Forest Measurements for Natural Resource Professionals, 2001 Workshop Proceedings
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Thematic Forest Dictionary
Elżbieta Kloc THEMATIC FOREST DICTIONARY TEMATYCZNY SŁOWNIK LEÂNY Wydano na zlecenie Dyrekcji Generalnej Lasów Państwowych Warszawa 2015 © Centrum Informacyjne Lasów Państwowych ul. Grójecka 127 02-124 Warszawa tel. 22 18 55 353 e-mail: [email protected] www.lasy.gov.pl © Elżbieta Kloc Konsultacja merytoryczna: dr inż. Krzysztof Michalec Konsultacja i współautorstwo haseł z zakresu hodowli lasu: dr inż. Maciej Pach Recenzja: dr Ewa Bandura Ilustracje: Bartłomiej Gaczorek Zdjęcia na okładce Paweł Fabijański Korekta Anna Wikło ISBN 978-83-63895-48-8 Projek graficzny i przygotowanie do druku PLUPART Druk i oprawa Ośrodek Rozwojowo-Wdrożeniowy Lasów Państwowych w Bedoniu TABLE OF CONTENTS – SPIS TREÂCI ENGLISH-POLISH THEMATIC FOREST DICTIONARY ANGIELSKO-POLSKI TEMATYCZNY SŁOWNIK LEÂNY OD AUTORKI ................................................... 9 WYKAZ OBJAŚNIEŃ I SKRÓTÓW ................................... 10 PLANTS – ROŚLINY ............................................ 13 1. Taxa – jednostki taksonomiczne .................................. 14 2. Plant classification – klasyfikacja roślin ............................. 14 3. List of forest plant species – lista gatunków roślin leśnych .............. 17 4. List of tree and shrub species – lista gatunków drzew i krzewów ......... 19 5. Plant morphology – morfologia roślin .............................. 22 6. Plant cells, tissues and their compounds – komórki i tkanki roślinne oraz ich części składowe .................. 30 7. Plant habitat preferences – preferencje środowiskowe roślin -
Planting Power ... Formation in Portugal.Pdf
Promotoren: Dr. F. von Benda-Beckmann Hoogleraar in het recht, meer in het bijzonder het agrarisch recht van de niet-westerse gebieden. Ir. A. van Maaren Emeritus hoogleraar in de boshuishoudkunde. Preface The history of Portugal is, like that of many other countries in Europe, one of deforestation and reafforestation. Until the eighteenth century, the reclamation of land for agriculture, the expansion of animal husbandry (often on communal grazing grounds or baldios), and the increased demand for wood and timber resulted in the gradual disappearance of forests and woodlands. This tendency was reversed only in the nineteenth century, when planting of trees became a scientifically guided and often government-sponsored activity. The reversal was due, on the one hand, to the increased economic value of timber (the market's "invisible hand" raised timber prices and made forest plantation economically attractive), and to the realization that deforestation had severe impacts on the environment. It was no accident that the idea of sustainability, so much in vogue today, was developed by early-nineteenth-century foresters. Such is the common perspective on forestry history in Europe and Portugal. Within this perspective, social phenomena are translated into abstract notions like agricultural expansion, the invisible hand of the market, and the public interest in sustainably-used natural environments. In such accounts, trees can become gifts from the gods to shelter, feed and warm the mortals (for an example, see: O Vilarealense, (Vila Real), 12 January 1961). However, a closer look makes it clear that such a detached account misses one key aspect: forests serve not only public, but also particular interests, and these particular interests correspond to specific social groups. -
Forestry Commission Bulletin: Forestry Practice
HMSO £3.50 net Forestry Commission Bulletin Forestry Commission ARCHIVE Forestry Practice FORESTRY COMMISSION BULLETIN No. 14 FORESTRY PRACTICE A Summary of Methods of Establishing, Maintaining and Harvesting Forest Crops with Advice on Planning and other Management Considerations for Owners, Agents and Foresters Edited by O. N. Blatchford, B.Sc. Forestry Commission LONDON: HER MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE © Crown copyright 1978 First published 1933 Ninth Edition 1978 ISBN011 7101508 FOREWORD This latest edition ofForestry Practice sets out to give a comprehensive account of silvicultural practice and forest management in Britain. Since the first edition, the Forestry Commission has produced a large number of Bulletins, Booklets, Forest Records and Leaflets covering very fully a wide variety of forestry matters. Reference is made to these where appropriate so that the reader may supplement the information and guidance given here. Titles given in the bibliography at the end of each chapter are normally available through a library and those currently in print are listed in the Forestry Commission Catalogue of Publications obtainable from the Publications Officer, Forest Research Station, Alice Holt Lodge, Wrecclesham, Famham, Surrey. Research and Development Papers mainly unpriced may be obtained only from that address. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The cover picture and all the photographs are from the Forestry Commission’s photographic collection. Fair drawings of diagrams were made, where appropriate, by J. Williams, the Commission’s Graphics Officer. CONTENTS Chapter 1 SEED SUPPLY AND COLLECTION Page Seed sources . 1 Seed stands 1 Seed orchards 3 Collection of seed 3 Storage of fruit and seeds 3 Conifers . 3 Broadleaved species 3 Seed regulations 3 Bibliography 4 Chapter 2 NURSERY PRACTICE Objectives . -
