Vom Erfinden Slavischer Sprachen
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Multilingualism As a Cohesion Factor in the European Culture
MULTILINGUALISM AS A COHESION FACTOR IN THE EUROPEAN CULTURE 1. EUROPEAN LANGUAGES Many European languages have their origins in three Indo-European language groups: the Romance languages from the Latin of the Roman Empire; the Germanic languages, whose original language was spoken in Southern Scandinavia, and the Slavic languages, derived from the Protoslav branch, which existed for over 3000 years before evolving into a variety of other languages during the period between the VI-IX centuries AD1. In general, all the current languages in Europe settled during the Middle Ages. Until then, the various languages had evolved rapidly because there was only a small percentage of people who could read and write. With so few people being able to read, it was normal for languages to be passed from generation to generation orally, making its evolutional process more expedient than what it currently is today. Romance languages were, and still to this day are spoken mainly in Southwestern Europe and in Romania and Moldova (Spanish, French, Portuguese and Italian are Romance languages, as well as other languages that are not so widespread as Catalan or Sardinian). Germanic languages have their roots in Northern and Northwestern Europe, and in some areas of Central Europe; to this group belong German, Dutch, Danish, Norwegian, Swedish and Icelandic, as well as Frisian, which is considered a minority language. Slavic languages are spoken in Central Europe, the Balkans, Russia and West of Russia. Because the area suffered numerous invasions over several centuries, languages were strongly differentiated from each other, which is the reason for the current division into three distinct groups: Western, Eastern and Southern. -
The Application of Multilingualism in the European Union - Rhetoric Question? Buda, Mariana
www.ssoar.info The application of multilingualism in the European Union - rhetoric question? Buda, Mariana Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Sammelwerksbeitrag / collection article Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Buda, M. (2010). The application of multilingualism in the European Union - rhetoric question? In L. Soproni, & I. Horga (Eds.), Media and European diversity (pp. 1-15). Brüssel: Bruylant. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168- ssoar-336303 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer CC BY-SA Lizenz (Namensnennung- This document is made available under a CC BY-SA Licence Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen) zur Verfügung gestellt. (Attribution-ShareAlike). For more Information see: Nähere Auskünfte zu den CC-Lizenzen finden Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.de L’APPLICATION DU MULTILINGUISME DANS L’UE – UN PROBLEME SANS ISSUE ? L’APPLICATION DU MULTILINGUISME DANS L’UNION EUROPÉENNE – UN PROBLÈME SANS ISSUE ? Mariana BUDA [email protected] Abstract. Multilingualism, one of the major problems in the new reality, is considered to be of crucial importance for the European Union, as multilingualism can be identified as the phenomenon leading to the cultural diversity and protects the disappearance of certain languages, mostly regional and minority languages. The treaties and the decrees within the European Union aim at preservation of cultural and linguistic identities of every country. At the same time, -
PDF Specimen Download
Norbert PDF Specimen Norbert; if everyone likes it, it’s mediocre. 18 related, not interpolated fonts by Philipp Neumeyer www.TypeMates.com www.TypeMates.com © Philipp Neumeyer, TypeMates. 04.2021 1 / 12 Norbert Specimen PDF Specimen Revolution Appropriate response to reality to go insane Брань не дым One person’s craziness is another person’s reality Momentous Schmal Mager Ҝ Mager Schmal Normal NOW Normal ↠ Schmal Fett THEN Fett R 0123456789 & www.TypeMates.com © Philipp Neumeyer, TypeMates. 