Common Drugs and Antidotes

Antidote Indication Mode of action Contraindication EMS consideration

The odor of solution is very Restores depleted glutathione unpleasant. Be prepared for Acetaminophen/ Tylenol/ Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) stores and protects against Known hypersensitivity vomiting. Acetylcysteine Paracetamol renal and hepatic failure. increases secretions. Monitor respiratory status. Known hypersensitivity. Activated charcoal is Absorption of drug in the Non-specific poisons except contraindicated in patients who Activated charcoal binds with gastric and intestinal tracts. Activated charcoal cyanide, iron, lithium, caustics do not have an intact or syrup of ipecac, rendering it Interrupts the entero-hepatic and alcohol protected airway. Otherwise, ineffective. cycle with multiple dose. There are not known contraindications. Access vital signs frequently. Amyl nitrite is the first step in Amyl nitrite promotes a three-step treatment protocol formation of methemoglobin, Otherwise, There are not for cyanide poisoning. After Amyl nitrite Cyanide poisoning which combines with cyanide known contraindications for the administration of amyl to form nontoxic cyanide poisoning. nitrite, administer sodium cyanmethemoglobin. nitrite, followed by sodium thiosulfate The duration of action of Prevents or reverses the effects naloxone is shorter than that of of opioids including respiratory narcotics. Therfore, repeat dose Naloxone (Narcan) Opioid analgesics Known hypersensitivity. depression, sedation and of naloxone may be necessary. hypotension. Monitor vital signs and ECG continuously. If any other drugs are Forms cyanocobalamin, a non- Known hypersensitivity. Use administrated, they should be Hydroxocobalamin Cyanide toxic metabolite that is easily with caution in patients with given through a separate IV excreted through the kidneys. kidney dysfunction. line. Regitine produces an alpha- adrenergic block of relatively Known hypersensitivity, short duration. It also has should not be given to patients Monitor BP, Pulse, and ECG direct, but less marked, positive with coronary or cerebral Phentolamine (Regitine) Dopamine frequently until patient is inotropic and chronotropic arteriosclerosis, or to the stable. effects on cardiac muscle and patients with kidney vasodilator effects on vascular impairment. smooth muscle. Draw a blood sample before Known hypersensitivity, drug administration. Rapid Organophosphate poisoning, Competitive inhibition of should not be given to patients Pralidoxime administration may cause anticholinesterase inhibitor muscarinic receptors. who have been positioned by tachycardia, laryngospasm, or inorganic phosphate. muscle rigidity.

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