! ! !!!!!!!!
Proposed!AR!VCS!Methodology!! Afforestation/Reforestation!of!Agricultural!Lands! Version!2!"!July!2009! !
Table!of!Contents:!
I.!RESOURCES,!DEFINITIONS!AND!APPLICABILITY!...... !3! 1.!Resources!...... !3! 2.!Selected!Baseline!Approach!...... !4! 3.!Definitions!...... !5! 4.!Applicability!...... !5! II.!METHODOLOGY!PROCEDURE!...... !5! Step!1.!Project!boundary!and!eligibility!of!land!...... !5! Step!2.!Carbon!Pools!...... !6! Step!4.!Identification!of!the!baseline!scenario!and!additionality!...... !7! Step!5.!Stratification!...... !7! Step!6.!Baseline!Net!GHG!Removals!by!Sinks!...... !8! Step!7.!Ex!ante!estimation!of!net!GHG!emission!reductions!...... !11! Step!8.!Project!net!GHG!removals!by!sinks!...... !13! Step!9.!Leakage!...... !17! Step!10.!Net!Anthropogenic!GHG!Removals!by!Sinks!...... !19! III.!MONITORING!PLAN!...... !25! 1.!Monitoring!of!Project!Implementation!...... !25! 2.!Monitoring!of!actual!carbon!stock!changes!and!greenhouse!gas!emissions!...... !26! 3.!Monitoring!of!leakage!...... !27! 4.!Ex"post!net!anthropogenic!greenhouse!gas!emission!removals...... !27! 5.!Calculation!of!VCUs!...... !27! IV.!DATA!AND!PARAMETERS!...... !27! 1.!Data!and!Parameters!that!are!monitored!(measured!more!than!one!time)!...... !27! 2.!Data!and!Parameters!originating!from!modules!or!tools!...... !28! V.!REFERENCES!AND!ANY!OTHER!INFORMATION.!...... !34!
!!! Proposed!VCS!AR!Methodology!–!AR!of!Agricultural!Lands!V2!–!2! !
VI.!ANNEX!–!Modules!...... !35! CP"AG!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in!the!aboveground!biomass!pool!in! project!activities!...... !36! CP"BG!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in!the!belowground!biomass!pool!..!56! CP"D!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in!the!dead!wood!pool!...... !75! CP"L!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!in!the!litter!pool!...... !86! CP"S!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!in!the!soil!organic!carbon!pool!...... !90! LK"FW!Estimation!of!GHG!emission!related!to!displacement!of!fuel"wood!...... !95! LK"ASA!Estimating!activity!shifting!leakage!of!large"scale!agricultural!production!...... !104! LK"ASsA!Estimating!activity!shifting!leakage!due!to!small!holder!cropland!production!...... !135!
!!! Proposed!VCS!AR!Methodology!–!AR!of!Agricultural!Lands!V2!–!3! !
I.!RESOURCES,!DEFINITIONS!AND!APPLICABILITY! This!AR!Methodology!Framework!provides!guidance!for!constructing!methodologies!for!AR!project! activities!compliant!with!the!validation!and!verification!requirements!of!the!VCS.!By!using!this! document,!a!AR!methodology!can!be!constructed!based!on!a!set!of!pre"defined!VCS"approved!modules.! The!resulting!methodology!will!be!VCS"approved!without!the!requirement!of!a!methodology!validation.!
1.!Resources! This!methodology!uses!a!grouping!of!VCS!tools,!guidance!documents,!and!modules.!
(Note!to!reviewer:! This!methodology!is!based!on!elements!from!a!number!of!approved!CDM!AR!methodologies.!For!ease!of! review!all!text!directly!taken!from!another!methodology!is!colored!as!follows:! AR"ACM0001!“Reforestation!or!afforestation!of!land!currently!under!agriculture!"!V3”:!Green! AR"AM0004!“Reforestation!or!afforestation!of!land!currently!under!agricultural!use!"!V!3”:!Orange! AR"AM!0005!“Afforestation!and!reforestation!project!activities!implemented!for!industrial!and/or! commercial!uses!"!V3”:!Purple! AR"AM0007!“Afforestation!and!Reforestation!of!Land!Currently!Under!Agricultural!or!Pastoral!Use!"!V4”:! Red! The!carbon!pool!modules!are!based!on!text!from!the!AD!Partners!‘REDD!Methodology!Framework’.!This! framework!is!currently!under!review!by!TUV"SUD.!Text!in!the!modules!based!on!this!framework!is!in!blue.! This!methodology!can!be!viewed!at:! http://www.netinform.de/KE/Wegweiser/Guide2.aspx?ID=6141&Ebene1_ID=49&Ebene2_ID=1978&mod e=4! Once!review!has!been!completed!the!color!coding!will!be!removed)!! Tools:! This!methodology!refers!to!the!latest!approved!versions!of!the!following!tools:! ! The!UNFCCC!tool!for!“Procedures!to!demonstrate!the!eligibility!of!lands!for!afforestation! and!reforestation!CDM!Project!Activities.”! ! The!UNFCCC!tool!for!“Combined!tool!to!identify!the!baseline!scenario!and!demonstrate! the!additionality!in!A/R!CDM!project!activities”! ! The!UNFCCC!tool!for!“Estimation!of!GHG!emissions!from!clearing,!burning!and!decay!of! existing!vegetation!due!to!implementation!of!a!CDM!A/R!project!activity”.! ! The!UNFCCC!tool!for!“Estimation!of!GHG!emissions!related!to!displacement!of!grazing! activities!in!A/R!CDM!project!activity”.! ! The!UNFCCC!tool!for!“Procedure!to!determine!when!accounting!of!the!soil!organic! carbon!pool!may!be!conservatively!neglected!in!A/R!CDM!project!activities”! ! The!UNFCCC!tool!for!the!“Calculation!of!the!number!of!sample!plots!for!measurements! within!A/R!CDM!project!activities”!
!!! Proposed!VCS!AR!Methodology!–!AR!of!Agricultural!Lands!V2!–!4! !
! The!UNFCCC!tool!for!“Tool!for!testing!significance!of!GHG!emissions!in!A/R!CDM!project! activities”! ! The!UNFCCC!tool!for!“Estimation!of!changes!in!the!carbon!stocks!of!existing!trees!and! shrubs!within!the!boundary!of!an!A/R!CDM!project!activity”! All!the!above"mentioned!tools!are!available!at:!http://cdm.unfccc.int/Reference/tools!
Guidance!documents:! This!methodology!refers!to!the!latest!approved!versions!of!the!guidance!documents:! ! The!UNFCCC!Guidance!for!!“Guidance!on!the!application!of!the!definition!of!project! boundary!to!A/R!CDM!project!activities”! ! The!UNFCCC!Guidance!for!“Guidance!on!conditions!under!which!the!change!in!carbon! stocks!in!existing!live!woody!vegetation!can!be!considered!insignificant”! ! The!UNFCCC!Guidance!for!“Guidelines!on!conservative!choice!of!data!when!estimating! biomass!stocks!and!change”! ! The!UNFCCC!Guidance!for!“Guidelines!and!guidance!for!choice!of!data!when! estimating!biomass!stocks!and!change”! ! ! All!the!above"mentioned!guidance!documents!are!available!at:!http://cdm.unfccc.int/Reference/tools Modules:! This!methodology!refers!to!the!following!A/R!Modules:! Carbon!Pool!Modules:! ! CP"AG!AR!Methodological!Module:!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon! stocks!in!the!aboveground!tree!biomass!pool! ! CP"BG!AR!Methodological!Module:!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon! stocks!in!the!belowground!tree!biomass!pool! ! CP"D!AR!Methodological!Module:!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon! stocks!in!the!dead!wood!pool! ! CP"L!AR!Methodological!Module:!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon! stocks!in!the!litter!pool! ! CP"S!AR!Methodological!Module:!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon! stocks!in!the!soil!pool! ! CP"WP!AR!Methodological!Module:!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon! stocks!in!the!wood!products!pool! Leakage!Modules! ! LK"ASA!AR!Module:!“Estimation!of!GHG!emissions!related!to!displacement!of! agricultural!activities”! ! LK"ASsA!AR!Module:!“Estimation!of!GHG!emissions!related!to!displacement!of!small" holder!agricultural!activities”! ! LK"FW!AR!Module:!“Estimation!of!GHG!emissions!related!to!displacement!of!fuel"wood! production” 2.!Selected!Baseline!Approach! “Changes!in!carbon!stocks!in!the!pools!within!the!project!boundary!from!the!most!likely!land!use!at!the! time!the!project!starts”!
!!! Proposed!VCS!AR!Methodology!–!AR!of!Agricultural!Lands!V2!–!5! ! 3.!Definitions! ! Commercial!agriculture.!The!production!of!crops!for!sale.!Crops!grown!and!processed!using! mechanized!farming!equipment! ! Tree:!A!perennial!woody!plant!with!a!diameter!at!breast!height!>!5!cm!and!a!height!greater!than!1.3!m.! ! List!of!acronyms! A/R!! Afforestation/Reforestation!(under!CDM)! AFOLU!Guidelines! Agriculture,!Forestry!and!Other!Land!Uses!section!of!Guidelines!for!National! Greenhouse!Gas!Inventories!2006.! CDM! Clean!Development!Mechanism! GPG!LULUCF!! Intergovernmental!Panel!on!Climate!Change’s!Good!Practice!Guidance!for!Land" Use!Land!Use!Change!and!Forestry! PDD! Project!Description!Document! VCS!! Voluntary!carbon!standard!! VCU! Voluntary!carbon!units!(units!of!credit!under!VCS)!
4.!Applicability! This!methodology!is!applicable!to!the!following!categories!of!project!activities:! ! The!project!activity!can!lead!to!a!shift!of!pre"project!activities!outside!the!project!boundary,!e.g.! a!displacement!of!agricultural,!pastoral,!and!fuel"wood!activities;! ! Flooding!irrigation!is!not!part!of!the!project!activity! ! If!at!least!a!part!of!the!project!activity!is!implemented!on!organic!soils,!drainage!of!these!soils!is! not!allowed!and!not!more!than!10%!of!their!area!may!be!disturbed!as!result!of!soil!preparation! for!planting;! ! The!use!of!a!Geographical!Information!System!(GIS)!platform!and!the!use!of!Global!Positioning! System!receivers!are!recommended.! ! The!number!of!naturally!regenerating!trees!and/or!shrubs!in!the!project!lands!in!the!baseline!is! insignificant1.!
II.!METHODOLOGY!PROCEDURE!
Step!1.!Project!boundary!and!eligibility!of!land! The!“project!boundary”!geographically!delineates!the!afforestation!or!reforestation!project!activity! under!the!control!of!the!project!participants.!The!A/R!CDM!project!activity!may!contain!more!than!one! discrete!area!of!land.!!
Project!participants!shall!apply!the!latest!version!of!the!tool:!“Procedures!to!demonstrate!the!eligibility! of!lands!for!afforestation!and!reforestation!CDM!Project!Activities”2.!However,!according!to!Voluntary! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 1 To show insignificance use guidance in the latest approved UNFCCC tool: “Estimation of changes in the carbon stocks of existing trees and shrubs within the boundary of an A/R CDM project activity”.
2 http://cdm.unfccc.int/Reference/tools
!!! Proposed!VCS!AR!Methodology!–!AR!of!Agricultural!Lands!V2!–!6! !
Carbon!Standard!regulations,!the!text!‘land!on!31!December!1989’!shall!be!replaced!with:!‘land!for!a! minimum!of!ten!years!prior!to!the!project!start!date’.!It!shall!be!demonstrated!that!each!discrete!area!of! land!to!be!included!in!the!boundary!is!eligible!for!an!A/R!VCS!project!activity.!!
The!latest!version!of!“Guidance!on!the!application!of!the!definition!of!project!boundary!to!A/R!project! activities”3!may!be!applied!in!identification!of!areas!of!land!planned!for!an!A/R!project!activity.!
Step!2.!Carbon!Pools! The!carbon!pools!included!in!or!excluded!from!the!project!boundary!are!shown!in!Table!1.!
Table!1!Selected!carbon!pools!
Selected!! Carbon!pools! (Yes!or!No)! Justification!/!Explanation!of!choice! Above"ground!biomass! Yes! Major!carbon!pool!subjected!to!the!project! activity! Below"ground!biomass! Yes!(alternatively! Below"ground!biomass!stock!is!expected!to! No)! increase!due!to!the!implementation!of!the!A/R! CDM!project!activity.!Below"ground!biomass! stocks!can!be!conservatively!neglected.! Dead!wood! Yes!(alternatively! This!stock!may!increase!(when!compared!to! No)! baseline)!due!to!implementation!of!the!project! activity.!The!methodology!provides!an! approach!for!accounting!for!this!pool!but!also! allows!for!the!exclusion!of!the!deadwood! carbon!pool!if!transparent!and!verifiable! information!can!be!provided!that!carbon! stocks!in!litter!in!the!baseline!scenario!can!be! expected!to!decrease!more!or!increase!less,! relative!to!the!project!scenario! Litter! Yes!(alternatively! This!stock!may!increase!(when!compared!to! No)! baseline)!due!to!implementation!of!the!project! activity.!The!methodology!provides!an! approach!for!accounting!for!this!pool!but!also! allows!for!the!exclusion!of!the!litter!carbon! pool!if!transparent!and!verifiable!information! can!be!provided!that!carbon!stocks!in!litter!in! the!baseline!scenario!can!be!expected!to! decrease!more!or!increase!less,!relative!to!the! project!scenario! Soil!organic!carbon! Yes!(alternatively! SOC!may!increase!(when!compared!to! No)! baseline)!due!to!implementation!of!the!project!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 3 http://cdm.unfccc.int/Reference/Guidclarif
!!! Proposed!VCS!AR!Methodology!–!AR!of!Agricultural!Lands!V2!–!7! !
Selected!! Carbon!pools! (Yes!or!No)! Justification!/!Explanation!of!choice! activity.!The!methodology!provides!an! approach!for!accounting!for!this!pool,!but!also! allows!for!the!exclusion!of!the!soil!organic! matter!pool!if!transparent!and!verifiable! information!can!be!provided!that!carbon! stocks!in!litter!in!the!baseline!scenario!can!be! expected!to!decrease!more!or!increase!less,! relative!to!the!project!scenario.!The!latter! condition!is!obeyed!when!the!latest!version!of! the!“Procedure!to!determine!when!accounting! of!the!soil!organic!carbon!pool!may!be! conservatively!neglected!in!A/R!CDM!project! activities”!allows!for!the!conservative! neglecting!of!accounting!of!the!soil!organic! carbon!pool!in!areas!of!land!of!the!project! activity.! Wood!products! Yes! This!stock!may!increase!(when!compared!to! (alternatively!No)! baseline)!due!to!implementation!of!the!project! activity.!The!methodology!provides!an! approach!for!accounting!for!this!pool,!but!can! be!conservatively!be!neglected.! Table!2!Emissions!sources!included!in!the!project!boundary! Included!/! Sources! Gas! Excluded! Justification!/!Explanation!of!choice!
Burning!of!biomass! CO2! Excluded! However,!carbon!stock!decreases!due!to! burning!are!accounted!as!a!carbon!stock! change!
CH4! Included! Non"CO2!gas!emitted!from!biomass! burning!
N2O! Excluded! Potential!emissions!are!negligibly!small! Step!4.!Identification!of!the!baseline!scenario!and!additionality! Project!participants!shall!use!the!most!recent!version!of!the!“Combined!tool!to!identify!the!baseline! scenario!and!demonstrate!the!additionality!in!the!A/R!CDM!project!activities”!or!similar!tool!under!the! Voluntary!Carbon!Standards!if!developed!and!approved!by!the!VCS.!
Step!5.!Stratification! If!the!project!activity!area!is!not!homogeneous,!stratification!should!be!carried!out!to!improve!the! accuracy!and!precision!of!biomass!estimates.!Different!stratifications!may!be!required!for!the!baseline! and!project!scenarios!in!order!to!achieve!optimal!accuracy!of!the!estimates!of!net!GHG!removal!by!sinks.!
!!! Proposed!VCS!AR!Methodology!–!AR!of!Agricultural!Lands!V2!–!8! !
For!estimation!of!baseline!net!GHG!removals!by!sinks,!or!estimation!of!project!net!GHG!removals!by! sinks,!strata!should!be!defined!by!either!the!below!text!or!using!procedures!to!stratify!lands!for!A/R! project!activities!when!developed!and!approved!by!the!CDM!EB!or!Voluntary!Carbon!Standard.!
For!estimation!of!baseline!net!GHG!removals!by!sinks,!or!estimation!of!actual!net!GHG!removals! by!sinks,!strata!should!be!defined!on!the!basis!of!parameters!that!are!key!entry!variables!in!any! method!(e.g.,!growth!models,!or!yield!curves/tables)!used!to!estimate!changes!in!biomass!stocks.!
! For!baseline!net!GHG!removals!by!sinks.!It!will!usually!be!sufficient!to!stratify!according!to!area! of!major!vegetation!as!types!because!baseline!removals!for!degraded!(or!degrading)!land!are! expected!to!be!small!in!comparison!to!project!removals.! ! ! For!actual!net!GHG!removals!by!sinks.!The!ex!ante!estimations!shall!be!based!on!the!project! planting/management!plan.!The!ex!post!stratification!shall!be!based!on!the!actual! implementation!of!the!project!planting/management!plan.!The!ex!post!stratification!may!be! affected!by!natural!or!anthropogenic!impacts!if!they!are!able!to!add!variability!to!growth!pattern! in!the!project!area,!e.g.,!local!fires.! ! Further!subdivision!of!the!project!strata!to!represent!spatial!variation!in!the!distribution!of!baseline!or! project!biomass!stocks/removals!is!not!usually!warranted.!However,!parameters!factors!impacting! growth!(e.g.,!soil!type)!might!be!useful!for!ex!post!stratification!if!their!variability!in!the!project!area!is! large.! ! Ex!post!adjustments!of!the!strata!may!be!needed!if!unexpected!disturbances!occur!during!the!crediting! period!(e.g.,!due!to!fire,!pests!or!disease!outbreaks),!severely!affecting!different!parts!of!an!originally! homogeneous!stratum!or!stand,!or!when!forest!management!(planting,!thinning!harvesting,!replanting)! occurs!at!different!intensities,!dates!and!spatial!locations!than!originally!planned.!In!such!a!situation!the! project!area!affected!by!the!disturbance!and/or!variation!in!forest!management!may!be!delineated!as!a! separate!stratum!for!the!purpose!of!monitoring!the!carbon!stock!changes.!! !
!
Step!6.!Baseline!Net!GHG!Removals!by!Sinks! Changes!in!the!carbon!stock!of!above"ground!and!below"ground!biomass!of!non"woody!vegetation!may! conservatively!assumed!to!be!zero!for!all!strata!in!the!baseline!scenario.!
It!is!expected!that!the!baseline!dead!wood!and!litter!carbon!pools!will!not!show!a!permanent!net! increase.!It!is!therefore!conservative!to!assume!that!the!sum!of!the!changes!in!the!carbon!stocks!of!dead! wood!and!litter!carbon!pools!is!zero!for!all!strata!in!the!baseline!scenario.!Changes!in!carbon!stock!in!soil! organic!carbon!may!be!conservatively!assumed!to!be!zero!for!all!strata!in!the!baseline!scenario.!!
Therefore,!the!baseline!net!GHG!Removals!by!sinks!will!be!determined!as:!
!!! Proposed!VCS!AR!Methodology!–!AR!of!Agricultural!Lands!V2!–!9! !
"#" CC (1)! BSL woody ,exist !!!!!!!!!! ! Where:!!
#CBSL! =! Carbon!stock!changes!in!all!selected!carbon!pools;!t!CO2"e!!
#Cwoody,exist! =! Carbon!stock!changes!in!existing!wood!vegetation!(trees!and!shrubs);!t!CO2"e!
6.1!Estimation!of!baseline!changes!in!the!carbon!stocks! t "C woody ,exist $ "# C woody exist ,, t (2)! t#1 !!!!!!!!! !
M S (3) "C woody exist ,, t $$"# C woody exist ,,,, tij i##11j !!!!!!!! ! where:!
#Cwoody,exist! =! Carbon!stock!changes!in!existing!wood!vegetation!(trees!and!shrubs);!t!CO2"e!
#Cwoody,exist,t! =! Carbon! stock! changes! in! existing! wood! vegetation! (trees! and! shrubs),! at! time! t;! t!
CO2"e!
#Cwoody,exist,j,i,t! =! Carbon!stock!changes!in!existing!wood!vegetation!(trees!and!shrubs)!for!stratum!
i,!species!j,!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e!
i! =! 1,!2,3,!…M!baseline!strata!!
j! =! 1,!2,3,!…S!tree!species!!
t! =! 1,!2,3,!…t!years!elapsed!since!start!of!project!activity!!
To!calculate!#Cwoody,exist,j,i,t!!please!use!the!latest!version!of!the!UNFCCC!CDM!A/R!tool:!“Estimation!of! changes!in!the!carbon!stocks!of!existing!trees!and!shrubs!within!the!boundary!of!an!A/R!project!activity”.! This!uses!the!UNFCCC!guidance!documents:!“Guidance!on!conditions!under!which!the!change!in!carbon! stocks!in!existing!live!woody!vegetation!need!be!accounted”!and!“Guidelines!and!guidance!for!choice!of! data!when!estimating!biomass!stocks!and!change”.!
Please!note!that!the!area!of!the!stratum!is!included!in!the!parameter!#Cwoody,exist,j,i,t!resulting!from!the! above!tool.!
6.2!Steady!state!under!the!baseline!conditions! !
!!! Proposed!VCS!AR!Methodology!–!AR!of!Agricultural!Lands!V2!–!10! !
The!baseline!net!GHG!removals!by!sinks,!if!greater!than!zero,!shall!be!estimated!as!per!approach! provided!in!“Section!6.1!Estimation!of!baseline!changes!in!carbon!stocks”!until!steady!state!is!reached! under!the!baseline!conditions.!Under!steady!state:! ! #!C!BSL!=!0!! ! Project!participants!may,!on!a!project!specific!basis,!assess!when!a!steady!state!is!reached!during!the! crediting!period.!This!shall!be!estimated!on!the!basis!of!transparent!and!verifiable!information! originating!as!appropriate!from!available!literature,!data!from!comparable!areas,!from!field! measurements!in!the!planned!project!area,!or!from!other!sources!relevant!to!the!baseline! circumstances.!If!no!data!is!available,!a!default!period!of!20!years!since!commencement!of!the!CDM! project!activity!will!be!applied.!
6.3!Assess!uncertainty!in!the!baseline!GHG!changes! Uncertainty!should!be!expressed!as!the!90%!confidence!interval!as!a!percentage!of!the!mean.!
%&U * 2 ' %&%UA * A 2 ... ' ... U * A &2 Uncertaint y # woody exist ,1,1,, titi woody exist ,2,2,, titi woody exist iM ,,, t iM ,t (4)! woody, exist, t '' ..... AAA ,2,1 titi iM ,t !!
!
2 2 %&U woody exist ,,1,, tij *"Cwoody exist ,,1,, tij ' %U woody exist ,,2,, tij *"Cwoody exist ,,2,, tij & ... 2 ' ...%&U woody exist jS ,,,, ti *"Cwoody exist jS ,,,, ti U # (5)! woody,exist,i,t "C "' C ... .."' C woody exist ,,1,, tij woody exist ,,2,, tij woody exist jS ,,,, ti !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
UncertaintyBSL = Uncertaintywoody,exist,t (6)
!
Where:!
Uncertaintywoody,exist,t!=! Percentage!uncertainty!in!the!baseline!carbon!stock!changes!in!selected!pools,! at!time!t;!%!!
UncertaintyBSL!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!=! Percentage!uncertainty!in!the!carbon!stock!changes!in!existing!wood!vegetation,! at!time!t;!%!!
Uwoody,exist,i,t!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!=! Percentage!uncertainty!in!the!carbon!stock!changes!in!existing!wood!vegetation! for!stratum!i,!at!time!t;!%!!
#Cwoody,exist,t!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!=! Carbon!stock!changes!in!existing!wood!vegetation!(trees!and!shrubs),!at!time!t;!t!
CO2"e!
!!! Proposed!VCS!AR!Methodology!–!AR!of!Agricultural!Lands!V2!–!11! !
#Cwoody,exist,j,I,t!!!!!!!!!!!!!=! Carbon!stock!changes!in!existing!wood!vegetation!(trees!and!shrubs)!for!stratum!
i,!species!j,!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e!
Uwoody,exist,j,i,t!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!=! Percentage!uncertainty!in!the!carbon!stock!changes!in!existing!wood!vegetation! for!stratum!i,!species!j,!at!time!t;!%!!
i! !!!!!!!!!!=! 1,!2,3,!…M!baseline!strata!!
j!!=! 1,!2,3,!…S!tree!species!!
t!!=! 1,!2,3,!…t!years!elapsed!since!start!of!project!activity!!
Step!7.!Ex!ante!estimation!of!net!GHG!emission!reductions! Under!the!VCS!standard,!the!project!proponents!shall!present!a!conservative!ex"ante!estimation!of!net! anthropogenic!GHG!emission!reductions!resulting!from!the!AR!activity.!
Step!7.1!Determine!significant!GHG!emissions! Use!the!UNFCCC!“Tool!for!testing!significance!of!GHG!emissions!in!A/R!CDM!project!activities”!to!test! the!significance!of!all!GHG!emissions!by!sources!attributable!to!A/R!CDM!project!activity!(project! emissions!and!leakage).!
This!tool!has!two!main!functions:!a)!To!determine!which!decreases!in!carbon!pools,!and!increases!in! emissions!of!the!greenhouse!gases!measured!in!CO2!equivalents!that!result!from!the!implementation!of! the!A/R!project!activity,!are!insignificant!and!can!be!neglected.!b)!To!ensure!that!it!is!valid!to!neglect! decreases!in!carbon!pools!and!increases!in!GHG!emissions!by!sources!stated!as!being!insignificant!in!the! applicability!conditions!of!an!A/R!CDM!methodology.!!
Step!7.2!Ex!ante!estimation!of!net!GHG!removals!under!project!scenario! Project!participants!shall!conduct!ex!ante!calculation!of!the!net!anthropogenic!GHG!removals!by!sinks.! To!create!these!estimates!project!participants!shall!use!the!steps!and!equations!provided!in!Step!8.! When!applying!these!equations!for!the!ex!ante!calculation!of!net!anthropogenic!GHG!removals!by!sinks,! project!participants!shall!provide!estimates!of!the!values!of!those!parameters!that!are!not!available! before!the!start!of!the!crediting!period!and!commencement!of!the!monitoring!activities.!Project! participants!should!retain!a!conservative!approach!in!making!these!estimates.!!
Step!7.3!Ex!ante!estimation!of!leakage! Project!participants!shall!conduct!ex!ante!calculation!of!GHG!emissions!resulting!from!project!induced! leakage.!To!create!these!estimates!project!participants!shall!use!the!steps!and!equations!provided!in! Step!9.!When!applying!these!equations!for!the!ex!ante!calculation,!project!participants!shall!provide! estimates!of!the!values!of!those!parameters!that!are!not!available!before!the!start!of!the!crediting! period!and!commencement!of!the!monitoring!activities.!Project!participants!should!retain!a! conservative!approach!in!making!these!estimates.!
!!! Proposed!VCS!AR!Methodology!–!AR!of!Agricultural!Lands!V2!–!12! !
Step!7.4!Ex!ante!estimation!of!net!anthropogenic!GHG!removals!by!sinks! The!net!anthropogenic!GHG!removals!by!sinks!is!the!actual!net!GHG!removals!by!sinks!minus!the! baseline!net!GHG!removals!by!sinks!minus!leakage.!! Since!the!baseline!net!GHG!removals!are!determined!at!the!start!of!the!project,!the!baseline!net!GHG! removals!by!sinks!estimations!calculated!in!Step!6!will!be!used!for!both!ex!ante!net!GHG!removal! estimates!and!during!future!project!monitoring!events.!
C (VCSAR exante ,, t "# C C actual exante ,,_ t C BSL ,t ("( LK exante ,t !!!!! (7)!
Uncertaint y # Uncertaint y 2 'Uncertaint y 2..' ..Uncertaint y 2 (8)! (VCSAR ,exantet BSL,t C Actual,_ exante LK exante,, t ! where:!
CAR"VCS,exante,t! Ex!ante!estimation!of!net!anthropogenic!greenhouse!gas!removals!by!sinks,!at!
time!t;!t!CO2"e!
#CC_Actual,exante,t! Ex!ante!estimation!of!net!greenhouse!gas!removals!by!sinks!under!the!project!
scenario,!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e!
#CBSL,t! Baseline!net!greenhouse!gas!removals!by!sinks,!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e!
LK,exante,t! Ex!ante!estimation!of!GHG!emissions!due!to!leakage,!at!time!t;!t!CO2–e! t!!! 1,2,3,!..t!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!the!A/R!CDM!project!activity!
UncertaintyBSL,t!!!! Ex!ante!estimation!of!uncertainty!in!baseline!net!GHG!changes,!at!time!t;!%!
UncertaintyC_Actual,ex!ante,t!!Ex!ante!estimation!of!uncertainty!in!actual!net!GHG!removals!by!sinks,!at!time!t;! %!
UncertaintyLK,t!! !! Ex!ante!estimation!of!uncertainty!in!leakage,!at!time!t;!%!
Step!7.5!Ex!ante!estimation!of!VCUs! To!create!an!ex!ante!estimate!the!amount!of!VCUs!that!may!be!issued!this!methodology!uses!the! following!equation:!
VCUsexamte # %CAR(VCS exantet2,, (CAR(VCS exantet1,, &( BRRexante!!!! (9)! where:!
VCUsexante! Ex!ante!estimation!of!number!of!Voluntary!Carbon!Units!
CAR"VCS,exante,t2! Ex!ante!estimation!of!net!anthropogenic!greenhouse!gas!removals!by!sinks,!as! * estimated!for!t =t2;!t!CO2"e!
CAR"VCS,exante,t1! Ex!ante!estimation!of!net!anthropogenic!greenhouse!gas!removals!by!sinks,!as! * estimated!for!t =t1;!t!CO2"e!
!!! Proposed!VCS!AR!Methodology!–!AR!of!Agricultural!Lands!V2!–!13! !
BRR! Ex!ante!estimation!of!portion!of!carbon!credits!to!be!withheld!as!a!buffer! reserve!(to!be!determined!by!verifier)! As!stated!in!the!VCS!Tool!for!AFOLU!Methodological!Issues,!the!maximum!number!of!carbon!credits!to! be!assigned!to!the!project!shall!not!exceed!the!project’s!net!carbon!stock!benefits!averaged!across! project!activities!during!the!project!crediting!period,!adjusted!for!project!emissions!of!CO2,!N2O!and!CH4,! and!leakage.!The!timing!of!verifications!shall!be!chosen!such!that!a!systematic!coincidence!of!verification! and!peaks!in!carbon!stocks!is!avoided.!
Step!8.!Project!net!GHG!removals!by!sinks! The! net! greenhouse! gas! removals! by! sinks! as! a! result! of! the! project! shall! be! estimated! using! the! equations!in!this!section.!! Changes!in!the!carbon!stock!of!above"ground!and!below"ground!biomass!of!non"woody!vegetation!may! be!conservatively!assumed!to!be!zero!for!all!strata!in!the!project!scenario.!
CACTUAL!=!#CP!!"!GHGE!!!!!!!!!! (10)!
Uncerta int y # Uncerta int y 2 ' Uncerta int y 2 (11)! C Actual ,_ t CP ,t GHG ,_ tE !!!
Where:!!
CACTUAL!! =! actual!net!greenhouse!gas!removals!by!sinks;!tonnes!CO2"e!!
#CP,!! =! sum!of!the!changes!in!above"ground!and!belowground!biomass,!dead!wood,!litter,!!
and!soil!organic!carbon!stocks!in!the!project!scenario;!tonnes!CO2"e!!
GHGE!! =! Increase!in!GHG!emissions!as!a!result! of!the!implementation!of!the!proposed!A/R!
project!activity!within!the!project!boundary;!tonnes!CO2"e!!
UncertaintyC_Actual!=!Uncertainty!in!actual!net!GHG!removals!by!sinks,!at!time!t;!%!
UncertaintyCpools,t!=!Total!uncertainty!in!changes!in!all!pools,!at!time!t;!%!
UncertaintyGHG!E!=! Uncertainty! in! the! sum! of! the! increases! in! non"CO2! GHG! emissions! by! sources! within! the! project! boundary! as! a! result! of! the! implementation! of! an! AR! project! activity;!%!
Note:! In! this! methodology! equation! (04)! is! used! to! estimate! actual! net! greenhouse! gas! removal! by! sinks!for!the!period!of!time!elapsed!between!project!start!(t=1)!and!the!year!t=t*,!t*!being!the!year!for! which!actual!net!greenhouse!gas!removals!by!sinks!are!estimated.!
8.1!Estimation!of!changes!in!the!carbon!stocks!
P pools ("#" ECC biomasslos s !!!!!!!! (12)!
!!! Proposed!VCS!AR!Methodology!–!AR!of!Agricultural!Lands!V2!–!14! !
Uncerta int y # Uncerta int y 2 ' Uncerta int y 2 (13)! CP Cpools ,t Ebiomasslo ss ,t !!!
Where:!!
#CP!! =! sum!of!the!changes!in!above"ground!and!belowground!biomass,!dead!wood,!litter!
and!soil!organic!carbon!stocks!in!the!project!scenario;!tonnes!CO2"e!
#Cpools! =! Carbon!stock!changes!in!all!selected!carbon!pools;!t!CO2"e!
Ebiomassloss! =! increase!in!CO2!emissions!from!loss!of!biomass!in!existing!vegetation!as!a!result!of!
site!preparation;!tonnes!CO2"e!
UncertaintyCpools,t!=!Total!uncertainty!in!changes!in!all!pools,!at!time!t;!%!
UncertaintyCpools,t!=!Uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!pool!changes,!at!time!t;!%!
UncertaintyBiomassloss,t!=!Uncertainty!in!CO2!emissions!from!loss!of!!existing!biomass,!at!time!t;!%!
! #C!shall!be!estimated!using!the!following!equation:! ! M C pools ,t $ i %&AB ,, ti BG ,, ti DW ,, ti LI ,, ti CCCCCA SOC ,, ti "'"'"'"'"'")#" CWP ,, ti (14)! i#1 !! ! ! Where:!!
"1 #Cpools,t! =! Carbon!stock!changes!in!all!selected!carbon!pools,!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e!ha !
"1 #CAG,i,t! =! Carbon!stock!changes!in!aboveground!biomass!in!stratum!i,!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e!ha !
"1 #CBG,i,t! =! Carbon!stock!changes!in!belowground!biomass!in!stratum!i,!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e!ha !
"1! #CDW,i,t! =! Carbon!stock!changes!in!deadwood!in!stratum!i,!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e!ha
"1! #CLI,i,t! =! Carbon!stock!changes!in!litter!in!stratum!i,!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e!ha
"1! #CSOC,i,t! =! Carbon!stock!changes!in!soil!organic!carbon!in!stratum!i,!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e!ha
"1! #CWP,i,t! =! Carbon!stock!changes!in!wood!products!pool!in!stratum!i,!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e!ha
Ai ! =! Area!of!stratum!i!!
i! =! 1,2,3…M!strata!
t! =! 1,2,3,!..t!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!the!A/R!project!activity!
!!! Proposed!VCS!AR!Methodology!–!AR!of!Agricultural!Lands!V2!–!15! !
Changes!in!the!carbon!pools!that!are!conservatively!excluded!from!accounting!shall!be!set!equal!to!zero.! !
Uncertainty!should!estimated,!expressed!as!the!90%!confidence!interval!as!a!percentage!of!the!mean:!
2 2 2 %&%&%Cpools * iti 1,1, ' Cpools * iti 2,2, ' .... UAUAU Cpools iM ,, t * AiM & Uncertaint yCpools,t # (15)! ,2,1 titi '' .... AAA iM ,t !!
2 2 2 %&%&%AG ,, ti * AG ,, ti BG ,, ti * BG ,, ti DW ,, ti * CUCUCU DW ,, ti & '"'"'" 2 2 2 %&%&%LI ,, ti * LI ,, ti SOC ,, ti * CUCU SOC ,, ti WP ,, ti *"'"'" CU WP ,, ti & # AU * (16) Cpools ,, iti !!!! ! ! %&AB ,, ti BG ,, ti DW ,, ti LI ,, ti SOC ,, ti "'"'"'"'"'" CCCCCC WP ,, ti
Where:!
UncertaintyCpools,t!=!Uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!pool!changes,!at!time!t;!%!
UCpools,i,t!! =! Uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!pool!changes!in!stratum!i,!at!time!t;!%!
"1 #CAG,i,t! =! Carbon!stock!changes!in!aboveground!biomass!in!stratum!i,!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e!ha !
UAG,i,t! =! Percentage!uncertainty!in!aboveground!biomass!in!stratum!i,!at!time!t;!%!
"1 #CBG,i,t! =! Carbon!stock!changes!in!belowground!biomass!in!stratum!i,!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e!ha !
UBG,i,t! =! Percentage!uncertainty!in!belowground!biomass!in!stratum!i,!at!time!t;!%!
"1! #CDW,i,t! =! Carbon!stock!changes!in!deadwood!in!stratum!i,!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e!ha
UAG,i,t! =! Percentage!uncertainty!in!aboveground!biomass!in!stratum!i,!at!time!t;!%!
"1! #CLI,i,t! =! Carbon!stock!changes!in!litter!pool!in!stratum!i,!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e!ha
ULI,i,t! =! Percentage!uncertainty!in!litter!pool!in!stratum!i,!at!time!t;!%!
"1! #CSOC,i,t! =! Carbon!stock!changes!in!soil!organic!carbon!in!stratum!i,!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e!ha
USOC,i,t! =! Percentage!uncertainty!in!soil!organic!carbon!in!stratum!i,!at!time!t;!%!
"1! #CWP,i,t! =! Carbon!stock!changes!in!wood!products!pool!in!stratum!i,!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e!ha
UWP,i,t! =! Percentage!uncertainty!in!wood!products!pool!in!stratum!i,!at!time!t;!%!
Ai ! =! Area!of!stratum!i!!
i! =! 1,2,3…M!strata!
!!! Proposed!VCS!AR!Methodology!–!AR!of!Agricultural!Lands!V2!–!16! !
t! =! 1,2,3,!..t!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!the!A/R!project!activity!
8.1.1!Aboveground!Biomass! Please!use!“AR!Methodological!Module:!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in!the! aboveground!biomass!pool”!
8.1.2!Belowground!Biomass!!(if!selected!in!Table!1)! Please!use!“AR!Methodological!Module:!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in!the! belowground!biomass!pool”!
8.1.3!Dead!wood!(if!selected!in!Table!1)! Please!use!“AR!Methodological!Module:!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in!the! dead!wood!pool”!
8.1.4!Litter!(if!selected!in!Table!1)! Please!use!“AR!Methodological!Module:!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in!the! litter!pool”!
8.1.5!Soil!(if!selected!in!Table!1)! Please!use!“AR!Methodological!Module:!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in!the! soil!pool”!
8.1.6!Wood!products!(if!selected!in!Table!1)! Please!use!“AR!Methodological!Module:!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in!the! wood!products!pool”!
8.1.7!Existing!biomass!loss!
To!estimate!EBiomassLoss!please!use!the!most!recent!version!of!the!CDM!approved!methodological!tool:! “Estimation!of!emissions!from!clearing,!burning,!and!decay!of!existing!vegetation!due!to!implementation! of!a!A/R!project!activity”.!
8.3!Estimation!of!GHG!emissions!within!the!project!boundary! The!increase!in!GHG!emission!as!a!result!of!the!implementation!of!the!proposed!CDM"AR!project!activity! within!the!project!boundary!can!be!estimated!by:!
GHG E # E BiomassBur n !!!!!!!!! (17)!
Uncerta int y # Uncerta int y (18)! GHG E E BiomassBur n !!!!!! Where:!
GHGE! =! sum! of! the! increases! in! non"CO2! GHG! emissions! by! sources! within! the! project! boundary!as!a!result!of!the!implementation!of!an!CDM"AR!project!activity;!tonnes!
CO2"e!
!!! Proposed!VCS!AR!Methodology!–!AR!of!Agricultural!Lands!V2!–!17! !
EBiomassBurn! =! increase!in!GHG!emission!as!a!result!of!biomass!burning!within!the!project!
boundary;!tonnes!CO2"e!
UncertaintyGHG!E!=! Uncertainty! (expressed! as! the! 90%! confidence! interval! as! a! percentage! of! the!
mean)!in!the!sum!of!the!increases!in!non"CO2!GHG!emissions!by!sources!within!the! project!boundary!as!a!result!of!the!implementation!of!an!CDM"AR!project!activity;!%!
