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Biology 1030-002 Practice Exam 2 SPRING 2008

Multiple Choice - Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. Seed : A) are always heterosporous B) can be either homosporous or heterosporous C) are always homosporous ____ 2. In the pressure flow hypothesis of phloem movement, loading of carbohydrates like sucrose into the phloem occurs by: A) active transport D) diffusion of water into the xylem B) proton pumping E) osmosis C) suction from “unloading” at a sink ____ 3. Heterostyle, dichogamy, having separate sexes, and having staminate and pistillate flowers are all means that some flowering plants use to promote: A) asexual reproduction D) seed dispersal B) outcrossing E) self-pollination C) genetic self-incompatibility ____ 4. Which of the following is FALSE about Animalia? A) All actively move throughout their . B) Adult animals are multicellular. C) No cells have walls. D) All animals are heterotrophs. E) All animals are . ____ 5. Members of this of bilateral acoelomate worms are parasites. They have a head modified into a scolex with hooks and suckers for attaching to places like the intestinal wall of hosts. They have no digestive tract, but instead absorb food through their skin. Most of their body is a series of hermaphroditic units called proglottids. A) (flukes) D) (tapeworms) B) Cephalopoda () E) Scyphozoa () C) Hydrozoa (hydroids) ____ 6. Which of the following is NOT found exclusively in angiosperms ( Anthophyta)? A) seeds D) flowers B) triploid endosperm E) stamens C) true fruits ____ 7. This phylum of vascular, seed-bearing plants has only about 70 living species in three genera: Welwitschia, Ephedra, and Gnetum. They are the only gymnosperms with xylem containing vessels, a trait common in an- giosperms. A) Pterophyta (ferns) D) Coniferophyta () B) (gnetophytes) E) Ginkgophyta (ginkgos) C) Cycadophyta ()

