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GY 112L: Earth History Lab UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 112L: Earth History Lab Week 11 Paleozoic Part 2 Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Today’s Agenda The Paleozoic Part 2 (Lab 8 exercises) 1) Sponges & Stromatoporoids 2) Stromatolites 3) Corals 4) Bryozoans 5) Stratigraphy Sponges Sponge Facts: Taxonomy: Phylum: Porifera Sponges Sponge Facts: Taxonomy: Phylum: Porifera Range: Cambrian-Recent Sponges excurrent pore Sponge Facts: incurrent pore Taxonomy: Phylum: Porifera Range: Cambrian-Recent Mode of Life: Marine, benthic, filter feeder excurrent pore Sponges Sponge Facts: Taxonomy: Phylum: Porifera Range: Cambrian-Recent Mode of Life: Marine, benthic, filter feeder Mineral composition: spongin with spicules or calcite (calcisponges) Sponges Sponge Facts: Taxonomy: Phylum: Porifera Range: Cambrian-Recent Mode of Life: Marine, benthic, filter feeder Mineral composition: spongin with spicules or calcite (calcisponges) Fossil Pres.: mineral replacement or pristine Stromatoporoids Now known to be a type of sponge. They were important paleozoic reef builders Stromatoporoids Stromatoporoid Facts: Taxonomy: Phylum: Porifera Range: Ordovician-Mississippian Cretaceous? Mode of Life: Marine, benthic, filter feeder Mineral composition: calcite Fossil Pres.: pristine Stromatolites The first “visible” fossils Stromatolites Stromatolite Facts: Taxonomy: Kingdom: Cyanobacteria Range: Archean-Recent Mode of Life: Marine, benthic, colonial, photosynthesis Mineral composition: calcite Fossil Pres.: pristine Corals One of the most important animals as far as geology is concerned. They evolved early and showed amazing diversity Corals Coral Facts: Taxonomy: Phylum: Cnidaria Corals Coral Facts: Taxonomy: Phylum: Cnidaria Class: Anthozoa Corals Coral Facts: Taxonomy: Phylum: Cnidaria Class: Anthozoa Subclass: Rugosa Tabulata Scleractinia Corals Coral Facts: Taxonomy: Phylum: Cnidaria Class: Anthozoa Subclass: Rugosa Tabulata Scleractinia Range: Rugosa (Cambrian-P/T) Corals Coral Facts: Taxonomy: Phylum: Cnidaria Class: Anthozoa Subclass: Rugosa Tabulata Scleractinia Range: Rugosa (Cambrian-P/T) Tabulata (Ordovician-P/T) Corals Coral Facts: Taxonomy: Phylum: Cnidaria Class: Anthozoa Subclass: Rugosa Tabulata Scleractinia Range: Rugosa (Cambrian-P/T) Tabulata (Ordovician-P/T) Scleractinia (Triassic-Recent) Corals Coral Facts: Taxonomy: Phylum: Cnidaria Class: Anthozoa Subclass: Rugosa Tabulata Scleractinia Range: Rugosa (Cambrian-P/T) Tabulata (Ordovician-P/T) Scleractinia (Triassic-Recent) Mode of Life: Marine, benthic, filter feeder, colonial or solitary (stinging cells) Corals Coral Facts: Taxonomy: Phylum: Cnidaria Class: Anthozoa Subclass: Rugosa Tabulata Scleractinia Range: Rugosa (Cambrian-P/T) Tabulata (Ordovician-P/T) Scleractinia (Triassic-Recent) Mode of Life: Marine, benthic, filter feeder, colonial or solitary (stinging cells) Mineral composition: calcite or aragonite Corals Coral Facts: Taxonomy: Phylum: Cnidaria Class: Anthozoa Subclass: Rugosa Tabulata Scleractinia Range: Rugosa (Cambrian-P/T) Tabulata (Ordovician-P/T) Scleractinia (Triassic-Recent) Mode of Life: Marine, benthic, filter feeder, colonial or solitary (stinging cells) Mineral composition: calcite or aragonite Fossil Pres.: pristine, molds/chalky/replaced Bryozoans (Moss Animals) Bryozoan Facts: Taxonomy: Phylum: Bryozoa (old) Phyla: Entoprocta, Ectoprocta (new) Bryozoans Bryozoan Facts: Taxonomy: Phylum: Bryozoa (old) Phyla: Entoprocta, Ectoprocta (new) Range: Ordovician-Recent Bryozoans Bryozoan Facts: Taxonomy: Phylum: Bryozoa (old) Phyla: Entoprocta, Ectoprocta (new) Range: Ordovician-Recent Mode of Life: Marine, benthic, filter feeder, colonial Bryozoans Bryozoan Facts: Taxonomy: Phylum: Bryozoa (old) Phyla: Entoprocta, Ectoprocta (new) Range: Ordovician-Recent Mode of Life: Marine, benthic, filter feeder, colonial Mineral composition: calcite and aragonite Bryozoans Bryozoan Facts: Taxonomy: Phylum: Bryozoa (old) Phyla: Entoprocta, Ectoprocta (new) Range: Ordovician-Recent Mode of Life: Marine, benthic, filter feeder, colonial Mineral composition: calcite and aragonite Fossil Pres.: pristine Bryozoan Forms Digitate Lacy Bryozoan Anatomy The living chambers are called zooecia The animals are called zooids Stratigraphy and Rock Suites Collections of rocks from a specific region that cover a specific time frame 1) Niagara Falls (limestone and dolostone) Stratigraphy and Rock Suites Why a waterfall and not a set of rapids? Consider the stratigraphy. 1) Niagara Falls Stratigraphy and Rock Suites Rate of retreat Lab Time GY 112L: Earth History Lab 8: Paleozoic Rocks and Fossils 2 Instructor: Dr. Doug Haywick [email protected] This is a free open access lecture, but not for commercial purposes. For personal use only. .
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