04.2021 2 / 12 Norbert Information PDF Specimen Norbert About Norbert is not as naive as interpolated weights. Its char- Philipp Neumeyer expected. acter and versatility in identity A collection of extremes, and editorial work is a result Norbert reflects on how the of its styles being individually bundled-together styles of drawn, individually considered. early hot metal type families It is what it is. Not a work- were enriched by their con- horse, but a typeface that can tradictions and looks ahead. be delicate and rough for spe- The result is an unaffected cial occasions. As required, or Grotesque and everything you not. never needed. As with all TypeMates fonts, Harmonised without Norbert comes with exten- conformity, more familiar sive language support. Philipp than family, Norbert’s three was inspired by metal letters weights are in two widths: on a building in St Peters- condensed (Schmal) and ex- burg, so Norbert comes with tended (Breit), each comple- Cyrillics proofed, scrutinised mented by Kursiv and Kon- and tested by native experts. tra— backslanted—styles. Philipp hopes you care about Intentionally, Norbert has no Norbert’s extensive range of regular width, variable font, or arrows because he does. -
Department of Slavic and Eurasian Languages and Literatures 1
Department of Slavic and Eurasian Languages and Literatures 1 Department of Slavic Placement Students may establish eligibility for enrollment in the second course in Polish, Russian, or Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian by having earned and Eurasian Languages college credit in the first course in that language or by having studied the language in high school. Students with previous study should contact the and Literatures department to arrange a consultation about enrollment at the appropriate level. The Department of Slavic and Eurasian Languages & Literatures offers a complete curriculum of language, culture, literature, and linguistics Retroactive Credit courses for students interested not only in Russian, but also in Polish, Students with no prior college or university Russian course credit are Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian, Slovene, Ukrainian, and Turkish languages eligible for retroactive credit according to this formula: and cultures. The department also offers occasional coursework and independent study in Czech and other East European languages. • 3 hours of retroactive credit are awarded to a student with 2 or 3 years of high school Russian who enrolls initially at KU in a third-level The department offers three degrees: the B.A., the M.A., and the Ph.D. Russian course (RUSS 204) and receives a grade of C or higher. The Bachelor of Arts degree program offers fundamental training in • 6 hours of retroactive credit are awarded to a student with 3 or 4 years language and culture, while graduate training at the Masters and Doctoral of high school Russian who enrolls initially at KU in a fourth-level levels focuses on Russian literature and culture, Slavic linguistics, and/ Russian course (RUSS 208) and receives a grade of C or higher. -
Euromosaic III Touches Upon Vital Interests of Individuals and Their Living Conditions
Research Centre on Multilingualism at the KU Brussel E U R O M O S A I C III Presence of Regional and Minority Language Groups in the New Member States * * * * * C O N T E N T S Preface INTRODUCTION 1. Methodology 1.1 Data sources 5 1.2 Structure 5 1.3 Inclusion of languages 6 1.4 Working languages and translation 7 2. Regional or Minority Languages in the New Member States 2.1 Linguistic overview 8 2.2 Statistic and language use 9 2.3 Historical and geographical aspects 11 2.4 Statehood and beyond 12 INDIVIDUAL REPORTS Cyprus Country profile and languages 16 Bibliography 28 The Czech Republic Country profile 30 German 37 Polish 44 Romani 51 Slovak 59 Other languages 65 Bibliography 73 Estonia Country profile 79 Russian 88 Other languages 99 Bibliography 108 Hungary Country profile 111 Croatian 127 German 132 Romani 138 Romanian 143 Serbian 148 Slovak 152 Slovenian 156 Other languages 160 Bibliography 164 i Latvia Country profile 167 Belorussian 176 Polish 180 Russian 184 Ukrainian 189 Other languages 193 Bibliography 198 Lithuania Country profile 200 Polish 207 Russian 212 Other languages 217 Bibliography 225 Malta Country profile and linguistic situation 227 Poland Country profile 237 Belorussian 244 German 248 Kashubian 255 Lithuanian 261 Ruthenian/Lemkish 264 Ukrainian 268 Other languages 273 Bibliography 277 Slovakia Country profile 278 German 285 Hungarian 290 Romani 298 Other languages 305 Bibliography 313 Slovenia Country profile 316 Hungarian 323 Italian 328 Romani 334 Other languages 337 Bibliography 339 ii PREFACE i The European Union has been called the “modern Babel”, a statement that bears witness to the multitude of languages and cultures whose number has remarkably increased after the enlargement of the Union in May of 2004. -
