SAMPLE OF ORGANISATIONS PARTICIPATING IN CONSOLIDATED APPEALS

AARREC COSV HT MDM TGH ACF CRS Humedica MEDAIR UMCOR ACTED CWS IA MENTOR UNAIDS ADRA Danchurchaid ILO MERLIN UNDP Africare DDG IMC NCA UNDSS AMI-France Diakonie Emergency Aid INTERMON NPA UNEP ARC DRC Internews NRC UNESCO ASB EM-DH INTERSOS OCHA UNFPA ASI FAO IOM OHCHR UN-HABITAT AVSI FAR IPHD OXFAM UNHCR CARE FHI IR PA (formerly ITDG) UNICEF CARITAS Finnchurchaid IRC PACT UNIFEM CEMIR INTERNATIONAL FSD IRD PAI UNJLC CESVI GAA IRIN Plan UNMAS CFA GOAL IRW PMU-I UNOPS CHF GTZ Islamic RW PU UNRWA CHFI GVC JOIN RCO VIS CISV Handicap International JRS Samaritan's Purse WFP CMA HealthNet TPO LWF SECADEV WHO CONCERN HELP Malaria Consortium Solidarités World Concern Concern Universal HelpAge International Malteser SUDO World Relief COOPI HKI Mercy Corps TEARFUND WV CORDAID Horn Relief MDA ZOA

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 1

Table I. Summary of Requirements - By Non-Standard Sector...... 2 Table II. Summary of Requirements - By Appealing Organisation ...... 3

2. 2008 IN REVIEW ...... 4

3. THE 2009 COMMON HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN ...... 6

3.1 THE CONTEXT AND ITS HUMANITARIAN CONSEQUENCES ...... 6 3.2 SCENARIOS ...... 11 3.3 STRATEGIC PRIORITIES FOR HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE...... 13 3.4 RESPONSE PLANS ...... 14 3.4.A Protection...... 14 3.4.B Mine Action Working Group ...... 18 3.4.C Food Security...... 20 3.4.D Agriculture and Livelihoods Working Group...... 23 3.4.E Education...... 24 3.4.F Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene ...... 25 3.4.G Health ...... 27 3.4.H Nutrition ...... 30 3.4.I Camp Coordination and Camp/Site Management including Emergency Shelter and NFIs ...... 31 3.4.J Logistics...... 32 3.4.K Emergency Telecommunications...... 34 3.4.L Early Recovery...... 35 3.4.M Security and Coordination...... 37

4. CRITERIA FOR INCLUSION AND PRIORITISATON OF PROJECTS ...... 40

4.1 SELECTION CRITERIA ...... 40 4.2 PRIORITISATION CRITERIA ...... 40

5. STRATEGIC MONITORING PLAN...... 40

6. CONCLUSION ...... 41

7. SUMMARY: STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK FOR HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE...... 42

ANNEX I. 2008 IN REVIEW...... 55 ANNEX II. FOCUS ON ASSISTANCE TO SUDANESE AND CAR REFUGEES IN EASTERN CHAD: NEEDS ANALYSIS, OBJECTIVES, PROPOSED ACTIVITIES, AND MONITORING...... 75 ANNEX III. FOCUS ON SUPPORT FOR HOST POPULATIONS ...... 89 ANNEX IV. LISTS OF 2009 CAP PROJECTS...... 90 ANNEX V. FUNDING RESULTS OF 2008 CAP ...... 101 ANNEX VI. INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF RED CROSS AND RED PLAN FOR CHAD 2009-2010 CRESCENT SOCIETIES...... 110 ANNEX VII. ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ...... 113

Please note that appeals are revised regularly. The latest version of this document is available on http://www.humanitarianappeal.net. Version 1.2, amended 3 March 2009 Full project details can be viewed, downloaded and printed from www.reliefweb.int/fts

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1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The humanitarian crisis in Chad is generated by a degradation of the security situation in Sudan’s Darfur region, persistent insecurity in the Central African Republic (CAR), and increasing internal instability due to activities by armed groups and inter-ethnic tensions. Since 2003, Chad has sheltered 265,000 Sudanese refugees in the east and 58,000 Central African refugees in the south, whilst internal conflicts have caused the internal displacement of 180,000 Chadians in the east. Since 2006, humanitarian needs have increased but the delivery of assistance has been impeded by a deteriorating security situation.

In February 2008, rebels launched an attack on N’Djamena in an attempt to topple the regime of President Idriss Deby. Most humanitarian organisations working in Chad were evacuated, but humanitarian operations resumed in March and life-saving assistance was never interrupted. Peace accords with rebels have been negotiated but there is no peace yet. Tension with Sudan remains very high. Banditry is an additional source of concern and insecurity.

During the first ten months of 2008 there were 124 security incidents against humanitarian organisations in the east, of which 47 were against UN agencies and 77 against NGOs. Although insecurity meant that humanitarian actors had less access to beneficiaries in many areas, with occasions when operations had to be interrupted, humanitarian action has benefited over 500,000 people in 2008. Lives have been saved and the vulnerabilities of many have been reduced. The situation however remains critical. Increased violence, difficulties in accessing people in need, and the regular depletion of natural resources like water and firewood are significant factors which risk making the populations more vulnerable.

On 25 September 2007, UN Security Council resolution 1778 authorised the deployment of a peacekeeping force in eastern Chad and north-eastern CAR. It is also envisaged that the UN will take over the role of European Union Force in Chad and CAR (EUFOR Chad/CAR) in 2009.

However, because of continuing insecurity in Sudan and CAR, the return of refugees in 2009 is not likely as more refugees are currently seeking shelter in Chad, especially in the south. The east could also witness new population displacements. As far as internally displaced persons (IDPs) are concerned, some 3,000 families have returned to their place of origin during 2008. The results of a vulnerability assessment mapping are expected soon, which would allow humanitarian actors to further assess the possibility of IDP returns.

Humanitarian action in 2009 will continue to focus on emergency relief needs, emphasising self- sufficiency and developing the local capacities of all people affected by insecurity (internally displaced, refugees, and local populations). To implement these actions this appeal calls for the amount of US$1 388,940,350.

Some basic facts about Chad ¾ Population 10,300,000 (UNFPA SWP 2007) ¾ Under 5 mortality 209 /1,000 (UNICEF 2006) ¾ Maternal mortality 1,500/100,000 (WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA & WB, 2005) ¾ Life expectancy 44 years (World Bank 2007) ¾ Prevalence of undernourishment in total population 35% (FAO Statistical Division 2004 estimate) ¾ Gross national income per capita $450 (World Bank Key Development Data & Statistics 2005) ¾ Percentage of population living on less than $1 per day 55% (ECOSIT II 2006) ¾ Proportion of population without sustainable access to 58% (UNDP HDR 2007) an improved drinking water source ¾ IDPs (number and percent of population) 180,000 (1.7%) (UNHCR, Sept. 2008) ¾ Refugees ¾ In-country 321,000: 265,000 Sudanese and 56,000 from CAR (UNHCR Sept. 2008) ¾ Abroad 36,300 (UNHCR June 2007) ¾ ECHO Vulnerability and Crisis Index score (V/C) 3/3 (most severe rank) ¾ 2007 UNDP Human Development Index score 0.388: 170th of 177 (low human development) Also: ¾ Global chronic malnutrition is at 41% among infants and children under five (SNRP II 2008)

1 All dollar signs in this document denote United States dollars. Funding for this appeal should be reported to the Financial Tracking Service (FTS, [email protected]), which will display its requirements and funding on the CAP 2009 page.

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Table I. Summary of Requirements - By Non-Standard Sector

Table I: Consolidated Appeal for Chad 2009 Summary of Requirements - by non-standard sector as of 23 December 2008 http://www.reliefweb.int/fts

Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by the respective appealing organisation.

non-standard sector Original Requirements (US$)

AGRICULTURE AND LIVELIHOODS 10,617,369

COORDINATION AND SUPPORT SERVICES 28,941,196

EDUCATION 15,139,882

FOOD AID 186,563,747

HEALTH 16,708,722

MINE ACTION 4,983,269

MULTI-SECTOR ACTIVITIES FOR IDPs AND REFUGEES 96,010,235

NUTRITION 2,792,730

PROTECTION 6,855,000

SAFETY AND SECURITY OF STAFF AND OPERATIONS 178,200

SITE MANAGEMENT 950,000

WATER AND SANITATION 19,200,000

Grand Total 388,940,350

The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 23 December 2008. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).

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Table II. Summary of Requirements - By Appealing Organisation

Table II: Consolidated Appeal for Chad 2009 Summary of Requirements - by Appealing Organisation as of 23 December 2008 http://www.reliefweb.int/fts

Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by the respective appealing organisation. Page 1 of 1 Appealing Organisation Original Requirements (US$)

ACF 650,000

ASF B 913,981

ASI 1,524,306

CARE International 4,911,000

CORD 520,000

CW 2,450,000

FAO 6,597,836

FPT 274,026

IMC 1,275,000

IN 115,000

Intermon Oxfam 2,080,000

INTERSOS 196,987

IRW 6,042,304

JRS 187,500

OCHA 4,996,912

OXFAM GB 4,230,000

RET 830,000

Solidarités 450,000

UNAIDS 1,000,000

UNDP 4,983,269

UNDP for UNDSS 178,200

UNFPA 3,660,000

UNHCR 93,144,235

UNICEF 33,208,120

WFP 207,286,094

WHO 7,235,580

Grand Total 388,940,350

The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 23 December 2008. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).

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2. 2008 IN REVIEW

See Annex I for a detailed presentation of outputs in 2008 versus CAP targets.

In 2008, the humanitarian community agreed on four strategic priorities that were maintained and rephrased as follows during the mid-year review of the Consolidated Appeal:

1. Ensure that those affected by the crisis are provided protection and assistance that meets their vital needs and enables them, to the extent possible, to live a dignified life; 2. Reinforce advocacy for improved and safer humanitarian space, and for sufficient funding to the country’s increased humanitarian needs; 3. Promote sustainable solutions as part of the humanitarian response, especially in view of potential return movements, thereby at the same time supporting the country’s socio-economic recovery in the medium term; 4. Promote the development of capacities by national authorities and local communities to respond, or to take part in the response, to humanitarian needs, also with a view to supporting Chad’s socio-economic recovery and eventually development.

Overall assessment Humanitarian organisations made significant but incomplete progress towards achieving their objectives presented in the 2008 Appeal. Humanitarian action became more challenging due to several factors: • A resurgence of instability. In February, armed opposition groups launched an attack against the capital N’Djamena in an attempt to overthrow the government. Although the attempt did not succeed, warfare in the country intensified, with frequent incidents up to early in the rainy season (April) which mitigated to some extent these incidents. The activities of these armed opposition groups, compounded by increasing banditry, rendered much of the east of the country, near the border with Sudan, more insecure than before. • Since December 2007, over 25,000 new refugees arrived in the country from Darfur and CAR, bringing the total number of these refugees in Chad to 265,000 Sudanese and almost 56,000 Central Africans. Further arrivals could happen, and contingency plans are being revised every three months accordingly.

In response to the difficulties encountered, United Nations agencies together with other humanitarian organisations and the Government of Chad revised a number of their objectives in the 2008 Mid-Year Review of the Appeal, taking into account the evolving situation and, in particular, the worsening security situation. Given the limited scope for action many projects were downsized and some were removed.

Nevertheless, humanitarian action has achieved significant accomplishments that can be summarised as follows: • Life-saving assistance, especially in the domains of food, health care, and water and sanitation, has been provided to some 494,000 people in need, including IDPs, refugees and host populations affected by the crisis. • Primary education has been provided to at least 147,000 children, including 30,000 IDP and 93,500 refugee children. • Agricultural and livelihood assistance, designed to help people help themselves on the way to recovery, has been provided to some 71,200 people, including 55,200 IDPs and 16,000 members of the host communities. • Health activities, including widespread support to primary health care (PHC) coverage and epidemic surveillance, have benefited some 1,032,428 people throughout Chad. • Progress has been made in empowering local authorities and civil society, especially in the domain of protection, and more specifically in terms of conflict resolution. • Through their actions, humanitarian organisations also played a key role in supporting risk reduction and conflict prevention, a cross-cutting priority essential to prevent further loss of life and suffering, but also to protect the achievements made in development.

In addition, the presence of humanitarian organisations has an indirect deterrent effect on the most serious human rights violations, thereby enhancing protection for the local beneficiary populations.

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After the fast development of the crisis in 2007, the aid community has been able to stabilise the humanitarian situation. Agencies from the UN System, NGOs, and the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement indeed managed to reach most of the population affected by the crisis. UN agencies, funds and programmes do not, for security reasons, work in those IDP sites close to the border with Sudan. ICRC2 and international NGOs however do and several INGOs were affected by the insecurity in those areas.

Funding patterns As of 12 January 2009, the 2008 Consolidated Appeal for Chad is funded at 79%, including $12.5 million from the CERF. The Appeal requested $318 million for 90 humanitarian projects proposed by 17 NGOs and nine United Nations entities. Some sectors are well funded, such as food aid at 93%, and multi-sector activities for IDPs and refugees at 83%. Some are poorly funded, such as education at 27%, while the economic recovery and infrastructure sector has not yet received any funding.

2 The ICRC is a neutral, impartial, independent humanitarian organisation. It does not participate in the CAP.

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3. THE 2009 COMMON HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN

3.1 THE CONTEXT AND ITS HUMANITARIAN CONSEQUENCES Political and Security 2008 has seen a continuation of instability. In February, armed opposition groups launched an attack against the capital, N’Djamena, in an attempt to overthrow the Government. Although the attempt did not succeed, warfare in the country continued with frequent incidents up to early in the rainy season (April), which provided a mitigating effect on armed confrontations. The activities of these armed opposition groups, compounded by increased banditry, rendered mainly the east of the country, near the border with Sudan, more insecure. Dialogue between the Government and armed opposition groups currently appears stalled and improved stability or security therefore is not likely in the short term.

Tensions between the governments of Chad and Sudan increased during 2008, with each government accusing its counterpart of harbouring and supporting armed opposition groups seeking to overthrow the other. Despite steps forward – notably the involvement of neighbouring countries in a Contact Group aiming at mediating between Chad and Sudan – diplomatic relationships are still to be re- established. At the time of writing, no comprehensive political agreement is in view.

The abilities of the Chadian Government to control armed opposition and banditry have been stretched to their limits. In most cases, those responsible for human rights violations, whether against civilians or others, are not found, arrested and punished. Inter-community tensions have also not eased the situation. Although tensions have not been as high as in 2007 they are still observed due to competition over limited resources, notably between farmers and shepherds. Displacement continues to be the consequence of such tensions; in some areas, cohabitation is tense between refugees or IDPs, and the host communities.

The situation in Darfur and in the CAR is such that no returns of refugees are envisaged for the foreseeable future. Instead, between December 2007 and February 2008, just as Chad was affected by civil warfare and over 30,000 Chadians sought refuge in neighbouring Cameroon, over 25,000 new refugees arrived in the country from Darfur and CAR, bringing the total number of refugees in Chad to 321,000 – almost 265,000 Sudanese and almost 56,000 Central Africans. Further arrivals could happen over the coming months, due to sporadic fighting in the Djebel Mara area in Darfur between the Government of Sudan, its militia and opposition groups in Darfur. Contingency plans for that specific scenario are being revised accordingly.

Among internally displaced persons (IDPs) in eastern Chad, tentative spontaneous return movements occurred at the end of 2007 and just before the onset of the rainy season in 2008; humanitarian actors assisted these movements at the request of the concerned IDPs. No massive movements were expected in the course of 2008 despite some inter-community efforts to restore life in some areas of the eastern Assoungha and Dar Sila regions.

The deployment of a multi-dimensional international presence – composed of the United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad (MINURCAT 3 ) and the EUFOR Chad/CAR – mandated under United Nations Security Council resolution 1778, has been delayed due to insecurity in their area of operation. The EUFOR Chad/CAR mandate ends in mid-March 2009 whilst MINURCAT is not yet, as of January 2009, fully deployed and operational.

EUFOR Chad/CAR4 reached initial operating capacity on 15 March 2008 and full operating capacity on 15 September. Its force strength is 3,400 troops from 25 European States, with a headquarters at N'Djamena, a Force headquarters at Abéché and three multinational battalions stationed in the eastern parts of Chad, at Iriba (north), Forchana (centre) and Goz Beïda (south), together with a detachment at Birao (Central African Republic). More specifically, the EU operation has the following objectives: • to contribute to protecting civilians in danger, particularly refugees and displaced persons, • to facilitate the delivery of humanitarian aid and the free movement of humanitarian personnel by helping to improve security in the area of operations, • to contribute to protecting UN personnel, facilities, installations and equipment and to ensuring the security and freedom of movement of its staff and UN and associated personnel.

3 Acronym from the French: Mission des Nations Unies en République Centrafricaine et au Tchad. 4 Further information on EUFOR is at http://www.consilium.europa.eu/cms3_fo/showPage.asp?id=1366&lang=en.

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One of the major elements of the MINURCAT deployment was the Détachement Intégré de Sécurité (DIS) of Chadian gendarmes, UN-trained and equipped by the Chadian Government, deploying in specific areas as defined by Security Council Resolution 1778. The DIS was to be operational before the rainy season but the signing of the memorandum of understanding and Presidential Decree was considerably delayed, and it is now considered that the DIS will not be in place before mid-November 2008. This delay has a negative impact on the security around refugee camps and the five towns from where the DIS was supposed to operate.

Food security and nutrition

Food availability The 2008 rains have been favourable and the outlook for the harvest is encouraging according to IDPs, local authorities and partner organisations that were interviewed during the Joint Assessment Mission conducted in September 2008. This trend, along with a continued flow of food aid to refugees and IDPs, should ensure adequate food availability in the eastern region through at least the first half of 2009, with some provisos (see below). This improved food availability should facilitate the sharing of resources to some extent between host communities and IDPs, and between local populations and refugees, thereby helping to minimise tensions and conflicts.

Livelihoods and household food access Agro-pastoralism is the predominant livelihood in eastern Chad, with agriculture dominating in the southern areas and livestock rearing prevailing in the north. South-eastern Chad is traditionally a surplus-grain-producing area with significant production of vegetables and important cash crops. Trade is an important source of income for women who are most active in small produce trade in village markets, while men engage in larger scale cross-border trade. Markets inside refugee camps have generally eclipsed traditional village markets owing to the size of the refugee population as compared with the host population, as well as the number of refugees with trading skills.

The doubling of population and livestock in many affected areas along the border has had a negative impact on the environment and may ultimately compromise the future income of the local population (derived from livestock and agriculture). The collection of wood (firewood, wood for construction poles) and straw for roofing is an important source of income for IDPs and refugees, yet these resources are being exhausted at continually increasing distances from population centres.

Only between 18-35% of refugee and IDP households, respectively, reported having access to land for cultivation in 2007 (varying according to camp and site). Of those who obtained land to cultivate, 95% of refugees and 90% of IDPs reported that harvests (gathered in October and November) would only satisfy three months or fewer of their food needs. Only 1% of refugee and IDP farmers at large in the northern regions and 3 to 8% in the south expected full self-sufficiency in grain from the 2007 harvest. With favourable rains in 2008, grain harvests may last for up to four months.5

Competition for land is strong, resulting in rent being charged. This cost is generally paid in kind from the harvest, reducing the net amount of food available for household consumption. Most recent reports from the Joint Assessment Mission (JAM) show that, in reaction to shortages of land and higher rental costs and in response to perceived improvement in security during the rainy season, more IDP households are sending male family members temporarily back to plant in their villages of origin (the percentage this represents has not been quantified).

Livestock, a common source of food, income and/or investment for rural dwellers, is possessed by very few refugees and IDPs. Among refugees, 22% have goats and 12% cows. Among IDP households, the figures are 8.6% and 1.1%, respectively.6 In virtually no cases does livestock provide for the full livelihood needs of households.

Refugees carry out various types of income-generating activities (IGA) in an attempt to support their livelihoods. The three most cited income sources are: paid day labour (38% of households), petty commerce (15%), and the sale of firewood (13%).7 Similarly, IDPs also count on revenue from IGAs, though their sources are somewhat more varied compared to those of refugees. Paid day labour is the most cited source (nearly 30%). However, the sale of firewood (15%) and of agricultural produce

1 Based on responses during the 2008 JAM of IDPs who have planted. 6 Surveys on food self-sufficiency of Sudanese refugees, IDPs and host populations in eastern Chad. WFP Vulnerability Analysis and Mapping Unit December, 2007. 7 Idem.

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(15%) round out the top three sources. Petty commerce comes up a close fourth at 14%.8 Surveys have not been able to quantify the revenue generated from such activities, so it is difficult to evaluate in precise terms the impact that IGAs play in the livelihoods of IDPs or to establish a livelihoods gap.

Local Populations As seen above, there remains a need to support vulnerable segments of the local host population that have been affected by the refugee and IDP crises. This can be done through FFW and FFT activities that would provide 1,800 kcal/day per person for a family of up to five members. These will include female-headed households, households with aged, handicapped and sick dependents (especially those with HIV-AIDS), and households without adequate productive capacity in relation to the number of family members.

While host population livelihoods are somewhat better than those of refugees and IDPs, surveys still show significant levels of food insecurity. Only 20% of host community families produce sufficient grain to cover nine months of consumption, with 40% only able to cover about three months.9 Clearly, the prolonged presence of large populations of refugees and IDPs, often greatly exceeding the local host population, is adversely affecting the livelihood of host populations.

Localised spontaneous IDP return movements In eastern Chad, tentative spontaneous IDP return movements occurred throughout 2008, with some movements in some areas occurring at the end of 2007; humanitarian actors are carefully monitoring these returns and, when needed, assisting these IDP movements when they are back in their area of origin. Those returns are puzzling the aid community: is security in the areas of displacement considered good enough for people to return home? Are those returns motivated mainly by the wish to plant and harvest? Or are they a combination of both factors?

After harvest, at the end of October/early November, it should be clearer whether those movements are of a longer-term nature, perhaps thanks to the fact that security has improved significantly enough for people to stay, or whether they were only motivated by IDPs’ wish and need to plant and harvest. However, even if security is adequate, if the harvest is not good enough for a sustained return IDPs might move back to their initial displacement sites. In some areas, it is also clear that communities wish to take the opportunity to go back to their previous life, recreating dialogue with their former neighbours. If that trend continues, those IDP returns could be significantly conducive to peace by reducing inter-community tensions in that part of the country.

Persistent human rights violations During the 2008 civil warfare, recruitment of children by belligerent parties reportedly increased to the extent that there might be between 7,000 - 10,000 children associated with armed forces and groups, and with recruitment ongoing in several parts of the east. Following advocacy on this issue as well as commitments by relevant parties, a modest number of children have been released but a great deal of work remains to be done. UNICEF, UNHCR and MINURCAT are working on the issue.

In many refugee camps and IDP sites in eastern Chad, armed elements are reportedly present, thereby compromising the civilian character of the locations. With the deployment of MINURCAT and EUFOR Chad/CAR it is hoped that human right violations will gradually decrease.

Destroyed NFIs During the offensive launched in the east against Goz Beida on 14 June 2008 by armed opposition groups, a large stock of NFIs (tents, mats, blankets, plastic sheets, plastic rolls, and other items), which were stocked in Goz Beida in order to be distributed to camps and sites were lost when the UNHCR/GTZ storage was destroyed in an explosion. CERF funds were then requested to replenish the storage.

Sporadic natural disasters In the past few years Chad has faced several natural disasters, mainly in the form of floods and outbreaks of diseases. Despite the absence of national studies on the subject, it is however reasonable to assume that climate-related hazards will, as a result of the regional effects of global climate change, become more frequent and extreme.

8 Idem 9 Idem

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Heavy rains affected several Chadian regions, including suburban areas of N’Djamena, Sarh, Doba and villages around Moundou during August and September 2008. For areas located next to rivers such as Mayo Kebbi Est with Logone River and Kerfi with Bahr Azoum River, the overflowing has caused serious damage, destroying houses and farming fields. Assessment missions indicated an estimated number of 50,000 affected persons, exposed to water-related diseases, respiratory infections, malaria and diarrhoea.

While the humanitarian response by the government and humanitarian partners has overall been satisfactory in 2008, preparedness, mitigation and prevention activities are still lagging behind in Chad. Improvements in this sector require a comprehensive approach for disaster risk reduction that includes relevant coordination mechanisms, national legislation and legislative frameworks, preparedness measures, and early warning systems.

Persistent health needs The presence of 265,000 Sudanese refugees from Darfur since 2003 and the displacement of 180,000 people since 2006 provoked population concentrations in camps and sites in eastern Chad. The southern region of Chad has seen its refugee population from CAR rising to 56,000 during the first months of 2008. This is a matter of concern, as overcrowding due to increase in population predisposes to outbreaks of epidemic-prone diseases; at the same time, it obviously puts a strain on the local capacity to provide essential or basic health services to the newcomers, decreasing at the same time the local population’s access to the same health services, due to the lack of government local health services.

An Early Warning Alert and Response System (EWARS) for epidemic-prone diseases, in place in eastern Chad since 2005, usually detects on time some major epidemics and provides appropriate information for early response. However, this system still suffers from low timeliness and completeness due to communication problems and the weak health system. The EWARS is not yet implemented in southern Chad where Central African refugees are residing in five camps.

Among the outbreaks that have threatened the affected population since 2004 are meningitis and hepatitis E, which is a water-borne disease spread by faecal-oral transmission. The disease is serious for pregnant women among whom the fatality rate reaches 20%. Given the concentration of population, occurrence of meningitis outbreaks in neighbouring countries and the situation in the region in the meningitis belt, there is reason to fear a widespread meningitis epidemic among refugees and IDPs. There is consequently a need to strengthen the early warning system, especially as regards communications, and to expand it to the south to also cover the Central African refugees. In addition, malaria and tuberculosis control programmes suffer from many shortcomings, especially for diagnosis, adapted care of patients and availability of drugs recommended by national protocols.

Immunisation coverage for the diseases targeted by the expanded programme on immunisation (EPI) is below standards among all populations affected by the crisis. In children, the incidence of vaccine- preventable diseases such as neonatal tetanus is very high. After successful actions for polio control in 2005 (with only two cases that year and one case in 2006) Chad reported 21 cases in 2007 and 26 to date in 2008 with one case from Bredjiing refugee camp in the east. Two new cases were reported from the regions of Logone Occidental and Logone Oriental where Central African Republic refugees are located. The most recent case from Moundou, in Logone Occidental province, had an onset of paralysis on 28 July 2008. The risk of further spread of polio within Chad, in the sub-region, and internationally remains high, as active transmission of polio is continuing both in the west and the east of the country and, most recently, in the south of the country.

According to the Chadian Ministry of Public Health, the HIV/AIDS in Chad is spreading widely due to unchanged behaviour patterns, socio-cultural barriers and limited access to curative and preventive health services. Coverage of HIV/AIDS control programmes in eastern and southern Chad is very low despite an estimated HIV prevalence of 3.3% in the east and 10% in the south. High concentrations of population and the lack of prevention programmes constitute a risk of outbreak of an HIV epidemic in the country.

The health cluster approach currently activated in the country, with WHO as health cluster lead, could be implemented fully only in Abéché in the east due to limited resources, but needs to be expanded to Goz Beida and to the south. A presence needs to be established in N'Djamena for overall coordination.

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Precarious education The education sector has sufferer serious damage since 2004, mainly through lack of infrastructure and equipment and, increasingly worrying, a lack of qualified teachers. Among IDPs in eastern Chad, the number of school-age children is estimated at over 50,000, or about 25% of the total IDP population. The vast majority of these children has never been enrolled in school prior to their displacement or had to interrupt their school year when conflict broke out. They need to be provided with an opportunity to continue their education.

Seven main barriers to education in eastern Chad can be identified: • A precarious environment for teaching and learning: a generalised lack of school equipment (currently an average of five pupils per desk) and school manuals (a current average of less than one manual per pupil) as well as other didactic materials is characteristic for this part of the country. 50% of the schools are temporary hangars, built with rudimentary material that must be rebuilt at the beginning of each school year. • An insufficient number of teachers resulting in a ratio of 70 to 150 pupils per teacher. • A high proportion of community teachers without professional qualification. Community teachers represent 63% of the total number of primary school teachers. • Poor sanitary conditions in most schools (i.e. lack of separated latrines) constitute a powerful constraint, especially for girls who have reached the age of puberty. • A need for children to work to help support their families. • Gender discrimination firmly rooted in the social and cultural beliefs of Chadian society, which results in a host of factors (early marriage and pregnancy, forced marriage, female genital mutilation, domestic work, child labour) that bar girls from entering and finishing school. The percentage of female teachers likely to serve as role models for girls is very low – 9%. • Low investment in social sectors: Chad allocates 10% of its national budget, less than 4% of its GDP, to education.

Early Recovery Context In this prevailing context, it is highly probable that in 2009 refugees, IDPs and/or returnees will not be able to carry on their usual subsistence activities and to have access to essential economic opportunities. It is also highly possible that competition over access to limited natural resources (land, water, pasturage and forests) could exacerbate conflicts, and worsen environmental problems, in particular a recurrence of drought and the rising challenges of climate change.

In this period of humanitarian emergency and the resumption of development programmes, early recovery allows for multidisciplinary assistance to returnees, host communities and the national authorities in this transitional period. In this context, early recovery will aim in particular at reinforcing the capacity of national authorities and civil society so as to allow them to gradually play a key role, even assuming leadership in securing access to basic social services, including access to justice and the protection of the human rights.

It is a matter of being committed not only to find out emergent solutions but also to provide the foundations of a progressive return to peace and sustainable development. Contrary to the period of humanitarian emergency, early recovery focuses more on the community approach and will make sure that different sections of the population, returnees as well as their hosts, have fair access to available goods and services. As far as possible, early recovery programmes will create activities aiming to solve the problems at the origin of the conflicts and the displacement of population. By taking opportunities to reduce aid dependence even in unstable situations, early recovery frees scarce humanitarian funds for use in life-saving actions.

Coordination The Cluster Approach was introduced in Chad in July 2007. As agreed by national authorities and the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT), the following organisational structure is now in place for humanitarian operations targeting vulnerable populations in Chad:

Cluster Lead (UN Sector Government Lead and Int. Orgs.) Ministère de l'Administration du Territoire appuyé par Protection UNHCR les Ministères de la Justice et de la Défense Food Security Ministère de l'Agriculture WFP/FAO Education Ministère de l'Education UNICEF Ministère de l'Environnement, Direction Hydraulique Water/Sanitation & Hygiene UNICEF et Assainissement

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Cluster Lead (UN Sector Government Lead and Int. Orgs.) Health Ministère de la Santé Publique WHO Nutrition Ministère de la Santé, Ministère de l'Agriculture UNICEF Emergency Shelter/NFIs Ministère de l'Action Social UNHCR Camp Coordination and Camp Ministère de l'Administration du Territoire UNHCR Management Logistics Ministère du Plan, Ministère des Infrastructures WFP Emergency Telecommunications Ministère du Plan, Ministère des Infrastructures UNHCR Site Management Ministère de l'Administration du Territoire UNHCR

The establishment of an Environmental cluster was initiated at the end of 2008. An Early Recovery cluster which is now in its early stages should be fully operational in 2009.

In order to complement the coordination system in Chad, three agencies have been selected according to their mandates to oversee the humanitarian support to the three categories of beneficiaries under the overall responsibility and coordination of the Humanitarian Coordinator: UNHCR for refugees, OCHA for IDPs, and UNDP for affected host populations.

3.2 SCENARIOS To facilitate planning of humanitarian operations for 2009, humanitarian organisations developed three scenarios at the September 2008 workshop that led to the formulation of this Appeal. Contingency planning is based on the worst possible scenario; the objectives and actions proposed for each sector in this Appeal respond to the scenario that humanitarian organisations believe is most likely during 2009.

Most likely scenario Worst-case scenario Best-case scenario • Difficult situation between • Armed confrontation between • Signature of a successful Chad and the Sudan, Chad and the Sudan ceasefire agreement between continued cross-border • Extension of widespread Government and armed tensions, new refugee insecurity to other areas of Chad opposition groups inflows besides the east • Chadian Government and • Continued fighting in CAR, • Widespread inter-communal opposition groups form a causing more refugee conflict caused by limited coalition to govern inflows resources, with increased • Chad and Sudan governments • Continued activities by tensions between displaced and sign a non aggression armed opposition groups, host communities agreement with potential further • Security worsens significantly • Former armed opposition fragmentation • Transition from EUFOR elements are reintegrated into • Continued recruitment of Chad/CAR to a new force is not society and the army becomes adults and children by smooth cohesive and well-organised belligerent parties • The peace-keeping force is • Persistent banditry effective in improving security • Continued circulation of light for civilians and enlarging

Assumptions firearms, and proliferation of humanitarian space unexploded ordnance (UXO) • Significant improvement in • Continued inter-communal security including near border conflicts due to limited areas with the Sudan resources • The Chadian Government • Chadian army remains manages to reinforce its heavily present in east authority in the whole country • Transition between EUFOR Chad/CAR and a new peace-keeping mission is put in place • Drought in north and floods in south

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Most likely scenario Worst-case scenario Best-case scenario • Humanitarian access • Access to those in need is more • Sudanese and CAR refugees remains difficult and more difficult do not return, and some start • Sudanese and CAR • Humanitarian operations are to integrate among local refugees do not return reduced or even suspended due communities during 2009 to insecurity • Organised return movements • Some IDP return • New influxes of refugees and take place for IDPs, while movements observed in movements of IDPs, with the some integrate within local Assoungha, less in Dar Sila; subsequent need to establish communities majority of IDPs do not new camps and sites • Access to beneficiaries return • Protection problems significantly significantly improves • Continued protection issues worsen (increase in GBV, UXO, (gender-based light arm circulation, etc.) violence/GBV, recruitment of children, etc) • Continued food insecurity

Impact on needs and response • Consequences of floods, such as destruction of weak infrastructure, etc. • UXO hazards

In all cases, those experiencing the most change would be IDPs and refugees, the populations of the east and sparsely populated areas, and the most vulnerable groups such as children under five, the youth, women, the elderly, minorities, and people living with HIV/AIDS.

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3.3 STRATEGIC PRIORITIES FOR HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE Strategic priorities for humanitarian action Humanitarian action in 2009 will: • promote human security of those affected by conflict, refugees and IDPs in particular, but also other populations affected by the crisis; • reinforce capacities of local and national actors, including civil society, to lead humanitarian action and future development, including risk reduction; • strengthen efforts for improved humanitarian space, necessary to the pursuit of these objectives.

Strategic priorities for humanitarian action in Chad were discussed at a two-day workshop in September 2008 that led to the formulation of this Appeal. The Government, donor representatives, United Nations agencies, the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, and local and international NGOs, identified three cross-sector priorities to become the backbone of humanitarian action for the coming year: i. ensure access to protection and assistance for individuals affected by the humanitarian crisis (in particular IDPs, refugees, returnees, and local populations), within a framework for the search of sustainable solutions; ii. reinforce advocacy and other actions aimed at the improvement of humanitarian space; iii. strengthen the capacity of national actors and local communities to prevent, respond to, and manage, crisis situations and their humanitarian consequences.

The formulation of these priorities was based, among other factors, on: • the realisation that a long-term solution to the country’s problems will not be possible, and that immediate humanitarian action needs to work in a way that complements rather than substitutes for the development of local capacities; • a recognition that systematic coordination mechanisms, in particular for collecting, analysing, and disseminating information, need to be strengthened for planning and implementing humanitarian action.

The Humanitarian Country Team ensures that there is a logical link between the three strategic priorities, sector objectives, and project activities (please see strategic framework in Section 7).

Complementarities with other initiatives The driving force behind humanitarian action is the imperative to alleviate suffering and save lives. At the same time, by carefully formulating the above priorities, the HCT has to ensure that humanitarian action in 2009 will add value to existing efforts at promoting the country’s development, notably through the United Nations Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF) and National Poverty Reduction Strategy (PRSP), in support to the Government of Chad. Humanitarian action can assist in enhancing socio-political stability and building capacities for future development, while reducing risk and preventing renewed conflict.

The CAP, UNDAF, and the PRSP work together to help put Chad back on its feet through the provision of immediate humanitarian aid, on the path of recovery, and eventually towards efforts aimed at development, in the areas affected by the humanitarian crisis and with regard to the affected groups (especially refugees and IDPs), and in the country in general. As a consequence, the development of national capacities has to be approached in a holistic manner that does not differentiate between areas and groups.

Risk reduction and conflict prevention The cross-cutting imperatives of risk reduction and conflict prevention permeate the programmes of the CAP and the UNDAF. In Chad this includes: • Conflict prevention: action aimed, in the political and socio-economic domains, to create conditions conducive to political and social stability, thus reducing the risks of human-made disaster caused by political or ordinary violence. • Institutional strengthening, early warning, contingency planning and preparedness: this mechanism would enable the aid community to respectively (a) reduce the likelihood, and (b) limit the adverse effects of natural disasters such as floods, food shortages, and epidemics. These are essential in avoiding loss of life, and protecting property and livelihoods.

