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Thematic Forest Dictionary
Elżbieta Kloc THEMATIC FOREST DICTIONARY TEMATYCZNY SŁOWNIK LEÂNY Wydano na zlecenie Dyrekcji Generalnej Lasów Państwowych Warszawa 2015 © Centrum Informacyjne Lasów Państwowych ul. Grójecka 127 02-124 Warszawa tel. 22 18 55 353 e-mail: [email protected] www.lasy.gov.pl © Elżbieta Kloc Konsultacja merytoryczna: dr inż. Krzysztof Michalec Konsultacja i współautorstwo haseł z zakresu hodowli lasu: dr inż. Maciej Pach Recenzja: dr Ewa Bandura Ilustracje: Bartłomiej Gaczorek Zdjęcia na okładce Paweł Fabijański Korekta Anna Wikło ISBN 978-83-63895-48-8 Projek graficzny i przygotowanie do druku PLUPART Druk i oprawa Ośrodek Rozwojowo-Wdrożeniowy Lasów Państwowych w Bedoniu TABLE OF CONTENTS – SPIS TREÂCI ENGLISH-POLISH THEMATIC FOREST DICTIONARY ANGIELSKO-POLSKI TEMATYCZNY SŁOWNIK LEÂNY OD AUTORKI ................................................... 9 WYKAZ OBJAŚNIEŃ I SKRÓTÓW ................................... 10 PLANTS – ROŚLINY ............................................ 13 1. Taxa – jednostki taksonomiczne .................................. 14 2. Plant classification – klasyfikacja roślin ............................. 14 3. List of forest plant species – lista gatunków roślin leśnych .............. 17 4. List of tree and shrub species – lista gatunków drzew i krzewów ......... 19 5. Plant morphology – morfologia roślin .............................. 22 6. Plant cells, tissues and their compounds – komórki i tkanki roślinne oraz ich części składowe .................. 30 7. Plant habitat preferences – preferencje środowiskowe roślin -
Planting Power ... Formation in Portugal.Pdf
Promotoren: Dr. F. von Benda-Beckmann Hoogleraar in het recht, meer in het bijzonder het agrarisch recht van de niet-westerse gebieden. Ir. A. van Maaren Emeritus hoogleraar in de boshuishoudkunde. Preface The history of Portugal is, like that of many other countries in Europe, one of deforestation and reafforestation. Until the eighteenth century, the reclamation of land for agriculture, the expansion of animal husbandry (often on communal grazing grounds or baldios), and the increased demand for wood and timber resulted in the gradual disappearance of forests and woodlands. This tendency was reversed only in the nineteenth century, when planting of trees became a scientifically guided and often government-sponsored activity. The reversal was due, on the one hand, to the increased economic value of timber (the market's "invisible hand" raised timber prices and made forest plantation economically attractive), and to the realization that deforestation had severe impacts on the environment. It was no accident that the idea of sustainability, so much in vogue today, was developed by early-nineteenth-century foresters. Such is the common perspective on forestry history in Europe and Portugal. Within this perspective, social phenomena are translated into abstract notions like agricultural expansion, the invisible hand of the market, and the public interest in sustainably-used natural environments. In such accounts, trees can become gifts from the gods to shelter, feed and warm the mortals (for an example, see: O Vilarealense, (Vila Real), 12 January 1961). However, a closer look makes it clear that such a detached account misses one key aspect: forests serve not only public, but also particular interests, and these particular interests correspond to specific social groups. -
Forestry Commission Bulletin: Forestry Practice