UncertaintyE!BiomassBurn!=!Uncertainty!(expressed!as!the!90%!confidence!interval!as!a!percentage!of!the! mean)!in!the!increase!in!GHG!emission!as!a!result!of!biomass!burning!within!the! project!boundary;!%!
The!monitoring!of!emissions!by!sources!is!only!required!if!significant;!if!insignificant,!evidence!should!be! provided!(e.g.,!as!a!relevant!part!of!the!monitoring!of!the!project!implementation)!that!the!assumptions! for!the!exclusion!made!in!the!ex!ante!assessment!still!hold!in!the!ex!post!situation.!
If! significant! biomass! burning! takes! place! as! part! of! site! preparation! and/or! during! the! forest! 4 management!cycle,!then!non"CO2!emissions!due!to!biomass!burning!of!existing!vegetation !(EBiomassBurn,t)! shall!be!estimated.!!
To!estimate!EBiomassBurning!please!use!the!most!recent!version!of!the!CDM!approved!methodological!tool:! “Estimation!of!emissions!from!clearing,!burning,!and!decay!of!existing!vegetation!due!to!implementation! of!an!A/R!project!activity”.!!
Step!9.!Leakage! The! land! planned! for! A/R! activities! may! be! subjected! to! agricultural! activities,! grazing,! and! fuelwood! collection.! Thus! as! a! result! of! the! project! activity,! these! pre"project! activities! may! be! temporarily! or! permanently! displaced! from! within! the! project! boundary! to! areas! outside! the! project! boundary.! The! displacement! may! result! in! leakage! if! new! agricultural! or! grazing! areas! are! obtained! by! converting! stocked!areas,!particularly!forests,!to!new!areas!for!agricultural!or!grazing!activities!or!if!the!displaced! fuel"wood!collection!results!in!degradation!or!deforestation!of!forests!and!devegetation!of!other!lands.!
Under!the!applicability!conditions!of!this!methodology,!there!are!three!sources!of!activity!displacement! leakage!covered!by!this!methodology:!
! Carbon!stock!decreases!caused!by!displacement!of!pre"project!pastoral!lands!(LKdisp"graz)! ! Carbon! stock! decreases! caused! by! displacement! of! pre"project! agricultural! crops! and! fallow! lands!(LKdis"crop)!! ! Carbon!stock!decreased!by!pre"project!fuel"wood!collection!activities!(LKfuel"wood);! !
M LKt # $ LK ,ti !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! (19)! i#1 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 4 GHG emissions from burning of herbaceous vegetation as per para 35, EB41 guidance is neglected
!!! Proposed!VCS!AR!Methodology!–!AR!of!Agricultural!Lands!V2!–!18! !
Uncertainty # 2 'UU 2 ' .... U 2 (20) LK ,t LK ,1, ti LK ,2, ti LK iM ,, t !!!!! !
!
# LKLK ' LK ' LK (21) ,ti disp ( graz ,, ti disp (crop ,, ti fuel ( wood ,, ti !!!!! !
# UU 2 'U 2 'U 2 (22)! LK ,, ti disp(graz ,, ti dis(crop ,, ti fuel(wood ,, ti !!! ! ! ! !
Where:!
LKt! =! Total!GHG!emissions!due!to!leakage,!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e!
LKi,t! =! Total!GHG!emissions!due!to!leakage!in!stratum!i,!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e!
UncertaintyLK,t!=!Uncertainty!in!leakage,!at!time!t;!%!
ULK,i,t!! =!! Uncertainty!in!leakage!in!stratum!i,!at!time!t;!%!
LKdisp"graz,i,t! =! Leakage!due!to!displacement!of!grazing!in!stratum!i,!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e!
LKdisp"crop,i,t! =! Leakage!due!to!displacement!of!cropland!in!stratum!i,!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e!
LKfuel"wood,i,t! =! Leakage!due!to!displacement!of!fuel"wood!in!stratum!i,!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e!
Udisp"graz,i,t! !=!! Uncertainty!in!leakage!due!to!displacement!of!grazing!in!stratum!i,!at!time!t;!%!
Udisp"crops,i,t!! =!! Uncertainty!in!leakage!due!to!displacement!of!cropland!in!stratum!i,!at!time!t;!%!
Ufuel"wood,i,t! !=!! Uncertainty!in!leakage!due!to!displacement!of!fuel"wood!in!stratum!i,!at!time!t;!%!
t! =! 1,2,3,!..t!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!the!A/R!CDM!project!activity!
i! =! 1,2,3…M!strata!
!
Note:! In!this!methodology!equation!(12)!is!used!to!estimate!leakage!for!the!period!of!time!elapsed! between!project!start!(t=1)!and!the!year!t=t*,!t*!being!the!year!for!which!actual!net!greenhouse!gas! removals!by!sinks!are!estimated.!
9.1!Estimation!of!GHG!emission!related!to!displacement!of!grazing!activities!!
For!baseline!strata!where!only!grazing!activities!take!place,!calculate!LKdis"graz,i,t!please!use!only!the!latest! version!of!the!UNFCCC!CDM!AR!tool!“Estimation!of!GHG!emissions!related!to!displacement!of!grazing! activities!in!A/R!CDM!project!activity”.!!
!!! Proposed!VCS!AR!Methodology!–!AR!of!Agricultural!Lands!V2!–!19! !
To!estimate!GHG!emissions!from!grazing!in!baseline!strata!where!grazing!and!cropland!production!takes! place,!please!use!leakage!AR!Module:!“LK"ASA!Estimation!of!GHG!emissions!related!to!displacement!of! industrial!scale!agricultural!activities”,!
9.2!Estimation!of!leakage!due!to!conversion!of!land!to!agricultural!land!
To!calculate!LKdis"crop,i,t!for!baseline!strata!where!the!agent!of!cropland!activities!has!clear!landownership! documents!and!past!and!future!activities!on!all!agent!lands!can!be!tracked!use:!
AR!Module:!“LK"ASA!Estimation!of!GHG!emissions!related!to!displacement!of!industrial!scale! agricultural!activities”!
To!calculate!LKdis"crop,i,t!for!baseline!strata!where!the!agent!of!cropland!activities!is!a!community!or!where! documentation!of!land!use!activities!do!not!exist!use:!
AR!Module:!“LK"ASsA!Estimation!of!GHG!emissions!related!to!displacement!of!small"holder! agricultural!activities”!
9.3!Estimation!of!leakage!due!to!fuel"wood!collection!
To!calculate!LKfuel"wood,i,t,!please!use:!the!AR!Module:!“Estimation!of!GHG!emissions!related!to! displacement!of!fuel"wood!production”!
Step!10.!Net!Anthropogenic!GHG!Removals!by!Sinks! The!net!anthropogenic!GHG!removals!by!sinks!is!the!actual!net!GHG!removals!by!sinks!minus!the! baseline!net!GHG!removals!by!sinks!minus!leakage,!therefore,!the!following!general!formula!can!be!used! to!calculate!the!net!anthropogenic!GHG!removals!by!sinks!of!a!A/R!VCS!project!activity!(CAR"VCS)!in!t!CO2" e.!
C AR (VCS C ACTUAL C BSL ("("# LK !!!!!!! (23)!
Uncerta int y # Uncerta int y 2 ' Uncerta int y 2 ' .... Uncerta int y 2 (24)! AR (VCS ,t BSL ,t C _ Actual LK ,t ! where:!
CAR"VCS,t! Net!anthropogenic!greenhouse!gas!removals!by!sinks,!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e!
#CACTUAL,t! Actual!net!greenhouse!gas!removals!by!sinks,!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e!
#CBSL,t! Baseline!net!greenhouse!gas!removals!by!sinks,!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e!
LK,t! Total!GHG!emissions!due!to!leakage,!at!time!t;!t!CO2–e!
UncertaintyBSL,t!!=!! Uncertainty!in!baseline!net!GHG!changes,!at!time!t;!%!
UncertaintyC_Actual!=!! Uncertainty!in!actual!net!GHG!removals!by!sinks,!at!time!t;!%!
UncertaintyLK,t!! =!! Uncertainty!in!leakage,!at!time!t;!%!
!!! Proposed!VCS!AR!Methodology!–!AR!of!Agricultural!Lands!V2!–!20! ! t! =! 1,2,3,!..t!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!the!A/R!CDM!project!activity!
10.1!Calculation!of!VCUs! As!stated!in!the!VCS!Tool!for!AFOLU!Methodological!Issues,!the!maximum!number!of!carbon!credits!to! be!assigned!to!the!project!shall!not!exceed!the!project’s!net!carbon!stock!benefits!averaged!across! project!activities!during!the!project!crediting!period,!adjusted!for!project!emissions!of!CO2,!N2O!and!CH4,! and!leakage.!The!timing!of!verifications!shall!be!chosen!such!that!a!systematic!coincidence!of!verification! and!peaks!in!carbon!stocks!is!avoided.! To!estimate!the!amount!of!VCUs!that!can!be!issued,!at!time!t=t2!(the!date!of!verification)!for!monitoring! period!T=t2"t1,!this!methodology!uses!the!following!equation:!
VCUs # %C (VCSAR t 2, ( C AR (VCS t1, &( BRR !!!!!! (25)! where:!
VCUs! Number!of!Voluntary!Carbon!Units!
* CAR"VCS,t2! Net!anthropogenic!greenhouse!gas!removals!by!sinks,!as!estimated!for!t =t2;!t!
CO2"e!
* CAR"VCS,t1! Net!anthropogenic!greenhouse!gas!removals!by!sinks,!as!estimated!for!t =t1;!t!
CO2"e! BRR! Portion!of!carbon!credits!to!be!withheld!as!a!buffer!reserve!(to!be!determined! by!verifier)!
!!! Proposed!VCS!AR!Methodology!–!AR!of!Agricultural!Lands!V2!–!21! !
Table!3!Table!for!reporting!carbon!stock!changes!
Changes in carbon stocks
Above-ground Below-ground Harvested wood Soil organic Total carbon Dead-wood Litter biomass biomass products carbon stock changes
Project year "CDAB! "CDBB! "CDDW! "CDWP! "CDL! "CDSOC! "CDTOT!
annual! cumulative! annual! cumulative! annual! cumulative! annual! cumulative! annual! cumulative! annual! cumulative! annual! cumulative! change! change! change! change! change! change! change! change! change! change! change! change! change! change! Calendar Nr year t!CO2e! t!CO2e! t!CO2e! t!CO2e! t!CO2e! t!CO2e! t!CO2e! t!CO2e! t!CO2e! t!CO2e! t!CO2e! t!CO2e! t!CO2e! t!CO2e!
1
2
3
..
N
!
! !
!!! Proposed!VCS!AR!Methodology!–!AR!of!Agricultural!Lands!V2!–!22! !
Table!4!Table!for!reporting!greenhouse!gas!emissions!
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Total GHG Biomass burning emissions
Project year N2O! CH4! GHG!
annual!! cumulative! annual!! cumulative! annual!! cumulative! Calendar Nr year t!CO2e! t!CO2e! t!CO2e! t!CO2e! t!CO2e! t!CO2e!
1
2
3
..
N
! N!=!number!of!years!in!the!crediting!period!of!the!proposed!REDD!project!activity.!! ! ! !
!!! Proposed!VCS!AR!Methodology!–!AR!of!Agricultural!Lands!V2!–!23! !
Table!5!Table!for!reporting!the!estimation!of!net!carbon!stock!changes!and!greenhouse!gas!emission!reductions!
Project year "CBASELINE "CACTUAL "CLEAKAGE "CAR
Carbon stock Carbon stock Carbon stock GHG emissions GHG emissions GHG emissions Carbon stocks GHG emissions Calendar changes changes changes year annual cumulative annual cumulative annual cumulative annual cumulative annual cumulative annual cumulative annual cumulative annual cumulative
Nr yr tCO2e tCO2e tCO2e tCO2e tCO2e tCO2e tCO2e tCO2e tCO2e tCO2e tCO2e tCO2e tCO2e tCO2e tCO2e tCO2e
1
2
3
…
N
!
! !
!!! Proposed!VCS!AR!Methodology!–!AR!of!Agricultural!Lands!V2!–!24! !
Table!6!Table!for!reporting!the!estimation!of!uncertainty!
Project year "CAR
Carbon stock GHG emissions C Calendar changes AR_ERROR year annual cumulative annual cumulative
Nr yr tCO2e tCO2e tCO2e tCO2e %
1
2
3
…
N
N!=!number!of!years!in!the!crediting!period!of!the!proposed!REDD!project!activity.!
!!! Proposed!VCS!AR!Methodology!–!AR!of!Agricultural!Lands!V2!–!25! !
III.!MONITORING!PLAN!! Project!proponents!shall!include!a!monitoring!plan!in!the!VCS"PD.! The!monitoring!plan!shall!address!the!following!three!monitoring!tasks:! ! Monitoring!of!actual!carbon!stock!changes!and!greenhouse!gas!emissions! ! Monitoring!of!leakage!carbon!stock!changes!and!greenhouse!gas!emissions! ! Estimation!of!ex"post!net!carbon!stock!changes!and!greenhouse!gas!emissions! For!each!of!these!tasks,!the!monitoring!plan!shall!include!the!following!sections:! a) Technical!description!of!the!monitoring!task!(Section!3.2!of!the!VCS"PD).!! b) Data!to!be!collected.!The!data!to!be!collected!must!be!sufficient!to!update!the!tables!1"6! of!the!methodology.!The!list!of!data!and!parameters!to!be!collected!must!be!given!in! Section!3.3!of!the!VCS"PD.! c) Overview!of!data!collection!procedures.! d) Quality!control!and!quality!assurance!procedure.!! e) Data!archiving.! f) Organisation!and!responsibilities!of!the!parties!involved!in!all!the!above.! A!description!of!the!monitoring!plan!including!the!items!“c”!to!“f”!listed!above!must!be!must!be! given!in!Section!3.4!of!the!VCS"PD.! ! The!monitoring!plan!is!to!be!implemented!at!the!start!of!the!project!(t=0).! All!data!collected!as!part!of!monitoring!must!be!archived!electronically!and!be!kept!at!least!for!2!years! after!the!end!of!the!project.!100%!of!the!data!must!be!monitored!if!not!indicated!otherwise!in!tables! below.!All!measurements!must!be!conducted!according!to!relevant!standards.!In!addition,!the! monitoring!provisions!in!the!tools!referred!to!in!this!methodology!apply.! All!parameters!listed!in!the!below!section!‘Data!and!parameters!monitored’!and!all!parameters!listed!to! be!monitored!in!the!relevant!modules!shall!be!monitored!during!the!project!activity.!!When!applying!all! relevant!equations!provided!in!this!methodology!for!the!ex"ante!calculation!of!net!anthropogenic!GHG! removals!by!sinks,!project!participants!shall!provide!transparent!estimations!for!the!parameters!that!are! monitored!during!the!crediting!period.!These!estimates!shall!be!based!on!measured!or!existing! published!data!where!possible!and!project!participants!must!retain!a!conservative!approach:!that!is,!if! different!values!for!a!parameter!are!equally!plausible,!a!value!that!does!not!lead!to!over"estimation!of! net!anthropogenic!GHG!removals!by!sinks!must!be!selected.!
1.!Monitoring!of!Project!Implementation! Information!shall!be!provided,!and!recorded!in!the!project!description!(PD),!to!establish!that:! i. The!geographic!position!of!the!project!boundary!is!recorded!for!all!areas!of!land;!
!!! Proposed!VCS!AR!Methodology!–!AR!of!Agricultural!Lands!V2!–!26! !
! The!geographic!coordinates!of!the!project!boundary!(and!any!stratification!inside!the! boundary)!are!established,!recorded!and!archived.!This!can!be!achieved!by!field!survey! (e.g.,!using!GPS),!or!by!using!georeferenced!spatial!data!(e.g.,!maps,!GIS!datasets,! orthorectified!aerial!photography!or!georeferenced!remote!sensing!images).! ii. Commonly!accepted!principles!of!forest!inventory!and!management!are!implemented;!
! Standard!operating!procedures!(SOPs)!and!quality!control!/!quality!assurance!(QA/QC)! procedures!for!forest!inventory!including!field!data!collection!and!data!management!shall! be!applied.!Use!or!adaptation!of!SOPs!already!applied!in!national!forest!monitoring,!or! available!from!published!handbooks,!or!form!the!IPCC!GPG!LULUCF!2003,!is! recommended;!
! The!forest!management!plan,!together!with!a!record!of!the!plan!as!actually!implemented! during!the!project!shall!be!available!for!validation!and!verification,!as!appropriate.! 2.!Monitoring!of!actual!carbon!stock!changes!and!greenhouse!gas!emissions!
2.1!Updating!of!strata! Stratification!of!the!project!area!into!relatively!homogeneous!units!can!either!increase!the!measuring! precision!without!increasing!the!cost!unduly,!or!reduce!the!cost!without!reducing!measuring!precision! because!of!the!lower!variance!within!each!homogeneous!unit.!Project!participants!must!present!in!the! VCS"PDD!an!ex"ante!stratification!of!the!project!area!or!justify!the!lack!of!it.!The!number!and!boundaries! of!the!strata!defined!ex"ante!may!change!during!the!crediting!period!(ex"post).! The!ex"post!stratification!shall!be!updated!due!to!the!following!reasons:!
! Unexpected!disturbances!occurring!during!the!crediting!period!(e.g.!due!to!fire,!pests!or!disease! outbreaks),!affecting!differently!various!parts!of!an!originally!homogeneous!stratum;!
! Forest!management!activities!(cleaning,!planting,!thinning,!harvesting,!coppicing,!re"planting)!may!be! implemented!in!a!way!that!affects!the!existing!stratification.! Established!strata!may!be!merged!if!the!reasons!for!their!establishment!have!disappeared.! The!boundaries!of!each!stratum!shall!be!monitored!and!actual!stratum!area!determined.!!
2.2!Sampling!framework! The!sampling!framework,!including!sample!size,!plot!size,!plot!shape,!and!determination!of!plot!location! should!be!specified!in!the!VCS"PD.! To!determine!the!sample!size!and!allocation!among!strata,!this!methodology!uses!the!latest!version!of! the!CDM!tool!for!the!“Calculation!of!the!number!of!sample!plots!for!measurements!within!A/R!CDM! project!activities”.!The!targeted!precision!level!for!biomass!estimation!across!the!project!is!+/"!10%!of! the!mean!at!a!90%!confidence!level.!In!contrast!to!the!above!CDM!tool,!note!that!temporary!plots!are! permissible!under!this!methodology.!
!!! Proposed!VCS!AR!Methodology!–!AR!of!Agricultural!Lands!V2!–!27! !
2.3!Measuring!and!estimating!carbon!stock!changes!and!GHG!emissions!over!time! The!change!in!carbon!stocks!shall!be!estimated!by!taking!measurements!in!plots!at!each!monitoring! event.!!Methods!described!in!the!VCS!carbon!pool!modules!shall!be!used.!!Where!appropriate,!based!on! the!AR!Methodological!Tool!“Estimation!of!changes!in!the!carbon!stocks!of!existing!trees!and!shrubs! within!the!boundary!of!the!A/R!project!activity”,!pre"existing!trees!shall!not!be!measured!and!accounted! for.!!
GHG!emissions!resulting!from!project!activities!shall!be!monitored!using!the!methods!described.!
The!calculation!of!carbon!stock!changes!and!GHG!emissions!shall!be!reported!in!the!ex!post!version!of! tables!5"6.!
3.!Monitoring!of!leakage! All!sources!of!leakage!shall!be!monitored.!!Monitoring!shall!take!place!according!the!applicable!modules! and!tools.!!
The!calculation!of!leakage!shall!be!reported!in!the!ex!post!version!of!tables!5"6.!
4.!Ex"post!net!anthropogenic!greenhouse!gas!emission!removals!! These!shall!be!calculated!using!Equation!20!and!the!results!reported!in!the!ex!post!version!of!table!6.!
5.!Calculation!of!VCUs!! These!shall!be!calculated!using!Equation!22!and!the!results!reported!in!the!ex!post!version!of!table!6.!
IV.!DATA!AND!PARAMETERS! In!addition!to!the!parameters!listed!in!the!tables!below,!a!number!of!data!and!parameters!are!listed!in! listed!tools!and!modules.!
1.!Data!and!Parameters!that!are!monitored!(measured!more!than!one!time)!!
Data!/!parameter:! Ai! Data!unit:! hectares! Used!in!equations:! 15! Description:! Area!of!stratum!i! Source!of!data:! Field!measurement!and!GIS!analysis! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! i Data!unit:! ! Used!in!equations:! 2,16,17,20,21,22,23! Description:! 1,!2,!3!…i!strata!in!project!area! Source!of!data:! Measurement!data!
!!! Proposed!VCS!AR!Methodology!–!AR!of!Agricultural!Lands!V2!–!28! !
Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! t Data!unit:! Year! Used!in!equations:! 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,16,17,20,21,22,23! Description:! 0,1,!2,!3,!…!5!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!the!project!activity,!but!a!maxim!of! 5!years! Source!of!data:! Local!data.! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! 2.!Data!and!Parameters!originating!from!modules!or!tools!
Data!/!parameter:! !Cwoody,exist,j,i,t!
Data!unit:! t!CO2"e! Used!in!equations:! 3! Description:! Carbon stock changes in existing wood vegetation (trees and shrubs) for stratum i, species j, at time t; Source!of!data:! Output from UNFCCC CDM A/R tool: “Estimation of changes in the carbon stocks of existing trees and shrubs within the boundary of an A/R project activity”! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! !
Data!/!parameter:! #CAG,i,t! Data!unit:! t!CO2"e! Used!in!equations:! 16,17! Description:! Carbon!stock!changes!in!aboveground!biomass!in!stratum!i,!at!time!t! Source!of!data:! Output!from!“AR!Methodological!Module:!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and! changes!in!carbon!stocks!in!the!aboveground!biomass!pool”! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! !
Data!/!parameter:! #CBG,i,t! Data!unit:! t!CO2"e! Used!in!equations:! 16,17! Description:! Carbon!stock!changes!in!belowground!biomass!in!stratum!i,!at!time!t! Source!of!data:! Output!from!“AR!Methodological!Module:!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and! changes!in!carbon!stocks!in!the!belowground!biomass!pool”! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! !
!!! Proposed!VCS!AR!Methodology!–!AR!of!Agricultural!Lands!V2!–!29! !
!
Data!/!parameter:! #CDW,i,t! Data!unit:! t!CO2"e! Used!in!equations:! 16,17! Description:! Carbon!stock!changes!in!deadwood!in!stratum!i,!at!time!t! Source!of!data:! Output!from!“AR!Methodological!Module:!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and! changes!in!carbon!stocks!in!the!deadwood!pool”! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! !
Data!/!parameter:! #CLI,i,t! Data!unit:! t!CO2"e! Used!in!equations:! 16,17! Description:! Carbon!stock!changes!in!litter!in!stratum!i,!at!time!t! Source!of!data:! Output!from!“AR!Methodological!Module:!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and! changes!in!carbon!stocks!in!the!litter!pool”! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! !
Data!/!parameter:! #CSOC,i,t! Data!unit:! t!CO2"e! Used!in!equations:! 16,17! Description:! Carbon!stock!changes!in!soil!organic!carbon!in!stratum!i,!at!time!t! Source!of!data:! Output!from!“AR!Methodological!Module:!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and! changes!in!carbon!stocks!in!the!soil!organic!carbon!pool”! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! !
Data!/!parameter:! #CWP,i,t! Data!unit:! t!CO2"e! Used!in!equations:! 16,17! Description:! Carbon!stock!changes!in!wood!products!in!stratum!i,!at!time!t! Source!of!data:! Output!from!“AR!Methodological!Module:!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and! changes!in!carbon!stocks!in!the!wood!products!pool”! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! !
Data!/!parameter:! Ebiomassloss! Data!unit:! t!CO2"e! Used!in!equations:! 13!
Description:! Increase!in!CO2!emissions!from!loss!of!biomass!in!existing!vegetation!as!a!result!
!!! Proposed!VCS!AR!Methodology!–!AR!of!Agricultural!Lands!V2!–!30! !
of!site!preparation! Source!of!data:! Output!from!UNFCCC!CDM!A/R!tool:!“Estimation!of!emissions!from!clearing,! burning,!and!decay!of!existing!vegetation!due!to!implementation!of!a!A/R! project!activity”! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! !
Data!/!parameter:! EBiomassBurn! Data!unit:! t!CO2"e! Used!in!equations:! 18! Description:! Increase!in!GHG!emission!as!a!result!of!biomass!burning!within!the!project! boundary! Source!of!data:! Output!from!UNFCCC!CDM!A/R!tool:!“Estimation!of!emissions!from!clearing,! burning,!and!decay!of!existing!vegetation!due!to!implementation!of!an!A/R! project!activity”! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! j Data!unit:! ! Used!in!equations:! 3! Description:! 1,!2,3,!…S!tree!and!shrub!species!in!existing!woody!vegetation! Source!of!data:! Output!from!UNFCCC!CDM!A/R!tool:!“Estimation!of!changes!in!the!carbon! stocks!of!existing!trees!and!shrubs!within!the!boundary!of!an!A/R!project! activity”! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! !
Data!/!parameter:! LKdisp"crop,i,t! Data!unit:! t!CO2"e! Used!in!equations:! 22! Description:! Leakage!due!to!displacement!of!cropland!in!stratum!i,!at!time!t! Source!of!data:! For!baseline!strata!where!the!agent!of!cropland!activities!has!clear!land! ownership!or!land!tenure,!this!is!the!output!of!module:!AR!Module:!“LK"ASA! Estimation!of!GHG!emissions!related!to!displacement!of!industrial!scale! agricultural!activities”! For!baseline!strata!where!the!agent!of!cropland!activities!is!a!community!or! where!documentation!of!land!use!activities!do!not!exist!use,!this!is!the!output!of! module:!AR!Module:!“LK"ASsA!Estimation!of!GHG!emissions!related!to! displacement!of!small"holder!agricultural!activities”! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! !
!!! Proposed!VCS!AR!Methodology!–!AR!of!Agricultural!Lands!V2!–!31! !
!
Data!/!parameter:! LKdisp"graz,i,t! Data!unit:! t!CO2"e! Used!in!equations:! 22! Description:! Leakage!due!to!displacement!of!grazing!in!stratum!i,!at!time!t! Source!of!data:! For!baseline!strata!where!only!grazing!activities!take!place,!output!from!the! UNFCCC!CDM!AR!tool!“Estimation!of!GHG!emissions!related!to!displacement!of! grazing!activities!in!A/R!CDM!project!activity”.!! For!baseline!strata!where!both!grazing!and!cropland!production!take!place,! output!from!AR!Module:!“LK"ASA!Estimation!of!GHG!emissions!related!to! displacement!of!agricultural!activities”! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! !
Data!/!parameter:! LKfuel"wood,i,t! Data!unit:! t!CO2"e! Used!in!equations:! 22! Description:! Leakage!due!to!displacement!of!fuel"wood!in!stratum!i,!at!time!t! Source!of!data:! Output!of:!the!AR!Module:!“Estimation!of!GHG!emissions!related!to! displacement!of!fuel"wood!production”! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! !
Data!/!parameter:! UAG,i,t! Data!unit:! %! Used!in!equations:! 16,17! Description:! Percentage!uncertainty!in!aboveground!biomass!in!stratum!i,!at!time!t! Source!of!data:! Output!from!“AR!Methodological!Module:!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and! changes!in!carbon!stocks!in!the!aboveground!biomass!pool”! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! !
Data!/!parameter:! UBG,i,t! Data!unit:! %! Used!in!equations:! 16,17! Description:! Percentage!uncertainty!in!belowground!biomass!in!stratum!i,!at!time!t! Source!of!data:! Output!from!“AR!Methodological!Module:!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and! changes!in!carbon!stocks!in!the!belowground!biomass!pool”! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! !
Data!/!parameter:! UBiomassBurn!
!!! Proposed!VCS!AR!Methodology!–!AR!of!Agricultural!Lands!V2!–!32! !
Data!unit:! %! Used!in!equations:! 19! Description:! Uncertainty!in!GHG!emission!as!a!result!of!biomass!burning!within!the!project! boundary! Source!of!data:! Output!from!UNFCCC!CDM!A/R!tool:!“Estimation!of!emissions!from!clearing,! burning,!and!decay!of!existing!vegetation!due!to!implementation!of!an!A/R! project!activity”! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! !
Data!/!parameter:! Udisp"crop,i,t! Data!unit:! %! Used!in!equations:! 22! Description:! Uncertainty!in!leakage!due!to!displacement!of!cropland!in!stratum!i,!at!time!t! Source!of!data:! For!baseline!strata!where!the!agent!of!cropland!activities!has!clear!land! ownership!or!land!tenure,!this!is!the!output!of!module:!AR!Module:!“LK"ASA! Estimation!of!GHG!emissions!related!to!displacement!of!industrial!scale! agricultural!activities”! For!baseline!strata!where!the!agent!of!cropland!activities!is!a!community!or! where!documentation!of!land!use!activities!do!not!exist!use,!this!is!the!output!of! module:!AR!Module:!“LK"ASsA!Estimation!of!GHG!emissions!related!to! displacement!of!small"holder!agricultural!activities”! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! !
Data!/!parameter:! Udisp"graz,i,t! Data!unit:! %! Used!in!equations:! 23! Description:! Uncertainty!in!leakage!due!to!displacement!of!grazing!in!stratum!i,!at!time!t! Source!of!data:! For!baseline!strata!where!only!grazing!activities!take!place,!output!from!the! UNFCCC!CDM!AR!tool!“Estimation!of!GHG!emissions!related!to!displacement!of! grazing!activities!in!A/R!CDM!project!activity”.!! For!baseline!strata!where!both!grazing!and!cropland!production!take!place,! output!from!AR!Module:!“LK"ASA!Estimation!of!GHG!emissions!related!to! displacement!of!agricultural!activities”! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! !
Data!/!parameter:! UDW,i,t! Data!unit:! %! Used!in!equations:! 16,17! Description:! Percentage!uncertainty!in!deadwood!in!stratum!i,!at!time!t! Source!of!data:! Output!from!“AR!Methodological!Module:!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!
!!! Proposed!VCS!AR!Methodology!–!AR!of!Agricultural!Lands!V2!–!33! !
changes!in!carbon!stocks!in!the!deadwood!pool”! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! !
Data!/!parameter:! Ufuel"wood,i,t! Data!unit:! %! Used!in!equations:! 23! Description:! Uncertainty!in!leakage!due!to!displacement!of!fuel"wood!in!stratum!i,!at!time!t! Source!of!data:! Output!of:!the!AR!Module:!“Estimation!of!GHG!emissions!related!to! displacement!of!fuel"wood!production”! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! !
Data!/!parameter:! ULI,i,t! Data!unit:! %! Used!in!equations:! 16,17! Description:! Percentage!uncertainty!in!litter!in!stratum!i,!at!time!t! Source!of!data:! Output!from!“AR!Methodological!Module:!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and! changes!in!carbon!stocks!in!the!litter!pool”! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! !
Data!/!parameter:! USOC,i,t! Data!unit:! %! Used!in!equations:! 16,17! Description:! Percentage!uncertainty!in!soil!organic!carbon!in!stratum!i,!at!time!t! Source!of!data:! Output!from!“AR!Methodological!Module:!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and! changes!in!carbon!stocks!in!the!soil!organic!carbon!pool”! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! !
Data!/!parameter:! UWP,i,t! Data!unit:! %! Used!in!equations:! 16,17! Description:! Percentage!uncertainty!in!wood!products!in!stratum!i,!at!time!t! Source!of!data:! Output!from!“AR!Methodological!Module:!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and! changes!in!carbon!stocks!in!the!wood!products!pool”! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! !
!!! Proposed!VCS!AR!Methodology!–!AR!of!Agricultural!Lands!V2!–!34! ! V.!REFERENCES!AND!ANY!OTHER!INFORMATION.!
!!! Proposed!VCS!AR!Methodology!–!AR!of!Agricultural!Lands!V2!–!35! !
VI.!ANNEX!–!Modules! !
!!! AR!Module!CP"AG!–!36! !
AR!METHODOLOGICAL!MODULE! CP"AG!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in! carbon!stocks!in!the!aboveground!biomass!pool!in! project!activities!
I.!SCOPE,!APPLICABILITY!AND!PARAMETERS!
Scope! This!module!allows!for!calculating!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in!aboveground!biomass.!!
Non"woody!biomass!(herbaceous!vegetation)!is!not!treated!in!this!module.!
This!module!is!based!on!the!module:!
! REDD!Methodological!Module!“Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon! stocks!in!the!aboveground!biomass!pool”!(text!in!blue)! This!module!draws!content!from:!
! AR"ACM0001!“Afforestation!and!reforestation!of!degraded!land”!
Applicability! Aboveground!biomass!is!the!major!carbon!pool!subjected!to!the!project!activity.!!
This!module!is!applicable!to!all!forest!types!and!age!classes!with!stable!or!increasing!stocks!in!the!with" project!case.!
Parameters! This!methodology!produces!the!following!parameters:! !
Parameter! SI!Unit! Description " CAG,i,!t! t!CO2"e!ha Carbon!stock!in!aboveground!biomass in!strata!i,!at time!t! 1! ! " #CAG,!i,!t! t!CO2"e!ha Carbon!stock!changes!in!aboveground!biomass in!strata!i!at!time!t! 1! "1 UncertaintyAG,i,t! %!ha ! Uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!changes!in!AG!biomass!in!strata!i!at!time!t!
!!! AR!Module!CP"AG!–!37! ! II.!PROCEDURES! Total!aboveground!biomass!carbon!stocks!shall!be!estimated!as!follows:!
AG ,, ti # CC AG tree ,,_ ti ' C AG nontree ,,_ ti !!!!!!!! (1)!
C "#" C "' C AG ,, ti AG tree ,,_ ti AG _ nontree ,, ti !!!!!!!! (2)!
2 2 Uncertaint y "C_AG, i, t # U C AG tree ,,__ ti ' U C AG nontree ,,__ ti ! Where:!
"1! CAG,i,t! Mean!aboveground!biomass!carbon!stock!in!stratum!i!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e!ha
"1! CAG_tree,i,t! Mean!aboveground!tree!biomass!carbon!stock!in!stratum!i!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e!ha
"1 CAG_nontree,i,t!! Mean!aboveground!biomass!carbon!stock!in!stratum!i!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e!ha !!
#CAG,i,t!!Annual!net!carbon!stock!change!in!aboveground!biomass!for!stratum!i,!at!time!t;! "1! "1! t!CO2"e!ha yr
#CAG_tree,i,t!!Annual!net!carbon!stock!change!in!tree!aboveground!biomass!for!stratum!i,!at! "1! "1! time!t;!t!CO2"e!ha yr
#Cnon"tree,i,t!!Annual!net!carbon!stock!change!in!non"tree!vegetation!carbon!stock!for!stratum! "1! "1! i,!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e!ha yr
Uncertainty!#CAG,i,t! Percentage!uncertainty!in!the!net!carbon!stock!change!in!AG!biomass!for! stratum!i!at!time!t;!%!!
UC_AG_tree,I,t! Percentage!uncertainty!(expressed!as!90%!confidence!interval!as!a!percentage! of!the!mean)!in!the!net!carbon!stock!change!in!AG!tree!biomass!for!stratum!i!at! time!t;!%!!
UC_AG_non_tree,I,t! Percentage!uncertainty!(expressed!as!90%!confidence!interval!as!a!percentage! of!the!mean)!in!the!net!carbon!stock!change!in!AG!non"tree!biomass!for!stratum! i!at!time!t;!%!!
Part!1!–!Aboveground!Tree!Biomass!
1.1!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!in!aboveground!tree!biomass! The!mean!carbon!stock!in!aboveground!biomass!per!unit!area!is!estimated!based!on!field!measurements! in!sample!plots.!!
!!! AR!Module!CP"AG!–!38! !
Two! methods! are! available:! the! Biomass! Conversion! and! Expansion! Factors! (BCEF)! method,! and! the! Allometric!Equations!method.!If!aboveground!biomass!increment!is!monitored!in!the!project,!plots!must! be!permanent.!
1.1.1!BCEF!method! ! 1.1.1!Step!1:!!Determine!based!on!available!data,!e.g.!volume!tables!(ex!ante)!and!measurements!(ex! post),! the! diameter! (DBH,! at! typically! 1.3! m! [4.3! ft]! above"ground! level),! and! also! preferably! merchantable!height!(MH),!of!all!the!trees!above!some!minimum!DBH!in!the!sample!plots.!
1.1.1! Step! 2:!!Estimate! the! volume! of! the! commercial! (merchantable)! component! of! trees! based! on! available! equations! or! yield! tables! (if! locally! derived! equations! or! yield! tables! are! not! available! use! relevant!regional,!national!or!default!data!as!appropriate!and!validated!(see!parameters)).!It!is!possible! to!combine!steps!1!and!2!if!there!are!field!instruments!(e.g.!a!relascope)!that!measure!the!volume!of! each!tree!more!directly.!
1.1.1!Step!3:!Choose!BCEF.!If!relevant!information!is!available!the!BCEF!should!be!adjusted!for!forest! type!or!stand!structure.!
1.1.1!Step!4:!Convert!the!volume!of!the!commercial!component!of!the!trees!into!the!plot!level!carbon! stock!biomass!of!the!commercial!component!of!trees!via!wood!density!and!carbon!fraction.!Volumes!are! summed!to!the!plot!level!before!applying!the!BCEF.!
S / N ij sp t #0,,, , C # - BCEF * CF V * !!!!!!! AG tree sp ,,,_ ti $$- jj ijl sp,,,, t * j##11. l + ! (1)! ! where:!
! CAG_tree,sp,i!t! Aboveground!biomass!carbon!stock!of!trees!in!plot!sp,!in!stratum!i!at!time!t;!t!C!
3 Vl,j,i,sp,t! Merchantable!volume!of!tree!l!of!species!j!in!plot!sp!in!stratum!i!at!time!t,!m !
BCEFj! Biomass!conversion!and!expansion!factor!for!conversion!of!merchantable! volume!to!total!above"ground!tree!biomass!for!tree!species!j;!dimensionless!
CFj! Carbon!fraction!of!biomass!for!tree!species!j;!t!C!t"1!d.m.!!
!!! AR!Module!CP"AG!–!39! ! l! 1,!2,!3,!…N!sequence!number!of!individual!trees!of!species!j!in!sample!plot!sp!in! stratum!i!at!time!t!! i! 1,!2,!3,!…M!strata!! j! 1,!2,!3!…!S!!tree!species!! t! 0,1,2,3,!…t!years!elapsed!since!start!of!the!project!activity!
1.1.1!Step!5:!Calculate!the!mean!aboveground!biomass!carbon!stock!for!each!stratum,!converted!to! carbon!dioxide!equivalents:!
1 Pi 44 CAG tree ,,_ ti # *$CAG tree sp ,,__ ti * !!!!!!! (2)! Aspi sp#1 12 where:!
"1! CAG_tree,i,t! Mean!aboveground!biomass!carbon!stock!in!stratum!i!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e!ha
CAG_tree_sp,i!! Mean!aboveground!biomass!carbon!stock!of!trees!in!plot!sp,!in!stratum!i!at!time! t;!t!C!!
Aspi! Total!area!of!all!sample!plots!in!stratum!i;!ha! sp! 1,!2,!3!…!Pi!sample!plots!in!stratum!i!! i! 1,!2,!3!…!M!strata!! t! 0,1,2,3!…t!!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!the!project!activity!
"1 44/12!!Ratio!of!molecular!weight!of!CO2!to!carbon,!t!CO2"e!t!C !
1.1.2!Allometric!Equation!method! ! 1.1.2!Step!1:!As!with!Step!1!of!the!BCEF!method.!
1.1.2! Step! 2:! Select! or! develop! an! appropriate! and! validated! allometric! equation! (if! possible! species" specific,!or!if!not!from!a!similar!species).!
1.1.2!Step!3:!Estimate!carbon!stock!in!above"ground!biomass!for!each!individual!tree!l!of!species!j!in!the! sample!plot!located!in!stratum!i!using!the!selected!or!developed!allometric!equation!applied!to!the!tree! dimensions!resulting!from!Step!1!(if!using!height,!use!total!height!(H)!in!place!of!merchantable!height! (MH)),!and!sum!the!carbon!stocks!in!the!sample!plot:!
!!! AR!Module!CP"AG!–!40! !
N j sp ,,, ti CAG tree ij sp,,,,_ t # $ f j %DBH H count age&*,,, CFj !!!!!! (3)! l#1 where:!
CAG_tree,j,i,sp,t! Carbon!stock!in!above"ground!biomass!of!trees!of!species!j!in!plot!sp!in!stratum!i! at!time!t;!t!C!tree"1!