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Conflict prevention is the most salient in Chad. Support to democratically elected institutions and the judiciary in particular, reforming the military, and promoting the involvement of civil society in administering the country are all ways in which aid reduces risk. This is essential to stability and eventually to economic recovery, which are in turn essential to good governance and democratic consolidation, two key elements to reducing the likelihood of conflict.

Without adequate support to save lives and alleviate the humanitarian conditions of those most in need, to defend human rights and promote rule of law, or to strengthen national and local institutions, Chad could become poorer and more unstable. Chad could slide back into conflict, with disastrous implications not only for the country and its population, but for an entire region already affected by high volatility and recurrent rounds of warfare.

Risk reduction is more cost-effective than post-disaster response. Every effort must be made, to use humanitarian assistance in such a way that risks and future vulnerabilities will be minimised, as this is a small investment that can save a lot of efforts and money in future.

3.4 RESPONSE PLANS The response plans to assist IDPs, refugees and affected local populations were designed broadly in line with the cluster approach and are therefore presented in a consistent manner. The refugee programme falls under UNHCR's mandate while OCHA and UNDP perform similar coordination roles for IDPs and the local population, respectively. As the cluster approach has not been adopted for refugees, UNHCR's multi sector activities for refugees are also tabulated comprehensively in Annex II of this document.

The response plan addresses needs in the areas of camp and site management, coordination and support services, early recovery, education, emergency telecommunications, food security (incl. agriculture and livelihoods), health, nutrition, logistics, mine action, protection, and water and sanitation.

In accordance with its mandate, UNHCR is the key agency for the assistance and protection to the refugees. Other agencies and NGOs also contribute effectively to the programme under UNHCR programme coordination. Some of the assistance provided under the refugee programme also benefit host populations in various places in the east and south. More details on the refugee response programme for Sudanese and CAR refugees (needs analysis, objectives, proposed activities, and monitoring) can be found in Annex II, and needs analysis for host populations is presented in Annex III.

Each sector summary indicates the number of beneficiaries that the sector programme aims to reach. In an effort to enhance accountability to people in need, and to strengthen gender-based programming, sector leads have attempted to disaggregate data by gender where that data is available. Overviews of the identified needs, current activities of the humanitarian community, the sector objectives, proposed action and the indicators to measure the extent to which objectives are met, then follow.

3.4.A Protection

Affected population and beneficiaries:

Category Number of Beneficiaries Refugees 321,000 IDPs 180,000 Returnees 30,000 Host/Affected population 700,000 Totals 1,175,000

Cluster Lead: UNHCR Cluster Members: PU, APLFT, HIAS, ACF, UNICEF, LWF/ACT, COOPI, INTERSOS, IRD, OXFAM GB, MSF-H, OCHA. Observer: ICRC.

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Needs analysis: The massive internal displacement of people in eastern Chad began in December 2005 and continued throughout 2006 and 2007, with a few sporadic movements during 2008. The major reasons for displacement were military attacks attributed to armed forces from neighbouring Sudan, the general insecurity created by Chadian internal armed conflict, and inter-ethnic clashes. It should be noted, however, that no systematic attacks on villages have occurred during the past twelve months, although more incidents of banditry and inter-ethnic clashes were reported.

Chad remains confronted with important needs and challenges linked to reticence in the implementation of the peace agreements, the insecurity along the common borders with Sudan and the Central African Republic, poor economic development, poor governance, serious violations of human rights, and the HIV/AIDS pandemic.

A major development, however, on the international scene was the adoption by the United Nations Security Council of Resolution 1778 (25 September 2007) authorising the deployment of a multidimensional presence in eastern Chad and the northeast of the Central African Republic, with the collaboration of MINURCAT and EUFOR Chad/CAR. The progressive deployment of MINURCAT and EUFOR Chad/CAR became effective only in March 2008.

Amidst this uncertain security situation, about 4,000 IDP households (both in the Assoungha and the Dar Sila regions) have decided to return to their villages of origin to cultivate their lands. These movements remain for the most part seasonal, and explained by the increase of the waters of the Bar Azhoum, Wadi Kadja and Wadi Habile that constitute a natural obstacle in the rainy season, thus preventing rebel attacks. Various missions in the field have indicated that returnees have a good perception of their security situation. On the other hand, for IDPs who remain in camps have a different perception since they highlight insecurity in their villages as a reason for not returning. For 2009, it will therefore be necessary to balance humanitarian assistance in the camps with the needs of development activities in the zones of return.

In the villages, there are tensions between farmers and pastoralists over scarce natural resources (water, grazing land, and firewood), population growth, and the increased concentration of cattle on limited farming/grazing lands. The harsh climate (Sahara desertification aggravated by climate change) is also contributing to fuelling existing tensions.

It is a known fact also that most IDPs currently in the sites are farmers who were landowners in their villages. Reports from protection monitoring and village assessments indicate, however, that the abandoned lands are being progressively used by pastoralists and their cattle. The return of the farmers to these lands will inevitably raise these same problems of land use. Additionally, these pastoralists, many of whom are nomads, point out that all aid has been destined to the farmers while their communities have been excluded from assistance. Hence, this economic tension could become an implicit trigger for inter-ethnic conflict. Additionally, although IDPs were initially welcomed by host populations, particularly in Goz Beida, in the last few months there have been signs that this compassion is being exhausted.

Concerning child protection, all parties to the conflict reportedly continue to recruit and use

children. This issue remains particularly difficult to address in the context of Chad, as there are cultural issues related to concepts of boyhood and manhood which exacerbate

the recruitment and use of children. Lack of access to education and to employment opportunities also provide additional incentives for children to join armed forces

and groups.

Rape and other grave sexual violence remains common, with girls being the main

victims. Both armed groups and community

Intercommunal dialogue Oct.2007./ Photo UNHCR Abéché. members are being reported as perpetrators of these violations. The silence around gender-based violence (GBV) among refugees, IDPs and host communities is of

15 CHAD major concern: any adequate response is compromised because of low levels of reporting. Most reported cases concern attacks and rapes of girls working in household activities outside IDP camps. Despite the joined effort of humanitarian community, the situation remains worrying. In some camps an average of 25 GBV cases are reported every month. 19% of women faced sexual assault and rape. Within the cluster, the GBV sub-working group is set up, but the overall coordination of GBV in eastern Chad remain weak. GBV committees in some camps do not function well with regular meetings. Standardised procedures and harmonised tools for all stakeholders is another challenge, as is monitoring and evaluation (M&E). Generally, the referral mechanism is not performing well, and the social and economic measures needed to facilitate community reintegration for GBV survivors are scarce.

Objectives:

Protection and support to IDPs and refugees in sites and camps: • Affected populations enjoy their fundamental rights without discrimination, in particular related to physical security, legal and material rights • Protection incidents are reported, and analytical reports are analysed and shared with all relevant clusters to ensure adequate response and interventions • Identification and establishment of response mechanisms to the benefit of persons with specific needs or groups at risk • Increase participation of refugees in running the camp, activities and assistance programmes

Supporting/creating conducive conditions for durable solutions for IDPs • Tools are made available to find durable solutions for IDPs • Although conditions for durable return have not been fully met, humanitarian actors have taken initiatives to support durable solutions to IDPs • Village Assessments are undertaken • Inter-communal dialogue and peaceful coexistence is promoted

Child Protection • Consolidate programmes towards the prevention of child recruitment, and facilitate the release, transit, care and community reintegration of children associated with armed forces or groups. • Support partners working on GBV to provide life skills training and psycho-social support and medical referral. • Widespread availability of protection services that prevent and respond to violence, exploitation and abuse of children and women. Activities comprise the consolidation of child-friendly spaces, the training of community-based child-friendly space animators, traditional leaders, and the military on child rights issues.

Prevention and holistic approach to GBV • Promote a holistic approach in the prevention and response to victims/survivals of GBV and strengthen the coordination of projects towards affected populations • IDP profiling is conducted and protection and assistance are designed accordingly • Identification, documentation, reporting and response to cases of human rights violations in the sites • Mobile courts audiences are facilitated • Capacity-building of local authorities and traditional rulers on international standards and peaceful coexistence • IDPs and affected populations are fully involved in activities and decisions relation to their situation • Favourable conditions are created to facilitate the return or local integration of the IDPs • A return strategy is in place at cluster and inter-cluster levels, involving the government • In cases of return, facilitate procedures of access to land and litigation procedures

Proposed activities: • IDP profiling is conducted and protection and assistance are designed accordingly; • Identification, documentation, reporting and response to cases of human rights violations in the sites; • Mobile courts audiences are facilitated; • Capacity-building of local authorities and traditional rulers on international standards and peaceful coexistence;

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• IDPs, refugees and affected populations are fully involved in activities and decisions relation to their situation; • Favorable conditions are created to facilitate the return or local integration of the IDPs; • A return strategy is in place at cluster and inter-cluster levels, while involving the governmental authorities; • In case of return, to facilitate the procedures of access to land and litigation procedures; • Increase protection for psycho-social support to children and adolescent in sites and camps is developed. • An environment conducive for child victims of serious children’s rights violations to be assisted is offered. • Monitoring and reporting on recruitment of children is ensured. • Release of children within armed groups is obtained and their civilian life restored. • Activities to prevent further recruitment of children are developed • Reintegration needs of children released from armed forces or groups are responded to. • Prevention and holistic care are offered to for sexual or gender-based violence victims. • Harmonisation of data collection towards the monitoring of the six worst violations of children's rights according to UNSC-Resolution 1612 through common indicators and templates is supported. • GBV coordination mechanism is strengthened at different level (national, regional and local) • GBV committees and community-based organisations are capacitated for prevention and response interventions. • IASC guidelines, tools, norms and protocols are adapted, produced and disseminated in all the camps and IDP sites. • IEC tools and materials are produced and utilized for activities in camps, IDP sites, and within host communities and service provision settings. • Referral system fully functioning in all camps and main IDP sites and host communities • Programmes for reintegration and rehabilitation of GBV survivors are strengthened and generalised in all the camps and the main IDP sites with targeted income-generating activities for girls and women. • At least two joint rapid assessments on GBV conducted with the participation of different stakeholders • A unique, holistic and confidential database put in place and monitored regularly to improve activities

Indicators: • Inter-community dialogue: at least 6 mixed commissions for prevention and resolution of conflict are reinforced and operational • Protection monitoring/rule of law: key staff in the courts and tribunals, judicial police, and the penitentiary administration are implementing international standards and benefit from material support • Setting up of a system of identification, reference, psycho-social and medical assistance at health district level. • Number of children released from armed forces or groups • Number of children reintegrated into their community • Child protection monitoring mechanism in place • Number of child protection mechanisms that provide frontline care and protection • Number of social workers trained • GBV training curriculum for health care staff developed and in use • Timely, appropriate post rape care available: number of reported rape survivors receiving basic set of health services (must be defined) within 3 days of incident/Number of reported rape incidents • Number of survivors/women at risk engaged in reintegration and/or empowerment activities • Multi-sectoral, interagency procedures established in writing, agreed by all actors, translated to relevant language • Number of refugee camps and IDP sites with a functioning referral system

Risks and challenges A continued conflict in the east and repetitive displacements of population can severely affect programming in favour of displaced and refugee children. However, if security allows, the strategy to ensure sustainability should be carefully formulated. UN agencies and operational partners should ensure a sufficient degree of follow up despite logistical burdens and difficulties to collect reliable data.

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Consequences if activities not implemented • Increase in number of SGBV cases • Increase in refugee children recruited • Increase in violence in the camps • Increase of persons with specific needs

3.4.B Mine Action Working Group

Affected population and beneficiaries:

Category Affected population Beneficiaries Population living in regions contaminated by UXO and mines 280,000 280,000 UXO and mine victims (injured) 1,500 1,500 Totals 281,500 281,500

Lead Agency: UNDP Partners: MAG, HCND, UNICEF

Needs analysis: As a result of some thirty years of armed conflict, unexploded ordnance (UXO) and mines contaminate vast stretches of Chadian national territory. Over 280,000 persons currently live in dangerous areas. The Chadian National Demining Office (HCND) was set up in 1998, and the country ratified the Ottawa Convention in 1999. A survey was conducted from 1999 to 2001 to assess the impact of mines and UXO contamination. Based on its results, in 2002, the Government elaborated the national mine action strategy which was incorporated in the PRSP in 2003. The objective was to eliminate anti-personnel mines from all state-controlled territory by 2009.

UXO represents a major problem in the country, especially in the north, east and southeast, with most of the known areas contaminated by mines located in the Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti (BET) region in the north. Minefields are generally a mix of anti-personnel and anti-tank mines of various origins. The identification of the exact position and location of UXO and mines is difficult due to the absence of comprehensive records and shifting positions with rainfall and movements of sand dunes. The technical survey planned for 2009 will help to define with accuracy the location and exact surface of the risk areas to be cleared.

The presence of mines and UXO is a permanent day-to-day danger. It obstructs the development of humanitarian and socio-economic activities in affected areas and curtails freedom of movement, access to pastures, water-points, roads, tracks and socio-economic hubs. This contamination affects the livelihoods and safety of over 280,000 persons. During 2007, 190 new victims were identified and recorded (57 deaths and 133 injured), over 80% of them being children. Between January and August 2008, 95 new victims of UXOs were identified and recorded (17 deaths and 78 injured), of whom 72% children and 28% adults.

In 2002-2008, despite numerous constraints especially low and very irregular financing, HCND undertook several clearance and demining operations with the support of international operators, and was restructured between 2007 and 2008. It now comprises a Steering Committee and the National Demining Centre (HCND), with four already operational Regional Centres and one sub-centre. In August 2008, CND has an operational capacity of two demining units, three clearance units and Mine Risk Education and Mine Victims Assistance teams. MRE and victims assistance activities are implemented in association with national and international partners.

The armed conflicts affecting the country between December 2005 and June 2008 have increased the level of contamination by UXO and the risks for the population, especially in the east (Sudanese border), the south (CAR border) and N’Djamena. In 2008, clearance operations were implemented in areas affected by recent fighting. Since July, UXO clearance operations are ongoing in the region around Abéché (east) with the support of the Mines Advisory Group, while demining has resumed in Ounianga (BET region).

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Sector strategy: The Government built its strategy and reviewed its action plan based on the humanitarian and socio- economic needs of UXO-contaminated areas and its obligations under the Ottawa Convention. In July 2008, the Government submitted a request for an extension of the deadline for completing the destruction anti-personnel mines (Article 5). The National Mine Action Programme aims to strengthen national capacities in order to reduce risks and constraints affecting people’s livelihoods, to assist mine and UXO victims and to carry out demining and clearance operations on state-controlled territory.

The priorities for 2009-2011 are: i) Clearance in the south and southeast; ii) Creation of rapid response teams for clearance and demining, iii) Continuation of demining operations; iv) Management of the Information Management System for Mine Action (IMSMA); v) Development of a National Assistance Strategy for Mine Victims.

Demining and clearance operations are performed by National Demining Centre teams, with the support of NGOs or international companies. The four CND Regional Centres coordinate activities within their respective zones. Mine Victim Assistance activities are supported by the ICRC and national institutions and NGOs. MRE activities are implemented by CND teams, with UNICEF support through a school MRE curricula project. Since 1998, UNDP provides support to the Government for the coordination of the National Mine Action Programme with the United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS) as implementing agency.

Sector objectives:

The objectives retained for 2009 are to: • Reduce UXO and mine-related risks, the number of accidents and victims; • Increase the number of zones and the surface of land areas cleared and released to local authorities and communities; • Create mine-free access to water points, market gardening zones, pastures, roads, tracks and economic hubs; • Enhance the national capacity for assistance to UXO/mines victims; • Strengthen national mine action capacity.

Proposed activities: • Continuation of UXO clearance operations in the east; • Starting UXO clearance operations in the southeast of the country by increasing CND operational capacity; • Creation of a rapid response team for urban and peri-urban zones; • Conduct technical survey on part of the contaminated regions (Kalaït Fada, Wadi Doum, Kouba Olanga, Bahai, Gouro); • Continuation of demining operations in Ounianga Kébir; • Starting demining operations in Kalaït Fada and Wadi Doum; • Harmonising IMSMA data collection and consolidation method and tools; • Systematisation of MRE activities for prevention and operations support; • Design a National Victim Assistance Strategy; • Support CND for institutional development, national strategy and action plan implementation, resources mobilisation.

Indicators

Demining and clearance operations in identified contaminated zones • Surface area (km²) of treated zones (technical survey, marking, clearance) • Quantity of UXO treated (weight) • Surface area (km²) of zones released to the population

Rapid response team in urban and peri-urban areas • Number of requests received and processed • Time lapse of intervention • Number of interventions following discovery of UXO/mines • Number of interventions following an accident

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Technical survey • Number of zones and the surface areas of surveyed zones

IMSMA database • Volume of data registered and validated (IMSMA) • IMSMA data accessibility

Mine Risk Education • Number of operations conducted with MRE component • Zones covered by prevention and awareness campaigns

Victim Assistance • National Mine Victims Assistance Strategy formulated and available

Institutional support to CND • Preservation and consolidation of achievements from the 2007-2008 reform • Number of initiated operations and treated areas • Operational capacities enhanced • Volume of mobilised resources (national, bilateral and multilateral contributions)

Risks and challenges: • Mine action continues to receive Chadian Government support; • The transparency and efficiency efforts supported by the 2007-2008 reform are confirmed; • Accessibility of contaminated areas; • Mobilisation of adequate resources (national contribution, bilateral and multilateral contributions) to increase CND operational capacities and maintain international support.

Consequences if activities are not implemented • Risks of accidents linked to mines and unexploded ordnance persist; • Number of victims increase; • Needs for victim assistance increase; • Access to water-points, zones of market gardening, roads, tracks and economic hubs remain difficult in contaminated zones; • Reliable and consolidated data are lacking to plan interventions and mine risk prevention activities; • National mine action capacities are weakened.

3.4.C Food Security

Affected population and beneficiaries:

Affected population Beneficiaries Category Female Male Total Female Male Total IDPs and returnees 102,000 86,000 188,000 102,000 102,000 180,000 Refugees east 148,000 117,000 265,000 140,000 148,000 265,000 Refugees south 600,000 600,000 1,200,000 75,000 600,000 56,000 Host communities 102,000 86,000 188,000 102,000 102,000 150,000 Totals 842,000 796,000 1,638,000 317,000 271,000 595,000

Cluster Lead: WFP Cluster Members: CNAPD, ACF, PAM, IRD, FTC, World Concern, Islamic Relief, UNHCR

Needs analysis The WFP emergency operation was put in place to assist Sudanese refugees, internally displaced persons, and host communities in eastern Chad. As a result of the continuing violence in Darfur, it is unlikely that Sudanese refugees and IDPs will be able to return home in the foreseeable future. WFP approves the implementation of a new phase of the EMOP to assist 265,000 Sudanese refugees, 56,000 CAR Refugees, 180,000 Chadian IDPs and 150,000 host populations. The operation will begin in January 2009 and will continue through June 2010.

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Action plan Food assistance will be provided to the war-affected people including refugees, IDPs and local population in eastern Chad. Activities implemented by all partners in this cluster will provide relief assistance to refugees and IDPs as well as local population within the scope of a community development approach, to the extent that security and other social conditions permit. Programmes will focus on ensuring a sustainable livelihood for the beneficiaries.

Objectives • To save lives of Sudanese and CAR refugees as well as Chadian IDPs and contribute to the reduction of acute malnutrition caused by shocks to below emergency levels in eastern and southern Chad. • To protect livelihoods and enhance self-reliance in emergencies and early recovery. • To reach refugees, internally displaced persons (IDPs), and host populations whose food and nutrition security has been adversely affected by shocks. • To support the return of IDPs to their villages of origin in eastern Chad and refugees to their native country of Sudan through food and nutrition assistance. • To support the re-establishment of livelihoods, food and nutrition security of IDPs and host populations affected by shocks in eastern Chad. • To increase the levels of education of IDPs and host populations by improving access to primary education and basic nutrition and health through food and nutrition assistance. • To meet the food and nutrition needs of those affected by HIV/AIDS and other chronic illnesses.

Proposed activities

Refugees Approximately 321,000 refugees will be targeted for food aid assistance under this project based on camp registries maintained by UNHCR. Maintenance of the registries is a continual process, involving registration of new or spontaneous arrivals and distinguishing refugees from the local population. Accuracy of statistics is complicated by the fact that significant numbers of refugees – particularly male refugees – leave the camps for periods of time. The basic caseload of eligible refugees has been agreed between WFP and UNHCR. A major re-verification exercise has been planned by UNHCR and its partners, and should be completed by the first quarter of 2009. WFP and UNHCR de- register refugees that fail to collect their ration at consecutive food aid distributions. In addition, the WFP Abéché sub-office coordinates and shares information about cross border movements of refugees with the WFP office in El Geneina, Sudan.

IDPs 180,000 IDPs will receive food aid during the project period, the vast majority residing in Dar Sila and Assoungha, where 13 and 11 sites, respectively, are presently located. Recipients will be targeted using findings from VAM assessments, official crop assessments, and any household livelihoods surveys conducted on a regular or on an ad hoc basis by NGOs.

Local Populations This project will target vulnerable segments of the local host population that have been affected by the refugee and IDP crises through FFW and FFT activities that will provide 1,800 kcal/day/person for a family of up to five persons. Among them will be: female-headed households, households with aged, handicapped and sick dependents (especially those with HIV and AIDS), and those without adequate productive capacity in relation to the number of dependents. During four months of 2009 and three months in the first semester of 2010, 29,200 workers (representing as many households) will participate in FFW and 800 persons, mostly women (also representing their households), will participate in FFT. Planning, organisation and implementation will be carried out by NGO partners which are familiar with the beneficiary community and which have the requisite technical and managerial capacity to implement community-based projects.

Food aid strategy The main components of the proposed project are as follows: • General food distributions to the existing refugee caseload in the twelve camps. • General food distributions to internally displaced populations in 30 sites to promote seed protection from current harvests. Where feasible, some GFD rations may be distributed to IDPs through FFW projects managed by NGO partners. The purpose of both is to bridge the food self-sufficiency gap that IDPs presently face while at the same time promoting an enhanced sense of dignity among IDPs through their participation in productive investment in

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social/environmental infrastructure. Under no circumstances will FFW and GFD be duplicated among the same beneficiary households at the same time. • FFW activities with vulnerable segments of local populations affected by the refugee and IDP situation to support social infrastructure involving soil and water conservation, forestation and road rehabilitation. • Supplementary and therapeutic feeding programmes for vulnerable children and Mother Child Health programmes with a training component for women. These programmes will be community-based and will be open to all host population, refugee and IDP women and children who meet the criteria. • Emergency school feeding for IDP children whose education has been interrupted by dislocation as well as host community children in emergency regions. In the face of an unacceptable gender gap (approximately 21.5% according to recent programme data), and take-home rations (THR) will be provided within the scope of the ESC as a way of encouraging the attendance of girls at school.

The review of monitoring data from nutrition surveys, food security assessments and PDM will be an integral function of the M&E unit which will ensure that all this data is captured in a database that will serve to generate a variety of reports for programme and management staff. The information that emerges will be evaluated against the established RBM targets/indicators so as to form the basis for adjustments to programme strategy, targeting or implementation, as required. The information and evaluation findings will be shared with all field offices on a regular basis

Performance indicators • Prevalence of Global Acute Malnutrition among local population in affected area • Number of IDPs integrated in new villages/returned to places of origin • Number of incidents occurring between local population and refugees/IDPs

Outcome Indicators • Prevalence of acute malnutrition among under-5 Sudanese refugees living in camps and IDPs living in sites (W/H <-2z and/or oedema) (target: <5%) • Crude mortality rate (1.5/10,000 deaths/day ) • Under-5 mortality rate (3/10,000 deaths/day ) • Dietary diversity among Sudanese refugees, IDPs and local population • Proportion of beneficiary household expenditures devoted to food in targeted activity areas (target: <50%) • Proportion of targeted households improving their incomes due to the intervention (%) • Recovery rates in WFP food-supported TFCs and SFCs (target: >80%) • Defaulter rates in TFCs and SFCs (target: TFC <15%; SFCs <20%) • Prevalence of low birth weight among women of childbearing age living in camps and IDP sites (target: <10%) • Treatment adherence rate of PLWH in WFP supported HIV/AIDS programmes • Gross enrollment rate of boys and girls in WFP assisted schools in eastern Chad • Attendance rate of boy and girls in WFP assisted primary schools (target: >80%) • Ratio of girls to boys in WFP supported primary schools

Output Indicators • Actual number of beneficiaries receiving WFP assistance through each activity as a percentage of planned beneficiaries (by category, age group, and gender) • Actual quantity of food distributed through each activity as a percentage of planned distributions (by project category, commodity, and time)as a percentage of planned distributions (by project category, commodity, and time) • Actual number of participants in FFW activities as a percentage of planned participants (gender disaggregated) • Number and types of assets created through food support programmes • Percentage of micronutrient-fortified food delivered through WFP-supported nutrition interventions • Actual number of students enrolled in WFP assisted primary schools disaggregated by gender and by grade level.

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3.4.D Agriculture and Livelihoods Working Group

Affected population and beneficiaries Affected population Beneficiaries Category Female Male Total Female Male Total Refugees 600,000 600,000 1,200,000 Local population 102,000 86,000 188,000 8,500 7,500 16,000 IDPs and returnees 702,000 686,000 1,388,000 37,700 33,500 71,200 Totals 1,404,000 1,372,000 2,776,000 46,200 41,000 87,200

Lead Agency: FAO Partners: CNAPD, ACF, PAM, IRD, IRW, FPT, INTERSOS, Concern, FTC, World Concern, Islamic Relief, UNHCR

Needs analysis The needs analysis takes the following into account: (a) the weakening of host communities’ natural resource base (land, wood, water, etc.), upon which their livelihoods depend, as a result of sharing these assets with the hosted populations, particularly in semi-arid zones of eastern Chad; and (b) the sustainability of IDP sites and refugee camps and the need to promote food security interventions that take into account zonal matters (e.g. agro-ecological zones) and the needs of target populations (host- community members, refugees, IDPs).

• Need to avert land degradation. • Need to improve the self-sufficiency of both IDPs and refugees through enhanced access to land or to agricultural inputs, as well as through income-generating activities (IGAs). • Need to increase access to markets in order to enhance the results of IGAs. • Difficulties for humanitarian partners to ensure that their supply of inputs is of good quality and in the necessary quantities, in a country where standards are low and where sectors do not always exist. • Take into account the potential resurgence of conflict triggered by the use of limited natural resources and the return of IDPs (e.g. tensions between herders and farmers) and conflicts created by population distribution (host community and displaced persons). • Need to acquire and circulate consolidated information on food security in eastern and southern Chad in order to assess and improve the impact of field actions, and to identify the most vulnerable populations and their needs.

Sector objectives • Improve the resilience of refugees, IDPs and host populations (in terms of agriculture, livestock and livelihoods) through input distribution, increased access to production inputs, improved access to markets, better use of natural resources and post-harvest management. • Promotion of, and training on, IGAs. • Reinforcement and/or creation of sectors required for the supply of inputs – in adequate quantity and quality – to populations in need. • Capacity-building of local and traditional authorities in the management of resource-based conflict. • Reinforcement of coordination capacities within the humanitarian community and with national institutions in order to improve the coherence of actions undertaken, their monitoring, and information collection and sharing.

Proposed activities • Seeds and tools distribution to vulnerable populations with access to natural resources (land and water). • Provision of technical training to beneficiaries. • Construction of perimeters to protect cultivated land from animals. • Digging of gardening pits, pastoral wells and ponds in order to enhance water availability for farmers and herders. • Promotion and diversification of IGAs, adapted to local markets and to the needs of herders and farmers (e.g. mills, oil presses, fruit and vegetable processing, animal fattening). • Reinforcement or creation of management committees for local conflicts related to the use of natural resources. In the context of Chad, these activities must be undertaken carefully, only using pilot projects for the first year. • Reinforcement, formation, creation and/or certification of seed-producer groups, tool producers, and distribution sectors.

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• Improvement of platforms for discussion and exchange between humanitarian actors and national bodies.

Indicators • Number of new households benefiting from seeds and tools, technical training, gardening perimeters, pits, or ponds; • Number of households trained in IGA; • Number of local crisis management groups established; • Number of resource-based conflicts managed, prevented and/or solved; • Number of seed producers groups established and trained; • Quantity of improved seeds locally produced; • Amount of tools ordered from local artisans; • Number of technical specialists trained; • Food Security cluster meeting minutes shared at different levels; • Effective participation of national bodies in meetings about planning activities.

Risks and challenges • Insecurity; • Climate-related natural disasters; • Insufficient funding.

Consequences if activities are not implemented • Deterioration of food security conditions for populations affected by crisis; • Increased number of conflicts linked to the use of natural resources; • Increased deterioration of livelihood and food-production potential; • Lack of coherence of activities in the agriculture and livelihoods sector.

3.4.E Education

Affected population and beneficiaries:

Affected population Beneficiaries Category Female Male Total Female Male Total IDPs/school-age children (age 6 -12) 55,000 15,000 15,000 30,000 Refugees/pre-school-age 12,897 13,047 25,944 12,500 12,500 25,000 (age three to five) Refugees/primary school-age 42,069 38,358 80,427 30,500 30,500 61,000 (age 6-14) Primary school-age children from the host 210,000 6,000 6,000 12,000 (50 schools) population Central African refugee children 3,762 3,758 7,520 3,500 3,500 7,500 (age three to five) Central African refugee children 10,031 9,949 19,980 (age 6-14) Chadian school-age children from 20 CAR 0 0 12,000 6,000 6,000 12,000 villages surrounding refugee camps Totals 410,871 147,500

Cluster Lead: UNICEF Cluster Members: PU, FTC, JRS, Ministry of Education, UNHCR

Needs analysis: • Due to new population movements, more children are in need of access to quality education. In the departments of Assoungha, Ouara, Dar Sila and Djourouf al Ahmar, where 180,000 displaced people reside, an estimated 25-30% of school-aged children (6 to 12 years) or some 46,000 to 55,000 children have the right and need to primary quality education. • As from February 2008 there has been a sudden arrival of thousands or more refugees from Darfur fleeing attacks on their villages in West Darfur. There are now 106,500 refugee school- aged children from Darfur, hosted in 12 camps in the east of Chad, and 21,895 refugee school- aged children from CAR in 5 refugee camps in the south who need and have the right to primary education

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• Refugee adolescents, at risk for exploitation, military recruitment, sexual abuse, forced marriage, are in need of primary education, secondary education, literacy training, and/or vocational training. • As the illiteracy rate among the refugee population over 15 years of age, and among IDPs, is high literacy training is needed to increase the level of self-sufficiency, for women in particular, since illiteracy is more widespread among them.

Sector objectives: • All children of primary school age have free access to basic quality education • All children of primary school age have free access to basic quality education through the provision of a safe school environment, the strengthening of teachers’ capacity and the provision of school materials. • School management is strengthened through activation of the APEs and ensured managers’ capacity-building. • Self-sufficiency among IDP and refugee population is increased by the strengthening of their capacity to earn a living. • Children with special needs have access to primary education.

Proposed activities: • School construction, rehabilitation and refurbishing of class rooms; latrines and water sources provision as well as creation of recreational spaces. • Recruitment and training of teachers • Distribution of school materials • Activation and strengthening the APEs • Implementation of literacy courses and training of facilitators. • Provision of vocational training, an accelerated learning programme for over-aged adolescents, and secondary education in the refugee camps. • Registration of children with special needs, and the provision for necessary support included in the education budget. • Implementation of school canteens

Indicators: • 80% of children of school age have free access to quality basic education • 80% of teachers reach necessary qualification levels. • 80% of children and teachers receive school materials. • 100% of APE is functioning and 100% managers capacitated. • Children with special needs are integrated in pre-school and primary school classes • Professional/vocational, secondary and literacy education programmes are offered in refugee camps and in IDP sites

Risks and challenges: Increased protection risks for the refugee children and adolescents. Refugee children are subject to various forms of abuses and exploitation such as child labour, and are at higher risks of military recruitment. Fewer refugees and IDPs will have the opportunity to achieve self-sufficiency.

Consequences if activities not implemented • Violation of children’s right to education • Increased protection risks for refugee children and adolescents.

3.4.F Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene

Affected population and beneficiaries:

Category Affected population Beneficiaries Sudanese refugees 265,000 265,000 CAR refugees 56,000 56,000 IDPs 180,000 120,000 Host communities 30,000 30,000 Returning IDPs 30,000 30,000 Totals 561,000 561,000

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Cluster Lead: UNICEF Cluster Members: CARE, PU, MSF-H, MSF-Fr, ACF, Intermon Oxfam, UNICEF, LWF/ACT, OXFAM GB, World Concern, ACTED, IRW, Solidarités, UNHCR. Observer: ICRC.

Needs analysis: Access to water and sanitation services in Chad is among the lowest in the world. The situation in eastern Chad is even worse—less than 8% of the population from the regions of Ouaddai, Wadi Fira and BET have access to safe drinking water, while basic sanitation is almost non-existent. Moreover, since the influx of 321,000 refugees from Sudan and CAR, and 180,000 IDPs, affected host populations have seen their fragile coping mechanisms put under severe strain already leading to tensions between these populations. The return of some IDPs in their village of origin has revealed a crucial lack of infrastructure. The occurrence of diseases such as diarrhoea and hepatitis E are frequent in refugee camps, IDP settlements and among the host communities. The planned interventions will aim at bringing the incidence of such water-related diseases under the WHO alert threshold through the minimum provision of safe water, basic sanitation and hygiene promotion services in refugee camps, IDP sites, host populations and villages of origin in priority by improving/adapting upon infrastructure and by increasing the participation of beneficiaries.

Sector objectives: • Improve access to safe water and sanitation infrastructure to refugees, IDPs and targeted host communities/returnees through the development/implementation of low cost appropriate technologies manageable at local level • Reinforce beneficiary participation in planning, construction, operation and maintenance of all water and sanitation infrastructure, • Improve safe hygiene practices among refugees, IDPs and targeted host communities / returnees through appropriate communication targeting communities and schools, • Consolidate WASH cluster coordination through the implementation of mechanisms which include all sector stakeholders.

Proposed activities: • Rehabilitation, operation and maintenance of affordable safe water and sanitation infrastructure • Development of alternative water sources (raw water, filters) in order to differentiate water usage and to increase effective coverage • Replacement of some motorised water systems by manual ones where appropriate, • Support to participative construction of family latrines, • Set up, operation and monitoring of water, sanitation and hygiene committees, • Hygiene promotion in communities and schools through the implementation of the cluster hygiene strategies (development of communication tools and approaches, training, monitoring) • Organisation of regular meetings and adequate information exchange. • Support to capacity-building of all sector stakeholders (Government, NGOs, others) • Establish and maintain a contingency stock for 25,000 persons

Indicators: • The average water use for drinking, cooking, and personal hygiene in any household is at least 15 litres per person per day for refuges and IDPs • One latrine cubicle per 20 persons in refugee camps and IDP sites, • Zero faecal coliforms per 100 ml at water point of delivery and at the household level • Proportion of latrines effectively used and maintained, • Reduction of the incidence of diarrhea diseases and Hepatitis E among affected population, • 50% of schools in the affected area effectively implement a school sanitation and hygiene education package for the adoption of good hygiene practices, • Information exchange among sector actors, capacity-building of stakeholders and resource mobilisation interventions are effectively implemented in a coordinated manner

Risks and challenges: • Increased insecurity • Insufficient water resources • Insufficient resource mobilisation

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Consequences if activities not implemented • Outbreak of epidemic of cholera or Hepatitis E • Increased morbidity and mortality attributable to water-related diseases particularly among children • Increased conflicts between host population and refugees/IDPs

3.4.G Health

Affected population and beneficiaries:

Affected population Beneficiaries Areas Category Female Male Total Female Male Total Registered refugees 139,850 107,022 246,872 139,850 107,022 246,872 Eastern Chad IDPs 180,000 180,000 Local population 1,200,000 480,000 Refugees 27,743 24,121 51,864 51,864 Southern Chad : Local population 210,000 84,000 Totals 1,888,736 1,042,736

Cluster Lead: WHO Cluster Members: PSF, MSF-Ch, MSF-Fr, ACF, UNICEF, COOPI, MENTOR, MSF-H, Ministry of Health, IMC, IRW, UNFPA, UNAIDS, UNHCR

Needs analysis: Apart from the refugee camps, access to health care for affected populations in eastern and southern Chad is still very limited or non-existent. No health services exist in the IDP and returnee areas bordering Sudan. Some partners withdrew permanently or temporarily suspended their activities due to insecurity. With insecurity problems in eastern Chad and the lack of adequate logistics, the referral system for complicated obstetric cases such as deliveries and children in respiratory distress has become problematic. Strengthening the referral system health coverage is a priority activity. There is also need to improve the availability and access to essential drugs, vaccines, reproductive health kits, diagnostic tests and nutritional inputs.