HMSO £3.50 net Forestry Commission Bulletin Forestry Commission ARCHIVE Forestry Practice FORESTRY COMMISSION BULLETIN No. 14 FORESTRY PRACTICE A Summary of Methods of Establishing, Maintaining and Harvesting Forest Crops with Advice on Planning and other Management Considerations for Owners, Agents and Foresters Edited by O. N. Blatchford, B.Sc. Forestry Commission LONDON: HER MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE © Crown copyright 1978 First published 1933 Ninth Edition 1978 ISBN011 7101508 FOREWORD This latest edition ofForestry Practice sets out to give a comprehensive account of silvicultural practice and forest management in Britain. Since the first edition, the Forestry Commission has produced a large number of Bulletins, Booklets, Forest Records and Leaflets covering very fully a wide variety of forestry matters. Reference is made to these where appropriate so that the reader may supplement the information and guidance given here. Titles given in the bibliography at the end of each chapter are normally available through a library and those currently in print are listed in the Forestry Commission Catalogue of Publications obtainable from the Publications Officer, Forest Research Station, Alice Holt Lodge, Wrecclesham, Famham, Surrey. Research and Development Papers mainly unpriced may be obtained only from that address. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The cover picture and all the photographs are from the Forestry Commission’s photographic collection. Fair drawings of diagrams were made, where appropriate, by J. Williams, the Commission’s Graphics Officer. CONTENTS Chapter 1 SEED SUPPLY AND COLLECTION Page Seed sources . 1 Seed stands 1 Seed orchards 3 Collection of seed 3 Storage of fruit and seeds 3 Conifers . 3 Broadleaved species 3 Seed regulations 3 Bibliography 4 Chapter 2 NURSERY PRACTICE Objectives . -
Forest Measurements for Natural Resource Professionals, 2001 Workshop Proceedings
Natural Resource Network Connecting Research, Teaching and Outreach 2001 Workshop Proceedings Forest Measurements for Natural Resource Professionals Caroline A. Fox Research and Demonstration Forest Hillsborough, NH Sampling & Management of Coarse Woody Debris- October 12 Getting the Most from Your Cruise- October 19 Cruising Hardware & Software for Foresters- November 9 UNH Cooperative Extension 131 Main Street, 214 Nesmith Hall, Durham, NH 03824 The Caroline A. Fox Research and Demonstration Forest (Fox Forest) is in Hillsborough, NH. Its focus is applied practical research, demonstration forests, and education and outreach for a variety of audiences. A Workshop Series on Forest Measurements for Natural Resource Professionals was held in the fall of 2001. These proceedings were prepared as a supplement to the workshop. Papers submitted were not peer-reviewed or edited. They were compiled by Karen P. Bennett, Extension Specialist in Forest Resources and Ken Desmarais, Forester with the NH Division of Forests and Lands. Readers who did not attend the workshop are encouraged to contact authors directly for clarifications. Workshop attendees received additional supplemental materials. Sampling and Management for Down Coarse Woody Debris in New England: A Workshop- October 12, 2001 The What and Why of CWD– Mark Ducey, Assistant Professor, UNH Department of Natural Resources New Hampshire’s Logging Efficiency– Ken Desmarais, Forester/ Researcher, Fox State Forest The Regional Level: Characteristics of DDW in Maine, NH and VT– Linda Heath, -
Three Days' Forest Festival on the Biltmore Estate
DECEMBER 5, 1908 AMERICAN LUMBERMAN. 35 THREE DAYS’ FOREST FESTIVAL ON THE BILTMORE ESTATE. --------------------------------------- Extraordinary Outing of Representatives of All Concerned With Timber From the Tree to the Trade—Biltmore Estate, the Property of George W. Vanderbilt, Used Educationally in a Unique Celebration Under the Direction of C. A. Schenck, Ph. D.—Authorities Invade the Woods for Lectures by the Master Forester—Openhanded, Open Air Hospitality—Anniver= saries Signalized in an Unprecedented Way—Beauti= ful Biltmore in Story and Verse. --------------------------------------- known as the Biltmore estate. The invitations, eagerly milling operations and surveying. They enter practically BILTMORE. accepted, brought to Asheville, N.C., of which Biltmore is a into the various methods of timber estimating, including suburb, many of the country’s best known to professional the strip method, the “forty” method and Schenck’s We are but borrowers of God’s good soil, and business life as directly or indirectly interested in any method, and for ten continuous days they estimate on phase of timber growth, from its inauguration and some tract to be cut for an estate mill. Here they endure Free tenants of His field and vale and hill; preservation to its commercial utilization. These and the all he hardships of a timber estimator’s life; working We are but workmen ‘mid his vines to toil multitude of others who will be interested in these eight hours a day, cooking their own meals and sleeping To serve his purpose and obey His will. chronicles of the recent forest festival will be glad to learn in the open rolled up in blankets. -
