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Kingdom Animalia:
Phylum Porifera (sponges) and
Phylum Cnidaria (jellyfish, sea anemones and corals)
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Animals have different types of symmetry
AsymmetricalÆ
Radial Æ
Bilateral Æ
Embryo development provides information about how animal groups are related
Blastula: hallow with a single layer of cells
Gastrula: results in two layers of cells and cavity (gut) with one opening (blastopore)
Cavity reaches the other side and the gut is like a tube
Some cells from a third layer of cells
A second cavityyg forms between the gut and the outside of the animal
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Animals have different number of true tissue layers and different type of gut
No true tissuesÆ
Two tissue layers Æ
Three tissue layersÆ
No gutÆ
Sac like gutÆ
Tube like gutÆ
Phylum Porifera: Simplest of Animals Sponges: No tissues, no symmetry Intracellular digestion, no digestive system or cavity Collar cells or choanocytes Support by spicules or spongin fibers
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Procedure 1
• Grantia sponge Locate osculum
• Sponge spicules
Bell Labs Research on Deep-Sea Sponge Yields Substantial Mechanical Engineering Insights
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Medications from Sponges
Thirty percent of all potential new natural medicine has been isolated in sponges.
About 75% of the recently registered and patented material to fight cancer comes from sponges. Furthermore, it appears that medicine from sponges helps, for example, asthma and psoriasis; therefore it offers enormous possibilities for research.
Eribulin, a novel chemotherapy drug derived from a sea sponge, improves survival in heavily-pretreated metastatic breast cancer.
Phylum Cnidaria
Coral
Sea Anemone
Man-of-war Hydra
Jellyfish
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Phylum Cnidaria
Tissues: Endoderm Ectoderm
Type of gut:
Symmetry: Radial
Cnidocytes or Stinging cells
Polyp or Medusa form
Importance Some jellyfish are considered a delicacy
Corals: Medicines cabinets for the 21st century cancer cell inhibitor
Sunscreen
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Procedure 2 2. Gonionemus Label gastrovascular cavity (sac like gut) Tentacles
is it a polyp or medusa?
Procedure 2 3. Live Hydra Label mouth, tentacles, body stalk, gastrovascular cavity
is it a poly or medusa?
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Procedure 2: 4. Other cnidarians
jar with portugese man-of-war
5. Coral, sketch and label the scar where one polyp was attached
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