CFj! Carbon!fraction!of!biomass!for!tree!species!j;!t!C!t"1!d.m.!! fj(DBH,H,count,age)! Allometric!equation!for!species!j!linking!parameters!such!as!diameter!at!breast! height!(DBH)!and!possibly!total!height!(H)!to!above"ground!biomass!of!trees;!t.! d.m.!tree"1! i! 1,!2,!3,!…M!strata!! j! 1,!2,!3!…!S!!tree!species!! l! 1,!2,!3,!…!Nj,i,sp,t!sequence!number!of!individual!trees!of!species!j!in!sample!plot! sp!in!stratum!i!at!time!t! t! 0,1,2,3!…t!!years!elapsed!since!start!of!the!project!activity!
1.1.2!Step!4:!Calculate!total!carbon!stock!in!the!aboveground!biomass!of!all!trees!present!in!sample!plot! sp!in!stratum!i!at!time!t!
S !!!!!!!! C AB tree i sp,,,_ t # $ C AB tree ij sp,,,,_ t j#1 ! (4)! where:!
CAG_tree,i,sp,t! Aboveground!biomass!carbon!stock!in!trees!in!sample!plot!sp!of!stratum!i!at! time!t,!t!C!
CAG_tree,,j,i,sp,t! Carbon!stock!in!above"ground!biomass!of!trees!of!species!j!in!sample!plot!sp!in! stratum!i!at!time!t;!t!C!tree"1! i! 1,!2,!3,!…M!strata! j! 1,!2,!3!…!S!tree!species! t! 0,1,2,3!…t!!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!the!project!activity!
1.1.2!Step!5:!Calculate!the!mean!carbon!stock!in!aboveground!biomass!for!each!stratum,!converted!to! carbon!dioxide!equivalents:!
!!! AR!Module!CP"AG!–!41! !
1 Pi 44 CAG tree ,,_ ti # *$CAG tree i sp,,,_ t * !!!!!!! (5)! Aspi sp#1 12 where:!
"1! CAG_tree,i,t! Mean!aboveground!biomass!carbon!stock!in!stratum!i!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e!ha
CAG_tree,i,sp,t! Aboveground!biomass!carbon!stock!in!trees!in!sample!plot!sp!of!stratum!i!at! time!t,!t!C!
Aspi! Total!area!of!all!sample!plots!in!stratum!i;!ha! sp! 1,!2,!3!…!Pi!sample!plots!in!stratum!i!! i! 1,!2,!3!…!M!strata!! t! 0,1,2,3,!…t!!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!the!project!activity!
"1 44/12!!Ratio!of!molecular!weight!of!CO2!to!carbon,!t!CO2"e!t!C !!
1.2.!Actual!carbon!stock!change!in!aboveground!biomass!in!the!with"project!scenario! Two!alternative!methods!are!provided!for!accounting!forest!growth!in!the!with"project!case,!either:!
1. Carbon!gain!–!loss!method!
2. Stock!change!method!
1.2.1!Carbon!gain!–!loss!method:! In! this! method,! carbon! stock! changes! in! aboveground! biomass! are! estimated! using! the! gain"loss! method,! where! directly! measured! incremental! growth! minus! tree! mortality! and! timber! extraction! is! treated!as!net!change!in!carbon!stocks.!Using!this!method,!permanent!sample!plots!are!required.!
"C AG tree ,,_ ti "# C G AG tree ,,_, ti "( C L AG tree ,,_, ti !!!!!! (6)! where:!
#CAG_tree,i,t! Annual!net!carbon!stock!change!in!aboveground!tree!biomass!for!stratum!i,!at!time!t;!t! "1! "1 CO2"e!ha yr !
#CG,AG_tree,i,t!! Annual!increase!in!aboveground!biomass!carbon!stock!due!to!biomass!growth!(diameter! "1! "1! and!or!height!increment)!for!stratum!i,!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e!ha yr
#CL,AG_tree,i,t!! Annual!decrease!in!aboveground!biomass!carbon!stock!due!to!tree!mortality!or!timber! "1! "1! extraction!for!stratum!i,!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e!ha yr
!!! AR!Module!CP"AG!–!42! ! i! 1,!2,!3!…!M!strata!within!the!project!boundary! t! 0,1,!2,!3!…!t!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!the!project!activity!
The!annual!decrease!in!aboveground!biomass!carbon!stock!for!stratum!i!at!time!t!(#CL,AG_tree!i,t)!is! estimated!in!the!same!way!as!aboveground!biomass!carbon!stocks!(equations!1"5,!but!instead!
"1! "1 expressed!as!t!CO2"e!ha yr ),!restricting!per!tree!biomass!estimates!to!trees!present!at!time!t"1!but! absent!or!visibly!dead!at!time!t.!Treatment!of!mortality!and!removal!as!losses!from!aboveground! biomass!reconciles!with!the!stock!change!based!accounting!of!dead!wood!and!wood!products!pools.!!
The!annual!increase!in!aboveground!biomass!carbon!stock!due!to!biomass!growth!for!stratum!i!at!time!t!
(#CG,AG_tree!i,t)!are!estimated!through!the!following!steps!using!either!the!Allometric!Equations!method!or,! where!allometric!equations!are!not!available,!restricting!estimation!of!aboveground!biomass!increment! to!the!commercial!stem!component5.!Trees!used!in!the!estimation!are!restricted!to!trees!present!at! both!time!t!and!time!t"1,!and!trees!present!at!time!t!but!absent!(i.e.!below!minimum!diameter! threshold)!at!time!t"1!(incremental!growth!of!recruiting!stems),!in!which!case!diameter!at!time!t"1!is!set! as!the!minimum!diameter!measured!in!the!sample!plots.!
1.2.1!Step!1:!Estimate!annual!increase!in!aboveground!biomass!carbon!stock!of!trees!in!sample!plot!sp!in! stratum!i!at!time!t.!
For!Allometric!method!
N j sp ,,, ti S "C # f DBH H *, CF ( f DBH H *, CF G AG tree i sp,,,__ t $$j#1 %&%&jttj %&%&ttj (( 11 j !! (7)! l#1 !!!! where:!
#CG,AG_tree,,i,sp,t!!!Annual!increase!in!aboveground!tree!biomass!carbon!stock!of!trees!in!sample! plot!sp!! in!!stratum!i!at!time!t;!t!C!yr"1!
CFj! Carbon!fraction!of!biomass!for!tree!species!j;!t!C!t"1!d.m.!! fj(DBH,H)! Allometric!equation!for!species!j!linking!diameter!at!breast!height!(DBH)!and! "1 possibly!total!height!(H)!to!above"ground!biomass!of!trees;!t.!d.m.!tree ;!DBHt"1!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 5 Note that BCEFs are not applied on a per stem basis, hence cannot be used to calculate aboveground biomass increment per stem
!!! AR!Module!CP"AG!–!43! !
of!trees!absent!at!time!t"1!is!equal!to!the!minimum!DBH!measured!in!the! sample!plots! i! 1,!2,!3,!…M!strata!! j! 1,!2,!3!…!S!!tree!species!! l! 1,!2,!3,!…!Nj,i,sp,t!sequence!number!of!individual!trees!of!species!j!in!sample!plot! sp!in!stratum!i!at!time!t;!restricted!to!trees!present!at!both!time!t!and!time!t"1,! and!trees!present!at!time!t!but!absent!at!time!t"1! t! 1,!2,!3!…!t!years!elapsed!since!start!of!the!project!activity!
For!commercial!stem!component!only!
!
S N ij sp,,, t "CG AG tree sp ,,,__ ti # $$%&ijl sp,,,, DV ** CFjjt ( % ijl sp (1,,,, DV ** CFjjt &!!! (8)! j#1 l#1
! where:!
#CG_AG_tree,sp,i!t! Annual!increase!in!aboveground!biomass!carbon!stock!of!trees!in!sample!plot!sp! in!stratum!i!at!time!t;!t!C!yr"1!!
Vl,j,i,sp,t! Merchantable!volume!of!tree!l!of!species!j!in!sample!plot!sp!in!stratum!i!at!time! 3 t,!m ;!Vl,j,i,sp,t"1!of!trees!absent!at!time!t"1!is!equal!to!the!volume!corresponding!to! the!minimum!DBH!measured!in!the!sample!plots!
"3 Dj! Basic!wood!density!of!species!j;!t!d.m.m !
"1 CFj! Carbon!fraction!of!biomass!for!tree!species!j;!t!C!t !d.m.!! l! 1,!2,!3,!…!Nj,i,sp,t!sequence!number!of!individual!trees!of!species!j!in!sample!plot! sp!in!stratum!i!at!time!t;!restricted!to!trees!present!at!both!time!t!and!time!t"1,! and!trees!present!at!time!t!but!absent!at!time!t"1! i! 1,!2,!3,!…M!strata!! j! 1,!2,!3!…!S!!tree!species!! t! 1,!2,!3!…!t!years!elapsed!since!start!of!the!project!activity!
!
!!! AR!Module!CP"AG!–!44! !
1.2.1!Step!2:!Calculate!the!mean!annual!increase!in!aboveground!biomass!carbon!stock!of!trees!for!each! stratum,!converted!to!carbon!dioxide!equivalent:!
1 Pi 44 "CG AG tree ,,__ ti # *$"CG AG tree i sp,,,__ t * !!!!!! (9)! Aspi sp#1 12 where:!
#CG_AG_tree,i,t! Mean!annual!increase!in!aboveground!biomass!carbon!stock!of!trees!in!stratum! "1 "1! i!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e!ha !yr
#CG,AG_tree,,i,sp,t!!!Annual!increase!in!aboveground!biomass!carbon!stock!of!trees!in!plot!sp!in! stratum!i!at!time!t;!t!C!yr"1!
Aspi! Total!area!of!all!sample!plots!in!stratum!i;!ha! sp! 1,!2,!3!…!Pi!sample!plots!in!stratum!i!! i! 1,!2,!3!…!M!strata!! t! 1,!2,!3!…!t!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!the!project!activity!
"1 44/12!!Ratio!of!molecular!weight!of!CO2!to!carbon,!t!CO2"e!t!C !
1.2.2!Stock!change!method:! In!this!method,!carbon!stock!changes!in!aboveground!biomass!are!estimated!by!comparing!the!carbon! stocks!within!the!project!area!at!two!time!periods.!Using!this!method,!permanent!sample!plots!should! not!be!used.!Treatment!of!mortality!and!removal!as!losses!from!aboveground!biomass!reconciles!with! the!stock!change!based!accounting!of!dead!wood!and!wood!products!pools.!
C AB tree ti 2,,_ ( C AB tree ti 1,,_ "C # !! ! ! ! ! (10)! AB tree ,,_ ti T where:!
CAG_tree,i,t! Annual!net!carbon!stock!change!in!aboveground!tree!biomass!for!stratum!i,!at!time!t;!t! "1! "1 CO2"e!ha yr !
CAG_tree,i,t2!! Total!carbon!stock!in!aboveground!biomass!tree!carbon!stock!for!stratum!i,!at!time!t2;!t! "1! "1! CO2"e!ha yr
#CAG_tree,i,1t!! Total!carbon!stock!in!aboveground!tree!biomass!carbon!stock!for!stratum!i,!at!time!t1! "1! "1! (previous!monitoring!event);!t!CO2"e!ha yr i! 1,!2,!3!…!M!strata!within!the!project!boundary!
!!! AR!Module!CP"AG!–!45! ! t! 1,!2,!3!…!t!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!the!project!activity!
T! number!of!years!between!monitoring!points!t1!and!t2!
Part!2:!Aboveground!non"tree!biomass!!
2.1!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!in!aboveground!non"tree!woody!biomass! The!mean!carbon!stocks!in!the!non"tree!aboveground!biomass!pool!per!unit!area!are!estimated!based! on!previously!published!or!default!data!(ex!ante)!or!field!measurements!(baseline!and!ex!post).!!Non" tree!woody!aboveground!biomass!pool!includes!trees!smaller!than!the!minimum!tree!size!measured!in! the!tree!biomass!pool,!all!shrubs,!and!all!other!non"herbaceous!live!vegetation6.!!
Non"tree!vegetation!can!be!sampled!using!destructive!sampling!frames!and/or!,!where!suitable,!in! sampling!plots!in!combination!with!an!appropriate!allometeric!equation!for!shrubs.!!!
Calculate!the!mean!carbon!stock!in!aboveground!biomass!for!each!stratum!by!adding!the!mean!carbon! stock!in!aboveground!biomass!calculated!using!the!sampling!frame!method!to!the!mean!carbon!stock!in! aboveground!biomass!calculated!using!the!allometric!equation!method.!
C AG nontree ,,_ ti # C AG _ nontree sample ,,_ ti ' C AG _ nontree _ allometric ,, ti !!! ! ! ! ! (11)!
Where:!
"1 CAG_nontree,i,t!! Mean!aboveground!biomass!carbon!stock!in!stratum!i!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e!ha !!
CAG_nontree_sample_sample,i,t! Mean!aboveground!biomass!carbon!stock!in!stratum!i!at!time!t!from!sample! "1! frame!method;!t!CO2"e!ha
CAG_nontree_sample_allometric,i,t!!!Mean!aboveground!biomass!carbon!stock!in!stratum!i!at!time!t!from!allometric! "1 equation!method;!t!CO2"e!ha !
2.1.1!Sampling!Frame!Method:! In!stratum!where!non"tree!vegetation!is!spatially!variable,!large!frames!should!be!used!(e.g.!1"2!m!radius! circle).!Where!non"tree!vegetation!is!homogeneous,!smaller!frames!can!be!used!(e.g.!30!cm!radius).!!
Generally,!the!frame!is!placed!at!four!random!locations!per!randomly!selected!GPS!point!or!tree!plot.!At! each!location,!all!vegetation!originating!from!inside!the!frame!is!cut!at!the!base!and!weighed.!The!wet! weight!of!the!four!sample!frames!is!added!together.!These!four!sampling!frames!create!one!non"tree! sample!plot.!One!representative!subsample!from!all!four!sub"sample!frames!is!weighed!and!taken!from! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 6!Pursuant!to!AR"WG!21!that!the!GHG!emissions!from!removal!of!herbaceous!vegetation!are!insignificant! in!A/R!CDM!project!activities!and!therefore!these!emissions!can!be!neglected!in!A/R!baseline!and! monitoring!methodologies!
!!! AR!Module!CP"AG!–!46! ! field.!The!collected!subsample!is!oven!dried!and!weighed!to!determine!the!dry!weight.!The!wet!to!dry! ratio!of!the!subsample!is!then!used!to!estimate!the!dry!weight!of!the!original!sample.!
To!estimate!the!mean!carbon!stock!per!unit!area!in!the!above!ground!non"tree!biomass!for!each! stratum:!
1 SFPi 44 C AG nontree sample ,,__ ti # * $C AG nontree sample sf ,,,__ ti CFnon(tree )) !! (12)!! ASFP,i sf #1 12
SFPi 4 ASFP,i # $$Asampleframe !!!!!!!! (13)! sfp##1 SF 1
! where:!
CAG_nontree_sample,,i,,t! Carbon!stock!in!above!ground!non"tree!vegetation!!in!sampling!plot!in!strata!i!at! "1 time!t!from!sample!method;!t!CO2"e!ha !
CAG,nontree_sample,sp,i,t! Carbon!stock!in!above!ground!non"tree!vegetation!in!sample!plot!sfp!in!stratum! i!at!time!t!from!sampling!frame!method;!kg!d.m.!
CFnon"tree! Carbon!fraction!of!dominant!non"tree!vegetation!species;!dimensionless!
"2! Asfpi! Total!area!of!all!non"tree!sampling!plots!in!stratum!i;!m
"2 Asampleframe!! Area!of!one!sampling!frame;!m ! sfp! 1,!2,!3!…!SFPi!sample!plots!in!stratum!i!! i! 1,!2,!3!…!M!strata!! t! 1,!2,!3!…!t!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!the!project!activity!
"1 44/12!!Ratio!of!molecular!weight!of!CO2!to!carbon,!t!CO2"e!t!C ! sf!!1,2,3!up!to!4!sampling!frames!
2.1.2!Allometric!Equation!Method:! This!method!may!be!used!for!shrubs,!bamboo,!or!other!vegetation!types!where!individuals!can!be! clearly!delineated.!!
2.1.2!Step!1:!Select!or!develop!an!appropriate!allometric!equation!(if!possible!species"specific,!or!if!not! from!a!similar!species).!
!!! AR!Module!CP"AG!–!47! !
2.1.2!Step!2:!Estimate!carbon!stock!in!above"ground!biomass!for!each!individual!l!in!the!sample!plot!r! located!in!stratum!i!using!the!selected!or!developed!allometric!equation:!
N ,, tir C AG nontree __ allometric ,,, tri # $ f q %vegetation _ parameters &*CFq !!! (13)! l#1 where:!
CAG_nontree_allometric,i,r,t! Carbon!stock!in!above"ground!biomass!of!non"tree!sample!plot!r!in!stratum!i!at! time!t!from!allometric!equation!method;!t!C!
CFj! Carbon!fraction!of!biomass!for!species!q;!t!C!t"1!d.m.!! fj(vegetation!parameters!)! Allometric!equation!for!species!l!linking!parameters!such!as!stem!count,! diameter!of!crown,!height,!or!others!to!above"ground!biomass!of!an!individual;! t.!d.m.!individual"1! i! 1,!2,!3,!…M!strata! r! 1,2,3,!…R!non"tree!allometric!method!sample!plots!in!stratum!i! q! 1,!2,!3!…!Q!!non"tree!species!! l! 1,!2,!3,!…!Nl,i,sp,t!sequence!number!of!individual!trees!in!sample!plot!r!in!stratum!i! at!time!t! t! 0,1,2,3!…t!!years!elapsed!since!start!of!the!project!activity!
! 2.1.2!Step!3:!Calculate!the!mean!carbon!stock!in!aboveground!biomass!for!each!stratum,!converted!to! carbon!dioxide!equivalents:!
1 Ri 44 CAG nontree allometric ,,__ ti # *$CAG nontree allometric ,,,__ tri * !!!!! (15)! Ari r#1 12 where:!
CAG_nontree_allometric,i,t! Mean!aboveground!biomass!carbon!stock!in!stratum!i!at!time!t!from!allometric! "1! equation!method;!t!CO2"e!ha
CAG_nontree_allometric,i,sp,t! Aboveground!biomass!carbon!stock!in!nontree!vegetation!in!sample!plot!r!of! stratum!i!at!time!t!from!non"tree!allometric!sample!plots,!t!C!
Ari! Total!area!of!all!non"tree!allometric!method!sample!plots!in!stratum!i;!ha!
!!! AR!Module!CP"AG!–!48! ! r! 1,2,3,!…R!non"tree!allometric!method!sample!plots!in!stratum!i! i! 1,!2,!3!…!M!strata!! t! 0,1,2,3,!…t!!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!the!project!activity!
"1 44/12!!Ratio!of!molecular!weight!of!CO2!to!carbon,!t!CO2"e!t!C !!
2.2!Actual!carbon!stock!change!in!non"tree!carbon!stocks!in!the!with"project!scenario! This!method!uses!the!stock!change!method.!
In!this!method,!carbon!stock!changes!in!the!non"tree!pool!are!estimated!by!comparing!the!carbon!stocks! within!the!project!area!at!two!time!periods.!Using!this!method,!permanent!sample!plots!should!not!be! used.!
C ( C "C # non(tree ti 2,, non(tree ti 1,, !!!!!! (6)! non(tree ti 2,, T where:!
#Cnon"tree,i,t2!!Annual!net!carbon!stock!change!in!non"tree!vegetation!carbon!stock!for!stratum! "1! "1 i,!at!time!t2;!t!CO2"e!ha yr !
Cnon"tree,i,2t! Mean!carbon!stock!in!non"tree!vegetation!carbon!for!stratum!i,!at!time!t2;!t!CO2" e!ha"1!
Cnon"tree,i,t1! Mean!carbon!stock!in!non"tree!vegetation!carbon!for!stratum!i,!at!time!t1! "1 (previous!monitoring!event);!t!CO2"e!ha ! i!!1,!2,!3!…!M!strata!within!the!project!boundary! t!!1,!2,!3!…!t!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!the!project!activity!
T!!number!of!years!between!monitoring!points!t1!and!t2!
!!! AR!Module!CP"AG!–!49! !
III.!Data!and!Parameters!Not!Monitored!(Default!or!Possibly!Measured!One! Time)! Data!/!parameter:! CF! Data!unit:! t!C!t"1!d.m.! Used!in!equations:! 1,!3,!7,!8,12! Description:! Carbon!fraction!of!dry!matter! Source!of!data:! Default!value!0.47!t!C!t"1!d.m.!can!be!used,!or!species!specific!values!from!the! literature!(e.g.!IPCC!2006!INV!GLs!AFOLU!Chapter!4!Table!4.3)! ! ! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! BCEF! Data!unit:! Dimensionless! Used!in!equations:! 1! Description:! Biomass!conversion!and!expansion!factor!for!conversion!of!commercial!wood! volume!to!total!above"ground!tree!biomass! Source!of!data:! The!source!of!data!shall!be!chosen!with!priority!from!higher!to!lower!preference! as!follows:! (a)!!!!Existing!local!forest!type"specific;! (b)!!!!National!forest!type"specific!or!eco"region"specific!(e.g.!from!national!GHG! inventory);! (c)!!!!Forest!type"specific!or!eco"region"specific!from!neighboring!countries!with! similar!conditions.!Sometimes!(c)!might!be!preferable!to!(b);! (d)!!!!Global!forest!type!or!eco"region"specific!(e.g.!IPCC!2006!INV!GLs!AFOLU! Chapter!4!Table!4.5)! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! Alternatively,!BCEF,!where!not!directly!available,!can!be!calculated!as!wood! density!(t!dry!mass!m"3!green!volume)!*!BEF!(Biomass!Expansion!Factor!=!ratio! of!aboveground!biomass!to!biomass!of!the!commercial!volume)! Species"specific!BCEFs!may!not!always!be!available,!and!may!be!difficult!to!apply! with!certainty!in!the!typically!species!rich!forests!of!the!humid!tropics,!hence!it! is!acceptable!practice!to!use!BCEFs!developed!for!regions!or!groups!of!species,! provided!that!their!accuracy!has!been!validated!with!direct!site"specific!data! (per!guidance!below).! It!is!necessary!to!verify!the!applicability!of!BCEFs!used.! BCEFs!are!verified!by!both:! 1.!Review!of!source!data!from!which!BCEF!was!derived!and!confirmation!that! the!source!data!is!representative!of!the!forest!type!and!conditions!in!the!project! and!covers!the!range!of!potential!commercial!volumes.!
!!! AR!Module!CP"AG!–!50! !
! and!by!assessing!accuracy!of!BCEF!on!a!per!tree!basis!by:! ! 2.!Limited!Destructive!Sampling! ! Select!at!least!5!trees!covering!the!range!of!DBH!existing!in!the!project!area! ! Measure!DBH!and!commercial!height!and!calculate!volume!using!the!same! procedures/equations!used!to!generate!commercial!volumes!to!which!BCEFs! will!be!applied! ! Fell!and!weigh!the!above"ground!biomass!to!determine!the!total!(wet)!weight! of!the!stem!and!branch!components;! ! Extract!and!immediately!weigh!subsamples!from!each!of!the!wet!stem!and! branch!components,!followed!by!oven!drying!at!70oC!to!determine!dry! biomass;! ! Determine!the!total!aboveground!biomass!(t)!of!each!tree!from!the!wet! weights!and!the!averaged!ratios!of!wet!and!dry!weights!of!the!stem!and! branch!components! ! If!the!total!aboveground!biomass!of!the!harvested!trees!is!within!±10%!of!the! total!aboveground!biomass!predicted!by!the!selected!default!BCEF!(applied!to! the!calculated!commercial!volume),!and!is!not!biased,!then!values!from!the! BCEF!may!be!used.!Otherwise,!the!BCEF!must!be!re"parameterized!to!conform! to!the!validation!data!before!using,!or!another!BCEF!selected.! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! D! Data!unit:! t!d.m.!m"3! Used!in!equations:! 8! Description:! Basic!wood!density!! Source!of!data:! The!source!of!data!shall!be!chosen!with!priority!from!higher!to!lower!preference! as!follows:! (a)!!National!species"specific!or!group!of!species"specific!(e.g.!from!National! GHG!inventory);! (b)!!Species"specific!or!group!of!species"specific!from!neighboring!countries!with! similar!conditions.!Sometimes!(b)!may!be!preferable!to!(a);! (c)!!Global!species"specific!or!group!of!species"specific!(e.g.!IPCC!2006!INV!GLs! AFOLU!Chapter!4!Tables!4.13!and!4.14).! Species"specific!wood!densities!may!not!always!be!available,!and!may!be! difficult!to!apply!with!certainty!in!the!typically!species!rich!forests!of!the!humid! tropics,!hence!it!is!acceptable!practice!to!use!wood!densities!developed!for! forest!types!or!species!groups.! Measurement! N/A! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! Wood!densities!must!be!validated!with!either!limited!destructive!sampling!or! direct!measurement!of!wood!hardness!(e.g.!with!a!Pilodyn!wood!tester)!in!the! field!and!correlating!with!wood!density.!Samples!or!measurements!should!be! from!20"30!trees.!For!validation!of!mean!forest!type!or!species!group!wood!
!!! AR!Module!CP"AG!–!51! !
densities,!representation!of!species!in!the!sample!should!be!proportional!to! their!occurrence!in!terms!of!basal!area!or!volume!in!the!project!area!(not! abundance!or!stem!density).!Samples!should!provide!representation!across!the! length!of!the!tree.! Wood!samples!are!cut!in!discs!and!thickness!and!diameter!measured!to! calculate!green!volume.!!Samples!are!oven!dried!(70o!C)!to!a!constant!weight!in! the!laboratory,!and!density!calculated!as!dry!weight!(g)!per!unit!green!volume! (cm3).!!! If!the!density!of!the!samples/measurements!(or!mean!density!in!the!case!of! forest!type!or!species!group!means)!is!within!±10%!of!the!selected!density! values,!then!the!selected!density!values!may!be!used.!Otherwise,!a!new!density! value!must!be!developed!with!more!extensive!sampling,!using!the!validation! samples!as!a!base.!! ! ! !
Data!/!parameter:! fj(DBH,H,count,age)! Data!unit:! t!d.m.!tree"3! Used!in!equations:! 3,!7! Description:! Allometric!equation!for!species!j!linking!parameters!such!as!diameter!at!breast! height,!diameter!at!stump!height,!total!height,!stem!number,!age!to!above" ground!biomass!of!trees;!t.!d.m.!tree"1! Source!of!data:! Whenever!available,!use!allometric!equations!that!are!species"specific!or!group! of!species"specific,!provided!the!equations!have!been!derived!using!a!wide!range! of!diameters!and!heights,!based!on!datasets!that!comprise!at!least!20!trees.! Otherwise,!default!equations!from!IPCC!literature,!national!inventory!reports!or! published!peer"reviewed!studies!may!be!used!–!such!as!those!provided!Tables! 4.A.1!to!4.A.3!of!the!GPG"LULUCF!(IPCC!2003)!or!in!Pearson,!T.,!Walker,!S.!and! Brown,!S.!2005.!Sourcebook!for!Land!Use,!Land"Use!Change!and!Forestry! Projects.!Winrock!International!and!the!World!Bank!Biocarbon!Fund.!57pp.! Available!at:!http://www.winrock.org/Ecosystems/files/Winrock" BioCarbon_Fund_Sourcebook"compressed.pdf!! ! Species"specific!allometric!equations!may!not!always!be!available,!and!may!be! difficult!to!apply!with!certainty,!hence!it!is!acceptable!practice!to!use!equations! developed!for!regions!or!groups!of!species,!provided!that!their!accuracy!has! been!validated!with!direct!site"specific!data!(per!guidance!below).! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! It!is!necessary!to!verify!the!applicability!of!equations!used.! Allometric!equations!can!be!verified!either!by:! 1.!Review!of!source!data!from!which!equation!was!derived!and!confirmation!that! the!source!data!is!representative!of!the!forest!type/species!and!conditions!in!the! project!and!covers!the!range!of!potential!DBH.! and!either!(2a!or!2b)! 2a.!Destructive!Sampling!
!!! AR!Module!CP"AG!–!52! !
! Selecting!at!least!5!trees!covering!the!range!of!DBH!existing!in!the!project!area! (but!excluding!trees!less!than!15!years!old!for!which!there!is!rarely!a!great! relative!inaccuracy!in!equations),!and!felling!and!weighting!the!above"ground! biomass!to!determine!the!total!(wet)!weight!of!the!stem!and!branch! components;! ! Extracting!and!immediately!weighing!subsamples!from!each!of!the!wet!stem! and!branch!components,!followed!by!oven!drying!at!70oC!to!determine!dry! biomass;! ! Determining!the!total!dry!weight!of!each!tree!from!the!wet!weights!and!the! averaged!ratios!of!wet!and!dry!weights!of!the!stem!and!branch!components.! ! 2b.!Limited!Measurements! ! Select!at!least!10!trees!per!species!distributed!across!the!age!range!(but! excluding!trees!less!than!15!years!old!for!which!there!is!rarely!a!great!relative! inaccuracy!in!equations)! ! Calculate!volume!of!tree!from!basal!and!top!diameters!and!tree!height.! Multiply!by!species"specific!density!to!gain!biomass!of!bole.!Add!an!additional! 20%!to!approximately!cover!biomass!of!branches! ! If!the!biomass!of!the!harvested!trees!is!within!±10%!of!the!mean!values! predicted!by!the!selected!default!allometric!equation,!and!is!not!biased,!then! mean!values!from!the!equation!may!be!used.!Otherwise,!the!equation!must!be! re"parameterized!to!conform!to!the!validation!data!before!using,!or!another! equation!selected.! !
Data!/!parameter:! fj(vegetation!parameters!)!! Data!unit:! t.!d.m.!individual"1! Used!in!equations:! 13! Description:! Allometric!equation!for!non"tree!species!l!linking!parameters!such!as!stem! count,!diameter!of!crown,!height,!or!others!to!above"ground!biomass!of!an! individual! Source!of!data:! Whenever!available,!use!allometric!equations!that!are!species"specific!or!group! of!species"specific,!provided!the!equations!have!been!derived!using!a!wide! range!of!diameters!and!heights,!based!on!datasets!that!comprise!at!least!30! individuals.! Project!participants!may!create!project!location!specific!equation!where! appropriate.! Measurement! It!is!necessary!to!verify!the!applicability!of!existing!equations!used.! procedures!(if!any):! Allometric!equations!can!be!verified!either!by:! 1.!Review!of!source!data!from!which!equation!was!derived!and!confirmation! that!the!source!data!is!representative!of!the!species!and!conditions!in!the! project!and!covers!the!range!of!potential!sizes.! 2!Destructive!Sampling! ! Selecting!at!least!5!individuals!covering!the!range!of!sizes!existing,!and!felling! and!weighting!the!above"ground!biomass!to!determine!the!total!(wet)!weight! of!the!stem!and!branch!components;!
!!! AR!Module!CP"AG!–!53! !
! Extracting!and!immediately!weighing!subsamples!from!each!of!the!wet!stem! and!branch!components,!followed!by!oven!drying!at!70oC!to!determine!dry! biomass;! ! Determining!the!total!dry!weight!of!each!individual!from!the!wet!weights!and! the!averaged!ratios!of!wet!and!dry!weights!of!the!stem!and!branch! components.! If!the!biomass!of!the!harvested!individual!is!within!±10%!of!the!mean!values! predicted!by!the!selected!default!allometric!equation,!and!is!not!biased,!then! mean!values!from!the!equation!may!be!used.!Otherwise,!the!equation!must!be! re"parameterized!to!conform!to!the!validation!data!before!using,!or!another! equation!selected.! ! To!create!a!new!allometric!equation:! Follow!guidance!in:!Pearson,!T.,!Walker,!S.!and!Brown,!S.!2005.!Sourcebook!for! Land!Use,!Land"Use!Change!and!Forestry!Projects.!Winrock!International!and! the!World!Bank!Biocarbon!Fund.!57pp.!Available!at:! http://www.winrock.org/Ecosystems/files/Winrock" BioCarbon_Fund_Sourcebook"compressed.pdf! Any!comment:! ! IV.!Data!and!Parameters!Monitored!! Data!/!parameter:! V! Data!unit:! m3! Used!in!equations:! 1,!8! Description:! Merchantable!volume!of!tree! ! Source!of!data:! Calculated!from!volume!tables!or!equations!linking!diameter!(DBH,!at!typically! 1.3!m!above"ground!level),!and!also!preferably!merchantable!height!(MH),!to! commercial!(merchantable)!volume!of!trees!above!some!minimum!DBH!in!the! sample!plots.! If!locally!derived!equations!or!yield!tables!are!not!available!use!relevant! regional,!national!or!default!data!as!appropriate!and!validated!(as!per!validation! procedures!for!allometric!equations).!! ! Measurement! Commercial!volume!can!be!alternatively!measured!directly!using!appropriate! procedures!(if!any):! field!instruments!(e.g.!a!relascope).! Any!comment:! ! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! Asp! Data!unit:! ha! Used!in!equations:! 2,!5,!9! Description:! Total!area!of!all!sample!plots! Source!of!data:! Recording!and!archiving!of!number!and!size!of!sample!plots! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Monitoring! !
!!! AR!Module!CP"AG!–!54! ! frequency:! QA/QC!procedures:! ! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! DBH! Data!unit:! cm! Used!in!equations:! 3,!7! Description:! Diameter!at!breast!height!of!tree! Source!of!data:! Field!measurements!in!sample!plots! Measurement! Typically!measured!1.3m!above"ground.!Measure!all!trees!above!some! procedures!(if!any):! minimum!DBH!in!the!sample!plots.!The!minimum!DBH!varies!depending!on!tree! species!and!climate;!for!instance,!the!minimum!DBH!may!be!as!small!as!2.5!cm! or!as!high!as!20cm!! Monitoring! ! frequency:! QA/QC!procedures:! ! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! H! Data!unit:! m! Used!in!equations:! 3,!7! Description:! Total!height!of!tree! Source!of!data:! Field!measurements!in!sample!plots! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Monitoring! ! frequency:! QA/QC!procedures:! ! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! Asp! Data!unit:! m"2! Used!in!equations:! 1,4! Description:! Total!area!of!all!sample!plots!! Source!of!data:! ! Recording!and!archiving!of!number!and!size!of!sample!plots! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! !!
!!! AR!Module!CP"AG!–!55! !
!
Data!/!parameter:! CAG,nontree_sample,sp,i,t! Data!unit:! Kg!dry!matter! Used!in!equations:! 13! Description:! Carbon!stock!in!above!ground!non"tree!vegetation!in!sample!plot!sfp!in!stratum! i!at!time!t!from!sampling!frame!method! Source!of!data:! Field!measurement!of!wet!weight,!wet"to"dry!ratio!determined!from!sub" sample!and!used!to!calculate!dry!weight!of!entire!sampling!frame!! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! Asampleframe Data!unit:! m"2! Used!in!equations:! 13! Description:! Area!of!one!sampling!frame! Source!of!data:! Recording!and!archiving!size!of!sampling!frame!plot! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! vegetation_parameters Data!unit:! Unknown! Used!in!equations:! 13! Description:! Parameters!such!as!stem!count,!diameter!of!crown,!height!or!other!parameters! used!in!selected!allometric!equation!to!estimate!the!aboveground!biomass!of! non"tree!vegetation! Source!of!data:! Field!measurements! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! Ar! Data!unit:! Hectares! Used!in!equations:! 15! Description:! Total!area!of!all!non"tree!allometric!method!sample!plots!in!stratum!i! Source!of!data:! Recording!and!archiving!size!of!non"tree!allometric!method!sample!plot! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! !
!!! AR!Module!CP"BG!–!56! !
!"#$%&'()(*(+,-!*#$().*%#! CP"BG!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in! carbon!stocks!in!the!belowground!biomass!pool!
I.!SCOPE,!APPLICAGILITY!AND!PARAMETERS!
Scope! This!module!allows!for!calculating!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in!belowground!biomass.!!
This!module!is!based!on!the!module:!
! REDD!Methodological!Module!“Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon! stocks!in!the!belowground!biomass!pool”!(text!in!blue)! This!module!draws!content!from:!
! AR"ACM0001!“Afforestation!and!reforestation!of!degraded!land”! !
Applicability! Belowground!biomass!stock!is!expected!to!increase!due!to!the!implementation!of!the!A/R!project! activity.!Therefore,!this!pool!is!highly!recommended!but!optional.!!
Parameters! This!module!produces!the!following!parameters:!
Parameter! SI!Unit! Description " #CBG,i,t! t!CO2"e!ha Carbon!stock!changes!in!belowground!!biomass!in!strata!i!at!time!t! 1! " CBG,i,t! t!CO2"e!ha Carbon!stock!in!belowground!biomass!in!strata!i!at!time!t! 1! ! "1 UncertaintyBG,i,t! %!ha ! Uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!changes!in!BG!biomass!in!strata!i!at!time!t!
II.!PROCEDURES! Total!belowground!biomass!carbon!stocks!shall!be!estimated!as!follows:!
BG ,, ti # CC BG tree ,,_ ti ' C BG nontree ,,_ ti !!!!!!!! (1)!
!!! AR!Module!CP"BG!–!57! !
C "#" C "' C BG ,, ti BG tree ,,_ ti BG nontree ,,_ ti !!!!!!!! (2)!
2 2 Uncertaint y "C_BG, i, t # U C BG tree ,,__ ti ' U C BG nontree ,,__ ti ! Where:!
"1! CBG,i,t! Mean!belowground!biomass!carbon!stock!in!stratum!i!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e!ha
"1! CBG_tree,i,t! Mean!belowground!tree!biomass!carbon!stock!in!stratum!i!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e!ha
"1 CBG_nontree,i,t!! Mean!belowground!biomass!carbon!stock!in!stratum!i!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e!ha !!
#CBG,i,t!!Annual!net!carbon!stock!change!in!belowground!biomass!for!stratum!i,!at!time!t;! "1! "1! t!CO2"e!ha yr
#CBG_tree,i,t!!Annual!net!carbon!stock!change!in!tree!belowground!biomass!for!stratum!i,!at! "1! "1! time!t;!t!CO2"e!ha yr
#Cnon"tree,i,t!!Annual!net!carbon!stock!change!in!non"tree!vegetation!carbon!stock!for!stratum! "1! "1! i,!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e!ha yr
Uncertainty!#CBG,i,t! Percentage!uncertainty!in!the!net!carbon!stock!change!in!BG!biomass!for! stratum!i!at!time!t;!%!!
UC_BG_tree,I,t! Percentage!uncertainty!(expressed!as!90%!confidence!interval!as!a!percentage! of!the!mean)!in!the!net!carbon!stock!change!in!BG!tree!biomass!for!stratum!i!at! time!t;!%!!
UC_BG_non_tree,I,t! Percentage!uncertainty!(expressed!as!90%!confidence!interval!as!a!percentage! of!the!mean)!in!the!net!carbon!stock!change!in!BG!non"tree!biomass!for!stratum! i!at!time!t;!%!!
Part!1!–!Belowground!Tree!Biomass!
1.1!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!in!belowground!tree!biomass! The! mean! carbon! stock! in! belowground! tree! biomass! per! unit! area! is! estimated! based! on! field! measurements!of!aboveground!parameters!in!sample!plots.!Root:shoot!ratios!are!coupled!with!either!of! two!methods,!Biomass!Conversion!and!Expansion!Factors!(BCEF)!or!the!Allometric!Equations!method,!to! calculate!belowground!from!aboveground!biomass.!If!belowground!biomass!increment!is!monitored!in! the!project,!plots!must!be!permanent.!
!!! AR!Module!CP"BG!–!58! !
1.1.1 Root:shoot!ratio!and!BCEF!method! 1.1.1!Step!1:!!Determine!based!on!available!data,!e.g.!volume!tables!(ex!ante)!and!measurements!(ex! post),! the! diameter! (DBH,! at! typically! 1.3! m! [4.3! ft]! above"ground! level),! and! also! preferably! merchantable!height!(MH),!of!all!the!trees!above!some!minimum!DBH!in!the!sample!plots.!
1.1.1! Step! 2:!!Estimate! the! volume! of! the! commercial! (merchantable)! component! of! trees! based! on! available! equations! or! yield! tables! (if! locally! derived! equations! or! yield! tables! are! not! available! use! relevant!regional,!national!or!default!data!as!appropriate!and!validated!(see!parameters)).!It!is!possible! to!combine!steps!1!and!2!if!there!are!field!instruments!(e.g.!a!relascope)!that!measure!the!volume!of! each!tree!more!directly.!
1.1.1!Step!3:!Choose!appropriate!BCEF!and!root:shoot!ratio.!If!relevant!information!is!available!the!BCEF! and!root:shoot!ratios!should!be!adjusted!for!forest!type!or!stand!structure.!
