Lower San Lorenzo River 2015 Fall Migration Bird Surveys

Gary Kittleson Kittleson Environmental Consulting

Bryan Mori Bryan Mori Biological Consulting

Prepared for

Santa Cruz City Council City of Santa Cruz, CA

1/11/2016

SUMMARY

Kittleson Environmental Consulting (KEC) and partner Bryan Mori Biological Consulting Services conducted baseline fall bird surveys in the San Lorenzo River Flood Control Channel. The goals of the study are to document all bird species, assess relative abundances, and characterize patterns of occurrence and distribution through the fall migration period in the San Lorenzo Lagoon and Flood Control Channel in anticipation of the 2016 Pilot Paddling Program approved by the Santa Cruz City Council on 6/23/2015.

The surveys consisted of avian inventories from the San Lorenzo Trestle Bridge at the river mouth to the Highway 1 Bridge. A total of 17 surveys were done in September, October and November 2015 to characterize bird use throughout the project area. All surveys were during daylight hours consistent with the proposed 2016 Pilot Paddling Program's periods of operation. An effort was made to sample both in the morning and in late afternoon to adequately capture the widest range of species and patterns of bird use throughout the project area.

The study team observed 103 bird species in the project area during September, October and November of 2015. Six (6) other taxa were observed but not fully identified to species. A total of 9,036 birds were identified and counted, representing a wide range of year-round resident waterfowl, wading birds, raptors and songbirds, which included expected and unusual migratory species. During the study period the study area was also visited by a handful of genuine rarities seen by others that resulted in numerous additional bird observations within the study area by the local birding community.

All study data was compiled in the online Ebird public database and is available to the general public and all Ebird users. Summary results and Ebird data plots are discussed below and are attached in Appendices A and B.

STUDY AREA

The San Lorenzo River Fall Bird Survey study area is located in the lowest reach of the 137 square mile San Lorenzo River watershed. The San Lorenzo River drains to the Pacific Ocean at the north end of Monterey Bay. The study area is located within the “levee reach” of the San Lorenzo River, which generally includes the area between CA Route 1 and the river mouth. FIGURE 1.

The San Lorenzo River Fall Bird Survey study area is broken down into two sub units: the Upper Unit and the Lower Unit, which are divided by the Soquel Avenue Bridge. The overall study area includes all available habitats within the levee alignment, including the river bottom habitats, waterside and landside levee slopes, riverside mudstone bluffs and eucalyptus stands,

FIGURE 1.

Lower San Lorenzo River Fall Baseline Bird Survey Project Area

Upper Unit

Lower Unit

and the fence line trees and shrubs that line the numerous private properties adjacent to the flood control channel. Riverside and floodplain open space habitats at San Lorenzo Park, Mimi de Marta Park and Mike Fox Park/Ken Wormhoudt Skate Park are included. The artificial duck pond area at San Lorenzo Park and mature landscape trees that surround the County Building are excluded from consideration due to their distance from the river.

The habitat types most common in the overall project area are ruderal grassland, mixed riparian forest, willow thickets, freshwater marsh, and brackish water tule marsh. Native riparian tree species present include arroyo willow (Salix lasiolaepis), white alder (Alnus rhombifolia), yellow willow (Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra), black cottonwood (Populus tricocarpa), redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) and box elder (Acer negundo). Cattail (Typha latifolia), matted water primrose (Ludwegia peploides ssp. peploides), and water smartweed (Polygonum amphibium) are most common in the freshwater marsh habitats in upstream and bulrush (Scirpus californicus) becomes the dominant marsh plant along the water's edge in the downstream areas subject to tidal influence and brackish lagoon conditions. The levee crests are paved and the levee-top ruderal community is regularly mowed and weed-whipped for fire suppression and offers relatively little habitat value.

Waterside levee slopes throughout the project area are dominated by ruderal grassland with scattered coyote brush (Baccharis pilularis), red valerian (Centranthus ruber), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), field mustrad (Brassica rapa) and iceplant (Carpobrotus edulis). Dominant species include perennial ryegrass (Lolium), wild oat (Avena fatua), Himalayan blackberry (Rubus discolor) and ripgut brome (Bromus). Rip rap, rock slope protection is underlies the waterside levee embankments and is exposed in many places just below the levee crest hingepoint. Soils placed by the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) contractors over newly placed rip rap on the east side levee have partially eroded in the 15 years since placement and rock is now visible within the ruderal grasses on the upper slope. Abundant California ground squirrels are present throughout the levees.