Malaria remains one of the major killers in eastern Chad. However, the recommendations of WHO and the Ministry of Public Health to use combination therapies based on artemisinin are not implemented due to lack of resources. The TB drugs are also the subject to frequent stock outs. Enforcement of implantation of national protocols for malaria and tuberculosis are urgently needed.

Given the imbalance between health indicators among refugees, IDPs and local population living in the same areas, it is recommended to provide, for identified needs, the same services to all populations in order to harmonise these indicators.

Immunisation coverage for the EPI target diseases is below standards. The routine oral

Access to health care remain precarious for some IDPs polio vaccine coverage was reported at 66% in (Photo: WHO) 2007 and 40% during the first six months of 2008. As a consequence the success registered in polio control with only two cases in 2005 and one in 2006 has been lost with 21 cases detected in 2007. From January to November 2008, 26 cases have been registered countrywide with one from Bredjiing refugee camp (Figure 1). There is a high risk of expansion of the polio outbreak with sub-regional and international implications.

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30

25 East Rest

20

15 20 25 17 Number of casesNumber 10 12

5

4 1 44 0 1 1 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Years

Figure 1: Number of annual confirmed Poliovirus cases in eastern Chad (yellow) and the rest of the country (blue), since 2003 to November 2008.

Maternal health indicators remain among the worst in Africa. Factors associated with this poor performance include negative cultural practices such as early marriages with pregnancy and birth and lack of adequate services, such as skilled birth attendance, and a weak referral system for obstetric and pediatric emergency care. Obstetric fistulae are still a common finding in these regions and many cannot access proper curative treatment.

The early warning system for epidemic prone diseases has contributed to the rapid detection of epidemics (such as meningitis, hepatitis E, diarrhoeal diseases) and contributes to an appropriate response. However, weekly notifications arrive late or not at all (low completeness and promptness). It is necessary to strengthen this system by providing radios for the most isolated health centres and to strengthen local capacity and transfer skills. The confirmation of epidemics must be strengthened, especially in the south and in the health districts of the east. The management of emergencies such as war-related mass injuries and injuries from natural disasters, such as floods, have to be better prepared.

The coverage of HIV/AIDS programmes in eastern and southern Chad is very low despite an estimated HIV prevalence of 3.3% in the east and 10% in the south. Overcrowding of populations, Sudanese refugees and displaced persons in the east, Central African refugees in the south, the impoverishment of the population, the proliferation of other sexually transmitted infections coupled with the lack of prevention, treatment and care programmes are predisposing factors for an outbreak of HIV spread in the country if the situation remains unchecked.

The cluster approach for the health sector is well operational in Abéché. However, in Goz Beida (south east), N'Djamena and in the south bordering CAR there is no capacity to deliver a coordinated public health intervention, a situation which needs to be addressed. Given the situation of quasi- stabilisation emergencies, all these programmes mentioned above should be directed towards a medium-term strategy of crisis and community participation. This will be possible only by involving local health authorities in all the projects.

The food price crisis is another threat to public health. Although it will take time and assessments until the full dimension of this crisis are known, it is predicted that the increased food prices will aggravate the health and nutrition aspects of people already affected by the humanitarian situation. The impact of the ongoing food price crisis is not only visible in increased acute and chronic malnutrition and related morbidity and mortality, but also in the aggravation of infectious diseases which in turn will take a greater toll. Furthermore, people living with HIV/AIDS or tuberculosis will also be greatly affected by decreased access to required food as well as reduced access to health care and medication.

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The rise in food prices, especially for people living under the poverty line, also has an indirect impact on their access to basic health services since a large proportion of their health expenditure comes from out-of-pocket expenditures. In the absence of social protection mechanisms for health and nutrition the combined effect may have catastrophic dimensions for poor households.

Countries will have to spend more resources for covering their food import. The risk is that the resulting gap in governmental budgets will have to be covered by cutting other sectors, including health. In the context of eastern Chad, this will especially affect access of local population and IDPs to governmental health services

Sector objectives • Ensure access to health care of a good quality, including mental health, reproductive health and nutritional care to the conflict-affected population (refugees, displaced persons, returnees and host population) • Strengthen the control of epidemics and the consequences of natural disasters • Strengthen the control of malaria, HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis within the affected population. • Monitor disease and nutritional status of vulnerable populations and respond to possible rise of needs due to the rise in food prices • Fill current health coordination gaps in south east, central and southern Chad

Proposed activities:

Access of vulnerable populations to essential health care • Strengthening technical platforms of existing health facilities (especially for reference system) • Increased health coverage in areas not covered including those with returnees. • Availability of inputs (essential medicines, vaccines and consumables, reproductive health kits, various diagnostic tests and nutritional inputs) • Strengthening the capacity of health staff and community members for the promotion, prevention , treatment and care • Implementing educational activities for behavioural change in community • Managing chronic and acute malnutrition cases • Monitoring of activities and nutritional surveys

Control of endemic and outbreak-prone communicable diseases • Capacity-building for committees for epidemic control • Pre-positioning of contingency stocks for emergencies and epidemics • Epidemiological surveillance of quality (rapid detection and confirmation of epidemic) • Development of a comprehensive package for HIV control (screening, prevention, care of HIV- positive)

Building the technical and coordination capacity of local and national health actors • Strengthening the health information system • Presence of focal points for health coordination in N'djamena and in main field locations (Sarh and Goz Beida)

Indicators: • immunization coverage rate greater than or equal to 80% for the local population and 95% for refugees • Number of epidemiological bulletins issued and timely shared (weekly, at least 45 a year) • Percentage of disease outbreaks controlled (targeted: 80%) • Percentage of the antenatal consultation in relation to expected pregnancies (targeted: 30%) • Percentage of assisted deliveries (targeted: 60%)

Risks and challenges: • Cultural barriers • Insecurity and conflicts • Weak implementation capacity of health partners (low mobilisation of national resources and insufficient staff)

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Consequences if activities not implemented The health interventions listed above are for the most part life-saving. If they are not implemented, the following will be the likely consequences: • Increased morbidity and mortality in the general population, maternal and infant mortality, • Increased malnutrition rate • Increase of epidemic prone diseases and EPI target diseases • Outbreak and spread of HIV/AIDS

3.4.H Nutrition

Affected population and beneficiaries:

Category Affected population Beneficiaries IDPs 180,000 150,000 Host population east 30,000 30,000 Refugees east 265,000 78,890 Refugees south 56,000 9,700 Host communities south 30,000 22,400 Totals 561,000 290,990

Cluster Lead: UNICEF Cluster Members: PSF, MSF-Ch, MSF-Fr, MSF-H, UNHCR, PAM, COOPI, MSF-L, ACF

Needs analysis The last nutritional survey, which covered IDP sites in eastern Chad, was carried out in June 2007 jointly by INSEED, UNICEF, and WFP. This survey showed a global acute malnutrition (GAM) rate of 21.4%, far over the emergency threshold (15%). Pending results from a more recent assessment (currently taking place in IDP sites, in partnership with UNICEF and ACF) it is not possible to determine whether this rate has fallen, and thus it remains the reference for programmes in 2009. It is however important to underline that the last survey carried out by UNHCR in March 2008 with the involvement of UNICEF and WFP showed a GAM which is nearly 12.3% and a SAM nearly to 0.8%.

Malnutrition clearly remains a major public health problem in eastern Chad but the exit indicators in the therapeutic feeding centres (TFC) which cover the main IDPs sites (Goz Beida and Goz Amir) show that the situation is under control in these sites. The mains indicators were: • Recovery rate: 91.17% • Defaulters rate: 3.12% • Death rate: 1.04%

These good results are moderate compared to those of the Outreach Therapeutic Programme (OTP) of Ade and Kerfi which have default rates between 19 and 56%. This high level of default rates is essentially caused by the evolution of security situation in these sites. At the same time, it should not be forgotten that many IDP sites are still not covered by the nutrition programme (Goungour, Hille Djadie, Goundo) because of their inaccessibility and the lack of implementing partners.

Probable scenarios In accordance with the data of the first semester of 2008, the main scenarios for 2009 are the following: • Status quo: malnutrition remains a major public health problem but will remain under control without a nutritional crisis ensuing. • Worsening of the nutrition situation: this would be a logical consequence of restrictions affecting humanitarian access due to increasing insecurity.

Strategy • Maintaining current programmes (TFC, SFC, OTP); • allocation of inputs (Plumpy Nut, therapeutic milk, biscuits) and equipments; • Reinforcement of nutritional surveillance system with the regular publication of a monthly new paper; • Support (allocation of inputs, training, supervision) to nutrition units in district hospitals (Goz Beida, Iriba, Guereda, Adre, Biltine) and the regional hospital in Abéché; • Carrying out of nutrition survey in June 2009 in the mains IDPs sites;

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• Building of the capacity of staff (IDPs sites, districts hospital); • Quarterly monitoring system in the IDPs sites and districts hospitals; • Ensure follow-up of malnutrition at the community level in all camps; renovate 5 pediatric wards in district hospitals and support teams handling acute severe malnourished person with medical complications. • Train local staff and refugees in all 12 camps. • Raise awareness among 15% of breastfeeding women about advantages of exclusive breastfeeding.

Annual objective of the Nutrition Cluster: • Reduce the mortality and the morbidity caused by acute malnutrition, by the implementation of the community approach of acute malnutrition treatment and regular nutritional surveillance/survey; • Built the capacity of health staff of the Ministry of Health, humanitarian partners and communities concerned by malnutrition. • Reinforce the operational capacity of the Nutrition Cluster to help it to be more efficient in action against new crisis

Indicators and monitoring: • Gross global malnutrition rate among children (6-59 months) • Number of people receiving supplementary food aid • Average available kilocalories per person per day ≥ 2,100 • % of female members of food distribution committees. • Date (month/year) of last nutritional survey

Implications if activities are not implemented • Global acute malnutrition rate among children (6-59 months) is < 5 % (Z- Score) • Increase in ration of children borne under 2.5 kg.

3.4.I Camp Coordination and Camp/Site Management including Emergency Shelter and NFIs10

Affected population and beneficiaries:

Category Affected population Beneficiaries IDPs 180,000 180,000 Returnees 30,000 30,000 Refugees 321,000 321,000 Totals 531,000 531,000

Cluster Lead: UNHCR Cluster Members: Concern WW, IRD, CICR, CNAPD, PU, LWF/ACT, MSF-Fr, UNICEF, Intermon Oxfam, Islamic Relief, IMC

Needs analysis: • Coordination of camp management partners (including with government entities) is needed to prevent duplication of assistance and/or gaps. • High concentration of persons living in poor conditions within limited areas increases risk of illness, epidemics, fire hazards resulting in possible mortality and/or injury unless coordination and harmonisation are carried out. • Contingency stock required due to prevailing insecurity in the Sudan. • Refugees have no means to replaced used NFIs and request new items • IDPs require targeted assistance to support a dignified and safe return to villages of origin or other durable solution such as local integration or relocation within the area.

10 In order to enhance complementarities among these three clusters initially created in 2007 (Camp Coordination and Camp Management, Emergency Shelter and NFIs, and Site Management), they have been merged into a single sector under the leadership of UNHCR.

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Objectives: • Affected families receive NFIs as required. • The majority of IDPs construct their own shelter using local materials and assistance is provided to persons with specific needs. • All land allocated by the Government or traditional authorities is viable, safe and exempt from any possible litigation claims. • A contingency stock is available in case of emergencies.

Proposed activities: • provide targeted assistance for emergency shelter and NFIs in villages of origin; • reduce vulnerability and improve living conditions of IDPs in relation to shelter; • provide emergency shelter and/or construction material to affected families; • identify sites, as required, that fulfill basic needs and promote peaceful co-habitation with host communities; • promote good coordination of activities for humanitarian assistance by partners working in different sites/areas; • support the framework of durable solutions (return, relocation, local reintegration). • Distribution of sanitary kits twice a year to refugees (women and young girls). • Provide 10,000 new refugee arrivals with NFIs.

Indicators and monitoring: • percentage satisfied logistics needs (in relation to return, relocation, local reintegration); • reduction in number of illnesses linked to poor conditions of living (shelter); • number of displaced families with temporary shelter; • number of displaced families enjoying 45 m² living space; • number of female heads of household with shelter that enables them to live independently in a safe environment; • percentage of families receiving basic needs through proper coordination of assistance; • number of families returning to villages of origin and/or local integrating who have received material assistance. • 100% women and young girls receive sanitary kits twice a year. • 100% new arrivals receive NFI assistance from the contingency stock.

Implications if activities are not implemented: • IDPs are exposed to possible risk of abuse, exploitation, illness, or death/injury if living conditions are inadequate and the environment in which they reside is insecure. • Women and young refugee girls are negatively affected through non-distribution of sanitary kits (e.g. suspension of education or cultural activities). • New refugee arrivals do not receive assistance necessary to help them begin a new life.

3.4.J Logistics

Affected population and beneficiaries: humanitarian organisations (direct beneficiaries), beneficiaries supported by these humanitarian organisations (indirect beneficiaries).

Cluster Lead: WFP Partners: WFP, Acted, Care, FTC, WHO, UNHCR, GTZ, Intermon Oxfam, Intersos, JRS, Mentor, UNHAS, OCHA

Needs analysis The road network is very poor, especially in eastern Chad. Roads are mostly unpaved and are likely to be impassable during the rainy season, especially in the southern half of the country. Of the estimated 42,000 km of roads, only 996 km are paved. From June to October, most roads in eastern Chad are impassable due to swollen wadis, and access to the main IDP or refugee sites is sometimes impossible, rendering the delivery of aid very difficult.

Existing bottlenecks have worsened both in-country and along the Douala corridor, from where most imports to Chad are transiting. The arrival of EUFOR Chad/CAR and MINURCAT in 2008 added to the pressure on the already stretched logistics service resources (road transporters, etc). Simultaneously, the rise in the price of fuel has led to a significant transport price rise within the region.

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Prices of goods, which were already high in Chad, and especially in the east (Abéché is 800 km from N’Djaména), continue to rise. Additionally, the human element is important: technically skilled individuals (engineers, mechanics, etc) are difficult to find in Chad. These contextual elements mean that the delivery of assistance during the rainy season may be rendered impossible, depending on the site/camp. Humanitarian organisations have to “pre-position” all needed items before the onset of the rainy season; stocks have to last four to five months. However, due to bottlenecks on transporters, pre-positioning may fail and quantities on site might not last the whole rainy season.

In order to work on these issues, the humanitarian community started the Logistics Cluster in 2008, with WFP as cluster lead.

A number of actions have been undertaken to address the logistics challenges in Chad, and they have to be enhanced and supported by the whole aid community in 2009.

Procedure Africa Cameroon CAR Chad DR Congo Sudan

Documents for import (number) 9 8 18 9 9 7

Time for import (days) 44 33 66 102 66 54

Cost to import ($ per container) 1,986 1,529 4,534 5,520 2,183 2,300 *Source: www.doingbusiness.com (World Bank group)

Objectives • Improve aid transport and delivery to vulnerable populations. • Improve access to beneficiaries by the humanitarian community • Develop a common strategy to decrease logistics costs • Work on administrative procedures to ease imports and taxes • Enhance partners’ logistics capacity and their reactivity in case of emergency.

Activities The Logistics Cluster will • Strengthen interagency cooperation to address identified gaps and to enhance means sharing, information sharing on prices and activities, cooperation with MINURCAT to decrease the pressure on prices and suppliers, and to consider resort to their logistics means in case of emergency • Ensure that the most problematic tracks, bridges, and wadi crossing points will be repaired before the next rainy season. Priorities will be defined and organisations willing to do the works will be supported in their fundraising. • Set up an inter-agency fleet of trucks managed by WFP to address most urgent logistics needs. The use of these trucks will be managed by the Logistics Cluster according to the priorities defined by the group. The aviation group will also carry on its activities, including security and repairs (as needed) of the various airstrips. • Communicate on legal procedures regarding taxes and imports, share information on administrative issues, and will advocate with the HC and the donor community on these issues if necessary. • Promote training to share skills and competencies, and reinforce the capacities of organisations and their staff members, focusing on warehouse and stock management, driving on difficult terrain, and vehicle fleet management • Set up a contingency plan with the main needed items in case of emergency. • Promote the set up of a mechanical workshop in Abéché, dedicated to the whole humanitarian community.

Expected Outcomes • Needed quantities are delivered in time before the rainy season • The main sites and camps can be accessed even during the raining season, by road or by plane. • The humanitarian community coordinates on a price policy • Administrative procedures on taxes and imports are clarified • Time taken to import goods, and financial pressure on NGOs related to imports, decrease. • Logistics knowledge and skills are enhanced • A contingency plan is set up, enabling a quick reaction in case of emergency.

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Indicators • Km of repaired roads/tracks • Number of airstrips served on a regular routing. • % of NFIs/food delivered before the rainy season compared to needs. • Rate of use of inter-agency trucks • Number of common supply operations under the coordination sector. • Time to clear imported goods (days) • Amount of duties and taxes on NGOs • Number of trainings held by the cluster • Number of people trained • Number of beneficiaries targeted by the contingency plan. • Number of days between the need statement and the distribution of items included in the contingency plan.

Constraints • Security situation • Funding level • Administrative issues • Lack of involvement of the whole humanitarian community.

3.4.K Emergency Telecommunications

Cluster Lead: UNHCR Partners: UNHCR, PAM, UNDSS

Needs analysis: The new responsibilities of this cluster deal with the existing telecommunications network which has to provide a common UN network giving adequate radio coverage to all operational areas in accordance with MOSS standards.

Objectives: Ensure all humanitarian staff have a telecommunications network and operational radio equipment which conform with security conditions within the areas of operations.

Proposed activities: • Re-organise HF/VHF radio frequencies, harmonise channels used by humanitarian community and programme all radios used by UN agencies, NGOs and partners (3,500 items). • Modify existing network infrastructure to establish essential radio coverage in all areas of operations. • Install a backup base at Kousseri, Cameroon, in case of security problems in N’Djamena. • Provide 24/7 service in all Field Office radio rooms. • Service all radio equipment (around 120-150 interventions a month). • Provide training on the use and procedures of radio telecommunications systems for all humanitarian users, especially in relation to emergency procedures.

Indicators and monitoring: • Quality of communication through the network (through radio operator reports). • Number of telecommunications equipment made available and needs expressed by partners. • Number of technical interventions per month/year. • Number of replacements of damaged, lost or stolen equipment.

Implications if activities are not implemented: • During emergency situations, when cell phone networks are blocked and Thuraya network often jammed, the humanitarian community will have to depend on radio communication only. • Depending any given operational area, persons in difficulty will be unable to receive necessary assistance. • Contacting personnel and coordinating eventual relocations/evacuation of humanitarians will be very difficult.

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3.4.L Early Recovery

Lead Agency: UNDP Partners: OCHA, Habitat, FAO

Affected population and beneficiaries:

Category Affected population Beneficiaries IDPs 180,000 Returnees 30,000 30,000 Host communities 700,000 70,000 Totals 910,000 100,000

Needs analysis: • access to land and economic opportunities and freedom to engage in sustainable livelihoods activities; • security and protection of human rights; • access to basic social services.

Sector objectives: • to strengthen the integration framework and to perpetuate various activities which allow to pass gradually from an emergency logic towards development; • to build the capacity of local actors (administration, authorities, traditional, civil societies and local communities) for the recovery and the development; • to promote a rational and sustainable management of natural resources and environment.

Proposed activities: • strengthening coordination of recovery; • promoting effective access to justice; • capacity-building of local institutions in regarding legally constituted state; • promotion of recovery and economic growth; • improvement of housing and living conditions of affected populations; • organisation of the rational management of natural resources; • promotion of clean energies, wood-based energy efficiency: • improvement of local governance, natural resources and environment.

Indicators: Strengthening of the recovery coordination • acts of implementation of a Early Recovery Cluster; • number and frequency of Early Recovery cluster meetings; • human and material resources allocated to the Coordination Nationale d’Appui à la Force Internationale au Tchad (CONAFIT); • number of integrated programmes achieved with the other partners.

Promoting effective access to justice • four clinics/centres of legal assistance (Abéché, Farchana, two in Goz Beida) are created; • a fund of legal assistance is available; • nine para-lawyers/mediators trained; • two training sessions of 50 judicial police officers and constabulary on penal procedures and human rights organised; • two training sessions (Goz Beida, and Abéché) for traditional authorities and soldiers relative to the questions of human rights and sexual violence held; • one training session for the leaders of civil society organisations operating in the domain of human right and providing them some logistic support; • Logistic and organisational assistance to Abéché’s Appeal Court; • at least two itinerant hearings are organised. • one awareness campaign is organised and incentive measures in favour of attorneys are implemented in order to ensure legal assistance in Abéché.

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Capacity-building of local institutions regarding legally constituted state: • one training session for the professionals of the appeal court and other courts of justice is organised; • one evaluation of basic needs in infrastructures and essential operational tools for the good functioning of the jurisdictions in the east of Chad is carried out; • one conference of stakeholders for fundraising is held; • one inventory of traditional mechanisms for peaceful resolution of conflicts is achieved; • a network of community leaders, associations and NGOs for dialogue and management of conflicts is set up; • one session on advocacy and one on awareness of the population for dialogue and reconciliation are organised.

Promoting the recovery of economic growth: • One study on the professional qualifications and backgrounds of IDPs in the main sites is carried out. • Number of associations and professional groups of displaced people created or strengthened. • A micro-credit financing mechanism is set up.

Improvement of the housing and living environment of the population: • number of health hygiene committees are set up and are operational; • one training session of trainers and coordinators as far as cleaning and hygiene, is organised; • number of restrooms built in the schools and public places (markets).

Organisation of the rational management of natural resources: • existence of strategies and instruments of planning and management of natural resources; • level of mobilisation of financial, material and human resources for the management of natural resources; • farming area managed in compliance with the norms of durability (Défense et Restauration des Sols, Agro forestry); • area of natural pasture managed according to the norms of durability (improvement of routes and corridor of transhumance); • forest territory managed in compliance with the rules of durability (conversion and sylviculture); • number and extension (hectares) of watering place managed in compliance with the procedures of durability (Preservation and economy of water).

Promotion of primary energy, alternative to wood and/or energy efficiency techniques: • number of new technologies or energy innovations developed and popularised (improved heating, biogas); • number and categories of households/people sensitised, informed and trained to the technique of power and wood efficiency and management of natural resources; • number and categories of household/people using alternative technologies to wood energy; • percentage of households using improve heating and/or biogas.

Improvement of local governance, natural resources management and environment: • number of conventions and local rules of management drawn up and implemented; • number of structures and organs of co- management implemented or reinforced; • number of people trained in techniques of natural resource management; • reduction of social conflicts linked to access to natural resources; • reduction in the number of illegal actions linked to the exploitation of natural resources.

Risks and challenges: • The major risk is the resurgence of armed conflict in the zone which may result in the reversal of the movement of return. • The lack of adequate resources will mean that essential activities will not be implemented and hence the returnees might return to the IDP camps. • The lack of local and district authorities to administer the region of return and arbitrate conflicts.

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Consequences if activities not implemented: • Unmet needs of returnees and host communities could generate frustration and discourage further returns. • Inadequate access to social services may lead to diseases and reversal in the IDP camps. • Inadequate access to land and economic opportunities may lead to conflict between returnees and host communities.

3.4.M Security and Coordination

Security of staff and operations

Affected population and beneficiaries The operations of humanitarian actors in this sector benefit all United Nations entities and over 50 NGOs working in Chad, thereby enabling them to assist all beneficiaries of humanitarian action.

Needs analysis: The security environment in Chad has deteriorated steadily in 2008. Crimes in and around towns in the east, highway banditry, and armed conflict between the Government and armed opposition groups, in the context of increasing tensions between the governments of Chad and the Sudan, have all contributed to increased security threats, especially in eastern Chad.

The proliferation of light weapons, ranging from domestic hunting rifles to light-calibre military weapons, further jeopardises security. Three humanitarian workers were killed in 2008 as of September, and a total of 66 security incidents involving humanitarians have been reported as of the same date.

UNDSS is increasingly concerned that aid workers and UN staff members in particular may be caught “in the wrong place at the wrong time” while undertaking their humanitarian activities, and thus become accidental victims of security incidents, whether perpetrated by armed opposition groups, or bandits. The likelihood of this occurrence has risen in 2008, with increased warfare and increased banditry.

The current risk to the UN and other aid workers is assessed as deriving from the following sources of threat: • Warfare in eastern Chad, related to tensions with the Sudan; • Criminality; • Ambushes by militants and highway bandits; • Lack of discipline among armed factions; • Fragile law and order, leading to attacks and looting; • Proliferation of light weapons.

All of eastern Chad is in security phase IV, while the west is in phase III. Such security phases influence the extent to which UN operations may be conducted in an area, and the modalities involved, thereby increasing logistical difficulties as well as costs, in addition to risks for the safety of staff. Some UN movements operate with armed escort. This poses a financial burden on agencies, and diminishes accessibility for some areas of the country.

Sector objectives • Equip security field offices with the logistic means to respond to UN and NGO community expectations in matters of security; • Act as a liaison with security actors present in the country; • Improve coordination on security plans; • Warn and inform the UN and NGO community of new regulations and potential threats; • Support UN and NGO actors in times of crisis.

Indicators: • Secure working conditions for the UN and NGO community; • Compliance with MOSS and MORSS by UN offices and staff, and by those NGOs who have decided to place themselves under DSS’s security umbrella;

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• Good and timely dissemination of accurate security information within the UN and NGO community, including through daily and other regular situation reports at appropriate frequencies; • Regular meetings of the security management team, where the situation is discussed and assessed, and decisions are taken accordingly, in a comprehensive manner; • Security clearances obtained in accordance with field conditions; • A realistic security plan, including an evacuation plan; • Compliance with Minimum Operating Standards for Security (MOSS) and for Residential Security (MORSS); • Security risks assessments completed as necessary.

Consequences if activities are not implemented Should UNDSS be unable to implement their activities, this may seriously hamper access by humanitarians to their beneficiaries, thereby leading to a serious deterioration of the current humanitarian crisis.

Coordination and Support Services

Needs Analysis With 265,000 refugees in the east and 56,000 in the south, 180,000 internally displaced persons, natural disasters, mainly floods, in southern Chad, over 56 international organisations and seven UN agencies, the presence of a UN mandated multidimensional force, persistent warfare and banditry, Chad requires adequate coordination mechanisms to address the humanitarian challenges and ensure seamless transition to early recovery when necessary. OCHA will continue to strengthen its field offices in the east while expanding towards southern Chad its coordination and preparedness activities. In 2009, special emphasis will be on developing a disaster risk reduction project with the Government of Chad and other humanitarian partners, and to reinforce civil military coordination with the incoming UN military force.

Objectives • To achieve full operational presence in the areas of humanitarian operations in order to improve the coordination of the delivery of humanitarian assistance to the extent desired by humanitarian actors, especially as regards IDPs and local populations. • To assist humanitarian partners in planning and coordinating the delivery of humanitarian assistance, and in securing improved access to the most affected populations, through participation in needs assessments, common advocacy initiatives, and common information management. • To support the implementation of mechanisms of responsibility and accountability by United Nations agencies in each sector (through the “cluster approach”), and to ensure that these mechanisms are successfully applied to the delivery of assistance, in routine as well as in emergency situations. • To provide information management services, in support of the humanitarian community, by analysing the situation, in order to better assist actors in providing assistance in a timely and relevant manner. • Develop a strategic vision and a set of activities to enhance preparedness and response capacities of OCHA and its partners in the southern area. • To initiate a disaster management framework aiming at developing humanitarian partners’ and the Government‘s ability to deal with natural disasters. • To improve preparedness planning at regional, national and local levels by incorporating natural disaster planning exercise in southern Chad. • To advocate with donors, for financial support to humanitarian projects, especially in the context of the CAP. • To support visibility efforts through public information activities and facilitate production of common public information products. • To ensure neutral and impartial humanitarian coordination in the context of the deployment of the multi-dimensional international presence composed of the MINURCAT and EUFOR Chad/CAR or a UN equivalent, through civil-military coordination activities. • To assist in the smooth transition towards early recovery within humanitarian activities, where feasible and appropriate, especially in the context of durable solutions for populations affected by displacement in eastern Chad.

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Proposed activities • Develop the preparedness and response capacities of OCHA and its partners in the most affected areas of Chad; advocate for the most vulnerable populations in Chad affected by the crisis. • Support the Government and humanitarian partners in the formulation of a national strategic framework on Disaster Risk Reduction in Chad. • Provide the aid community with regular and periodical information products ranging from geographical and sector analysis to regular and ad hoc analytical reports on the ongoing humanitarian situation in Chad. • Monitor the full implementation of the cluster approach and ensure that information is generated regularly and on time on clusters activities. • Prepare and produce a CAP document for 2009 to raise funds for the aid community.

Outcomes • coordinated humanitarian response; • strategy for the south operational, with early warning on natural disasters systems in place; • strategy on Disaster Risk Reduction elaborated and owned by the main actors, especially national governmental partners; • contingency plans formulated, with regards to specific humanitarian operations areas in Chad and in the surrounding countries.

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4. CRITERIA FOR INCLUSION AND PRIORITISATON OF PROJECTS

Participants at the workshop which generated this Appeal agreed that in order to ensure greater prioritisation and cohesiveness of humanitarian action in the CAP, all projects should meet certain criteria for inclusion, and secondly, their priority must be assessed against prioritisation criteria. To that end, HCT clusters subjected all projects to both a programmatic and an operational review. Their recommendations were then considered by UN and NGO representatives. The Humanitarian Coordinator, in concert with the Emergency Relief Coordinator (ERC), then took final decisions on project inclusion.

4.1 SELECTION CRITERIA When considering projects for inclusion, participating agencies agreed that the projects should meet five criteria: • Organisational: the appealing organisation locally has the technical expertise, and the capacity, to implement the project. The organisation has the comparative advantage of being chosen to implement the project if more than one organisation is in a position to do so. • Temporal: the project can lead to a result that is measurable during the period of the Appeal’s lifetime, i.e. during 2009. • The project has been approved by the cluster concerned for the relevant sector. • The project fits into the Appeal, insofar as it meets at least one sector objective, which in turn contributes to progress towards at least one strategic priority. • The project does not duplicate other efforts, whether in or outside the CAP.

4.2 PRIORITISATION CRITERIA In order to prioritise projects, and in response to requests by donors in this regard, six prioritisation criteria have also been devised. Projects meeting one or two criteria received priority rating C, while those meeting three to four criteria received rating B, and those meeting five or six criteria received priority rating A.

1. The project is directly life-saving. 2. The project is for a priority sector, as defined by the HCT. 3. The beneficiaries are highly vulnerable. 4. The project is urgent in terms of time, i.e. it should ideally be concluded before the rainy season. 5. The project is complementary to other efforts already underway. 6. Some funding has already been received, committed, or pledged for the project.

Please see annex IV for a template table showing how each project should meet the above criteria.

5. STRATEGIC MONITORING PLAN

The Humanitarian Coordinator, with the support of cluster leads, is responsible for strategic monitoring of the context and of humanitarian action, with particular attention to the attainment of strategic priorities. Strategic monitoring will also provide the humanitarian community with a basis for reviews and evaluations, such as the Mid-Year Review in June 2009.

In concert with the HCT, the Office of the HC will undertake a mid-year review in June 2009. In the event of a significant change in the situation and needs in the country before that time, reviews and revisions to the programme may be conducted earlier. On the basis of evolution in the context and its humanitarian consequences, and progress achieved towards strategic priorities, the HCT will adjust the CHAP (Common Humanitarian Action Plan) as necessary, while initiating planning for the 2010 Appeal, if applicable, by August 2009.

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6. CONCLUSION

Humanitarians have met many challenges during 2008. Some were direct obstacles to their work — such as increased needs due to new refugee arrivals, increased difficulties for access in some areas, and increased logistical obstacles (including the theft of humanitarian vehicles and assets) that directly affected the procurement and delivery of humanitarian supplies. Others were challenges that directly affected humanitarian staff, such as the killing of seven of them since January. Despite this, life- saving humanitarian assistance continues to reach the most vulnerable, keeping them alive and helping them, to the extent possible, live in dignity.

Chad’s humanitarian crisis is likely to continue for 2009, and for at least some time after then. This is due to the low likelihood that the political and security situation in Darfur and CAR will improve to an extent that will be conducive to the repatriation of refugees. It is also due to the low likelihood that stability in Chad will improve in a way that will lead to the massive return of IDPs and their self- reliance.

The best scenario is therefore one where the situation only gradually improves, while the most likely sees the humanitarian crisis remaining stable, with occasional aggravations due on the one hand to new refugee arrivals, and on the other to domestic instability and the increased difficulties in humanitarian access resulting from it. The worst scenario, should security further deteriorate, could entail the curtailing of humanitarian assistance.

Humanitarians, in all cases, will continue to work with an eye to potential future recovery. They will aim to empower national authorities and civil society, so that these may gradually play a key role, and eventually take a lead, in the response to humanitarian needs. Together, the Government, civil society, and humanitarians will work to ensure not only that the humanitarian crisis is addressed, but also that everything possible is done for good foundations to be laid for gradual progress and recovery.

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7. SUMMARY: STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK FOR HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE

Sector Objectives Response plan Associated Projects To achieve full operational presence in the areas of humanitarian Develop the preparedness and response capacities of Provision of light and flexible on-demand air transport operations, in order to improve the coordination of the delivery of OCHA and its partners in the most affected areas of Chad; capacity to support specific operational and security humanitarian assistance to the extent desired by humanitarian advocate for the most vulnerable populations in Chad requirements of Aid Agencies in eastern Chad actors, especially as regards IDPs and local populations affected by the crisis; To assist humanitarian partners in planning and coordinating the Support the Government and humanitarian partners in the delivery of humanitarian assistance, and in securing improved formulation of a national strategic framework on Disaster access to the most affected populations, through participation in Risk Reduction in Chad; needs assessments, common advocacy initiatives, and common information management; To support the implementation of mechanisms of responsibility Provide the aid community with regular and periodical Humanitarian Information Service in eastern Chad and accountability by United Nations agencies in each sector information products ranging from geographical and sector (through the “cluster approach”), and to ensure that these analysis to regular and ad hoc analytical reports on the mechanisms are successfully applied to the delivery of ongoing humanitarian situation in Chad; assistance, in routine as well as in emergency situations; To provide information management services, in support of the Monitor the full implementation of the cluster approach and humanitarian community, by analyzing the situation, in order to ensure that information is generated regularly and on time better assist actors in providing assistance in a timely and on clusters activities; relevant manner; Develop a strategic vision and a set of activities to enhance Prepare and produce a CAP document for 2009 to raise Support to Humanitarian Coordination in Chad preparedness and response capacities of OCHA and its partners funds for the aid community in the southern area. To initiate a disaster management framework aiming at developing the humanitarian partners and the government‘s ability to deal with natural disaster in Chad. To improve preparedness planning at regional, national and local Humanitarian Air Transport in Chad levels by incorporating natural disaster planning exercise in southern Chad

Coordination and Support Services To advocate with donors, for financial support to humanitarian projects, especially in the context of the CAP; To support visibility efforts through public information activities WFP Humanitarian Air Services in Chad in Support of and facilitate production of common public information products; To ensure neutral and impartial humanitarian coordination in the EMOP 10559.1 context of the deployment of the multi-dimensional international presence composed of the United Nations Mission in CAR and Chad (MINURCAT) and the European Union Force in Chad and CAR (EUFOR Chad/CAR) or a UN equivalent, through civil- military coordination activities. To assist in the smooth transition towards early recovery within humanitarian activities, where feasible and appropriate, especially in the context of durable solutions for populations affected by displacement in eastern Chad.

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Sector Objectives Response plan Associated Projects To strengthen the framework of integration and to perpetuate Strengthening the coordination of the recovery. various activities of sectors which allows to pass gradually from an emergency logic to an approach of transition towards the development To reinforce the capacity-building of the actors (administration, Promotion of the access to the justice within the authorities, traditional, civil societies and local communities) framework of an early recovery. for the recovery and the development To promote a rational and sustainable management of natural Capacity-building of local institutions in regarding resources and environment legally constituted state. Promotion of the recovery and the economic growth Improvement of the housing and the living conditions of the populations.

