฀Nazaire฀and฀Nell฀Bolton.฀฀Thanks฀also฀to฀Bank฀Information฀Center฀staff,฀ including฀Manish฀Bapna฀and฀Graham฀Saul,฀for฀their฀support฀and฀feedback. This฀report฀would฀not฀have฀been฀possible฀without฀the฀continued฀collaboration,฀support฀ and฀assistance฀of฀numerous฀individuals฀and฀organizations฀in฀Chad.฀฀We฀would฀like฀ to฀thank฀the฀members฀of฀the฀civil฀society฀networks฀monitoring฀petroleum฀activities,฀ including฀the฀Commissions฀Permanente฀Pétrole฀(CPPL/CPPN/RESAP);฀the฀Justice฀ and฀Peace฀Commission฀of฀the฀Catholic฀Church;฀as฀well฀as฀GRAMP/TC,฀Intermon฀and฀ Swissaid.฀฀We฀would฀also฀like฀to฀thank฀members฀and฀technical฀staff฀of฀the฀College฀de฀
    [Show full text]
  • Cap 2009 Chad Vol1 Screen 11.Pdf (English)
    SAMPLE OF ORGANISATIONS PARTICIPATING IN CONSOLIDATED APPEALS AARREC COSV HT MDM TGH ACF CRS Humedica MEDAIR UMCOR ACTED CWS IA MENTOR UNAIDS ADRA Danchurchaid ILO MERLIN UNDP Africare DDG IMC NCA UNDSS AMI-France Diakonie Emergency Aid INTERMON NPA UNEP ARC DRC Internews NRC UNESCO ASB EM-DH INTERSOS OCHA UNFPA ASI FAO IOM OHCHR UN-HABITAT AVSI FAR IPHD OXFAM UNHCR CARE FHI IR PA (formerly ITDG) UNICEF CARITAS Finnchurchaid IRC PACT UNIFEM CEMIR INTERNATIONAL FSD IRD PAI UNJLC CESVI GAA IRIN Plan UNMAS CFA GOAL IRW PMU-I UNOPS CHF GTZ Islamic RW PU UNRWA CHFI GVC JOIN RCO VIS CISV Handicap International JRS Samaritan's Purse WFP CMA HealthNet TPO LWF SECADEV WHO CONCERN HELP Malaria Consortium Solidarités World Concern Concern Universal HelpAge International Malteser SUDO World Relief COOPI HKI Mercy Corps TEARFUND WV CORDAID Horn Relief MDA ZOA TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... 1 Table I. Summary of Requirements - By Non-Standard Sector............................................................. 2 Table II. Summary of Requirements - By Appealing Organisation ......................................................... 3 2. 2008 IN REVIEW ........................................................................................................................................... 4 3. THE 2009 COMMON HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN ............................................................................... 6 3.1
    [Show full text]
  • Cadre De Gestion Environnementale Et Sociale (Cges)
    REPUBLIQUE DU TCHAD ------- Unité Ŕ Travail-Progrès --------- Ministère de l’Economie et de la Planification de Développement (MEPD) ------------ Projet de Relance et de Développement de la Région du Lac Tchad (PROLAC) CADRE DE GESTION ENVIRONNEMENTALE ET SOCIALE (CGES) VERSION FINALE FEVRIER 2020 TABLE DES MATIERES SIGLES ET ABREVIATIONS ............................................................................................... 5 LISTE DES TABLEAUX ........................................................................................................ 8 LISTE DES FIGURES ............................................................................................................. 8 LISTE DES ANNEXES ........................................................................................................... 8 RESUME ANALYTIQUE NON TECHNIQUE.................................................................. 10 NON-TECHNICAL EXECUTIVE SUMMARY................................................................. 23 1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 35 1.1. Contexte ................................................................................................................ 35 1.2. Objectif du Cadre de Gestion Environnementale et Sociale (CGES) .................. 36 1.3. Méthodologie ........................................................................................................ 36 1.4. Difficultés rencontrées.........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Chad in Perspective
    Chad in Perspective TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: GEOGRAPHY ..................................................................................................... 4 Introduction............................................................................................................................ 4 Geographic Divisions and Topographic Features .............................................................. 4 Saharan Region ................................................................................................................ 4 Sahelian Region ................................................................................................................ 5 Soudanian Region ............................................................................................................. 5 Climate .................................................................................................................................... 6 Bodies of Water ...................................................................................................................... 7 Major Cities ............................................................................................................................ 8 N’Djamena ....................................................................................................................... 8 Moundou ........................................................................................................................... 9 Sarh ..................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]