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Home , Animal, Cnidaria, Ctenophora, Mollusca, Phylum, Turbellaria

Cladogram of What is an ? • Multicellular, • ______, eukaryotic • Cells lack wall, held together by structural () • Contain nervous and muscle • Most reproduce sexually with a dominant diploid stage Development

• () • • ______• Gastrula – Blastopore – – Two layers of tissue ( & ) Animal Phylogeny Overview

• Organization Level • Body • Body Cavities • Development • Group of cells working to perform a function that are separated by membranous Organization Level layers • Cellular Level vs. Tissue Level – Cellular Level: Porifera () – Tissue Level: all others Body Symmetry • Radial vs. Bilateral – Radial Symmetry: & – Bilateral Symmetry: all others Body Cavities – ______: Platyhelminthes () – Pseudocoelomates: Nematoda (roundworms) – Coelomates: all others Development • ______vs. vs. Deuterostomes

• Cleavage • Cleavage – Spiral and – Radial and Determinate Indeterminate • Formation • Coelom Formation – Schizocoelous – Enterocoelous • Fate of Blastopore • Fate of Blastopore – – Development • Protostomes vs. Deuterostomes – Protostomes: • (, ) • Annelida (segmented ) • Arthropoda (, ) – Deuterostomes • Echinodermata______(Seastars) • Chordata () ______Segmentation

• Mollusca (soft - unsegmented) • Annelida (soft – segmented) • Arthropoda (hard – segmented) • Chordata (segmented) Tissues

Groups of cells with a common structure and function separated by a membrane Tissues • Epithelial Tissue – tightly packed cells used for lining – (stratified Squamous, Simple Columnar) • ______Tissue – cells scattered through an (, , Cartilage) • – transmits signals () • Muscle Tissue – fibers for contraction (smooth, skeletal, cardiac) ______Larva Lophophorate ______Porifera • Cellular level of organization • Mostly marine – 9000 (only 100 are freshwater) • Asymmetrical and Sessile • • Often live in groups – called a “sleeze” Euglenas Kinetoplastids Porifera

• Cellular Level of Organization – ______Choanocyte : flagellated cells – ______Amoebocyte : pseudopodia Porifera • – spicules (calcium or silica) – spongin () Porifera

• Movement – ______(flagellated spongocoel) • ostia - spongocoel- osculum Porifera

• Water Movement – ______Sycnoid (flagellated radial canals) • ostia - incurrent canal - prosopyle - radial canal - apopyle - spongocoel - osculum Porifera

• Water Movement – ______Leuconoid (flagellated chambers) • ostia - incurrent canal - flagellated chamber - excurrent canal - osculum Classification

• : Calcarea – Calcium ______– asconoid, syconoid, leuconoid Classification

• Class: Hexactinellidae – silica spicules – syconoid, leuconoid Classification

• Class: Demospongiae – silica spicules and/or ______– leuconoid Radial Symmetry

• Includes the : Cnidaria – (hydras, jellies, anemones, and ) • Includes the phylum: Ctenophora – (comb jellies) • Tissue-system level of organization • ______– Endoderm – Ectoderm Body Forms • Cnidaria contain two body forms with a (______Polyp and ______)Medusa

• ______Nematocyst – thread with barbs • Cnidocil – trigger Classification

• Class: – (Portuguese man-of-war, , ) • Class: – (Jellies) • Class: – (Sea Anemones, , Sea fans, Sea pansies) • Class: Cubozoa Hydrozoa Class: Hydrozoa • Most are marine • Most species contain both a and medusa stage • Polyp stage often colonial • – asexual: – sexual: and larvae ()

Class: Scyphozoa Class: Scyphozoa Class: Scyphozoa

• All are marine • Polyp stage reduced or absent • Medusa stage is free living • Common name: sea jellies Class: Anthozoa • All are marine • Polyp stage dominant • No medusa stage Class: ______

• Box Jellies • Complex embedded in medusa stage • Sea – can kill 60 people Class: Anthozoa Phylum: Ctenophora • Comb Jellies • Contain comb plates with cilia – largest animal to move with cilia • with ______(adhesive cells) Phylum: Platyhelminthes • Flatworms • Acoelomates • Gastrovascular Cavities • -system level of organization • Triploblastic Classification

• Class: – () • Class: – (Monogenes - one ) • Class: – (Flukes) • Class: Cestoidea – (Tapeworms) Class: Turbellaria

• Free-living and mostly marine • • Gastrovascular cavity • Class: Turbellaria Class: Turbellaria Class: Monogenea

• Parasitic (One host) • parasites Class: Trematoda

• Endoparasitic flukes • Two hosts • Female fits into groove on males body Enters through skin and moves to intestine (Blood Fluke) invert host - (Africa, South America, West India) symptoms: pain, anemia, dysentery

______Miracidia

Cercariae______Larva Clonorchis

• enters by eating raw fish and moves to bile ducts (Liver Fluke) – invert host - snail (, Asia, Japan) – symptoms: cirrhosis of the liver, Class: Trematoda

• Swimmer’s dermatitis: larvae enters skin – larvae in skin, can’t complete cycle in Class: Cestoidea

• Endoparasitic tapeworms • Body parts – ______– scolex with hooks and suckers saginata

• tapeworms (adult) undercooked beef

• tapeworms (adult) undercooked pork latum

• Fish tapeworm (adult) – undercooked fish

• tapeworm (adult) – undercooked dog • Unilocular hydatid (cyst) – association with and Pseudocoelomates

• Includes the Phyla: Rotifera & Nematoda • False Cavity – store – movement – – for organ development Phylum: Rotifera • Mostly freshwater • Ring of cilia around mouth • Jaws with complete alimentary canal • ______Lophophorate Phyla • P. Ectoprocta (Bryozoans) - colonial and -like • P. P h o r o n i d s - marine tube worms • P. B r a c h i o p o d s - lamp shells Phylum:

• Worms (ribbon) – closed – complete digestive tract – proboscis Phylum: Nematoda

• Unsegmented, round with tapered ends • Complete alimentary canal • decomposers, agricultural pests, parasites

• Hookworm ( into skin and moves to intestine) ______Enterobius

• (pick up from anus or dust with eggs) ______Ascaris

• roundworm (pick up eggs in ) ______Trichinella

• Trichina (pick up from infected muscle in pork) ______Wuchereria

• blocks lymph channels • pick up from mosquitoes ______Wuchereria

• Causes elephantiasis Dracunuclus

• Guinea Worm