2.3 Chad Road Network National Road Network Rural network Distance Matrix Time Travel Matrix Road Security Weighbridges Axle Load Limits Bridges Road Class Statistics of the existing roads in Chad Surface Conditions Rain Barriers Ouadis (drifts) Page 1 Page 2 For information on Chad Road Network contact details, please see the following link: 4.1 Chad Government Contact List Located in Central Africa at an average altitude of 200 meters, Chad is a large Sahelian country stretching over 2,000 km from north to south and 1,000 km from east to west, covering an area of 1,284 .000 km². Totally landlocked, it shares 5,676 km of borders with 6 bordering countries, including: • 1,055 km to the north with Libya along an almost straight line • 1,360 km to the east with Sudan. • 1,197 km to the south with the Central African Republic. • 889 km to the southwest with Nigeria (89 km of common territorial waterscon Lake Chad) and Cameroon (800 km). • 1,175 km to the west with Niger Chad's road network, both paved and unpaved, is very poorly rarely maintained. According to official road authorities 6000 km of asphalted roads are planned of which a total of 2,086 km are paved and open to the traffic at end of 2014. A 380-km construction project is underway. 4 large asphalting projects planned since 2010 are ongoing and constructions are realized by one Chinese enterprise and Arab Contractor an Egyptian enterprise. Moundou Doba – Koumra (190 km); Massaget – Massakory (72 km) Bokoro – Arboutchatak (65 km); Abeche – Am Himede – Oul Hadjer – Mongo. Summary of Role and Services: Inventory of the road rehabilitation; Plannification of new roads construction; Technical follow up road under contruction; Maintenance of the realized roads. Page 3 National Road Network As a reminder, Chad suffers from poor transport in the country and to foreign markets. During the rainy season, internal roads become impassable and the economy slows to near-idle. There are no ports or rail system in the country. Most rivers flow, but intermittently. In September and October, the Logone is navigable between N'Djamena and Moundou, and the Shari between N'Djamena and Sarh. The rivers cover 4,800 km of which 2,000 km are simply navigable all year round by small boats. The nearest port is located on the Atlantic Ocean in Douala, Cameroon at 1700 kilometers from N'Djamena. Two ancient land routes connect Chad to the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. The first, more than 3000 kilometers, through the difficult desert tracks, leads north to the port of Benghazi in Libya and the second, to the Red Sea via Sudan to Port Sudan, is 2,600 kilometers from Abéché and 3,350 kilometers kilometers from N'Djamena. The country's external traffic (import and export) is carried on the route of the road and rail from Douala to N'Djamena via N'Gaoundéré. Due to Nigeria's internal political difficulties, Nigeria's route has been intermittently closed to Chadian traffic, leaving open only the Cameroonian road to the surface of the traffic in and out of Chad that depends largely on Cameroon's rail system for the transport of Chadian exports and imports to and from the port of Douala. Roads of all categories making up Chad's domestic road network total 40,000 km, including 25,000 km of roads of national or regional interest and 15,000 km of service roads of local interest. The 25.000 km of roads of national or regional interest, placed under the management of the Ministry in charge of the infrastructures of the opening and the transport, were the subject of an exhaustive inventory in 1999 during the elaboration of the National Strategy of Transports (2000 - 2009). They understand: 6.200 km of roads constituting the national structuring network and broken down according to their practicability in National Permanent Network (RNP: 2.578 km) and in Seasonal National Network (RNS: 3.622 km) 18,800 km of roads constituting the Regional Road Network (RRR) linking the intermediate local authorities (region or department) to the national structuring network. The 15,000 km of service roads of local interest have never been the subject of an exhaustive inventory. They include two networks: The rural network, located upstream of the network of roads of national or regional interest, and consisting mainly of service roads of local communities; this network, which is not the responsibility of the Ministry responsible for infrastructure for opening and transport, is left to the initiative of local authorities and is not managed in an organized manner; The urban network made up of community roads in towns and villages, the management of which is the responsibility of the decentralized territorial communities, with technical and financial support from the State, especially for the implementation of major works. Road density, like that of the population, varies greatly depending on the climatic zones, ranging