Landside levee slopes throughout the project area were landscaped with an broad assemblage of native trees, shrubs and forbs during the 1999-2003 San Lorenzo River Flood Control Improvement Project. Fence line trees and neighbor landscape shrubs represent a broad mix of native and introduced species. All overhanging fence line vegetation was considered within the study area.

The Upper Study Unit encompasses the San Lorenzo River Flood Control Channel, levees and fence line vegetation from Highway 1 downstream to the Water Street Bridge, the lower floodplain benches in San Lorenzo Park and the floodwall-contained reach between Water Street Bridge and the Soquel Avenue Bridge. The total area covered by surveys in the Upper Unit is approximately 44 acres. FIGURE 2.

In the Upper Unit project area between the levees, the San Lorenzo River is depositional upstream of Water Street Bridge and typically has a meandering or braided low flow channel during the summer and fall migration season. The San Lorenzo Park bench lands supports mature riparian cottonwood trees and within the braided channel between Water Street Bridge and Soquel Avenue Bridge, there are mid-channel willow scrub islands and a nearly continuous riparian strip along the edge of water.

The Lower Unit of the study area extends from the Soquel Avenue Bridge to the Railroad trestle bridge near the river mouth. FIGURE 3. The Lower Unit is characterized by a single, wide channel that is less heavily vegetated with willow riparian vegetation on its margins and is

FIGURE 2. FIGURE 3. Upper Study Unit Lower Study Unit

Lower Unit Upper Unit

characterized by relatively abundant tule occurring in a narrow band along both sides of the water's edges. In addition to the numerous ruderal species mentioned above, weedy species like kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum) and sweet white clover (Melilotus albus) are prevalent along much of the waterside levee toe.

The Lower Unit also includes the 2004 Riverbend Restoration Project area at the base of Beach Hill, Mimi de Marta Park, Mike Fox Park and the eucalyptus stand along East Cliff Drive. The river mouth, bluff-side, and beach area that is viewable from the railroad trestle bridge is included in the Lower Unit of the study. The total area covered by surveys in the Lower Unit is approximately 47 acres.

The total length of the levee path traveled during each full survey (Upper and Lower Units combined) is approximately 3.75 miles. Observers walked the levee crest paths and levee slopes.

PROJECT BACKGROUND

The San Lorenzo River reach downstream of Highway 1 is referred to as the San Lorenzo River Flood Control Channel. Following catastrophic flooding of downtown Santa Cruz in 1955, the USACE stripped all riparian vegetation, channelized and built levees from 1957-1959 to contain the lower 2.2 miles of the San Lorenzo River and lagoon. FIGURE 4. Since then, the City has operated and maintained this reach primarily as a flood control channel, periodically removing riparian vegetation and riverbed sediment to provide flood protection for downtown Santa Cruz.

In the mid 1980's the Santa Cruz City Council began to re-evaluate its river management activities in an attempt to balance habitat quality with flood control obligations. These efforts resulted in the development of the San Lorenzo River Design Concept Plan (1987) and the San Lorenzo River Enhancement Plan (1989) which guided flood control and vegetation management for a decade. In 1999 the Santa Cruz City Council initiated the San Lorenzo Urban River Planning Process and authorized the development of the Lower San Lorenzo River and Lagoon Management Plan (2002). The San Lorenzo Urban River Plan (2003) provides a 20 year comprehensive plan that updates the 1987 and 1989 Plans and serves as vision-setting document that promotes conservation and enhancement of the river as a wildlife area with complimentary recreation and community uses.