Wood Flooring Installation Guidelines
WOOD FLOORING INSTALLATION GUIDELINES Revised © 2019 NATIONAL WOOD FLOORING ASSOCIATION TECHNICAL PUBLICATION WOOD FLOORING INSTALLATION GUIDELINES 1 INTRODUCTION 87 SUBSTRATES: Radiant Heat 2 HEALTH AND SAFETY 102 SUBSTRATES: Existing Flooring Personal Protective Equipment Fire and Extinguisher Safety 106 UNDERLAYMENTS: Electrical Safety Moisture Control Tool Safety 110 UNDERLAYMENTS: Industry Regulations Sound Control/Acoustical 11 INSTALLATION TOOLS 116 LAYOUT Hand Tools Working Lines Power Tools Trammel Points Pneumatic Tools Transferring Lines Blades and Bits 45° Angles Wall-Layout 19 WOOD FLOORING PRODUCT Wood Flooring Options Center-Layout Trim and Mouldings Lasers Packaging 121 INSTALLATION METHODS: Conversions and Calculations Nail-Down 27 INVOLVED PARTIES 132 INSTALLATION METHODS: 29 JOBSITE CONDITIONS Glue-Down Exterior Climate Considerations 140 INSTALLATION METHODS: Exterior Conditions of the Building Floating Building Thermal Envelope Interior Conditions 145 INSTALLATION METHODS: 33 ACCLIMATION/CONDITIONING Parquet Solid Wood Flooring 150 PROTECTION, CARE Engineered Wood Flooring AND MAINTENANCE Parquet and End-Grain Wood Flooring Educating the Customer Reclaimed Wood Flooring Protection Care 38 MOISTURE TESTING Maintenance Temperature/Relative Humidity What Not to Use Moisture Testing Wood Moisture Testing Wood Subfloors 153 REPAIRS/REPLACEMENT/ Moisture Testing Concrete Subfloors REMOVAL Repair 45 BASEMENTS/CRAWLSPACES Replacement Floating Floor Board Replacement 48 SUBSTRATES: Wood Subfloors Lace-Out/Lace-In Addressing -
Ornamental Floors Design and Installation
NATIONAL WOOD FLOORING ASSOCIATION TECHNICAL PUBLICATION No. B200 ORNAMENTAL FLOORS DESIGN AND INSTALLATION the basics of creating artistic wood flooring installations. Introduction: However, it is important to have the proper knowledge rnamental floors, in all their varied forms, about the tools required and how to use them before have become an increasingly popular choice attempting custom work. (See “Tools Required,” page 5.) Ofor many consumers who want to customize Also, while this publication will help the inexperienced their homes. The description “ornamental floors” cov- installer learn some basic concepts about custom work, ers a wide variety of options, some more difficult to the best way to become proficient is by hands-on appli- execute than others. These include feature strips, pat- cation of the techniques discussed. terned floors, hand-cut scroll work, laser-cut preman- Those wishing to become more proficient at installing ufactured inlays and borders, and mixed-media ornamental floors might do so by working with an expe- installations (involving metal, stone or tile with wood). rienced custom installer, or by attending specialized An ornamental floor may be as simple as a single, seminars designed to teach custom techniques. The 3 ⁄4-inch feature strip following the room’s perimeter. Or National Wood Flooring Association conducts such sem- it may be ornate and elaborate, involving thousands of inars periodically. Several NWFA members who have pieces that combine for a true work of art. The tech- shared their skills at NWFA installation-training semi- niques used to create these flooring effects are as var- nars and who have been honored with Floor of the Year ied as the contractors who practice them. -
The “Unknown” Maker of Marquetry Is Attributable As Buchschmid & Gretaux. I Hope You Will Publish This for Your Readers