Figure 38-1 ____ 8. The root structure or zone indicated by (5) in the diagram above (Figure 38-1) is where cell specializations such as formation of root hairs occur. It is called the: A) zone of elongation D) suberin B) zone of maturation E) zone of cell division C) root cap ____ 9. Which is the correct of terms for embryonic development in most animals? A) gastrulablastulazygotemorula B) zygotegastrulablastulamorula C) zygoteblastulamorulagastrula D) blastulazygotemorula gastrula E) zygotemorulablastulagastrula ____ 10. The tissue type that gives rise to all other plant tissues or cell types is: A) D) ground tissue B) meristem E) vascular tissue C) protodermis ____ 11. If you see a yellow flower with "nectar guide" stripes best seen in ultraviolet light and with a strong, sweet odor, it is likely pollinated by: A) birds D) flies B) moths E) the wind C) bees ____ 12. The first cell of the triploid (3N) endosperm of a typical angiosperm seed is formed from: A) two sperm fused with an antipodal D) two sperm fused with an egg B) one sperm fused with an egg E) a special cell from the embryo suspensor C) one sperm fused with polar nuclei ____ 13. Members of this phylum have radial symmetry and nematocysts; they may have both polyp and medusa forms as adults, and many are bioluminescent. A) Nematoda (roundworms) D) Porifera () B) (comb jellies or sea walnuts) E) Cnideria (stinging-celled animals) C) Rotifera () ____ 14. A (or eucoelom) is a fluid-filled body cavity directly: A) between and ectoderm D) surrounded by endoderm B) between endoderm and ectoderm E) surrounded by mesoderm C) between mesoderm and endoderm ____ 15. A plant with netlike veins and floral parts in four or five would be classified as: A) a monocot. D) a gymnosperm. B) a eudicot. E) a bryophyte. C) a gnetophyte. ____ 16. A flower that develops with only sepals, stamens, and carpels (no petals) is: A) complete and perfect C) complete and imperfect B) incomplete and imperfect D) incomplete and perfect ____ 17. In seed plants the ______generation is dominant. A) haploid gametophyte B) diploid gametophyte C) diploid sporophyte D) haploid sporophyte E) triploid endosperm ____ 18. What tissue conducts water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the stems and leaves? A) periderm D) phloem B) collenchyma E) epidermis C) xylem ____ 19. For most plants, the preferred soil type is a mix of mineral types that hold water well but not too well. This type of soil is called: A) fallow D) clay B) sand E) loam C) humus ____ 20. Pine pollen is primarily disseminated by: A) wind. D) beetles. B) moths. E) birds. C) water. ____ 21. Trees that live in normally flooded areas such as swamps often have special modified root parts that rise above the water and are used for gas exchange. Such roots are called: A) water storage roots D) pneumatophores B) buttress roots E) contractile roots C) aerial roots ____ 22. Phototropism is primary controlled by which plant hormone? A) gibberellin D) abscisic acid B) ethylene E) auxin C) cytokinin ____ 23. A Trichinella infection (trichinosis) is most common in persons who: A) eat undercooked pork. D) walk barefoot in a cow pasture. B) eat undercooked fish. E) walk barefoot in a rice field. C) eat undercooked beef. ____ 24. have undergone 4 key transitions in body plan during the course of evolution. Which of the fol- lowing is NOT one of those key transitions? A) development of from B) development of bilateral symmetry C) development of a body cavity D) development of a segmented body plan E) All of the above are key transitions in Eumetazoa ____ 25. Which hormone stimulates both leaf abscission and fruit ripening? A) auxin D) cytokinin B) gibberellin E) abscisic acid C) ethylene ____ 26. Which of the following is (are) NOT true of typical plant development? A) Growing tips and zones are present throughout the plant’s life. B) Plant bodies do not have a fixed final size. C) Final plant form is not influenced by the environment. D) Both (a) and (b). E) Both (b) and (c). ____ 27. Members of this phylum of vascular, seed-bearing plants are limited to one living species, with separate male and female trees. Although not a , they are deciduous. They are often planted on city streets (such as College Street in Auburn) because they are highly resistant to air pollution. Males are preferred be- cause the females make seed pods that smell like rancid butter. A) Pterophyta (ferns) D) Cycadophyta (cycads) B) Coniferophyta (conifers) E) Ginkgophyta (ginkgos) C) Gnetophyta (gnetophytes) ____ 28. Seed coats, which functions to protect plant embryos and allow them to stay dormant, are formed by: A) 3N cells from the endosperm B) 1N cells from the female gametophyte parent C) 1N cells from the sporophyte that gave rise to the female gametophyte parent D) 2N cells from the embryo E) 2N cells from the sporophyte that gave rise to the female gametophyte parent

Figure 42-1

Use the figure to answer the following questions:

____ 29. Refer to the flower diagram (Figure 42-1) above. The typical function of the flower part labeled (8) is: A) reproductive (female structure) D) to attract pollinators B) to produce fruit E) to protect the immature flower C) reproductive (male structure) ____ 30. Refer to the flower diagram (Figure 42-1) above. The structure labeled (7) is a member of which whorl? A) gynoecium D) calyx B) perianth E) androecium C) corolla ____ 31. A grass with small, greenish, odorless flowers that have no petals and that make copious amounts of pollen is most likely pollinated by: A) flies D) moths B) bees E) the wind C) birds