Mutual Intelligibility and Slavic Constructed Interlanguages : a Comparative Study of Ruski Jezik and Interslavic
Mutual intelligibility and Slavic constructed interlanguages : a comparative study of Ruski Jezik and Interslavic ** Jade JOANNOT M.A Thesis in Linguistics Leiden university 2020-2021 Supervisor : Tijmen Pronk TABLE OF CONTENTS Jade Joannot M.A Thesis Linguistics 24131 words 1.1. Abstract 1.2. Definitions 1.2.1. Constructed languages 1.2.2. Interlanguage 1.2.3. Mutual intelligibility 1.3. Object of study 1.3.1. History of Slavic constructed languages Pan-Slavic languages (19th century) Esperanto-inspired projects Contemporary projects 1.3.2. Ruski Jezik & Interslavic Ruski Jezik (17th century) Interslavic (21th century) 1.3.3. Shared aspects of Ruski Jezik and Interslavic 1.4. Relevance of the study 1.4.1. Constructed languages and mutual intelligibility 1.4.2. Comparative study of Ruski Jezik and Interslavic 1.4.3. Historical linguistics 1.5. Structure of the thesis 1.5.1. Research question 1.8. Description of the method 1.8.1. Part 1 : Approaches to Slavic mutual intelligibility and their conclusions 1.8.2. Part 2 : Study of Ruski Jezik and Interslavic I.1. Factors of mutual intelligibility I.1.1. Extra-linguistic factors I.1.2. Linguistic predictors of mutual intelligibility I.1.2.1. Lexical distance I.1.2.2. Phonological distance I.1.2.3. Morphosyntactic distance I.1.2.3.1. Methods of measurements I.1.2.3.2. The importance of morphosyntax I.1.3. Conclusions I.2. Mutual intelligibility in the Slavic area I.2.1. Degree of mutual intelligibility of Slavic languages I.2.2. The case of Bulgarian 2 Jade Joannot M.A Thesis Linguistics 24131 words I.2.3. -
Les Drapeaux Des Langues Construites
Les Drapeaux des Langues Construites Patrice de La Condamine Résumé Depuis toujours, les hommes oscillent entre la préservation de leurs identités particulières et leur besoin d’appartenance à des communautés globales. L’idée d’universel et de recherche de la “fusion des origines” hante leur cœur. Dans cet esprit, des langues construites ont été élaborées. Qu’elles soient à vocation auxiliaire ou internationale, destinées à de vastes aires culturelles ou à but strictement philosophique. Des noms connus comme Volapük, Espéranto, Ido, Bolak, Interlingua, Occidental. Mais aussi Glosa, Kotava, Lingua Franca Nova, Atlango. Ou encore Folskpraat, Slovio, Nordien, Afrihili, Slovianski, Hedšdël. Sans parler du langage philosophique Lojban1. Le plus intéressant est de constater que toutes ces langues ont des drapeaux qui traduisent les messages et idéaux des groupes en question! La connaissance des drapeaux des langues construites est primordiale pour plusieurs raisons: elle nous permet de comprendre que tous les drapeaux sans exception délivrent des messages d’une part; que l’existence des drapeaux n’est pas forcément liée à l’unique notion de territoire d’autre part. Le drapeau est d’abord et avant tout, à travers son dessin et ses couleurs, un “territoire mental”. Après avoir montré et expliqué ces différents drapeaux2, nous conclurons avec la présentation du drapeau des Conlang, sorte d’ONU des Langues construites! Folkspraak Proceedings of the 24th International Congress of Vexillology, Washington, D.C., USA 1–5 August 2011 © 2011 North American Vexillological Association (www.nava.org) 1 Sélection de noms parmi d’autres. 2 Une trentaine environ. 175 LES DRAPEAUX DES LANGUES CONSTRUITES introduction A nous tous qui sommes réunis ici pour ce XXIVème Congrès International de la vexillologie à Washington, personne n’a plus besoin d’expliquer la nécessité vitale qu’ont les hommes de se représenter au moyen d’emblèmes, et nous savons la place primordiale qu’occupent les drapeaux dans cette fonction. -
Traditional Agriculture and Rural Living in Croatia: Compatible with the New Common Agricultural Policy?
