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North and West Africa Acknowledgements the Subregional Factsheet Was Prepared by Marion De Vries

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North and West Africa Acknowledgements the Subregional Factsheet Was Prepared by Marion De Vries Subregional Report on Animal Genetic Resources: North and West Africa Acknowledgements The Subregional Factsheet was prepared by Marion De Vries. Subregional Priorities were compiled by Milan Zjalic. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product for educational or other non-commercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of material in this information product for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the copyright holders. Applications for such permission should be addressed to: Chief Electronic Publishing Policy and Support Branch Communication Division FAO Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy or by e-mail to: [email protected] © FAO 2007 Citation: FAO. 2007. Subregional report on animal genetic resources: North and West Africa. Annex to The State of the World’s Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rome. Contents Introduction 5 Part 1 Subregional factsheet: North and West Africa 7 1 Importance of livestock to subregion’s economy and food security 7 1.1 Poverty 10 1.2. Production and supply 12 1. Non-food related livestock functions 14 1.4 Imports and exports 15 1.5 Projected demand for livestock products 18 2 Livestock Production Systems 20 2.1 Overview 20 2.2 Roles and functions of livestock in North and West Africa 25 2. Projected changes in production systems 26 2.4 Impact of production system trends on animal genetic resources 27 3 Animal genetic resources 28 .1 Status 28 .2 Threats to animal genetic resources in North and West Africa 4 . Unique resources highlighted 4 References 35 Annex 37 Part 2 Subregional priorities: North and West Africa 39 1 Inventory and characterization 39 2 Sustainable utilization and development 40 3 Conservation of animal genetic resources 42 4 Policies, institutions and capacity building 45 TABLES 1. Land area and population 8 2. GDP and the economic contribution of agriculture 9 3. Land use 10 4. Poverty rates by country 11 5. Food supply situation by country 13 6. Net importers and exporters for primary livestock products and live animals in 2004 16 7. Livestock numbers, meat and milk production: past and projected annual growth rates for North and West Africa 19 8. Resource base, production and productivity of the different production systems found in North and West Africa 24 9. Classification of traditional ruminant production systems in sub-Saharan Africa 25 10. Total population size and number of breeds of the major livestock species in North and West Africa and their share of the world total 28 11. Transboundary mammalian and avian breeds in North and West Africa 28 FIGURES 1. Total production of meat, milk and eggs in North and West Africa, 1995–2005 12 2. Total imports and exports of live animals and primary livestock products in North and West Africa, 1994–2004 16 3. Total exports of live animals and primary livestock products in North and West Africa, 1994–2004 17 4. Total imports of live animals and primary livestock products in North and West Africa, 1994–2004 18 5. Past and projected total meat, milk and egg production in North and West Africa 20 6. Production systems in Africa 21 7. Tsetse fly distribution – predicted areas of suitability in Africa 23 8. Risk status of mammalian breeds recorded in North and West Africa up to December 2005: absolute (table) and relative (chart) figures 30 9. Risk status of avian breeds recorded in North and West Africa up to December 2005: absolute (table) and relative (chart) figures 31 10. Population data status and index for mammalian breeds recorded by countries of the North and West Africa subregion up to December 2005 32 11. Population data status and index for avian breeds recorded by countries of the North and West Africa subregion up to December 2005 33 4 Introduction his document is one of a set of subregional and regional reports prepared as part of the Annex to The State of the World’s Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. It consists of two T sections: • a factsheet; and • a synthesis of priorities. The factsheet is a compilation of background material on the significance of livestock to the subregion’s economy and food security; the characteristics, distribution, and relative significance of the various livestock production systems; and the characteristics of animal genetic resources. The priorities presented in this report are based on the outcome of consultations held at the subregional level to review a draft report on strategic priorities for action, which had been prepared by FAO as a global-level synthesis of priorities identified in the Country Reports submitted as part of State of the World process. The consultations, which were held during the final quarter of 2005, took the form of e-mail conferences and/or physical meetings, and provided an opportunity for country representatives, from both technical and policy backgrounds, to identify priorities and to further strategies for cooperation. 5 PART 1 Subregional factsheet: North and West Africa For the purposes of this report, the countries of the North and West Africa subregion include Algeria, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, Tunisia and Western Sahara. The countries in the subregion are located between latitudes 38° north and 13° south and longitudes 31° east and 26° west, and cover 14.3 million km2 of land area. The subregion is home to over 413 million people, equal to 6 percent of the world’s total human population. Climates range from arid (the Sahara covers a significant part of the subregion) to tropical hot and humid. A summary of general information for this subregion can be found in Tables 1 to 3. Nigeria, with almost one third of the total, has the highest population in the subregion, followed by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Algeria and Morocco. Between 1993 and 2003 the population of the subregion increased by 27 percent, with the steepest increase during this period being in Liberia. Population densities in the subregion are rather low – on average only 29 inhabitants per km2 of land. Coastal areas are more densely populated. Nigeria is noted as one of the most populous developing countries. In contrast, countries such as Mauritania, Gabon, Chad and the Central African Republic, are among the least densely populated parts of Africa (FAOSTAT). 1 Importance of livestock to subregion’s economy and food security Agriculture plays a leading role as a source of income for almost 200 million people in North and West Africa. Among the countries of the subregion, the proportion of the population dependent for their livelihood on agriculture varies substantially from approximately 20 percent in Cape Verde to 92 percent in Burkina Faso (FAOSTAT). In line with this, the economic output of agriculture also differs substantially across the subregion. The economic contribution of agriculture to gross domestic product (GDP) ranges from only 6 percent in the Congo to 71 percent in agriculture-oriented Guinea-Bissau (World Bank Data). Like the contribution of agriculture, the contribution of livestock to the economy differs considerably among the countries of the subregion. For example, in Mauritania livestock contributes approximately 75 percent to the agricultural GDP (CR Mauritania, 2005), while in the Congo livestock accounts for only 5 percent of the agricultural GDP (CR Congo, 2003). The North and West African livestock sector generally shows poor productivity, and the availability of food of animal origin for human consumption is low. Projections for the livestock market in North and West Africa show a large increase in demand for livestock products, resulting from population growth. The North and West African population is expected to increase by approximately 120 percent within the next 45 years (UNFPA, 2005). 7 THE STATE OF THE WORLD'S ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE NOrtH and WEST AFRICA TABLE 1 Land area and population Land area Population 2004 Population Projected population (1 000 km2) (million) density growth rate (%) (km-2) 2005–2015 Algeria 2 382 32 14 1 Benin 111 7 63 3 Burkina Faso 274 13 49 3 Cameroon 465 16 35 2 Cape Verde 4 0 117 2 Central African Republic 623 4 6 1 Chad 1 259 9 7 3 Congo 342 4 11 3 Côte d’Ivoire 318 17 53 2 Democratic Republic of the Congo 2 267 54 24 3 Equatorial Guinea 28 1 18 2 Gabon 258 1 5 1 Gambia 10 1 146 2 Ghana 228 21 94 2 Guinea 246 9 35 2 Guinea-Bissau 28 2 55 3 Liberia 96 3 36 3 Mali 1 220 13 11 3 Mauritania 1 025 3 3 3 Morocco 446 31 70 1 Niger 1 267 12 10 3 Nigeria 911 127 140 2 Sao Tome and Principe 1 0 172 2 Senegal 193 10 54 2 Sierra Leone 72 5 72 2 Togo 54 5 92 2 Tunisia 155 10 64 1 Total 14 282 413 29 2 Data from UN and FAO statistics.
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