____ 32. The leaf shown above is: A) palmately compound C) palmately simple B) pinnately compound D) pinnately simple

____ 33. Above is a woody eudicot stem cross-section. The correct order of these layers, from 1 (outermost) to 4 (in- nermost), is: A) primary xylem, secondary xylem, secondary phloem, primary phloem B) secondary phloem, primary phloem, primary xylem, secondary xylem C) primary phloem, secondary phloem, secondary xylem, primary xylem D) primary phloem, secondary xylem, secondary phloem, primary xylem E) secondary phloem, primary xylem, secondary xylem, primary phloem ____ 34. The term “gymnosperm” means: A) naked egg D) active sperm B) covered egg E) covered sperm C) naked seed ____ 35. The members of this class have a dominant polyp form, usually with no medusae. Many have a hard calcium carbonate exoskeleton and have a mutualistic relationship with algae. A) Hydrozoa (hydroids) D) (sea anemones and corals) B) Cubozoa (box jellyfish) E) Trematoda (flukes) C) Scyphozoa (jellyfish) ____ 36. The tissue that directly gives rise to secondary phloem and secondary xylem is: A) endodermis D) ground meristem B) vascular cambium E) protodermis C) apical meristem ____ 37. Asymmetry, choanocytes, filter feeding, osculum, and spicules are all terms associated with which phylum? A) Nermetea (ribbon worms) D) Platyhelminthes () B) Porifera (sponges) E) Ctenophora (comb jellies or sea walnuts) C) Rotifera (rotifers) ____ 38. Of the following farming practices to replenish soil fertility, which is most likely to pollute water supplies and damage ecosystems? A) adding commercial fertilizers D) plowing under plant material B) crop rotation E) use of organic fertilizers C) leaving fields fallow ____ 39. Ground tissue cells specialized mainly for performing photosynthesis are called: A) guard cells D) collenchyma B) sclerenchyma E) trichomes C) chlorenchyma ____ 40. This phylum of vascular, cone-bearing seed plants is the group of gymnosperms with the most species. Many members have needle-shaped leaves with thick cuticles and are thus adapted to dry conditions. This phylum includes the oldest tree (the Bristlecone Pine) and the tallest plant (the Coastal Redwood). A) Ginkgophyta (ginkgos) D) Cycadophyta (cycads) B) Gnetophyta (gnetophytes) E) Coniferophyta (conifers) C) Pterophyta (ferns) ____ 41. Which of the following elements is a macronutrient in plants? A) U D) Ca B) Cu E) Mn C) Na ____ 42. Which structure is found at the base of true leaves, between the leaf petiole or base and the stem to which the leaf is attached? A) cotyledon D) tendril B) rosette E) axillary bud C) lenticel ____ 43. This phylum of acoelomate animals has three classes, two of which consist of organisms that are exclusively parasitic. Members of this phylum have an excretory system consisting of small tubules lined with ciliated flame cells. Not all have a digestive tract; in those that do, it is incomplete, with one opening that is both the and anus. A) Platyhelminthes (flatworms) D) Annelida (segmented worms) B) Nematoda (roundworms) E) Rotifera (rotifers) C) Nermetea (ribbon worms) ____ 44. What tissue in vascular plants would be used to move items such as sucrose and hormones from roots to the stems and leaves? A) xylem D) phloem B) collenchyma E) periderm C) epidermis ____ 45. When leaves occur in pairs at a stem node, with each member of the pair clearly having its own axillary bud, the arrangement of the leaves is considered to be: A) palmate. D) opposite. B) alternate. E) whorled. C) pinnate. ____ 46. If you see a red flower with a long, thick floral tube that produces copious amount of nectar but that produces little or no odor, it is likely pollinated by: A) bees D) birds B) moths E) flies C) the wind ____ 47. These “carnivorous” plants have trichomes that secrete sticky substances and digestive . Their leaves often curl around trapped insects. A) butterworts (Penguicula) B) sundews (Drosera) C) Venus flytrap (Dionaea) D) bladderworts (Utricularia) E) pitcher plants (Sarracenia and others) ____ 48. According to most modern cladograms for angiosperms, which of the following represents a sister group to the rest of the angiosperms? A) monocots D) dicots B) eudicots E) magnolias C) Amborella ____ 49. The