Forestry Materials Forest Types and Treatments
-- - Forestry Materials Forest Types and Treatments mericans are looking to their forests today for more benefits than r ·~~.'~;:_~B~:;. A ever before-recreation, watershed protection, wildlife, timber, "'--;':r: .";'C: wilderness. Foresters are often able to enhance production of these bene- fits. This book features forestry techniques that are helping to achieve .,;~~.~...t& the American dream for the forest. , ~- ,.- The story is for landolVners, which means it is for everyone. Millions . .~: of Americans own individual tracts of woodland, many have shares in companies that manage forests, and all OWII the public lands managed by government agencies. The forestry profession exists to help all these landowners obtain the benefits they want from forests; but forests have limits. Like all living things, trees are restricted in what they can do and where they can exist. A tree that needs well-drained soil cannot thrive in a marsh. If seeds re- quire bare soil for germination, no amount of urging will get a seedling established on a pile of leaves. The fOllOwing pages describe th.: ways in which stands of trees can be grown under commonly Occllrring forest conditions ill the United States. Originating, growing, and tending stands of trees is called silvicllllllr~ \ I, 'R"7'" -, l'l;l.f\ .. (silva is the Latin word for forest). Without exaggeration, silviculture is the heartbeat of forestry. It is essential when humans wish to manage the forests-to accelerate the production or wildlife, timber, forage, or to in- / crease recreation and watershed values. Of course, some benerits- t • wilderness, a prime example-require that trees be left alone to pursue their' OWII destiny. -
Continuous Forest Inventory 2014
Manual for Continuous Forest Inventory Field Procedures Bureau of Forestry Division of State Parks and Recreation February 2014 Massachusetts Department Conservation and Recreation Manual for Continuous Forest Inventory Field Procedures Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation February, 2014 Preface The purpose of this manual is to provide individuals involved in collecting continuous forest inventory data on land administered by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation with clear instructions for carrying out their work. This manual was first published in 1959. It has undergone minor revisions in 1960, 1961, 1964 and 1979, and 2013. Major revisions were made in April, 1968, September, 1978 and March, 1998. This manual is a minor revision of the March, 1998 version and an update of the April 2010 printing. TABLE OF CONTENTS Plot Location and Establishment The Crew 3 Equipment 3 Location of Established Plots 4 The Field Book 4 New CFI Plot Location 4 Establishing a Starting Point 4 The Route 5 Traveling the Route to the Plot 5 Establishing the Plot Center 5 Establishing the Witness Trees 6 Monumentation 7 Establishing the Plot Perimeter 8 Tree Data General 11 Tree Number 11 Azimuth 12 Distance 12 Tree Species 12-13 Diameter Breast Height 13-15 Tree Status 16 Product 17 Sawlog Height 18 Sawlog Percent Soundness 18 Bole Height 19 Bole Percent Soundness 21 Management Potential 21 Sawlog Tree Grade 23 Hardwood Tree Grade 23 Eastern White Pine Tree Grade 24 Quality Determinant 25 Crown Class 26 Mechanical Loss -
Basal AREA and POINT-SAMPUNG Lllterpretlltion IIIII App/Ittltion
• BASAl AREA AND POINT-SAMPUNG lllterpretlltion IIIII App/ittltion Technical Bulletin Number 23 (Revised) DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES Madison, Wisconsin • 1970 BASAL AREA AND POINT-SAMPLING Interpretation and Application By H. J. Hovind and C. E. Rieck Technical Bulletin Number 23 (Revised Edition) DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES Madison, Wisconsin 53701 1970 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Management of the major timber types in the Lake States has been in tensified by the application of the basal area method of regulating stocking. Much of the credit for promoting this method should be given to Carl Arbo gast, Jr. (deceased), formerly of Marquette, Michigan and to Robert E. Buckman of Washington, D.C., for their research with the U.S. Forest Serv ice in northern hardwoods and pine, respectively. These men have been in strumental in stimulating the authors' interest in the application of basal area and point-sampling concepts. (This bulletin is a revlSlon by the same authors of Technical Bulletin Number 23 published by the Wisconsin Conservation Department in 1961. Hovind is Assistant Director, Bureau of Forest Management, and Rieck is Director, Bureau of Fire Control.) Illustrated by R. J. Hallisy Edited by Ruth L. Hine CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 WHAT IS BASAl AREA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 MEASURING BASAl AREA ________________ . -
Methodology for Afforestation And