Economic recovery Organisation of the rational management of the natural resources. Promotion of proper energies, woods-based and/or process of the energy efficiency. Improvement of local governance, natural resources and environment. All children of primary school age have free access to basic School construction, rehabilitation and refurbishing of Support to the Education sector - Technical training and quality education class rooms; latrines and water sources provision as literacy training for returnees, IDPs and host populations in well as creation of recreational spaces. the areas of Haouich, and Am Dam [Ouaddaï region] All children of primary school age have free access to basic Recruitment and training of teachers quality education through the provision of a safe school environment, the strengthening of teachers’ capacity and the provision of school materials. School management is strengthened through activation of the Distribution of School materials Appui au secteur de l’éducation dans la région d’Am Timan APEs and ensured manager’s capacity-building. Self-sufficiency among IDP and refugee population is Activation and strengthening the APEs Formal and non-formal education for pre- and primary increased by the strengthening of their capacity to earn a school students and youth in Iridimi, Touloum and Am living. Nabak refugee camps in eastern Chad Children with special needs have access to primary education. Implementation of literacy courses and training of Improved access to quality education for pre-, primary and facilitators. secondary school students in Gaga, Bredjing and Treguine refugee camps and 21 surrounding host communities in eastern Chad

Education Provision of vocational training, an accelerated learning Access to improved quality education for pre- and primary programme for over-aged adolescents, and secondary school children in 12 refugee camps and surrounding host education in the refugee camps. communities in eastern Chad Registration of children with special needs, and the Access to improved quality education for pre- and primary provision for necessary support included in the school children in IDP sites and host communities in eastern education budget. Chad Implementation of school canteens Alphabetisation initiatives in IDP sites and host communities around Goz Beida, Koukou-Angarana and Kerfi Quality Education for Central African refugees and surrounding host communities in southern Chad Financial support to community teachers for IDP and host community schools in Goz Beida, Koukou-Angarana and Kerfi

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Sector Objectives Response plan Associated Projects Improve the resilience of refugees, IDPs and host Seeds and tools distribution to vulnerable Supply of farming inputs (seeds, tools/equipments) to households populations (in terms of agriculture, livestock and populations with access to natural resources (land of which food security is not reached in Haouich and Am Dam livelihood) through input distribution, improved access to and water) (Djouf Al Ahmar region) production factors, increased access to markets, better use of natural resources, and post-harvest management. Provision of technical training to beneficiaries Emergency supply of farming inputs to vulnerable households affected by conflict and floods in eastern and southern Chad. Construction of perimeters to protect cultivated land Support to agricultural and pastoral production for households from animals. affected by the crisis in eastern Chad through improved access to land and water, and protection of gardening perimeters Digging of gardening pits, pastoral wells and ponds Support to food security and livelihood rehabilitation for IDPs and in order to enhance water availability for farmers host populations of eastern Chad and herders. Reforesting the urban and sub-urban areas of Abéché. Appui aux programmes des déplacés et retournés de la de S/P de Kerfi Promotion of, and training on, IGAs Promotion and diversification of IGAs, adapted to Promotion of IGAs, such as agricultural processing and livestock local markets and to the needs of herders and activities, to assist women who are displaced, resettling or farmers (e.g. mills, oil presses, fruit and vegetable members of the host community without access to natural processing, animal fattening, etc.). resources in eastern and southern Chad Improving the capacity of IDP Populations and Local Communities in Gozbeida to Achieve Sustainable Livelihood Security Agriculture and livelihoods Reinforcement and/or creation of sectors required for the Reinforcement, formation, creation and/or Seed multiplication and supply of agricultural inputs in support of supply of inputs – in adequate quantity and quality – to certification of seed-producer groups, tool displaced, resettling and host-community households in the populations in need. producers, and distribution sectors. Ouaddai region and Northern Salamat Capacity-building among local and traditional authorities Reinforcement or creation of management in the management of resource-based conflict. committees for local conflicts related to the use of natural resources. In the context of Chad, these activities must be undertaken carefully, only using pilot projects for the first year. Reinforcement of coordination capacities within the Improvement of platforms for discussion and Support to the coordination of agricultural emergency activities humanitarian community and with national institutions, in exchange between humanitarian actors and order to improve the coherence of actions undertaken, national bodies. their monitoring, and information collection and sharing.

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Sector Objectives Response plan Associated Projects • Improve aid transport and delivery to the vulnerable 1/ the logistics cluster will strengthen: population. • Improve access to beneficiaries by the humanitarian • Interagency cooperation to address identified community gaps and to enhance means sharing. • Develop a common strategy to decrease the logistics • Information sharing on prices and activities. costs • Work on administrative procedures to ease imports • Cooperation with MINURCAT to decrease the and taxes pressure on prices and suppliers, and to consider resort to their logistics means in case of emergency • Enhance partners’ logistics capacity and their reactivity in case of emergency. 2/ the logistics sector will ensure that the most problematic tracks, bridges, and wadis crossing points will be repaired before the next rainy season. Priorities will be defined and organisation willing to do the works will be supported in their fundraising. 3/ an inter-agency fleet of trucks will be set up by WFP to address the most urgent needs. The use of these trucks will be managed by the logistics cluster according to the priorities defined by the group. 4/ Aviation group will carry on its activities, to

Logistics answer the humanitarian community needs in terms of location, and by ensuring good conditions and security of the various airstrips, and seeking for solutions if repairs are needed. 5/ the logistics sector will communicate on legal procedures regarding taxes and imports, will share information on administrative issues and will advocate to the HC and the donors community on these issues. 6/ the logistics sector will promote training to share skills and competencies, and reinforce organisations and their staff members4 capacities. It will focus on: • warehouse and stock management • driving on a difficult terrain • leet management 7/ the logistics sector will set up a contingency plan with the main needed items in case of emergency. 8/ The logistics sector will promote the set up of a mechanic workshop in Abéché, dedicated to the whole humanitarian community.

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Sector Objectives Response plan Associated Projects 1. Reduce UXO and mines-related risks, the number of 1. Continuation of UXO clearance operations in accidents and victims; the east; 2. Increase the number of zones and the surface of land 2. Starting UXO clearance operations in the areas cleared and released to local authorities and south-east of the country by increasing CND communities; operational capacity; 3. Create mine-free access to water points, market 3. Creation of a rapid response team for urban gardening zones, pastures, roads, tracks and and peri-urban zones; economic hubs; 4. Enhance the national capacity for assistance to 4. Conduct technical survey on part of the UXO/mines victims; contaminated regions (Kalaït Fada, Wadi Doum, Kouba Olanga, Bahai, Gouro); 5. Strengthen national mine action capacity. 5. Continuation of demining operations in Ounianga Kébir;

Mine action 6. Starting demining operations in Kalaït Fada and Wadi Doum; 7. Harmonizing IMSMA data collection and consolidation method and tools; 8. Systematization of MRE activities for prevention and operations support; 9. Design a National Victim Assistance Strategy; 10. Support CND for institutional development, national strategy and action plan implementation, resources mobilization. • Provide targeted assistance for emergency • To facilitate an appropriate level of humanitarian response to shelter and NFIs in villages of origin. the needs of over 50,521 conflict-affected people within the • Affected families receive NFIs as required. • Reduce vulnerability and improve living volatile and complex environment of south-east Chad. conditions of IDPs in relation to shelter. • The majority of IDPs construct their own shelter using • Provide emergency shelter and/or construction local materials and assistance is provided to persons material to affected families. with specific needs. • All land allocated by the Government or traditional • Identify sites, as required, that fulfill basic needs authorities is viable, safe and exempt from any and promote peaceful co-habitation with host possible litigation claims. communities. • A contingency stock is available in case of • Promote good coordination of activities for emergencies. humanitarian assistance by partners working in different sites/areas. Camp and site managementsite Camp and • Support the framework of durable solutions (return, relocation, local reintegration).

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Sector Objectives Response plan Associated Projects Ensure humanitarians have a telecommunications network • Reorganize HF/VHF radio frequencies, and operational radio equipment which conform with harmonize channels used by humanitarian security conditions within the areas of operations. community and programme all radios used by UN agencies, NGOs and partners (3,500 items). • Modify existing network infrastructure to establish essential radio coverage in all areas of operations. • Install a backup base at Kousseri, Cameroon, in case of security problems in N’Djamena. • Provide 24/7 service in all Field Office radio rooms. • Service all radio equipment (around 120-150 interventions a month). • Provide training on the use and procedures of

Emergency telecommunications radio telecommunications systems for all humanitarian users, especially in relation to emergency procedures.

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Sector Objectives Response plan Associated Projects • Reduce the mortality and the morbidity caused by the 1. the logistics cluster will strengthen: • Nutrition Programme for Chadian populations affected acute malnutrition, by the implementation of the by the eastern crisis community approach of acute malnutrition treatment and regular nutritional surveillance/survey; • Built the capacity of health staff of the Ministry of • Interagency cooperation to address identified gaps and • Nutrition programme for refugees in eastern Chad Health, humanitarian partners and communities to enhance means sharing. concerned by malnutrition. • Reinforce the operational capacity of Nutrition Cluster • Information sharing on prices and activities. • Nutritional surveys in eastern and southern Chad to help it to be more efficient in action against new crisis • Cooperation with MINURCAT to decrease the pressure on prices and suppliers, and to consider resort to their logistics means in case of emergency 2. the logistics sector will ensure that the most problematic tracks, bridges, and wadis crossing points will be repaired before the next rainy season. Priorities will be defined and organisation willing to do the works will be supported in their fundraising. 3. an inter-agency fleet of trucks will be set up by WFP to address the most urgent needs. The use of these trucks will be managed by the logistics cluster according to the priorities defined by the group. 4. Aviation group will carry on its activities, to answer the Nutrition humanitarian community needs in terms of location, and by ensuring good conditions and security of the various airstrips, and seeking for solutions if repairs are needed. 5. the logistics sector will communicate on legal procedures regarding taxes and imports, will share information on administrative issues and will advocate to the HC and the donors community on these issues. 6. the logistics sector will promote training to share skills and competencies, and reinforce organisations and their staff members4 capacities. It will focus on: • warehouse and stock management • driving on a difficult terrain • fleet management 7. the logistics sector will set up a contingency plan with the main needed items in case of emergency. 8. The logistics sector will promote the set up of a mechanic workshop in Abéché, dedicated to the whole humanitarian community.

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Sector Objectives Response plan Associated Projects 1. To save lives of Sudanese refugees and Chadian IDPs • General food distributions to the existing • Food security assistance to affected populations (Assoungha) and contribute to the reduction of acute malnutrition refugee caseload in the twelve camps. caused by shocks to below emergency levels in eastern Chad 2. To protect livelihoods and enhance self-reliance in • General food distributions to internally displaced emergencies and early recovery populations in 30 sites to promote seed protection from current harvests. Where feasible, some GDF rations may be distributed to IDPs through FFW projects managed by NGO partners. The purpose of both is to bridge the food self-sufficiency gap that IDPs presently face while at the same time promoting an enhanced sense of dignity among IDPs through their participation in productive investment in social/environmental infrastructure. Under no circumstances will FFW and GFD be duplicated among the same beneficiary households at the same time. 3. To reach refugees, internally displaced persons • FFW activities with vulnerable segments of local (IDPs), and host populations whose food and nutrition populations affected by the refugee and IDP security has been adversely affected by shocks situation to support social infrastructure involving soil and water conservation, forestation and road rehabilitation. 4. To support the return of IDPs to their villages of origin • Supplementary and therapeutic feeding in eastern Chad and refugees to their native country of programmes for vulnerable children and MCHN

Food security Sudan through food and nutrition assistance programmes with a training component for women. These programmes will be community- based and will be open to all host population, refugee and IDP women and children who meet the criteria. 5. To support the re-establishment of livelihoods, food • Emergency school feeding for IDP children and nutrition security of IDPs and host populations whose education has been interrupted by affected by shocks in eastern Chad dislocation as well as host community children in emergency regions. In the face of an unacceptable gender gap (approximately 21.5% according to recent programme data), and in accordance with ECW II.2, take-home rations (THR) will be provided within the scope of the ESC as a way of encouraging the attendance of girls at school. 6. To increase the levels of education of IDPs and host populations by improving access to primary education and basic nutrition and health through food and nutrition assistance 7. To meet the food and nutrition needs of those affected by HIV/AIDS and other chronic illnesses

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Sector Objectives Response plan Associated Projects 1. Ensure access to Health Care of a good Access of vulnerable to essential health care • Nutritional monitoring towards reducing morbidity and mortality quality, including mental health, reproductive health and nutritional care to the entire affected population (refugees, displaced persons, returnees and host population) 2. Strengthen the control of epidemics and • Maintaining existing presence in the east and filling the gaps of the consequences of natural disasters health cluster functions in N'Djamena and southern Chad 3. Strengthen the control of malaria, 1.1 Strengthening technical platforms of existing health facilities • Reinforcing disease surveillance and emergency health response HIV/AIDS and Tuberculosis within the (especially for reference system) in Chad affected population. 1.2 increased health coverage in areas not covered including those returned 4. Monitor disease and nutritional status of 1.3 Availability of inputs (essential medicines, vaccines and • Improving access to health care for IDPs and host populations in vulnerable populations and respond to consumables, reproductive health kits, various diagnostic tests eastern Chad the illness conditions due to food prices and nutritional inputs) crisis 5. Fill the current health coordination gaps 1.4 Strengthening the capacity of health staff and community • Maintaining on going emergency HIV health actions in the eastern in South-east, Central level and southern members for the promotion, prevention and care and southern Chad Chad bordering CAR 1.5 Implementing communication activities in community • Supporting Polio Surveillance and control programmes among the affected population specially refugees and IDPs 1.6 Management of chronic and acute malnutrition cases • Monitoring food prices crisis on health and responding to its impact 1.7 Implementation of monitoring activities and nutritional surveys • Support to basic health care for IDPs and host populations in Haouich and Am Dam

Health 1.8 Supervision, monitoring • Project for prevention and awareness raising on STds/HIV/AIDS in Haouich and Am Dam • Preventing of HIV/AIDS spread and reducing its impact in the eastern and southern regions of Chad 2. Control of endemic and outbreak communicable diseases • Improving Reproductive Health (RH) services to the conflict affected populations in eastern Chad • Improving reproductive health (RH) services to refugee and host communities in southern Chad 2.1 Capacity-building for committees for epidemic control • Health and Nutrition services for Sudanese Refugees and host communities in eastern Chad 2.2 Pre positioning of stocks contingency related to emergencies • Immunization and Health Promotion of the Children in IDPs sites and epidemics current and the host communities 2.3 Implementation of epidemiological surveillance of quality and a • Assistance to Guereda Hospital permanent (rapid detection and confirmation of epidemic) 2.4 Development of a comprehensive package for HIV control • Improving Surgical and Maternity Services at Am-Dam Hospital (screening, prevention, care of HIV-positive)) • Assistance to Guereda Hospital 3. Building the technical and coordination capacity of local and • Improving Surgical and Maternity Services at Am-Dam Hospital national health actors • Continuation of Provision of Nutrition Services to Population of Am-Dam 3.1 Strengthening the Health Information System • Health and Nutrition services for Central African Refugees and

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Sector Objectives Response plan Associated Projects host communities in southern Chad 3.2 Presence of focal point for health coordination in N'djamena and • Sexual education and prevention of STD/HIV/AIDS (CDV, PTME) in the main field (Sarh & Goz Beida) for young people between years and childbearing women • HIV AIDS prevention and access to health care for refugees and host communities in southern Chad • Reduce UXO and mines-related risks, • Continuation of UXO clearance operations in the east; • UXO clearance and demining - South/South-east the number of accidents and victims; • Increase the number of zones and the • Starting UXO clearance operations in the south-east of the • Demining of Wadi-Doum zone (mine fields) surface of land areas cleared and country by increasing CND operational capacity; released to local authorities and communities; • Create mine-free access to water points, • Creation of a rapid response team for urban and peri-urban • Rapid response team for demining and UXO clearance market gardening zones, pastures, zones; roads, tracks and economic hubs; • Enhance the national capacity for • Conduct technical survey on part of the contaminated regions • Strengthening Mine Action national capacity assistance to UXO/mines victims; (Kalaït Fada, Wadi Doum, Kouba Olanga, Bahai, Gouro); • Strengthen national mine action capacity. • Continuation of demining operations in Ounianga Kébir; Mine action • Starting demining operations in Kalaït Fada and Wadi Doum; • Harmonizing IMSMA data collection and consolidation method and tools; • Systematization of MRE activities for prevention and operations support; • Design a National Victim Assistance Strategy; • Support CND for institutional development, national strategy and action plan implementation, resources mobilization.

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Sector Objectives Response plan Associated Projects • Affected population enjoy their fundamental • IDP Profiling is conducted and protection and • Prevention of and response to Gender-Based Violence (GBV) among rights without discrimination, in particular related assistance are designed accordingly Refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) in eastern Chad to physical security, legal and material rights • Protection incidents are reported, and analytical • Identification, documentation, reporting and response • GBV refugees and IDP's reports are being analyzed and shared with all to cases of human rights violations in the sites relevant clusters to ensure adequate response and interventions • Identification and establishment of response • Mobile courts audiences are facilitated • Protective environment for children in IDP sites and host communities mechanisms in the benefit of persons with affected by armed conflict in eastern Chad specific needs or groups at risk • Shelter and NFIs needs of IDPs in the sites are • Capacity-building of local authorities and traditional • Protective environment for children in refugee sites and host met rulers on international standards and peaceful communities in southern Chad coexistence • IDPs and affected populations are fully involved in • Protection in refugee camps and host communities, eastern Chad activities and decisions relation to their situation 2.1 Favorable conditions are created to facilitate the return or local integration of the IDPs 2.2 A return strategy is in place at cluster and inter- cluster levels, while involving the governmental authorities 2.3 In case return, to facilitate the procedures of access to land and litigation procedures 3.1 UNICEF 3.1.1 Increase protection for psychosocial support to children and adolescent in IDP sites is developed. 3.1.2 An environment conducive for children victims of

Protection/HR/RoL serious children’s rights violations to be assisted is offered. 3.1.3 Monitoring and reporting on recruitment of children is ensures. 3.1.4 Release of children within armed groups is obtained and their civilian life restored. 3.1.5 Activities to prevent further recruitment of children are developed 3.1.6 Reintegration needs of children released from armed forces or groups are responded to. 3.1.7 Prevention and holistic care are offered to for sexual or gender-based violence victims. 3.1.8 Mine Risk Awareness projects are promoted and supported in order to reduce the incidence of Mine/UXO accidents among the population. 3.1.9 Harmonization of data collection towards the monitoring of the six worst violations of children's rights according to UNSC-Resolution 1612 through common indicators and templates is supported. 4.1 UNFPA.

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Sector Objectives Response plan Associated Projects 4.1.1 GBV coordination mechanism of interventions is strengthen at different level (national, regional and local) 4.1.2 GBV committee and community-based organisation are capacitated for the prevention and response interventions. 4.1.3 IASC guidelines, tools, norms and protocols are adapted, produced and disseminated in all the camps and IDP sites. 4.1.4 IEC tools and materials are produced and utilized for activities in camps, IDP sites and service providing settings. 4.1.5 Referral system fully functioning in all camps and main IDP sites 4.1.6 Programmes for reintegration and rehabilitation of GBV survivors are strengthened and generalized in all the camps and the main IDP sites with targeted income-generating activities for girls and women. 4.1.7 At least two joined rapid assessment conducted by different stakeholders 4.1.8 A unique, holistic and confidential data base put in place and monitored regularly to improve activities • Improve access to safe water and sanitation • Construction, operation and maintenance of affordable • Water Supply and Hygiene Promotion for population affected by infrastructure to refugees, IDPs and targeted safe water and sanitation infrastructures eastern Chad crisis in Ade host communities/returnees through the development and implementation of low-cost appropriate technologies manageable at local level • Reinforce beneficiary participation in planning, • Construction of alternative water sources (raw water, • Supply of WASH for vulnerable populations in Haouich and Am Dam construction, operation and maintenance of all filters) in order to differentiate water usage and to water and sanitation infrastructure, increase effective coverage • Improve safe hygiene practices among • Replacement of some motorized water systems by • Emergency WASH project in eastern Chad : to sustain access to safe refugees, IDPs and targeted host manageable ones where appropriate, drinking water and improvement of hygiene conditions for both communities/returnees through appropriate displaced and local populations of Dogdore/Thur, Kimiti Department, communication targeting communities and Sila Region schools, • Consolidate WASH cluster coordination through • Support to participative construction of family latrines, • Water and Sanitation programme for IDPs & Host Communities in the implementation of mechanisms which eastern Chad Water and Sanitation include all sector stakeholders. • Set up, operation and monitoring of water, sanitation • Emergency water and sanitation in southern Chad and hygiene committees, • Hygiene promotion in communities and schools • Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene Education for population through the implementation of the cluster hygiene affected by eastern Chad crisis strategies (development of communication tools and approaches, training, monitoring) • Organisation of regular meetings and adequate • Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene Education for CAR Refugees

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Sector Objectives Response plan Associated Projects information exchange. and Host Population in Southern Chad • Support to capacity-building of all sector stakeholders • Technical Advisory and Rapid Response Team: Water, Sanitation and (Government, NGOs, others) Hygiene Promotion • Establish and maintain a contingency stock for 25,000 • Consolidation of Public Health Response in IDP sites/host persons communities in eastern Chad 6. Equip security field offices with the logistic • Security reinforcement for humanitarian staff means to respond to UN and NGO community expectations in matters of security; 7. Act as a liaison with security actors present in the country; 8. Improve coordination on security plans; 9. Warn and inform the UN and NGO community and operations Security of staffSecurity of of new regulations and potential threats; 10. Support UN and NGO actors in times of crisis. • Livelihood enhancement and conflict mitigation amongst refugees and host communities • Care and Maintenance for Refugees in Chad • Emergency assistance to affected populations (internal conflict, natural disaster) • Care and Maintenance for internally displaced persons in eastern

Multi Sector Chad • Assistance to refugees in eastern Chad • Emergency assistance to affected population in eastern Chad

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ANNEX I. 2008 IN REVIEW

Evaluation of sector objectives Sector Objectives for 2008 Evaluation AGRICULTURE • Support to off-season production • Activities are ongoing as the rainy season has not ended; most of the distributions have yet to be undertaken; • 7,500 households receive a gardening kit (seeds and tool) from FAO in Ouaddaï and Salamat; • Africare distributed seeds in the south. • Increased access to agricultural inputs in • Identification of sites for the establishment of gardening order to improve production in the long perimeters, pastoral and gardening wells and artificial term ponds has not begun due to lack of financing. • Rehabilitation and promotion of access to • Actions not undertaken due to lack of funding. markets • Rehabilitation and support to the local • FAO is providing assistance to seed-producer groups production and supply of farming inputs (rice, chickpeas and peanuts) near Goz-Beida and Am- Timan. Approximately 355 tonnes of seeds will be produced then distributed to more than 15,000 households in 2009. • FAO is supporting local tool-producers through the purchase of approximately USD 195 000 of tools. • A training of trainers on seed production techniques and technologies was carried out by FAO to 29 trainers in Abéché, in collaboration with the Chadian Agronomic and Development Research Institute (ITRAD). • SECADEV implemented 10 seeds banks, with an individual storage capacity of 1.5 tonnes, near the border and carried out numerous trainings during the rainy season. • This objective remains fundamental as it will help to improve the quality of inputs distributed by humanitarian actors, involve host communities and create a sense of ownership. • Improvement of coordination among • Food security cluster meetings took place three times agricultural/livelihood actors during the rainy season in Abeche and twice in Goz- Beida. • Several field visits were undertaken by FAO in Goz-Beida, Koukou, and Bahaï. • A sub-Food Security cluster is being established in Farchana. • It remains necessary to improve coordination, particularly in N’Djamena and in southern Chad COORDINATION AND SUPPORT SERVICES • Support humanitarian assistance through • Ten out of 12 clusters are operational and have clear the establishment of the cluster approach strategies, at least one cluster meeting per month for and a country-level humanitarian every cluster, two inter-cluster meetings per month, and partnership team one Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) meeting per month. • 80% of unmet needs identified and addressed by clusters inter-agency contingency plan for the east regularly updated. • Promote resource mobilisation activities The Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) funds rapid response window: • $4.3 million to assist in the installation of 12,000 newly- arrived CAR refugees in Moula camp, southern Chad.

UNHCR, WFP and UNICEF: • $1,154,007 to renew UNHCR emergency stock of water and sanitation items looted in June 2008.

Under-funded window: • $6.8 million for under-funded sectors.

CAP process: • CAP 2008 MYR and CAP 2009 Workshops completed 71% funded of CAP 2008 as of October.

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Sector Objectives for 2008 Evaluation • Promote advocacy for the respect of • 7 civil-military coordination workshops, and 10 bilateral humanitarian principles, in conjunction training sessions (including the dissemination of with the deployment of EUFOR Chad/CAR approximately 400 CD-ROMs); • 5 fora established, and meetings held, between humanitarians, EUFOR Chad/CAR and the United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad (MINURCAT), which concretely identify and address possible frictions, monitor developments in civil-military relations and any significant events; • anticipate any possible inconsistencies, and proactively engage in finding solutions, focusing on civil-military coordination activities, and coordination with EUFOR Chad/CAR (patrols, convoys, etc); • meetings take place at least once weekly in Abéché, Farchana, and Goz Beïda, since the deployment of EUFOR Chad/CAR to the areas. Assure collection and circulation of • 12 inter-agency missions, and sharing of mission reports information, in a way directly conducive to with all partners; better humanitarian planning by all actors • 60% of recommendations addressed through project planning; • 90 sector maps produced; • regular production of a “who does what where” matrix updated monthly humanitarian inter-agency website operational and updated at least twice weekly. Raise awareness of Chad’s humanitarian • 14, of which four also produced in French; crisis and response (including the Chadian • 31, of which 14 also produced in French; refugee inflow into Cameroon in February) • eight, attended by 35 journalists on average; through public information and donor relations • 11 (including Corriere della Sera, IRIN, Swiss national activities radio, The Economist, Trouw); • contact with eight donors established and maintained, including concrete discussions on funding in four cases; • estimated: approximately 30 in foreign media except Cameroon (including Al-Jazeera, BBC Africa, Corriere della Sera, Dagens Nyheter, El Mundo, IRIN, The Economist, The Washington Post), 90 in Chadian media, and 30 in Cameroonian media. LOGISTICS Enhance transport capacity through the • Not achieved, the positioning of a WFP/interagency fleet provision of reliable secondary transport within of 30 trucks is planned for 2009. Chad Reduce the turnaround time for truck and • The establishment of a temporary logistics hub in Faya hence increase transport capacity and Largeau has enabled WFP to provide food in the eastern efficiency camps in time. Enhance predictability, thereby promoting • The Logistics Cluster is fully operational with two timeliness and efficiency in the logistics of meetings per month and between 20 to 25 participants at humanitarian operations through the Logistics each meeting. Logistics information is now shared and Cluster operations are coordinated. Provide a safe and efficient and cost-effective • Three organisations providing air services. More than 12 inter-agency air transport service destinations in eastern Chad. The aviation group is operational and coordinates schedules, routings and security. TELECOMMUNICATIONS As Cluster Lead for Emergency Telecoms • Lack of financing has hindered a timely commencement of (nominated November 2007), a robust this cluster. However, some advancements have been common emergency telecommunications made including: services network is required for the benefit of • An Inter-Agency Telecommunication Working Group all UN Agencies & Cluster Members working (IA-TWG) for Chad which meets to discuss security in eastern Chad to facilitate common security telecommunication technical and common operational support measures in a Phase IV environment. issues. Such a system may be required at the onset • A procurement request submitted to purchase of a natural disaster; a new or on-going telecoms equipment (relays, filters, antennas, etc) complex emergency where there are critical necessary to establish a common UN channel Bahai, telecommunications gaps; or at the outbreak Iriba, Guereda, Farchana, Abéché, Goz Beida, of diseases / epidemics. Koukou, N’Djamena, Danamadji & Gore. Existing inter-agency networks may need • - Supplementary relays were installed in Amleyouna upgrading and / or harmonised to ensure and Koukou to benefit humanitarians working in these effective communications to avoid duplication areas.

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Sector Objectives for 2008 Evaluation of systems and maximize efficiency. This may include introducing Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for vehicle tracking, staff safety and security, and ensuring implementation of a security communications network. EDUCATION School rate increase to 60% for school age • This objective was achieved by 50% due to insecurity on children in the Assoungha, Dar Sila, Djourouf the Dogdore zone, insufficient community teachers and al Amar and Ouara departments funding. Recruit and training 600 teachers to achieve • This objective was achieved by 37% due to difficulties in one teacher to 50 pupil ratio teacher’s identification, recruitment, training and motivation. Increase the number of class rooms to be • This objective was achieved by 32% due to difficulties operational related to security in the zone, non sufficient funding, and difficult access to the intervention zones as well as lack of local skilled technicians. Increase numbers of school materials for • This objective was achieved by 80% for school materials 30,000 school age students (one book for and none (0%) for manuals; this was due to difficulties in three children and one book per teacher) manuals acquisition and the fact that there isn’t a national management structure for school materials. Increase school canteens to facilitate the • This objective was achieved in Dar Sila for 9,000 children, APE’s capacity to manage them. there were difficulties in finding local skilled technicians to build kitchens and there is lack of latrines and water. Advocate with MEN to improve teachers • Monthly Cluster meetings were held and MEN have recruitment and remuneration difficulties to fund teacher’s salaries. FOOD AID EAST Save lives of Sudanese refugees & IDP • 2100 Kcal planned 80% archived, 1,700 Kcal; through GFD distributions • refugees, eight months distribution; • IDPs; • seeds protection rations (SPR), three months.

Constraints: • late donor contribution; • insecurity; • logistics difficulties; • general global increase in food and oil prices; • difficulties in regional purchases; • pre-positioning constrains, long lead times. Support livelihood of population affected by • target refugee population 150,000, 50,000 reached; crisis, and local population through food-for – • host: 150,000, 180,000 reached, three month SPR work (FFW) activities distribution.

Constraints: • pipeline delays activities; • insecurity; • monitoring constrains; • priority to life saving activities. Support nutrition and health status of • 90% of programme target archived: vulnerable individuals and children through Constraints: SPP feeding • temporary interruptions due to insecurity; • partners withdrawal from sites camps. Support education through Ecoles sans • 9,000 children actual beneficiaries. Frontières (ESF) to 30,000 children in IDP camps Constraints: • lack of local partnership capacity; • unstable population; • insecurity; • lack of infrastructure, logistical constraints and access. SOUTH Life saving assistance to CAR refugees • general food distribution (GFD) regular, 2,100 Kcal; • new caseloads and vulnerable populations benefited.

Constraints: • pipeline delays; • late donor contribution; • new influxes.

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Sector Objectives for 2008 Evaluation Promote self reliance and IGP to refugee and • 10 MT of seeds distributed in Goro by FAO (5% of host population requirement); • project LRRD started to assist transition from relief to rehabilitation in Grand Dido; • land access negotiated by UNHCR; • 40% refugees self reliant.

Constraints: • limited income-generating activities (IGAs) for project implementation; • limited agricultural input provided to IDP to enhance self reliance; • over farming, exhausting land, drop in crop yield. Support nutritional status of children under • regular distribution; five, P&L women in refugee and host villages • WFP an Action Contre la Faim (ACF) conducted a nutrition survey.

Constraints: • no nutrition surveillance system in region. Provide nutritional support to HIV affected • functional. persons Constraints: • late start; • funding constrains; • pipeline breaks, late contributions. HEALTH Access to health care including reproductive • Limited access to health care to the affected population, health to the affected population including reproductive health, from the returned areas, border areas and health district of Amdam. • Construction of Health Centres (UNHCR) in priority areas • Weak referral system severe emergencies and complicated cases due to logistics, insecurity, cultural barriers. • Availability and accessibility of essential drugs supply for the treatment of tuberculosis and malaria according to the national protocols ensured • Imbalance of health indicators between refugees and local population addressed • Immunization coverage often below standard with resurgence of polio cases (2 in 2005, 1 in 2006, 21 in 2007 and 16 in 2008) • High maternal mortality due to poor obstetric care including antenatal visits, skilled birth attendance, and referral mechanism for obstetrical complications. • Support to obstetrical fistula cases management provided Control of epidemics, emergencies and • early warning system for epidemic diseases (EWARS) HIV/AIDS implemented in the east, improved through better data transmission; • EWARS in the south to be established; • emergencies and epidemics were under control in terms of detection and response (Neonatal tetanus, hepatitis E, war wounded and floods); • mother-to-child transmission of HIV and therapeutic care for HIV and tuberculosis prevented, hepatitis E (death around 1%, half of pregnant women) prevented. Roll out of the cluster approach Chad-wide • Operational coordination, information management and sharing, joined planning, strategy formulation and implementation introduced also in the south, N’Djamena and Goz Beida. MINE ACTION Demining, unexploded ordnance (UXO) and • clearance of Massaguet, Massakory and Mongo by CND mine clearance teams with UNDP/UNOPS project support and UNICEF support for MRE; Mine risk education (MRE) • MRE campaign in the east and in N’Djaména; • Development of a MRE school curricula modulum (UNICEF /CND); • demining re-launch in Ounianga (CND); • six-month mine action/UXO clearance project started in

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Sector Objectives for 2008 Evaluation July 08 within the framework of UNDP/UNOPS project (project support to National Mine Action Strategy implementation), with Mines Advisory Group (MAG), Technical survey, MRE, marking and clearance in the east, around Abéché.

Achievements: • Abougoulem zone (Technical survey covering 8 km², marking, and clearance of contaminated areas) • Abéché town

Planned intervention: • Am-Zoer zone; • design of a rapid response team project for urban and peri-urban interventions.

Constraints: • none of the CAP projects have received funding; • lack of specific objectives defined for the 2008 CAP. Victims Assistance • First phase of a support mission for the elaboration of a National Victim Assistance Strategy by the Geneva International Humanitarian Demining Center (CIDHG) in August 08. Creation of a Mine Action cluster • Ongoing discussions for the 2009 CAP NUTRITION Reduce the mortality and the morbidity The data of the first quarter of 2008 show the following exit caused by the acute malnutrition, by the indicators in the therapeutic feeding centre (TFC) which serve implementation of the community approach of the main IDPs sites: acute malnutrition treatment and regular • recovery rate: 91.17% (Sphere Standards > 75%); nutritional surveillance/ survey • defaulters rate: 3.12% (> 15%); • death rate: 1.04% (< 10%).

In the supplementary feeding centre (SFC), with 1398 registered during the period the mains indicators are the following: • recovery rate: 96,14%; • defaulters rate: 3,86%; • death rate: 0%.

In the OTP of Ade and kerfi which don’t use the national protocol and which were been stroked at mains times by security incidents the exit indicators aren’t so good: • recovery rate: 63.95%; • defaulters rate: 23.77%; • death rate: 2.2%. Built the capacity of health staff of the Ministry • 24 staff members from the districts hospital of Iriba, of Health, humanitarian partners and Guereda, Biltine, and the refugee’s camps of communities concerned by malnutrition. Kounoungou, Mile, Amnaback, Iridimi and Touloum were trained to take care of acute malnutrition. • 29 others will be trained during the first half of October 2008. These staff will come from the districts of Abéché, Goz Beida, Adre, Amdam and the camps of Djabal, Goz Amir, the IDP sites of Dar Sila and the site of Arkoum, Goundiang. Reinforce the operational capacity of Nutrition • A contingence plan was elaborated by the cluster focal Cluster to help it to be more efficient in action point and adopted by the cluster. against new crisis • A contingency stock was been constituted in Abéché and Goz Beida. • A quarterly bulletin is in place since August 2008 and will be regularly published.

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Sector Objectives for 2008 Evaluation PROTECTION/HUMAN RIGHTS/RULE OF LAW Coordination: strengthening coordination and Regular weekly/monthly meetings held throughout the region reporting mechanism in the domain of gender- with all relevant actors including IDPs, NGOs, authorities, based violence (GBV) and related activities EUFOR Chad/CAR, MINURCAT,etc. have facilitated open productive discussions which have supported the rational provision of protection and assistance within a challenging Phase IV environment.

Cluster approach: Improved coordination through systemic regular and substantive meetings (national, regional and field levels) for protection, telecommunications and site management clusters or sub-clusters. Facilitating favourable conditions for durable About 1,500 households in Dar Sila and 2,200 in the solutions, by strengthening inter-community Assoungha returned to villages of origin within a context of dialogue, conflict resolution and peaceful co- real-time evaluations conducted. existence programmes Although the sustainability of the return movement is still uncertain, food and non-food assistance was provided both in the sites and in return areas.

UNHCR and partners (Eirene, Association des Chefs Traditionnels du Tchad (ACTT), Mediation Eleveurs- Agriculteurs (MEC), Almy Bahaim and mixed commissions supported peace and reconciliation missions to the field (Goz Beida, Kerfi, Tiero-Marena, Lobotigue.)

Targeted assistance was provided to the Arab communities neighbouring Koukou Angarana in the IDP returning areas to encourage peaceful cohabitation.

IASC adoption of framework strategy for durable solutions (April 2008) with relevant working groups established at regional and local levels

IDPs’ villages of origin are being constantly assessed (Village Assessment Project) to determine living conditions, security, existing structures, movements of population and relationships in view of further programming and strategy orientation. Providing protection through monitoring (with Strengthened protection monitoring through establishing a participatory emphasis) which inter alia standard harmonised operating procedures, e.g. protection identifies persons with specific needs and incident reports used by all partners includes rights abuses such as sexual and gender-based violence (GBV); disseminating Consensus has been forged to put in place a common inter- legal information and advice to IDPs; and agency Protection Monitoring and Response Network. making authorities aware of their responsibilities to Chadian civilians. First semesters’ report shared by the protection Cluster indicated that 181 individual cases were documented, out of which 30 incidents in the Assougha, 59 in Goz Beida and 92 in Koukou Angarana.