1.1.1! Step! 4:! Convert! the! volume! of! the! commercial! component! of! the! trees! into! the! plot! level! belowground!biomass!carbon!stock.!Volumes!are!summed!to!the!plot!level! before!applying!the!BCEF! and!root:shoot!ratio.!
S / N ij sp t #0,,, , C # - BCEF R ** CF V * !!!!!! !(3)! BB tree sp ,,,_ ti $$- jjj ijl sp,,,, t * j##11. l + where:!
! CBG_tree,sp,i!t! Belowground!biomass!carbon!stock!of!trees!in!plot!sp,!in!stratum!i!at!time!t;!t!C!
3 Vl,j,i,sp,t! Merchantable!volume!of!tree!l!of!species!j!in!plot!sp!in!stratum!i!at!time!t,!m !
BCEFj! Biomass!conversion!and!expansion!factor!for!conversion!of!merchantable! volume!to!total!above"ground!tree!biomass!for!tree!species!j;!dimensionless!
"1 Rj! Root:shoot!ratio!for!tree!species!j;!t!root!d.m.!t !shoot!d.m.!!
CFj! Carbon!fraction!of!biomass!for!tree!species!j;!t!C!t"1!d.m.!! l! 1,!2,!3,!…N!sequence!number!of!trees!! i! 1,!2,!3,!…M!strata!! j! 1,!2,!3!…!S!!tree!species!! t! 0,1,!2,!3!…!t!years!elapsed!since!start!of!the!project!activity!
!!! AR!Module!CP"BG!–!59! !
!
1.1.1!Step!5:!Calculate!the!mean!belowground!biomass!carbon!stock!for!each!stratum,!converted!to! carbon!dioxide!equivalents:!
!
1 Pi 44 CBB tree ,,_ ti # *$CBB tree sp ,,__ ti * !!!!!!! (4)! Aspi sp#1 12
! where:!
"1! CBG_tree,i,t! Mean!belowground!biomass!carbon!stock!in!stratum!i!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e!ha
CBG_tree_sp,i!t! Mean!belowground!biomass!carbon!stock!of!trees!in!plot!sp,!in!stratum!i!at!time! t;!t!C!!
Aspi! Total!area!of!all!sample!plots!in!stratum!i;!ha! sp! 1,!2,!3!…!Pi!sample!plots!in!stratum!i!! i! 1,!2,!3!…!M!strata!! t! 0,1,!2,!3!…!t!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!the!project!activity!
"1 44/12!!Ratio!of!molecular!weight!of!CO2!to!carbon,!t!CO2"e!t!C ! !
1.1.2!Root:shoot!ratio!and!Allometric!Equation!method! ! 1.1.2!Step!1:!As!with!Step!1!of!the!BCEF!method.!
1.1.2!Step!2:!Select!an!appropriate!root:shoot!ratio!and!select!or!develop!an!appropriate!and!validated! allometric!equation!(if!possible!species"specific,!or!if!not!from!a!similar!species).!
1.1.2!Step!3:!Estimate!carbon!stock!in!belowground!biomass!for!each!individual!tree!l!of!species!j!in!the! sample! plot! located!in! stratum!i! using! the! selected! root:shoot!ratio! to!convert!belowground!biomass! from!aboveground!biomass!calculated!using!the!selected/developed!allometric!equation!applied!to!the! tree! dimensions! resulting! from! Step! 1! (if! using! height,! use! total! height! (H)! in! place! of! merchantable! height!(MH)),!and!sum!the!carbon!stocks!in!the!sample!plot:!
!!! AR!Module!CP"BG!–!60! !
N j sp ,,, ti !!!!!!! (5)! CBB tree ij sp,,,,_ t # $ f j %&DBH RH **, CFjj l#1 where:!
CBG_tree,j,i,sp,t! Carbon!stock!in!belowground!biomass!of!trees!of!species!j!in!sample!plot!sp!in! stratum!i!at!time!t;!t!C!tree"1!
CFj! Carbon!fraction!of!biomass!for!tree!species!j;!t!C!t"1!d.m.!! fj(DBH,H)! Allometric!equation!for!species!j!linking!diameter!at!breast!height!(DBH)!and! possibly!total!height!(H)!to!above"ground!biomass!of!trees;!t.!d.m.!tree"1!
"1 Rj! Root:shoot!ratio!for!tree!species!j;!t!root!d.m.!t !shoot!d.m.!! i! 1,!2,!3,!…M!strata!! j! 1,!2,!3!…!S!!tree!species!! l! 1,!2,!3,!…!Nj,i,sp,t!sequence!number!of!individual!trees!of!species!j!in!sample!plot! sp!in!stratum!i!at!time!t! t! 0,1,!2,!3!…!t!!years!elapsed!since!start!of!the!project!activity!
! 1.1.2!Step!4:!Calculate!total!carbon!stock!in!the!belowground!biomass!of!all!trees!present!in!the!sample! plot!sp!in!stratum!i!at!time!t!
S !!!!!!!! (6)! C BB tree i sp,,,_ t # $ C BB tree ij sp,,,,_ t j#1 where:!
CBG_tree,i,sp,t! Belowground!biomass!carbon!stock!in!trees!in!sample!plot!sp!of!stratum!i!at! time!t,!t!C!
CBG_tree,,j,i,sp,t! Carbon!stock!in!belowground!biomass!of!trees!of!species!j!in!sample!plot!sp!in! stratum!i!at!time!t;!t!C!tree"1! i! 1,!2,!3,!…M!strata! j! 1,!2,!3!…!S!tree!species! t! 0,1,!2,!3!…!t!!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!the!project!activity!
!
!!! AR!Module!CP"BG!–!61! !
1.1.2!Step!5:!Calculate!the!mean!carbon!stock!in!belowground!biomass!for!each!stratum,!converted!to! carbon!dioxide!equivalents:!
!
1 Pi 44 CBB tree ,,_ ti # *$CBB tree i sp,,,_ t * !!!!!!! (7)! Aspi sp#1 12
! where:!
"1! CBG_tree,i,t! Mean!belowground!biomass!carbon!stock!in!stratum!i!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e!ha
CBG_tree,i,sp,t! Belowground!biomass!carbon!stock!in!trees!in!sample!plot!sp!of!stratum!i!at! time!t,!t!C!
Aspi! Total!area!of!all!sample!plots!in!stratum!i;!ha! sp! 1,!2,!3!…!Pi!sample!plots!in!stratum!i!! i! 1,!2,!3!…!M!strata!! t! 0,1,!2,!3!…!t!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!the!project!activity!
"1 44/12!!Ratio!of!molecular!weight!of!CO2!to!carbon,!t!CO2"e!t!C ! !
1.2!Actual!carbon!stock!change!in!belowground!biomass!in!the!with"project!scenario! Two! alternative! methods! are! provided! for! accounting! forest! growth! in! belowground! biomass! in! the! with"project!case,!either:!
3. Carbon!gain!–!loss!method!
4. Stock!change!method!
1.2.1.!Carbon!gain!–!loss!method:! Carbon! stock! changes! in! belowground! biomass! are! calculated! using! the! gain"loss! method,! where! incremental! growth! minus! mortality! (conservatively! treated! as! an! immediate! emission! in! the! project! case)! equals! net! change! in! carbon! stocks.! Using! this! method,! permanent! sample! plots! are! required.! Treating!belowground!biomass!mortality!as!an!immediate!emission!also!reconciles!with!the!assumption!
!!! AR!Module!CP"BG!–!62! ! that! soil! organic! carbon! stocks,! to! which! dead! belowground! biomass! is! eventually! transferred,! are! steady!state!(inputs!equal!decomposition)!employed!in!the!soil!organic!carbon!module.!
"C BB treei ,_ t "# C G BB treei ,_, t "( C L BB treei ,_, t !!!!!!! (8)!
Where:!
#CBG_tree!i,t! Annual!net!carbon!stock!change!in!belowground!biomass!for!stratum!i,!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e! ha"1!yr"1!
#CG,BG_tree!i,t!! Annual!increase!in!carbon!stock!due!to!belowground!biomass!growth!for!stratum!i,!at! "1! "1! time!t;!t!CO2"e!ha yr
#CL,BG_tree!i,t!! Annual!decrease!in!belowground!biomass!carbon!stock!due!to!tree!mortality!for!stratum! "1! "1! i,!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e!ha yr i! 1,!2,!3!…!M!strata!in!the!baseline!scenario! t! 1,!2,!3!…!t!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!the!project!activity!
The! annual! decrease! in! belowground! biomass! carbon! stock! for! stratum! i! at! time! t! (#CL,BG_tree! i,t)! is! calculated! in! the! same! way! as! belowground! biomass! carbon! stocks! (equations! 1"5,! but! instead!
"1! "1 expressed!as!t!CO2"e!ha yr ),!restricting!per!tree!biomass!estimates!to!trees!present!at!time!t"1!but! absent!or!visibly!dead!at!time!t.!
The! annual! increase! in! carbon! stock! due! to! biomass! growth! for! stratum! i! at! time! t! (#CG,BG_tree! i,t)! are! estimated! through! the! following! steps! using! root:shoot! ratios! coupled! with! aboveground! biomass! determined! through! either! the! Allometric! Equation! method! or,! where! allometric! equations! are! not! available,!restricting!estimation!of!aboveground!biomass!increment!to!the!commercial!stem!component! (conservative)7.!Trees!used!in!the!estimation!are!restricted!to!trees!present!at!both!time!t!and!time!t"1,! and!trees!present!at!time!t!but!absent!(i.e.!below!minimum!diameter!threshold)!at!time!t"1!(incremental! growth! of! recruiting! stems),! in! which! case! diameter! at! time! t"1! is! set! as! the! minimum! diameter! measured!in!the!sample!plots.!
1.2.1!Step!1:!Estimate!annual!increase!in!belowground!biomass!carbon!stock!of!trees!in!sample!plot!sp! in!stratum!i!at!time!t.!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 7 Note that Biomass Conversion and Expansion Factors (BCEFs) are not applied on a per stem basis, hence cannot be used to calculate biomass increment per stem
!!! AR!Module!CP"BG!–!63! !
1.2.1.1!For!Allometric!method!
N j sp ,,, ti S "C # f DBH RH **, CF ( f DBH RH **, CF G BB tree i sp,,,__ t $$j#1 %&%&jjttj %&%&(( 11 jjttj ! (9)! l#1 !! where:!
#CG,BG_tree,,i,sp,t!!!!Annual!increase!in!aboveground!biomass!carbon!stock!of!trees!in!sample! ! plot!sp!in!stratum!i!at!time!t;!t!C!yr"1!
CFj! Carbon!fraction!of!biomass!for!tree!species!j;!t!C!t"1!d.m.!! fj(DBH,H)! Allometric!equation!for!species!j!linking!diameter!at!breast!height!(DBH)!and! "1 possibly!total!height!(H)!to!above"ground!biomass!of!trees;!t.!d.m.!tree ;!DBHt"1! of!trees!absent!at!time!t"1!is!equal!to!the!minimum!DBH!measured!in!the! sample!plots!
"1 Rj! Root:shoot!ratio!for!tree!species!j;!t!root!d.m.!t !shoot!d.m.!! i! 1,!2,!3,!…M!strata!! j! 1,!2,!3!…!S!!tree!species!! l! 1,!2,!3,!…!Nj,i,sp,t!sequence!number!of!individual!trees!of!species!j!in!sample!plot! sp!in!stratum!i!at!time!t;!restricted!to!trees!present!at!both!time!t!and!time!t"1,! and!trees!present!at!time!t!but!absent!at!time!t"1! t! 1,!2,!3!…!t!years!elapsed!since!start!of!the!project!activity!
!
1.2.1.2!For!Commercial!stem!component!only!
S N ij sp,,, t "CG BB tree sp ,,,__ ti # $$%&ijl sp,,,, RDV *** CFjjjt ( %&ijl sp (1,,,, RDV *** CFjjjt !! (10)! j#1 l#1 !!!! where:!
#CG_BG_tree,sp,i!t! Annual!increase!in!belowground!biomass!carbon!stock!of!trees!in!sample!plot!sp! in!stratum!i!at!time!t;!t!C!yr"1!!
Vl,j,i,sp,t! Merchantable!volume!of!tree!l!of!species!j!in!sample!plot!sp!in!stratum!i!at!time! 3 t,!m ;!Vl,j,i,sp,t"1!of!trees!absent!at!time!t"1!is!equal!to!the!volume!corresponding!to! the!minimum!DBH!measured!in!the!sample!plots!
!!! AR!Module!CP"BG!–!64! !
"3! Dj! Basic!wood!density!of!species!j;!t!d.m.m
"1 Rj! Root:shoot!ratio!for!tree!species!j;!t!root!d.m.!t !shoot!d.m.!!
"1 CFj! Carbon!fraction!of!biomass!for!tree!species!j;!t!C!t !d.m.!! l! 1,!2,!3,!…!Nj,i,sp,t!sequence!number!of!individual!trees!of!species!j!in!sample!plot! sp!in!stratum!i!at!time!t;!restricted!to!trees!present!at!both!time!t!and!time!t"1,! and!trees!present!at!time!t!but!absent!at!time!t"1! i! 1,!2,!3,!…M!strata!! j! 1,!2,!3!…!S!!tree!species!! t! 1,!2,!3!…!t!years!elapsed!since!start!of!the!project!activity!
!
1.2.1!Step!2:!Calculate!the!mean!annual!increase!in!belowground!biomass!carbon!stock!of!trees!for!each! stratum,!converted!to!carbon!dioxide!equivalents:!
1 Pi 44 "CG BB tree ,,__ ti # *$"CG BB tree i sp,,,__ t * !!!!!! (11)! Aspi sp#1 12 where:!
#CG_BG_tree,i,t! Mean!annual!increase!in!belowground!biomass!carbon!stock!of!trees!in!stratum! "1 "1! i!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e!ha !yr
#CG,BG_tree,,i,sp,t!!!!Annual!increase!in!belowground!biomass!carbon!stock!of!trees!in!plot!sp!in! stratum!i!at!time!t;!t!C!yr"1!
Aspi! Total!area!of!all!sample!plots!in!stratum!i;!ha! sp! 1,!2,!3!…!Pi!sample!plots!in!stratum!i!! i! 1,!2,!3!…!M!strata!! t! 1,!2,!3!…!t!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!the!project!activity!
"1 44/12!!Ratio!of!molecular!weight!of!CO2!to!carbon,!t!CO2"e!t!C !
!!! AR!Module!CP"BG!–!65! !
1.2.2.!Stock!change!method:! In!this!method,!carbon!stock!changes!in!belowground!biomass!are!estimated!by!comparing!the!carbon! stocks!within!the!project!area!at!two!time!periods.!Using!this!method,!permanent!sample!plots!cannot! be!used.!!
CBB tree ti 2,,_ ( CBB tree ti 1,,_ C #" !! ! ! ! ! ! (12)! BB treei,_ t T where:!
#CBG_tree,i,t! Annual!net!carbon!stock!change!in!belowground!biomass!for!stratum!i,!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e! ha"1!yr"1!
CBG_tree,i,t2!! Total!carbon!stock!in!belowground!biomass!carbon!stock!for!stratum!i,!at!time!t2;!t!CO2" e!ha"1!yr"1!
CBG_tree,i,1t!! Total!carbon!stock!in!belowground!biomass!carbon!stock!for!stratum!i,!at!time!t1! "1! "1! (previous!monitoring!event);!t!CO2"e!ha yr i! 1,!2,!3!…!M!strata!within!the!project!boundary! t! 1,!2,!3!…!t!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!the!project!activity!
T! number!of!years!between!monitoring!points!t1!and!t2! !
Part!2:!Belowground!non"tree!woody!biomass!!
2.1!Estimation!of!belowground!carbon!stocks!in!non"tree!vegetation! The!mean!carbon!stock!in!belowground!biomass!per!unit!area!is!estimated!based!on!field!measurements! of!aboveground!parameters!in!sample!plots.!Root:shoot!ratios!are!coupled!with!the!aboveground! biomass!estimate!!to!calculate!belowground!from!aboveground!biomass.!!
2.1!Step!1:!Select!an!appropriate!root:shoot!ratio!!
2.1!Step!2:!Using!the!module:!“CP"AnT!Aboveground!tree!–!AR”,!calculate:!
CAG_nontree,i,sp,t! Aboveground!biomass!carbon!stock!in!nontree!vegetation!in!sample!plot!sp!of! stratum!i!at!time!t,!t!C!
!!
!!! AR!Module!CP"BG!–!66! !
2.1!Step!3:!!Use!the!appropriate!root:shoot!ratio!to!estimate!the!belowground!biomass!
C # C * R BG nontree i sp ,,,_ t AG nontree i sp it sp ,,,,,_ t !!!!!!!! (13) ! ! Where:
CAG_nontree,i,sp,t! Aboveground!biomass!carbon!stock!in!nontree!vegetation!in!sample!plot!sp!of!stratum!i! at!time!t,!t!C!
CBG_nontree,i,sp,t! Belowground!biomass!carbon!stock!in!nontree!vegetation!in!sample!plot!sp!of!stratum!i! at!time!t,!t!C!
"1 Ri,sp,t! Root:shoot!ratio!for!vegetation!type;!t!root!d.m.!t !shoot!d.m.!
2.1!Step!4:!Calculate!the!mean!carbon!stock!in!belowground!biomass!for!each!stratum,!converted!to! carbon!dioxide!equivalents:!
1 Pi 44 CBG nontree ,,_ ti # *$CBG nontreei sp,,,_ t * !!!!!!! (14)! Aspi sp#1 12 where:!
"1! CBG_nontree,i,t! Mean!belowground!biomass!carbon!stock!in!stratum!i!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e!ha
CBG_tree,i,sp,t! Belowground!biomass!carbon!stock!in!nontree!vegetation!in!sample!plot!sp!of! stratum!i!at!time!t,!t!C!
Aspi! Total!area!of!all!sample!plots!in!stratum!i;!ha! sp! 1,!2,!3!…!Pi!sample!plots!in!stratum!i!! i! 1,!2,!3!…!M!strata!! t! 0,1,2,3,!…t!!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!the!project!activity!
"1 44/12!!Ratio!of!molecular!weight!of!CO2!to!carbon,!t!CO2"e!t!C !! !
2.2!Actual!carbon!stock!change!in!belowground!non"tree!carbon!stocks!! This!method!uses!the!stock!change!method.!
In!this!method,!carbon!stock!changes!in!the!non"tree!pool!are!estimated!by!comparing!the!carbon!stocks! within!the!project!area!at!two!time!periods.!Using!this!method,!permanent!sample!plots!should!not!be! used.!
!!! AR!Module!CP"BG!–!67! !
CBG nontree ti 2,,_ ( CBG nontree ti 1,,_ "C # !!!!! (15)! BG nontree ti 2,,_ T where:!
#CBG_nontree,i,t2!!Annual!net!carbon!stock!change!in!belowground!non"tree!vegetation!carbon! "1! "1 stock!for!stratum!i,!at!time!t2;!t!CO2"e!ha yr !
CBG_nontree,i,2t! Mean!carbon!stock!in!belowground!non"tree!vegetation!carbon!for!stratum!i,!at! "1 time!t2;!t!CO2"e!ha !
CBG_nontree,i,t1! Mean!carbon!stock!in!belowground!non"tree!vegetation!carbon!for!stratum!i,!at! "1 time!t1!(previous!monitoring!event);!t!CO2"e!ha ! i!!1,!2,!3!…!M!strata!within!the!project!boundary! t!!1,!2,!3!…!t!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!the!project!activity!
T!!number!of!years!between!monitoring!points!t1!and!t2!
!!! AR!Module!CP"BG!–!68! !
III.!Data!and!Parameters!Not!Monitored!(Default!or!Possibly!Measured!One!Time)! Data!/!parameter:! CF! Data!unit:! t!C!t"1!d.m.! Used!in!equations:! 1,!3,!7,!8! Description:! Carbon!fraction!of!dry!matter! Source!of!data:! Default!value!0.47!t!C!t"1!d.m.!can!be!used,!or!species!specific!values!from!the! literature!(e.g.!IPCC!2006!INV!GLs!AFOLU!Chapter!4!Table!4.3)! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! BCEF! Data!unit:! Dimensionless! Used!in!equations:! 1! Description:! Biomass!conversion!and!expansion!factor!for!conversion!of!commercial!wood! volume!to!total!above"ground!tree!biomass! Source!of!data:! The!source!of!data!shall!be!chosen!with!priority!from!higher!to!lower!preference! as!follows:! (a)!!!!Existing!local!and!forest!type"specific;! (b)!!!!National!and!forest!type"specific!or!eco"region"specific!(e.g.!from!national! GHG!inventory);! (c)!!!!Forest!type"specific!or!eco"region"specific!from!neighboring!countries!with! similar!conditions.!Sometimes!(c)!might!be!preferable!to!(b);! (d)!!!!Global!forest!type!or!eco"region"specific!(e.g.!IPCC!2006!INV!GLs!AFOLU! Chapter!4!Table!4.5)! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! Alternatively,!BCEF,!where!not!directly!available,!can!be!calculated!as!wood! density!(t!dry!mass!m"3!green!volume)!*!BEF!(Biomass!Expansion!Factor!=!ratio! of!aboveground!biomass!to!biomass!of!the!commercial!volume)! Species"specific!BCEFs!may!not!always!be!available,!and!may!be!difficult!to!apply! with!certainty!in!the!typically!species!rich!forests!of!the!humid!tropics,!hence!it! is!acceptable!practice!to!use!BCEFs!developed!for!regions!or!groups!of!species,! provided!that!their!accuracy!has!been!validated!with!direct!site"specific!data! (per!guidance!below).! It!is!necessary!to!verify!the!applicability!of!BCEFs!used.! BCEFs!are!verified!by!both:! ! 1.!Review!of!source!data!from!which!BCEF!was!derived!and!confirmation!that! the!source!data!is!representative!of!the!forest!type!and!conditions!in!the! project!and!covers!the!range!of!potential!commercial!volumes.! ! and!by!assessing!accuracy!of!BCEF!on!a!per!tree!basis!by:! ! 2.!Limited!Destructive!Sampling!
!!! AR!Module!CP"BG!–!69! !
! Select!at!least!5!trees!covering!the!range!of!DBH!existing!in!the!project!area ! Measure!DBH!and!commercial!height!and!calculate!volume!using!the!same! procedures/equations!used!to!generate!commercial!volumes!to!which! BCEFs!will!be!applied! ! Fell!and!weigh!the!above"ground!biomass!to!determine!the!total!(wet)! weight!of!the!stem!and!branch!components;! ! Extract!and!immediately!weigh!subsamples!from!each!of!the!wet!stem!and! branch!components,!followed!by!oven!drying!at!70oC!to!determine!dry! biomass;! ! Determine!the!total!aboveground!biomass!(t)!of!each!tree!from!the!wet! weights!and!the!averaged!ratios!of!wet!and!dry!weights!of!the!stem!and! branch!components! ! If!the!total!aboveground!biomass!of!the!harvested!trees!is!within!±10%!of!the! total!aboveground!biomass!predicted!by!the!selected!default!BCEF!(applied!to! the!calculated!commercial!volume),!and!is!not!biased,!then!values!from!the! BCEF!may!be!used.!Otherwise,!the!BCEF!must!be!re"parameterized!to!conform! to!the!validation!data!before!using,!or!another!BCEF!selected.! ! Data!/!parameter:! D! Data!unit:! t!d.m.!m"3! Used!in!equations:! 8! Description:! Basic!wood!density!! Source!of!data:! The!source!of!data!shall!be!chosen!with!priority!from!higher!to!lower!preference! as!follows:! (a)!!National!species"specific!or!group!of!species"specific!(e.g.!from!National! GHG!inventory);! (b)!!Species"specific!or!group!of!species"specific!from!neighboring!countries!with! similar!conditions.!Sometimes!(b)!may!be!preferable!to!(a);! (c)!!Global!species"specific!or!group!of!species"specific!(e.g.!IPCC!2006!INV!GLs! AFOLU!Chapter!4!Tables!4.13!and!4.14).! Species"specific!wood!densities!may!not!always!be!available,!and!may!be! difficult!to!apply!with!certainty!in!the!typically!species!rich!forests!of!the!humid! tropics,!hence!it!is!acceptable!practice!to!use!wood!densities!developed!for! forest!types!or!species!groups.! Measurement! N/A! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! Wood!densities!must!be!validated!with!either!limited!destructive!sampling!or! direct!measurement!of!wood!hardness!(e.g.!with!a!Pilodyn!wood!tester)!in!the! field!and!correlating!with!wood!density.!Samples!or!measurements!should!be! from!20"30!trees.!For!validation!of!mean!forest!type!or!species!group!wood! densities,!representation!of!species!in!the!sample!should!be!proportional!to! their!occurrence!in!terms!of!basal!area!or!volume!in!the!project!area!(not! abundance!or!stem!density).!Samples!should!provide!representation!across!the! length!of!the!tree.! !
!!! AR!Module!CP"BG!–!70! !
Wood!samples!are!cut!in!discs!and!thickness!and!diameter!measured!to! calculate!green!volume.!!Samples!are!oven!dried!(70o!C)!to!a!constant!weight!in! the!laboratory,!and!density!calculated!as!dry!weight!(g)!per!unit!green!volume! (cm3).!!! If!the!density!of!the!samples/measurements!(or!mean!density!in!the!case!of! forest!type!or!species!group!means)!is!within!±10%!of!the!selected!density! values,!then!the!selected!density!values!may!be!used.!Otherwise,!a!new!density! value!must!be!developed!with!more!extensive!sampling,!using!the!validation! samples!as!a!base.!! !
Data!/!parameter:! fj(DBH,H)! Data!unit:! t!d.m.!tree"3! Used!in!equations:! 3,!7! Description:! Allometric!equation!for!species!j!linking!diameter!at!breast!height!(DBH)!and! possibly!total!height!(H)!to!above"ground!biomass!of!living!trees! Source!of!data:! Whenever!available,!use!allometric!equations!that!are!species"specific!or!group! of!species"specific,!provided!the!equations!have!been!derived!using!a!wide!range! of!diameters!and!heights,!based!on!datasets!that!comprise!at!least!20!trees.! Otherwise,!default!equations!from!IPCC!literature,!national!inventory!reports!or! published!peer"reviewed!studies!may!be!used!–!such!as!those!provided!Tables! 4.A.1!to!4.A.3!of!the!GPG"LULUCF!(IPCC!2003)!or!in! Pearson,!T.,!Walker,!S.!and!Brown,!S.!2005.!Sourcebook!for!Land!Use,!Land"Use! Change!and!Forestry!Projects.!Winrock!International!and!the!World!Bank! Biocarbon!Fund.!57pp.!Available!at:! http://www.winrock.org/Ecosystems/files/Winrock" BioCarbon_Fund_Sourcebook"compressed.pdf!! Species"specific!allometric!equations!may!not!always!be!available,!and!may!be! difficult!to!apply!with!certainty!in!the!typically!species!rich!forests!of!the!humid! tropics,!hence!it!is!acceptable!practice!to!use!equations!developed!for!regions!or! groups!of!species,!provided!that!their!accuracy!has!been!validated!with!direct! site"specific!data!(per!guidance!below).! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! It!is!necessary!to!verify!the!applicability!of!equations!used.! Allometric!equations!can!be!verified!either!by:! 1.!Review!of!source!data!from!which!equation!was!derived!and!confirmation!that! the!source!data!is!representative!of!the!forest!type/species!and!conditions!in!the! project!and!covers!the!range!of!potential!DBH.! and!either!(2a!or!2b)! 2a.!Destructive!Sampling! ! Selecting!at!least!5!trees!covering!the!range!of!DBH!existing!in!the!project!area! (but!excluding!trees!less!than!15!years!old!for!which!there!is!rarely!a!great! relative!inaccuracy!in!equations),!and!felling!and!weighting!the!above"ground! biomass!to!determine!the!total!(wet)!weight!of!the!stem!and!branch! components;! ! Extracting!and!immediately!weighing!subsamples!from!each!of!the!wet!stem!
!!! AR!Module!CP"BG!–!71! !
and!branch!components,!followed!by!oven!drying!at!70oC!to!determine!dry! biomass;! ! Determining!the!total!dry!weight!of!each!tree!from!the!wet!weights!and!the! averaged!ratios!of!wet!and!dry!weights!of!the!stem!and!branch!components.! ! 2b.!Limited!Measurements! ! Select!at!least!10!trees!per!species!distributed!across!the!age!range!(but! excluding!trees!less!than!15!years!old!for!which!there!is!rarely!a!great!relative! inaccuracy!in!equations)! ! Calculate!volume!of!tree!from!basal!and!top!diameters!and!tree!height.! Multiply!by!species"specific!density!to!gain!biomass!of!bole.!Add!an!additional! 20%!to!approximately!cover!biomass!of!branches! ! If!the!biomass!of!the!harvested!trees!is!within!±10%!of!the!mean!values! predicted!by!the!selected!default!allometric!equation,!and!is!not!biased,!then! mean!values!from!the!equation!may!be!used.!Otherwise,!the!equation!must!be! re"parameterized!to!conform!to!the!validation!data!before!using,!or!another! equation!selected.! ! Data!/!parameter:! R! Data!unit:! t!root!d.m.!!t!"1!shoot!d.m.!!! Used!in!equations:! 1,!3,!7,!8! Description:! Root"shoot!ratio!appropriate!to!species!or!forest!type!/!biome! Source!of!data:! The!source!of!data!shall!be!chosen!with!priority!from!higher!to!lower!preference! as!follows:! (a)!!Research!publications!relevant!to!the!project!area;! (b)!!National!and!forest!type"specific!or!eco"region"specific!(e.g.!from!National! GHG!inventory);! (c)!!Forest!type"specific!or!eco"region"specific!from!neighboring!countries!with! similar!conditions.!Sometimes!(b)!may!be!preferable!to!(a);! (d)!!Globally!forest!type"specific!or!eco"region"specific!(e.g.!IPCC!GPG"LULUCF).! ! Root!to!shoot!ratios!for!tropical!and!subtropical!forests!modified!from!Table!4.4.! in!IPCC!GL!AFOLU! Domain! Ecological!Zone! Above" Root"to" Range ground! shoot!ratio!! biomass Tropical! Tropical! <125!t.ha"1 0.20! 0.09"0.25 rainforest! >125!t.ha"1 0.24! 0.22"0.33 Tropical!dry! <20!t.ha"1 0.56! 0.28"0.68 forest! >20!t.ha"1 0.28! 0.27"0.28 Subtropical! Subtropical! <125!t.ha"1 0.20! 0.09"0.25 humid!forest! >125!t.ha"1 0.24! 0.22"0.33 Subtropical!dry! <20!t.ha"1 0.56! 0.28"0.68 forest! >20!t.ha"1 0.28! 0.27"0.28 ! Measurement! !
!!! AR!Module!CP"BG!–!72! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! Guidelines!for!Conservative!Choice!of!Default!Values:! 1.!If!in!the!sources!of!data!mentioned!above,!default!data!are!available!for! conditions!that!are!similar!to!the!project!(same!vegetation!genus;!same!climate! zone;!similar!forest!type),!then!mean!values!of!default!data!may!be!use!d!and! considered!conservative.! 2.!Global!values!may!be!selected!from!Table!3A.1.8!of!the!GPG"LULUCF!(IPCC! 2003),!or!equivalently!Table!4.4!of!the!AFOLU!Guidelines!(IPCC!2006),!by! choosing!a!climatic!zone!and!species!that!most!closely!matches!the!project! circumstances.! !
Data!/!parameter:! Ri,sp,t! Data!unit:! t!root!d.m.!t"1!shoot!d.m.! Used!in!equations:! 1! Description:! Root:shoot!ratio!for!vegetation!type! Source!of!data:! The!source!of!data!shall!be!chosen!with!priority!from!higher!to!lower!preference! as!follows:! (a)!!Research!publications!relevant!to!the!project!area;! (b)!!National!and!forest!type"specific!or!eco"region"specific!(e.g.!from!National! GHG!inventory);! (c)!!Forest!type"specific!or!eco"region"specific!from!neighboring!countries!with! similar!conditions.!Sometimes!(b)!may!be!preferable!to!(a);! (d)!!Globally!forest!type"specific!or!eco"region"specific!(e.g.!IPCC!GPG"LULUCF).! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! Guidelines!for!Conservative!Choice!of!Default!Values:! 1.!If!in!the!sources!of!data!mentioned!above,!default!data!are!available!for! conditions!that!are!similar!to!the!project!(same!vegetation!genus;!same!climate! zone;!similar!forest!type),!then!mean!values!of!default!data!may!be!use!d!and! considered!conservative.!
IV.!Data!and!Parameters!Monitored!! ! Data!/!parameter:! V! Data!unit:! m3! Used!in!equations:! 1,!8! Description:! Merchantable!volume!of!tree! ! Source!of!data:! Calculated!from!volume!tables!or!equations!linking!diameter!(DBH,!at!typically! 1.3!m!above"ground!level),!and!also!preferably!merchantable!height!(MH),!to! commercial!(merchantable)!volume!of!trees!above!some!minimum!DBH!in!the! sample!plots.! If!locally!derived!equations!or!yield!tables!are!not!available!use!relevant! regional,!national!or!default!data!as!appropriate!and!validated!(as!per!validation! procedures!for!allometric!equations).!!
!!! AR!Module!CP"BG!–!73! !
! Measurement! Commercial!volume!can!be!alternatively!measured!directly!using!appropriate! procedures!(if!any):! field!instruments!(e.g.!a!relascope).! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! Asp! Data!unit:! ha! Used!in!equations:! 2,!5,!9! Description:! Total!area!of!all!sample!plots! Source!of!data:! Recording!and!archiving!of!number!and!size!of!sample!plots! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Monitoring! ! frequency:! QA/QC!procedures:! ! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! DBH! Data!unit:! cm! Used!in!equations:! 3,!7! Description:! Diameter!at!breast!height!of!tree! Source!of!data:! Field!measurements!in!sample!plots! Measurement! Typically!measured!1.3m!above"ground.!Measure!all!trees!above!some! procedures!(if!any):! minimum!DBH!in!the!sample!plots.!The!minimum!DBH!varies!depending!on!tree! species!and!climate;!for!instance,!the!minimum!DBH!may!be!as!small!as!2.5!cm! or!as!high!as!20cm!! Monitoring! ! frequency:! QA/QC!procedures:! ! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! H! Data!unit:! m! Used!in!equations:! 3,!7! Description:! Total!height!of!tree! Source!of!data:! Field!measurements!in!sample!plots! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Monitoring! ! frequency:! QA/QC!procedures:! ! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! Asp! Data!unit:! Total!area!of!all!sample!plots!!
!!! AR!Module!CP"BG!–!74! !
Used!in!equations:! 2! Description:! Ha! Source!of!data:! Recording!and!archiving!of!number!and!size!of!sample!plots! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! !
V.!Terms!Originating!in!Other!Modules!! Data!/!parameter:! CAB_tree,i,sp,t! Data!unit:! t!C! Used!in!equations:! 1! Description:! Aboveground!biomass!carbon!stock!in!tree!vegetation!in!sample!plot!sp!of! stratum!i!at!time!t! Source!of!data:! Calculated!using!the!module:!“CP"AG!Aboveground!tree!–!AR.”! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! !
Data!/!parameter:! CAB_nontree,i,sp,t! Data!unit:! t!C! Used!in!equations:! 1! Description:! Aboveground!biomass!carbon!stock!in!nontree!vegetation!in!sample!plot!sp!of!stratum!i at!time!t! Source!of!data:! Calculated!using the!module:!“CP"AG!Aboveground!tree!– AR.”! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! !
!!! AR!Module!CP"D!–!75! !
!"#$%&'()(*(+,-!*#$().*%! CP"D!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon! stocks!in!the!dead!wood!pool!
I.!SCOPE,!APPLICABILITY!AND!PARAMETERS!
Scope! This!module!allows!for!estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in!dead!wood.!!
This!module!is!based!on!the!module:!
! REDD!Methodological!Module!“Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon! stocks!in!the!dead!wood!pool”!(text!in!blue)! This!module!draws!content!from:!
! AR"ACM0001!“Afforestation!and!reforestation!of!degraded!land”!!
Applicability! Dead!wood!is!an!optional!baseline!pool.!This!pool!may!increase!(when!compared!to!the!baseline)!due!to! the!implementation!of!the!project!activity.!!
Parameters! This!module!produces!the!following!parameters:!
Parameter! SI!Unit! Description "1 CDW,i,t! t!CO2"e!ha ! Carbon!stock!in!dead!wood!in!strata!i at!time!t
"1 #CDW,i,t! t!CO2"e!ha ! Carbon!stock!changes!in!dead!wood!in!strata!i!at!time!t! "1 UncertaintyDW,i,t! %!ha ! Uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!changes!in!litter!!in!strata!i!at!time!t! (expressed!as!90%!confidence!interval!as!a!percentage!of!the! mean)!
II.!PROCEDURES!
A.!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!of!dead!wood! The!mean!carbon!stock!in!dead!wood!per!unit!area!at!time!t!is!estimated!based!on!field!measurements! in!sample!plots.!!
!!! AR!Module!CP"D!–!76! !
Dead!wood!included!in!the!methodology!comprises!two!components!–!standing!dead!wood!and!lying! dead!wood.!Considering!the!differences!in!the!two!components,!different!sampling!and!estimation! procedures!shall!be!used!to!calculate!stocks!in!dead!wood!biomass!of!the!two!components.!
Total!carbon!stock!in!dead!wood!for!each!stratum!is!the!sum!of!standing!and!lying!dead!wood! components,!converted!to!carbon!dioxide!equivalents!
44 %%&'# BBC CF &** !!!!!!! (1)! DWi,t SDWi,t LDWi,t DW 12
Uncertaint y # U 2 ' U 2 ! DW i t,, SDW ,, ti LDW ,, ti !!!!!!! (2) where:!
"1 CDWi,t! Carbon!stock!of!dead!wood!in!stratum!i!at!time!t;!t!C!ha !
"1 BSDWi,t! Biomass!of!standing!dead!wood!in!stratum!i!at!time!t;!t!d.m.!ha !
"1 BLDWi,t! Biomass!of!lying!dead!wood!in!stratum!i!at!time!t;!t!d.m.!ha !
"1 CFDW! Carbon!fraction!of!dry!matter!in!dead!wood;!t!C!t !d.m.! i! 1,!2,!3!…!M!strata! t!!0,!1,!2,!3!…!!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!the!project!activity!
"1 44/12!!Ratio!of!molecular!weight!of!CO2!to!carbon,!t!CO2"e!t!C !
UncertaintyDW,i,t! Percentage!uncertainty!!in!the!carbon!stock!dead!wood!for!stratum!i!at!time!t;!%!!
USDW,i,t! Percentage!uncertainty!!in!the!carbon!stock!standing!dead!wood!for!stratum!i!at! time!t;!%!!
ULDW,i,t! Percentage!uncertainty!!in!the!carbon!stock!lying!dead!wood!for!stratum!i!at! time!t;!%!!
!
!
The!methods!to!be!followed!in!the!measurement!of!the!standing!dead!wood!and!the!lying!dead!wood! biomass!are!outlined!below:!
!!! AR!Module!CP"D!–!77! !
A.1!Standing!Dead!Wood! A.1.!Step!1:!Standing!dead!trees!shall!be!measured!using!the!same!criteria!used!for!measuring!live!trees.! Stumps!must!be!inventoried!as!if!they!are!very!short!standing!dead!trees.!
A.1.!Step!2:!The!decomposition!class!(not!to!be!confused!with!dead!wood!density!class)!of!the!dead!tree! shall!be!recorded!and!the!standing!dead!wood!is!categorized!under!two!decomposition!classes:!
1. Tree!with!branches!and!twigs!that!resembles!a!live!tree!(except!for!leaves);!
2. Tree!with!signs!of!decomposition!(other!than!loss!of!leaves)!including!loss!of!twigs,!branches,!or! crown.!
A.1.!Step!3:!Biomass!is!estimated!using!an!allometric!equation!or!BCEF!calculation!for!live!trees!in!the! decomposition!class!1.!Calculations!are!detailed!in!the!module!for!aboveground!biomass.!In! decomposition!class!2,!the!estimate!of!biomass!should!be!limited!to!the!main!trunk!(bole)!of!the!tree,!in! which!case!the!biomass!is!calculated!converting!volume!to!biomass!using!the!appropriate!dead!wood! density!class.!Volume!is!estimated!as!either!the!volume!of!a!cone!if!the!top!diameter!cannot!be! measured!(and!is!assumed!to!be!zero),!or!a!cylinder!(using!Smalian’s!formula)!if!the!top!diameter!can!be! measured!directly!or!by!using!an!instrument!such!as!a!relascope!or!laser!inventory!instrument.! Height/length!is!determined!as!either!the!total!height!in!case!of!a!standing!bole!or!the!height!at!the!base! of!the!crown!if!the!crown!is!persistent.!