Along with the development and approval of the San Lorenzo Urban River Plan, from 1999 to 2004, the City of Santa Cruz and the US Army Corps of Engineers constructed Phases 1, 2 and 3 of the San Lorenzo River Flood Control and Environmental Restoration Project which raised levee heights, landscaped, and improved bike and pedestrian paths along the entire levied reach of the San Lorenzo River in downtown. The habitat enhancement efforts of San Lorenzo River Flood Control and Environmental Restoration Project focused on the landside of the levees in the study area which were landscaped with native trees, shrubs, and groundcover. FIGURE 5.

The majority of riparian habitat in the study area is located within the river bottom between the levee toes. It can best be classified as a “managed” central coast arroyo willow riparian forest with scattered red alder, sycamore and cottonwood trees. Within the river bottom riparian habitat, annual vegetation thinning and periodic sandbar “ripping” is conducted by the City of Santa Cruz DPW to minimize channel roughness and to facilitate sediment transport though the

Figure 4 Figure 5 2015

reach. The City holds a USACE Section 404 nationwide permit (NWP File 268761S) and obtains California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) Streambed Alteration Agreements for these activities.

The annual maintenance program limits the size of riparian trees to <4” dbh, and creates 4’-10’ wide riparian strands of immature willow, alder, cottonwood, and sycamore at the levee toes and on the edges of instream islands. This annual maintenance activity significantly limits bird nesting opportunities by creating sparse riparian patches. The semi-annual bed-ripping activities required to maintain hydraulic capacity in this reach also results in dry sand and gravel bar habitats in the areas upstream or Water Street Bridge.

SURVEY METHODS

Daytime avian surveys were conducted from the railroad trestle bridge to the pedestrian-bike bridge downstream of the Highway 1 bridge. Surveys were performed using binoculars while walking the two levee crest trails and the adjacent levee slopes. Total length of the walking surveys is approximately 3.75 miles. Surveys were conducted by Gary Kittleson and Bryan Mori.

During each site visit, all visible and audible bird species were identified, counted and logged in field books. Observers communicated from opposite sides of the river by phone and text during the surveys to minimize potential for missed birds obscured by waterside vegetation and double-counting of flushed birds. Each day's observations were then compiled into an Excel spreadsheet and entered as Hotspot Checklists into Ebird (http://ebird.org). The Ebird Hotspot for the study area is known as the San Lorenzo River (within Santa Cruz) location.

LIMITATIONS

All bird surveys were conducted during daylight hours and observations were limited to birds within or over the San Lorenzo River Flood Control Project area, which extends from the Highway 1 Bridge to the San Lorenzo river mouth. Fence line trees and shrubs that contacted or overhung the real property boundary of the Flood Control Project were included in the observations, but birds on and across the adjacent surface streets and on neighboring buildings were not counted. Birds outside of the project limits and some gulls at high altitude were not counted.

Surveys were typically conducted from the river mouth upstream, which may have resulted in lower numbers of observations during morning surveys in the upper reach above Water Street as the sun rose overhead between 11:00 and noon. Investigators chose the downstream to upstream protocol to assure optimal counts in that the lower study unit, which includes the potential public paddling reach, was counted each time. One survey (9/14/2015) was cut short and covered only the lower unit.

Surveys occurred during the fall migration season and represent a mix of resident and migratory species. The results represent only those birds observed during KEC surveys and do not reflect the overall fluctuations of fall migration. Other species observed in the project area and entered into Ebird by other birders during the study period are not included in the KEC datasets, but are included in the discussion below.

RESULTS

One hundred three distinct bird species were observed and positively identified by the study team during the September 7 through November 19, 2015 fall migration study period. Six other taxa were observed but not identified to species. A total of 9,036 birds were identified and counted. A cumulative total of 202 bird species (and 26 other taxa) have been recorded in the project area, based on Ebird data and local records. Nearly 51% of the species known to use the San Lorenzo River were observed by KEC during the fall migration study. The results of the surveys, by month, are attached as Appendix A.

Sixty-nine different, confirmed species of landbirds and 34 species of waterbirds were observed. Table 1 lists all landbirds seen by the investigators and provides information on each species generalized residency status in the Santa Cruz County area and its primary foraging (or feeding) guild. Riparian species are noted, and the conservation status of six listed landbird species is included. Table 2 lists all waterbirds seen by the investigators.