The “Unknown” Maker Of Marquetry Is Attributable As Buchschmid & Gretaux. I hope you will publish this for your readers because it answers a question regarding an “unknown” maker of pieces owned by your previous readers. Like all antiques, these objects were made in the context of their times, and that context stays lost until somebody interested in it digs it up later. My wife and I purchased a piece of marquetry in 2018 from an online auction, local to Northern Virginia, in a lot with other home décor, described as “Germany scene wood inlay picture” shown in the attached pictures. Fig 1: Front of “Hildesheim Knochenhauer-Amtshaus”, 9 x 12 inches framed. 1 Fig 2: Rear view of original frame; note two labels, paper taping, horizontally grained wooden back, and two-pin triangular hanger. 2 Fig 3: Close-up of labels. My parents emigrated from Germany to the U.S. in the 1950s and eventually brought back lots of ‘German stuff’ passed through our family, that I grew up with. So what follows is based on not just objective facts, but also on the context of those facts that I experienced through immersion in a culture that my parents brought with them to the U.S. As with every piece, the question is always “who made it, and when?” Here, by answering the “when” first, the “who” becomes apparent. I. “WHEN” it was made Every detail is an important clue, but I draw your attention first to the labels on the back of each of the five (5) pieces, noting the following: 1) the misspellings of “INLAYD” and “COLRED” – this identical wording appears on two pieces found on your own website. -
Methodology for Afforestation And
METHODOLOGY FOR THE QUANTIFICATION, MONITORING, REPORTING AND VERIFICATION OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS AND REMOVALS FROM AFFORESTATION AND REFORESTATION OF DEGRADED LAND VERSION 1.2 May 2017 METHODOLOGY FOR THE QUANTIFICATION, MONITORING, REPORTING AND VERIFICATION OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS AND REMOVALS FROM AFFORESTATION AND REFORESTATION OF DEGRADED LAND VERSION 1.2 May 2017 American Carbon Registry® WASHINGTON DC OFFICE c/o Winrock International 2451 Crystal Drive, Suite 700 Arlington, Virginia 22202 USA ph +1 703 302 6500 [email protected] americancarbonregistry.org ABOUT AMERICAN CARBON REGISTRY® (ACR) A leading carbon offset program founded in 1996 as the first private voluntary GHG registry in the world, ACR operates in the voluntary and regulated carbon markets. ACR has unparalleled experience in the development of environmentally rigorous, science-based offset methodolo- gies as well as operational experience in the oversight of offset project verification, registration, offset issuance and retirement reporting through its online registry system. © 2017 American Carbon Registry at Winrock International. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be repro- duced, displayed, modified or distributed without express written permission of the American Carbon Registry. The sole permitted use of the publication is for the registration of projects on the American Carbon Registry. For requests to license the publication or any part thereof for a different use, write to the Washington DC address listed above. -
Design Guide
® DECKING & RAILING DESIGN GUIDE 1 WHAT ARE WE MADE OF? Live Your Best Life—Outdoors The Material Difference Your outdoor living space should be a reflection of your personal You know what’s best for your outdoor living space and your lifestyle. That’s why we offer three unique material types. While we could go into detail, we’ll let the charts below and on the next style. Traditional, square decks are just the jumping off point of how page do that for us. Simply choose what’s right for you. you can use TimberTech decking to elevate your outdoor living space. But where to start? That’s where TimberTech comes in; design and technology is at the core of everything we do. CAPPED POLYMER 4-SIDED CAPPED 3-SIDED CAPPED DECKING COMPOSITE DECKING COMPOSITE DECKING UNRIVALED DESIGN AND PREMIUM STYLE AND ATTAINABLE AND ATTRACTIVE PERFORMANCE PERFORMANCE Our