For!decomposition!class!2,!the!biomass!of!standing!dead!trees!is!estimated!either!as!(where!top! diameter!is!not!measured):!
2 1 / BD , - SDW l sp ,,,, ti * (3)! BSDW l sp ,,,, ti # 0 ** - * * H SDW l sp ,,,, ti * DDW ,dc !!!!! 3 . 200 + where:!
BSDWl,sp,i,t! Biomass!of!standing!dead!tree!l!in!sample!plot!sp!in!stratum!i!at!time!t;!t!d.m.!
BDSDWl,sp,i,t! Basal!diameter!of!standing!dead!tree!l!in!sample!plot!sp!in!stratum!i!at!time!t;! cm!
HSDWl,sp,i,t! Height!of!standing!dead!tree!l!in!sample!plot!sp!in!stratum!i!at!time!t;!m!
DDW,dc! Mean!wood!density!of!dead!wood!in!the!density!class!–!sound!(1),!intermediate! (2),!and!rotten!(3);!t!d.m.!m"3!
!!! AR!Module!CP"D!–!78! ! sp! 1,!2,!3!…!Pi!sample!plots!in!stratum!i!! i! 1,!2,!3!…!M!strata!in!the!project!scenario! t! 0,!1,!2,!3!…!t!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!the!project!activity!
! ! or!(where!top!diameter!is!measured):! !
BDSDW l sp ,,,, ti ' TDSDW l sp ,,,, ti B # * H * D !!!!!(4)! SDW l sp ,,,, ti 200 SDW l sp ,,,, ti ,dcDW where:!
BSDWl,sp,i,t! Biomass!of!standing!dead!tree!l!in!sample!plot!sp!in!stratum!i!at!time!t;!t!d.m.!
BDSDWl,sp,i,t! Basal!diameter!of!standing!dead!tree!l!in!sample!plot!sp!in!stratum!i!at!time!t;! cm!
TDSDWl,sp,i,t! Top!diameter!of!standing!dead!tree!l!in!sample!plot!sp!in!stratum!i!at!time!t;!cm!
HSDWl,sp,i,t! Height!of!standing!dead!tree!l!in!sample!plot!sp!in!stratum!i!at!time!t;!m!
DDW,dc! Mean!wood!density!of!dead!wood!in!the!density!class!–!sound!(1),!intermediate! (2),!and!rotten!(3);!t!d.m.!m"3! sp! 1,!2,!3!…!Pi!sample!plots!in!stratum!i!! i! 1,!2,!3!…!M!strata!in!the!project!scenario! t! 0,!1,!2,!3!…!t!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!the!project!activity!
N,i,sp,t! Number!of!standing!dead!trees!in!sample!plot!sp!of!stratum!i!at!time!t!
! A.1.!Step!4:!Calculate!total!carbon!stock!in!standing!dead!trees!present!in!the!sample!plot!sp!in!stratum!i! at!time!t.!
Ni sp,, t BSDW,sp,i,t # $BSDWl i sp,,, t !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! (5)! l#1
!!! AR!Module!CP"D!–!79! ! where:!
BSDW,i,sp,t! Biomass!of!standing!dead!wood!in!sample!plot!sp!in!stratum!i!at!time!t;!t!d.m.!
BSDWl,i,sp,t! Biomass!of!standing!dead!tree!l!in!sample!plot!sp!in!stratum!i!at!time!t;!t!d.m.! sp! 1,!2,!3!…!Pi!sample!plots!in!stratum!i!! i! 1,!2,!3!…!M!strata! t! 0,!1,!2,!3!…!t!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!the!project!activity!
N,i,sp,t! Number!of!standing!dead!trees!in!sample!plot!sp!of!stratum!i!at!time!t!! l! 1,!2,!3!…!N,i,sp,t ! A.1.!Step!5:!Calculate!the!mean!biomass!stock!per!unit!area!in!standing!dead!wood!for!each!stratum!at! time!t:! 1 Pi BSDW ,, ti # *$BSDW sp ,,, ti !!!!!!!!! (6)! Asp,i sp#1 where:! "1 BSDW,i,,t! Biomass!of!standing!dead!wood!in!stratum!i!at!time!t;!t!d.m.!ha ! BSDW,i,,sp,t! Biomass!of!standing!dead!wood!in!sample!plot!sp!in!stratum!i!at!time!t;!t!d.m.! Aspi! Total!area!of!all!sample!plots!in!stratum!i;!ha! sp! 1,!2,!3!…!Pi!sample!plots!in!stratum!i!! i! 1,!2,!3!…!M!strata!! t! 0,!1,!2,!3!…!t!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!the!project!activity! ! Calculate!the!percent!uncertainty!(expressed!as!90%!confidence!interval!as!a!percentage!of!the!mean)!of! the!standing!dead!wood.! USDW,it! Percentage!uncertainty!!in!the!carbon!stock!standing!dead!wood!for!stratum!i!at! time!t;!%!! ! !!! AR!Module!CP"D!–!80! ! A.2!Lying!Dead!Wood! A.2.!Step!1:!Lying!dead!wood!must!be!sampled!using!the!line!intersect!method!(Harmon!and!Sexton! 1996)8.!Two!50"meter!lines!(164!ft)!are!established!bisecting!each!sample!plot!and!the!diameters!of!the! lying!dead!wood!($!10!cm!diameter![$!3.9!inches])!intersecting!the!lines!are!measured.! A.2.!Step!2:!The!dead!wood!is!assigned!to!one!of!the!three!density!states!(sound,!intermediate!and! rotten)!using!the!‘machete!test’,!as!recommended!by!IPCC!Good!Practice!Guidance!for!LULUCF!(2003),! Section!4.3.3.5.3.! A.2.!Step!3:!The!volume!of!lying!dead!wood!per!unit!area!is!estimated!using!the!equation!(Warren!and! Olsen!1964)9!as!modified!by!Van!Wagner!(1968)10!separately!for!each!density!state:! N 2 / 2 , 0 *-$ D ,, tin * . n#1 + V # !!!!!!!!! (7)! LDWi,t1td *8 L where:! 3 "1 VLDWi,t! Volume!of!lying!dead!wood!per!unit!area!in!stratum!i!at!time!t;!m !ha ! Dn,i,t! Diameter!of!piece!n!of!dead!wood!along!the!transect!in!stratum!i!at!time!t;!cm!! N! Total!number!of!wood!pieces!intersecting!the!transect;!dimensionless! L! Length!of!the!transect;!m!! i! 1,!2,!3!…!M!strata!in!the!project!scenario! t! 0,!1,!2,!3!…!t!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!the!project!activity! ! To!convert!this!to!a!mass!per!unit!area!multiply!the!volumes!of!each!density!state!by!their!respective! wood!densities!as!outlined!below:! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 8 Harmon, M.E. and J. Sexton. (1996) Guidelines for measurements of wood detritus in forest ecosystems. US LTER Publication No. 20. US LTER Network Office, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. 9 Warren, W.G. and Olsen, P.F. (1964) A line intersect technique for assessing logging waste. Forest Science 10: 267-276. 10 Van Wagner, C.E. (1968). The line intersect method in forest fuel sampling. Forest Science 14: 20-26. !!! AR!Module!CP"D!–!81! ! A.2.!Step!4:!Volume!of!lying!dead!wood!shall!be!converted!into!biomass!using!the!following! relationship:! 3 BLDWi ,t # $ LDWi ,t * DV DW ,dc !!!!!!!!! (8)! dc#1 ! where:! "1 BLDW,i,t,! Biomass!of!lying!dead!wood!per!unit!area!in!stratum!i!at!time!t;!d.m.!ha ! 3 "1 VLDW,i,t,! Volume!of!lying!dead!wood!per!unit!area!in!stratum!i!at!time!t;!m !ha ! DDW,dc! Basic!wood!density!of!dead!wood!in!the!density!class!–!sound!(1),!intermediate! (2),!and!rotten!(3);!t!d.m.!m"3! i! 1,!2,!3!…!M!strata!in!the!project!scenario! t! 0,!1,!2,!3!…!t!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!the!project!activity! Calculate!the!percent!uncertainty!(expressed!as!90%!confidence!interval!as!a!percentage!of!the!mean)!of! the!lying!dead!wood.! ULDW,i,t! Percentage!uncertainty!!in!the!carbon!stock!lying!dead!wood!for!stratum!i!at! time!t;!%!! ! B.!Actual!change!in!dead!wood!carbon!in!the!project! This!method!uses!the!stock!change!method.! In!this!method,!carbon!stock!changes!in!dead!wood!pool!are!estimated!by!comparing!the!carbon!stocks! within!the!project!area!at!two!time!periods.!Using!this!method,!permanent!sample!plots!should!not!be! used.! ( (#" ) TCCC DWi,t DWi,t DWi t(1, !!!!!!!! (9)! Uncertaint y # U 2 ' U 2 ! C DW i t,,, DW ti 1,, DW ti 2,, !!!!!!! (10) where:! "1! "1 #CDWi,t! Annual!net!carbon!stock!change!in!dead!wood!for!stratum!i,!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e!ha yr ! "1 CDWi,t! Carbon!stock!in!dead!wood!for!stratum!i,!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e!ha ! !!! AR!Module!CP"D!–!82! ! "1! CDWi,t"1! Carbon!stock!in!dead!wood!for!stratum!i,!at!time!t=!t"1;!t!CO2"e!ha i! 1,!2,!3!…M!strata! t! 1,!2,!3,!…!t!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!the!project!activity! T!! Number!of!years!between!times!t!and!t"1!(T!=!1)! UncertaintyC_DW,i,t! Percentage!uncertainty!(expressed!as!90%!confidence!interval!as!a!percentage! of!the!mean)!in!the!net!carbon!stock!change!in!deadwood!for!stratum!i!at!time! t;!%!! UDW,i,t1! Percentage!uncertainty!!in!the!carbon!stock!dead!wood!for!stratum!i!at!time!t1;! %!! UDW,i,t2! Percentage!uncertainty!!in!the!carbon!stock!dead!wood!for!stratum!i!at!time!t2;! %!! III.!Data!and!Parameters!Not!Monitored!(Default!or!Possibly!Measured!One! Time)! Data!/!parameter:! CF! Data!unit:! t!C!t"1!d.m.! Used!in!equations:! 8! Description:! Carbon!fraction!of!dry!matter! Source!of!data:! Default!value!0.47!t!C!t"1!d.m.!can!be!used,!or!species!specific!values!from!the! literature!(e.g.!IPCC!2006!INV!GLs!AFOLU!Chapter!4!Table!4.3)! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! DDWdc! Data!unit:! t!d.m.!m"3! ! ! Used!in!equations:! 1,!3,!7! Description:! Mean!wood!density!of!dead!wood!in!the!density!class!–!sound!(1),!intermediate! (2)!and!rotten!(3)! Source!of!data:! The!source!of!data!shall!be!chosen!with!priority!from!higher!to!lower! preference!as!follows:! (a)!!Research!publications!relevant!to!the!project!area;! (b)!!National!species"specific!or!group!of!species"specific!(e.g.!from!National! GHG!inventory);! (c)!!Species"specific!or!group!of!species"specific!from!neighboring!countries!with! similar!conditions.!Sometimes!(b)!may!be!preferable!to!(a);! (d)!!Global!species"specific!or!group!of!species"specific!(e.g.!IPCC!GPG"LULUCF).! Species"specific!dead!wood!densities!may!not!always!be!available,!and!may!be! !!! AR!Module!CP"D!–!83! ! difficult!to!apply!with!certainty!to!decomposed!wood!and!in!the!typically! species!rich!forests!of!the!humid!tropics,!hence!it!is!acceptable!practice!to!use! dead!wood!densities!developed!for!forest!types.! Measurement! Project"specific!determination!of!density!is!most!likely!necessary,!requiring! procedures!(if!any):! collection!of!representative!samples!from!20"30!trees!from!each!decomposition! class.!! Dead!wood!samples!are!cut!in!discs!and!thickness!and!diameter!measured!to! calculate!green!volume.!!Samples!are!oven!dried!(70o!C)!to!a!constant!weight!in! the!laboratory,!and!density!calculated!as!dry!weight!(g)!per!unit!green!volume! (cm3).!!! Any!comment:! ! IV.!Data!and!Parameters!Monitored! Data!/!parameter:! Dn,i,t! Data!unit:! cm! Used!in!equations:! 6! Description:! Diameter!of!piece!n!of!dead!wood!along!the!transect!in!stratum!i,!at!time!t! Source!of!data:! Field!measurements!in!sample!plots! Measurement! Lying!dead!wood!must!be!sampled!using!the!line!intersect!method!(Harmon!and! procedures!(if!any):! Sexton!199611).!Two!50"meter!lines!are!established!bisecting!each!sample!plot! and!the!diameters!of!the!lying!dead!wood!($!10!cm!diameter)!intersecting!the! lines!are!measured.! Monitoring! ! frequency:! QA/QC!procedures:! ! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! BD! Data!unit:! cm! Used!in!equations:! 1,!3! Description:! Basal!diameter!!of!standing!dead!tree! Source!of!data:! Field!measurements!in!sample!plots! Measurement! Measured!at!ground!level.!Measure!all!trees!above!some!minimum!BD!in!the! procedures!(if!any):! sample!plots,!typically!>!10!cm.!! Monitoring! ! frequency:! QA/QC!procedures:! ! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! TD! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 11 Harmon, M.E. and J. Sexton. (1996) Guidelines for measurements of woody detritus in forest ecosystems. US LTER Publication No. 20. US LTER Network Office, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. !!! AR!Module!CP"D!–!84! ! Data!unit:! cm! Used!in!equations:! 3! Description:! Top!diameter!of!standing!dead!tree! Source!of!data:! Field!measurements!in!sample!plots! Measurement! Measured!at!the!top!of!a!standing!bole,!or!if!crown!persistent!at!the!base!of!the! procedures!(if!any):! crown.!Measured!either!directly!or!by!using!an!instrument!such!as!a!relascope! or!laser!inventory!instrument.!! Top!diameter!can!also!be!estimated!from!measured!basal!diameter!and!height! using!a!taper!function!that!models!diminution!of!diameter!over!the!height!of!a! tree.! Monitoring! ! frequency:! QA/QC!procedures:! ! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! H! Data!unit:! m! Used!in!equations:! 3! Description:! Height!of!standing!dead!tree! Source!of!data:! Field!measurements!in!sample!plots! Measurement! Height!measured!from!ground!level!to!either!the!top!of!a!standing!bole!or!to! procedures!(if!any):! the!base!of!crown!if!crown!is!persistent.!Height!is!measured!either!directly!or!by! using!an!instrument!such!as!a!clinometers,!relascope!or!laser!inventory! instrument.!! Monitoring! ! frequency:! QA/QC!procedures:! ! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! N! Data!unit:! Dimensionless! Used!in!equations:! 6! Description:! Total!number!of!wood!pieces!intersecting!the!transect! Source!of!data:! Field!measurements! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Monitoring! ! frequency:! QA/QC!procedures:! ! Any!comment:! ! ! !! !!! AR!Module!CP"D!–!85! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! Asp! Data!unit:! ha! Used!in!equations:! 6! Description:! Total!area!of!all!sample!plots! Source!of!data:! Recording!and!archiving!of!number!and!size!of!sample!plots! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Monitoring! ! frequency:! QA/QC!procedures:! ! Any!comment:! ! !!! AR!Module!CP"L!–!86! ! !"#$%&'()(*(+,-!*#$().*%! CP"L!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!in!the!litter!pool! I.!SCOPE,!APPLICABILITY!AND!PARAMETERS! Scope! This!module!allows!for!estimation!of!carbon!stocks!in!forest!litter.!Stocks!are!assumed!to!be!stable!prior! to!deforestation.!! The!estimation!of!emissions!from!litter!due!to!deforestation!is!dealt!with!in!the!baseline!modules.! This!module!is!based!on!the!module:! ! REDD!Methodological!Module!“Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon! stocks!in!the!belowground!biomass!pool”!(text!in!blue)! Applicability! Litter!is!an!optional!baseline!pool.!This!pool!may!increase!(when!compared!to!the!baseline)!due!to!the! implementation!of!the!project!activity.!! Parameters! This!methodology!produces!the!following!parameters:! Parameter! SI!Unit! Description #CLI,i,t! t!CO2"e!ha"1! Carbon!stock!changes!in!litter!!in!strata!i!at!time!t "1 CLI,i,t! t!CO2"e!ha ! Carbon!stock!in!litter!in!strata!i!at!time t "1 UncertaintyLI,i,t! %!!ha ! Uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!changes!in!litter!!in!strata!i!at!time!t! (expressed!as!90%!confidence!interval!as!a!percentage!of!the!mean)! II.!PROCEDURES! A.!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!in!litter! To!estimate!the!mean!carbon!stock!per!unit!area!in!litter!for!each!stratum:! !! ! AR!Module!CP"L!–!87! ! 1 Pi 44 CLIi,t # $CLIsp ,, ti CF *** !!!!!!!! (1)! Asp,i sp#1 12 where:! "1 CLI,i,,t!!Mean!carbon!stock!in!litter!for!stratum!i,!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e!ha ! CLI,sp,i,t! Biomass!of!litter!in!sample!plot!sp!in!stratum!i!at!time!t;!kg!d.m.! CF! Carbon!fraction;!kg!C!kg"1!d.m.! "2 Aspi! Total!area!of!all!sample!plots!in!stratum!i;!m ! sp! 1,!2,!3!…!Pi!sample!plots!in!stratum!i!! i! 1,!2,!3!…!M!strata!! t! 1,!2,!3!…!t!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!the!project!activity! "1 44/12!!Ratio!of!molecular!weight!of!CO2!to!carbon,!t!CO2"e!t!C ! ! Calculate!the!percent!uncertainty!(expressed!as!90%!confidence!interval!as!a!percentage!of!the!mean)!of! the!litter.! ULI,i,t! Percentage!uncertainty!!in!the!carbon!stock!litter!for!stratum!i!at!time!t;!%!! B.!Actual!carbon!stock!change!in!litter!carbon!stocks!in!the!with"project!scenario! This!method!uses!the!stock!change!method.! In!this!method,!carbon!stock!changes!in!litter!pool!are!estimated!by!comparing!the!carbon!stocks!within! the!project!area!at!two!time!periods.!Using!this!method,!permanent!sample!plots!should!not!be!use.! ( CC C #" LI ti LI ti 1,,2,, !!!!!!!! (10)! LI ti 2,, T Uncertaint y # 2 ' UU 2 ! C LI i t,,, LI ti 1,, LI ti 2,, !!!!!!! (11) where:! #CLI,i,t2!!Annual!net!carbon!stock!change!in!litter!carbon!stock!for!stratum!i,!at!time!t2;!t! "1! "1 CO2"e!ha yr ! "1 CLI,i,2t! Mean!carbon!stock!in!litter!carbon!for!stratum!i,!at!time!t2;!t!CO2"e!ha ! !! ! AR!Module!CP"L!–!88! ! CLI,i,t1! Mean!carbon!stock!in!litter!carbon!for!stratum!i,!at!time!t1!(previous!monitoring! "1 event);!t!CO2"e!ha ! i!!1,!2,!3!…!M!strata!within!the!project!boundary! t!!1,!2,!3!…!t!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!the!project!activity! T!!number!of!years!between!monitoring!points!t1!and!t2! UncertaintyC_LI,i,t! Percentage!uncertainty!(expressed!as!90%!confidence!interval!as!a!percentage! of!the!mean)!in!the!net!carbon!stock!change!in!litter!biomass!for!stratum!i!at! time!t;!%!! ULI,i,t1! Percentage!uncertainty!!in!the!carbon!stock!litter!for!stratum!i!at!time!t1;!%!! ULI,i,t2! Percentage!uncertainty!!in!the!carbon!stock!litter!for!stratum!i!at!time!t2;!%!! III.!Data!and!Parameters!Not!Monitored!(Default!or!Possibly!Measured!One! Time)! Data!/!parameter:! CF! Data!unit:! kg!C!kg"1!d.m.! Used!in!equations:! 1! Description:! Carbon!fraction!of!dry!matter! Source!of!data:! ! ! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! IV.!Data!and!Parameters!Monitored!! Data!/!parameter:! Asp! Data!unit:! m"2! Used!in!equations:! 1,4! Description:! Total!area!of!all!sample!plots!! Source!of!data:! ! Recording!and!archiving!of!number!and!size!of!sample!plots! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! CLI,sp,i,t! Data!unit:! kg!d.m.! Used!in!equations:! 1! Description:! Biomass!of!litter!in!sample!plot!sp!in!stratum!i!at!time!t;!! ! !! ! AR!Module!CP"L!–!89! ! Source!of!data:! Field!sampling!and!laboratory!determination! Measurement! Litter!(dead!organic!surface!material! !! ! AR!Module!CP"S!–!90! ! !"#$%&'()(*(+,-!*#$().*%! CP"S!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!in!the!soil!organic! carbon!pool! I.!SCOPE,!APPLICABILITY!AND!PARAMETERS! Scope! This!module!allows!for!estimation!of!carbon!stocks!in!soil!organic!carbon.!! This!module!is!based!on!the!module:! ! REDD!Methodological!Module!“Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon! stocks!in!the!dead!wood!pool”!(text!in!blue)! Applicability! Soil!organic!carbon!may!increase!(when!compared!to!the!baseline)!due!to!the!implementation!of!the! project!activity.!Soil!organic!carbon!can!be!conservatively!excluded!if!the!“Procedure!to!determine!when! accounting!of!the!soil!carbon!pool!may!be!conservatively!neglected!in!A/R!CDM!project!activities”!allows! for!conservative!neglecting!of!accounting!of!the!soil!organic!carbon!pool!in!areas!of!land!in!the!A/R! project!activity.! Parameters! This!module!produces!the!following!parameters:! Parameter! SI!Unit! Description "1 #CSOC,i,t! t!CO2"e!ha ! Carbon!stock!changes!in!soil!organic!carbon!in!strata!i,!at!time!t! "1 CSOC,i,t! t!CO2"e!ha ! Carbon!stock!in!soil!organic!carbon!in!strata!i,at!time t! "1 UncertaintySOC,i,t! %!!ha ! Uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!changes!in!soil!organic!carbon!!in!strata!i!at! time!t!(expressed!as!90%!confidence!interval!as!a!percentage!of!the! mean)! ! II.!PROCEDURES! A.!Estimation!of!soil!organic!carbon!stocks! !! ! AR!Module!CP"S!–!91! ! The!procedure!to!be!followed!in!the!measurement!of!soil!organic!carbon!is!outlined!below.!To!estimate! the!carbon!stock!in!soil!organic!carbon!per!unit!area!for!sample!plot!sp,!stratum!i,!at!time!t:! C SOCsp ,, ti # C SOCsample sp ,,, ti * BD sample sp ,,, ti * D sample sp ,,, ti *100 !!!!! (1)! where:! CSOCsp,i,t!!Carbon!stock!in!soil!organic!carbon!for!sample!plot!sp,!stratum!i,!at!time!t;!t!C! ha"1! CSOCsample,sp,i,t! Soil!organic!carbon!of!the!sample!in!sample!plot!sp,!stratum!i,!at!time!t;! determined!in!the!laboratory!in!g!C/100!g!soil!(fine!fraction!<2mm)! BDsample,sp,i,t! Bulk!density!of!fine!(<2!mm)!fraction!of!mineral!soil!in!sample!plot!sp,!stratum!i,! at!time!t;!determined!in!the!laboratory!in!g!fine!fraction!cm"3!total!sample! volume! Dsample,sp,i,t! Depth!to!which!soil!sample!is!collected!in!sample!plot!sp!in!stratum!i!at!time!t;! cm! sp! 1,!2,!3!…!Pi!sample!plots!in!stratum!i!! i! 1,!2,!3!…!M!strata!! t! 0,1,2,3!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!the!project!activity! To!estimate!the!mean!carbon!stock!in!soil!organic!carbon,!converted!to!carbon!dioxide!equivalents,!per! unit!area!for!stratum!i,!at!time!t:! Pi C $ SOCsp ,, ti (2) sp(1 44 CSOC ,, ti # * ! Pi 12 Where:! "1 CSOC,i,t! Mean!carbon!stock!in!soil!organic!carbon!for!stratum!i,!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e!ha ! " CSOCsp,i,t! Carbon!stock!in!soil!organic!carbon!for!sample!plot!sp,!stratum!i,!at!time!t;!t!C!ha 1! sp! 1,!2,!3!…!Pi!sample!plots!in!stratum!i!! i! 1,!2,!3!…!M!strata!! t! 0,1,2,3!...t!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!the!project!activity! !! ! AR!Module!CP"S!–!92! ! "1 44/12!!Ratio!of!molecular!weight!of!CO2!to!carbon,!t!CO2"e!t!C ! ! Calculate!the!percent!uncertainty!(expressed!as!90%!confidence!interval!as!a!percentage!of!the!mean)!of! the!lying!dead!wood.! USOC,i,t! Percentage!uncertainty!!in!the!carbon!stock!of!organic!soil!for!stratum!i!at!time! t;!%!! B.!Actual!carbon!stock!change!in!soil!carbon!stocks!in!the!with"project!scenario! This!method!uses!the!stock!change!method.! In!this!method,!carbon!stock!changes!in!belowground!biomass!are!estimated!by!comparing!the!carbon! stocks!within!the!project!area!at!two!time!periods.!Using!this!method,!permanent!sample!plots!should! not!be!used.! ( CC C #" SOC ti 2,, SOC ti 1,, !!!!!!! (10)! SOC ti 2,, T Uncertaint y # U 2 ' U 2 ! C DW i t,,, DW ti 1,, DW ti 2,, !!!!!!! (11) where:! #CSOC,i,t2!!Annual!net!carbon!stock!change!in!soil!organic!carbon!stock!for!stratum!i,!at! "1! "1 time!t2;!t!CO2"e!ha yr ! "1 CSOC,i,t2! Mean!carbon!stock!in!soil!organic!carbon!for!stratum!i,!at!time!t2;!t!CO2"e!ha ! CSOC,i,t1! Mean!carbon!stock!in!soil!organic!carbon!for!stratum!i,!at!time!t1!(previous! "1 monitoring!event);!t!CO2"e!ha ! i!!1,!2,!3!…!M!strata!within!the!project!boundary! t!!1,!2,!3!…!t!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!the!project!activity! T!!number!of!years!between!monitoring!points!t1!and!t2! UncertaintyC_SOC,i,t! Percentage!uncertainty!(expressed!as!90%!confidence!interval!as!a!percentage! of!the!mean)!in!the!net!carbon!stock!change!in!soil!organic!carbon!for!stratum!i! at!time!t;!%!! USOC,i,t1! Percentage!uncertainty!!in!the!carbon!stock!soil!organic!carbon!for!stratum!i!at! time!t1;!%!! !! ! AR!Module!CP"S!–!93! ! USOC,i,t2! Percentage!uncertainty!!in!the!carbon!stock!soil!organic!carbon!for!stratum!i!at! time!t2;!%!! ! III.!DATA!AND!PARAMETERS!THAT!ARE!MONITORED!! Data!/!parameter:! CSOCsample,! Data!unit:! g!C/100!g!soil!(fine!fraction!<2mm)! Used!in!equations:! 1! Description:! Soil!organic!carbon!of!the!sample! Source!of!data:! Field!sampling!and!laboratory!determination! Measurement! For!soil!carbon!determination,!an!aggregate!sample!(e.g.!from!4!systematically" procedures!(if!any):! distributed!cores)!is!collected!from!within!a!sample!plot!in!the!field,!thoroughly! mixed!and!sieved!through!a!2!mm!sieve.!!! The!prepared!sample!is!analyzed!for!percent!organic!carbon!using!either!dry! combustion!using!a!controlled"temperature!furnace!(e.g.!LECO!CHN"2000,!LECO! RC"412!multi"carbon!analyzer,!or!equivalent),!dichromate!oxidation!with! heating,!or!Walkley"Black!method.!!! Further!guidance!is!provided!in!the!IPCC!2003!GPG"LULUCF!and!in! ! Nelson,!D.W.,!and!L.E.!Sommers.!1982.!Total!carbon,!organic!carbon,!and! organic!matter.!p.!539–580.!In!A.L.!Page!et!al.!(ed.)!Methods!of!soil!Analysis.! Part!2.!2nd!ed.!Agron.!Monogr.!9.!ASA!and!SSSA,!Madison,!WI.! ! Pearson,!T.,!Walker,!S.!and!Brown,!S.!2005.!Sourcebook!for!Land!Use,!Land"Use! Change!and!Forestry!Projects.!Winrock!International!and!the!World!Bank! Biocarbon!Fund.!57pp.!Available!at:! http://www.winrock.org/Ecosystems/files/Winrock" BioCarbon_Fund_Sourcebook"compressed.pdf! Monitoring! ! frequency:! QA/QC!procedures:! ! Any!comment:! ! ! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! BDsample! Data!unit:! g!cm"3! Used!in!equations:! 1! Description:! Bulk!density!of!fine!( !! ! AR!Module!CP"S!–!94! ! (>2mm)!are!sieved!and!weighed!separately.! The!bulk!density!of!the!soil!core!is!estimated!as:! ODW( RF BD # ! sample CV ! Where:!! !=!! Bulk!density!of!the!!2!mm)!in!grams! ! Note!that!volume!includes!coarse!(>2mm)!fragments.!Because!coarse!rocky! fragments!occupy!space!in!the!soil!profile!in!which!carbon!is!not!stored,! discounting!this!volume!as!in!traditional!bulk!density!calculations!would! overestimate!soil!carbon!stocks!when!applied!to!a!volume!that!does!not! distinguish!between!coarse!and!fine!fractions.! Further!guidance!is!provided!in!the!IPCC!2003!GPG"LULUCF!and!in! ! Nelson,!D.W.,!and!L.E.!Sommers.!1982.!Total!carbon,!organic!carbon,!and! organic!matter.!p.!539–580.!In!A.L.!Page!et!al.!(ed.)!Methods!of!soil!Analysis.! Part!2.!2nd!ed.!Agron.!Monogr.!9.!ASA!and!SSSA,!Madison,!WI.! ! Pearson,!T.,!Walker,!S.!and!Brown,!S.!2005.!Sourcebook!for!Land!Use,!Land"Use! Change!and!Forestry!Projects.!Winrock!International!and!the!World!Bank! Biocarbon!Fund.!57pp.!Available!at:! http://www.winrock.org/Ecosystems/files/Winrock" BioCarbon_Fund_Sourcebook"compressed.pdf! Monitoring! ! frequency:! QA/QC!procedures:! ! Any!comment:! ! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! Dsample! Data!unit:! cm! Used!in!equations:! 1! Description:! Depth!to!which!soil!sample!is!collected! Source!of!data:! Core!dimensions!recorded!in!the!field! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Monitoring! ! frequency:! QA/QC!procedures:! ! Any!comment:! ! !! ! AR!Module!LK"FW!–!95! ! !"#$%&'()(*(+,-!*#$().*%! LK"FW!Estimation!of!GHG!emission!related!to! displacement!of!fuel"wood! I.!SCOPE,!APPLICABILITY!AND!PARAMETERS! Scope! The!management!practices!implemented!by!the!project!participants!may!require!at!least!temporary! 12 displacement!of!fuel"wood!collection .!If!part!the!fuel"wood!gathered!outside!the!project!boundary!does!not! 13 obey!the!most!recent!definition!of!renewable!biomass!as!approved!by!the!CDM!EB !then!leakage!due!to! displacement!of!fuelwood!collection!(LKfuelwood!)!shall!be!estimated.! ! This!module!allows!for!estimating!GHG!emission!related!to!displacement!of!fuel"wood!caused!by! reforestation!or!afforestation!of!land.! This!module!is!based!on!the!approved!CDM!methodologies:! (Note!to!reviewer:!For!ease!of!review!all!text!directly!taken!from!another!methodology!is!colored!as! stated.!Once!review!has!been!completed!and!the!methodology!approved!the!color!coding!will!be! removed)! ! AR-ACM0001 “Reforestation or afforestation of land currently under agriculture – V2”: (Text in Green) ! CDM AR-AM0004: “Reforestation or afforestation of land currently under agricultural use - V 3” (Text in orange) ! Applicability! The! module! is! applicable! for! estimating! the! leakage! emissions! due! to! the! displacement! of! fuel"wood! collection!outside!the!project!boundaries!as!a!result!of!project!activities.! Parameters! This!module!provides!procedures!to!determine!the!following!parameter:! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 12 In this context, fuelwood refers both to fuel-wood collection for direct use and for charcoal production. 13 See Glossary of CDM terms at: htt://cdm.unfccc.int/Reference/Guidclarif !! ! AR!Module!LK"FW!–!96! ! Parameter! SI!Unit! Description LKfuel"wood! t"CO2"e Net!CO2!emissions!due!to!displacement!of!fuel"wood!collection! LKfuel"wood,t! t"CO2"e Net!CO2!emissions!due!to!displacement!of!fuel"wood!collection!at!year!t "1 UncertaintyLK,FW,i,t! %!!ha ! Uncertainty!in!leakage!from!fuel"wood!collection!in!strata!i!at!time!t! (expressed!as!90%!confidence!interval!as!a!percentage!of!the!mean)! ! II.!PROCEDURE! Step!0:!Significance!test! Conduct!the!latest!version!of!the!CDM!“Tool!for!testing!significance!of!GHG!emissions!in!A/R!CDM! project!activities”.!! If!application!of!the!most!recent!version!of!the!“Tool!for!testing!significance!of!GHG!emissions!in!A/R! CDM!project!activities”!leads!to!a!conclusion!that!LKfuelwood!(as!calculated!using!the!equation!37)!is! insignificant!then!LKfuelwood!can!be!neglected,!i.e.!accounted!for!as!zero.! Step!1:!Identify!sampled!households! ! Identify! all! households! whose! fuel"wood! collection! activities! will! be! displaced! by! project! activities! (HHfuelwood).! Randomly! select! 10%! of! households,! or! a! minimum! of! 30! households! to! be! sampled! (SHHfuelwood).!Selection!of!households!cannot!be!biased.! Calculate!the!fraction!of!households!sampled:! SHH SFR # fuelwood PAfw HH fuelwood !!!!!!!!! (1)! ! HHfuelwood! =! Total!number!of!households!whose!fuelwood!collection!activities!will!be!displaced! by!project!activities;!dimensionless! SHHfuelwood! =! Number! of! sampled! households! whose! fuelwood! collection! activities! will! be! displaced!by!project!activities;!dimensionless! SFRPafw! =! fraction!of!total!households!sampled;!dimensionless! !! ! AR!Module!LK"FW!–!97! ! Step!2:!Estimate!the!pre"project!average!annual!volume!of!fuel"wood!gathering!in!the! project!area!(FGBL)! ! Interview!sampled!household!to!determine!average!annual!volume!of!fuel"wood!gathering!in!the!project! area!(sFGBL)!prior!to!the!initiation!of!project!activities.!!! Where! pre"project! fuel"wood! collection! and/or! charcoal! production! activities! exist,! it! is! necessary! to! estimate!the!pre"project!consumption!of!fuel"wood!in!randomly!selected!different!discrete!parcels!or! (subareas)! within! the! project! area.! This! can! be! done! by! interviewing! households! or! implementing! a! Participatory! Rural! Appraisal! (PRA).! Where! several! discrete! parcels! are! present! in! the! project! area,! sampling! techniques! can! be! used.! Others! sources! of! information,! such! as! local! studies! on! fuel"wood! consumption!and/or!charcoal!production!may!also!be!used.!Average!data!from!the!5!to!10!years!time! period!preceding!the!starting!date!of!the!AR!CDM!project!activity!should!be!used!whenever!possible.! The! methodology! assumes! that! the! estimated! historical! or! current! fuel"wood! consumption! and/or! charcoal!production!(FGBL)!will!remain!constant!over!the!entire!crediting!period.! sFGBL FGBL # !!!!!!!!! (2)! SFRPAfw Where:! 3 " FGBL! =! average!pre"project!annual!volume!of!fuel"wood!gathering!in!the!project!area;!m !yr 1! sFGBL! =! sampled! average! pre"project! annual! volume! of! fuel"wood! gathering! in! the! project! area;!m3!yr"1! SFRPafw! =! fraction!of!total!plots!or!households!in!the!project!area!sampled;!dimensionless! Step!3:!Monitor!and!estimate!volume!of!fuel"wood!gathering!during!project! implementation! Create!and!implement!a!monitoring!system!with!sampled!households!to!determine!the!volume!of!wood! collected!within!the!project!area!during!the!project.! For!ex!ante!estimations,!estimate!the!volume!of!fuel"wood!expected!to!be!collected!based!on!project! activity!plans.! 3 " FGAR,t! =! Volume!of!fuel"wood!gathered!in!project!area!according!to!monitoring!results;!m !yr 1! FGAR,exante,t! =! Ex!ante!estimation!of!volume!of!fuel"wood!gathered!allowed/planned!in!the!project! area!under!the!proposed!AR!project!activity;!m3!yr"1! !! ! AR!Module!LK"FW!–!98! ! Step!4:!Monitor!and!estimate!fuel"wood!supplied!by!other!displaced!activities! If!NGL14!areas!are!created!due!to!the!displacement!of!animal!grazing,!monitor!the!volume!of!fuel"wood! gathering!that!is!supplied!to!pre"project!fuel"wood!collectors!and/or!charcoal!producers!(FGNGL,t!).!If!no! NGL!areas!exist!or!no!volume!of!fuel"wood!is!supplied!from!these!areas,!set!FGNGL,t!=!0.! 15 If! LKAcrop,,t! (Area! of! cropland! activity! shifting! leakage )! or! IACh,t! (Identifiable! areas! converted! by! households16)areas!are!created!due!to!the!displacement!of!cropland,!monitor!the!volume!of!fuel"wood! gather!that!is!supplied!to!pre"project!fuel"wood!collectors!and/or!charcoal!producers!(FGcrop,t!,!FGIAC,t).!If! no!LKAcrop,m,t!or!IACh,t!areas!exist!or!no!volume!of!fuel"wood!is!supplied!from!these!areas,!set!FGcrop,t!=0!or! FGIAC,t!=!0.! ! For!ex!ante!estimations,!estimate!the!volume!of!fuel"wood!expected!to!be!collected!based!on!project! activity!plans.! ! It!is!conservative!to!set!FGNGL,!FGcrop,t!,!and/or!FGIAC,t!!=!zero.! FG FG '# FG ' FG ! conv ,t NGL crop ,t IAC ,t !!!!!!!! (3) 3 FGconv,t! =! Average!annual!volume!of!fuel"wood!collected!from!converted!areas!at!year!t;!m ! yr"1! 3 "1 FGNGL,t! =! Average!annual!volume!of!fuel"wood!collected!from!NGL!areas!at!year!t;!m !yr ! FGcrop,t! =! Average! annual! volume! of! fuel"wood! collected! from! areas! of! cropland! activity! shifting,!at!year!t;!m3!yr"1! FGIAC,t! =! Average!annual!volume!of!fuel"wood!collected!from!identifiable!areas!converted! by!households!due!to!small!scale!activity!shifting,!at!year!t;!m3!yr"1! Step!5:!Estimate!volume!of!wood!gathered!outside!project!activities! FG outside ,t FG BL FG AR ,t ((# FG conv ,t !! ! ! ! ! ! (4)! Where:! 3 "1 FGoutside,t! =! volume!of!fuel"wood!gathering!displaced!outside!the!project!area!at!year!t;!m !yr ! FGBL!! =! average!pre"project!annual!volume!of!fuel"wood!gathering!in!the!project!area!–! estimated!ex!ante!and!specified!in!the!CDM"AR"PDD;!m3!yr"1! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 14 See UNFCCC tool for “Estimation of GHG emissions related to displacement of grazing activities in A/R CDM project activity” 15 See Leakage Module: LK ASA – Leakage from Activity Shifting - Agriculture 16 See Leakage Module: LK ASsA – Leakage from Activity Shifting – Small scale agriculture !! ! AR!Module!LK"FW!–!99! ! FGAR,t! =! volume! of! fuel"wood! gathered! in! the! project! area! according! to! monitoring! results;!m3!yr"1! Step!6:!Estimate!leakage!due!to!displacement!of!fuel"wood!collection! Leakage! due! to! displacement! of! fuel"wood! collection! can! be! set! as! zero! (LK! fuel"wood! =! 0)! under! the! following!circumstances:!! ! FGBL! ! LK!fuel"wood! 44 LK # FG FRF )1( D BEF CF 2222(2 !!!! (5)! fuelwood outside ,t DS ,2 DS DS 12 t* LK fuelwood # $ LK fuelwood ,t ! t#1 !!!!!!!! (6) Where:! LK!fuel"wood! =! Leakage!due!to!displacement!of!fuel"wood!collection!up!to!year!t*;!t!CO2"e! LK!fuel"wood,t! =! Leakage!due!to!displacement!of!fuel"wood!collection!at!year!t;!t!CO2"e! 3 "1 FGoutside,t! =! Volume!of!fuel"wood!gathering!displaced!outside!the!project!area!at!year!t;!m !yr ! FRF! =! Fraction!of!fuel"wood!collected!outside!the!project!area!that!obeys!the!definition!of! renewable!biomass;!%! DDS! =! Basic!wood!density!of!dominant!species!DS!collected!as!fuel"wood;!t!d.m.!m"3! (See! IPCC!GPG"LULUCF,!Table!3A.1.9)! BEF2,DS! =! Biomass! expansion! factor! for! conversion! of! volumes! of! extracted! round"wood! to! total! above"ground! biomass! for! dominant! species! DS! collected! as! fuel"wood;! dimensionless! CFDS! =!!!!Carbon!fraction!of!dry!matter!for!dominant!species!DS!collected!as!fuel"wood;!t!C!(t! d.m.)"1!! III.!Data!and!Parameters!Not!Monitored!(Default!or!Measured!One!Time)! ! Data!/!parameter:! HH! !! ! AR!Module!LK"FW!–!100! ! Data!unit:! Dimensionless! Used!in!equations:! 1! Description:! Total!number!of!households!whose!fuelwood!collection!activities!will!be! displaced!by!project!activities! Source!of!data:! Household!interview! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! SHH! Data!unit:! Dimensionless! Used!in!equations:! 1! Description:! Number!of!sampled!households!whose!fuelwood!collection!activities!will!be! displaced!by!project!activities! Source!of!data:! ! Measurement! Randomly!select!10%!or!a!minimum!of!30!households!from!total!number!of!households! procedures!(if!any):! (HH)! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! sFGBL! Data!unit:! Dimensionless! Used!in!equations:! 2! Description:! sampled!average!pre"project!annual!volume!of!fuel"wood!gathering!in!the! project!area! Source!of!data:! Household!surveys,!local!studies! Measurement! This!can!be!done!by!interviewing!households!or!implementing!a!Participatory! procedures!(if!any):! Rural!Appraisal!(PRA).!Where!several!discrete!parcels!are!present!in!the!project! area,!sampling!techniques!can!be!used.!Others!sources!of!information,!such!as! local!studies!on!fuel"wood!consumption!and/or!charcoal!production!may!also! be!used.!Average!data!from!the!5!to!10!years!time!period!preceding!the!starting! date!of!the!AR!CDM!project!activity!should!be!used!whenever!possible! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! FGex!ant,t! Data!unit:! m3!yr"1! Used!in!equations:! 4! Description:! Ex!ante!estimation!of!volume!of!fuel"wood!gathered!in!project!area!according!to! monitoring!results! Source!of!data:! Estimation! Measurement! Estimate!volume!based!on!project!activity!plans!! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! !! !! ! AR!Module!LK"FW!–!101! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! DDS! Data!unit:! t!d.m.!m"3! Used!in!equations:! 5! Description:! Average!basic!wood!density!of!dominant!species!collected! Source!of!data:! Literature!or!IPCC!GPG"LULUCF,!Table!3A.1.9! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! BEF2,DS! Data!unit:! Dimensionless! Used!in!equations:! 5! Description:! Biomass!expansion!factor!for!conversion!of!volumes!of!extracted!roundwood!to! total!above"ground!biomass!for!dominant!species!DS!collected!as!fuelwood! Source!of!data:! Literature!or!IPCC!GPG"LULUCF,!Table!3A.1.10! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! CF! Data!unit:! t!C!(t!d.m.)"1! Used!in!equations:! 5! Description:! Carbon!fraction!of!dry!matter! Source!of!data:! Default!value!of!0.47!t!C!t"1!d.m.!can!be!used,!or!species!specific!!values!from!the! literature!(e.g.!IPCC!2006!INV!GLs!AFOLU!Chapter!4!Table!4.3)! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! IV.!DATA!AND!PARAMETERS!MONITORED! ! Data!/!parameter:! FGNGL! Data!unit:! m3!yr"1! Used!in!equations:! 3! Description:! Average!annual!volume!of!fuel"wood!collected!from!NGL!areas! Source!of!data:! Field!data!collection! Measurement! Monitor!the!volume!of!wood!created!by!conversion!of!NGL!that!is!used!by! procedures!(if!any):! households!with!displaced!fuel"wood!collection! Any!comment:! ! ! !! !! ! AR!Module!LK"FW!–!102! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! FGcrop,! Data!unit:! m3!yr"1! Used!in!equations:! 3! Description:! Average!annual!volume!of!fuel"wood!collected!from!areas!of!cropland!activity! shifting! Source!of!data:! Field!data!collection! Measurement! Monitor!the!volume!of!wood!created!by!conversion!to!croplands!by!landowners! procedures!(if!any):! with!displaced!fuel"wood!collection! Any!comment:! The!area!where!displacement!of!cropland!occurs!is!equal!to!LKAcrop!(Area!of! cropland!activity!shifting!leakage).!This!parameter!is!found!in:!LK!ASA!–!Leakage! from!Activity!Shifting!"