METHODOLOGY FOR THE QUANTIFICATION, MONITORING, REPORTING AND VERIFICATION OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS AND REMOVALS FROM AFFORESTATION AND REFORESTATION OF DEGRADED LAND VERSION 1.2 May 2017 METHODOLOGY FOR THE QUANTIFICATION, MONITORING, REPORTING AND VERIFICATION OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS AND REMOVALS FROM AFFORESTATION AND REFORESTATION OF DEGRADED LAND VERSION 1.2 May 2017 American Carbon Registry® WASHINGTON DC OFFICE c/o Winrock International 2451 Crystal Drive, Suite 700 Arlington, Virginia 22202 USA ph +1 703 302 6500 [email protected] americancarbonregistry.org ABOUT AMERICAN CARBON REGISTRY® (ACR) A leading carbon offset program founded in 1996 as the first private voluntary GHG registry in the world, ACR operates in the voluntary and regulated carbon markets. ACR has unparalleled experience in the development of environmentally rigorous, science-based offset methodolo- gies as well as operational experience in the oversight of offset project verification, registration, offset issuance and retirement reporting through its online registry system. © 2017 American Carbon Registry at Winrock International. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be repro- duced, displayed, modified or distributed without express written permission of the American Carbon Registry. The sole permitted use of the publication is for the registration of projects on the American Carbon Registry. For requests to license the publication or any part thereof for a different use, write to the Washington DC address listed above. -
Forestry Cde – Junior Division Guide
FORESTRY CDE – JUNIOR DIVISION GUIDE Revised 2013 Junior Forestry CDE Study Guide July 2013 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Introduction 3 Rules can be found on the Rules link. Individual Activities 4 Tree Identification 4 Timber Stand Improvement and/or Thinning 6 Timber Cruising for Cord Volume 9 Land Measurement 11 Hand Compass Practicum 13 Tree/Forest Disorders 15 Timber Cruising for Bd. Ft. Volume 17 Product Classification 18 Reforestation 20 Forest Management 21 Appendixes 22 A Jr. Forestry CDE Score Sheets 23 Tree Identification 23 TSI and/or Thinning 24 Timber Cruising/Cd Volume 25 Land Measurement 26 Hand Compass Practicum 27 Tree/Forest Disorders 28 Timber Cruising for Bd. Ft. Volume 29 Product Classification 30 Reforestation 31 Forest Management 32 B Equipment List 33 Junior Forestry CDE Study Guide July 2013 2 INTRODUCTION Georgia’s forestry industry creates a multi billion-dollar economic impact in the state annually. There are thousands of jobs created as a result of the abundant forestry resources across the state of Georgia. The Jr. Forestry Career Development Event promotes conservation of and is an asset to the forestry resources in Georgia. This guide is intended to be a supplement to the Agricultural Education Curriculums in Forestry, Natural Resources and the Environment. It should also serve as an aid in preparing students for the forestry-related CDE’s throughout the state. It is not intended to be a teaching unit or textbook. The objectives for this publication and the various FFA forestry-related career development events are to aid the teacher in: 1. Teaching students the practical application of natural resources management practices. -
Forest Measurement with Relascope Practical Description for Fieldwork with Examples for Estonia
Jüri Järvis FOREST MEASUREMENT Practical descriptionWITH for fieldwork RELASCOPE with examples for Estonia Partial stand description Average The Area Layer / Average Average Average relative stand number of the Volume Volume composition age height diameter density RSD of the stand m3/ha m3/stand description % (y) (m) (cm) (%) / stand (ha) G (m2/ha) 1 2.0 I aspen 52 55 25 27 42.0/15 166 332 I birch 25 55 25 26 23.7/7 79 158 I spruce 23 57 23 23 18.1/6.5 73 146 TOTAL: 83.8/28.5 318 636 II spruce 100 25 10 10 22.8/5 30 60 TOTAL: 348 696 The relascope and relascope measurement was invented Title of the original: Metsa relaskoopmõõtmine. Puistu rinnaspindala, täiuse ja mahu and introduced by Austrian forest scientist Walter Bitterlich määramine lihtrelaskoopi kasutades. (Bitterlich 1947, 1948). The method is widely used because II täiendatud trükk (2010). it is simple, handy and quick. However, the method is less accurate when compared to cross-callipering forest Translation into English 2013; first printed 2006. measurement. It is used for the preliminary assessment of timber supply in a tree stand 1. © Jüri Järvis 2010; 2013. Simplified relascope is also called “simple relascope”, All rights reserved. “angle-counter”, “angle-gauge” or “angle-template”. So- called true relascope or mirror-relascope is a device that can automatically adjust its measured values according Consultants: Ahto Kangur, Allan Sims, Allar Padari, Andres Kiviste, Artur Nilson, to the slope of the ground (photo 1). Mart Vaus (Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Electronic relascope can be used instead of traditional Photo 1. -
Quantifying Carbon Stores and Decomposition in Dead Wood: a Review ⇑ Matthew B