In terms of violations’ trend, 74 out of 181 incidents were related to gender-based violence (including female genital mutilations), 21 violations of rights of children (including 13 cases of forced recruitment), and incidents related to access to land.

In response to identified cases, UNHCR facilitated one session of mobile court (Audience foraine) for the Prosecutor and Tribunal of Abéché to carry on judicial activities in Farchana. These mobile courts are very much appreciated by the population but its impact is still limited due to insufficient number of sessions. Conducting IDP profiling in all sites as well as Inter-agency profiling undertaken in all sites to count number in major returning areas; of IDP households and identify their needs (protection and assistance), especially those with specific needs.

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Sector Objectives for 2008 Evaluation A common data base being established. Profiling in returning areas scheduled in October 2008.

Village Assessment project resulted in data (demographic profile, security situation, sectoral infrastructure) from villages of origin now available through internet for all relevant stakeholders to better meet IDP needs. CHILD PROTECTION To prevent forced recruitments, facilitate UNICEF is working toward widespread availability of withdrawal, transition and reintegration of protection services that prevent and respond to violence, Children Associated with Forces and Armed exploitation and abuse of children and women in IDP sites, Groups (CAFGA) refugee camps, and local villages. Activities comprise the consolidation of child-friendly spaces, the building of capacities within grassroots-level organisations and NGOs, the training of community-based child-friendly spaces animators, traditional leaders, and military, on child right issues. Awareness campaigns on the dangers posed by UXO are also conducted.

In cooperation with its NGO partners, UNICEF has established 72 child-friendly spaces in refugee camps, IDP sites, and surrounding host communities, benefiting approximately 10,000 young individuals.

As leader of the sub-cluster for child protection, UNICEF is promoting the harmonisation of data collection and programme design, and is also facilitating inter-organisational collaboration. At the end of 2007, a list of common indicators and templates has been introduced for use by NGO and United Nations partners as a first step towards the monitoring of the six worst child right violations contained in United Nations Security Council resolution 1612.

Since the signature of an agreement between the Government of Chad and UNICEF in May 2007, and the visit of the Special Representative of the Secretary General for Children and Armed Conflict (SRSG-CAAC) in May 2008, both highlighting the Government’s commitment to ban the recruitment of children, 534 children formerly associated with armed forces and groups have been demobilised. Approximately 60% of them have already been reintegrated into their communities of origin, while the remainders are now in Transit and Orientation Centres managed by UNICEF’s NGO partners. To promote a holistic approach in the • UNFPA supported the evaluation of the reproductive response of to cases of gender-based health crisis situation in Chad. According to preliminary violence and to reinforce the coordination of results, GBV has not decreased: 62% of women have the projects in favour of the affected submitted to psychological violence versus 27% of populations. physical violence. Sexual violence is frequent: 19% of women experienced it. 63% of women have been victims of female genital mutilations. • UNFPA partner, International Rescue Committee (IRC), reports an average of two to four cases of domestic violence presented per month in the health centre in Oure Cassoni camp. This is only a fraction of the incidents involving domestic violence. • UNFPA and partners (MOH, UNHCR) trained 78 service providers from the camps of east and south Chad in the clinical management of the rape survivors. These training benefited to MOH and medical organisations, Cooperazione Internazionale (COOPI), International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC)/Chadian Red Cross of Chad, International Medical Corps (IMC) and Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF)- Netherlands. • UNFPA acquired PEP kits and kits for basic management of rape for all the 12 camps in east and the five camps in south Chad.

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Sector Objectives for 2008 Evaluation • UNFPA deployed on behalf of IASC a consultant for the coordination of GBV in eastern Chad from December 2007 to March 2008. • Since June 2008, the GBV sub-cluster was launched and normally holds meetings on a monthly basis. • In Touloum, Iridimi and Am Nabak camp, UNFPA developed five messages in French and Arabic and produced IEC material on the prevention and management of GBV. More than 35,000 refugees benefited in these camps from awareness rising campaigns. • GBV prevention and management committees were put in place in theses camp by CARE and CCF with UNFPA support. 21 of 30 community organisation were trained; 594 people attended education session of early marriage and female genital mutilations. 360 religious, community leaders, traditional birth attendants were also trained. • UNFPA and CARE also supported the GBV prevention and management services for IDPs in Assoungha division: many sensitisation campaigns in IDPs site (Arkoum: 34; Goundiang: 24; Allacha: 39; markets: nine and in schools: six). 20 focal points were trained and three communities put in place in these three sites. WATER AND SANITATION Reduce the incidence of illness caused by • WASH interventions contributed to the reduction of the water-borne diseases such as diarrhoea and incidence of water-related diseases such as diarrhea in hepatitis E, by improved hygiene practices IDP sites (for example, the incidence of acute aqueous among affected population diarrheas reduced from 348 cases/10,000 persons in 2007 to 209 cases/10,000 persons from June to September). • A hygiene promotion strategy for the cluster is under development. • Hygiene promotion interventions are implemented in 13 IDP sites and all refugee camps. However, risky hygiene behaviours are common among affected populations. Hygiene practices such as appropriate use and maintenance of latrines, hand washing and safe water hygiene have been particularly targeted. • Although effective community participation has been clearly identified as a key cluster strategy, this has to be systematically implemented by all actors. Improve access to drinking water and to basic • Access to safe water (10-15 l/p/d) has been achieved in sanitation services. Dar Sila IDP sites and six refugee camps south of the Abéché-Adre axis, while this is not the case in IDP sites in Assongha and Djorouf and in the six northern refugee camps. Issues of repartition of water points, walking distance and quality have been raised in some sites. The use of safe water for all purposes (including for livestock, bricks…) reduces the real available water quantity.

• Access to sanitation facilities is acceptable in IDP sites around Goz Beida and Aradib. However, the situation is unsatisfactory in the other IDP sites and in refugee camps because of high population concentration and also insufficient. The agreed strategy based on a greater implication of beneficiaries is yet to be generalised. Solid waste management should be given more attention especially in bigger sites/camps.

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Sector Objectives for 2008 Evaluation EARLY RECOVERY The overall objective of Early Recovery is to • A programme of Early Recovery has been developed by restore and strengthen the capacities of the UNPD Office during the 2008 semester and right now communities and authorities for sustained transmitted to the headquarter for approval. Its reintegration, development and peace. Early implementation will be effective before the end of 2008. recovery initiatives aim specifically to : The hiring process of experts has even started and will continue. • facilitate the reintegration of IDPs; • In view of the multidimensional aspect of early recovery, • restore basic social services; most of the objectives listed will be achieved through an • revitalise economic livelihoods; integrated approach with a large partnership. It is better • strengthen rule of law and the to underline here that UN agencies will take into account effectiveness of the judiciary system; the works done by the European Union and the French • rebuild and empower communities; Cooperation in order to formulate and implement their • build peace and promote reconciliation; policy in the east of Chad. • promote gender equality; • ensure environmental sustainability.

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Refugees Sector Objectives Evaluation Protection CAR Refugees • UNHCR field offices at Gore and Danamadji continued to monitor All Central African refugees enjoy the refugee movement at the border in close collaboration with physical protection, legal status and CNAR, the Government body in charge of the protection and socio-economic rights and durable security of refugees. solutions are found for their asylum • During the first quarter of 2008 some 6,000 CAR refugees arrived problem. in southern Chad and were accommodated in a new site, Moula, situated at 2 km from Maro. The security and administration • Some 1,789 new arrivals (447 families) were registered and structures from Centre National transferred to the site of Dosseye in 2008 from Bitoye, Bekoninga, d'Appui à la Recherche (CNAR) and Komba and Bekan entry points the local authorities are reinforced in • As of 30 September 2008, there were 12,040 refugees registered order to respond to protection needs at Amboko, 12,709 at Gondje 8,332 at Dosseye, 13,496 at of refugees. Yaroungou and 5,287 at Moula new site. • Information on international protection and non-refoulement was shared with the local border authorities and military. No case of refoulement was reported. • No identity cards were issued to refugees. However none of the refugees was arrested due to the lack of ID cards. Refugees can move freely from camps with travel authorisation (sauf conduit) issued by local authorities. • With the collaboration of the local authorities, 150 new borne refugees were provided with individual birth certificate. An agreement has been established to issue official death certificated to refugees as of 2008. UNHCR normally has access to all refugees in detention. Continued efforts are underway to improve the gendarmes’ capacity, training them on international protection and improving their living and working conditions. However, close monitoring of refugees in detention and arrest is still deemed necessary to avoid abuse and exploitation. • Efforts have also been undertaken to increase community participation and self management in order for refugees to contribute to their own protection. Female participation has been strengthened through revision of the election rules and active promotion by UNHCR and partners. However, the impact of female participation remains limited(less than 30%) due to prevailing patriarchal cultures among the refugee and local communities. A comprehensive approach to prevention and response to GBV, including implementation of SOPs and trainings is being implemented. During the last six months only 13 cases were reported. However, many cases are still underreported and efforts are still needed to change deep rooted cultural norms and beliefs towards GBV and FGM. In this regard, 40 GBV focal points were established in all Gore sites • Pre-registration and profiling exercise took place at Dembo transit site. Comprehensive registration using progress will be conducted in the second semester for all new CAR refugees at Moula camp.UNHCR kept close coordination with local authorities to ensure security inside and around all refugee settlement sites. Protection Sudanese Refugees • All refugees living in/outside camps, including new born children, Ensure all refugees living in /outside were registered and had documents in conformity with SOPs. camps are registered and have ID • Mechanisms for prevention and response to specific protection cards cases, where refugees have been victims of abuse, exploitation or acts of violence (including GBV), were strengthened through a Ensure that all protection cases are system of coordination, information exchange and efficient referral. followed up and mechanisms are • Measures were taken to maintain the civilian and humanitarian strengthened for the prevention and character of the camps, including public order, and prevent the response to sexual or gender-based recruitment of child refugees despite the infiltration of armed violence groups and a lack of national will or capacity to enforce a respect of law and order. Follow up was undertaken on the prevention and Maintain the civilian and response to child recruitment. humanitarian character of the camps and prevent the recruitment of child refugees by armed groups

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Sector Objectives Evaluation Urban Refugees • Continuous support to the Eligibility Committee and CNAR was The capacity of CNAR is reinforced provided. UNHCR paid per diems for committee members for days to ensure refugee status of refugee status determination. The commission analysed 31 determination through training and requests for asylum seekers, three refugee statuses were granted, support to the Eligibility Commission seven rejected and 21 others are still under consideration. • Two participants from the Eligibility Commission and one staff from All urban refugees and asylum CNAR attended a training session on International Protection of seekers benefit from International refugees in Strasbourg in France with UNHCR facilitation. Protection • CO N’Djamena organised three training sessions for gendarme and Durable solutions promoted police of MINURCAT on the international protection of IDPs and refugees. More than eight other sessions are planned in the second semester 2008. • The draft bill on refugee protection was reviewed, completed and sent to Geneva for comments in June 2008. The objective is to have the bill promulgated in December 2008. In this regard, the office continues advocacy and sensitisation towards local authorities on the international protection of refugees and the necessity to have a refugee law. • Registration of refugees could not take place. Urban refugees are estimated at 5,286. • Voluntary repatriation was facilitated for 30 Congolese refugees (11 families). Three cases requested to postpone their repatriation to September 2008. • Five other dossiers were submitted for tracing in the country of origin, the response is still awaited. Food Undertaken 2 socio-economic • Food basket monitoring (FBM) and post distribution monitoring household surveys each year in all (PDM) conducted in six out of 12 camps by Première Urgence with camps (one before/one after the ECHO funding. rainy season) • Joint Assessment Mission (JAM) in eastern Chad took place after the rainy season (end September 2008) without the participation of A Joint Evaluation Mission (JAM) is UNHCR head quarters. carried out with the active • All lactating and pregnant women receive special dry rations every participation of UNHCR week, provided by WFP, to complement their regular general rations. The presence of a UNHCR HQ staff • One milling machine was provided in Bredjing camp to facilitate member is recommended from an milling cereals for refugees. Those with specific needs have objectivity perspective access to the mill free of charge. • Pending purchase of milling machines by WFP, UNHCR submitted Supplementary food is provided for a funding proposal to MINURCAT (QIP Programme) to provide a persons with specific needs milling machine in Goz Amir; the proposal was approved in June. Transport/Logistics CAR Refugees • Light vehicles, trucks, motorcycles and generators for UNHCR and Refugees receive food, NFIs and implementing partners were regularly maintained by GTZ. assistance without delay Requisition for purchasing five vehicles and spare parts for fleet and generators are in process. Fleet of vehicles operates all year • Food and NFIs were transported to Dembo and Moula using hired long without interruption. Capacity to trucks from local transporters. respond immediately during an • 1,789 new arrivals were transported from the border entry points of emergency Bekoninga (30kms from Gore), Bitoye (193km from Gore) Komba and Bekan to the Dosseye camp. Other 361 refugees were transported from Amboko/Gondje to Dosseye for their relocation. • 3,413,614 kg of food were transported and delivered to refugees at Gore sites of Amboko, Gondje and Dosseye. • Two fuel containers of 20,000 litres (cuves) were ordered to increase fuel storage capacity fuel at Gore and Danamadji. • One aircraft was chartered to transport humanitarian staff to/from southern Chad twice a week to facilitate protection monitoring and delivery of humanitarian assistance to refugees. • Adequate supply of fuel and fleet maintenance was provided: 152,000 litres of fuel were purchased and distributed to implementing partners. • All refugees in the sites regularly received food rations supplied by WFP and transported by UNHCR from EDP to the sites. Distribution services and facilities were established in new sites and maintained in existing sites. • UNHCR hired trucks to transport 7,000 refugees from Dembo to Moula

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Sector Objectives Evaluation • Establishment of necessary warehousing, storage and distribution facilities and services to ensure delivery of necessary relief items to refugees, in good condition and without delay, in Moula and Dembo • Access roads need to be rehabilitated but this cannot be done due to limited resources. Sudanese Refugees • Road repairs undertaken in Wadi Touloum (Iriba region). Ensure there is adequate • Fuel storage capacity increased to meet operational requirements. transportation to enable • AirServ aircraft fully effective for passengers and cargo as required. humanitarians and other persons • GTZ regularly maintained and serviced vehicles and generators, relevant to UNHCR work, to be with some difficulties due to late arrival of spare parts. transported in safety and dignity, and • Fleet has been severely limited due to aging of many trucks, cars items received by refugees in the and motorbikes (which cannot be quickly replaced) and car camps without delay. hijacking.

All rolling stock and generators are in good condition through regular maintenance. Domestic needs/Household support CAR Refugees • New CAR refugees received NFIs according to the following All refugees living on sites benefit standard: one blanket/per person, one mat/per person, one from household items (kitchen sets, jerrycan/per two people, one tent/per five people, 250g soap, and blankets) and their basic soap/per/month. needs are covered, taking into • The following items were ordered: 6,000 blankets, 2,000 mosquito account the specific needs of net, 6,000 jerry cans, 3,000 kitchen sets, 6,000 buckets, 12000 women, girls, boys and other plastics mats, 80metric Tons of soap and 50,000 sanitary kits for individuals with specific needs. women. • Refugees received soap only for three months. No distribution of soap took place during the last three months due to shortfall caused by the lack of reliable suppliers in the local and regional market. • Women received sanitary materials in all sites. Sudanese Refugees • All newly arrived refugees received NFIs according to the following The vulnerability of refugees is standard: one blanket/per three people, two per family, one reduced and their quality of lie is mosquito net/ two persons, 1 kitchen set/family, two ten-litre jerry improved (including persons with cans/family, 2x2m of sanitary towels/woman twice a year, one specific needs) through the provision twenty-litre bucket /family inter alia of domestic household • 6,000 new arrivals in Guereda received NFIs and extremely items and hygiene items. vulnerable arrivals on the border were given NFIs. • NFIs were distributed • Contingency stock (excluding mosquito nets and soap), for 26,000 refugees in place in all camps. Water CAR Refugees • Refugees have easy access to potable water in the CAR old All refugees have access to caseloads refugee settlements sites of Amboko, Gondje and adequate quantity of safe water to Dosseye. Existing boreholes were maintained during the reporting meet their domestic and individual period: 24 boreholes in Gondje, 23 boreholes in Amboko and 15 needs in accordance with the boreholes in Dosseye. standards. • The quantity of potable water available per person per day is much higher than the standard of 20 l/p/d: Amboko, 31L; Gondje, 31l; Reduced risk of transmission of Dosseye, 30l; water-borne diseases. • The number of people per functioning borehole is slightly higher than the standard of 500 persons per borehole: Amboko, 528 persons; Gondje, 527 persons; Dosseye, 531 persons. • Percentage of population living within a 200m radius from a water point conforms to the standard (100%): the distance between a water point and households varies from 50 to 300m. • Water management committees are functioning and members have been trained to allow a progressive handing over of the water management: 103 persons received training on their roles and responsibilities. • 11 repairmen were trained and equipped to repair boreholes; during the reporting period four boreholes were maintained/repaired.

For new arrivals: • Refugee received ten litres of water per person per day; • Water was trucked to refugee transit site at Dembo;

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Sector Objectives Evaluation • Water boreholes drilled at Dembo; • Water boreholes drilled at Moula site with MoFA funding; • Water trucking completed the quantity produce by Moula boreholes. Sudanese Refugees Average quantity of water per person per day is 14.1 (an improvement Two micro-dams built at Mile and by one litre since 2007) despite an increase of 8,127 refugees. Kounougou; eight cement wells built Improvements are due to interventions in Mile, Kounoungou, Gaga and in host villages near Bredjing, Bredjing, but efforts are still needed in Iridimi, Touloum, Am Nabak and Tregine, Djabal and Goz Aamir Ouré Cassoni where new projects are planned for the last trimester of camps to reduce pressure on water 2008, and 2009. Number of persons per tap decreased from 139 to and resulting risks of tension. 127 due to ongoing efforts.

Ongoing hydro-geological Iridimi: exploration and eventual • identification of dam location completed; the location is being development of potential sites for a surveyed; drinking water system to alleviate • rehabilitation of one old borehole to increase potable water during congestion symptoms in Mil, the water crisis (i.e. every dry season); Kounoungou and Farchana • identification of three boreholes and three wells to be constructed after the rainy season for the refugee camp and local population; Dig three boreholes and install hand • agreement concluded with local authorities and population to equip pumps for Djabal, Iridimi and existing boreholes located on private land with hand pumps and Touloum managed by the local population; • joint survey (Oxfam GB, UNHCR, CARE and Ministry of Water) Results, reports and statistics re- completed and selection of the sites for wells and boreholes water table, bacteriological and agreed. physico-chemical qualities regularly available to assist in sustainable Touloum: exploitation of water resources. • identification of location for an artificial pond (rock formation not Awareness raising of 7 WatSan suitable for dam construction) and survey of the location is being partners re responsible water conducted; management. Strengthen capacity • identification of locations for three boreholes and three wells to be of 12 water management constructed after the rainy season for the refugee camp and the committees. Ongoing awareness local population; raising of 50% refugees re • agreement concluded with local authorities and population to equip responsible water management. 7 existing boreholes located on private land with hand pumps and to WatSan partners involved in be managed by the local population; maintaining, training and running • joint survey (UNHCR, Ministry of Water and CARE) completed hydraulic infrastructures. along with 2008 to 2009 plan of action.

Am Nabak: • one well constructed in the village (90% completed); • agreement between UNHCR, HELP and local authorities to construct three new wells for the camp as part of a strategy to eliminate water trucking; • Joint survey (UNHCR, Ministry of Water and Help) completed selection of the 2008 to 2009 project and the pipeline and network was designed and submitted to operational partner HELP for final validation. Water trucking in Am Nabak ongoing but alternative water supply systems are being explored to set up a new more sustainable and less costly water system; • Joint survey (Oxfam GB, SECADEV, UNHCR and Ministry of Water) completed and selection of the sites for wells and boreholes agreed.

Guereda • Birak: o construction of wells in three border villages hosting new refugee arrivals ongoing since May 2008; o two almost completed (80%) and one to be relocated (presence of hard rock).

• Mile et Kounoungou: o completion of 80% of the water system in Mile and Kounoungou, including construction/ rehabilitation of four wells and two boreholes in the wadi; o construction of two new water tanks for new arrivals in Mile and Kounoungou; o installation of pipeline and pumps between rehabilitated sources and new water tanks completed.

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Sector Objectives Evaluation

Bahai: • Ouré Cassoni: two technical evaluations completed. Maintain and keep running water Farchana systems in 12 refugee camps • Gaga: (chlorine, fuel, spare parts, o survey completed (UNHCR and Africare) to create artificial personnel salaries, etc.) pond after the rainy season; o survey and selection for well site completed; o new well under construction.

• Bredjing and Treguine: o at UNHCR’s request, OXFAM GB agreed to take over water/sanitation sector; o project selected by authorities under UNHCR QIPs.

• On going maintenance of water system ensured in all camps; Oxfam GB survey (under UNHCR supervision) was validated with Ministry of Water and partners; priority given to camps with problematic water supply i.e. Guereda and Iriba. • Regular water table monitoring and bacteriological analysis is conducted in most camps. • One workshop is conducted with all UNHCR partners to validate revised strategy, harmonised, long term approach validated by Ministry of Water. • Maintenance of water system is ensured by seveb implementing partners with limited disruptions. Sanitation CAR Refugees • Latrines coverage: Gondje: Refugees live in healthy sanitary o Gondje, 1: 64; condition o Dosseye, 1: 19; o Amboko, 1: 27. • Sensitisation of refugees concerning constructing family latrines and distribution of foundation slabs, 249 slabs were constructed and distributed. • Five incinerators and 13 washstands constructed. • Emergency sanitation facilities for new refugees established at Dembo and Moula transit sites. • CARE international established 50 emergency latrines and 12 semi permanent latrines at Moula camp (with MoFA funding) out of 500 latrines planned. Funding will also cover construction of other sanitation facilities such drainage, garbage pits and washstand but not the construction of showers. • Hygiene committees were trained and equipped and are now functional. Sudanese Refugees • Standard: one latrine for 26 persons maintained in all camps with Repair /construct 5,000 communal the ratio better in some e.g. in Djabal, one latrine for 13 persons; in latrines. Goz Amir one for 16 persons. • A strategy of replacing community latrines by individual family ones Renew 50 rubbish pits (2m x 5m x is gradually being put in place in most camps with refugee 2m); maintain/repair 60 dry wells at participation in the construction of their own latrines. 150 new water points; maintain/repair 72 family latrines constructed to date. washing areas and 12 km of • The new approach of standardisation of latrine designs and rainwater channels community participation will improve the situation by 2009. Purchase 3,000 litres of deltametrine • Garbage pits, washing areas and drainage pits at water points are for southern sites/eastern camps; being constructed and used by refugees in all camps. In all camps, purchase 36 protection outfits; weekly clean up is organised through refugee hygiene committees. purchase 36 spray pumps; purchase • A sanitation review is being conducted. Following a request, 41,000 impregnated mosquito nets UNHCR received information from partners re existing sanitation for children under five; purchase infrastructures in the camps. This inventory will be validated for 10,000 impregnated mosquito nets each camp for validation and a harmonised approach for 2009 for pregnant women developed. Raise awareness with 48 hygiene • Local NGO (Ami des Arbres) implementing garbage collection in committees; ensure 100% refugees Abéché under QIPs. understand/adopt hygienic practices • Guereda/Farchana camps sprayed in July; 100 litres of insecticide for healthy management of sanitary already distributed. Goz Amir and Djabal camps not included as infrastructure the emphasis there is on preventive actions to avoid resistance effects. Construct 120 latrines in public areas • 130,000 mosquito nets purchased under High Commissioner

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Sector Objectives Evaluation (schools, clinics, markets, and host project for children and pregnant women and will be distributed populations 5km from camps) shortly. • Sensitisation campaigns regularly conducted in all camps through hygiene committees. Roles and responsibilities of these committees are part of the sanitation survey being reviewed during the second part of the year. • 60 latrines constructed in public areas. Health/Nutrition CAR Refugees • Post centres in refugees sites equipped with necessary material, Reinforce monitoring and carrying drugs and staff to provide minimum package health care services out of various sanitary and nutritional to refugees and host population. activities in accordance with UNHCR • Integration of refugee health services into the local services was objectives and Sphere norms, as fully effective in Yaroungou. Since January 2008, the transfer of well as the Sanitary Information Amboko and Gondje health centres to Beureh health centre was System (SIS). blocked due to the reluctance of refugees who finally agreed to the transfer of hospitalisation and maternity services as of June 2008. Develop strategies for a long-lasting Remaining services would be transferred progressively but not integration of health services in sites completely within 2008. The main reason given by refugees is the at Yaroungou (Danamadji), Gondje & food ration reduction before they are self sufficient. Amboko (Gore) within the national • Mortality rates (U5MR and CMR) remained within the standard in health system; all sites. • The main cause of morbidity remains malaria (average 22 to 24%) Reduce mortality and morbidity followed by acute respiratory infections and diarrhoea. linked to malaria. • Average of 20 to 25 births per month, 85% of deliveries assisted in all sites except Dosseye (60.8%). • Vaccination of under-five year old children against measles and polio as well as vitamin A distribution was conducted in all sites and their surroundings. A shortfall of polio antigen in the first semester was solved in June. • Successful three-week mission by ophthalmologist team in Beureh and Dosseye health centres with 945 refugees and local persons consulted, 130 refugees cases interviewed, and six medical staff and eight community health workers trained in the follow up of refugees with eye problems. • Additional funds obtained from High Commissioner project for prevention and fighting against HIV/AIDS; sub-agreement was signed with COOPI to implement planned activities starting June 2008. • HIV prevention activities conducted with focus on training multi- sectoral committees and peer educators, reinforcement of universal precautions, management and response to medical and psychological cases of GBV, condoms distribution, MTCT and ensuring safe blood transfusion at Gore Hospital. • Anti malaria campaigns conducted in all sites with Mentor Initiative and UNICEF support with mosquito nets distribution and test kits for children under five and pregnant women. • Nutritional programme for prevention and management of acute malnutrition and micronutrients deficiencies is functional in all sites Sudanese Refugees • Each camp has a health centre with activity underway to construct One Health Centre for 15,000 semi-durable buildings. Two health centres (Mile and persons, and one Health post for 5 to Kounoungou) under construction; two more to be built in second 10,000 additional persons. half 2008 under High Commissioner for Refugees Special Project (HCSP). All camp health centres are • One health centre completed in Bandikao (Goz Beida) for local functioning (essential medicines, population under QIPs. equipment, personnel in accordance • 100% functioning health centres in camps with necessary to Sphere/UNHCR standards) with medicines. Laboratory material (HCSP funds) for health centres quality care, reception, and referral and X- ray equipment for Abéché Regional Hospital (HCSP funds) system. Training of refugee ordered and expected in Chad by end 2008. nurses/midwives (two per camp) and • In Bredjing, replacement of MSF-H undertaken but new partner host communities (12 persons) in (SC-UK) withdrew (May 2008) following security incident, Chadian health schools, If agreed temporary interim measures established pending identification of a with Ministry of Public Health, new partner. training of village midwives living • Training: Six trainings (110 participants including medical doctors, near camps (one to two per camp) nurses, midwives and nutritionists) conducted on various topics and host communities (12 persons) including PMTCT and universal precautions, syndromic approach in pilot project linked with Abéché on STI management, clinical management of GBV cases, IMCI, Health School. SMART methodology and expanded programme on immunisation

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Sector Objectives Evaluation (EPI). Health and community services staff trained in seven out of Health committees functioning in all 12 camps on management of mental health. camps and health services analysed • Only four camps have a psychiatrist (through IMC), additional funds and planned monthly with refugee are needed to cover this activity in the remaining camps. participation. 90%+ mental health • Only two hospitals (out of five) equipped with ambulances. Three patients are properly cared for and in additional ambulances (HCSP funds) ordered, one ambulance all camps, personnel trained in purchased for Adré hospital under UNHCR QIPs. mental health care • New health information system (HIS) fully operational in 8 out of 12 camps (except the four camps run by MSF) although support and Epidemiological follow up and report. supervision is required. Plan and contingency stock updated • Contingency plan and stock of drugs for outbreaks updated and for epidemics, influx and evacuation. can respond to any outbreak. • 82.3 % children (0 to 11 months of age) completely vaccinated and Three District Hospitals supported average 85.6 % for measles vaccination in 8 out of 12 camps. (according to Ministry norms) • Six refugee youths and two Chadians attending Abéché nursing through personnel, medicines and school (HCSP Funds). equipment. Sufficient stock of • Health committees (created 2007) not fully operational in the UNHCR medicines in Abéché. camps, but discussions initiated with implementing partners to re- activate process, and positive results should be reported in the Maintain vaccination coverage second half of the year. reached in 2008. • 94% women attending ANC are vaccinated against Tetanus. • 70% deliveries assisted by qualified health staff. 85% births occur in health centres • 18% of staff in health sector are female in eight camps out of 12. with qualified medical staff/trained • All camps have operational reproductive health facilities but only matrons. All camps have easily 40% are open at all times. accessible reproductive health • 80% of HIV/AIDS preventive activities being implemented as per services. the inter-agency matrix of activities • VCT and PMCT programme begun and sub-agreement under CAP survey undertaken in all camps signature with COOPI. Implementation to start in July 2008. and 80%+ preventive HIV/AIDS • A CAP survey will be done with UNAIDS during the second part of activities (as foreseen under inter- the year. agency 2007-2008 strategy) • All camps have operational HIV/AIDS coordinators with agreed undertaken in camps, including host ToRs. populations. 10% increased • Guereda, Goz Beida and Adré District hospitals fully assisted by acceptance of condoms. In 90% of INGOS. Bahai district hospital can only perform minor surgery. camps, IST is correctly handled with After MSF-L withdrawal in Iriba, UNHCR supported the health 25% increased reporting on cases in district to ensure continuity of medical care, with referrals to all camps and a strengthening of Guereda hospital. capacities by using HIV coordinators • 23 Health staff in camps have been trained on the clinical in accordance with UNHCR ToRs. management of GBV cases. • Production of IEC material for health, nutrition and HIV/AIDS All camps have enough IEC material programme initiated (HCSP). which conforms to cultural sensitivity • 100% of reported rape cases referred to camp health centres have and local language. received medical treatment. • Sensitisation on FGM consequences ongoing in all camps with Health measures are taken in UNFPA. Survey conducted end 2007/beginning 2008, with report accordance with 2007 GBV SOPs. in June 2008, and programme (based on recommendations) now being discussed with UNFPA. 100% rape cases received correct medical treatment

80% refugees sensitised about harmful effects of female genital mutilation (FGM) activities (occurring in 80% of camps) Urban Refugees • The assistance policy for urban refugees was rigorously applied Extremely vulnerable urban refugees since January 2008. Medical assistance is covered for a period of are provided with emergency one year for all new arriving refugees while those living in Chad medical assistance since 12 months or beyond are assisted on a case by case basis. Out of 30 requests for assistance received by the community services unit, 15 cases were assisted. One of them was a new arrival in N’Djamena. Shelter/Infrastructure CAR Refugees • One transit site established at Dembo (25 km from border) for new All refugees live in adequate arriving CAR refugees. accommodation preserving their • Communal hangars erected at Dembo transit site. dignity and privacy. • Tents erected to accommodate some 7,000 new refugees at Moula newly established site.

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Sector Objectives Evaluation Refugees have access to • The construction of one hospitalisation at Beureh health centre was infrastructures and basic community completed. The centre was equipped with 20 beds and services and they actively participate mattresses. in the construction and rehabilitation • A CNAR office constructed in Gondje. work. • Construction of three additional community storage facilities is underway. • Camp infrastructures maintained on a regular basis. • Distribution centres of Amboko and Dosseye were rehabilitated. • One hangar (145m2) for medical screening, one hangar (18m2) for the police and one distribution centre built. Sudanese Refugees • In camps in north and east of region (Bahai, Guereda, Iriba and All refugees in camps have decent Farchana) most refugees have built their own shelters using a living conditions, conforming to combination of local materials (mud bricks, wood and straw) and minimum standards, and allow them materials provided by UNHCR (121 rolls of plastic sheeting). to rebuild their family lives in safety • In camps in the southern part of the region, refugees have used and with privacy. straw only; it is the most available local material and does not require water. • The construction of borehole/pastoral wells in October will facilitate the implementation of a strategy of semi-permanent construction. • 3,619 tents distributed to refugees with specific needs and to victims of fire incidents. Maintenance will be conducted after the rainy season. • Information/sensitisation campaigns re fire hazards conducted in all camps. Community Services CAR Refugees • Persons with special needs were identified and the list updated. In The refugee community in general total, there were 1,250 PBS registered in the data base using and vulnerable persons in particular proGres in Gore sites. are empowered to solve their • 60 people with physical disabilities were provided with tricycles. problems • Mass sensitisation on peaceful coexistence were organised and 2,000 refugees participated. • GBV sensitisation campaigns in the camps continue. 13 cases of GBV were reported and received medical and social assistance. Legal and psychological assistance needs to be strengthened in line with the SOPs. • The International Women’s Day and World Refugee Day celebrated in all established refugees’ sites with a strong participation of women and youths. Sudanese Refugees • Refugees, men and women, continue to actively participate in Involve refugees in running the running camps, activities and assistance programmes and camps, activities and assistance maintaining a community which is respectful of the rights of specific programmes. Promote peace groups and promotes freedom to develop within a community. educational programmes for • Ongoing activities to promote peaceful co-existence within refugee peaceful co-existence. communities and between them and host communities. • GBV prevention programmes and the support of survivors are Prevent GBV. reinforced with the SOP framework in coordination with relevant partners and female/male groups. Identify and assist refugees with • Refugees with specific needs are taken care of within the specific needs. community through a support programme based on a psychosocial and socio-economic plan. Urban Refugees • One staff hired from Association Française des Volontaires du Extremely vulnerable urban refugees Progrès (AFVP) assessed vulnerable refugees on a case by case are assisted with a particular focus basis and provided necessary counselling and support. on women and children. • Drawing competition for refugee children was organised in the context of World Refugee Day Education CAR Refugees Access to Primary education Ensure access to school for all • Amboko: 1,427 refugee children with 568 girls (39.8%) and 857 school age children and increase boys (60.0%) enrolled with 30 functional classrooms, 31 teachers girls attendance (six women/25 men) and a teacher/pupil ratio of 1:46. • Gondje: 1122 refugee children with 458 girls (40.0%) and 674 boys Adolescent boys and girls have (60.0%) with 30 functional classrooms, 31 teachers (two women/29 access to vocational and men) and a teacher/pupil ratio of 1:36. professional training • Dosseye: 961refugee children with 477 girls (49.6%) and 484 boys Adult refugees have access to (50.3%) enrolled with 30 functional classrooms, 31 teachers (six literacy and numeracy classes women/25 men) and a teacher/pupil ratio of 1:31.

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Sector Objectives Evaluation Access to secondary education: • 536 students enrolled in Gore secondary school, and 29 students in Timberi. 137 students in total are expected to be enrolled in the secondary schools for the next school year. • The gross enrolment rate: Amboko: 40.6%, Gondje: 30.7%, Dosseye: 44.6%.

Vocational training: The site for building a vocational /professional training centre under BMZ/GTZ contribution identified between Gondje and Amboko. Contracts being signed by GTZ and local services suppliers for the construction of semi permanent structures. Sudanese Refugees • All school-age refugees have free access to primary education Establish primary education programmes, following which secondary school or vocational programmes for all refugee children training exists in some areas. However, there are insufficient of school age teachers or funds. The diploma’s equivalency is not yet recognised. Establish literacy programmes for all • Average attendance rate: over 80% for boys and 60% for girls. refugees above school age Initial registration rate for girls was remarkably high, up in some camps by 20%. Attendancy rate for girls is high in the first 3 years of primary school but drops in the last three years. • Insufficient number of classrooms and the existing ones are below standard. Under an additional funding project, five classrooms were built and 32 classrooms renovated in Mile camp, and five built in Kounoungou camp. Average ratio for all 12 camps is 67 students per classroom. • For 2007/2008 academic year, ten students per camp participated in a secondary education distance learning programme (SEDL) organised by RET. • Two more secondary education programmes (2008/2009 academic year) are under preparation. • Students participating in the SEDL programme received the necessary materials. • Vocational skills training centres are operational in Farchana and Djabal camps. Limited vocational skills training programmes are being run by community services partners in ten of the 12 camps. • Available training programmes respond to approximately 20% of expressed needs. • Women and adolescent girls participate at a largely, disproportionate number in the literacy programmes. The existing literacy programmes only cover 30% of the expressed needs. Urban Refugees • The needs are being assessed for the next school year which will Children from extremely vulnerable begin in September 2008. families are assisted for basic • 50 urban refugees completed one year training in vocational primary education training with UNHCR assistance.