In terms of total numbers observed, the most common bird observed was America coot with a total of 1,065 birds which represents 11.8% of all birds counted during the study period. White-crowned sparrow, western gull, rock pigeon, house finch, double crested cormorant, mallard, and America crows also were present in large numbers (greater than 3% of total numbers observed). Four of the top species by number were waterbirds. The most common species, by total count, are listed in Table 3.

Eight species of raptors and falcons were observed, with peregrine falcon and red-shouldered hawk most common during surveys. Red-shouldered hawks are known to nest in the eucalyptus trees at the Highway 1 bridge and a peregrine falcon is known to perch regularly in the eucalyptus grove near the railroad trestle bridge at the river mouth. Red-tailed hawk, Cooper's hawk and osprey were also observed on multiple occasions. Merlin, sharp-shinned hawk and turkey vulture were also seen hunting and foraging in the project area.

The study period covered the fall migration period, and as a result, does not fully represent the full list of species known to occur in the project area. Results from KEC's 2015 Fall surveys are plotted as a histogram in Appendix B. Two additional surveys conducted by KEC during the nesting season in July 2015 are also included in the Appendix B histogram. Appendix B also provides a histogram of all known species for all seasons and all years of data for the general project area in Ebird. The benefit of the histogram plot is the graphical illustration of which species are migratory or resident, and the seasonal fluctuations that migratory patterns bring.

A number of locally uncommon and rare birds were observed in the project area by KEC (tropical kingbird, chipping sparrow, palm warbler, Tennessee warbler, and black-throated grey warbler) and several species were observed by other birders, concurrent with the KEC fieldwork, which in turn brought out numerous observers to the site in search of rarities. Notable among these species not seen by KEC in the study area but documented by others were vermillion flycatcher (Pyrocephalus rubinus), black and white warbler (Mniotilta varia), and lark sparrow (Chondestes grammacus).

TABLE 1. San Lorenzo River Landbirds Observed by KEC in Fall 2015 Species Residency Foraging Riparian Conservation Status Guild Associate Status Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) Y Scavenger Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) Y Fish eater X WL Sharp-shinned Hawk (Accipiter striatus) Y Bird eater WL Cooper’s Hawk (Accipiter cooperi) Y Bird eater WL Red-shouldered Hawk (Buteo lineatus) Y Ground vertebrate X Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) Y Ground vertebrate Merlin (Falco columbarius) W Bird eater WL Peregrine Falcon (Falco pereginus) Y Bird eater FP Rock Pigeon (Columbia livia) Y Ground seed Eurasian Collared Dove (Streptopelia decaocto) Y Ground seed Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura) Y Ground seed Anna’s Hummingbird (Calypte annae) Y Foliage nectar Rufous/Allen’s Hummingbird (Selasphorus rufus/sasin) S Foliage nectar X Belted Kingfisher (Megaceryle alcyon) Y Fish eater X Downy Woodpecker (Picoides pubescens) Y Bark insect X Black Phoebe (Sayornis nigricans) Y Aerial insect X Say’s Phoebe (Sayornis saya) Y Aerial insect Tropical Kingbird (Tyrannus melancholicus) F Aerial insect Warbling Vireo (Vireo gilvus) S Foliage insect X Steller’s Jay (Cyanocitta stelleri) Y Omnivore Western Scrub-Jay (Aphelocoma californica) Y Omnivore American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) Y Omnivore Common Raven (Corvus corax) Y Omnivore Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica) Y Aerial insect Chestnut-backed Chickadee (Poecile rufescens) Y Foliage insect X Oak Titmouse (Baeolophus inornatus) Y Foliage insect Bushtit (Psaltriparus minimuss) Y Foliage insect Red-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta canadensis) Y Bark insect/seeds Brown Creeper (Certhia americana) Y Bark insect House Wren (Troglodytes aedon) Y Foliage insect Marsh Wren (Cistothorus palustris) Y Foliage insect X Bewick’s Wren (Thryomanes bewickii) Y Foliage insect X Golden-crowned Kinglet (Regulus satrapa) Y Foliage insect Ruby-crowned Kinglet (Regulus calendula) W Foliage insect Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus) Y Ground insect