Forest Ecology and Management 350 (2015) 107–128 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Forest Ecology and Management journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/foreco Tamm Review Quantifying carbon stores and decomposition in dead wood: A review ⇑ Matthew B. Russell a, , Shawn Fraver b, Tuomas Aakala c, Jeffrey H. Gove d, Christopher W. Woodall e, Anthony W. D’Amato f, Mark J. Ducey g a Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA b School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA c Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland d USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Durham, NH, USA e USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, St. Paul, MN, USA f Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA g Department of Natural Resources, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA article info abstract Article history: The amount and dynamics of forest dead wood (both standing and downed) has been quantified by a Available online 16 May 2015 variety of approaches throughout the forest science and ecology literature. Differences in the sampling and quantification of dead wood can lead to differences in our understanding of forests and their role Keywords: in the sequestration and emissions of CO2, as well as in developing appropriate strategies for achieving Coarse woody debris dead wood-related objectives, including biodiversity protection, and procurement of forest bioenergy Downed dead wood feedstocks. A thorough understanding of the various methods available for quantifying dead wood stores Standing dead trees and decomposition is critical for comparing studies and drawing valid conclusions. -
Conducting a Simple Timber Inventory Conducting a Simple Timber Inventory Jason G
PB1780 Conducting a Simple Timber Inventory Conducting a Simple Timber Inventory Jason G. Henning, Assistant Professor, and David C. Mercker, Extension Specialist Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries Purpose and Audience This publication is an introduction to the terminology The authors are confident that if the guidelines and methodology of timber inventory. The publication described herein are closely adhered to, someone with should allow non-professionals to communicate minimal experience and knowledge can perform an effectively with forestry professionals regarding accurate timber inventory. No guarantees are given timber inventories. The reader is not expected to that methods will be appropriate or accurate under have any prior knowledge of the techniques or tools all circumstances. The authors and the University of necessary for measuring forests. Tennessee assume no liability regarding the use of the information contained within this publication or The publication is in two sections. The first part regarding decisions made or actions taken as a result provides background information, definitions and a of applying this material. general introduction to timber inventory. The second part contains step-by-step instructions for carrying out Part I – Introduction to Timber a timber inventory. Inventory A note of caution The methods and descriptions in this publication are What is timber inventory? not intended as a substitute for the work and advice Why is it done? of a professional forester. Professional foresters can tailor an inventory to your specific needs. Timber inventories are the main tool used to They can help you understand how an inventory determine the volume and value of standing trees on a may be inaccurate and provide margins of error for forested tract. -
Assessing Precision in Conventional Field Measurements of Individual Tree Attributes
Communication Assessing Precision in Conventional Field Measurements of Individual Tree Attributes Ville Luoma 1,4,*, Ninni Saarinen 1,4, Michael A. Wulder 2, Joanne C. White 2, Mikko Vastaranta 1,4, Markus Holopainen 1,4 and Juha Hyyppä 3,4 1 Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 27 (Latokartanonkaari 7), 00014 Helsinki, Finland; ninni.saarinen@helsinki.fi (N.S.); mikko.vastaranta@helsinki.fi (M.V.); markus.holopainen@helsinki.fi (M.H.) 2 Canadian Forest Service (Pacific Forestry Centre), Natural Resources Canada, 506 West Burnside Road, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada; [email protected] (M.A.W.); [email protected] (J.C.W.) 3 Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute FGI, National Land Survey, Geodeetinrinne 2, 04310 Masala, Finland; juha.hyyppa@nls.fi 4 Centre of Excellence in Laser Scanning Research, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute FGI, National Land Survey, 04310 Masala, Finland * Correspondence: ville.luoma@helsinki.fi; Tel.: +358-44-047-6070 Academic Editor: Timothy A. Martin Received: 16 December 2016; Accepted: 4 February 2017; Published: 8 February 2017 Abstract: Forest resource information has a hierarchical structure: individual tree attributes are summed at the plot level and then in turn, plot-level estimates are used to derive stand or large-area estimates of forest resources. Due to this hierarchy, it is imperative that individual tree attributes are measured with accuracy and precision. With the widespread use of different measurement tools, it is also important to understand the expected degree of precision associated with these measurements. The most prevalent tree attributes measured in the field are tree species, stem diameter-at-breast-height (dbh), and tree height.