Sponges) and Phylum Cnidaria (Jellyfish, Sea Anemones and Corals

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4/14/2014 Kingdom Animalia: Phylum Porifera (sponges) and Phylum Cnidaria (jellyfish, sea anemones and corals) 1 4/14/2014 Animals have different types of symmetry AsymmetricalÆ Radial Æ Bilateral Æ Embryo development provides information about how animal groups are related Blastula: hallow with a single layer of cells Gastrula: results in two layers of cells and cavity (gut) with one opening (blastopore) Cavity reaches the other side and the gut is like a tube Some cells from a third layer of cells A second cavityyg forms between the gut and the outside of the animal 2 4/14/2014 Animals have different number of true tissue layers and different type of gut No true tissuesÆ Two tissue layers Æ Three tissue layersÆ No gutÆ Sac like gutÆ Tube like gutÆ Phylum Porifera: Simplest of Animals Sponges: No tissues, no symmetry Intracellular digestion, no digestive system or cavity Collar cells or choanocytes Support by spicules or spongin fibers 3 4/14/2014 Procedure 1 • Grantia sponge Locate osculum • Sponge spicules Bell Labs Research on Deep-Sea Sponge Yields Substantial Mechanical Engineering Insights 4 4/14/2014 Medications from Sponges Thirty percent of all potential new natural medicine has been isolated in sponges. About 75% of the recently registered and patented material to fight cancer comes from sponges. Furthermore, it appears that medicine from sponges helps, for example, asthma and psoriasis; therefore it offers enormous possibilities for research. Eribulin, a novel chemotherapy drug derived from a sea sponge, improves survival in heavily-pretreated metastatic breast cancer. Phylum Cnidaria Coral Sea Anemone Man-of-war Hydra Jellyfish 5 4/14/2014 Phylum Cnidaria Tissues: Endoderm Ectoderm Type of gut: Symmetry: Radial Cnidocytes or Stinging cells Polyp or Medusa form Importance Some jellyfish are considered a delicacy Corals: Medicines cabinets for the 21st century cancer cell inhibitor Sunscreen 6 4/14/2014 Procedure 2 2. Gonionemus Label gastrovascular cavity (sac like gut) Tentacles is it a polyp or medusa? Procedure 2 3. Live Hydra Label mouth, tentacles, body stalk, gastrovascular cavity is it a poly or medusa? 7 4/14/2014 Procedure 2: 4. Other cnidarians jar with portugese man-of-war sea anemone in aquarium 5. Coral, sketch and label the scar where one polyp was attached 8.

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Comprehensive Phylogenomic Analyses Resolve Cnidarian Relationships and the Origins of Key Organismal Traits
Comprehensive phylogenomic analyses resolve cnidarian relationships and the origins of key organismal traits Ehsan Kayal1,2, Bastian Bentlage1,3, M. Sabrina Pankey5, Aki H. Ohdera4, Monica Medina4, David C. Plachetzki5*, Allen G. Collins1,6, Joseph F. Ryan7,8* Authors Institutions: 1. Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution 2. UPMC, CNRS, FR2424, ABiMS, Station Biologique, 29680 Roscoff, France 3. Marine Laboratory, university of Guam, UOG Station, Mangilao, GU 96923, USA 4. Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA 5. Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA 6. National Systematics Laboratory, NOAA Fisheries, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution 7. Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, St Augustine, FL, USA 8. Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA PeerJ Preprints | https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.3172v1 | CC BY 4.0 Open Access | rec: 21 Aug 2017, publ: 21 Aug 20171 Abstract Background: The phylogeny of Cnidaria has been a source of debate for decades, during which nearly all-possible relationships among the major lineages have been proposed. The ecological success of Cnidaria is predicated on several fascinating organismal innovations including symbiosis, colonial body plans and elaborate life histories, however, understanding the origins and subsequent diversification of these traits remains difficult due to persistent uncertainty surrounding the evolutionary relationships within Cnidaria. While recent phylogenomic studies have advanced our knowledge of the cnidarian tree of life, no analysis to date has included genome scale data for each major cnidarian lineage. Results: Here we describe a well-supported hypothesis for cnidarian phylogeny based on phylogenomic analyses of new and existing genome scale data that includes representatives of all cnidarian classes.
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On Some Hydroids (Cnidaria) from the Coast of Pakistan
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Cnidarian Immunity and the Repertoire of Defense Mechanisms in Anthozoans
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Current Understanding of the Circadian Clock Within Cnidaria 31
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CNIDARIA Corals, Medusae, Hydroids, Myxozoans
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Animal Evolution: Trichoplax, Trees, and Taxonomic Turmoil
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A Review of Toxins from Cnidaria
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Stem Cell Dynamics in Cnidaria: Are There Unifying Principles?
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How Cnidaria Got Its Cnidocysts
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Porifera, Cnidaria, Ctenophora, Platyhelminthes, Rotifera, Annelida
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Marine Flora and Fauna of the Northeastern United States. Cnidaria: Scyphozoa
NOAA Technical Report NMFS Circular 397 Marine Flora and Fauna of the Northeastern United States. Cnidaria: Scyphozoa Ronald J. Larson August 1976 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Elliot l. Richardson, Secretary National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Rob\~rt M. White, Administrator National Marine Fisheries Service Robert W. Schoning, Director t'ot Sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. GO'o'crnment Printing Office Wo,hington. D.C. 20~02 - Stock No. 003.017-00387 ,'., NOAA FOAM 25-13 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 12-73) BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA SHEET NATIONAL OCEANIC AtJD Al'MOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION 1. NOAA ACCE:;SION NUMBER 2 3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NUMBER NOAA-7610l8l5 1 • 1 • 4. TITLE AND SL,'ST:TLE S. REPO~T DATE Marine Flora and Fauna of the North~astern United States. Au!! 1976 Cnidaria: Scyphozoa 6. 7. AUTHOR!SI 8. REPORT NO. Ronald J. Larson CU.S. National Museum, Washington. DC) NOAA-TR-NMFS Circular ~~7 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROJECT/TASK NO. NOM, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, WA, 181 CJ S' 11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO. Scientific Publications Staff 12, SPONSORING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD Same COVERED 1'~~h Rent' 14. 15. PUBLICATION REFERENCE NOAA Technical Report NMFS Circular 397, August 1976. 21 p, 28 fig, 24 ref. 16. ABSTRACT This manual is an introduction to the scyphomedusae found in coastal waters from Maine to the Chesapeake Bay. It includes a discussion of their identification, ~- collection, rearing, preservation, and nematocysts. Also included is an introduction to the natural history of the scyphopolyps and medusa,e, a discussion of stinging scyphomedusae, a glossary of terms, an illustrated synopsis of ephyrae, an illustrating key to the scyphomedusae (including the Stauromedusae), an annotated systematic list, a bibliography of major refer~nces, and an index.
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