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4/14/2014

Kingdom Animalia:

Phylum Porifera () and

Phylum Cnidaria (, sea anemones and )

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Animals have different types of symmetry

AsymmetricalÆ

Radial Æ

Bilateral Æ

Embryo development provides information about how groups are related

Blastula: hallow with a single layer of cells

Gastrula: results in two layers of cells and cavity (gut) with one opening (blastopore)

Cavity reaches the other side and the gut is like a tube

Some cells from a third layer of cells

A second cavityyg forms between the gut and the outside of the animal

2 4/14/2014

Animals have different number of true tissue layers and different type of gut

No true tissuesÆ

Two tissue layers Æ

Three tissue layersÆ

No gutÆ

Sac like gutÆ

Tube like gutÆ

Phylum Porifera: Simplest of Animals Sponges: No tissues, no symmetry Intracellular , no digestive system or cavity Collar cells or choanocytes Support by spicules or spongin fibers

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Procedure 1

• Grantia Locate osculum

• Sponge spicules

Bell Labs Research on Deep-Sea Sponge Yields Substantial Mechanical Engineering Insights

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Medications from Sponges

Thirty percent of all potential new natural medicine has been isolated in sponges.

About 75% of the recently registered and patented material to fight cancer comes from sponges. Furthermore, it appears that medicine from sponges helps, for example, asthma and psoriasis; therefore it offers enormous possibilities for research.

Eribulin, a novel chemotherapy drug derived from a sea sponge, improves survival in heavily-pretreated metastatic breast cancer.

Phylum Cnidaria

Coral

Sea Anemone

Man-of-war

Jellyfish

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Phylum Cnidaria

Tissues: Endoderm

Type of gut:

Symmetry: Radial

Cnidocytes or Stinging cells

Polyp or Medusa form

Importance Some jellyfish are considered a delicacy

Corals: Medicines cabinets for the 21st century cancer inhibitor

Sunscreen

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Procedure 2 2. Label (sac like gut)

is it a or medusa?

Procedure 2 3. Live Hydra Label mouth, tentacles, body stalk, gastrovascular cavity

is it a poly or medusa?

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Procedure 2: 4. Other cnidarians

jar with portugese man-of-war

in

5. , sketch and label the scar where one polyp was attached

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