Traditional Agriculture and Rural Living in Croatia: Compatible with the new Common Agricultural Policy? by Katarina Laura Dominkovi A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Anthropology Chapel Hill 2007 Approved by Carole Crumley, Advisor Glenn Hinson, Reader Paul Leslie, Reader Silvia Tomášková, Reader Bruce Winterhalder, Reader UMI Number: 3257567 UMI Microform 3257567 Copyright 2007 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346 © 2007 Katarina Laura Dominkovi ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT KATARINA LAURA DOMINKOVI4: Traditional Agriculture and Rural Living in Croatia: Compatible with the new Common Agricultural Policy? (Under the direction of Carole L. Crumley) This research explores the issues of family farming and sustainable practices at two levels. On one level, it compares and contrasts the sustainable farming practices of farming families in Štitar, Croatia with the smallholders as described by the theory of cultural ecology. On another level, it contrasts the European Union’s (EU) Common Agricultural Policy’s (CAP) vision of sustainability to that posited by cultural ecologists and it seeks to understand the reaction of Štitar farmers to the CAP. My research goal is to explore how the social, economic and environmental health and status of the village, which is influenced by local traditional ethics and agricultural practices, fits with the CAP goals of rural preservation and agricultural sustainability. -
SLAV-T252 Intro to Slavic Langs S2014 Syllabus-Final
Introduction to the Slavic Languages Dr. Jeff Holdeman SLAV-T252 33619 511 Ballantine Hall (Slavic office) Spring 2014 812-855-5891 MW 1:00–2:15 pm 132 Foster-Martin (Global Village office) Classroom SY 103 812-855-4251 5-4251 (from the GV front door call box) Office hours: Mon., Wed. 2:30–3:30 pm (BH 511) and most days by appointment (just e-mail me!) (It is always best to schedule an appointment.) [email protected]; 812-335-9868 (home) This syllabus is available in alternative formats upon request. Overview The Slavic languages form an important subgroup of Indo-European and are spoken from East and Central Europe, through the Balkans, and across northern Asia, and serve as a lingua franca across Central Asia. Its three branches are composed of over a dozen living languages and boast well over 400 million speakers. A range of linguistic approaches allow students to analyze new data, organize them according to varying criteria, and draw conclusions about the development and current state of the Slavic languages. Students acquire foundational concepts in linguistic analysis which they use to analyze a great array of language materials from modern Slavic languages, inductively writing rules which they then test with new data and drawing conclusions about the evolution of languages and the forces which shape them. However, rather than learn about these "exotic" languages through arbitrary rules, students are given data sets and different tasks to allow them to develop their own rules inductively, and then test those with additional data from other Slavic languages. -
1 Font Technical Documentation
Euclid Mono 1 font Technical Documentation Swiss Typefaces Euclid Mono Typeface Technical Documentation www.swisstypefaces.com/lab/ 1/9 Euclid Mono Typeface Overview 1 font, Latin Euclid Mono When a typeface is expanded to include a monos- paced style, this usually means: Letterforms get squeezed into a straitjacket, with added bars on ‘i’ and Euclid ‘l’ – and that’s it. To Swiss Typefaces, “usually” is a fo- reign word, though. Euclid Mono Vanguard brings a distinct style to the table, expanding the palette of typographic expres- sion. It redefines what a geometric mono can be, while Mono staying true to the Euclid spirit. The accelerating forms for ‘S’/‘s’ and ‘Z’/‘z’ thwart any rigidity that may be caused by the fixed widths. ‘M’ and ‘W’/‘w’ have diago- nals, but not like you’d think. Together with the capital ligatures, they represent a contemporary nod to the special features of Avant Garde Gothic, a milestone of Vanguard geometric type design that keeps providing inspiration half a century after its release. There are alts for those dancing glyphs, but don’t ex- pect to find a safe fallback. Circle + right angle: ‘Q’ sums up the Euclidian mindset. Swiss Typefaces Euclid Mono Typeface Technical Documentation www.swisstypefaces.com/lab/ 2/9 Euclid Mono Typeface Overview Euclid Mono cs MAX ri ez WVY we Swiss Typefaces Euclid Mono Typeface Technical Documentation www.swisstypefaces.com/lab/ 3/9 Euclid Mono Glyph Overview Uppercase (Latin) Figures OT Stylistic Set 1: Mirrored ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOP 1234567890 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOP QRSTUVWXYZ QRSTUVWXYZ ÀÁÂÃÄÅĀĂĄÆÇĆČĈĊĎ Standard Ligatures (Latin) abcdefghijklmnop ĐÈÉËĔÊĚĒĘĖĞĜĠĢĦĤ fi fl qrstuvwxyz ÌÍÎÏĬİĪĮĨỊĴĶĹĽĻĿ Punctuation ŁÑŊŃŇŅÒÓÔÕÖØŎŐŌỌ OT Stylistic Set 2: Capital Ligatures ŒÙÚÛÜŬŮŰŪŲŨỤŔŘŖŚ !?¡¿*#%&@/),-–— GOMOOCOGOMOOOWWO ŠŞŜȘŦŤŢẂŴẄẀẄÝŶŸȲ _.:;…·[\]|«»‹›‘ ŹŽŻÞẞƏ ’“”‚„°•'" Euclid Mono offers two Stylistic Sets. -