Self reliance of vulnerable urban refugees is promoted through support to vocational training Crop Production CAR Refugees • 5339 ha additional land obtained from local authorities and Refugees’ production level improves distributed to farmers. Land available for cultivation per household: and their dependence on WFP 1.3ha at Amboko, 1.5ha at Gondje, 1ha at Dosseye and 1.5 ha. in rations declines Danamadji. • Farmers assisted with a variety of seeds, agricultural tools and equipment including one cart and oxen to conduct agricultural activities in four sites: 1,571 households at Amboko, 1,851 at Gondje 850 at Dosseye and 2,642 families at Yaroungou. 120 metric tonnes of seeds purchased and distributed to farmers. • 4,970 hoes, 2,624 oxen, 16.4 MT of seeds were purchased and distributed. • Over 500 refugees and local population benefited from training on agricultural techniques. • The team of technicians and extension workers was reinforced. The ratio is one skilled staff for 1,500 refugee farmers. Sudanese Refugees • 8,862 families are cultivating 6,242.3 hectares for crop production, Authorities respond favourably to and 4.9 hectares for gardening. humanitarian advocacy for land to be • 2,600 members of the local population have given refugees used by 35% of refugee households permission to cultivate 1,126.6 hectares.

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Sector Objectives Evaluation to produce their own food • 138.2 MT of seeds purchased and distributed: 133.1 MT to refugees and 5.1 MT to local population. 7,608 agricultural tools 100% of land negotiated with distributed to both refugee and local population farmers. authorities and host communities was given to refugees to cultivate, with the necessary means and techniques to improve their yield. Livestock CAR Refugees • Systematic vaccination and treatment of all animals in sites is Refugees maintain a healthy underway; coverage to date is 40.85%, with a second phase of domestic animal stock and benefit vaccination planned for the second semester. from the production and sale of milk • 30,000 doses of vaccines purchased and distributed. • 973kg of supplementary food provided for draft animals supplied to support the agricultural sector. Sudanese Refugees • 4,898 animals received veterinary treatment out of a total of Health coverage and distribution of 213,928 living in/around refugee camps. supplementary feed to small • No supplementary feeding to date. livestock is 100% ensured. • Vaccination campaign for animals has not yet started due to Vaccination campaigns are insufficient funds. undertaken for all livestock living • Appropriate infrastructure existing in nine of the refugee camps. in/around the camps. • Nine refugee camps have appropriate slaughter areas.

Each camp has at least one operational abattoir to improve sanitary conditions. All camps have appropriate infrastructure for livestock management. Environment CAR Refugees • • Three tree nurseries have been established Environmental degradation in the • 25% households are using fuel efficient stoves. Women’s refugee settlement sites and committees in charge of the dissemination of the construction of surrounding areas is fuel efficient stoves were trained. curbed/mitigated • Various environment protection committees are already in place. 150 member committees were trained in environmental protection. Conflicts between farmers in land management issues are reduced and controlled Sudanese Refugees • 5,681.5 Tonnes firewood distributed to refugees in nine targeted 4.5 - 6 kg wood/month is distributed camps, i.e. an average of five kg/ person/month for those receiving to refugees in camps who only have fuel-efficient Save80 stoves and 0.8 kg / pers / month / for the dead wood as their energy source. others. • The refugees in Oure Cassoni camp received an average of 2.2 kg 15,000 new Save80 stoves are of firewood during May and June. All have continued to receive purchased and distributed to refugee three litres of kerosene/person/month as the Save80s have not yet households who have not yet been introduced. A total of 23,652.51 litres distributed. received one. • 10,085 Save80 distributed to refugees in seven camps. • 340,000 seedlings (forestry and fruit species) produced in nurseries Four camps already using solar set up in/around refugee camps with an average germination rate cookers, Mile and Kounoungou are of 53.6% in all of the camps. using solar cookers. • 10,320 solar cookers manufactured and distributed to refugees in two camps. A third workshop for the manufacture of solar cookers is under construction in Oure Cassoni. • At least 80% of fuel efficient mud stoves are being utilised in the camps. Income Generation CAR Refugees • Since January 2008, the implementing partner was changed. Refugee self-sufficiency is increased Activities are being implemented by Care International. It focused with greater attention to poor youth on laying the foundation for the sector, by putting in place a policy and vulnerable refugees of the assistance related to Income generation. • Refugees were consulted and participated in establishing the criteria and the selection committee. • Over 1,000 requests for assistance (Total amount requested is 66,000,000 XAF) were selected for assistance to be delivered in July 2008. So far selected beneficiaries are 123 groups/associations and 400 individuals with activities related to handicraft, small businesses, soap making, embroidery, oil and food processing etc.

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Sector Objectives Evaluation Sudanese Refugees 1,800 micro projects • Micro credit programmes in Djabal, Touloum and Iridimi camps are (individual/cooperative) selected by supported by training provided to the women beneficiaries. mixed committee (partners, UNHCR • A rice husking machine for the local women association in Koukou and refugees) are financed and purchased under QIPs. supported in all 12 camps. • 20% of refugees who participated in training programmes in the Basic management training is above mentioned camps have received loans. organised for all beneficiaries at the • Income-generating activity training conducted in the local women’s beginning of the cycle and technical association, Guereda. kit is allocated to them at the end. Income-generating activity SOPs are • IGA expert recruited and arriving October 2008. updated and followed. Agency Operational Support CAR Refugees • Eight implementing partners (seven international NGOs and one Refugees continue to benefit from Government organisation received necessary logistic, well managed operations that are administrative and technical support to provide protection and efficiently monitored and coordinated assistance to refugees in five sites. by UNHCR and operational partners. • Communication equipment has been ordered. • 2007 project audit not yet started, the liquidation period was extended to end June 2008. Due to lack of good auditing firms in Chad, the office seeks regional or HQ support. • Five United Nations Volunteers (UNVs) and one Junior Professional Officers (JPOs) were hired to support the operation. • Coordination ensured at field and N’Djamena level through regular meetings with partners and operational partners. • Chadian and international journalists briefed on the situation of new arriving refugees from CAR in southern Chad. • International and Chadian journalists visited refugee sites and information was published in written press, radio and TV. • Information campaigns organised on refugee protection and assistance issues. • Donors briefed on the situation, particularly UN humanitarian agencies, BPRM, ECHO, ACT (Action for Churches Together) visited refugee sites in the south. Sudanese Refugees • Implementing partners received adequate support. However, the Supplying administrative and security situation has had negative effects on the implementation logistical support (competent rate of activities. personnel, vehicles, computers, • Implementing partners received necessary support in the limit of telecommunications equipment, available resources. generators, etc.) required when • Two trainings on UNHCR project management have been implementing partners/government conducted for the benefit of implementing partners. are establishing a project

Organise planning/training workshops on principles of programme management

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ANNEX II. FOCUS ON ASSISTANCE TO SUDANESE AND CAR REFUGEES IN EASTERN AND SOUTHERN CHAD: NEEDS ANALYSIS, OBJECTIVES, PROPOSED ACTIVITIES, AND MONITORING

In accordance with its mandate, UNHCR is the key agency for the assistance and protection to the refugees. Other agencies and NGOs also contribute effectively to the programme under UNHCR programme coordination. Some of the assistance provided under the refugee programme also benefit host populations in various places in the east and south.

Sudanese refugees and host population in eastern Chad Female Male Total Registered refugees 139,850 107,022 246,872 Host population 700,000 Total 946,872

Location of CAR refugees CAR Refugees in southern Chad Beneficiaries (present at food distribution July 08) Moula 5,287 Dosseye 8,332 Amboko 12,040 Gondje 12,709 Yaroungou 13,496 Total 51,864 * as at 30 September 2008. Please note however that the planning figure for 2009 is 265,000 for Sudanese refugees and 56,000 for CAR refugees

Sudanese refugees Central African refugees Transport & Logistics • A landlocked country covering vast • The fleet comprises 38 light vehicles, 13 distances over rough dirt track roads (often trucks including 2 tankers, and 12 impassable during the rainy season) motorbikes; 40% of these vehicles are not necessitates robust vehicles and in-country functioning despite regular maintenance by humanitarian air travel. GTZ. A premature depreciation of this fleet, • One service station in Abéché, 2 due to very poor road conditions, has maintenance teams in Iriba and Goz Beida increased maintenance/operational costs and one mobile team in Iriba are insufficient and fuel consumption. to maintain a fleet of aging vehicles (20-30 • 60% of the 28 generators are in very poor Needs years) of which only 55.9% function at any condition needing regular repairs or analysis time and 31.5% are immobilised in the replacing to avoid serious problems with garage. electricity supply. • Pre-fabricated warehouses installed in • Warehousing facilities and distribution are Abéché and at each camp are neither semi- assured but need durable nor enclosed (risks of theft/rapid reinforcement/improvement. wear and tear). • Access routes to sites and roads within the sites need to be improved as they are impassable during the rainy season which hampers timely delivery of protection and assistance. • Ensure suitable timely means of transport to • Ensure suitable timely means of transport to carry humanitarians, refugees and goods carry humanitarians, refugees and goods safely and with dignity. safely and with dignity. • Ensure camp population receives • Ensure site population receives assistance Objectives assistance in a timely fashion. in a timely fashion. • Ensure rolling stock and generators are • Ensure rolling stock and generators are properly maintained and functioning. properly maintained and functioning. • Ensure NFIs are properly received, safely • Ensure NFIs are properly received, safely stored and distributed without delays. stored and distributed without delays. • Transportation of goods and humanitarians. • Replace 5 trucks, 6 motorbikes and 4 • Purchase 13 five-tonne trucks, 20 light generators; ensure the fleet is well vehicles and 1,920,000 litres of fuel (60,000 maintained and purchase sufficient fuel. litres per month) • Repair/improve access roads and internal Proposed • Purchase spare parts for vehicles and roads after the rainy season. activities generators and ensure appropriate • Ensure that warehouses are regularly maintenance maintained. • Construct, maintain and improve security • Ensure that NFIs, humanitarians and fencing around warehouses refugees are safely transported • Repair access roads to camps.

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Sudanese refugees Central African refugees • Refugees receive adequate and timely • Refugees receive adequate and timely assistance assistance • 85% of transportation needs are satisfied. • 80% of transportation needs are satisfied. • Maintenance and repair work keep rolling • Maintenance and repair work keep rolling stock and generators functioning at 90% stock and generators functioning at 90% Indicators & • • monitoring Improved safeguarding of NFIs reduces loss Improved safeguarding of NFIs reduces loss /damage to 1% /damage to 1% • An adequate level of food and NFIs is • An adequate level of food and NFIs is supplied to the camps at all times. supplied to the camps at all times. • 10,000 new arrivals and belongings can be transported without difficulties. • Inadequate or non-functioning transport can • Inadequate or non-functioning transport can delay the provision of protection and delay the provision of protection and Implications assistance, and could endanger the safety assistance, and could endanger the safety if activities of humanitarians. of humanitarians. are not • Unnecessary expenditure or delays in • implemented Unnecessary expenditure or delays in distributing NFIs due to poorly maintained distributing NFIs due to poorly maintained warehouses warehouses.

Domestic Needs/Household Support • NFI stock maintained (except for Goz Beida • The provision of NFIs to CAR refugees is when warehouses were destroyed during below standard. armed conflict) and new arrivals received • No delivery of soap has taken place during Needs NFI assistance when necessary. 2008 (none on the local market and the cost analysis • Contingency stock required due to has risen considerable) and this has prevailing insecurity in the Sudan. resulted in a high increase in diarrhea cases • Refugees have no means to replaced used and other illnesses linked to poor hygiene. NFIs and request new items • Reduce refugees’ vulnerability and improve • Reduce refugees’ vulnerability and improve their standard of living, especially persons their standard of living, especially persons Objectives with specific needs, through the distribution with specific needs, through the distribution of domestic items, including hygiene of domestic items, including hygiene equipment. equipment. • Targeted distribution to persons with • Targeted distribution to persons with specific needs (blankets, jerry cans, specific needs (blankets, jerry cans, buckets, mats): 18,000 families i.e. 1/3 of buckets, mats): 10,000 families i.e. 1/3 of Proposed the population. the population. activities • Distribution of sanitary kits twice a year to • Distribution of sanitary kits twice a year to women and young girls. women and young girls. • Provide 10,000 new arrivals with NFIs. • Provide 3,000 new arrivals with NFIs. • 100% of refugees with specific needs • 100% refugees with specific needs receive receive NFIs NFIs Indicators & • 100% of women and young girls receive • 100% women and young girls receive monitoring sanitary kits twice a year. sanitary kits twice a year. • 100% of new arrivals receive NFIs • 100% new arrivals receive NFI assistance assistance from the contingency stock. from the contingency stock. • The health of persons with specific needs is • The health of persons with specific needs is negatively impacted through non-distribution negatively impacted through non-distribution of NFIs. of NFIs. Implications • Women and young girls are negatively • Women and young girls are negatively if activities affected through non-distribution of sanitary affected through non-distribution of sanitary are not kits (e.g. suspension of education or cultural kits (e.g. suspension of education or cultural implemented activities). activities). • New arrivals do not receive assistance • New arrivals do not receive assistance necessary to help them begin a new life. necessary to help them begin a new life.

Water Supply • Water supply in some camps is worrying • The hydraulic infrastructure in Amboko, (drop in the water table, reduction in well Gondje and Dosseye is capable of productivity, low replenishment of lake). supplying water to refugees in accordance • 2007 Oxfam study on camp water supply with accepted standards (and is superior to system is the basis for 2008-2010 the water supply for the local population). Needs objectives. • Committees have been established to analysis • Tension between refugee and host manage water points and maintain the populations due to unequal water supply. hydraulic infrastructure but they are not • WatSan installations and management functioning in all sites. (bilateral and national coordination) need to Three boreholes in Amboko and Gondje are be standardised and improved. producing rusty-coloured water. • Contingency plans are weak.

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Sudanese refugees Central African refugees • Reinforce dialogue with the authorities • The hydraulic infrastructure will be (local, regional, national) to improve a reinforced and maintained to ensure that sustainable exploitation of water resources refugees receive water to acceptable and improve supply to refugees and host standards (15-20 litres of water per person communities. per day). • Catalogue all camp installations and technical teams and water sources in close collaboration with authorities and operational partners. • Construct/repair sustainable water sources Objectives using appropriate techniques and establish responsible management of hydraulic resources by refugees, host communities and partners. • Diversify the supply of drinking and non- drinking water and integrate agricultural watering places into the water strategy • Update contingency plans for efficient water management by local teams to meet the needs of newly arrived refugees, and simplify the supply chain. • Continue the 2008 inventory. • Construct 10 new boreholes in Moula. • Undertake water projects (drinking and non- • Maintain the hydraulic infrastructure on all drinking) in all camps using appropriate sites. sustainable means (e.g. dykes, dams). • Re-establish refugee management Proposed committees and involve them in new activities projects. • Support operational partners’ national teams. • Involve the Ministry of Environment and Water in every project. • Average quantity of water available per • Average quantity of water available per person per day (litres) ≥ 20 person per day (litres) ≥ 20 • Monthly quantity of water (m3). • Number of persons per functioning • Number of water points for refugee and host well/hand pump <200 communities (wells, boreholes, surface • Number of physicochemical and water). bacteriological analysis carried out per Indicators & • Running energy costs month. monitoring • Total monthly population provided with water • Number of persons per functioning water point < 80 • Number of persons per functioning well/hand pump <200 • Population using wells/hand pumps • Increase in water borne diseases • Increase in water borne diseases Implications if • Increase in GBV incidents linked to water • Increase in GBV incidents linked to water activities are collection collection not • • implemented Tension between refugees and host Tension between refugees and host communities continues or increases. communities continues or increases.

Sanitation • 5,000 extra latrines are needed to reach a • 6,000 new CAR refugees are in need of an standard of 20 persons per latrine. adequate WatSan infrastructure. • Refugee participation in building family • WatSan activities on all existing refugee Needs latrines resulted in a ratio of 26 persons per sites should be maintained, with particular analysis latrine. emphasis on replacing full latrines, • Age, Gender and Diversity Mainstreaming spraying, building washing areas and (AGDM) and JAM evaluations recommend rubbish pits, as well as mobilising the UNHCR standards are respected. community to keep the sites clean. • Provide refugees with a healthy • Provide refugees with a healthy environment with reduced risk of diseases environment with reduced risk of diseases or epidemics. or epidemics in accordance with Objectives • Increase the number of family and public international standards. latrines (e.g. at schools) to reduce the ration of persons per latrine. • Repair/build 5,000 community latrines. • Construct and maintain 2,000 family latrines Proposed • Repair 50% of rubbish pits (2m x 5m x 2m). in Gore and Moula. activities • Overhaul 60 dry wells. • Renovate 14 rubbish pits in Amboko, 14 in Gondje and 30 in Dosseye.

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Sudanese refugees Central African refugees • Clean up 72 washing areas and dredge 12 kms of rainwater channels. • Spray some camps: 3,000 litres of deltametrine, 36 protective outfits, 36 spray pumps. • Distribute 41,000 impregnated mosquito nets to children under five and 10,000 to pregnant women. • Educate 48 hygiene committees • Build 120 public latrines (schools, health centres, markets) for host populations with 5kms of a camp. • 100% families with latrines • 80% families with family latrines • Number of latrines used by families • Number of latrines used by families • Number of households/families • Number of persons per communal latrine ≤ Indicators & • Number of persons per communal latrine ≤ 20 monitoring 20 • Number of useable communal latrines • Number of useable communal latrines • Number of persons per communal rubbish • Number of persons per communal rubbish pits ≤ 500 pits ≤ 500 • Increase in number of GBV cases linked to • Increase in number of GBV cases linked to Implications poor access to sanitary installations. poor access to sanitary installations. if activities • Increased risk of malaria and other vector • Increased risk of malaria and other vector are not borne diseases (per 100,000 persons). borne diseases (per 100,000 persons). implemented • Increase in illness due to poor • Increase in illness due to poor hygiene/sanitation. hygiene/sanitation

Nutrition • Acute global malnutrition for children • Community-based nutrition centres are not between 6 months and 5 years is <10% (Z- operational in Amboko or Gondje; there is a score) according to June-September 2008 high abandonment rate from the TFC in survey. Dosseye; and there is poor follow up on • Participatory analysis of underlying causes child development and mother-child care. A for malnutrition indicates insufficient survey on nutritional and micro-nutrients breastfeeding and proper feeding of deficiencies needs to be undertaken. children. • Minimum Activities Package in sites is • Several cases of iodine deficiency (goitres) incomplete, especially in Dosseye have been reported; no survey/study on this • District hospitals are not able to offer deficiency has yet been undertaken. services such as preventing HIV transmission from mother to child, antiretroviral drugs, opportunistic infections, voluntary screening. HIV activities are not Needs multi-sectorial and there is an absence of analysis assistance in the sites, including assistance/associations for HIV positive refugees. • Beureh Health Clinic needs to be improved to handle 28,000 persons. • Lack of funding and involvement by the humanitarian community in southern Chad has hindered activities foreseen under the 2007-2008 inter-agency plan of action. Only community-based prevention activities and health centres are functioning, and there is a general lack of material and communication equipment as well as a lack of capacity in implementing activities. • Reduce malnutrition rate and incidents of • Quality health care is available for all micro-nutrients deficiency to normal refugees, particularly persons with specific standards. needs. Objectives • Malnutrition, mortality and morbidity rates are maintained or reduced to universally acceptable levels. • Undertake 2 socio-economic household • Provide vaccinations, vitamin supplements, surveys each year in all camps (before/after screening of children under 1 year, and the rainy season). tetanus vaccinations for pregnant women Proposed • Undertake 1 joint assessment mission (JAM). • Encourage women to attend pre-natal and activities • Provide supplementary food to persons with post natal consultations and raise specific needs awareness about giving birth in health • Ensure follow-up of malnutrition at the centres with qualified assistance. community level in all camps; renovate 5 • Establish health and nutritional services and

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Sudanese refugees Central African refugees pediatric wards in district hospitals and offer HIV/AIDs prevention activities in support teams handling acute severe Moula. malnourished person with medical • Activate the inter-agency strategy plan for complications. prevention of HIV/AIDS in all sites and • Train 4 local staff and 10 refugees in all 12 ensure that HIV positive refugees receive camps. assistance. • Raise awareness among 15% of • Ensure voluntary screening is available in breastfeeding women about advantages of all sites. exclusive breastfeeding. • Gross global malnutrition rate among • 100% of children under 1 year vaccinated, children (6-59 months) screened and received Vitamin A • Number of people receiving supplementary supplements food aid • 100% of pregnant women vaccinated for • Average available kilocalories per person tetanus per day ≥ 2,100 • >90% of women attended pre-natal/post • % of female members of food distribution natal consultations committees. • >90% of assisted births in health clinics • Date (month/year) of last nutritional survey • Operational health and nutrition services, and HIV/AIDS activities in Moula • Number of HIV/AIDS prevention activities (as defined under inter-agency strategy) undertaken in all sites. • Voluntary screening available in all sites, • < 10,000 Number of persons per health clinic • Total population covered by health clinics Indicators & • Number of health clinics monitoring • Number of consultations per year per health clinic per person (1-4) • Number of consultations per health clinic • ≥ 50% of normal births attended by qualified personnel (apart from Traditional Birth Assistants) • Number of normal births • < 15% of new born babies with low birth rate (< 2500 gms) (weighed within 72 hrs) • Number of new born babies (< 2500 gms) (weighed within 72 hrs) • Number of new born babies weighed within 72 hrs • ≥ 90% Vaccination coverage against measles • ≥ 1 Number of condoms distributed per person per month • Global acute malnutrition rate among children • Increase in acute global malnutrition rate is < 5 % (Z- Score) among children 6-59 months (< 5 % Z- • Increase in ration of children borne under 2.5 k Score) • Increase in number of children born with low birth rate ((< 2500 gms). • Increase in prevalence of HIV Implications • Increase in mortality rate. if activities • are not Increase in diseases due to inadequate implemented vaccination coverage • Increase in diarrhea and respiratory illnesses (main reasons for consultations in health clinics). • Problems in preventing sexually transmitted diseases due to lack of prevention campaigns.

Health Health merged with nutrition (above) • Global mortality rate in the camps is at an acceptable level. • Need for improvement in sectors for HIVAIDS, reproductive health, enlarged Needs vaccination Programme, participatory analysis approach in analysing problems and planning health/nutrition activities and follow-up on psychiatric illnesses. • Programme against FGM is still in its infancy

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Sudanese refugees Central African refugees • Poor capacity of some partners and lack of qualified medical personnel. • Quality health care is available for all refugees, particularly persons with specific Objectives needs, and mortality/morbidity rates are maintained or reduced to universally acceptable levels. • Ensure monitoring and follow up of illnesses in all camps in accordance with recommended procedures. • Train nurses/midwives in camps (2-3 persons per camp) and host communities (12 persons) through Chadian health schools. • Train traditional birth assistants (1-2 per camp) and host communities (12 persons) through a pilot project linked with the Abéché health school. • Follow up on mental illnesses and training of personnel in all camps. • Support three district hospitals, in accordance with Ministry of Public Health Proposed standards, with human resources, medicine activities and equipment. • Maintain 2008 level of vaccination coverage. • Undertake CAP survey in all camps and ensure that >80% of HIVAIDS preventive programmes, outlined in the inter-agency strategic plan (2007-2008), are undertaken in all camps and include host communities. • Carry out public awareness campaigns to increase use/acceptance of condoms by 10%. • 100% rape cases receive medical follow up in a satisfactory manner. • 80% refugees are aware of the harmful effects of FGM practices (in >80% of camps) • Number of persons per health clinic < 10,000 • Total population covered by health clinics • Number of health clinics • Number of consultations per year per health clinic per person (1-4) • Number of consultations per health clinic • % of normal births attended by qualified personnel (apart from Traditional Birth Assistants) ≥ 50% Indicators & • monitoring Number of normal births • % of new born babies with low birth rate (< 2500 gms) (weighed within 72 hrs) < 15% • Number of new born babies (< 2500 gms) (weighed within 72 hrs) • Number of new born babies weighed within 72 hrs • Vaccination coverage against measles ≥ 90% • Number of condoms distributed per person per month ≥ 1 • Increase in mortality rate. • Increase in diseases due to inadequate vaccination coverage Implications • if activities Increase in diarrhea and respiratory illnesses (main reasons for consultations in are not implemented health clinics). • Problems in preventing sexually transmitted diseases due to lack of prevention campaigns.

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Sudanese refugees Central African refugees Shelter/Other Infrastructure • Around 30% of shelters and other • Heavy seasonal rainfall damages refugee infrastructures need to be repaired. shelters and persons with specific needs • Refugees are encouraged to build their are left without adequate shelter. shelters using local materials. • Main thoroughfares need to be maintained, with refugee participation, to remain useable. Needs • Due to a lack of office space in Gondje, analysis CNAR has problems meeting with refugees. • Communal granaries built in 2007 to store crop (1 in Amboko, 1 in Gondje) are no longer big enough and 3 new granaries need to be built (one per site). • Partners’ offices in Gondje and Dosseye are in poor condition and need renovating. • All camp-based refugees enjoy decent • All camp-based refugees enjoy decent adequate living conditions, in accordance adequate living conditions, in accordance with minimum standards, which allow them with minimum standards, which allow them to rebuild a family life and live in privacy and to rebuild a family life and live in privacy and Objectives security. security. • A basic community infrastructure exists for production, income generation and recreation. • Encourage 80% refugees to participate in • Assistance is given to 650 families to building their own shelters, in accordance construct their own shelters (with with minimum standards, using local participation from the rest of the materials. community). • Build shelters for persons with specific • Maintain a contingency stock of NFIs for needs. 3,000 newly arrived families. • Build hangars and raise metal fences around camp water points. Proposed • Construct 10 pharmaceutical/laboratory activities depots in the health clinics. • Build six maternity wards and 6 sports fields • Renovate 10 distribution centres and build 2 centres • Renovate market places with participatory assistance (identify market management centres run by management committees in each camp) • Renovate 12 classrooms. Indicators & • Reduction in number of fires in the camps • Reduction in number of fires in the camps monitoring • % of semi-durable shelters in the camps • % of semi-durable shelters in the camps • Refugees are exposed to illness due to poor • Refugees are exposed illness due to poor Implications if living conditions which disregard basic rules living conditions which disregard basic rules activities are of hygiene. of hygiene. not • Fires continue to damage camps • Fires continue to destroy in the camps implemented • Refugees remain dependant on the • Refugees remain dependant on the distribution of tents. distribution of tents.

Community Services • The participation of refugees in the • The participation of refugees in the management of camps, natural resources management of camps, natural resources and activities needs to be improved, and activities needs to be improved, particularly the representation and particularly the representation and participation of women and girls. participation of women and girls. • Youth and children in camps have • Youth and children in camps have insufficient distractions insufficient distractions Needs • GBV incidents (mainly domestic violence) • GBV incidents (mainly domestic violence) analysis are not being systematically reported. are not being systematically reported. • FGM is predominant in refugee camps. • FGM is predominant in refugee camps. • Benchmarks, identification methods and • Benchmarks, identification methods and follow up, in accordance with UNHCR follow up, in accordance with UNHCR standards, of persons with specific needs standards, of persons with specific needs are established and the coordination of are established and the coordination of activities needs to be reinforced. activities needs to be reinforced. • Increase participation of refugees in running • Ensure a fair provision of assistance by the camp, activities and assistance coordinating the identification of persons Objectives programmes, with specific needs and the distribution of • Promote peace education programmes assistance to them. aimed at harmonious cohabitation • Promote independence within the

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Sudanese refugees Central African refugees • Prevent and respond to GBV in the camps community by encouraging the active • Continue to identify and adequately assist participation of women, men, boys and girls persons with specific needs through in planning activities linked with self- community projects reliance. • Promote cultural and recreational activities through the organisation of events for children and adolescents such as sport and dance. • Undertake AGDM exercises in all camps in • Update proGres11 with details about collaboration with partners and ensure persons with specific needs (including new results are including in planning activities. unaccompanied minors or separated • Carry out SOP training workshops to children, GBV victims/survivors); identify identify and follow up on persons with risks and needs; undertake periodic visits specific needs. and targeted assistance. • Ensure refugees with specific needs receive • Distribute sanitary cloth to all women appropriate assistance. between 14 and 49 years, and support them • Advocate for women to participate in camp in soap making and preparing sanitary management and distribution of food/NFIs, towels. and ensure they receive adequate support • Undertake awareness campaigns for the and training. prevention of violence (GBV and other), • Awareness raising of the negative impact of rights of children and self-reliance. • Undertake annual AGDM evaluations in Proposed FGM • collaboration with partners covering all three activities Identify and encourage alternative income- generating activities for women normally main ethnic groups (Kaba, Arabes and engaged in FGM activities Peulhs). • Encourage sport/cultural activities by • Identify spontaneously organised groups partners for youth in camps and ensure that and associations, organise management youth associations receive assistance and training; encourage meetings (especially support (e.g. material and sports women and youth committees); encourage equipment) women to join committees, especially for distribution. • Encourage sport and recreational activities, e.g. motivate the sports committee, ensure sports fields are maintained, and promote regular events such as dances. • Identify potential candidates for resettlement. • % of GBV cases identified and reported • % of GBV cases identified and reported • % of GBV survivors who receive assistance • % of GBV survivors who receive assistance (material, psycho-social, medical) (material, psychosocial, medical) • % of persons with special needs • % of persons with special needs (handicapped, elderly, etc.) who receive (handicapped, elderly, etc.) who receive community assistance. community assistance. • % of refugees in each camp informed about • % of women receiving sanitary cloth. the negative impact of FGM practices. • % of refugees in each camp informed about Indicators & • % of unaccompanied minors/separated the negative impact of FGM practices. monitoring children • % of unaccompanied minors/separated • Number of refugee children recruited children • Number of AGDM undertaken and results • Number of AGDM undertaken and results incorporated into planning incorporated into planning • % of women involved in camp management • % of women involved in camp management and distribution of food/NFIs and distribution of food/NFIs • % of children involved in sport/cultural • % of children involved in sport/cultural activities activities Implications • Increase in number of GBV cases • Increase in number of GBV cases if activities • Increase in refugee children recruited • Increase in violence in the camps are not • Increase in violence in the camps • Increase of persons with specific needs implemented • Increase of persons with specific needs

Education • There are now 106,500 school-aged • There are now 21,895 school-age refugee refugee children who need and have the children from CAR who need and have the right to primary education. right to primary education Needs • Refugee adolescents (at risk of exploitation, • Refugee adolescents (at risk of exploitation, analysis recruitment, sexual abuse, forced marriage) recruitment, sexual abuse, forced marriage) need primary education, secondary need primary education, secondary education, literacy training, and/or education, literacy training, and/or vocational training. vocational training.

11 Refugee Database UNHCR

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Sudanese refugees Central African refugees • All children of primary school age have free • All children of primary school age have free access to basic quality education through access to basic quality education without the provision of safe school environments, discrimination through the provision of safe strengthening of teacher capacity and the school environments, strengthening of provision of school materials. teacher capacity and the provision of school • School management is strengthened materials. Objectives through activating PTAs and ensuring • Adolescents (12-18 years), especially girls, capacity-building of managers. have access to secondary and higher • Children with special needs have access to education. primary education. • Alternative opportunities exist for children and adolescents, who have not had access to formal education, to acquire vocational skills. • Construction, renovation and refurbishing of • Ensure primary education is available in all class rooms, provision of latrines and water sites. points and creation of recreational spaces. • Promote Parent/Teacher Associations • Recruitment and training of teachers (PTA). • Payment of indemnities for teachers • Build a secondary school between Amboko • Timely distribution of school material and Gondje. • Activation and strengthening of • Encourage higher education teaching Proposed Parent/Teacher Associations (PTA) • Start practical teaching in Beureh activities • Implementation of literacy courses and • Start domestic science teaching. training of facilitators. • Provision of vocational training, accelerated learning programme for adolescents, and secondary education. • Registration of children with special needs, and the provision for necessary support included in the education budget. • 80% school age children have free access • ≥ 60% Inscription rate for primary education to basic quality education • ≤ 10% Primary dropout rate • 80% teachers acquire necessary levels of • ≥ 50 Number of children per class qualification. • Functioning Parent/Teacher Associations • 80% children and teachers receive school (PTA). materials. • Indicators & Inscription rate for secondary education • 100% PTAs are functioning with competent monitoring increases by 1,000 or 67% administrators. • Number of scholarships for higher education. • ≥500 Number of new students following practical training • ≥300 Number of women studying domestic science • Increased protection risks for refugee • Increased protection risks for refugee Implications children and adolescents. children and adolescents. if activities • More youths unemployed are not • implemented Increase in violence in the sites due to youth idleness/boredom.

Crop Production • Many refugees have indicated a wish to • Many refugees have indicated a wish to cultivate but there are problems accessing cultivate but there are problems accessing arable land (tension with host communities), arable land (tension with host communities), and security conditions are not favourable and security conditions are not favourable Needs for cultivating land outside camps. for cultivating land outside camps. analysis • Only refugees in Gaga camp understand the role of draft animal power (traction) in agriculture as an efficient means to save labour and reduce drudgery, and they are achieving good results. • Identify favourable conditions for crop • Identify favourable conditions for crop production to supplement the refugee food production to supplement the refugee food basket. basket. Objectives • Crop production becomes an income- generating activity. • Agricultural groups are developed. • Encourage 35% of refugee households to • Distribution of seed and teams of draft use State allocated land for crop production. animals, including means of transport Proposed • Support refugee cultivation of allocated land (carts) activities with procedures and techniques which will • Construct three communal granaries in increase yield. Gore and purchase products to treat stored grain.

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Sudanese refugees Central African refugees • Negotiate with local authorities for the allocation of supplementary arable land at Gore, and identify, divide and allocate parcels of lands, teams of draft animals, and supplementary ingredients/seeds to crop growers at all sites. • Consolidate and strengthen the skills of all known crop growers through training and awareness raising exercises. • Support the diversification of crop growing in Gore (rice growing, market gardening and other crops such as potato or sesame). • Establish a infrastructure for crop growers and strengthen their management skills. • Number of refugees with access to farming • Number of refugees with access to farming land. land. • Number of refugees involved in crop • Number of refugees involved in crop production. production. Indicators & • Number of different varieties of crop monitoring cultivated • Quantity of food produced. • Number of hectares used for crop production. Implications • Refugees will remain dependant on food • Refugees will remain dependant on food if activities assistance and their self-sufficiency is assistance and their self-sufficiency is are not weakened. weakened. implemented • Less ability to adapt to their circumstances. • Less ability to adapt to their circumstances.

Livestock/Animal Husbandry • Extensive activities have taken place since • The condition of the livestock is extremely the refugees arrived to maintain the animal poor due to poor health services and mortality rate at a reasonably low level. inadequate feeding during the dry season • Health coverage (systematic parasite (especially May). Needs control and vaccination) has improved the • Poor technical skills/knowledge amongst analysis livestock and is controlling persistent herders about animal production and the diseases. conservation/transformation of diary • No known cases of bird flu in the region. products. • Difficulties in inspecting meat in site markets. • Maintain the present health conditions for • Maintain the present health conditions for livestock and encourage small husbandry livestock and encourage small husbandry management based on existing available management based on existing available Objectives natural resources. natural resources. • Develop small groups capable of transforming and conserving diary products • Distribute supplementary food to small • Monitor/support community purchases of livestock. vaccines using veterinary workers and • Undertake vaccination campaigns for all assistants. livestock living in/around camps. • Support the government in purchasing • Ensure that every camp has an operational subsidised vaccines and treatment in close Proposed abattoir which will help improve health collaboration with FAO. activities standards. • Support the running of vaccination campaigns using veterinary workers and assistants. • Strengthen herders in improving animal fodder (hay); maximising residual crop; and providing concentrated feed. • % vaccinated animals. • % vaccinated animals. Indicators & • Number of properly built abattoirs in the • Animal mortality rate in the sites. monitoring camps. • Number of herders trained in improving • Animal mortality rate in the camps. animal fodder. • Animal epidemic resulting in death • Animal epidemic resulting in death Implications • Reduction in incoming generating activities • Reduction in incoming generating activities if activities for refugees and host communities. for refugees and host communities. are not • • implemented Insufficient food stock for livestock could Increase in malnutrition rate. lead to illness and/or death.

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Sudanese refugees Central African refugees Forestry • Considerable pressure on natural resources • Considerable pressure on natural resources and degradation in the vegetation cover and and degradation in the vegetation cover and deforestation in/around the camps. deforestation in/around the camps due to • An exponential increase in household household energy consumption of dried Needs energy consumption (dried wood). wood which averages 5-7 kgs a day analysis • More attention needs to be allocated to the • More attention needs to be allocated to the use of improved stoves, including Save80s, use of improved stoves and using and using alternative energy sources. alternative energy sources. By end 2007, 25% of households used improved stoves. • Adequate attention is given to the re- • Adequate attention is given to the re- establishing the forest cover and protecting establishing the forest cover and protecting the ecosystem in and around camps. the ecosystem in/around camps. • Promote production activities and an appreciation of natural resources and their Objectives fragility. • Support inter-community dialogue between farmers and livestock herders to better manage their environment and eventual reduce tension between them. • Distribute 15,000 new Save80 stoves to • Promote reforestation around sites by households who have not yet received growing 20-25,000 trees for Yaroungou and them. 34-50,000 trees for Gore. • Encourage widespread use of solar cookers • Carry out awareness raising campaigns in camps about destructive results from collecting Proposed • Encourage ongoing production of improved wood. activities banco stoves • Encourage widespread use of improved • Grow 500,000 trees. cookers in sites. • Promote reforestation around camps and • Strengthen and support the forestry industry sites for collecting dead wood in close collaboration with the local • Develop research for alternative energy authorities, refugees and host communities. sources for domestic use. • Date (month/year) of Environment Plan of • Reduce destructive collection of wood by Action (creation/revision). ≤10% Indicators & • Number of hectares reforested. • Number of hectares reforested. monitoring • Number of Save80s distributed and/or other • Number of functioning improved cookers sources of efficient energy. used by households. • Increase in global consumption of dried • Increase in global consumption of dried wood by refugees wood by refugees Implications if • Increase in intercommunity tension and acts • Increase in intercommunity tension and acts activities are of violence (including GBV) due to of violence (including GBV) due to not exploitation of forestry resources. exploitation of forestry resources. implemented • Progressive deforestation and degradation • Progressive deforestation and degradation of the general ecosystem in/around camps. of the general ecosystem in/around camps.