Northern Mockingbird (Mimus polygottos) Y Ground insect European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) Y Omnivore Cedar Waxwing (Bombycilla cedrorum) W Foliage fruit Tennessee Warbler (Oreothlypis peregrina) T Foliage insect Orange-crowned Warbler (Oreothlypis celata) Y Foliage insect X Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas) Y Foliage insect X Yellow Warbler (Setophaga petechia) S Foliage insect X SSC Palm Warbler (Setophaga palmarum) W Foliage/Ground insect X Yellow-rumped Warbler (Setophaga coronata) Y Foliage insect Black-throated Gray Warbler – (Setophaga nigrescens) S Foliage insect Townsend's Warbler (Setophaga townsendii) S Foliage insect Wilson’s Warbler (Cardellina pusilla) S Foliage insect X Chipping Sparrow – (Spizella passerina) Y Ground insect/seed Fox Sparrow (Passerella iliaca) W Ground insect/seed Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis) Y Ground insect/seed White-crowned Sparrow (Zonotricha leucophrys) Y Ground insect/seed Golden-crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia atricapilla) W Ground insect/seed Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis) Y Ground insect/seed Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia) Y Ground insect/seed X Lincoln's Sparrow (Melospiza lincolnii) W Ground insect/seed X California Towhee (Melozone crissalis) Y Ground insect/seed Spotted Towhee (Pipilo maculatus) Y Ground insect/seed X Black-headed Grosbeak (Pheuticus melanocephalus) S Foliage insect/seeds X Red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus Y Ground insect/seeds X Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta) Y Ground insect/seeds Brewer’s Blackbird (Euphagus cyanocephalus) Y Ground insect/seeds Great-tailed Grackle (Quiscalus mexicanus) Y Omnivorous Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) Y Ground insect/seeds X House Finch (Carpodacus mexicanus) Y Ground seed Purple Finch (Carpodacus purpureus) Y Ground seed Red Crossbill (Loxia curvirostra) I Foliage seed Pine Siskin (Spinus pinus) Y Foliage seed Lesser Goldfinch (Carduelis psaltria) Y Foliage seed American Goldfinch (Carduelis tristis) Y Foliage seed X House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) Y Ground seed Codes: Y = species occurs in all seasons and nests in the county; S = migrates into the region in summer to nest and occurs during migration; W = migrates into the region to overwinter; T = irregularly occurs as a transient during migration; I = irruptive species with irregular breeding and winter occurrence; FP = CDFW fully protected species; WL = CDFW special concern species watch list

TABLE 2. San Lorenzo River Water Birds Observed by KEC in Fall 2015 Species Residency Guild Conservation Status Status Canada Goose (Branta canadensis) Y Grazer Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) Y Dabbler Bufflehead (Bucephala albeola) W Diver Common Goldeneye (Bucephala clangula) W Diver Common Merganser (Mergus merganser) Y Fisheater Ruddy Duck (Oxyura jamaicensis) Y Diver Pied-billed Grebe (Podilymbus podiceps) Y Diver Horned Grebe (Podiceps auritus) W Diver Eared Grebe (Podiceps nigricollis) W Diver Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) Y Fisheater WL Pelagic Cormorant (Phalacrocorax pelagicus) Y Fisheater Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) P Fisheater FP Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias) Y Heron Great Egret (Ardea alba) Y Heron Snowy Egret (Egretta thula) Y Heron Green Heron (Butorides virescens) Y Heron Black-crowned Night Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) Y Heron Virginia Rail (Rallus limicola) Y Rail Sora (Porzana carolina) Y Rail Common Gallinule (Gallinula galeata) Y Dabbler American Coot (Fulica americana) Y Dabbler Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus) Y Shorebird Spotted Sandpiper (Actitis macularius) Y Shorebird Wilson's Snipe (Gallinago delicate) W Shorebird Red-necked Phalarope (Phalaropus lobatus) W Phalarope Heermann's Gull (Larus heermanni) W Gull Mew Gull (Larus canus) W Gull Ring-billed Gull (Larus delawarensis) W Gull Western Gull (Larus occidentalis) Y Gull California Gull (Larus californicus) W Gull WL Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) W Gull Thayer’s Gull (Larus thayeri) W Gull Glaucous-winged Gull (Larus glaucescens) W Gull Elegant Tern (Thalasseus elegans) P Tern Codes: Y = species occurs in all seasons and nests in the county; W = generally considered a winter resident but may be found in migration and as non-breeders in summer; P = post-breeding summer resident, but may be found in all seasons; FP = CDFW fully protected species; WL = CDFW special concern species watch list