absorption of water by root hairs is accomplished by: A) active transport of water, followed by ions coming in by osmosis B) active transport of both water and ions C) active transport of ions, followed by water coming in by osmosis D) osmosis of both ions and water ____ 50. Growth from apical meristems, generally resulting in an increase in the length of a plant, is referred to as: A) horizontal growth. D) apical growth. B) longitudinal growth. E) primary growth. C) secondary growth. ____ 51. Members of this phylum have radial symmetry. Many are bioluminescent. Some use to capture prey. They have characteristic plates of fused cilia that they use for movement, making them the largest ani- mals to use cilia as their primary means of locomotion. A) Porifera (sponges) D) Ctenophora (comb jellies or sea walnuts) B) Nermetea (ribbon worms) E) Cnideria (stinging-celled animals) C) Nematoda (roundworms) ____ 52. Members of this phylum of vascular, seed-bearing plants have the largest sperm known. Many look like palm trees, but they reproduce using cones (some have female cones as nearly as heavy as many adult humans). They were a dominant plant group in the Mesozoic era. A) Anthophyta (flowering plants) D) Gnetophyta (gnetophytes) B) Coniferophyta (conifers) E) Ginkgophyta (ginkgos) C) Cycadophyta (cycads) ____ 53. The aspirin-like compound salicylic acid is often classified as a plant hormone; in plants it is involved in: A) stem elongation B) plant defense responses against pathogens C) closing stomata D) inhibiting lateral root growth E) promoting fruit ripening ____ 54. Which of the following is true in the angiosperm life cycle? A) both gametophytes and sporophytes are totally independent from each other and are equally dominant B) gametophytes are photosynthetic and partially independent from the sporophytes C) gametophytes are free-living and photosynthetic, but are replaced by a dominant sporophyte generation D) sporophytes are totally dependent on the gametophytes E) gametophytes are totally dependent on the sporophytes ____ 55. Which of the following is (are) NOT true of typical plant development? A) Growing tips and zones are present throughout the plant’s life. B) Plant bodies do not have a fixed final size. C) Final plant form is not influenced by the environment. D) Both (a) and (b). E) Both (b) and (c). ____ 56. An advantage of a coelom over a pseudocoelom is that a coelom: A) provides for a separate mouth and anus B) allows bilateral symmetry C) does not require a D) allows development of a more complex digestive tract E) provides cephalization ____ 57. Some plants, such as legumes, have specialized root nodules where live in a mutualistic symbiotic re- lationship with the plant. These bacteria help mainly by: A) digesting insects that the plant has captured B) converting phosphorous to a form that the plant can use C) fixing nitrogen into compounds that the plant can use D) assisting with micronutrient uptake by the plant E) assisting with the uptake of water by the plant ____ 58. Fleshy edible fruits usually aid seed dispersal by: A) falling directly under the parent plant B) catching in the hair or feathers of animals C) being buried by animals D) being eaten by E) blowing off in the wind ____ 59. Members of this phylum are found mostly in freshwater. They have a ciliated food-gathering at the tip of their head called a corona. The beating of the cilia gives the appearance of a turning wheel. Some mem- bers of this phylum make extensive use of parthenogenesis for reproduction. A) Nematoda (roundworms) D) Porifera (sponges) B) Ctenophora (comb jellies or sea walnuts) E) Rotifera (rotifers) C) Cnideria (stinging-celled animals) ____ 60. In the process of fertilization in conifers, the pollen tube grows to the: A) pollen grains. D) antheridium. B) archegonium. E) microsporangia. C) microspores. ANSWERS

1. A 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. B 9. E 10. B 11. C 12. C 13. E 14. E 15. B 16. D 17. C 18. C 19. E 20. A 21. D 22. E 23. A 24. E 25. C 26. C 27. E 28. E 29. D 30. E 31. E 32. B 33. C 34. C 35. D 36. B 37. B 38. A 39. C 40. E 41. D 42. E 43. A 44. D 45. D 46. D 47. B 48. C 49. C 50. E 51. D 52. C 53. B 54. E 55. C 56. D 57. C 58. D 59. E 60. B