Income Generation • Three partners (CORD, PU, and Secadev) • Micro-credit groups include a milling project are running micro-credit programmes in and clothes project. Farchana and Iriba. Other partners (CARE, • Rate of loan reimbursement is unavailable INTERSOS and IRC) are using their own but is estimated at being low in Amboko and Needs funds or complimentary funds for similar Gondje. analysis programmes. • In 2007, there was no line of credit for • The level of access to these programmes is persons with specific needs low in comparison to the number of demands received and needs identified. • Refugees, particularly women, benefit from • Promote equal access to opportunities for Objectives microprojects which helps improve economic income-generating activities. independency. • Assist in the selection of 1,800 • Allocate credit for undertaking an income- microprojects (individual or cooperative) for generating activity. all camps by a mixed committee (partners, • Raise awareness about reimbursing loans. UNHCR and refugees) which are then financed and supported Proposed • Organise basic management training activities courses for all refugees starting a microproject and allocating them a technical kit at the end. • Update the SOPs for IGA and follow up on their application.

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Sudanese refugees Central African refugees • Number of refugees with access to IGA • 600 persons or 50% of women from project. different ethnic groups benefiting from loans • Number of refugees engaged in crop to carry out income-generating activities. Indicators & production • ≥ 80% Rate of loan reimbursement for all monitoring categories of borrowers (individuals, groups, gender) • ≥ 150 Number of persons with specific needs receiving credit Implications • Increase or retention in number of refugees • Increase or retention in number of refugees if activities needing assistance. needing assistance. are not implemented

Legal Assistance/Protection • Ongoing registration of new arrivals, births, • Since early 2008, 6,000 new CAR refugees regularisation of individual protection cases. (mainly women and children) have arrived The issuance of ID cards and birth in southern Chad and have been installed in certificates are still pending final agreement a new site at Moula. There are already from the Government. 45,000 CAR refugees living in four other • Specific protection cases (including abuse, camps that over the last few years have exploitation, and GBV) are increasing and been receiving UNHCR protection and coordination, information exchange and assistance. Conditions in the CAR remain referral systems need to be reinforced. precarious and no voluntary repatriation is • The physical security, well being and foreseen in the new future. integrity of refugees is being threatened by • Ongoing registration of new arrivals, births, the violation of the civilian and humanitarian regularisation of individual protection cases. character of the camps, together with the The issuance of ID cards and birth recruitment of children by armed groups. certificates are still pending final agreement from the Government. • Linking Relief, Rehabilitation and Needs Development (LRRD) project in Yaroungou analysis area has been delayed. • Ongoing efforts to strengthen security and order in/around the sites, as well as the capacity of partners, local authorities, police and CNAR to ensure protection of refugees and border monitoring; MoU with the government to deploy gendarmes has not yet been established. Incidents of abuse, exploitation and violence (including GBV) are increasing. • Coordination mechanism, information sharing and the referral system need closer attention. • A resettlement programme for specific protection cases is being established with individual cases being identified and procedures put in place. • Ensure all refugees living inside/outside • All refugees enjoy physical protection, legal camps are registered and receive ID cards. status, and socio-economic rights; durable • Ensure follow up on protection cases and solutions are explored in response to their reinforce prevention mechanisms and situation and mechanisms are established response for GBV incidents through to prevent and respond, in close coordination, information exchange and collaboration with the relevant authorities, to efficient referral. individual cases including arbitrary • detention, physical attack, sexual violence Objectives Maintain the civilian and humanitarian characters of the camps and prevent the and child abuse. phenomena of child recruitment by armed • The capacity of local authorities, military groups. and partners, including CNAR, is • Capacity-building of partners and relevant strengthened to support the protection of actors. refugees and increase their comprehension and respect for international principals of protection through training and information sharing. • Screen and register new arrivals, ongoing • Undertake training workshops for registration of births/deaths, and updating of authorities, implementing partners and other proGres relevant actors on the rights and obligations Proposed • Assist (legal, medical, physiological) all of refugees, and international protection. activities GBV victims and reinforce the capacity of • Screen and register new arrivals, ongoing institutions, including judiciary, and the civil registration of births/deaths, and updating of society to fight abuse, exploitation and proGres. violence, including GBV. • Support the preservation of a civilian and

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Sudanese refugees Central African refugees • Establish protection networks for children’s humanitarian character in all sites. rights and reinforce the neighbourhood • Follow up on individual cases with the watch committees. Carry out public gendarmes and the courts. awareness campaigns. • Assist GBV victims/survivors. • Train personnel, refugees, local authorities • Keep refugees informed about conditions in (traditional, administration, military, etc.). their country of origin and of an eventual return. • Identify cases for resettlement and review/apply standard operational procedures. • % refugees registered and included in • % refugees registered and included in progress. progress. • % satisfied requests for civil documents • % satisfied requests for civil documents • % of changes to civil status, specific needs, • % of changes to civil status, specific needs, or other changes to refugee life, that are or other changes to refugee life, that are entered into progress. entered into proGres. • % refugees living outside camps identified • % known cases of abuse, exploitation or and counted (security permitting). violence (including GBV) receiving legal • No known cases of refoulement. assistance. • General verification of adult refugees • Training in legal procedures in connection carried in all camps to increase data with cases of abuse, exploitation or Indicators & reliability in progress in preparation of violence. monitoring issuing ID cards. • Capacity-building of institutions, including • % known cases of abuse, exploitation or legal and civil society, in relation with violence (including GBV) receiving legal abuse, exploitation or violence (including assistance. GBV). • Training in legal procedures in connection with cases of abuse, exploitation or violence. • Capacity-building of institutions, including legal and civil society, in relation with abuse, exploitation or violence (including GBV). • Number of operational neighbourhood watch committees. • Increase in protection cases where refugees • Increase in protection cases where have been victims of abuse, exploitation or refugees have been victims of abuse, Implications acts of violence (including GBV). exploitation or acts of violence (including if activities • Insecurity of humanitarian personnel GBV). are not • Violation of the civilian and humanitarian • Insecurity of humanitarian personnel implemented character of camps. • Violation of the civilian and humanitarian • Increased recruitment in camps. character of camps. • Increased recruitment in camps.

Agency Operational Support • Most partners have insufficient funds to • The operational capacity of partners is very establish their own refugee projects. limited and needs strengthening, and they • The various directives and instructions need logistical support to confront the issued by UNHCR HQs are often not considerable challenges of delivering followed by partners. protection and assistance to refugees in • Headquarters of international partners often Chad. have limited means for properly supporting • Refugees, host communities and donors are Needs their personnel in the field. not sufficiently informed about problems analysis faced by refugees or actions undertaken by UNHCR and its partners to confront these problems. • Inadequate comprehension about UNHCR procedures, operational and programme management, standards and indicators and other planning tools. • Necessary resources (manpower, material • Refugees benefit from well coordinated and and finance) are available to reinforce the humanitarian assistance delivered in a timely operational capacity of the Government and manner Objectives partners • Partners receive administrative and technical support from their respective headquarters. • Ensure partners have all necessary • Strengthen the operational capacity of administrative and logistical support implementing partners. Proposed (competent personnel, vehicles, computers, • Support public awareness raising activities activities telecommunications, generators, etc.) for concerning refugee problems. establishing a project. • Render administrative, logistical and • Organise planning sessions and training in technical support to implementing partners.

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Sudanese refugees Central African refugees programme management principles for partners. • Pay headquarters expenses of international partners to enable them to carry out activities; contact their respective field offices; and coordinate project follow-up. • Periodic reports, financial and narrative. • Number of trainings organised • Monitoring of field offices • Number of partners receiving assistance and • Annual audit reports support Indicators & • Number of public awareness raising activities monitoring concerning refugee problems. • Number and type of administrative, logistical and technical support given to implementing partners Implications if • Projects will not be established in time and/or • Projects will not be established in time and/or activities are will not be good quality (monitoring reports, will not be good quality (monitoring reports, not financial reports. financial reports implemented

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ANNEX III. FOCUS ON SUPPORT FOR HOST POPULATIONS

UNDP is the key agency in coordinating assistance to host populations in Chad

According to the second survey on household budget/consumption and informal sector conducted in 2003-2004 by the National Institute of Statistics, the regions of Biltine and Ouaddaï/Dar Sila which hosts most of the IDPs and refugees have a mixed situation with respect to income poverty. The proportion of the population with income of less than 144,570 CFA per year, and considered poor, was 55.2% Biltine, 34.4% in Ouaddai against a national average of 55.0 %. However all these regions are among the most destitute in terms of access to basic social services. In this vein, the gross rate of school enrolment is respectively 30.5% in Ouaddaï/Dar Sila and 46.1% in Biltine against a national average of 74.9%. Likewise, the prohibitively great distance between the population and the nearest health centre is cited as the first and compelling factor preventing the population from visiting health facilities at the rate of 44.2% in Ouaddaï/Dar Sila, 42.7% in Biltine against a national average of 18.1%.

The populations living in host communities in the direct vicinity of IDPs and refugees camps are also able to access the social infrastructures such as water points, schools and clinics that the humanitarian actors are providing. There are 12 refugee camps and 17 major IDP camps (more than 2000 people). Assuming that people living in host communities at less than 5 km from these camps have access to the social infrastructures provided for the IDPs and refugees and a population density of 25 habitants per square km, there could be about 25,000 people with improved access to social services because of the support provided to IDPs and refugees.

The above estimates indicate that the 700,000 Chadians living in host communities affected by the conflict would benefit far better from a massive return of IDPs followed and accompanied by the provision of social services in their areas of origin or in the areas of permanent settlement approved under the returnee programme. The return of IDPs would naturally depend on their perception of an improvement in the security situation. While the decision to return is voluntary, one can infer that (1) the completion of the deployment of the Détachement intégré de sécurité (DIS), (2) the redeployment of regional and local administration, and (3) the effective presence of judicial personnel are key elements in the improvement of the security situation and be will be major steps that could trigger the return.

The detailed costing of the rehabilitation and reconstruction of eastern Chad has not yet been done but a study on the impact of the humanitarian crises on the local population has just been completed with UNDP and UNCT funding. Activities and costs related to stabilisation, rehabilitation and reconstruction in eastern Chad would have to be based on this and other studies (i.e. the EU- sponsored study on the causes of the conflict in Dar Sila) recently completed. They will lead to strategies also based on the second-generation PRSP while reflecting the specific immediate socio- economic recovery needs. In the immediate period, support to host communities would need to be provided in the following areas: i) support state institutions at the regional and local levels in order to provide confidence and guidance to the population; ii) empower local communities to participate in the definition of socio-economic activities that will benefit them, including income-generating activities and to engage in their implementation; iii) assist in the resolution of conflicts at the community level; iv) implement or rehabilitate enabling and other socio-economic infrastructures (roads, clinics, schools, markets); v) assist national authorities in the coordination of the rehabilitation and recovery programmes.

In the meantime, the EU, Agence Francaise de Développement (AFD), and UN agencies have formulated programmes that respond to the most pressing needs in these areas.

There are a few ongoing local development programmes that other partners are still implementing in these regions despite the constraints imposed by the current level of insecurity in the region. They are not taken into account in this humanitarian appeal because their implementation is not closely linked to the projects proposed in this appeal.

89 CHAD

ANNEX IV. LISTS OF 2009 CAP PROJECTS

Appealing Requirements Project code Project title Priority agency ($) (click on code to open full project sheet) AGRICULTURE AND LIVELIHOODS Improving the capacity of IDP Populations and Local VERY CHD-09/A/20477/8498 Communities in Gozbeida to Achieve Sustainable CW 1,500,000 HIGH Livelihood Security Support to food security and livelihood rehabilitation for VERY CHD-09/A/20537/8058 IDPs and host population of Eastern Chad IRW 450,000 HIGH Supply of farming inputs (seeds, tools/equipments) to CHD-09/A/20538/8058 households for which food security is not reached in IRW 1,598,520 Haouich and Am Dam (DJOUF AL AHMAR region) CHD-09/A/20657/5660 Reforesting the urban and sub-urban areas of Abeche INTERSOS 196,987 MEDIUM Support to the coordination of agricultural emergency CHD-09/A/21027/123 HIGH activities FAO 675,000 Emergency supply of farming inputs to vulnerable VERY CHD-09/A/21029/123 households affected by conflict and floods in eastern and FAO 1,903,000 HIGH southern Chad Support to agricultural and pastoral production for households affected by the crisis in eastern Chad through VERY CHD-09/A/21030/123 improved access to land and water, and protection of FAO 1,576,300 HIGH gardening perimeters Promotion of income-generating activities, such as agricultural processing and livestock activities, to assist VERY CHD-09/A/21033/123 women who are displaced, resettling or members of the FAO 1,277,000 HIGH host community without access to natural resources in eastern and southern Chad Seed multiplication and supply of agricultural inputs in CHD-09/A/21044/123 support of displaced, resettling and host-community FAO 1,166,536 HIGH households in Ouaddai region and Northern Salamat Appui aux programmes des déplacés et retournés de la CHD-09/A/21871/8851 HIGH S/P de Kerfi FPT 274,026 Sub total for AGRICULTURE AND LIVELIHOODS 10,617,369 COORDINATION AND SUPPORT SERVICES Provision of light and flexible on-demand air transport CHD- capacity to support specific operational and security HIGH 09/CSS/20724/8308 ASF B 913,981 requirements of Aid Agencies in Eastern Chad CHD- Humanitarian Information Service in Eastern Chad MEDIUM 09/CSS/20835/8005 IN 115,000 CHD- Support to Humanitarian Coordination in Chad HIGH 09/CSS/20995/119 OCHA 4,996,912 CHD- Fleet augmentation and Logistics coordination HIGH 09/CSS/21085/561 WFP 4,000,000 CHD- Humanitarian Air Transport in Chad HIGH 09/CSS/21097/5639 ASI 1,524,306 CHD- WFP Humanitarian Air Services in Chad in Support of HIGH 09/CSS/21310/561 EMOP 10559.1 WFP 17,390,997 Sub total for COORDINATION AND SUPPORT SERVICES 28,941,196 EDUCATION Soutien au secteur de l’Education (formation professionnelle, formation technique et alphabétisation CHD-09/E/20530/8058 pour les populations retournées, déplacées internes et IRW 825,000 HIGH populations hôtes de la zone de Haouich et Am Dam [Région du Ouaddaï]) CHD-09/E/20532/8058 Appui au secteur de l’éducation dans la région d’Am Timan IRW 918,784 HIGH Formal and non-formal education for pre- and primary CARE CHD-09/E/21339/5645 school students and youth in Iridimi, Touloum and Am 600,000 HIGH Nabak refugee camps in Eastern Chad International Improved access to quality education for pre-, primary and secondary school students in Gaga, Bredjing and Treguine CHD-09/E/21963/7498 HIGH refugee camps and 21 surrounding host communities in CORD 520,000 Eastern Chad Access to improved quality education for pre- and primary CHD-09/E/21966/124 school children in 12 refugee camps and surrounding host UNICEF 5,992,000 HIGH communities in Eastern Chad Access to improved quality education for pre- and primary CHD-09/E/21968/124 school children in IDP sites and host communities in UNICEF 3,990,000 HIGH Eastern Chad Alphabetisation initiatives in IDP sites and host CHD-09/E/21970/6217 communities around Goz Beida, Koukou-Angarana and JRS 187,500 HIGH Kerfi Quality Education for Central African refugees and CHD-09/E/21971/124 HIGH surrounding host communities in Southern Chad UNICEF 1,077,000 Appui financier aux maîtres communautaires des écoles CHD-09/E/22053/124 des sites de déplacés et populations hôtes de Goz Beida, UNICEF 199,598 HIGH Koukou-Angarana et Kerfi Protecting young people in and around refugee camps in CHD-09/E/22133/6749 Eastern Chad by providing post-primary education for a RET 830,000 HIGH more peaceful present and a prosperous future Sub total for EDUCATION 15,139,882 FOOD AID CHD-09/A/22048/5645 Food security assistance to affected populations CARE 500,000 HIGH

90 CHAD

Appealing Requirements Project code Project title Priority agency ($) (Assoungha) International Assistance to Sudanese Refugees, Internally Displaced, VERY CHD-09/F/22255/561 IDP Host Communities and Refugee-Affected Local WFP 171,991,345 HIGH Populations in Eastern Chad CHD-09/F/22257/561 Assistance to Central African Refugees in Southern Chad WFP 13,903,752 Nutritional monitoring towards reducing morbidity and CHD-09/H/20479/122 HIGH mortality WHO 168,650 Sub total for FOOD AID 186,563,747 HEALTH Maintaining existing presence in the east and filling the CHD-09/H/20481/122 gaps of health cluster functions in N'Djamena and South WHO 760,342 HIGH Chad Reinforcing disease surveillance and emergency health VERY CHD-09/H/20485/122 response in Chad WHO 1,100,966 HIGH Improving access to health care for IDPs and host VERY CHD-09/H/20488/122 populations in East Chad WHO 507,870 HIGH Maintaining on going emergency HIV health actions in the VERY CHD-09/H/20490/122 eastern and southern Chad WHO 1,697,752 HIGH Supporting Polio Surveillance and control programmes VERY CHD-09/H/20494/122 among the affected population specially refugees and IDPs WHO 2,500,000 HIGH Monitoring food prices crisis on health and responding to CHD-09/H/20495/122 HIGH its impact WHO 500,000 Appui aux soins de santé primaire en faveur des personnes VERY CHD-09/H/20533/8058 déplacées et populations hôtes de la zone de Haouich et IRW 800,000 HIGH Am Dam Projet pour la prévention et la sensibilisation des ISTs/VIH- VERY CHD-09/H/20534/8058 SIDA dans les zones de Haouich et Am Dam IRW 350,000 HIGH Preventing of HIV/AIDS spread and reducing its impact in VERY CHD-09/H/20692/5109 the East and southern regions of Chad UNAIDS 1,000,000 HIGH Improving Reproductive Health (RH) services to the conflict VERY CHD-09/H/20783/1171 affected populations in Eastern Chad UNFPA 880,000 HIGH Improving reproductive health (RH) services to refugee and VERY CHD-09/H/20785/1171 host communities in Southern Chad UNFPA 460,000 HIGH Health and Nutrition services for Sudanese Refugees and VERY CHD-09/H/20912/124 host communities in Eastern Chad UNICEF 1,053,950 HIGH Immunization and Health Promotion of the Children in IDPs VERY CHD-09/H/20931/124 sites and the host communities UNICEF 1,893,900 HIGH VERY CHD-09/H/21394/5160 Assistance to Guereda Hospital IMC 500,000 HIGH Improving Surgical and Maternity Services at Am-Dam VERY CHD-09/H/21398/5160 Hospital IMC 437,500 HIGH Continuation of Provision of Nutrition Services to VERY CHD-09/H/21399/5160 Population of Am-Dam IMC 337,500 HIGH Health and Nutrition services for Central African Refugees CHD-09/H/22010/124 HIGH and host communities in Southern Chad UNICEF 563,372 Sexual education and prevention of STD/HIV/AIDS (CDV, CHD-09/H/22063/124 PTME) for young people between 15 - 24 years and UNICEF 990,285 childbearing women HIV AIDS prevention and access to health care for CHD-09/H/22072/124 HIGH refugees and host communities in Southern Chad UNICEF 375,285 Sub total for HEALTH 16,708,722 MINE ACTION CHD-09/MA/20324/776 UXO clearance and demining - South / South-East UNDP 1,879,140 HIGH CHD-09/MA/20329/776 Demining of Wadi-Doum zone (mine fields) UNDP 2,197,595 HIGH VERY CHD-09/MA/20330/776 Rapid response team for demining and UXO clearance UNDP 325,784 HIGH CHD-09/MA/20331/776 Strengthening Mine Action national capacity UNDP 580,750 HIGH Sub total for MINE ACTION 4,983,269 MULTI-SECTOR ACTIVITIES FOR IDPs AND REFUGEES CHD- CARE Assistance to refugees in East Chad 1,282,500 HIGH 09/MS/21359/5645 International CHD- CARE Emergency assistance to affected population in East Chad 416,000 HIGH 09/MS/21380/5645 International CHD- Livelihood enhancement and conflict mitigation amongst CARE 830,000 HIGH 09/MS/21408/5645 refugees and host communities International VERY CHD-09/MS/21434/120 Care and Maintenance for Refugees in Chad UNHCR 80,626,842 HIGH Care and Maintenance for Internally Displaced Persons in VERY CHD-09/MS/21436/120 Eastern Chad UNHCR 12,517,393 HIGH CHD- Emergency assistance to affected populations (internal CARE 337,500 09/MS/22049/5645 conflict, natural disaster) International Sub total for MULTI-SECTOR ACTIVITIES FOR IDPs AND REFUGEES 96,010,235 NUTRITION VERY CHD-09/H/20928/124 Nutritional surveys in Eastern and Southern Chad ACF 300,000 HIGH Nutrition Programme for Chadian populations affected by VERY CHD-09/H/20930/124 the Eastern crisis UNICEF 1,639,240 HIGH CHD-09/H/21212/5186 Nutrition programme for refugees in Eastern Chad UNICEF 853,490 Sub total for NUTRITION 2,792,730

91 CHAD

Appealing Requirements Project code Project title Priority agency ($) PROTECTION Prevention of and response to Gender-Based Violence CHD-09/P-HR- (GBV) among Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons RL/20784/1171 UNFPA 2,320,000 (IDPs) in Eastern Chad CHD-09/P-HR- CARE SGBV refugees and IDP's 215,000 HIGH RL/21370/5645 International CHD-09/P-HR- Protective environment for children in IDP sites and host HIGH RL/22007/124 communities affected by armed conflict in Eastern Chad UNICEF 2,400,000 CHD-09/P-HR- Protective environment for children in refugee sites and VERY RL/22013/124 host communities in Southern Chad. UNICEF 420,000 HIGH CHD-09/P-HR- Protection in refugee camps and host communities,

RL/22091/124 Eastern Chad UNICEF 1,500,000 Sub total for PROTECTION 6,855,000 SAFETY AND SECURITY OF STAFF AND OPERATIONS CHD-09/S/22065/5679 UNDP for Renforcement de la sécurité des personnels humanitaires 178,200 HIGH UNDSS Sub total for SAFETY AND SECURITY OF STAFF AND OPERATIONS 178,200 SITE MANAGEMENT CHD- To facilitate an appropriate level of humanitarian response 09/CSS/21050/8498 to the needs of over 50,521 conflict-affected people within CW 950,000 HIGH the volatile and complex environment of south-east Chad. Sub total for SITE MANAGEMENT 950,000 WATER AND SANITATION CHD- Water Supply and Hygiene Promotion for population VERY 09/WS/20515/5633 affected by eastern Chad crisis in Ade Solidarités 450,000 HIGH CHD- Approvisionnement en Eau, Assainissement et hygiène MEDIUM 09/WS/20536/8058 pour les populations vulnérables de Haouich et Am Dam IRW 1,100,000 Emergency WASH project in Eastern Chad: to sustain CHD- access to safe drinking water and improvement of hygiene VERY 09/WS/21211/5186 conditions for both displaced and local populations of ACF 350,000 HIGH Dogdore/Thur, Kimiti Department, Sila Region CHD- Water and Sanitation programme for IDPs & Host CARE 550,000 HIGH 09/WS/21374/5645 Communities in Eastern Chad International CHD- CARE Emergency water and sanitation in South Chad 180,000 MEDIUM 09/WS/21420/5645 International Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene Education for VERY CHD-09/WS/21928/124 population affected by Eastern Chad crisis UNICEF 9,144,000 HIGH Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene Education for CAR CHD-09/WS/21951/124 MEDIUM Refugees and Host Population in Southern Chad UNICEF 1,116,000 CHD- Technical Advisory and Rapid ResponseTeam: Water, HIGH 09/WS/21962/5120 Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion OXFAM GB 2,000,000 CHD- Consolidation of Public Health Response in IDP sites / host HIGH 09/WS/21965/5120 communities in Eastern Chad OXFAM GB 2,230,000 Water, sanitation and hygiene promotion on the IDP site of CHD- Intermon VERY Aradib , Habille and for the resident population in the 09/WS/22126/7854 2,080,000 HIGH villages of Aradib and Koukou Angarana Oxfam Sub total for WATER AND SANITATION 19,200,000 Grand Total: USD 388,940,350

92 CHAD

Table IV: Consolidated Appeal for Chad 2009 List of Projects (grouped by appealing organisation) as of 23 December 2008 http://www.reliefweb.int/fts

Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by the respective appealing organisation. Page 1 of 7

Project Code non-standard sector Project Title Original Requirements (US$)

ACF

CHD-09/H/21212/5186 NUTRITION Nutritional surveys in Eastern and Southern Chad 300,000

CHD-09/WS/21211/5186 WATER AND SANITATION Emergency WASH project in Eastern Chad : to sustain access to safe 350,000 drinking water and improvement of hygiene conditions for both displaced and local populations of Dogdore/Thur, Kimiti Department, Sila Region

Subtotal for ACF 650,000

ASF B

CHD-09/CSS/20724/8308 COORDINATION AND Provision of light and flexible on-demand air transport capacity to support 913,981 SUPPORT SERVICES specific operational and security requirements of Aid Agencies in Eastern Chad

Subtotal for ASF B 913,981

ASI

CHD-09/CSS/21097/5639 COORDINATION AND Humanitarian Air Transport in Chad 1,524,306 SUPPORT SERVICES

Subtotal for ASI 1,524,306

CARE International

CHD-09/A/22048/5645 FOOD AID Food security assistance to affected populations (Assoungha) 500,000

CHD-09/E/21339/5645 EDUCATION Formal and non-formal education for pre- and primary school students and 600,000 youth in Iridimi, Touloum and Am Nabak refugee camps in Eastern Chad

CHD-09/MS/21359/5645 MULTI-SECTOR ACTIVITIES Assistance to refugees in East Chad 1,282,500 FOR IDPs AND REFUGEES

CHD-09/MS/21380/5645 MULTI-SECTOR ACTIVITIES Emergency assistance to affected population in East Chad 416,000 FOR IDPs AND REFUGEES

CHD-09/MS/21408/5645 MULTI-SECTOR ACTIVITIES Livelihood enhancement and conflict mitigation amongst refugees and host 830,000 FOR IDPs AND REFUGEES communities

CHD-09/MS/22049/5645 MULTI-SECTOR ACTIVITIES Emergency assistance to affected populations (internal conflict, natural 337,500 FOR IDPs AND REFUGEES disaster)

CHD-09/P-HR-RL/21370/5645 PROTECTION SGBV refugees and IDP's 215,000

CHD-09/WS/21374/5645 WATER AND SANITATION Water and Sanitation programme for IDPs & Host Communities in Eastern 550,000 Chad

CHD-09/WS/21420/5645 WATER AND SANITATION Emergency water and sanitation in South Chad 180,000

Subtotal for CARE International 4,911,000

The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 23 December 2008. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).

93 CHAD

Table IV: Consolidated Appeal for Chad 2009 List of Projects (grouped by appealing organisation) as of 23 December 2008 http://www.reliefweb.int/fts

Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by the respective appealing organisation. Page 2 of 7

Project Code non-standard sector Project Title Original Requirements (US$)

CORD

CHD-09/E/21963/7498 EDUCATION Improved access to quality education for pre-, primary and secondary 520,000 school students in Gaga, Bredjing and Treguine refugee camps and 21 surrounding host communities in Eastern Chad

Subtotal for CORD 520,000

CW

CHD-09/A/20477/8498 AGRICULTURE AND Improving the capacity of IDP Populations and Local Communities in 1,500,000 LIVELIHOODS Gozbeida to Achieve Sustainable Livelihood Security

CHD-09/CSS/21050/8498 SITE MANAGEMENT To facilitate an appropriate level of humanitarian response to the needs of 950,000 over 50,521 conflict-affected people within the volatile and complex environment of south-east Chad.

Subtotal for CW 2,450,000

FAO

CHD-09/A/21027/123 AGRICULTURE AND Support to the coordination of agricultural emergency activities 675,000 LIVELIHOODS

CHD-09/A/21029/123 AGRICULTURE AND Emergency supply of farming inputs to vulnerable households affected by 1,903,000 LIVELIHOODS conflict and floods in eastern and southern Chad

CHD-09/A/21030/123 AGRICULTURE AND Support to agricultural and pastoral production for households affected by 1,576,300 LIVELIHOODS the crisis in eastern Chad through improved access to land and water, and protection of gardening perimeters

CHD-09/A/21033/123 AGRICULTURE AND Promotion of income-generating activities, such as agricultural processing 1,277,000 LIVELIHOODS and livestock activities, to assist women who are displaced, resettling or members of the host community without access to natural resources in eastern and southern Chad

CHD-09/A/21044/123 AGRICULTURE AND Seed multiplication and supply of agricultural inputs in support of displaced, 1,166,536 LIVELIHOODS resettling and host-community households in Ouaddai region and Northern Salamat

Subtotal for FAO 6,597,836

FPT

CHD-09/A/21871/8851 AGRICULTURE AND Appui aux programmes des déplacés et retournés de la S/P de Kerfi 274,026 LIVELIHOODS

Subtotal for FPT 274,026

IMC

CHD-09/H/21394/5160 HEALTH Assistance to Guereda Hospital 500,000

CHD-09/H/21398/5160 HEALTH Improving Surgical and Maternity Services at Am-Dam Hospital 437,500

CHD-09/H/21399/5160 HEALTH Continuation of Provision of Nutrition Services to Population of Am-Dam 337,500

Subtotal for IMC 1,275,000

The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 23 December 2008. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).

94 CHAD

Table IV: Consolidated Appeal for Chad 2009 List of Projects (grouped by appealing organisation) as of 23 December 2008 http://www.reliefweb.int/fts

Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by the respective appealing organisation. Page 3 of 7

Project Code non-standard sector Project Title Original Requirements (US$)

IN

CHD-09/CSS/20835/8005 COORDINATION AND Humanitarian Information Service in Eastern Chad 115,000 SUPPORT SERVICES

Subtotal for IN 115,000

Intermon Oxfam

CHD-09/WS/22126/7854 WATER AND SANITATION Water, sanitation and hygiene promotion on the IDP site of Aradib , Habille 2,080,000 and for the resident population in the villages of Aradib and Koukou Angarana

Subtotal for Intermon Oxfam 2,080,000

INTERSOS

CHD-09/A/20657/5660 AGRICULTURE AND Reforesting the urban and sub-urban areas of Abeche 196,987 LIVELIHOODS

Subtotal for INTERSOS 196,987

IRW

CHD-09/A/20537/8058 AGRICULTURE AND Support to food security and livelihood rehabilitation for IDPs and host 450,000 LIVELIHOODS population of Eastern Chad

CHD-09/A/20538/8058 AGRICULTURE AND Supply of farming inputs (seeds, tools/equipments) to houeholds of which 1,598,520 LIVELIHOODS food security is not reached in Haouich and Am Dam (DJOUF AL AHMAR region)

CHD-09/E/20530/8058 EDUCATION Soutien au secteur de l’Education (formation professionnelle, formation 825,000 technique et alphabétisation pour les populations retournées, déplacées internes et populations hôtes de la zone de Haouich et Am Dam [Région du Ouaddaï])

CHD-09/E/20532/8058 EDUCATION Appui au secteur de l’éducation dans la région d’Am Timan 918,784

CHD-09/H/20533/8058 HEALTH Appui aux soins de santé primaire en faveur des personnes déplacées et 800,000 populations hôtes de la zone de Haouich et Am Dam

CHD-09/H/20534/8058 HEALTH Projet pour la prévention et la sensibilisation des ISTs/VIH-SIDA dans les 350,000 zones de Haouich et Am Dam

CHD-09/WS/20536/8058 WATER AND SANITATION Approvisionnement en Eau, Assainissement et hygiène pour les 1,100,000 populations vulnérables de Haouich et Am Dam

Subtotal for IRW 6,042,304

JRS

CHD-09/E/21970/6217 EDUCATION Alphabetisation initiatives in IDP sites and host communities around Goz 187,500 Beida, Koukou-Angarana and Kerfi

Subtotal for JRS 187,500

The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 23 December 2008. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).

95 CHAD

Table IV: Consolidated Appeal for Chad 2009 List of Projects (grouped by appealing organisation) as of 23 December 2008 http://www.reliefweb.int/fts

Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by the respective appealing organisation. Page 4 of 7

Project Code non-standard sector Project Title Original Requirements (US$)

OCHA

CHD-09/CSS/20995/119 COORDINATION AND Support to Humanitarian Coordination in Chad 4,996,912 SUPPORT SERVICES

Subtotal for OCHA 4,996,912

OXFAM GB

CHD-09/WS/21962/5120 WATER AND SANITATION Technical Advisory and Rapid ResponseTeam: Water, Sanitation and 2,000,000 Hygiene Promotion

CHD-09/WS/21965/5120 WATER AND SANITATION Consolidation of Public Health Response in IDP sites / host communities in 2,230,000 Eastern Chad

Subtotal for OXFAM GB 4,230,000

RET

CHD-09/E/22133/6749 EDUCATION Protecting young people in and around refugee camps in Eastern Chad by 830,000 providing post-primary education for a more peaceful present and a prosperous future

Subtotal for RET 830,000

Solidarités

CHD-09/WS/20515/5633 WATER AND SANITATION Water Supply and Hygiene Promotion for population affected by eastern 450,000 Chad crisis in Ade

Subtotal for Solidarités 450,000

UNAIDS

CHD-09/H/20692/5109 HEALTH Preventing of HIV/AIDS spread and reducing its impact in the East and 1,000,000 southern regions of Chad

Subtotal for UNAIDS 1,000,000

UNDP

CHD-09/MA/20324/776 MINE ACTION UXO clearance and demining - South / South-East 1,879,140

CHD-09/MA/20329/776 MINE ACTION Demining of Wadi-Doum zone (mine fields) 2,197,595

CHD-09/MA/20330/776 MINE ACTION Rapid response team for demining and UXO clearance 325,784

CHD-09/MA/20331/776 MINE ACTION Strengthening Mine Action national capacity 580,750

Subtotal for UNDP 4,983,269

The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 23 December 2008. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).

96 CHAD

Table IV: Consolidated Appeal for Chad 2009 List of Projects (grouped by appealing organisation) as of 23 December 2008 http://www.reliefweb.int/fts

Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by the respective appealing organisation. Page 5 of 7

Project Code non-standard sector Project Title Original Requirements (US$)

UNDP for UNDSS

CHD-09/S/22065/5679 SAFETY AND SECURITY OF Renforcement de la sécurité des personnels humanitaires 178,200 STAFF AND OPERATIONS

Subtotal for UNDP for UNDSS 178,200

UNFPA

CHD-09/H/20783/1171 HEALTH Improving Reproductive Health (RH) services to the conflict affected 880,000 populations in Eastern Chad

CHD-09/H/20785/1171 HEALTH Improving reproductive health (RH) services to refugee and host 460,000 communities in Southern Chad

CHD-09/P-HR-RL/20784/1171 PROTECTION Prevention of and response to Gender-Based Violence (GBV) among 2,320,000 Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in Eastern Chad

Subtotal for UNFPA 3,660,000

UNHCR

CHD-09/MS/21434/120 MULTI-SECTOR ACTIVITIES Care and Maintenance for Refugees in Chad 80,626,842 FOR IDPs AND REFUGEES

CHD-09/MS/21436/120 MULTI-SECTOR ACTIVITIES Care and Maintenance for Internally Displaced Persons in Eastern Chad 12,517,393 FOR IDPs AND REFUGEES

Subtotal for UNHCR 93,144,235

The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 23 December 2008. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).