from a density of 6.4 km / 1.000 km² in the Saharan zone to 27.2 in the Sahelian zone and 40.5 in the Sudanian zone. The national highway system includes paved roads and dirt roads. The dirt roads are distinguished by their level of development according to four technical standards: landscaped dirt road, rough dirt road, runway and natural terrain. Road counts are carried out twice a year on the national road network by the Road Maintenance Fund (FER) of the Ministry of Infrastructures for Access and Transport. The road network in Chad is very poor. On a projection of 6000 km on the national map financed by European Development Fund (FED), 2082 km only were bitumen in late 2014. The rest of the network is either made by laterite, gravel or simply stabilized sand. To facilitate the use of these roads, profiling operations are often undertaken during the dry season. Except in some rare cases, the capitals of regions are connected by tracks that are only accessible during the dry season. It is important to note that 2,000 km of tracks realized in the Interior of the country are cut off by the Ouadis and remain inaccessible for a period of 1 to 3 months depending on the location. On these roads rains-barriers are erected to regulate the traffic after the rains. Rural network The transport of agricultural products from villages to rural markets is generally carried out by rudimentary means of transport (man, animal, cart, rickshaw, tote). The precariousness of the tracks means that passenger road traffic in rural areas is low and transport is carried out by traditional means. On developed trails, mixed motorized transport is generally applied. Rural transport in Chad is centered around weekly markets. In each space, there may be a village or village community that has a market every day of the week. Each market will serve a group of villages that will visit this market once a week. Rural communities are usually within 30 km of the nearest market and transport their goods as well as their goods using Intermediate Transport Vehicles (MIT) and porterage. Merchants use motorized vehicles to travel between different markets at different days of the week to buy the products. Daily markets can be more than 50 km apart. The abundance of products in the markets means that goods can be easily amalgamated for transport by motorized services. The relative proximity of the markets means that villagers often use ITMs to transport the village to the market. Traffic on rural roads is generally very low except on market days. It is also very seasonal with a peak during the harvest season. LIST OF SECTIONS NATIONAL ROAD NETWORK: Liaison Km Réseau national permanent N'Djamena - Djermaya 27 Djermaya - Dandi - Karal 89 N'gueli - Walia - Farcha 27 N'Djamena - Mandalia 49 Mandalia - Kalgoa 44 Kalgoa - Guelengdeng 63 Page 4 Guelengdeng - Bongor - Ere 159 Ere - Kelo 50 Kelo - Moundou (entrée) et Traversée de Moundou 116 Djermaya - Massaguet 46 Massaguet - N'Goura 125 N'Goura - Bokoro 104 Bokoro - Arboutchatak 65 Arboutchatak - Bitkine 78 Bitkine - Mongo 59 Mongo - Mangalme 129 Mangalmé - Oum Hadjer 111 Oum Hadjer - Abéché 146 Massaguet - Massakory 68 Moundou - Koutéré (Ftière Cam.) 118 N'Djamena - Dourbali 100 Moundou - Doba 100 Doba - Koumra 88 Bretelle de Bédjondo 11 Koumra - Sahr 110 Sarh - Banda - Maro - Frontière RCA 125 Guelengdeng - Mogo 149 Kelo-Pala 104 Pala - Frtière Cam. 122 Massakory - Bol 181 Abeche - Ftière Soudan 174 Abeche - Biltine 92 Aboudeia - Mongo 121 Réseau national saisonnier Arada-Kalaït-Fada 372 Abeche - Am Zoer- Guéréda-Iriba-Tiné 295 Abeche - Goz Beida 211 Abou Deia - Am Timam 138 Ati - Mongo 154 Bitkine - Melfi 121 Page 5 Binder - Léré 53 Bokoro - N'Gama 61 Bongor - Ftière Cam. 7 Kélo - Gounou Gaya - Tikem 110 Djoumane - Laï -Gabri ngolo 108 Gabri ngolo - Doba 96 Ham - Fianga 72 Dourbali - Massenya 55 Fianga - Binder 85 Fianga - Pala 72 NGaboulo-Goundi 45 Goz Beida - Am Timan 208 Doba - Goré 100 Kelo - Laï 59 Kélo - Doher - Benoye -Moundou 125 Koumra - Moissala 74 Kouno - Nguere 96 Laï - Koumra 158 Mao - Mondo - N'Gouri 74 Mbaikoro - Gore - Békoninga 113 Mogo - Kouno 131 Ngoura - Ati - Oum Hadjer 405 Sahr - Banda 2574 Sahr - Kyabé 99 Ngouri - Mao 60 Aboudeia - Mangalmé 122 Amtiman - Haraze Mangueye 164 Kemdéré - Moïssala 127 Massakory - Moussoro 135 Distance Matrix Distances from Capital City to Major Towns (km) Ndjamena Ndjamena Ndjamena Ndjamena Ndjamena Ndjamena Ndjamena Ndjamena 450 Ati 900 Abeche Page 6 515 Moundou 782 Sarh 572 Doba 235 Bongor 1100 Faya 525 Mongo Time Travel Matrix Travel Time from Capital City to Major Towns (Hours / Days) Capital Ndjamena Ndjamena Ndjamena Ndjamena Ndjamena Ndjamena Ndjamena Ndjamena 5 hours Ati 1 day Abeche 6 hours Moundou 10 hours Sarh 7h15 Doba 2h30 Bongor 3 days Faya 6 hours Mongo Road Security According to UNDSS, road safety at the national level in the Republic of Chad is a serious matter.