!Agriculture! ! Data!/!parameter:! FGIAC! Data!unit:! m3!yr"1! Used!in!equations:! 3! Description:! Average!annual!volume!of!fuel"wood!collected!from!identifiable!areas! converted!by!households!due!to!small!scale!activity!shifting! Source!of!data:! Field!data!collection! Measurement! Monitor!the!volume!of!wood!created!by!conversion!of!identifiable!areas!to!! procedures!(if!any):! croplands!by!households!with!displaced!fuel"wood!collection! Any!comment:! The!area!of!identified!conversion!is!equal!to!IACh,t!(Identifiable!areas!converted! by!households).!This!!parameter!is!found!in:!LK!ASsA!–!Leakage!from!Activity! Shifting!–!Small!scale!agriculture! ! Data!/!parameter:! FGAR,t! Data!unit:! m3!yr"1! Used!in!equations:! 4! Description:! Volume!of!fuel"wood!gathered!in!project!area!according!to!monitoring!results! Source!of!data:! Sampled!households! Measurement! Create!system!to!monitor!sampled!households.!!This!can!be!done!by! procedures!(if!any):! interviewing!households!or!implementing!a!Participatory!Rural!Appraisal!(PRA).!! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! FRF! Data!unit:! %! Used!in!equations:! 5! Description:! Fraction!of!fuel"wood!collected!outside!the!project!area!that!obeys!the! definition!of!renewable!biomass! Source!of!data:! Field!measurements! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! !! ! AR!Module!LK"FW!–!103! ! V.!TERMS!ORIGINATING!IN!OTHER!MODULES!OR!TOOLS! ! Data!/!parameter:! LKAcrop! Data!unit:! Hectares! Used!in!equations:! ! Description:! Area!of!cropland!activity!shifting!leakage! Source!of!data:! Leakage!Module:!LK!ASA!–!Leakage!from!Activity!Shifting!"!Agriculture! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! IACh,! Data!unit:! hectares! Used!in!equations:! ! Description:! Identifiable!areas!converted!by!households! Source!of!data:! Leakage!Module:!LK!ASsA!–!Leakage!from!Activity!Shifting!–!Small!scale! agriculture! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASA!–!104! ! !"#$%&'()(*(+,-!*#$().*%! LK"ASA!Estimating!activity!shifting!leakage!of!large" scale!agricultural!production! I.!SCOPE,!APPLICABILITY!AND!PARAMETERS!!!! Scope! This!module!allows!for!estimating!GHG!emissions!caused!by!the!activity!shifting!leakage!of!agricultural! production!including!both!crop!production!and!grazing!activities.! This!module!refers!to!the!latest!approved!versions!of!the!following!tool:! ! A/R!Methodological!tool:!“Estimation!of!GHG!emissions!related!to!displacement!of!grazing! activities!in!A/R!CDM!project!activity"!AR"AM_Tool_09”! This!module!is!based!on!the!approved!CDM!methodology:! (Note!to!reviewer:!For!ease!of!review!all!text!directly!taken!from!another!methodology!is!colored!as! stated.!Once!review!has!been!completed!and!the!methodology!approved!the!color!coding!will!be! removed)! ! CDM!AR"AM0004:!“Reforestation!or!afforestation!of!land!currently!under!agricultural!use!"!V! 3”!(Text!in!Orange)! Applicability! The! module! is! applicable! for! estimating! the! leakage! emissions! due! to! activity! shifting! from! areas! currently!under!cropland!and/or!grazing!lands.! The! agents! of! cropland! production! or! grazing! activities! must! have! clear! land! tenure! or! legal! landownership!rights!to!the!all!project!lands.!Under!this!situation,!displacement!of!baseline!activities!can! be!controlled!and!measured!directly!by!monitoring!the!activities!of!the!landowners!who!were!originally! conducting!the!agricultural! production.!These!landowners!(including!individuals,!communities,!private! companies,!or!local/national!governments)!may!own!multiple!parcels!of!forest!land!within!the!country! that!could!be!used!to!make!up!for!the!generation!of!goods!and/or!services!lost!through!implementation! of!the!carbon!project.!!In!such!cases,!it!must!be!demonstrated!that!the!management!plans!and/or!land" use!designations!of!other!owned!lands!have!not!materially!changed!as!a!result!of!the!planned!project! (e.g.,! designating! new! lands! for! agricultural! production,! increasing! production! on! existing! agricultural! lands! beyond! the! carry! capacity! of! the! land).! At! each! verification,! documentation! shall! be! provided! covering!the!other!owned!lands!where!leakage!could!occur,!including,!at!a!minimum,!their!location(s),! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASA!–!105! ! land!use!at!the!start!of!the!project!activity!or!at!the!time!the!land!was!purchased!(if!new!land!purchased! after!start!of!project),!existing!land!use(s),!and!management!plans.!!! For! situations! where! individual! entities! do! not! have! clear! land! tenure/ownership,! then! the! following! leakage!module!should!be!used:!LK"ASsA!“Estimating!activity!leakage!due!to!conversion!of!land!to!crop! land!by!smallholder!agriculturalists”.! Assumptions! This!module!assumes!that:! ! The! sale! of! grazing! animals! to! an! entity! not! involved! in! the! project! activity! or! slaughter! of! grazing!animals!does!not!result!in!leakage;! ! Carbon!stocks!in!above"ground!biomass,!below"ground!biomass,!litter,!and!deadwood!pools!are! emitted!to!the!atmosphere!if!the!displacement!results!in!deforestation;! ! Displacement! of! grazing! activities! or! cropland! activities! to! unidentified! lands! results! in! deforestation! Parameters! This!module!provides!procedures!to!determine!the!following!parameters:! Parameter! SI!Unit! Description! LKActivityShifting! t"CO2"e! Net!CO2"e!emissions!due!to!activity!shifting!leakage!for!large"scale! agricultural!production! LKdisp"crops,i,t! t"CO2"e! Net!CO2"e!emissions!due!to!activity!shifting!leakage!from!large" scale!cropland!production!from!stratum!m,!at!time!t! LKdisp"graz,i,t! t"CO2"e! Net!CO2"e!emissions!due!to!activity!shifting!leakage!from! displacement!of!animals!from!stratum!m,!at!time!t! Udisp"crops,i,t! %! Uncertainty!in!leakage!due!to!displacement!of!large"scale!cropland! in!stratum!i,!at!time!t;!%! Udisp"graz,i,t! %! Uncertainty!in!leakage!due!to!displacement!of!grazing!in!stratum!i,! at!time!t;!%! II.!PROCEDURE! “Activity! shifting”! or! “activity! displacement”! may! result! in! leakage! immediately! after! the! start! of! the! project! activity! when! activities! are! displaced! to! areas! outside! the! project! boundary.! However,! it! is! assumed! that! conversion! of! land! is! not! attributable! to! AR! project! activities! if! the! conversion! of! land! occurs!5!or!more!years!after!the!displacement!of!the!activity!to!areas!outside!the!project!boundary!by! project!activities.!! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASA!–!106! ! ! LK ActivitySh ifting # LK disp (crops ,, ti ' LK ( grazdisp ,, ti !!!!!!! (1)! where:! LKActivityShifting! Total!GHG!emissions!due!to!activity!shifting!for!projects!from!stratum!i,!at!time! t;!t!CO2"e! LKdisp"crops,i,t! Total!GHG!emissions!due!to!cropland!activity!shifting!from!stratum!i,!at!time!t;!t! CO2"e! LKdisp"graz,i,t! Total!GHG!emissions!due!to!the!displacement!of!animals!from!stratum!i,!at!time! t;!t!CO2"e! STEP!0:!Identify!the!agents!of!agricultural!production!with!project!boundary! Identify!all!entities!that!currently!own!agricultural!land!within!the!project!boundary!where!the!project! activity!will!take!place.!Randomly!select!10%!of!land!owners,!or!a!minimum!of!30!land!owners!to!be! sampled.!Selection!of!land!owners!cannot!be!biased.! Section!A.!Cropland!Activity!Shifting!Leakage! Cr"STEP!1:!Determine!the!baseline!area!of!agricultural!land!per!land!owner!! On!agricultural!lands,!from!year!to!year!the!same!area!of!land!may!be!used!for!a!variety!of!purposes! including! various! crops! or! animal! grazing.! Land! may! be! left! fallow! for! a! number! of! years! prior! to! returning!to!agricultural!production.!In!this!module,!‘agricultural!land’!is!defined!as!all!lands!where!crop! production! or! animal! grazing! is! occurring! or! has! occurred! in! the! past! and! is! planned! to! occur! in! the! future.! It! does! not! include! areas! that! have! been! abandoned! or! will! not! be! put! into! either! crop! production!or!grazing!production!in!the!future.!! Determine!the!area!of!‘agricultural!land’!in!the!baseline!scenario!for!each!sampled!land!owner!per!year! (for!time!0!to!5),!both!within!the!project!boundaries!and!outside!the!project!boundaries!(but!within!the! borders!of!the!project!activity!country).!! LO LO Area BSL,t # $ AreaBSL k graz,,, t ' $ AreaBSL k crop,,, t !!!!!! (2)! k#1 k#1 where:! AreaBSL,t! Total!agricultural!land!area!in!the!baseline!of!sampled!landowners,!at!time!t;!!ha! AreaBSL,k,graz,t! Total!area!of!land,!owner!k!to!be!under!grazing!in!the!baseline,!at!time!t;!!ha! AreaBSL,k,crop,t! Total!area!of!land,!owner!k!to!be!under!cropland!in!the!baseline,!at!time!t;!!ha! t! 0,1,!2,!3,!…!5!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!the!project!activity,!but!a!maximum! of!5!years! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASA!–!107! ! k! 1,2,3…LO!!sampled!land!owners! Three!options!exist!for!estimating!the!baseline!agricultural!production!area:! Option!1.1:!Baseline!agricultural!production!area!on!existing!management!plans! Where! management! plans! exist! for! the! land! owner! describing! the! area! that! will! be! placed! under! agricultural! production! for! at! least! the! first! five! years! after! the! ‘activity! displacement’,! then! this! management!plan!can!be!used.! Option! 1.2:! Baseline! cropland! production! area! and! head! of! animals! based! on! past! agricultural! production! Where!no!future!management!plans!exist,!but!existing!records!of!past!crop!production!do!exist!these! records!can!be!used.!Two!baseline!approaches!are!available:! a) Historical!average!approach:!Under!this!approach,!the!baseline!annual!area!under!cropland! production!and!area!under!grazing!lands!is!assumed!to!be!equal!to!the!average!cropland!area,! and!grazing!area,!respectively,!during!the!previous!5!years.! b) Linear!extrapolation!approach:!With!this!approach,!the!annual!area!under!cropland!production,! and!area!under!grazing!lands!can!be!estimated!by!extrapolating!the!historical!annual!(last!5! years)!trend!using!a!linear!regression.! Option!1.3:!Baseline!agricultural!production!based!on!current!agricultural!production! For! land! owners! where! no! future! management! or! records! of! past! production! exist,! the! baseline! agricultural! area!can!assumed! to! be!constant!and! equal!the!area!under! cropland! production!and!the! area!under!grazing!land!at!the!time!activity!displacement!takes!place.! Cr"STEP!2:!Determine!area!of!agricultural!land!that!will!be!displaced!due!to!project! activities!per!land!owner! Using!the!project!activity!management!plans,!determine!the!total!area!within!the!project!boundary! owned!by!each!sampled!land!owner!where!baseline!activities!will!be!displaced!by!the!project.!! LO LO Area Pr,t # $ AreaPr,k graz,, t ' $ AreaPr,k crop,, t !!!!! !!(3)! k#1 k#1 where:! AreaPr,t! Total!agricultural!land!area!within!the!project!boundary!where!project!activities! will!take!place,!at!time!t;!!ha! AreaPr,k,graz,t! Total!area!of!grazing!land!within!the!project!boundary,!owner!k,!at!time!t;!!ha! AreaPr,k,crop,t! Total!area!of!cropland!within!the!project!boundary,!owner!k,!at!time!t;!!ha! t! 0,1,!2,!3,!…!5!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!the!project!activity,!but!a!maximum! of!5!years! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASA!–!108! ! k! 1,2,3…LO!!sampled!landowners! The!distribution!of!cropland!and!grazing!lands!for!each!landowner’s!lands!can!be!based!on!the!historical! distribution!of!these!land!use!types!determined!in!step!2.!! Cr"STEP!3:!Monitor!actual!areas!of!agricultural!land!per!land!owner! Return!at!least!after!one!year!of!activity!displacement!by!project!activities!has!taken!place!and!five! years!after!activity!displacement!has!occurred.!More!frequent!monitoring!is!allowed,!but!not!required.! Determine!the!actual!total!area!under!cropland!and!grazing!production!and!head!of!grazing!animals!(see! Gr"Step!3)!for!each!land!owner.!This!area!can!be!determined!using!records!of!crop!and!animal! production!in!combination!with!field!verification!or!using!direct!field!measurement.! LO Area Actual graz,, t # $ Area Actual k graz,,, t ! !!!!!!!(4)! k#1 LO Area Actual crop,, t # $ Area Actual k crop,,, t !! !!!!!!(5)! ! k#1 where:! AreaActual,graz,t! Actual!total!area!of!grazing!land,!at!time!t;!!ha! AreaActual,k,graz,t! Actual!total!area!of!grazing!land,!owner!k,!at!time!t;!!ha! AreaActual,,crop,t! Actual!total!area!of!sampled!owners!under!cropland,!at!time!t;!!ha! AreaActual,k,crop,t! Actual!total!area!of!cropland,!owner!k,!at!time!t;!!ha! t! 0,1,!2,!3,!…!5!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!activity!displacement,!but!a! maximum!of!5!years! k! 1,2,3…LO!!sampled!land!owners!! Cr"STEP!4:!Calculate!the!area!of!cropland!displacement! LKA crop ,t 2(# (1 Area BSL crop ,, t ( Area Pr, crop ,t ( Area Actual crop ,, t ) !!! !!(6)! if!! LKA crop ,t 1 0 ! !!then! LKA crop ,t # 0 ! ! !! where:! LKAcrop,t,! The!area!of!cropland!activity!shifting!leakage!at!time!t;!ha! AreaActual,crop,t! Actual!total!area!of!sampled!landowners!under!cropland,!at!time!t;!!ha! AreaPr,crop,t! Total!area!of!sampled!landowners!under!cropland!within!the!project!boundary,! at!time!t;!!ha! AreaBSL,crop,t! Total!area!of!sampled!landowners!under!cropland!in!the!baseline,!at!time!t;!!ha! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASA!–!109! ! Cr"STEP!5.!Estimate!area!of!each!pre"activity!shifting!stratum! Where!activity!shifting!of!cropland!production!has!taken!place,!the!emissions!resulting!from!that!activity! shifting!must!be!conservatively!estimated.!! For!each!sampled!land!owner,!locate!all!land!areas!that!have!been!converted!into!cropland!production! since!activity!displacement.!Stratify!these!land!areas!into!pre"conversion!land!cover!stratum!based!on! average!carbon!stocks!of!land!cover!prior!to!conversion.! To!be!conservative,!it!should!be!assumed!that!leakage!has!taken!place!in!the!stratum!areas!with!the! highest!carbon!stocks.! MB LKAcrop,t # $LKAcrop ,, tm !!!!!!!!(7)! m#1 !! where:! LKAcrop,t! The!area!of!cropland!activity!shifting!leakage!at!time!t;!ha! LKAcrop,m,t! The!area!of!cropland!activity!shifting!leakage,!for!stratum!m,!at!time!t;!ha! t! 0,1,!2,!3,!…!5!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!the!project!activity,!but!a!maximum! of!5!years! m!!1,!2,!3!…MB!pre"activity!shifting!strata! Cr"STEP!6.!Estimate!changes!in!carbon!stocks!resulting!from!cropland!activity! displacement!in!each!stratum! If!leakage!has!taken!place,!the!change!in!carbon!stocks!resulting!from!this!displacement!must!be! calculated.!! LK ,i pre ,m post ,l ((#" CCCC wp ,m !!!!!!!! ! (8)! U # 2 2 '' UUU 2 (9)! C (LK ,i pre ,m post ,l wp ,m !!!!!!!! where:! #CLK,i! Net!carbon!stock!changes!in!all!pools!resulting!from!land!use!conversion!in!stratum!i;!t! "1 CO2"e!ha !! "1 Cpre,m! Carbon!stock!in!all!pools!in!pre"activity!shifting!stratum!m;!t!CO2"e!ha !! "1 Cpost,m! Carbon!stock!in!all!pools!in!the!actual!post"activity!shifting!stratum!l;!t!CO2"e!ha !! CWP,m! Carbon!stock!sequestered!in!wood!products!in!pre"activity!shifting!stratum!m;!t!CO2"e! ha"1! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASA!–!110! ! UC"LK,i! Percent!uncertainty!in!net!carbon!stock!in!all!pools!resulting!from!land!use!conversion!in! stratum!i;!%! Upre,m! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!all!pools!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m;! %! Upost,m! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!all!pools!in!the!post"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m;! %! Uwp,m! Percent!uncertainty!in!wood!products!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m;!%! m! 1,!2,!3!…MB!pre"activity!shifting!strata! l! 1,!2,!3!…MP!strata!in!actual!post"activity!shifting!stratum! ! If!the!carbon!stocks!of!the!pre"activity!shifting!stratum!m!are!lower!than!the!average!carbon!stocks!of! the!project!lands!prior!to!project!activities,!then!the!net!carbon!stock!changes!from!leakage!in!stratum! m!can!be!assumed!to!be!zero:! EBiomassLoss If:!! C pre,m 1 then!! #CLK,m!=!0!! ! ! ! ! ! (10)! APr oject ! ! where:! #CLK,m! Net!carbon!stock!changes!in!all!pools!resulting!from!land!use!conversion!in!stratum!i;!t! "1! CO2"e!ha "1 Cpre,m! Carbon!stock!in!all!pools!in!pre"activity!shifting!stratum!m;!t!CO2"e!ha !! EBiomassLoss!! Increase!in!CO2!emissions!from!loss!of!biomass!in!existing!vegetation!as!a!result!of!site! 17 preparation;!t!CO2 ! Aproject!! Total!area!of!the!project! ! Cr"STEP!6.1!Pre"activity!shifting!carbon!stocks! pre ,m AB ,m BB ,m DW ,m LI ,m ''''# CCCCCC SOC ,m !!!!!! (11)! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 17 To calculate see the latest version of the CDM Tool “Estimation of emissions from clearing, burning, and decay of existing vegetation due to implementation of a A/R project activity” !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASA!–!111! ! 2 2 2 2 2 %&%&%&%&%AG,m * AG,m ' BG,m * BG,m ' DW ,m * DW ,m ' LI m * LI ,, m ' SOC,m *CUCUCUCUCU SOC,m & U pre,m # (12)! %&AB,m BG,m DW ,m LI ,m '''' CCCCC SOC,m ! where:! "1 Cpre,m! Carbon!stock!in!all!pools!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m;!t!CO2"e!ha !! CAB,m! Carbon!stock!in!aboveground!biomass!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m;!t!CO2"e! ha"1!! CBB,m! Carbon!stock!in!belowground!biomass!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m;!t!CO2"e! ha"1!! "1 CDW,m! Carbon!stock!in!dead!wood!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m;!t!CO2"e!ha ! "1 CLI,m! Carbon!stock!in!litter!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m;!t!CO2"e!ha ! "1! CSOCm! Carbon!stock!in!soil!organic!carbon!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m;!t!CO2"e!ha Upre,m! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!all!pools!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m;! %! UAB,m! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!aboveground!biomass!in!the!pre"activity!shifting! in!stratum!m;!%!! UBB,m! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!belowground!biomass!in!the!pre"activity!shifting! in!stratum!m;!%!! UDW,m! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!dead!wood!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum! m;!%! ULI,m! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!litter!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m;!%! USOCm! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!soil!organic!carbon!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in! stratum!m;!%! ! It!is!conservative!to!assume!all!Cpre,m!!is!equal!to!average!published!estimates!of!the!total!carbon!stock!of! a!mature!forest!in!the!region!of!project!(GPG!for!LULUCG!default!data,!literature,!or!original!field! measurements).! Carbon!stock!data!for!each!stratum!must!be!conservatively!estimated!using!either:!original!field!data!or! the!maximum!carbon!stock!for!a!particular!stratum!i!found!in!published!studies!from!the!region.! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASA!–!112! ! Cr"STEP!6.2!Post"Deforestation!Carbon!Stocks! Post"deforestation!carbon!stocks!should!be!the!long"term!average!stocks!on!the!land!following! deforestation.!Where!stocks!accumulate!through!time!the!ultimate!stock!should!be!used!and!where! stocks!are!in!a!cycle!such!as!in!shifting!cultivation!the!mean!stock!across!the!cycle!should!be!used.! post ,l AB ,l BB ,l DW ,l LI ,l ''''# CCCCCC SOC ,l !!!!!! (13)! %&%&%&%&%* 2 ' * 2 ' * 2 ' * 2 ' *CUCUCUCUCU &2 U # AG l AG,, l BG ti BG,,, l DW,l DW ,l LI ti LI ,,, l SOC ,, ti SOC,l (14)! post,l %&'''' CCCCC AB,l BG,l DW l LI ,, l SOC,l ! It!is!conservative!to!assume!Cpost,l!=!0! where:! Cpost,l! Carbon!stock!in!all!pools!in!the!post"land!use!conversion!post"land!use!conversion!in! "1 stratum!l;!t!CO2"e!ha !! CAB,l! Carbon!stock!in!aboveground!biomass!in!the!post"land!use!conversion!in!stratum!l;!t! "1 CO2"e!ha ! CBB,l! Carbon!stock!in!belowground!biomass!in!the!post"land!use!conversion!in!stratum!l;!t! "1 CO2"e!ha ! "1 CDW,l! Carbon!stock!in!dead!wood!in!the!post"land!use!conversion!in!stratum!l;!t!CO2"e!ha ! "1 CLI,l! Carbon!stock!in!litter!in!the!post"land!use!conversion!in!stratum!l;!t!CO2"e!ha ! CSOC,l! Carbon!stock!in!soil!organic!carbon!in!the!post"land!use!conversion!in!stratum!l;!t!CO2"e! ha"1! Upost,l! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!all!pools!in!the!post"land!use!conversion!post" land!use!conversion!in!stratum!l;!%! UAB_tree,l! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!aboveground!biomass!in!trees!in!the!post"land! use!conversion!in!stratum!l;!%! UBB_tree,l! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!belowground!biomass!in!trees!in!the!post"land! use!conversion!in!stratum!l;!%! UDW,l! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!dead!wood!in!the!post"land!use!conversion!in! stratum!l;!%! ULI,l! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!litter!in!the!post"land!use!conversion!in!stratum!l;! %! USOC,l! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!soil!organic!carbon!in!the!post"land!use! conversion!in!stratum!l;!%! Carbon!pools!excluded!from!the!project!can!be!accounted!as!zero.!!It!is!conservative!to!assume!any!and! all!post!deforestation!carbon!stocks!are!equal!to!zero.!Carbon!stock!data!for!each!stratum!must!be! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASA!–!113! ! conservatively!estimated!using!either:!original!field!data!or!the!minimum!carbon!stock!for!a!particular! stratum!l!found!in!published!studies!from!the!region.! Cr"STEP!6.3!Carbon!wood!products!in!pre"activity!shifting!stratum! For!calculation!of!carbon!stock!sequestered!in!wood!products,!see!module!“AR!Module:!Estimation!of! carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in!the!wood!products!pool”.! This!methodology!assumes!all!stocks!are!emitted!in!the!year!of!land!use!conversion.!This!assumption! applies!regardless!of!whether!burning!is!employed.! Cr"Step!7.!Estimate!total!leakage!from!displacement!of!cropping!activities! The!total!leakage!from!the!displacement!of!cropland!activities!is!given!by:! 5 LK disp(crops ,, ti # $%LKAcrop ,, ti "2 CLK ,i &!!!!!!!! (15)! t#1 U #U (16) LKdisp(crops ,, ti C(LK,m !!!!!!!!! ! where:! LKdisp"crops,i,t! Total!GHG!emissions!due!to!cropland!activity!shifting,!for!stratum!i,!at!time!t;!t! CO2"e! LKAcrop,m,t! The!area!of!cropland!activity!shifting!leakage,!for!stratum!i,!at!time!t;!ha! #CLK,i! Net!carbon!stock!changes!in!all!pools!resulting!from!land!use!conversion!in! "1! stratum!i;!t!CO2"e!ha ULK!disp"crops,i,t! Percent!uncertainty!in!GHG!emissions!due!to!cropland!activity!shifting!in! stratum!i,!at!time!t;!%! UC"LK,i! Percent!uncertainty!in!net!carbon!stock!in!all!pools!resulting!from!land!use! conversion!in!stratum!i;!%! t! 0,1,!2,!3,!…!5!years!elapsed!since!activity!displacement,!but!a!maximum!of!5! years! Section!B.!Grazing!Activity!Shifting!Leakage! 5 LK disp(graz # $ LK DisplacementAnimals ,t !!!!!!!! (17)! t#1 where:! LKdisp"graz! Total!GHG!emissions!due!to!displacement!of!animals;!t!CO2"e! LKDisplacementAnimals,t! Leakage!due!to!the!displacement!of!animals!in!year!t;!t!CO2"e! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASA!–!114! ! t! 0,1,!2,!3,!…!5!years!elapsed!since!activity!displacement,!but!a!maximum!of!5! years! Gr"STEP!1:!Determine!the!baseline!level!of!grazing!animals!per!sampled!land!owner! On!agricultural!lands,!from!year!to!year!the!same!area!of!land!may!be!used!for!a!variety!of!purposes! including!various!crops!or!animal!grazing.!The!number!of!grazing! animals!may!fluctuate! from!year! to! year.! Determine!the!number!of!grazing!animals!in!the!baseline!scenario!for!each!sampled!land!owner!per!year! (for!time!0!to!5),!both!within!the!project!boundaries!and!outside!the!project!boundaries!(but!within!the! borders!of!the!project!activity!country).! LO H BSL ,, tg # $ H BSL ,,, tgk !!!!! !!!!!(18)! k#1 where:! HBSL,g,t! Head!of!animals!type!g!in!the!baseline,!at!time!t;!head!! HBSL,k,g,t! Head!of!animals!type!g!in!the!baseline,!owned!by!owner!k,!at!time!t;!head! t! 0,1,!2,!3,!…!5!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!the!project!activity,!but!a!maximum! of!5!years! k!!!! 1,2,3…LO!!sampled!landowners! ! Three!options!exist!for!estimating!the!baseline!number!of!head!of!animals:! Option!1.1:!Baseline!head!of!animals!based!on!existing!management!plans! Where!management!plans!exist!for!the!land!owner!describing!the!number!of!head!of!animals!for!at!least! the!first!five!years!after!the!‘activity!displacement’,!then!this!management!plan!can!be!used.! Option!1.2:!Baseline!head!of!animals!based!on!past!agricultural!production! Where!no!future!management!plans!exist,!but!existing!records!of!number!of!head!of!animals!do!exist! these!records!can!be!used.!Two!baseline!approaches!are!available:! a) Historical!average!approach:!Under!this!approach,!the!baseline!head!of!grazing!animals!is! assumed!to!be!equal!to!the!average!head!of!grazing!animals,!respectively,!during!the!previous!5! years.! b) Linear!extrapolation!approach:!With!this!approach,!baseline!head!of!grazing!animals!can!be! estimated!by!extrapolating!the!historical!annual!(last!5!years)!trend!using!a!linear!regression.! Option!1.3:!Baseline!head!of!animals!based!on!current!agricultural!production! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASA!–!115! ! For!land!owners!where!no!future!management!or!records!of!past!production!exist,!the!baseline!head!of! grazing!animals!can!assumed!to!be!constant!and!equal!to!the!head!of!grazing!animals!at!the!time!activity! displacement!takes!place.! Gr"STEP!2:!Determine!the!number!of!grazing!animals!that!that!will!be!displaced!due!to! project!activities!per!land!owner! Using!the!project!activity!management!plans!and!step!1,!determine!the!total!head!of!animals!owned!by! each!sampled!land!owner!that!will!be!displaced!by!the!project!and!will!not!be!sold!to!entities!not! involved!in!the!project.!! LO H Pr, ,tg # $ H Pr, ,, tgk !!!!!!!! !!(19)! k#1 where:! HPr,g,t! Head!of!animals!type!g!that!are!displaced!in!year!t;!head! HPr,k,g,t! Head!of!animals!type!g!that!are!displaced,!owned!by!owner!k,!in!year!t;!head! t! 0,1,!2,!3,!…!5!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!the!project!activity,!but!a!maximum! of!5!years! k! 1,2,3…LO!!sampled!landowners! if!HPr,g,t!=!0!then!LKdisplacement!=!0!! Gr"STEP!3:!Monitor!actual!number!of!grazing!animals!owned! Return!at!least!after!one!year!of!activity!displacement!has!taken!place!and!five!years!after!activity! displacement!has!occurred.!More!frequent!monitoring!is!allowed,!but!not!required.!Determine!the! actual!head!of!grazing!animals!for!each!land!owner.!This!can!be!determined!using!records!of!animal! production!in!combination!with!field!verification!or!using!direct!field!measurement.! LO H Actual ,, tg # $ H Actual ,,, tgk !!!! !!!!!(20)! k#1 where:! HActual,g,t! Actual!number!of!head!of!animals!type!g,!at!time!t;!head!! HActual,k,g,t! Actual!number!of!head!of!animals!type!g,!owned!by!owner!k,!at!time!t;!head! t! 0,1,!2,!3,!…!5!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!the!project!activity,!but!a!maximum! of!5!years! k!!!! 1,2,3…LO!!sampled!landowners! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASA!–!116! ! Gr"STEP!4:!Calculate!the!amount!grazing!animal!displacement! H LK ,, tg (1 BSL ,, tg Pr, ,tg ((2(# HHH Actual ,, tg ) !!! !!!!(21)! where:! HLK,,g,t! Head!of!animals!type!g!that!may!have!caused!leakage,!at!time!t;!head!! HBSL,g,t! Head!of!animals!type!g!in!the!baseline,!at!time!t;!head!! HActual,g,t! Actual!head!of!animals!type!g,!at!time!t;!head! HPr,g,t! Head!of!animals!type!g!displaced!from!project!area,!at!time!t;!head! t! 0,1,!2,!3,!…!5!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!the!project!activity,!but!a!maximum! of!5!years! if!! H LK ,, tg 1 0 ! !!then!LKdisplacement,t!=!0! ! Gr"STEP!5:!Calculate!leakage!due!to!displacement!of!animals! if!! H LK ,, tg 3 0 ! !!then!the!latest!version!of!A/R!Methodological!tool!“Estimation!of!GHG! emissions!related!to!displacement!of!grazing!activities!in!A/R!CDM!project!activity”!must!be!followed! starting!at!‘step!2’!under!‘PROCEDURE’.! III.!Data!and!Parameters!Not!Monitored!(Default!or!Measured!One!Time)! Data!/!parameter:! !AreaBSL,t! Data!unit:! Ha! Used!in!equations:! 2! Description:! Total!agricultural!land!area!in!the!baseline!of!sampled!landowners,!at!time!t!! Source!of!data:! Calculated!using!equation!2!of!this!module.! Measurement! Review!Remote!Sensing!data!and/or!legal!records!and/or!survey!information.! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! AreaBSL,k,graz,t!! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASA!–!117! ! Data!unit:! Ha! Used!in!equations:! 2! Description:! Total!area!of!land,!owner!k!to!be!under!grazing!in!the!baseline,!at!time!t!! Source!of!data:! Local!data.! Measurement! Review!Remote!Sensing!data!and/or!legal!records!and/or!survey!information.! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! AreaBSL,k,crop,t! Data!unit:! Ha! Used!in!equations:! 2! Description:! Total!area!of!land,!owner!k!to!be!under!cropland!in!the!baseline,!at!time!t! Source!of!data:! Local!data.! Measurement! Review!Remote!Sensing!data!and/or!legal!records!and/or!survey!information.! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! AreaPr,t! Data!unit:! Ha! Used!in!equations:! 3! Description:! Total!agricultural!land!area!within!the!project!boundary!where!project!activities! will!take!place,!at!time!t! Source!of!data:! Calculated!using!equation!3!of!this!module.! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASA!–!118! ! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! AreaPr,k,graz,t!!! Data!unit:! Ha! Used!in!equations:! 3! Description:! Total!area!of!grazing!land!within!the!project!boundary,!owner!k,!at!time!t!! Source!of!data:! Local!data.! Measurement! Review!Remote!Sensing!data!and/or!legal!records!and/or!survey!information.! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! AreaPr,k,crop,t!! Data!unit:! Ha! Used!in!equations:! 2,6! Description:! Total!area!of!cropland!within!the!project!boundary,!owner!k,!at!time!t!! Source!of!data:! Local!data.! Measurement! Review!Remote!Sensing!data!and/or!legal!records!and/or!survey!information.! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! Aproject! Data!unit:! Ha! Used!in!equations:! 10! Description:! Total!area!of!the!project!! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASA!–!119! ! Source!of!data:! Local!data.! Measurement! Review!Remote!Sensing!data!and/or!legal!records!and/or!survey!information.! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! HBSLk,,g,t! Data!unit:! Head! Used!in!equations:! 18! Description:! Head!of!animals!type!g!in!the!baseline,!owned!by!owner!k,!at!time!t! Source!of!data:! Future!management!plans!or!past!records!of!agricultural!production.!!Where!no! plans!or!past!records!are!available,!the!baseline!head!of!grazing!animals!can!be! assumed!to!be!constant!and!equal!to!the!head!of!grazing!animals!at!the!time! activity!displacement!takes!place.! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! HPr,k,,g,t! Data!unit:! Head! Used!in!equations:! 19! Description:! Head!of!animals!type!g!that!are!displaced,!owned!by!owner!k,!at!time!t! Source!of!data:! Project!activity!management!plans!and!GR"STEP!1!of!this!module.! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASA!–!120! ! III.!Data!and!Parameters!That!are!Monitored!(measured!more!than!one! time)!! ! Data!/!parameter:! AreaActual,k,graz,t!! Data!unit:! Ha! Used!in!equations:! 4! Description:! Actual!total!area!of!grazing!land,!owner!k,!at!time!t! Source!of!data:! Local!data.! Measurement! Review!Remote!Sensing!data!and/or!legal!records!and/or!survey!information.! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! AreaActual,k,crop,t!! Data!unit:! Ha! Used!in!equations:! 5! Description:! Actual!total!area!of!cropland,!owner!k,!at!time!t!! Source!of!data:! Local!data.! Measurement! Review!Remote!Sensing!data!and/or!legal!records!and/or!survey!information.! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! AreaPr,crop,t! Data!unit:! Ha! Used!in!equations:! 6! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASA!–!121! ! Description:! Total!area!of!sampled!landowners!under!cropland!within!the!project!boundary,! at!time!t! Source!of!data:! Local!data.! Measurement! Review!Remote!Sensing!data!and/or!legal!records!and/or!survey!information.! procedures!(if!any):! ! Any!comment:! ! Data!/!parameter:! AreaBSL,crop,t! Data!unit:! Ha! Used!in!equations:! 6! Description:! Total!area!of!sampled!landowners!under!cropland!in!the!baseline,!at!time!t!! Source!of!data:! Local!data.! Measurement! Review!Remote!Sensing!data!and/or!legal!records!and/or!survey!information.! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! HActual,k,,g,t! Data!unit:! Head! Used!in!equations:! 20! Description:! Actual!number!of!head!of!animals!type!g,!owned!by!owner!k,!at!time!t! Source!of!data:! Local!data.! Measurement! Use!records!of!animal!production!in!combination!with!field!verification!or!use! procedures!(if!any):! direct!field!measurements.! Any!comment:! ! ! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASA!–!122! ! Data!/!parameter:! i! Data!unit:! ! Used!in!equations:! ! Description:! 1,!2,!3!…i!strata!in!project!area! Source!of!data:! Measurement!data! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! k! Data!unit:! Number! Used!in!equations:! 2,3,4,5,!18,19,20! Description:! 1,2,3…LO!!sampled!land!owners! Source!of!data:! Local!data.! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! LKAcrop,m,t!! Data!unit:! Ha! Used!in!equations:! 7,15! Description:! The!area!of!cropland!activity!shifting!leakage,!for!stratum!m,!at!time!t!! Source!of!data:! Local!data.! Measurement! Review!Remote!Sensing!data!and/or!legal!records!and/or!survey!information.! procedures!(if!any):! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASA!–!123! ! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! l! Data!unit:! ! Used!in!equations:! 8,9,13,14! Description:! 1,!2,!3!…MP!strata!in!actual!post"activity!shifting!stratum! Source!of!data:! ! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! m! Data!unit:! Number! Used!in!equations:! 7,8,9,10,11,12! Description:! 1,!2,!3!…MB!pre"activity!shifting!strata!! Source!of!data:! Local!data! Measurement! Review!Remote!Sensing!data!and/or!survey!information.! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! t! Data!unit:! Year! Used!in!equations:! 2,3,4,7,!15,16,17,18,19,20,21! Description:! 0,1,!2,!3,!…!5!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!the!project!activity,!but!a!maxim!of! 5!years! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASA!–!124! ! Source!of!data:! Local!data.! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! ! ! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASA!–!125! ! IV.!TERMS!ORIGINATING!IN!OTHER!MODULES!OR!TOOLS! Data!/!parameter:! CAB,l! Data!unit:! t!CO2"e! Used!in!equations:! 13,14! Description:! Carbon!stock!in!aboveground!biomass!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m! Source!of!data:! AR!Module:!CP"AG!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in! the!aboveground!biomass!pool!in!project!activities!! Measurement! It!is!conservative!to!assume!that!all!Cpre,l!!is!equal!to!average!published!estimates! procedures!(if!any):! of!the!total!carbon!stock!of!a!mature!forest!in!the!region!of!project.! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! CAB,m! Data!unit:! t!CO2"e! Used!in!equations:! 11,12! Description:! Carbon!stock!in!aboveground!biomass!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m! Source!of!data:! AR!Module:!CP"AG!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in! the!aboveground!biomass!pool!in!project!activities!! Measurement! It!is!conservative!to!assume!that!all!Cpre,m!!is!equal!to!average!published! procedures!(if!any):! estimates!of!the!total!carbon!stock!of!a!mature!forest!in!the!region!of!project.! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! CBB,l! Data!unit:! t!CO2"e! Used!in!equations:! 13,14! Description:! Carbon!stock!in!belowground!biomass!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m!! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASA!–!126! ! Source!of!data:! AR!Module:!CP"BG!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in! the!belowground!biomass!pool!in!project!activities! Measurement! It!is!conservative!to!assume!that!all!Cpre,l!!is!equal!to!average!published!estimates! procedures!(if!any):! of!the!total!carbon!stock!of!a!mature!forest!in!the!region!of!project.! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! CBB,m! Data!unit:! t!CO2"e! Used!in!equations:! 11,12! Description:! Carbon!stock!in!belowground!biomass!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m!! Source!of!data:! AR!Module:!CP"BG!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in! the!belowground!biomass!pool!in!project!activities! Measurement! It!is!conservative!to!assume!that!all!Cpre,m!!is!equal!to!average!published! procedures!(if!any):! estimates!of!the!total!carbon!stock!of!a!mature!forest!in!the!region!of!project.! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! CDW,l! Data!unit:! t!CO2"e! Used!in!equations:! 13,14! Description:! Carbon!stock!in!dead!wood!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m!! Source!of!data:! AR!Module:!CP"D!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in! the!deadwood!biomass!pool!in!project!activities! Measurement! It!is!conservative!to!assume!that!all!Cpre,l!!is!equal!to!average!published!estimates! procedures!(if!any):! of!the!total!carbon!stock!of!a!mature!forest!in!the!region!of!project.! Any!comment:! ! ! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASA!–!127! ! Data!/!parameter:! CDW,m! Data!unit:! t!CO2"e! Used!in!equations:! 