Benjamin Whorf Was a Man with Many In- Terests, Including Botany, Astrology, Ciphers, Mexican History, Mayan Archaeology, Photo- Graphy and Linguistics
Parrot Time The Thinking of Speaking Issue #3 May/June 2013 VVooyynniicchh MMaannuussccrriipptt HHoollii CCeelleebbrraattiioonnss TThhrroouugghhoouutt IInnddiiaa BBeennjjaammiinn WWhhoorrff aanndd tthhee RReellaattiivviittyy ooff LLaanngguuaaggee LLaanngguuaaggeess IInn PPeerriill KKaasshhuubbiiaann,, RRuussyynn LLaanngguuaaggee LLeeaarrnniinngg and Silesian TThhrroouugghh CCllaasssseess and Silesian AA LLaanngguuaaggee DDrreeaamm LLooookk bbeeyyoonndd wwhhaatt yyoouu kknnooww Parrot Time is your connection to languages, linguistics and culture from the Parleremo community. Expand your understanding. Never miss an issue. Contents Parrot Time Parrot Time is a magazine covering language, linguistics Features and culture of the world around us. 06 The Voynich Manuscript - Cryptic Codex It is published by Scriveremo Publishing, a division of This medieval book contains bizarre illustrations and a Parleremo, the language learning mysterious script which no one has been able to translate. Is it community. a fantastical look at the world around us, or some bizarre hoax? Join Parleremo today. Learn a language, make friends, have fun. 1 4 Benjamin Whorf - Relativity of Language Whorf took a very unconventional approach to studying lin- guistics, both in the manner in which he started and the views he took. His work extended into several fields and he pursued everything with a fierce passion for answers to the world. Editor: Erik Zidowecki Email: [email protected] 39 A Language Dream Published by Scriveremo Publish- A guest writer tells us about a language dream he had one ing, a division of Parleremo. night. This issue is available online from http://www.parrottime.com The editor reserves the right to 40 Revisited - Words From National Character edit all material submitted. Views There are many words that we have adopted into English expressed in Parrot Time are not necessarily the official views of regarding other people's of the world. -
INTERSLAVIC Zonal Constructed Language
INTERSLAVIC zonal constructed language an introduction for English-speakers Interslavic zonal constructed language is an auxiliary language, which looks very similar to real spoken Slavic languages in Central and Eastern Europe and continues the tradition of the Old Church Slavonic language. Interslavic shares grammar and common vocabulary with modern spoken Slavic languages in order to build a universal language tool that Slavic people can understand without any or with very minimal prior learning. It is an easily-learned language for those who want to use this language actively. Interslavic ena- bles passive (e.g. receptive) understanding of the real Slavic languages. Non-Slavic people can use Interslavic as the door to the big Slavic world. Zonal constructed languages are constructed languages made to facilitate communica- tion between speakers of a certain group of closely related languages. They belong to the international auxiliary languages, but unlike languages like Esperanto and Volapük they are not intended to serve for the whole world, but merely for a limited linguistic or geo- graphic area where they take advantage of the fact that the people of this zone understand these languages without having to learn them in a difficult way. Zonal languages include the ancient Sanskirt, Old Church Slavonic, and Lingua Franca. Zonal design can be partially found also in modern languages such as contemporary Hebrew, Indonesian, and Swahili. Vojtěch Merunka Prague, February 2018 ISO-690 citation example MERUNKA, Vojtěch. Interslavic zonal constructed language - an introduction for English-speakers. Lukáš Lhoťan publishing, 1st ed. Prague 2018. ISBN (print) 978-80-907004-9-9 ISBN (e-book) 978-80-904932-7-8 Support for this book Was provided by the multi-genre international festival Days of Slavic culture, organised annuallY bY the Slavic Union of the Czech Republic.