products, backed by premium warranties, make your deck design better, stronger, smarter, and more beautiful. Browse this guide to start bringing your design vision to life. With a wide • The most advanced synthetic • Premium composite decking • Traditional composite decking material technology without the with the added protection of a with a synthetic cap on three variety of colors, wood grains, and widths to create unique designs, use of wood particles. fully synthetic cap on all four sides and monochromatic or • Impervious to moisture. sides. color-blended options. you’ll soon be enjoying your beautifully-updated deck. • 50-Year Limited Fade & Stain • Resistant to moisture • Surface protection from ® Warranty. with Mold Guard Technology. -
Forestry Education at the University of California: the First Fifty Years
fORESTRY EDUCRTIOfl T THE UflIVERSITY Of CALIFORflffl The first fifty Years PAUL CASAMAJOR, Editor Published by the California Alumni Foresters Berkeley, California 1965 fOEUJOD T1HEhistory of an educational institution is peculiarly that of the men who made it and of the men it has helped tomake. This books tells the story of the School of Forestry at the University of California in such terms. The end of the first 50 years oi forestry education at Berkeley pro ides a unique moment to look back at what has beenachieved. A remarkable number of those who occupied key roles in establishing the forestry cur- riculum are with us today to throw the light of personal recollection and insight on these five decades. In addition, time has already given perspective to the accomplishments of many graduates. The School owes much to the California Alumni Foresters Association for their interest in seizing this opportunity. Without the initiative and sustained effort that the alunmi gave to the task, the opportunity would have been lost and the School would have been denied a valuable recapitulation of its past. Although this book is called a history, this name may be both unfair and misleading. If it were about an individual instead of an institution it might better be called a personal memoir. Those who have been most con- cerned with the task of writing it have perhaps been too close to the School to provide objective history. But if anything is lost on this score, it is more than regained by the personalized nature of the account. -
Forest Measurement with Relascope Practical Description for Fieldwork with Examples for Estonia
Jüri Järvis FOREST MEASUREMENT Practical descriptionWITH for fieldwork RELASCOPE with examples for Estonia Partial stand description Average The Area Layer / Average Average Average relative stand number of the Volume Volume composition age height diameter density RSD of the stand m3/ha m3/stand description % (y) (m) (cm) (%) / stand (ha) G (m2/ha) 1 2.0 I aspen 52 55 25 27 42.0/15 166 332 I birch 25 55 25 26 23.7/7 79 158 I spruce 23 57 23 23 18.1/6.5 73 146 TOTAL: 83.8/28.5 318 636 II spruce 100 25 10 10 22.8/5 30 60 TOTAL: 348 696 The relascope and relascope measurement was invented Title of the original: Metsa relaskoopmõõtmine. Puistu rinnaspindala, täiuse ja mahu and introduced by Austrian forest scientist Walter Bitterlich määramine lihtrelaskoopi kasutades. (Bitterlich 1947, 1948). The method is widely used because II täiendatud trükk (2010). it is simple, handy and quick. However, the method is less accurate when compared to cross-callipering forest Translation into English 2013; first printed 2006. measurement. It is used for the preliminary assessment of timber supply in a tree stand 1. © Jüri Järvis 2010; 2013. Simplified relascope is also called “simple relascope”, All rights reserved. “angle-counter”, “angle-gauge” or “angle-template”. So- called true relascope or mirror-relascope is a device that can automatically adjust its measured values according Consultants: Ahto Kangur, Allan Sims, Allar Padari, Andres Kiviste, Artur Nilson, to the slope of the ground (photo 1). Mart Vaus (Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Electronic relascope can be used instead of traditional Photo 1.