11,12! Description:! Carbon!stock!in!dead!wood!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m!! Source!of!data:! AR!Module:!CP"D!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in! the!deadwood!biomass!pool!in!project!activities! Measurement! It!is!conservative!to!assume!that!all!Cpre,m!!is!equal!to!average!published! procedures!(if!any):! estimates!of!the!total!carbon!stock!of!a!mature!forest!in!the!region!of!project.! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! C,LI,l! Data!unit:! t!CO2"e! Used!in!equations:! 13,14! Description:! Carbon!stock!in!litter!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m!! Source!of!data:! AR!Module:!CP"L!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in! the!litter!!pool!in!project!activities! Measurement! It!is!conservative!to!assume!that!all!Cpre,l!!is!equal!to!average!published!estimates! procedures!(if!any):! of!the!total!carbon!stock!of!a!mature!forest!in!the!region!of!project.! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! C,LI,m! Data!unit:! t!CO2"e! Used!in!equations:! 11,12! Description:! Carbon!stock!in!litter!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m!! Source!of!data:! AR!Module:!CP"L!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in! the!litter!!pool!in!project!activities! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASA!–!128! ! Measurement! It!is!conservative!to!assume!that!all!Cpre,m!!is!equal!to!average!published! procedures!(if!any):! estimates!of!the!total!carbon!stock!of!a!mature!forest!in!the!region!of!project.! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! CSOC,l!! Data!unit:! t!CO2"e! Used!in!equations:! 13,14! Description:! Carbon!stock!in!soil!organic!carbon!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m!! Source!of!data:! AR!Module:!CP"S!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in! the!soil!organic!carbon!pool!in!project!activities! Measurement! It!is!conservative!to!assume!that!all!Cpre,l!!is!equal!to!average!published!estimates! procedures!(if!any):! of!the!total!carbon!stock!of!a!mature!forest!in!the!region!of!project.! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! CSOC,m!! Data!unit:! t!CO2"e! Used!in!equations:! 11,12! Description:! Carbon!stock!in!soil!organic!carbon!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m!! Source!of!data:! AR!Module:!CP"S!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in! the!soil!organic!carbon!pool!in!project!activities! Measurement! It!is!conservative!to!assume!that!all!Cpre,m!!is!equal!to!average!published! procedures!(if!any):! estimates!of!the!total!carbon!stock!of!a!mature!forest!in!the!region!of!project.! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! UAB,l! Data!unit:! %! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASA!–!129! ! Used!in!equations:! 13,14! Description:! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!aboveground!biomass!in!the!pre"activity! shifting!in!stratum!m! Source!of!data:! AR!Module:!CP"AG!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in! the!aboveground!biomass!pool!in!project!activities! Measurement! It!is!conservative!to!assume!that!all!Cpre,l!!is!equal!to!average!published!estimates! procedures!(if!any):! of!the!total!carbon!stock!of!a!mature!forest!in!the!region!of!project.! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! CWP,m!! "1 Data!unit:! t!CO2"e!ha ! Used!in!equations:! 8! Description:! Carbon!stock!sequestered!in!wood!products!in!pre"activity!shifting!stratum!m!! Module!parameter! AR!Module:!CP"WP!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in! originates!in:! the!wood!products!pool!in!project!activities! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! EBiomassLoss! Data!unit:! t!CO2"e! Used!in!equations:! 10! Description:! Increase!in!CO2!emissions!from!loss!of!biomass!in!existing!vegetation!as!a!result! of!site!preparation! Source!of!data:! Calculated!using!CDM!Tool!“Estimation!of!emissions!from!clearing,!burning,!and! decay!of!existing!vegetation!due!to!implementation!of!a!A/R!project!activity.”! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASA!–!130! ! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! LKdisp"graz,i,t! Data!unit:! t!CO2"e! Used!in!equations:! 17! Description:! Leakage!due!to!the!displacement!of!animals!in!year!t! Source!of!data:! UNFCCC!A/R!methodological!tool!“Estimation!of!GHG!emissions!related!to! displacement!of!grazing!activities!in!A/R!CDM!project!activity.”! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! UAB,m! Data!unit:! %! Used!in!equations:! 11,12! Description:! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!aboveground!biomass!in!the!pre"activity! shifting!in!stratum!m! Source!of!data:! AR!Module:!CP"AG!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in! the!aboveground!biomass!pool!in!project!activities! Measurement! It!is!conservative!to!assume!that!all!Cpre,m!!is!equal!to!average!published! procedures!(if!any):! estimates!of!the!total!carbon!stock!of!a!mature!forest!in!the!region!of!project.! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! UBB,l! Data!unit:! %! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASA!–!131! ! Used!in!equations:! 13,14! Description:! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!belowground!biomass!in!the!pre"activity! shifting!in!stratum!m!! Source!of!data:! AR!Module:!CP"BG!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in! the!belowground!biomass!pool!in!project!activities! Measurement! It!is!conservative!to!assume!that!all!Cpre,l!!is!equal!to!average!published!estimates! procedures!(if!any):! of!the!total!carbon!stock!of!a!mature!forest!in!the!region!of!project.! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! UBB,m! Data!unit:! %! Used!in!equations:! 11,12! Description:! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!belowground!biomass!in!the!pre"activity! shifting!in!stratum!m!! Source!of!data:! AR!Module:!CP"BG!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in! the!belowground!biomass!pool!in!project!activities! Measurement! It!is!conservative!to!assume!that!all!Cpre,m!!is!equal!to!average!published! procedures!(if!any):! estimates!of!the!total!carbon!stock!of!a!mature!forest!in!the!region!of!project.! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! UDW,l! Data!unit:! %! Used!in!equations:! 13,14! Description:! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!dead!wood!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in! stratum!m!! Source!of!data:! AR!Module:!CP"D!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in! the!deadwood!biomass!pool!in!project!activities! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASA!–!132! ! Measurement! It!is!conservative!to!assume!that!all!Cpre,l!!is!equal!to!average!published!estimates! procedures!(if!any):! of!the!total!carbon!stock!of!a!mature!forest!in!the!region!of!project.! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! UDW,m! Data!unit:! %! Used!in!equations:! 11,12! Description:! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!dead!wood!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in! stratum!m!! Source!of!data:! AR!Module:!CP"D!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in! the!deadwood!biomass!pool!in!project!activities! Measurement! It!is!conservative!to!assume!that!all!Cpre,m!!is!equal!to!average!published! procedures!(if!any):! estimates!of!the!total!carbon!stock!of!a!mature!forest!in!the!region!of!project.! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! U,LI,l! Data!unit:! %! Used!in!equations:! 13,14! Description:! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!litter!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in! stratum!m!! Source!of!data:! AR!Module:!CP"L!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in! the!litter!!pool!in!project!activities! Measurement! It!is!conservative!to!assume!that!all!Cpre,l!!is!equal!to!average!published!estimates! procedures!(if!any):! of!the!total!carbon!stock!of!a!mature!forest!in!the!region!of!project.! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! U,LI,m! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASA!–!133! ! Data!unit:! %! Used!in!equations:! 11,12! Description:! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!litter!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in! stratum!m!! Source!of!data:! AR!Module:!CP"L!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in! the!litter!!pool!in!project!activities! Measurement! It!is!conservative!to!assume!that!all!Cpre,m!!is!equal!to!average!published! procedures!(if!any):! estimates!of!the!total!carbon!stock!of!a!mature!forest!in!the!region!of!project.! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! USOC,l!! Data!unit:! %! Used!in!equations:! 13,14! Description:! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!soil!organic!carbon!in!the!pre"activity! shifting!in!stratum!m!! Source!of!data:! AR!Module:!CP"S!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in! the!soil!organic!carbon!pool!in!project!activities! Measurement! It!is!conservative!to!assume!that!all!Cpre,l!!is!equal!to!average!published!estimates! procedures!(if!any):! of!the!total!carbon!stock!of!a!mature!forest!in!the!region!of!project.! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! USOC,m!! Data!unit:! %! Used!in!equations:! 11,12! Description:! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!soil!organic!carbon!in!the!pre"activity! shifting!in!stratum!m!! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASA!–!134! ! Source!of!data:! AR!Module:!CP"S!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in! the!soil!organic!carbon!pool!in!project!activities! Measurement! It!is!conservative!to!assume!that!all!Cpre,m!!is!equal!to!average!published! procedures!(if!any):! estimates!of!the!total!carbon!stock!of!a!mature!forest!in!the!region!of!project.! Any!comment:! ! ! Table!3.4.2!from!GPG!LULUCF:! DEFAULT!ESTIMATES!FOR!STANDING!BIOMASS!GRASSLAND!(AS!DRY!MATTER)!AND!ABOVEGROUND!NET! PRIMARY!PRODUCTION,!CLASSIFIED!BY!IPCC!CLIMATE!ZONES.! Peak!above"!ground!live!biomass! Above"ground!net!primary!production!(ANPP)! IPCC!Climate!Zone! Tonnes!d.m.!ha"1! Tonnes!d.m.!ha"1! ! Average! No.!of! Error#! Average! No.!of!studies! Error1! studies! Boreal"Dry!&!Wet2! 1.7! 3! ±75%! 1.8! 5! ±75%! Cold!Temperate"Dry! 1.7! 10! ±75%! 2.2! 18! ±75%! Cold!Temperate"Wet! 2.4! 6! ±75%! 5.6! 17! ±75%! Warm!Temperate"Dry! 1.6! 8! ±75%! 2.4! 21! ±75%! Warm!Temperate"Wet! 2.7! 5! ±75%! 5.8! 13! ±75%! Tropical"Dry! 2.3! 3! ±75%! 3.8! 13! ±75%! Tropical"Moist!&!Wet! 6.2! 4! ±75%! 8.2! 10! ±75%! Data!for!standing!live!biomass!are!compiled!from!multi"year!averages!reported!at!grassland!sites!registered!in!the! ORNL!DAAC!NPP!database![http://www.daac.ornl.gov/NPP/html_docs/npp_site.html].!Estimates!for!above" ground!primary!production!are!from:!Olson,!R.!J.J.M.O.!Scurlock,!S.D.!Prince,!D.L.!Zheng,!and!K.R.!Johnson!(eds.).! 2001.!NPP!Multi"Biome:!NPP!and!Driver!Data!for!Ecosystem!Model"Data!Intercomparison.!Sources!available!on" line!at![http://www.daac.ornl.gov/NPP/html_docs/EMDI_des.html].! 1Represents!a!nominal!estimate!of!error,!equivalent!to!two!times!standard!deviation,!as!a!percentage!of!the! mean.! 2Due!to!limited!data,!dry!and!moist!zones!for!the!boreal!temperate!regime!and!moist!and!wet!zones!for!the! tropical!temperature!regime!were!combined.! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASsA!–!135! ! !"#$%&'()(*(+,-!*#$().*%! LK"ASsA!Estimating!activity!shifting!leakage!due!to!small! holder!cropland!production! I.!SCOPE,!APPLICABILITY!AND!PARAMETERS! Scope! This!module!allows!for!estimating!GHG!emissions!caused!by!‘activity!shifting’!or!‘activity!displacement’! of!cropland!production!at!the!‘household!level’!and!at!the!‘community!level.’! This!module!is!based!on!the!approved!CDM!methodologies:! (Note!to!reviewer:!For!ease!of!review!all!text!directly!taken!from!another!methodology!is!colored!as! stated.!Once!review!has!been!completed!and!the!methodology!approved!the!color!coding!will!be! removed)! ! CDM AR-AM0004: “Reforestation or afforestation of land currently under agricultural use - V 3” (Text in orange) Applicability! The! module! is! applicable! for! estimating! the! leakage! emissions! due! to! activity! shifting! or! activity! displacement!of!croplands!at!(a)!the!household!level!and!(b)!the!community!level.! Parameters! This!module!provides!procedures!to!determine!the!following!parameter:! Parameter! SI!Unit! Description LKdisp"crop,t! t"CO2"e! Net! CO2! emissions! due! to! activity! shifting! or! activity! displacement! from!cropland!! ULK"disp"crop,t! %! Uncertainty!in!leakage!due!to!displacement!of!cropland!in!stratum!i,!at! time!t;!%! II.!PROCEDURE! Activity! shifting! or! activity! displacement! should! be! analyzed! at! the! start! of! the! project! ( and! monitored!over!time!( !through!sampling!of!households!and!communities!displaced!from!land!by!the! project.!!However,!leakage!due!to!conversion!of!land!is!not!attributable!to!the!AR!CDM!project!activity!if! the!conversion!of!land!occurs!5!or!more!years!after!the!displacement!of!the!activity!to!areas!outside!the! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASsA!–!136! ! project!boundary.!!The!type!and!schedule!of!measures!to!be!taken!to!prevent!the!conversion!of!land! outside!the!project!boundary!should!therefore!be!described!in!the!AR"CDM"PDD!and!its!implementation! monitored.!!! ! Alternative!methodologies!are!presented!for!analyses!at!the!household!or!at!the!community!level!(the! household!analysis!is!only!appropriate!where!continued!ownership!or!occupation!of!land!parcels!can!be! shown).! For! the! household! level! analysis,! over! the! five"year! period,! 10! %! of! the! randomly! selected! displaced!households!(or!a!minimum!of!randomly!selected!30!households)!will!be!tracked!with!respect! to! their! land! use.! For! the! community! level! analysis,! the! land! use! of! randomly! selected! 10! %! of! the! communities!(or!a!minimum!of!10!communities)!displaced!or!partially!displaced!by!project!activities!will! be! tracked,! with! 10%! of! randomly! selected! households! (or! a! minimum! of! 10! randomly! selected! households)!in!each!community!sampled!to!determine!the!area!of!unidentifiable!conversion!in!the!five! years! after! the! start! of! displacement! from! project! area.! The! community! level! analysis! allows! for! communities!of!differing!sizes.! ! LKdisp"crop!=!CSAD!–!CSb!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! !!!!(01)! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!! where:! LKdisp"crop!! =! Leakage!resulting!from!the!conversion!for!cropland! "1 CSAD! =!! Locally!derived!carbon!stock!(including!all!five!eligible!carbon!pools);!t!CO2"e!ha )!of! "1 area!of!land!on!which!activities!shifted;!t!CO2"e!ha ! "1 CSb!! =!! Carbon!stock!of!baseline;!t!CO2"e.!ha ! ! Case!1:!CSAD! LKdisp"crop!=!0,!if!CSAD! Case!2:!CSAD!>!CSb! However,!if!activities!are!displaced!to!land!with!higher!stocks,!then!a!leakage!debit!should!be!taken!by! the!project.!Carbon!stock!decreases!through!biomass!losses!will!be!calculated!by!multiplying!the!area!of! land!conversion!by!the!carbon!stock.!Land!holdings!are!broken!down!into!two!types:! ! ! Land! holdings! with! areas! of! geographically! identifiable! land! conversion! outside! the! project! boundary.! The! area! of! identifiable! land! converted! by! a! sampled! displaced! household! or! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASsA!–!137! ! community!is!multiplied!by!the!mean!carbon!stock!of!the!land!strata!type!prior!to!conversion.!If! the!previous!land!strata!type!is!unknown,!the!strata!with!the!highest!carbon!stock!will!be!used;! ! Land! holdings! with! areas! of! geographically! unidentifiable! land! conversion! outside! the! project! boundary.! This! may! be! due! to! migration! of! households! to! unknown! locations! or! any! other! circumstance!that!causes!the!location!of!the!households’!converted!land!to!be!unknown.!Where! the!land!households!convert!is!unidentifiable,!leakage!GHG!emissions!is!conservatively!assumed! equal!to!the!area!of!land!from!which!the!household!was!displaced!multiplied!by!a!conservative! value!for!regional!forest!biomass!stock.! Step!0:!Household!or!community!level! Determine! if! leakage! analysis! will! take! place! at! the! household! or! community! level.!!Household! level! analysis!should!only!take!place!in!project!areas!where!households!have!clear!land!ownership!or!tenure.! (a)!Household!level! ! :!Before!the!start!of!project!activities! :!Time!in!years!(n=1,2,3…)!after!activity!displacement!! ! Step!H.1:!Select!households!to!be!sampled! Identify! all! households! that! currently! own! cropland! within! the! project! boundary! where! the! project! activity!will!take!place!(TNHH).!Randomly!select!10%!of!households,!or!a!minimum!of!30!households!to! be!sampled!(SHH).!Selection!of!households!cannot!be!biased.! Calculate!the!sampling!factor:! TNHH SF # !(03)! SHH !!!!!!!!!!! !!!! where:! SF!! =! Sampling!factor!of!household;!dimensionless! TNHH!! =! Total!number!of!households!using!project!lands!in!baseline;!dimensionless! SHH! =! Sampled!households,!number!of!households!sampled!for!LKdisp"crop;!dimensionless! ! Step!H.2:!Determine!the!baseline!area!of!cropland!per!sampled!household! At!the!start!of!the!project,!interview!all!sampled!households.!Determine!the!total!area!of!cropland!under! control!of!each!household,!both!outside!and!inside!the!project!boundary.! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASsA!–!138! ! In!this!module,!‘cropland’!is!defined!as!all!lands!where!crop!production!is!occurring!or!has!occurred!in! the!past!and!is!planned!to!occur!in!the!future.!It!does!include!areas!currently!under!fallow!but!that!will! be! cropped! by! household! in! the! future.! It! does! not! include! areas! that! have! been! abandoned! by! the! household!and!will!not!be!put!into!crop!or!grazing!production!in!the!future.!! HH TAC t 0 # $TAC th 0, !!!!! !!!!!(04)! h#1 where:! TACt0! Total!area!of!cropland!under!control!of!sampled!households,!at!time!t=0;!!ha! TACh,t0! Total!area!of!cropland!under!control!of!household!h,!at!time!t=0;!!ha! t0!!0!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!the!project!activity! h!!! 1,2,3…HH!!sampled!households!!! Step!H.3:!Determine!the!baseline!area!of!cropland!per!sampled!household!within!project!boundaries! At! the! start! of! project! activities,! measure! area! of! cropland! within! project! boundaries! each! sampled! household!will!be!displaced!from!due!to!project!activities!(APh);! HH APt0 # $ AP th 0, !!!!! !!!!!(05)! h#1 where:! APt0! Total! area! within! the! project! boundary! where! project! activities! will! displace! cropland!production,!at!time!t=0;!!ha! APh,t0! Area!within!the!project!boundary!where!project!activities!will!displace!cropland! production,!houshold!h,!at!time!t=0;!!ha! t0!!0!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!the!project!activity! h! 1,2,3…HH!!sampled!household!!!!!! Step!H.4:!Monitor!actual!areas!of!cropland!per!sampled!household!! For!ex!ante!estimation,!at!the!start!of!the!project!interview!households!to!estimate!the!area!of!land!that! the!household!plans!to!convert!as!a!result!of!displacement!due!to!project!activities.! Return! at! least! one! year! after! activity! displacement! has! taken! place! and! five! years! after! activity! displacement!has!occurred.!More!frequent!monitoring!is!allowed,!but!not!required.! Classify! sampled! households! as! either! being! ‘identifiable’! or! ‘unidentifiable’.! Households! which! have! moved! from! the! area! or! which! cannot! be! found! should! be! placed! in! the! unidentifiable! households! category! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASsA!–!139! ! Interview! ‘identifiable’! sampled! households.! Delineate! the! area! of! cropland! under! the! control! of! household!that!was!not!under!the!control!of!household!at!time=0!(IACh,i,t).!Using!local!knowledge!or!land! cover!maps,!determine!the!land!cover!type!of!‘idenfiable’!new!cropland!prior!to!land!use!conversion.! ! IACh,i,t!! =!!Identifiable!areas!converted!by!household!h!in!stratum!i,!at!time!t;!hectares! ! Step!H.5:!Estimate!changes!in!carbon!stocks!resulting!from!cropland!activity!displacement!in!each! stratum! LK ,i pre ,m post ,l ((#" CCCC wp ,m !!!!!!!! ! (06)! U # 2 2 '' UUU 2 (07)! C (LK ,i pre ,m post ,l wp ,m !!!!!!!! where:! #CLK,i! Net!carbon!stock!changes!in!all!pools!resulting!from!land!use!conversion!in!stratum!i;!t! "1 CO2"e!ha !! "1 Cpre,m! Carbon!stock!in!all!pools!in!pre"activity!shifting!stratum!m;!t!CO2"e!ha !! "1 Cpost,m! Carbon!stock!in!all!pools!in!the!actual!post"activity!shifting!stratum!l;!t!CO2"e!ha !! CWP,m! Carbon!stock!sequestered!in!wood!products!in!pre"activity!shifting!stratum!m;!t!CO2"e! ha"1! UC"LK,i! Percent!uncertainty!in!net!carbon!stock!in!all!pools!resulting!from!land!use!conversion!in! stratum!i;!%! Upre,m! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!all!pools!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m;! %! Upost,m! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!all!pools!in!the!post"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m;! %! Uwp,m! Percent!uncertainty!in!wood!products!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m;!%! m! 1,!2,!3!…MB!pre"activity!shifting!strata! l! 1,!2,!3!…MP!strata!in!actual!post"activity!shifting!stratum! If!the!carbon!stocks!of!the!pre"activity!shifting!stratum!m!are!lower!than!the!average!carbon!stocks!of! the!project!lands!prior!to!project!activities,!then!the!net!carbon!stock!changes!from!leakage!in!stratum! m!can!be!assumed!to!be!zero:! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASsA!–!140! ! EBiomassLoss If:!! C pre,m 1 then!!#CLK,m!=!0!!!!!!! (08)! APr oject where:! ! #CLK,m! Net!carbon!stock!changes!in!all!pools!resulting!from!land!use!conversion!in!stratum!i;!t! "1! CO2"e!ha "1 Cpre,m! Carbon!stock!in!all!pools!in!pre"activity!shifting!stratum!m;!t!CO2"e!ha !! EBiomassLoss!! Increase!in!CO2!emissions!from!loss!of!biomass!in!existing!vegetation!as!a!result!of!site! 18 preparation;!t!CO2 ! Aproject!! Total!area!of!the!project! ! Step!H.5.1!Pre"activity!shifting!carbon!stocks! pre ,m AB ,m BB ,m DW ,m LI ,m ''''# CCCCCC SOC ,m !!!!!! (09)! 2 2 2 2 2 %&%&%&%&%AG,m * AG,m ' BG,m * BG,m ' DW ,m * DW ,m ' LI m * LI ,, m ' SOC,m *CUCUCUCUCU SOC,m & U pre,m # (10)! %&AB,m BG,m DW ,m LI ,m '''' CCCCC SOC,m ! where:! "1 Cpre,m! Carbon!stock!in!all!pools!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m;!t!CO2"e!ha !! CAB,m! Carbon!stock!in!aboveground!biomass!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m;!t!CO2"e! ha"1!! CBB,m! Carbon!stock!in!belowground!biomass!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m;!t!CO2"e! ha"1!! "1 CDW,m! Carbon!stock!in!dead!wood!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m;!t!CO2"e!ha ! "1 CLI,m! Carbon!stock!in!litter!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m;!t!CO2"e!ha ! "1! CSOCm! Carbon!stock!in!soil!organic!carbon!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m;!t!CO2"e!ha Upre,m! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!all!pools!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m;! %! UAB,m! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!aboveground!biomass!in!the!pre"activity!shifting! in!stratum!m;!%!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 18 To calculate see the latest version of the CDM Tool “Estimation of emissions from clearing, burning, and decay of existing vegetation due to implementation of a A/R project activity” !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASsA!–!141! ! UBB,m! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!belowground!biomass!in!the!pre"activity!shifting! in!stratum!m;!%!! UDW,m! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!dead!wood!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum! m;!%! ULI,m! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!litter!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m;!%! USOCm! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!soil!organic!carbon!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in! stratum!m;!%! It!is!conservative!to!assume!all!Cpre,m!!is!equal!to!average!published!estimates!of!the!total!carbon!stock!of! a! mature! forest! in! the! region! of! project! (GPG! for! LULUCG! default! data,! literature,! or! original! field! measurements).! Carbon!stock!data!for!each!stratum!must!be!conservatively!estimated!using!either:!original!field!data!or! the!maximum!carbon!stock!for!a!particular!stratum!i!found!in!published!studies!from!the!region.! If! some! households! are! determined! to! be! ‘unidentifiable’,! determine! the! mean! conservative! forest! biomass!stock!()!by!estimating!the!carbon!stock!of!a!mature!forest!in!the!region!must!be!estimated.!! Step!H.5.2!Post"Deforestation!Carbon!Stocks! Post"deforestation! carbon! stocks! should! be! the! long"term! average! stocks! on! the! land! following! deforestation.! Where! stocks! accumulate! through! time! the! ultimate! stock! should! be! used! and! where! stocks!are!in!a!cycle!such!as!in!shifting!cultivation!the!mean!stock!across!the!cycle!should!be!used.! post ,l AB ,l BB ,l DW ,l LI ,l ''''# CCCCCC SOC ,l !!!!!!! (11)! %&%&%&%&%* 2 ' * 2 ' * 2 ' * 2 ' *CUCUCUCUCU &2 U # AG l AG,, l BG ti BG,,, l DW,l DW ,l LI ti LI ,,, l SOC ,, ti SOC,l (12)! post,l %&'''' CCCCC AB,l BG,l DW l LI ,, l SOC,l ! It!is!conservative!to!assume!Cpost,l!=!0! where:! Cpost,l! Carbon! stock! in! all! pools! in! the! post"land! use! conversion! post"land! use! conversion! in! "1 stratum!l;!t!CO2"e!ha !! CAB,l! Carbon! stock! in! aboveground! biomass! in! the! post"land! use! conversion! in! stratum! l;! t! "1 CO2"e!ha ! CBB,l! Carbon! stock! in! belowground! biomass! in! the! post"land! use! conversion! in! stratum! l;! t! "1 CO2"e!ha ! "1 CDW,l! Carbon!stock!in!dead!wood!in!the!post"land!use!conversion!in!stratum!l;!t!CO2"e!ha ! "1 CLI,l! Carbon!stock!in!litter!in!the!post"land!use!conversion!in!stratum!l;!t!CO2"e!ha ! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASsA!–!142! ! CSOC,l! Carbon!stock!in!soil!organic!carbon!in!the!post"land!use!conversion!in!stratum!l;!t!CO2"e! ha"1! Upost,l! Percent! uncertainty! in! carbon! stock! in! all! pools! in! the! post"land! use! conversion! post" land!use!conversion!in!stratum!l;!%! UAB_tree,l! Percent!uncertainty!in! carbon!stock!in! aboveground!biomass!in!trees!in!the!post"land! use!conversion!in!stratum!l;!%! UBB_tree,l! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!belowground!biomass!in!trees!in!the!post"land! use!conversion!in!stratum!l;!%! UDW,l! Percent! uncertainty! in! carbon! stock! in! dead! wood! in! the! post"land! use! conversion! in! stratum!l;!%! ULI,l! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!litter!in!the!post"land!use!conversion!in!stratum!l;! %! USOC,l! Percent! uncertainty! in! carbon! stock! in! soil! organic! carbon! in! the! post"land! use! conversion!in!stratum!l;!%! Carbon!pools!excluded!from!the!project!can!be!accounted!as!zero.!!It!is!conservative!to!assume!any!and! all! post! deforestation! carbon! stocks! are! equal! to! zero.! Carbon! stock! data! for! each! stratum! must! be! conservatively!estimated!using!either:!original!field!data!or!the!minimum!carbon!stock!for!a!particular! stratum!l!found!in!published!studies!from!the!region.! Step!H.5.3!Carbon!wood!products!in!pre"activity!shifting!stratum! For!calculation!of!carbon!stock!sequestered!in!wood!products,!see!module!“AR!Module:!Estimation!of! carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in!the!wood!products!pool”.! This!methodology!assumes!all!stocks!are!emitted!in!the!year!of!land!use!conversion.!This!assumption! applies!regardless!of!whether!burning!is!employed.! It!is!conservative!to!assume!Cwp,i!=!0! Step!H.6:!Classify!identifiable!converted!land!into!‘pre"conversion’!stratum!! Classify! each! area! of! identifiable! converted! land! into! a! pre"conversion! land! cover! stratum! and! post" conversion!land!cover!stratum;! IACh,i!! =! Identifiable!areas!converted!by!household!h!in!stratum!i;!hectares! "1 Cpre,m! =! Carbon!stock!in!all!pools!in!pre"activity!shifting!stratum!m;!t!CO2"e!ha !! "1 Cpost,m! =! Carbon!stock!in!all!pools!in!the!actual!post"activity!shifting!stratum!l;!t!CO2"e!ha !! Step!H.7:!Calculate!the!leakage! Calculate!the!leakage!using!the!following!equations:! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASsA!–!143! ! HH / I , HH / I , LKdisp(crop,t # $$- IAChi "2 CLK,i * SF '2 $$- AP th 0, ( IAC ,, tih * C 22 SF h(#11. i + h##11. i + !!! !(13)! ! 2 2 2 / HH , / HH , / HH , -U C(LK i1, 2 $ IAC ih 1, , * -Ut C(LK i2, 2' $ IAC ,2, tih * ' .... -U C(LK ,iI 2 $ IACh iI ,, t * . h#1 + . h#1 + . h#1 + (14)! U LK disp(( crop,t # HH HH HH IAC ,1, tih ' IAC ,2, tih ' .... $$$ IACh iI ,, t h#1 h#1 h#1 where:! ! LKdisp"crop,t! =!!Leakage!due!to!conversion!of!land!to!cropland!attributable!to!displacement!(activity! !!shifting)!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e! IACh,i,t!! =!!Identifiable!areas!converted!by!household!h!in!stratum!i,at!time!t;!hectares! APh,t0! =! Area! within! the! project! boundary! where! project! activities! will! displace! cropland! production,!household!h,!at!time!t=0;!!ha! h!! =!!1,2,3….HH!households;!dimensionless! i!! =!!1,2,3….I!strata;!dimensionless! #CLK,i! =!Net!carbon!stock!changes!in!all!pools!resulting!from!land!use!conversion!in!stratum!i;!t! "1 CO2"e!ha ! ! ! =! Locally!derived!average!carbon!stock!of!unidentified!lands!(including!all!the!five! "1 !!eligible!carbon!pools);!t!CO2"e.!ha ! SF!! =! Sampling!factor!of!household;!dimensionless! ULK"disp"crop,t! =! Uncertainty!in!leakage!due!to!displacement!of!cropland!in!stratum!i,!at!time!t;!%! UC"LK,i,t! =! Percent!uncertainty!in!net!carbon!stock!in!all!pools!resulting!from!land!use!conversion! in!stratum!i,!at!time!t;!%! (b)!Community!level!! For!the!community!based!estimate,!one!calculates!the!leakage!per!community!and!then!sums!over!the! communities!based!on!area.! Step!C.1:!Determine!area!where!baseline!activities!displaced! Calculate!the!total!area!of!land!inside!the!project!boundaries!on!which!cropland!is!the!baseline!scenario! and!such!cropland!activities!will!be!displaced!as!a!result!of!project!activities.!! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASsA!–!144! ! APcrop,t!! =! Total! area! of! land! on! which! cropland! activities! will! be! displaced! due! to! the! project! activites,!at!time!t;!ha! Step!C.2:!Select!communities!and!households!to!be!sampled!! At! the! start! of! the! project! (t=0),! identify! all! communities! occupying! land! inside! the! project! boundary! where! the! project! activity! will! take! place.! Randomly! select! 10%! of! communities! or! a! minimum! of! 10! communities!to!be!sampled.!Selection!of!communities!cannot!be!biased.! In! selected! communities,! identify! all! households! and! calculate! the! number! of! households! (TNHHc).! Randomly!select!10%!of!households,!or!a!minimum!of!30!households!to!be!sampled!(SHHc).!Selection!of! land!owners!cannot!be!biased.! TNHH c SFc # ! SHH c !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!!(15) where:! TNHHc!! =!! Total!number!of!households!using!project!lands!in!baseline!in!community!c;! !!Dimensionless! SHHc!! =!! Sampled!households!in!community!c,!number!of!households!sampled!for!leakage!by! !!activity!shifting;!dimensionless! SFc! =!! Sampling!factor!for!community!c;!dimensionless! c! =!! 1,2,3…C,!communities;!dimensionless! Step!C.3:!Determine!the!baseline!area!of!cropland!per!sampled!household!of!sampled!communities! At!the!start!of!the!project,!interview!all!sampled!households.!Determine!the!total!area!of!cropland!under! control! of! each! sampled! household! in! each! sampled! community,! both! outside! and! inside! the! project! boundary.! In!this!module,!‘cropland’!is!defined!as!all!lands!where!crop!production!is!occurring!or!has!occurred!in! the!past!and!is!planned!to!occur!in!the!future.!It!does!include!areas!currently!under!fallow!but!that!will! be! cropped! by! household! in! the! future.! It! does! not! include! areas! that! have! been! abandoned! by! the! household!and!will!not!be!put!into!crop!or!grazing!production!in!the!future.!! CHH TAC tc 0, # $TAC c ch t 0,, !!!!! !!!!(16)! ch#1 where:! TACc,t0! Total!area!of!cropland!under!control!of!sampled!households!in!community!c,!at! time!t=0;!!ha! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASsA!–!145! ! TACc,ch,t0! Total!area!of!cropland!under!control!of!household!ch,!in!community!c,!at!time! t=0;!!ha! t0!!0!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!the!project!activity! ch!!! 1,2,3…CHH!!sampled!households!in!sampled!communities!!! Step!C.4:!Determine!the!baseline!area!of!cropland!per!sampled!household!within!project!boundaries!of! sampled!communities! At! the! start! of! project! activities,! measure! area! of! cropland! within! project! boundaries! each! sampled! household!will!be!displaced!from!due!to!project!activities!(APch);! CHH AP tc 0, # $ APch t0, !!!!! !!!!!(17)! ch#1 where:! APc,t0! Total! area! within! the! project! boundary! where! project! activities! will! displace! cropland!production,!in!community!c,!at!time!t=0;!!ha! APc,ch,t0! Area!within!the!project!boundary!where!project!activities!will!displace!cropland! production!of!household!ch,!in!community!c,!at!time!t=0;!!ha! t0!!0!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!the!project!activity! ch! 1,2,3…!CHH!!sampled!households!in!sampled!communities!!!! Step!C.5:!Monitor!actual!areas!of!cropland!per!sampled!household!of!sampled!communities! For!ex!ante!estimation,!at!the!start!of!the!project!interview!households!to!estimate!the!area!of!land!that! the!household!plans!to!convert!as!a!result!of!displacement!due!to!project!activities.! Return! at! least! one! year! after! activity! displacement! has! taken! place! and! five! years! after! activity! displacement!has!occurred.!More!frequent!monitoring!is!allowed,!but!not!required.! Classify! sampled! households! as! either! being! ‘identifiable’! or! ‘unidentifiable’.! Households! which! have! moved! from! the! area! or! which! cannot! be! found! should! be! placed! in! the! unidentifiable! households! category.! Interview! ‘identifiable’! sampled! households.! Delineate! the! area! of! cropland! under! the! control! of! household!that!was!not!under!the!control!of!household!at!time=0!(IACh,i,t).!Using!local!knowledge!or!land! cover!maps,!determine!the!land!cover!type!of!‘idenfiable’!new!cropland!prior!to!land!use!conversion.! IACc,ch,i,t!! =!!Identifiable!areas!converted!by!household!ch,!in!community!c,!in!stratum!i!,!at!time!t;! hectares! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASsA!–!146! ! Step!C.6:!Estimate!changes!in!carbon!stocks!resulting!from!cropland!activity!displacement!in!each! stratum! LK ,i pre ,m post ,l ((#" CCCC wp ,m !!!!!!!! ! (18)! U # 2 2 '' UUU 2 (19)! C (LK ,i pre ,m post ,l wp ,m !!!!!!!! where:! #CLK,i! Net!carbon!stock!changes!in!all!pools!resulting!from!land!use!conversion!in!stratum!i;!t! "1 CO2"e!ha !! "1 Cpre,m! Carbon!stock!in!all!pools!in!pre"activity!shifting!stratum!m;!t!CO2"e!ha !! "1 Cpost,m! Carbon!stock!in!all!pools!in!the!actual!post"activity!shifting!stratum!l;!t!CO2"e!ha !! CWP,m! Carbon!stock!sequestered!in!wood!products!in!pre"activity!shifting!stratum!m;!t!CO2"e! ha"1! UC"LK,i! Percent!uncertainty!in!net!carbon!stock!in!all!pools!resulting!from!land!use!conversion!in! stratum!i;!%! Upre,m! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!all!pools!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m;! %! Upost,m! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!all!pools!in!the!post"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m;! %! Uwp,m! Percent!uncertainty!in!wood!products!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m;!%! m! 1,!2,!3!…MB!pre"activity!shifting!strata! l! 1,!2,!3!…MP!strata!in!actual!post"activity!shifting!stratum! If!the!carbon!stocks!of!the!pre"activity!shifting!stratum!m!are!lower!than!the!average!carbon!stocks!of! the!project!lands!prior!to!project!activities,!then!the!net!carbon!stock!changes!from!leakage!in!stratum! m!can!be!assumed!to!be!zero:! EBiomassLoss If:!! C pre,m 1 then!!#CLK,m!=!0!!!!!!! (20)! APr oject where:! ! #CLK,m! Net!carbon!stock!changes!in!all!pools!resulting!from!land!use!conversion!in!stratum!i;!t! "1! CO2"e!ha "1 Cpre,m! Carbon!stock!in!all!pools!in!pre"activity!shifting!stratum!m;!t!CO2"e!ha !! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASsA!–!147! ! EBiomassLoss!! Increase!in!CO2!emissions!from!loss!of!biomass!in!existing!vegetation!as!a!result!of!site! 19 preparation;!t!CO2 ! Aproject!! Total!area!of!the!project! ! Step!C.6.1!Pre"activity!shifting!carbon!stocks! pre ,m AB ,m BB ,m DW ,m LI ,m ''''# CCCCCC SOC ,m !!!!!! (21)! 2 2 2 2 2 %&%&%&%&%AG,m * AG,m ' BG,m * BG,m ' DW ,m * DW ,m ' LI m * LI ,, m ' SOC,m *CUCUCUCUCU SOC,m & U pre,m # (22)! %&AB,m BG,m DW ,m LI ,m '''' CCCCC SOC,m where:! "1 Cpre,m! Carbon!stock!in!all!pools!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m;!t!CO2"e!ha !! CAB,m! Carbon!stock!in!aboveground!biomass!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m;!t!CO2"e! ha"1!! CBB,m! Carbon!stock!in!belowground!biomass!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m;!t!CO2"e! ha"1!! "1 CDW,m! Carbon!stock!in!dead!wood!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m;!t!CO2"e!ha ! "1 CLI,m! Carbon!stock!in!litter!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m;!t!CO2"e!ha ! "1! CSOCm! Carbon!stock!in!soil!organic!carbon!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m;!t!CO2"e!ha Upre,m! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!all!pools!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m;! %! UAB,m! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!aboveground!biomass!in!the!pre"activity!shifting! in!stratum!m;!%!! UBB,m! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!belowground!biomass!in!the!pre"activity!shifting! in!stratum!m;!%!! UDW,m! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!dead!wood!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum! m;!%! ULI,m! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!litter!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m;!%! USOCm! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!soil!organic!carbon!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in! stratum!m;!%! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 19 To calculate see the latest version of the CDM Tool “Estimation of emissions from clearing, burning, and decay of existing vegetation due to implementation of a A/R project activity” !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASsA!–!148! ! It!is!conservative!to!assume!all!Cpre,m!!is!equal!to!average!published!estimates!of!the!total!carbon!stock!of! a! mature! forest! in! the! region! of! project! (GPG! for! LULUCG! default! data,! literature,! or! original! field! measurements).! Carbon!stock!data!for!each!stratum!must!be!conservatively!estimated!using!either:!original!field!data!or! the!maximum!carbon!stock!for!a!particular!stratum!i!found!in!published!studies!from!the!region.! If! some! households! are! determined! to! be! ‘unidentifiable’,! determine! the! mean! conservative! forest! biomass!stock!()!by!estimating!the!carbon!stock!of!a!mature!forest!in!the!region!must!be!estimated.!! Step!C.6.2!Post"Deforestation!Carbon!Stocks! Post"deforestation! carbon! stocks! should! be! the! long"term! average! stocks! on! the! land! following! deforestation.! Where! stocks! accumulate! through! time! the! ultimate! stock! should! be! used! and! where! stocks!are!in!a!cycle!such!as!in!shifting!cultivation!the!mean!stock!across!the!cycle!should!be!used.! post ,l AB ,l BB ,l DW ,l LI ,l ''''# CCCCCC SOC ,l !!!!!!! (23)! %&%&%&%&%* 2 ' * 2 ' * 2 ' * 2 ' *CUCUCUCUCU &2 U # AG l AG,, l BG ti BG,,, l DW,l DW ,l LI ti LI ,,, l SOC ,, ti SOC,l (24)! post,l %&'''' CCCCC AB,l BG,l DW l LI ,, l SOC,l ! It!is!conservative!to!assume!Cpost,l!=!0! where:! Cpost,l! Carbon! stock! in! all! pools! in! the! post"land! use! conversion! post"land! use! conversion! in! "1 stratum!l;!t!CO2"e!ha !! CAB,l! Carbon! stock! in! aboveground! biomass! in! the! post"land! use! conversion! in! stratum! l;! t! "1 CO2"e!ha ! CBB,l! Carbon! stock! in! belowground! biomass! in! the! post"land! use! conversion! in! stratum! l;! t! "1 CO2"e!ha ! "1 CDW,l! Carbon!stock!in!dead!wood!in!the!post"land!use!conversion!in!stratum!l;!t!CO2"e!ha ! "1 CLI,l! Carbon!stock!in!litter!in!the!post"land!use!conversion!in!stratum!l;!t!CO2"e!ha ! CSOC,l! Carbon!stock!in!soil!organic!carbon!in!the!post"land!use!conversion!in!stratum!l;!t!CO2"e! ha"1! Upost,l! Percent! uncertainty! in! carbon! stock! in! all! pools! in! the! post"land! use! conversion! post" land!use!conversion!in!stratum!l;!%! UAB_tree,l! Percent!uncertainty!in! carbon!stock!in! aboveground!biomass!in!trees!in!the!post"land! use!conversion!in!stratum!l;!%! UBB_tree,l! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!belowground!biomass!in!trees!in!the!post"land! use!conversion!in!stratum!l;!%! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASsA!–!149! ! UDW,l! Percent! uncertainty! in! carbon! stock! in! dead! wood! in! the! post"land! use! conversion! in! stratum!l;!%! ULI,l! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!litter!in!the!post"land!use!conversion!in!stratum!l;! %! USOC,l! Percent! uncertainty! in! carbon! stock! in! soil! organic! carbon! in! the! post"land! use! conversion!in!stratum!l;!%! Carbon!pools!excluded!from!the!project!can!be!accounted!as!zero.!!It!is!conservative!to!assume!any!and! all! post! deforestation! carbon! stocks! are! equal! to! zero.! Carbon! stock! data! for! each! stratum! must! be! conservatively!estimated!using!either:!original!field!data!or!the!minimum!carbon!stock!for!a!particular! stratum!l!found!in!published!studies!from!the!region.! Step!C.6.3!Carbon!wood!products!in!pre"activity!shifting!stratum! For!calculation!of!carbon!stock!sequestered!in!wood!products,!see!module!“AR!Module:!Estimation!of! carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in!the!wood!products!pool”.! This!methodology!assumes!all!stocks!are!emitted!in!the!year!of!land!use!conversion.!This!assumption! applies!regardless!of!whether!burning!is!employed.! It!is!conservative!to!assume!Cwp,i!=!0! Step!C.7:!Classify!identifiable!converted!land!into!‘pre"conversion’!stratum!! Classify! each! area! of! identifiable! converted! land! into! a! pre"conversion! land! cover! stratum! and! post" conversion!land!cover!stratum;! ! IACh,i!! =! Identifiable!areas!converted!by!household!h!in!stratum!i;!hectares! "1 Cpre,m! =! Carbon!stock!in!all!pools!in!pre"activity!shifting!stratum!m;!t!CO2"e!ha !! "1 Cpost,m! =! Carbon!stock!in!all!pools!in!the!actual!post"activity!shifting!stratum!l;!t!CO2"e!ha !! Step!C.8:!Calculate!leakage!! Calculate!the!leakage!using!the!following!equations:! CHH/ I , CHH/ I , LKdisp(crop ,, tc # $$- IACc ch,, i "2 CLK,i * SFc '2 $$- APc ch t0,, ( IACch ,, ti * C 22 SFc ! h(#11. i + h##11. i + !! !(25) !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASsA!–!150! ! C $LKdisp(crop ,, tc c#1 LKdisp(crop,t APcrop,t 2# C ! !!!!!!!! (26) $ AP ,tc c#1 ! 2 2 2 / CHH , / CHH , / CHH , -U C(LK i1, 2 $ IACch i1, , * -Ut C(LK i2, 2' $ IACch ,2, ti * ' .... -U C(LK,iI 2 $ IACch iI ,, t * . ch#1 + . ch#1 + . ch#1 + (27)! U LK disp(( crop,t # CHH CHH CHH IACch ,1, ti ' $$ IACch ,2, ti ' .... $ IACch iI ,, t ch#1 ch#1 ch#1 where:! LKdisp"crop,c,t! =!!Leakage!due!to!conversion!of!land!to!cropland!attributable!to!displacement!(activity! !!shifting)!in!community!c,!at!time!t;!t!CO2"e! IACc,ch,i,t!! =!!Identifiable!areas!converted!by!household!h,!in!community!c,!!in!stratum!i,at!time!t;! hectares! APc,ch,t0! =! Area! within! the! project! boundary! where! project! activities! will! displace! cropland! production,!household!h,!at!time!t=0;!!ha! h!! =!!1,2,3….CHH!households;!dimensionless! i!! =!!1,2,3….I!strata;!dimensionless! #CLK,i! =!Net!carbon!stock!changes!in!all!pools!resulting!from!land!use!conversion!in!stratum!i;!t! "1 CO2"e!ha ! ! ! =! Locally!derived!average!carbon!stock!of!unidentified!lands!(including!all!the!five! "1 !!eligible!carbon!pools);!t!CO2"e.!ha ! SFc!! =! Sampling!factor!of!households!in!community!c,;!dimensionless! ! LKdisp"crop,t! =!! Leakage!due!to!conversion!of!land!to!cropland!attributable!to!displacement!(activity! !!shifting);!t!CO2"e! APcrop,t!! =! Total! area! of! land! on! which! cropland! activities! will! be! displaced! due! to! the! project! activites,!at!time!t;!ha! APc,t!! =! Total!area!within!the!project!boundary!where!project!activities!will!displace!cropland! production,!in!community!c,!at!time!t;!ha! ! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASsA!–!151! ! ULK"disp"crop,t! =! Uncertainty!in!leakage!due!to!displacement!of!cropland,!at!time!t;!%! UC"LK,i,t! =! Percent!uncertainty!in!net!carbon!stock!in!all!pools!resulting!from!land!use!conversion! in!stratum!i,!at!time!t;!%! III.!Data!and!Parameters!Not!Monitored!(Default!or!Measured!One!Time)! Data!/!parameter:! APh,t0! Data!unit:! Hectares! Used!in!equations:! 5! Description:! Area!within!the!project!boundary!where!project!activities!will!displace!cropland! production,!houshold!h,!at!time!t=0! Source!of!data:! Field!measurements! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! SHH! Data!unit:! dimensionless! Used!in!equations:! 3! Description:! Sampled!households,!number!of!households!sampled! Source!of!data:! Based!on!the!number!of!households!sampled!for!the!project!!! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! TNHH! Data!unit:! dimensionless! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASsA!–!152! ! Used!in!equations:! 3! Description:! Total!number!of!households!using!project!lands!in!baseline! Source!of!data:! Based!on!the!identification!how!many!households!there!are!in!the!project!area! through!field!surveys! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! IV.!Data!and!Parameters!Monitored!! ! Data!/!parameter:! c! Data!unit:! Number! Used!in!equations:! 15,16,17,25,26,27! Description:! 1,2,3…C!!communities! Source!of!data:! Local!data.! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! ch! Data!unit:! Number! Used!in!equations:! 16,17,25,27! Description:! 1,2,3…CHH!!sampled!households!in!sampled!communities! Source!of!data:! Local!data.! Measurement! ! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASsA!–!153! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! h! Data!unit:! Number! Used!in!equations:! 4,5,13,14! Description:! 1,2,3…HH!!sampled!households! Source!of!data:! Local!data.! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! i! Data!unit:! ! Used!in!equations:! 6,7,13,14,18,19,25,27! Description:! 1,!2,!3!…i!strata!in!project!area! Source!of!data:! ! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! IACh,i,t! Data!unit:! ha! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASsA!–!154! ! 13! 49,!51,!53! Description:! Identifiable!areas!converted!by!household!h!in!stratum!i,!at!time!t;! Source!of!data:! Based!on!measurements!of!the!identifiable!areas!that!have!been!converted.! ! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! IACc,ch,i,t! Data!unit:! ha! Used!in!equations:! 25! Description:! Identifiable!areas!converted!by!household!h,!in!community!c,!!in!stratum!i,at! time!t! Source!of!data:! Based!on!measurements!of!the!identifiable!areas!that!have!been!converted.! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! l! Data!unit:! ! Used!in!equations:! 8,9,13,14! Description:! 1,!2,!3!…MP!strata!in!actual!post"activity!shifting!stratum! Source!of!data:! ! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASsA!–!155! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! m! Data!unit:! Number! Used!in!equations:! 7,8,9,10,11,12! Description:! 1,!2,!3!…MB!pre"activity!shifting!strata!! Source!of!data:! Local!data! Measurement! Review!Remote!Sensing!data!and/or!survey!information.! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! t! Data!unit:! Year! Used!in!equations:! 4,5,7,13,14,16,17,25,26,27! Description:! 0,1,!2,!3,!…!5!years!elapsed!since!the!start!of!the!project!activity,!but!a!maxim!of! 5!years! Source!of!data:! Local!data.! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! IV.!TERMS!ORIGINATING!IN!OTHER!MODULES!OR!TOOLS! Data!/!parameter:! CAB,l! Data!unit:! t!CO2"e! Used!in!equations:! 11,12! Description:! Carbon!stock!in!aboveground!biomass!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASsA!–!156! ! Source!of!data:! AR!Module:!CP"AG!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in! the!aboveground!biomass!pool!in!project!activities!! Measurement! It!is!conservative!to!assume!that!all!Cpre,l!!is!equal!to!average!published!estimates! procedures!(if!any):! of!the!total!carbon!stock!of!a!mature!forest!in!the!region!of!project.! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! CAB,m! Data!unit:! t!CO2"e! Used!in!equations:! 9,10! Description:! Carbon!stock!in!aboveground!biomass!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m! Source!of!data:! AR!Module:!CP"AG!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in! the!aboveground!biomass!pool!in!project!activities!! Measurement! It!is!conservative!to!assume!that!all!Cpre,m!!is!equal!to!average!published! procedures!(if!any):! estimates!of!the!total!carbon!stock!of!a!mature!forest!in!the!region!of!project.! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! CBB,l! Data!unit:! t!CO2"e! Used!in!equations:! 11,12! Description:! Carbon!stock!in!belowground!biomass!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m!! Source!of!data:! AR!Module:!CP"BG!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in! the!belowground!biomass!pool!in!project!activities! Measurement! It!is!conservative!to!assume!that!all!Cpre,l!!is!equal!to!average!published!estimates! procedures!(if!any):! of!the!total!carbon!stock!of!a!mature!forest!in!the!region!of!project.! Any!comment:! ! ! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASsA!–!157! ! Data!/!parameter:! CBB,m! Data!unit:! t!CO2"e! Used!in!equations:! 9,10! Description:! Carbon!stock!in!belowground!biomass!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m!! Source!of!data:! AR!Module:!CP"BG!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in! the!belowground!biomass!pool!in!project!activities! Measurement! It!is!conservative!to!assume!that!all!Cpre,m!!is!equal!to!average!published! procedures!(if!any):! estimates!of!the!total!carbon!stock!of!a!mature!forest!in!the!region!of!project.! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! CDW,l! Data!unit:! t!CO2"e! Used!in!equations:! 11,12! Description:! Carbon!stock!in!dead!wood!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m!! Source!of!data:! AR!Module:!CP"D!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in! the!deadwood!biomass!pool!in!project!activities! Measurement! It!is!conservative!to!assume!that!all!Cpre,l!!is!equal!to!average!published!estimates! procedures!(if!any):! of!the!total!carbon!stock!of!a!mature!forest!in!the!region!of!project.! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! CDW,m! Data!unit:! t!CO2"e! Used!in!equations:! 9,10! Description:! Carbon!stock!in!dead!wood!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m!! Source!of!data:! AR!Module:!CP"D!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in! the!deadwood!biomass!pool!in!project!activities! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASsA!–!158! ! Measurement! It!is!conservative!to!assume!that!all!Cpre,m!!is!equal!to!average!published! procedures!(if!any):! estimates!of!the!total!carbon!stock!of!a!mature!forest!in!the!region!of!project.! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! C,LI,l! Data!unit:! t!CO2"e! Used!in!equations:! 11,12! Description:! Carbon!stock!in!litter!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m!! Source!of!data:! AR!Module:!CP"L!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in! the!litter!!pool!in!project!activities! Measurement! It!is!conservative!to!assume!that!all!Cpre,l!!is!equal!to!average!published!estimates! procedures!(if!any):! of!the!total!carbon!stock!of!a!mature!forest!in!the!region!of!project.! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! C,LI,m! Data!unit:! t!CO2"e! Used!in!equations:! 9,10! Description:! Carbon!stock!in!litter!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m!! Source!of!data:! AR!Module:!CP"L!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in! the!litter!!pool!in!project!activities! Measurement! It!is!conservative!to!assume!that!all!Cpre,m!!is!equal!to!average!published! procedures!(if!any):! estimates!of!the!total!carbon!stock!of!a!mature!forest!in!the!region!of!project.! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! CSOC,l!! Data!unit:! t!CO2"e! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASsA!–!159! ! Used!in!equations:! 11,12! Description:! Carbon!stock!in!soil!organic!carbon!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m!! Source!of!data:! AR!Module:!CP"S!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in! the!soil!organic!carbon!pool!in!project!activities! Measurement! It!is!conservative!to!assume!that!all!Cpre,l!!is!equal!to!average!published!estimates! procedures!(if!any):! of!the!total!carbon!stock!of!a!mature!forest!in!the!region!of!project.! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! CSOC,m!! Data!unit:! t!CO2"e! Used!in!equations:! 9,10! Description:! Carbon!stock!in!soil!organic!carbon!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in!stratum!m!! Source!of!data:! AR!Module:!CP"S!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in! the!soil!organic!carbon!pool!in!project!activities! Measurement! It!is!conservative!to!assume!that!all!Cpre,m!!is!equal!to!average!published! procedures!(if!any):! estimates!of!the!total!carbon!stock!of!a!mature!forest!in!the!region!of!project.! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! UAB,l! Data!unit:! %! Used!in!equations:! 11,12! Description:! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!aboveground!biomass!in!the!pre"activity! shifting!in!stratum!m! Source!of!data:! AR!Module:!CP"AG!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in! the!aboveground!biomass!pool!in!project!activities! Measurement! It!is!conservative!to!assume!that!all!Cpre,l!!is!equal!to!average!published!estimates! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASsA!–!160! ! procedures!(if!any):! of!the!total!carbon!stock!of!a!mature!forest!in!the!region!of!project.! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! CWP,m!! "1 Data!unit:! t!CO2"e!ha ! Used!in!equations:! 8! Description:! Carbon!stock!sequestered!in!wood!products!in!pre"activity!shifting!stratum!m!! Module!parameter! AR!Module:!CP"WP!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in! originates!in:! the!wood!products!pool!in!project!activities! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! UAB,m! Data!unit:! %! Used!in!equations:! 9,10! Description:! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!aboveground!biomass!in!the!pre"activity! shifting!in!stratum!m! Source!of!data:! AR!Module:!CP"AG!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in! the!aboveground!biomass!pool!in!project!activities! Measurement! It!is!conservative!to!assume!that!all!Cpre,m!!is!equal!to!average!published! procedures!(if!any):! estimates!of!the!total!carbon!stock!of!a!mature!forest!in!the!region!of!project.! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! UBB,l! Data!unit:! %! Used!in!equations:! 11,12! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASsA!–!161! ! Description:! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!belowground!biomass!in!the!pre"activity! shifting!in!stratum!m!! Source!of!data:! AR!Module:!CP"BG!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in! the!belowground!biomass!pool!in!project!activities! Measurement! It!is!conservative!to!assume!that!all!Cpre,l!!is!equal!to!average!published!estimates! procedures!(if!any):! of!the!total!carbon!stock!of!a!mature!forest!in!the!region!of!project.! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! UBB,m! Data!unit:! %! Used!in!equations:! 9,10! Description:! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!belowground!biomass!in!the!pre"activity! shifting!in!stratum!m!! Source!of!data:! AR!Module:!CP"BG!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in! the!belowground!biomass!pool!in!project!activities! Measurement! It!is!conservative!to!assume!that!all!Cpre,m!!is!equal!to!average!published! procedures!(if!any):! estimates!of!the!total!carbon!stock!of!a!mature!forest!in!the!region!of!project.! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! UDW,l! Data!unit:! %! Used!in!equations:! 11,12! Description:! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!dead!wood!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in! stratum!m!! Source!of!data:! AR!Module:!CP"D!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in! the!deadwood!biomass!pool!in!project!activities! Measurement! It!is!conservative!to!assume!that!all!Cpre,l!!is!equal!to!average!published!estimates! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASsA!–!162! ! procedures!(if!any):! of!the!total!carbon!stock!of!a!mature!forest!in!the!region!of!project.! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! UDW,m! Data!unit:! %! Used!in!equations:! 9,10! Description:! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!dead!wood!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in! stratum!m!! Source!of!data:! AR!Module:!CP"D!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in! the!deadwood!biomass!pool!in!project!activities! Measurement! It!is!conservative!to!assume!that!all!Cpre,m!!is!equal!to!average!published! procedures!(if!any):! estimates!of!the!total!carbon!stock!of!a!mature!forest!in!the!region!of!project.! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! U,LI,l! Data!unit:! %! Used!in!equations:! 11,12! Description:! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!litter!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in! stratum!m!! Source!of!data:! AR!Module:!CP"L!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in! the!litter!!pool!in!project!activities! Measurement! It!is!conservative!to!assume!that!all!Cpre,l!!is!equal!to!average!published!estimates! procedures!(if!any):! of!the!total!carbon!stock!of!a!mature!forest!in!the!region!of!project.! Any!comment:! ! ! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASsA!–!163! ! Data!/!parameter:! U,LI,m! Data!unit:! %! Used!in!equations:! 9,10! Description:! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!litter!in!the!pre"activity!shifting!in! stratum!m!! Source!of!data:! AR!Module:!CP"L!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in! the!litter!!pool!in!project!activities! Measurement! It!is!conservative!to!assume!that!all!Cpre,m!!is!equal!to!average!published! procedures!(if!any):! estimates!of!the!total!carbon!stock!of!a!mature!forest!in!the!region!of!project.! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! USOC,l!! Data!unit:! %! Used!in!equations:! 11,12! Description:! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!soil!organic!carbon!in!the!pre"activity! shifting!in!stratum!m!! Source!of!data:! AR!Module:!CP"S!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in! the!soil!organic!carbon!pool!in!project!activities! Measurement! It!is!conservative!to!assume!that!all!Cpre,l!!is!equal!to!average!published!estimates! procedures!(if!any):! of!the!total!carbon!stock!of!a!mature!forest!in!the!region!of!project.! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! USOC,m!! Data!unit:! %! Used!in!equations:! 9,10! Description:! Percent!uncertainty!in!carbon!stock!in!soil!organic!carbon!in!the!pre"activity! !! ! AR!Module!LK"ASsA!–!164! ! shifting!in!stratum!m!! Source!of!data:! AR!Module:!CP"S!Estimation!of!carbon!stocks!and!changes!in!carbon!stocks!in! the!soil!organic!carbon!pool!in!project!activities! Measurement! It!is!conservative!to!assume!that!all!Cpre,m!!is!equal!to!average!published! procedures!(if!any):! estimates!of!the!total!carbon!stock!of!a!mature!forest!in!the!region!of!project.! Any!comment:! ! ! !! ! AR!Module!LK"FW!–!165! ! !"#$%&'()(*(+,-!*#$().*%! LK"FW!Estimating!of!GHG!emissions!related!to! displacement!of!fuel"wood! I.!SCOPE,!APPLICABILITY!AND!PARAMETERS! Scope! The!management!practices!implemented!by!the!project!participants!may!require!at!least!temporary! 20 displacement!of!fuel"wood!collection .!If!part!the!fuel"wood!gathered!outside!the!project!boundary!does!not! 21 obey!the!most!recent!definition!of!renewable!biomass!as!approved!by!the!CDM!EB !then!leakage!due!to! displacement!of!fuelwood!collection!(LKfuelwood!)!shall!be!estimated.! ! This!module!allows!for!estimating!GHG!emission!related!to!displacement!of!fuel"wood!caused!by! reforestation!or!afforestation!of!land.! This!module!is!based!on!the!approved!CDM!methodologies:! (Note!to!reviewer:!For!ease!of!review!all!text!directly!taken!from!another!methodology!is!colored!as! stated.!Once!review!has!been!completed!and!the!methodology!approved!the!color!coding!will!be! removed)! ! AR-ACM0001 “Reforestation or afforestation of land currently under agriculture – V2”: (Text in Green) ! CDM AR-AM0004: “Reforestation or afforestation of land currently under agricultural use - V 3” (Text in orange) ! Applicability! The! module! is! applicable! for! estimating! the! leakage! emissions! due! to! the! displacement! of! fuel"wood! collection!outside!the!project!boundaries!as!a!result!of!project!activities.! Parameters! This!module!provides!procedures!to!determine!the!following!parameter:! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 20 In this context, fuelwood refers both to fuel-wood collection for direct use and for charcoal production. 21 See Glossary of CDM terms at: htt://cdm.unfccc.int/Reference/Guidclarif !! ! AR!Module!LK"FW!–!166! ! Parameter! SI!Unit! Description LKfuel"wood! t"CO2"e Net!CO2!emissions!due!to!displacement!of!fuel"wood!collection! LKfuel"wood,t! t"CO2"e Net!CO2!emissions!due!to!displacement!of!fuel"wood!collection!at!year!t "1 UncertaintyLK,FW,i,t! %!!ha ! Uncertainty!in!leakage!from!fuel"wood!collection!in!strata!i!at!time!t! (expressed!as!90%!confidence!interval!as!a!percentage!of!the!mean)! ! II.!PROCEDURE! Step!0:!Significance!test! Conduct!the!latest!version!of!the!CDM!“Tool!for!testing!significance!of!GHG!emissions!in!A/R!CDM! project!activities”.!! If!application!of!the!most!recent!version!of!the!“Tool!for!testing!significance!of!GHG!emissions!in!A/R! CDM!project!activities”!leads!to!a!conclusion!that!LKfuelwood!(as!calculated!using!the!equation!37)!is! insignificant!then!LKfuelwood!can!be!neglected,!i.e.!accounted!for!as!zero.! Step!1:!Identify!sampled!households! ! Identify! all! households! whose! fuel"wood! collection! activities! will! be! displaced! by! project! activities! (HHfuelwood).! Randomly! select! 10%! of! households,! or! a! minimum! of! 30! households! to! be! sampled! (SHHfuelwood).!Selection!of!households!cannot!be!biased.! Calculate!the!fraction!of!households!sampled:! SHH SFR # fuelwood PAfw HH fuelwood !!!!!!!!! (1)! ! HHfuelwood! =! Total!number!of!households!whose!fuelwood!collection!activities!will!be!displaced! by!project!activities;!dimensionless! SHHfuelwood! =! Number! of! sampled! households! whose! fuelwood! collection! activities! will! be! displaced!by!project!activities;!dimensionless! SFRPafw! =! fraction!of!total!households!sampled;!dimensionless! !! ! AR!Module!LK"FW!–!167! ! Step!2:!Estimate!the!pre"project!average!annual!volume!of!fuel"wood!gathering!in!the! project!area!(FGBL)! ! Interview!sampled!household!to!determine!average!annual!volume!of!fuel"wood!gathering!in!the!project! area!(sFGBL)!prior!to!the!initiation!of!project!activities.!!! Where! pre"project! fuel"wood! collection! and/or! charcoal! production! activities! exist,! it! is! necessary! to! estimate!the!pre"project!consumption!of!fuel"wood!in!randomly!selected!different!discrete!parcels!or! (subareas)! within! the! project! area.! This! can! be! done! by! interviewing! households! or! implementing! a! Participatory! Rural! Appraisal! (PRA).! Where! several! discrete! parcels! are! present! in! the! project! area,! sampling! techniques! can! be! used.! Others! sources! of! information,! such! as! local! studies! on! fuel"wood! consumption!and/or!charcoal!production!may!also!be!used.!Average!data!from!the!5!to!10!years!time! period!preceding!the!starting!date!of!the!AR!CDM!project!activity!should!be!used!whenever!possible.! The! methodology! assumes! that! the! estimated! historical! or! current! fuel"wood! consumption! and/or! charcoal!production!(FGBL)!will!remain!constant!over!the!entire!crediting!period.! sFGBL FGBL # !!!!!!!!! (2)! SFRPAfw Where:! 3 " FGBL! =! average!pre"project!annual!volume!of!fuel"wood!gathering!in!the!project!area;!m !yr 1! sFGBL! =! sampled! average! pre"project! annual! volume! of! fuel"wood! gathering! in! the! project! area;!m3!yr"1! SFRPafw! =! fraction!of!total!plots!or!households!in!the!project!area!sampled;!dimensionless! Step!3:!Monitor!and!estimate!volume!of!fuel"wood!gathering!during!project! implementation! Create!and!implement!a!monitoring!system!with!sampled!households!to!determine!the!volume!of!wood! collected!within!the!project!area!during!the!project.! For!ex!ante!estimations,!estimate!the!volume!of!fuel"wood!expected!to!be!collected!based!on!project! activity!plans.! 3 " FGAR,t! =! Volume!of!fuel"wood!gathered!in!project!area!according!to!monitoring!results;!m !yr 1! FGAR,exante,t! =! Ex!ante!estimation!of!volume!of!fuel"wood!gathered!allowed/planned!in!the!project! area!under!the!proposed!AR!project!activity;!m3!yr"1! !! ! AR!Module!LK"FW!–!168! ! Step!4:!Monitor!and!estimate!fuel"wood!supplied!by!other!displaced!activities! If!NGL22!areas!are!created!due!to!the!displacement!of!animal!grazing,!monitor!the!volume!of!fuel"wood! gathering!that!is!supplied!to!pre"project!fuel"wood!collectors!and/or!charcoal!producers!(FGNGL,t!).!If!no! NGL!areas!exist!or!no!volume!of!fuel"wood!is!supplied!from!these!areas,!set!FGNGL,t!=!0.! 23 If! LKAcrop,,t! (Area! of! cropland! activity! shifting! leakage )! or! IACh,t! (Identifiable! areas! converted! by! households24)areas!are!created!due!to!the!displacement!of!cropland,!monitor!the!volume!of!fuel"wood! gather!that!is!supplied!to!pre"project!fuel"wood!collectors!and/or!charcoal!producers!(FGcrop,t!,!FGIAC,t).!If! no!LKAcrop,m,t!or!IACh,t!areas!exist!or!no!volume!of!fuel"wood!is!supplied!from!these!areas,!set!FGcrop,t!=0!or! FGIAC,t!=!0.! ! For!ex!ante!estimations,!estimate!the!volume!of!fuel"wood!expected!to!be!collected!based!on!project! activity!plans.! ! It!is!conservative!to!set!FGNGL,!FGcrop,t!,!and/or!FGIAC,t!!=!zero.! FG FG '# FG ' FG ! conv ,t NGL crop ,t IAC ,t !!!!!!!! (3) 3 FGconv,t! =! Average!annual!volume!of!fuel"wood!collected!from!converted!areas!at!year!t;!m ! yr"1! 3 "1 FGNGL,t! =! Average!annual!volume!of!fuel"wood!collected!from!NGL!areas!at!year!t;!m !yr ! FGcrop,t! =! Average! annual! volume! of! fuel"wood! collected! from! areas! of! cropland! activity! shifting,!at!year!t;!m3!yr"1! FGIAC,t! =! Average!annual!volume!of!fuel"wood!collected!from!identifiable!areas!converted! by!households!due!to!small!scale!activity!shifting,!at!year!t;!m3!yr"1! Step!5:!Estimate!volume!of!wood!gathered!outside!project!activities! FG outside ,t FG BL FG AR ,t ((# FG conv ,t !! ! ! ! ! ! (4)! Where:! 3 "1 FGoutside,t! =! volume!of!fuel"wood!gathering!displaced!outside!the!project!area!at!year!t;!m !yr ! FGBL!! =! average!pre"project!annual!volume!of!fuel"wood!gathering!in!the!project!area!–! estimated!ex!ante!and!specified!in!the!CDM"AR"PDD;!m3!yr"1! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 22 See UNFCCC tool for “Estimation of GHG emissions related to displacement of grazing activities in A/R CDM project activity” 23 See Leakage Module: LK ASA – Leakage from Activity Shifting - Agriculture 24 See Leakage Module: LK ASsA – Leakage from Activity Shifting – Small scale agriculture !! ! AR!Module!LK"FW!–!169! ! FGAR,t! =! volume! of! fuel"wood! gathered! in! the! project! area! according! to! monitoring! results;!m3!yr"1! Step!6:!Estimate!leakage!due!to!displacement!of!fuel"wood!collection! Leakage! due! to! displacement! of! fuel"wood! collection! can! be! set! as! zero! (LK! fuel"wood! =! 0)! under! the! following!circumstances:!! ! FGBL! ! LK!fuel"wood! 44 LK # FG FRF )1( D BEF CF 2222(2 !!!! (5)! fuelwood outside ,t DS ,2 DS DS 12 t* LK fuelwood # $ LK fuelwood ,t ! t#1 !!!!!!!! (6) Where:! LK!fuel"wood! =! Leakage!due!to!displacement!of!fuel"wood!collection!up!to!year!t*;!t!CO2"e! LK!fuel"wood,t! =! Leakage!due!to!displacement!of!fuel"wood!collection!at!year!t;!t!CO2"e! 3 "1 FGoutside,t! =! Volume!of!fuel"wood!gathering!displaced!outside!the!project!area!at!year!t;!m !yr ! FRF! =! Fraction!of!fuel"wood!collected!outside!the!project!area!that!obeys!the!definition!of! renewable!biomass;!%! DDS! =! Basic!wood!density!of!dominant!species!DS!collected!as!fuel"wood;!t!d.m.!m"3! (See! IPCC!GPG"LULUCF,!Table!3A.1.9)! BEF2,DS! =! Biomass! expansion! factor! for! conversion! of! volumes! of! extracted! round"wood! to! total! above"ground! biomass! for! dominant! species! DS! collected! as! fuel"wood;! dimensionless! CFDS! =!!!!Carbon!fraction!of!dry!matter!for!dominant!species!DS!collected!as!fuel"wood;!t!C!(t! d.m.)"1!! III.!Data!and!Parameters!Not!Monitored!(Default!or!Measured!One!Time)! ! Data!/!parameter:! HH! !! ! AR!Module!LK"FW!–!170! ! Data!unit:! Dimensionless! Used!in!equations:! 1! Description:! Total!number!of!households!whose!fuelwood!collection!activities!will!be! displaced!by!project!activities! Source!of!data:! Household!interview! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! SHH! Data!unit:! Dimensionless! Used!in!equations:! 1! Description:! Number!of!sampled!households!whose!fuelwood!collection!activities!will!be! displaced!by!project!activities! Source!of!data:! ! Measurement! Randomly!select!10%!or!a!minimum!of!30!households!from!total!number!of!households! procedures!(if!any):! (HH)! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! sFGBL! Data!unit:! Dimensionless! Used!in!equations:! 2! Description:! sampled!average!pre"project!annual!volume!of!fuel"wood!gathering!in!the! project!area! Source!of!data:! Household!surveys,!local!studies! Measurement! This!can!be!done!by!interviewing!households!or!implementing!a!Participatory! procedures!(if!any):! Rural!Appraisal!(PRA).!Where!several!discrete!parcels!are!present!in!the!project! area,!sampling!techniques!can!be!used.!Others!sources!of!information,!such!as! local!studies!on!fuel"wood!consumption!and/or!charcoal!production!may!also! be!used.!Average!data!from!the!5!to!10!years!time!period!preceding!the!starting! date!of!the!AR!CDM!project!activity!should!be!used!whenever!possible! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! FGex!ant,t! Data!unit:! m3!yr"1! Used!in!equations:! 4! Description:! Ex!ante!estimation!of!volume!of!fuel"wood!gathered!in!project!area!according!to! monitoring!results! Source!of!data:! Estimation! Measurement! Estimate!volume!based!on!project!activity!plans!! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! DDS! !! ! AR!Module!LK"FW!–!171! ! Data!unit:! t!d.m.!m"3! Used!in!equations:! 5! Description:! Average!basic!wood!density!of!dominant!species!collected! Source!of!data:! Literature!or!IPCC!GPG"LULUCF,!Table!3A.1.9! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! BEF2,DS! Data!unit:! Dimensionless! Used!in!equations:! 5! Description:! Biomass!expansion!factor!for!conversion!of!volumes!of!extracted!roundwood!to! total!above"ground!biomass!for!dominant!species!DS!collected!as!fuelwood! Source!of!data:! Literature!or!IPCC!GPG"LULUCF,!Table!3A.1.10! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! CF! Data!unit:! t!C!(t!d.m.)"1! Used!in!equations:! 5! Description:! Carbon!fraction!of!dry!matter! Source!of!data:! Default!value!of!0.47!t!C!t"1!d.m.!can!be!used,!or!species!specific!!values!from!the! literature!(e.g.!IPCC!2006!INV!GLs!AFOLU!Chapter!4!Table!4.3)! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! IV.!DATA!AND!PARAMETERS!MONITORED! ! Data!/!parameter:! FGNGL! Data!unit:! m3!yr"1! Used!in!equations:! 3! Description:! Average!annual!volume!of!fuel"wood!collected!from!NGL!areas! Source!of!data:! Field!data!collection! Measurement! Monitor!the!volume!of!wood!created!by!conversion!of!NGL!that!is!used!by! procedures!(if!any):! households!with!displaced!fuel"wood!collection! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! FGcrop,! Data!unit:! m3!yr"1! Used!in!equations:! 3! Description:! Average!annual!volume!of!fuel"wood!collected!from!areas!of!cropland!activity! shifting! !! ! AR!Module!LK"FW!–!172! ! Source!of!data:! Field!data!collection! Measurement! Monitor!the!volume!of!wood!created!by!conversion!to!croplands!by!landowners! procedures!(if!any):! with!displaced!fuel"wood!collection! Any!comment:! The!area!where!displacement!of!cropland!occurs!is!equal!to!LKAcrop!(Area!of! cropland!activity!shifting!leakage).!This!parameter!is!found!in:!LK!ASA!–!Leakage! from!Activity!Shifting!"!Agriculture! ! Data!/!parameter:! FGIAC! Data!unit:! m3!yr"1! Used!in!equations:! 3! Description:! Average!annual!volume!of!fuel"wood!collected!from!identifiable!areas! converted!by!households!due!to!small!scale!activity!shifting! Source!of!data:! Field!data!collection! Measurement! Monitor!the!volume!of!wood!created!by!conversion!of!identifiable!areas!to!! procedures!(if!any):! croplands!by!households!with!displaced!fuel"wood!collection! Any!comment:! The!area!of!identified!conversion!is!equal!to!IACh,t!(Identifiable!areas!converted! by!households).!This!!parameter!is!found!in:!LK!ASsA!–!Leakage!from!Activity! Shifting!–!Small!scale!agriculture! ! Data!/!parameter:! FGAR,t! Data!unit:! m3!yr"1! Used!in!equations:! 4! Description:! Volume!of!fuel"wood!gathered!in!project!area!according!to!monitoring!results! Source!of!data:! Sampled!households! Measurement! Create!system!to!monitor!sampled!households.!!This!can!be!done!by! procedures!(if!any):! interviewing!households!or!implementing!a!Participatory!Rural!Appraisal!(PRA).!! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! FRF! Data!unit:! %! Used!in!equations:! 5! Description:! Fraction!of!fuel"wood!collected!outside!the!project!area!that!obeys!the! definition!of!renewable!biomass! Source!of!data:! Field!measurements! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! V.!TERMS!ORIGINATING!IN!OTHER!MODULES!OR!TOOLS! ! Data!/!parameter:! LKAcrop! Data!unit:! Hectares! Used!in!equations:! ! Description:! Area!of!cropland!activity!shifting!leakage! !! ! AR!Module!LK"FW!–!173! ! Source!of!data:! Leakage!Module:!LK!ASA!–!Leakage!from!Activity!Shifting!"!Agriculture! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! Data!/!parameter:! IACh,! Data!unit:! hectares! Used!in!equations:! ! Description:! Identifiable!areas!converted!by!households! Source!of!data:! Leakage!Module:!LK!ASsA!–!Leakage!from!Activity!Shifting!–!Small!scale! agriculture! Measurement! ! procedures!(if!any):! Any!comment:! ! ! ! !! !