97 CHAD

Table IV: Consolidated Appeal for Chad 2009 List of Projects (grouped by appealing organisation) as of 23 December 2008 http://www.reliefweb.int/fts

Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by the respective appealing organisation. Page 6 of 7

Project Code non-standard sector Project Title Original Requirements (US$)

UNICEF

CHD-09/E/21966/124 EDUCATION Access to improved quality education for pre- and primary school children 5,992,000 in 12 refugee camps and surrounding host communities in Eastern Chad

CHD-09/E/21968/124 EDUCATION Access to improved quality education for pre- and primary school children 3,990,000 in IDP sites and host communities in Eastern Chad

CHD-09/E/21971/124 EDUCATION Quality Education for Central African refugees and surrounding host 1,077,000 communities in Southern Chad

CHD-09/E/22053/124 EDUCATION Appui financier aux maîtres communautaires des écoles des sites de 199,598 déplacés et populations hôtes de Goz Beida, Koukou-Angarana et Kerfi

CHD-09/H/20912/124 HEALTH Health and Nutrition services for Sudanese Refugees and host 1,053,950 communities in Eastern Chad

CHD-09/H/20928/124 NUTRITION Nutrition Programme for Chadian populations affected by the Eastern crisis 1,639,240

CHD-09/H/20930/124 NUTRITION Nutrition programme for refugees in Eastern Chad 853,490

CHD-09/H/20931/124 HEALTH Immunization and Health Promotion of the Children in IDPs sites and the 1,893,900 host communities

CHD-09/H/22010/124 HEALTH Health and Nutrition services for Central African Refugees and host 563,372 communities in Southern Chad

CHD-09/H/22063/124 HEALTH Sexual education and prevention of STD/HIV/AIDS (CDV, PTME) for young 990,285 people between 15 - 24 years and childbearing women

CHD-09/H/22072/124 HEALTH HIV AIDS prevention and access to health care for refugees and host 375,285 communities in Southern Chad

CHD-09/P-HR-RL/22007/124 PROTECTION Protective environment for children in IDP sites and host communities 2,400,000 affected by armed conflict in Eastern Chad

CHD-09/P-HR-RL/22013/124 PROTECTION Protective environment for children in refugee sites and host communities 420,000 in Southern Chad.

CHD-09/P-HR-RL/22091/124 PROTECTION Protection in refugee camps and host communities, Eastern Chad 1,500,000

CHD-09/WS/21928/124 WATER AND SANITATION Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene Education for population affected by 9,144,000 Eastern Chad crisis

CHD-09/WS/21951/124 WATER AND SANITATION Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene Education for CAR Refugees and 1,116,000 Host Population in Southern Chad

Subtotal for UNICEF 33,208,120

WFP

CHD-09/CSS/21085/561 COORDINATION AND Fleet augmentation and Logistics coordination 4,000,000 SUPPORT SERVICES

CHD-09/CSS/21310/561 COORDINATION AND WFP Humanitarian Air Services in Chad in Support of EMOP 10559.1 17,390,997 SUPPORT SERVICES

CHD-09/F/22255/561 AGRICULTURE AND Assistance to Sudanese Refugees, Internally Displaced, IDP Host 171,991,345 LIVELIHOODS Communities and Refugee-Affected Local Populations in Eastern Chad

CHD-09/F/22257/561 FOOD AID Assistance to Central African Refugees in Southern Chad 13,903,752

Subtotal for WFP 207,286,094

The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 23 December 2008. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).

98 CHAD

Table IV: Consolidated Appeal for Chad 2009 List of Projects (grouped by appealing organisation) as of 23 December 2008 http://www.reliefweb.int/fts

Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by the respective appealing organisation. Page 7 of 7

Project Code non-standard sector Project Title Original Requirements (US$)

WHO

CHD-09/H/20479/122 FOOD AID Nutritional monitoring towards reducing morbidity and mortality 168,650

CHD-09/H/20481/122 HEALTH Maintaining existing presence in the east and filling the gaps of health 760,342 cluster functions in N'Djamena and South Chad

CHD-09/H/20485/122 HEALTH Reinforcing disease surveillance and emergency health response in Chad 1,100,966

CHD-09/H/20488/122 HEALTH Improving access to health care for IDPs and host populations in East Chad 507,870

CHD-09/H/20490/122 HEALTH Maintaining on going emergency HIV health actions in the eastern and 1,697,752 southern Chad

CHD-09/H/20494/122 HEALTH Supporting Polio Surveillance and control programmes among the affected 2,500,000 population specially refugees and IDPs

CHD-09/H/20495/122 HEALTH Monitoring food prices crisis on health and responding to its impact 500,000

Subtotal for WHO 7,235,580

Grand Total 388,940,350

The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 23 December 2008. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).

99 CHAD

Table V: Consolidated Appeal for Chad 2009 Summary of Requirements – (grouped by IASC Standard Sector) as of 23 December 2008 http://www.reliefweb.int/fts

Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by the respective appealing organisation.

Sector Name Original Requirements (US$)

AGRICULTURE 11,117,369

COORDINATION AND SUPPORT SERVICES 29,891,196

EDUCATION 15,139,882

FOOD 185,895,097

HEALTH 19,670,102

MINE ACTION 4,983,269

MULTI-SECTOR 96,010,235

PROTECTION/HUMAN RIGHTS/RULE OF LAW 6,855,000

SAFETY AND SECURITY OF STAFF AND OPERATIONS 178,200

WATER AND SANITATION 19,200,000

Grand Total 388,940,350

The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 23 December 2008. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).

10 0 CHAD

ANNEX V. FUNDING RESULTS OF 2008 CAP

Table I: Consolidated Appeal: Chad 2008 Requirements, Commitments/Contributions and Pledges - by Sector as of 23 December 2008 http://www.reliefweb.int/fts

Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by donors and appealing organisations non-standard sector Original Revised Funding % Unmet Uncommitted Requirements Requirements Covered Requirements Pledges

Value in US$ A B C C/B B-C D

AGRICULTURE AND FOOD AID 113,370,468 131,445,738 119,016,170 91% 12,429,568 1,758,390

COORDINATION AND SUPPORT SERVICES 7,525,669 15,740,362 11,049,443 70% 4,690,919 -

EARLY RECOVERY - 600,600 - 0% 600,600 -

EDUCATION 15,537,088 15,317,665 4,092,453 27% 11,225,212 -

HEALTH 22,059,149 15,539,028 10,820,779 70% 4,718,249 -

MINE ACTION 1,634,100 1,157,053 502,877 43% 654,176 -

MULTI-SECTOR 89,637,349 103,847,901 86,198,952 83% 17,648,949 -

NUTRITION 8,067,127 6,196,324 1,788,200 29% 4,408,124 -

PROTECTION 9,266,340 5,625,390 3,090,823 55% 2,534,567 -

SECTOR NOT YET SPECIFIED - - 2,288,638 0% (2,288,638) -

WATER AND SANITATION 20,563,840 22,450,497 12,097,099 54% 10,353,398 -

Grand Total 287,661,130 317,920,558 250,945,434 79% 66,975,124 1,758,390

NOTE: "Funding" means Contributions + Commitments + Carry-over

Pledge: a non-binding announcement of an intended contribution or allocation by the donor. ("Uncommitted pledge" on these tables indicates the balance of original pledges not yet committed). Commitment: creation of a legal, contractual obligation between the donor and recipient entity, specifying the amount to be contributed.

Contribution: the actual payment of funds or transfer of in-kind goods from the donor to the recipient entity.

The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 23 December 2008. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).

101 CHAD

Table II: Consolidated Appeal for Chad 2008 Summary of Requirements, Commitments/Contributions and Pledges - by Appealing Organisation, with funding status of each as of 23 December 2008 http://www.reliefweb.int/fts

Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by donors and appealing organisations Page 1 of 1

Appealing Organisation Original Revised Funding % Unmet Requirements Uncommitted Requirements Requirements Covered Pledges

Values in US$ A B C C/B B-C D

ACF 1,177,000 2,050,510 2,529,378 100% (478,868) -

ACTED -969,025 1,419,025 100% (450,000) -

Africare 105,000 105,000 - 0% 105,000 -

CARE International 66,000 66,000 - 0% 66,000 -

COOPI 575,000 3,355,019 3,065,019 91% 290,000 -

CORD 1,340,000 1,660,000 - 0% 1,660,000 -

FAO 2,940,520 5,460,570 2,734,221 50% 2,726,349 -

FTC - 1,529,902 - 0% 1,529,902 -

HELP - 2,232,473 2,232,473 100% - -

IMC 1,520,197 520,000 520,000 100% - -

Intermon Oxfam 738,200 738,200 715,397 97% 22,803 -

INTERSOS 3,048,000 3,048,000 285,476 9% 2,762,524 -

IPPFA 1,722,300 1,027,380 - 0% 1,027,380 -

IRC 371,000 371,000 3,177,951 100% (2,806,951) -

IRW 3,525,000 3,525,000 849,544 24% 2,675,456 -

OCHA 4,717,669 4,717,669 3,443,884 73% 1,273,785 -

OXFAM GB 6,258,000 6,258,000 730,459 12% 5,527,541 -

PSF 812,130 591,441 314,388 53% 277,053 -

SC - UK 3,449,863 3,449,863 127,147 4% 3,322,716 -

UNAIDS -500,000 - 0% 500,000 -

UNDP 1,495,000 1,017,953 502,877 49% 515,076 -

UNFPA 3,750,250 800,000 650,348 81% 149,652 -

UN-HABITAT -600,600 - 0% 600,600 -

UNHCR 89,637,349 103,847,901 86,198,952 83% 17,648,949 -

UNICEF 43,238,132 32,162,710 17,352,777 54% 14,809,933 -

Unspecified - (412,623) (412,623) 100% - -

WFP 112,787,948 133,866,885 121,901,121 91% 11,965,764 1,758,390

WHO 4,386,572 3,862,080 2,607,620 68% 1,254,460 -

GRAND TOTAL 287,661,130 317,920,558 250,945,434 79% 66,975,124 1,758,390

NOTE: "Funding" means Contributions + Commitments + Carry-over

Pledge: a non-binding announcement of an intended contribution or allocation by the donor. ("Uncommitted pledge" on these tables indicates the balance of original pledges not yet committed).

Commitment: creation of a legal, contractual obligation between the donor and recipient entity, specifying the amount to be contributed.

Contribution: the actual payment of funds or transfer of in-kind goods from the donor to the recipient entity.

The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 23 December 2008. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).

10 2 CHAD

Table III: Chad 2008 Total Funding per Donor (to projects listed in the Appeal) as of 23 December 2008 http://www.reliefweb.int/fts

Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by donors and appealing organisations

Donor Funding % of Uncommitted Grand Total Pledges Values in US$

United States 64,343,703 25.6 % -

Carry-over (donors not specified) 44,995,800 17.9 % -

European Commission (ECHO) 38,944,516 15.5 % -

Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) 12,530,860 5.0 % -

Japan 12,315,384 4.9 % -

Sweden 10,236,918 4.1 % -

Private (individuals & organisations) 7,545,722 3.0 % -

Netherlands 7,128,108 2.8 % -

Allocations of unearmarked funds by UN agencies 6,870,683 2.7 % -

Ireland 6,486,489 2.6 % -

United Kingdom 5,442,856 2.2 % -

France 5,081,786 2.0 % 1,726,007

Spain 4,956,683 2.0 % -

Italy 3,963,779 1.6 % -

Germany 3,797,742 1.5 % -

Canada 3,788,567 1.5 % -

Finland 3,348,288 1.3 % -

Switzerland 3,321,757 1.3 % -

Denmark 2,121,938 0.8 % -

Norway 2,104,535 0.8 % -

Luxembourg 728,863 0.3 % -

Turkey 575,000 0.2 % - Greece 315,457 0.1 % 32,383

Grand Total 250,945,434 100.0 % 1,758,390

NOTE: "Funding" means Contributions + Commitments + Carry-over

Pledge: a non-binding announcement of an intended contribution or allocation by the donor. ("Uncommitted pledge" on these tables indicates the balance of original pledges not yet committed). Commitment: creation of a legal, contractual obligation between the donor and recipient entity, specifying the amount to be contributed.

Contribution: the actual payment of funds or transfer of in-kind goods from the donor to the recipient entity.

The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 23 December 2008. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).

10 3 CHAD

Table IV: Other Humanitarian Funding to Chad 2008 List of Commitments/Contributions and Pledges to Projects not Listed in the Appeal as of 23 December 2008 http://www.reliefweb.int/fts

Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by donors and appealing organisations. Page 1 of 4

Appealing Organisation Description Funding Uncommitted Pledges

Values in US$

Canada

ICRC ICRC emergency appeal (M-012712) 306,748 -

ICRC ICRC emergency field operations appeal (M-012712) 637,105 -

MSF Humanitarian assistance (M-012747) 503,525 -

MSF Humanitarian assistance (M-012795) 102,249 -

Subtotal for Canada 1,549,627 -

Denmark

Caritas Denmark Improving living conditions of Darfur refugees and local host populations in and around three refugee 7,385,524 - camps in Chad (46.H.7-8-115.) MSF To support refugees and host communities wirh medical services (46.H.7-7-124.) 1,581,167 -

Subtotal for Denmark 8,966,691 -

Dubai Cares (UAE)

UNICEF Primary education for 20,000 children (Total project amount-$2,000,000 for 2008 - 2009) 1,000,000 -

Subtotal for Dubai Cares (UAE) 1,000,000 -

European Commission Humanitarian Aid Office

ASF B Renforcement des capacits ariennes humanitaires et largissement des zones d´intervention l´Est du 497,613 - Tchad (ECHO/TCD/BUD/2008/01010) CARE Assistance alimentaire et non alimentaire ainsi que promotion l´hygine en faveur des rfugis soudanais 860,098 - l´Est du Tchad.(ECHO/TCD/BUD/2008/01015) ICRC ICRC health and family-link activities in Chad (ECHO/TCD/BUD/2008/01012) 2,954,210 -

INTERMON Eau, assainissement et hygine dans le site de dplacs dHabile et le village de Koukou Angarana, Est du 974,889 - Tchad (ECHO/TCD/BUD/2008/01011) Solidarités Amlioration des conditions de vie des populations victimes du conflit tchadien dans la rgion de la ville 794,393 - de Ade (ECHO/TCD/BUD/2008/01004) UN Agencies, NGOs and Red Cross AIDE HUMANITAIRE AUX POPULATIONS VULNERABLES - 466,503 EN REPUBLIQUE DU TCHAD(ECHO/TCD/BUD/2008/01000-uncommitted balance of orig pledge of Euro 17 mn)

UN Agencies, NGOs and Red Cross Food aid, short-term food-security support, nutritional support and short-term livelihood support for - 14,709,525 vulnerable populations in humanitarian crises. (ECHO/-FA/BUD/2008/01000-uncommitted balance of orig pledge of Euro 13 million)

UN Agencies, NGOs and Red Cross Humanitarian aid for vulnerable populations at risk in the Sahel region of West Africa - 788,644 [ECHO/-WF/BUD/2008/02000]

Subtotal for European Commission Humanitarian Aid Office 6,081,203 15,964,672

Finland

IFRC Aid to IDP´s in Chad 1,577,287 -

Subtotal for Finland 1,577,287 -

The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 23 December 2008. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).

10 4 CHAD

Table IV: Other Humanitarian Funding to Chad 2008 List of Commitments/Contributions and Pledges to Projects not Listed in the Appeal as of 23 December 2008 http://www.reliefweb.int/fts

Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by donors and appealing organisations. Page 2 of 4

Appealing Organisation Description Funding Uncommitted Pledges

Values in US$

France

Bilateral (to affected government) Engager des actions en faveur des familles de N´Djamena affectes par les combats et permettre 51,775 - celles-ci de reprendre une activit professionnelle Intermon Oxfam Support to the famers during the lean period 179,128 -

IRD Food and seed aid 778,816 -

Subtotal for France 1,009,719 -

Germany

CARE International Supplying water, sanitation facilities (VN 05 - 321.50 TCD 04/08) 534,008 -

HELP Urgent renovation in the Hospital Abch (BMZ-Nr. 2008.1896.3) 336,633 -

ICRC Assistance Activities in Chad 2008 (BMZ-No.: 2008.1866.6) 855,365 -

ICRC Emergency assistance and protection activities in CHAD 2008 (VN05-321.50 TCD 02/08) 1,479,290 -

MSF Medical relief - mother health care (VN05 321.50 TCD 06/08) 788,644 -

Subtotal for Germany 3,993,940 -

Ireland

CONCERN Improving the livelihood of the refugees (CON 08 07) 264,728 -

Subtotal for Ireland 264,728 -

Luxembourg

CARITAS Humanitarian aid for Sudanese refugees and local population in Chad 77,760 -

Subtotal for Luxembourg 77,760 -

Norway

MSF TCD 1083250/Medical support, refugees and host communities 770,751 -

Norway RC TCD 1083244/ICRC Emergency appeal 2008 1,086,957 -

Subtotal for Norway 1,857,708 -

The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 23 December 2008. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).

10 5 CHAD

Table IV: Other Humanitarian Funding to Chad 2008 List of Commitments/Contributions and Pledges to Projects not Listed in the Appeal as of 23 December 2008 http://www.reliefweb.int/fts

Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by donors and appealing organisations. Page 3 of 4

Appealing Organisation Description Funding Uncommitted Pledges

Values in US$

Sweden

ICRC Humanitarian support through ICRC 734,053 -

OXFAM Support to Technical Advisory and Support Team 580,259 -

SC - Sweden Humanitarian support to treat acute manutritioned children in refugee 82,135 -

SRSA Assessment of UNHCR´s staff accommodations in eastern Chad 105,783 -

SRSA Support to bridge building project through UNHCR 741,848 -

SRSA Support to power experts through OCHA 168,112 -

SRSA Support to UNHCR, assessment of accommodations 61,198 -

Subtotal for Sweden 2,473,388 -

Switzerland

ICRC Contribution to Emergency Appeal Program 458,716 -

SDC/SHA Emergency evacuation Tchad 416,667 -

UNHCR Secondments 2008-03-25 189,474 -

Subtotal for Switzerland 1,064,857 -

United Kingdom

ICRC To address the needs of the IDPs and host communities in the remote area of the Sudan-Chad 2,893,110 - border, through provision of emergency relief assistance where needed, but also includes early assistance for the re-establishment of livelihoods (015-581-013)

Subtotal for United Kingdom 2,893,110 -

The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 23 December 2008. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).

10 6 CHAD

Table IV: Other Humanitarian Funding to Chad 2008 List of Commitments/Contributions and Pledges to Projects not Listed in the Appeal as of 23 December 2008 http://www.reliefweb.int/fts

Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by donors and appealing organisations. Page 4 of 4

Appealing Organisation Description Funding Uncommitted Pledges

Values in US$

United States of America

Africare Income Generation, Sanitation, Agriculture 700,000 -

ASI Humanitarian air service 729,975 -

ASI Humanitarian Air Services 1,898,324 -

CARE International Education 603,103 -

CCF Psychosocial, protection 399,999 -

CRS Agriculture and Food Security 400,000 -

CRS Water/Sanitation, Capacity Building 517,696 -

DFS Logistics and Relief Commodities 4,546 - (TRN-C-00-09-00003-00) HIAS Psychosocial Services 500,000 -

ICRC Refugee Protection and Assistance 4,600,000 -

IFRC Refugee Protection and Assistance 1,100,000 -

IMC Health (DFD-G-00-06-00206-02) 950,000 -

Internews Humanitarian Information Service 800,000 -

IRD Livelihoods, Animal Husbandry 75,000 -

MENTOR Health (DFD-G-00-08-00147-00) 500,000 -

RET Secondary and Vocational Education 850,000 -

USAID Admin Support (00009MO000209) 65,000 -

USAID Administrative support and travel 188,879 -

USAID Relief commodities (restocking) 78,900 -

WCDO Agriculture and food security (DFD-G-00-07-00099-01) 809,490 -

WCDO Environmental conservation 449,860 -

Subtotal for United States of America 16,220,772 -

Grand Total 49,030,790 15,964,672

NOTE: "Funding" means Contributions + Commitments + Carry-over

Pledge: a non-binding announcement of an intended contribution or allocation by the donor. ("Uncommitted pledge" on these tables indicates the balance of original pledges not yet committed). Commitment: creation of a legal, contractual obligation between the donor and recipient entity, specifying the amount to be contributed.

Contribution: the actual payment of funds or transfer of in-kind goods from the donor to the recipient entity.

The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 23 December 2008. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).

107 CHAD

Table V: Chad 2008 Total Humanitarian Assistance per Donor (Appeal plus other*) as of 23 December 2008 http://www.reliefweb.int/fts

Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by donors and appealing organisations

Donor Funding % of Uncommitted Grand Total Pledges Values in US$

United States 80,564,475 26.9 % 0 European Commission (ECHO) 45,025,719 15.0 % 15,964,672 Carry-over (donors not specified) 44,995,800 15.0 % 0 Sweden 12,710,306 4.2 % 0 Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) 12,530,860 4.2 % 0 Japan 12,315,384 4.1 % 0 Denmark 11,088,629 3.7 % 0 United Kingdom 8,335,966 2.8 % 0 Private (individuals & organisations) 8,545,722 2.8 % 0 Germany 7,791,682 2.6 % 0 Netherlands 7,128,108 2.4 % 0 Allocations of unearmarked funds by UN agencies 6,870,683 2.3 % 0 Ireland 6,751,217 2.3 % 0 France 6,091,505 2.0 % 1,726,007 Canada 5,338,194 1.8 % 0 Spain 4,956,683 1.7 % 0 Finland 4,925,575 1.6 % 0 Switzerland 4,386,614 1.5 % 0 Italy 3,963,779 1.3 % 0 Norway 3,962,243 1.3 % 0 Luxembourg 806,623 0.3 % 0 Turkey 575,000 0.2 % 0 Greece 315,457 0.1 % 32,383

299,976,224 100 % 17,723,062 Grand Total

NOTE: "Funding" means Contributions + Commitments + Carry-over

Pledge: a non-binding announcement of an intended contribution or allocation by the donor. ("Uncommitted pledge" on these tables indicates the balance of original pledges not yet committed).

Commitment: creation of a legal, contractual obligation between the donor and recipient entity, specifying the amount to be contributed.

Contribution: the actual payment of funds or transfer of in-kind goods from the donor to the recipient entity.

* Includes contributions to the Consolidated Appeal and additional contributions outside of the Consolidated Appeal Process (bilateral, Red Cross, etc.)

The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 23 December 2008. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).

10 8 CHAD

Table VI: Consolidated Appeal for Chad 2008 Requirements, Commitments/Contributions and Pledges - by IASC Standard Sector, as of 23 December 2008 http://www.reliefweb.int/fts

Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by donors and appealing organisations

Sector Original Revised Funding % Unmet Uncommitted Requirements Requirements Covered Requirements Pledges

Value in US$ A B C C/B B-C D

AGRICULTURE 3,390,520 5,910,570 2,866,334 48% 3,044,236 -

COORDINATION AND SUPPORT SERVICES 7,525,669 15,740,362 11,049,443 70% 4,690,919 -

ECONOMIC RECOVERY AND INFRASTRUCTURE - 600,600 - 0% 600,600 -

EDUCATION 15,537,088 15,317,665 4,092,453 27% 11,225,212 -

FOOD 109,979,948 125,535,168 116,149,836 93% 9,385,332 1,758,390

HEALTH 30,126,276 21,735,352 12,608,979 58% 9,126,373 -

MINE ACTION 1,634,100 1,157,053 502,877 43% 654,176 -

MULTI-SECTOR 89,637,349 103,847,901 86,198,952 83% 17,648,949 -

PROTECTION/HUMAN RIGHTS/RULE OF LAW 9,266,340 5,625,390 3,090,823 55% 2,534,567 -

SECTOR NOT YET SPECIFIED - - 2,288,638 0% (2,288,638) -

WATER AND SANITATION 20,563,840 22,450,497 12,097,099 54% 10,353,398 -

GRAND TOTAL 287,661,130 317,920,558 250,945,434 79% 66,975,124 1,758,390

NOTE: "Funding" means Contributions + Commitments + Carry-over

Pledge: a non-binding announcement of an intended contribution or allocation by the donor. ("Uncommitted pledge" on these tables indicates the balance of original pledges not yet committed). Commitment: creation of a legal, contractual obligation between the donor and recipient entity, specifying the amount to be contributed.

Contribution: the actual payment of funds or transfer of in-kind goods from the donor to the recipient entity.

The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 23 December 2008. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).

10 9 CHAD

ANNEX VI. INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF RED CROSS AND RED PLAN FOR CHAD 2009-2010 CRESCENT SOCIETIES

Chad

Executive summary12 The International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies has been supporting the Red Cross Society of Chad (RCC) under the Sudanese refugee operation for the past four years. At the beginning of the operation in 2003, partners and donors were fully committed and the level of contributions both in cash and in-kind offered opportunities for building a substantial standard level of assistance to the refugees in all sectors. There is a strong recognition of the significant contribution and the role played by the Red Cross Movement in delivering assistance to the Sudanese refugees in Treguine and Bredgine camps during the first two years of the operation. The International Federation’s delegation in Chad has supported the RCC in programme coordination, service provision and multilateral cooperation development with donors for fundraising.

Unfortunately, the scale of the humanitarian situation in eastern Chad continues to increase as a result of the volatile, unpredictable and complex nature of the crisis in the sub region. Internally, Chad has experienced a deterioration of its socio-political environment and national authorities continue to face challenges in tackling the increasing number of security threats. On the international side, developments in the neighbouring countries of Sudan (Darfur) and the Central African Republic (CAR) have also impacted negatively on Chad.

Because of the ongoing security concerns, refugees have not been able to voluntarily return to Sudan. Many humanitarian organisations, including the International Federation and the Red Cross Society of Chad, were obliged to continually readjust their operation's timeframe as well as plans of action to integrate areas requiring further attention and additional resources. As a consequence, the International Federation and the RCC have confronted serious funding constraints over the past three years. Having recently assessed the situation on the ground, the International Federation’s zone office, has decided to reinforce the team of expatriate delegates in N’djamena and Abeche. The objective is to enhance the International Federation’s support to the RCC and its presence in the field with new human resources, including one programme coordinator in Abeche, one camp manager for the Treguine and Bredgine camps, and one expatriate health coordinator for Treguine’s refugee health centre in Hadjer Hadid. The recruitment of these new staff did not take place until mid-2008.

Considering that security in the country remains an issue and given the need for increased cooperation with the RCC, the International Federation’s support under this plan will be mainly concentrated on improving coordination in the refugee operation To this end the International Federation will carry out intensified capacity-building and organisational development for the National Society at headquarters and branch levels in order to improve decision making, commitment and accountability at all levels.

More specifically, the International Federation’s support for improving assistance to the Sudanese refugees will be carried out through the sectors of basic health care, water and sanitation, relief items distribution, construction of semi-permanent shelters, provision of social welfare services, etc.). In addition to this, the International Federation’s continued support in community-based disaster management, livelihoods, organisational development and humanitarian values outside the refugee zones will be ensured by marketing all the National Society development initiatives which have been delayed in the previous years in order to better satisfy the Chadian vulnerable communities’ vital needs. Further efforts will be concentrated on the identification of communities’ needs, by conducting additional vulnerability capacity assessments (VCA) and training on project implementation, programme planning, and local fundraising. Training of governance and management bodies will be consistently supported by the International Federation’s zonal organisational development department,

12 For references see UNDP annual reports on all six countries.

11 0 CHAD and constitutional meetings will be conducted to raise the National Society’s profile as a prominent organisation within Chadian civil society.

National Society priorities and current work with partners

Priorities The RCC’s priority areas of intervention for the coming two years are aligned with the International Federation’s four Global Agenda goals and other Federation strategies, including the Algiers Plan of Action, Strategy 2010 and the African Red Cross and Red Crescent Health Initiative (ARCHI) 2010. These priority areas are: 1. Disaster preparedness, response and recovery through assistance to the Sudanese refugees in Treguine and Bredgine camps, as well as emergency humanitarian support to Chadian vulnerable communities in natural disasters (floods, internal displacements, locusts and pestilence invasions). 2. Emergency preventive and curative health, community-based health care and fighting against epidemic diseases by providing refugees and vulnerable Chadian populations with Sphere standard health centres and community health services; as well as safe drinking water, quality sanitation facilities, an extended sensitization against HIV and AIDS, sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) and an improved vaccination coverage for children against recurrent diseases like measles, polio, meningitis, tuberculosis, etc. It is envisaged among these priorities that a reliable solar energy system will be provided in Treguine’s health centre to ensure a consistent electric power supply to all the vital services in the centre. 3. Post-disaster potential recovery, environmental protection and the promotion of livelihood, in order to further decrease food dependency and mitigate tensions between the refugees and the host communities. 4. Improving the National Society’s leadership and management for better performance, financial sustainability and Red Cross quality services at community levels. This is one among the major areas hindering the Red Cross of Chad’s performance in delivery quality assistance to the beneficiaries. 5. Promotion and operationalization of the Red Cross Movement Principles, and Humanitarian Values and conducting anti-discrimination campaigns through media networking, publication of newsletters and leaflets and the organisation of public advocacy campaigns. These activities will be carried out with key partners such as the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), Government agencies and operational UN Agencies (Human Rights Commission, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), etc.)

The RCC is responsible for supporting the implementation and management of all programmes. At headquarters, a secretariat is in place to support the Secretary General in implementing all activities of the National Society. Programmes are organized within ten departments, each headed by a director. The most important ones are aligned on the core areas of the Federation’s Strategy 2010. These include a director for health and care, a director for disaster management, a director for humanitarian values, a director for organisational development and capacity-building and a director for finance and administration.

While it is recognized that more focus must be put on decentralization, it is important to maintain sufficient professionals at the headquarters level to ensure good coordination, monitoring and reporting to donors. During the coming years, it is anticipated that there will be a need for an increase of staff in the field, while some positions at the headquarters may be made redundant or moved into the field. The issue of adequate staff positions will be viewed in the light of the need for the National Society to become more self-sustainable and less dependant on donor support.

In addition to staff, the RCC has a database of volunteers who are actively involved in one or more activities at the headquarters and in the field. The database will be reviewed and adjusted in 2008 to ensure an adequate number of volunteers are available. There will also be a focus on attracting skilled professionals to become volunteers for the National Society.

Partnerships The partner’s movement of the Red Cross Society of Chad include: the French Swedish, Finish, Norwegian, Spanish Red Cross Societies, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and the International Federation. The National Society also receives support from non-Movement partners, including government institutions, UN Agencies (United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR), World Food Programme (WFP), World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Development

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Programme (UNDP), UNAIDS, etc. and also from the European Union ECHO, the American Bureau of Population, Refugees and Migration (BPRM), NGOs, and other local organisations.

How we work The International Federation’s Global Agenda Goals: activities are aligned with its Global • Reduce the numbers of deaths, injuries and impact from Agenda, which sets out four broad disasters. goals to meet the Federation's • Reduce the number of deaths, illnesses and impact from mission to "improve the lives of diseases and public health emergencies. vulnerable people by mobilizing the • Increase local community, civil society and Red Cross power of humanity". Red Crescent capacity to address the most urgent situations of vulnerability. • Reduce intolerance, discrimination and social exclusion and promote respect for diversity and human dignity. Contact information For further information specifically related to this plan, please contact: • In Chad Red Cross Society: Idriss Matar Isskha, Secretary General; phone: +235 6331418; Fax: +235 2522399; E-mail: [email protected] • In IFRC Country Representation, Chad: Denis Duffaut; phone: +2352678484; or + 235 2522339; Fax +235 2522399; E-mail: [email protected] • In the Central Africa Regional Representation, Cameroon: Javier MEDRANO, Regional Representative; email: [email protected]; phone: +237 22 21 74 37; and fax.: +237 22 21 74 39 • In the West and Central Africa Zone, Senegal: Alasan SENGHORE, Head of Zone; email: [email protected]; phone +(221) 33869 3641; and fax.: +(221) 33 860 2002

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ANNEX VII. ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

ACF Action Contre la Faim ART Anti-retro-viral therapy ACTED Agence d’aide à la Coopération Technique et au Développement AGS Action for Greening Sahel (Japan) AHA Africa Humanitarian Action ATHAS (a Chadian NGO)

BBC British Broadcasting Corporation BCI Better Cotton Initiative

CAP Consolidated Appeal Process CAR Central African Republic CARE Cooperative for American Relief Everywhere CERF Central Emergency Response Fund CHAP Common Humanitarian Action Plan CIDHG International Humanitarian Demining Center CNAPD Comite National d’Assistance aux personnes déplacées CNAR Centre National d'Appui à la Recherche CNR Commission Nationale pour les Réfugiés COOPI Cooperazione Internazionale (Italy) CORD Christian Outreach – Relief and Development CRS Catholic Relief Services CRT Croix Rouge du Tchad (Chadian Red Cross) CND National Demining Centre CSD Commission on Sustainable Development CTC community-based therapeutic care CW Concern Worldwide

DIS Détachement Intégré de Sécurité DRC Democratic Republic of the Congo

ECOSIT Enquête sur la Consommation des Ménages et le Secteur informel au Tchad EUFOR Chad/CAR European Union Force in Chad and Central African Republic EPI Expanded programme of immunisation

FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FFT food-for-training FFW food-for-work FPT La Future Porte du Tchad (an NGO) FTC Feed the Children

GBV gender-based violence GTZ Deutsche Gesellshaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (German Agency for Technical Cooperation

HCT Humanitarian Country Team HDI Human Development Index HIAS Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society

IASC Inter-Agency Standing Committee ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross ICT information and communication technology IDP(s) internally displaced person(s) IFRC International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies IMC International Medical Corps IRC International Rescue Committee IRD International Relief and Development IRIN Integrated Regional Information Network

LWF Lutheran World Federation

MAG Mines Advisory Group MINURCAT United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad MoU memorandum of understanding MRE mine risk education MSF Médecins Sans Frontières MSF-B Médecins Sans Frontières – Belgium

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MSF-F Médecins Sans Frontières – France MSF-H Médecins Sans Frontières – Holland MT metric tonne(s)

NFI(s) non-food item(s) NGO(s) non-governmental organisation(s)

OCHA Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs

PCIME integrated management of childhood illness PHC primary health care PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper PSI Population Services International PSF Pharmaciens sans Frontières PU Première Urgence [NGO]

SCF-UK Save the Children Fund – United Kingdom SECADEV Secours Catholique pour le Développement SFC supplementary feeding centre SGBV sexual or gender-based violence SNRP Stratégie Nationale de Réduction de la Pauvreté 13 SPR seeds protection rations STI sexually-transmitted infection SVAAKO (name of Dutch NGO)

TFC therapeutic feeding centre

UNAMID African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur 14 UNDAF United Nations Development Assistance Framework UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNFPA United Nations Population Fund UNHAS United Nations Humanitarian Air Service UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNV United Nations Volunteers UXO unexploded ordnance

WFP World Food Programme WHO World Health Organization

13 The acronym may also refer to related documents. 14 The acronym appearing in Security Council resolution 1769, which created UNAMID, is used to refer to "United Nations/African Union Mission in Darfur". However, amidst the use of several different variants, the name “African Union – United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur” was adopted by decision of United Nations Editorial Control in August 2007. For more information, please see http://unterm.un.org.

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Consolidated Appeal Process (CAP)

The CAP is a tool for aid organisations to jointly plan, coordinate, implement and monitor their response to disasters and emergencies, and to appeal for funds together instead of competitively.

It is the forum for developing a strategic approach to humanitarian action, focusing on close cooperation between host governments, donors, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, International Organization for Migration (IOM), and United Nations agencies. As such, it presents a snapshot of the situation and response plans, and is an inclusive and coordinated programme cycle of:

• Strategic planning leading to a Common Humanitarian Action Plan (CHAP); • Resource mobilisation leading to a Consolidated Appeal or a Flash Appeal; • Coordinated programme implementation; • Joint monitoring and evaluation; • Revision, if necessary; • Reporting on results.

The CHAP is the core of the CAP – a strategic plan for humanitarian response in a given country or region, including the following elements:

• A common analysis of the context in which humanitarian action takes place; • An assessment of needs; • Best, worst, and most likely scenarios; • A clear statement of longer-term objectives and goals; • Prioritised response plans, including a detailed mapping of projects to cover all needs; • A framework for monitoring the strategy and revising it if necessary.

The CHAP is the core of a Consolidated Appeal or, when crises break out or natural disasters strike, a Flash Appeal. Under the leadership of the Humanitarian Coordinator, and in consultation with host Governments and donors, the CHAP is developed at the field level by the Humanitarian Country Team. This team includes IASC members and standing invitees (UN agencies, the International Organisation for Migration, the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, and NGOs that belong to ICVA, Interaction, or SCHR), but non-IASC members, such as national NGOs, can also be included.

The Humanitarian Coordinator is responsible for the annual preparation of the consolidated appeal document. The document is launched globally near the end of each year to enhance advocacy and resource mobilisation. An update, known as the Mid-Year Review, is presented to donors the following July.

Donors generally fund appealing agencies directly in response to project proposals listed in appeals. The Financial Tracking Service (FTS), managed by the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), is a database of appeal funding needs and worldwide donor contributions, and can be found on www.reliefweb.int/fts.

In sum, the CAP is how aid agencies join forces to provide people in need the best available protection and assistance, on time.

OFFICE FOR THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN AFFAIRS (OCHA)

UNITED NATIONS PALAIS DES NATIONS NEW YORK, NY 10017 1211 GENEVA 10 USA SWITZERLAND