TABLE 3. Most Commonly Observed Bird Species San Lorenzo River in Fall 2015

Species Total count Average per count Percent of total birds American coot 1065 62.6 11.8% White-crowned sparrow 846 49.8 9.4% Western gull 697 41.0 7.7% Rock dove (common pigeon) 463 27.2 5.1% House finch 400 23.5 4.4% Double crested cormorant 354 20.8 3.9% Mallard 331 19.5 3.7% American crow 292 17.2 3.2% Black phoebe 238 14.0 2.6% Song sparrow 200 11.8 2.2% Bushtit 184 10.8 2.0% Pie-billed grebe 124 7.3 1.4% Anna's hummingbird 117 6.9 1.3% House sparrow 110 6.5 1.2% American goldfinch 64 3.8 0.7% Yellow warbler 61 3.6 0.7% Western scrub jay 56 3.3 0.6% Marsh wren 50 2.9 0.6%

DISCUSSION

The 2015 San Lorenzo Fall Bird Survey was undertaken during a persistent multi-year drought that significantly reduced San Lorenzo River flow into the lagoon project area and resulted in extremely poor water quality conditions. Due to the lack of inflow the San Lorenzo Lagoon maintained a closed condition throughout the first two months of the study period (September and October). Throughout the fall algal growth was present in the San Lorenzo Lagoon and resulted in harmful levels of toxins produced by blue-green algae.

Prior to the start of the fall bird study, the City of Santa Cruz conducted a manual breach of the lagoon on 8/17/2015. During this effort, water surface elevation in the lagoon was lowered to approximately 5' msl. This water surface elevation quickly rose more than a foot, back to pre-breach levels within a week and remained high until a second mechanical breach was conducted on 10/23/2015. That breach also lowered the lagoon to approximately 5.0' msl.

In the San Lorenzo Lagoon, under closed lagoon conditions, deep backwater conditions exist to just upstream of the Water Street Bridge. In 2015, during closed lagoon conditions, no exposed sandbar habitat was present in the project area until early November, with the exception of the edge of the lagoon downstream of the trestle. The low number of wading birds and shore birds in September and October is likely a reflection of this lack of shallow habitat and exposed sandbars.

Overall, the documentation of more than 50% of known "San Lorenzo River within Santa Cruz" species by KEC during the 2015 fall migration period indicates that the study effort was sufficient in geographic coverage and the frequency of observations. The presence of at least three rare species seen by others, but not by the investigators illustrates the limits and the vagaries of bird surveys, in general. Subsequent fall migration period survey efforts during the proposed 2016 paddling season should provide a useful comparison.

REFERENCES

City of Santa Cruz - San Lorenzo Urban River Plan Task Force, 2003. San Lorenzo Urban River Plan: A Plan for the San Lorenzo River, Branciforte Creek and Jessie Street Marsh. eBird. 2012. eBird: An online database of bird distribution and abundance [web application]. eBird, Ithaca, New York. Available: http://www.ebird.org. (Accessed: Date [e.g., February 2, 2012]).

Swanson Hydrology & Geomorphology, Native Vegetation Network and Hagar Environmental Science, 2002. Lower San Lorenzo River & Lagoon Management Plan. Prepared for the City of Santa Cruz Redevelopment Agency.

Kittleson Environmental Consulting, July 2015. Nesting Bird Survey Memo. Unpublished report.

SITE PHOTOS

LEFT: San Lorenzo River Upper Study Unit looking upstream from west levee to Highway 1. RIGHT: San Lorenzo River Upper Study Unit looking upstream from center of channel u/s of Water St Br

LEFT: San Lorenzo River Upper Study Unit looking upstream from west levee to Water St. RIGHT: San Lorenzo River Upper Study Unit looking upstream to San Lorenzo Park from Soquel Ave.

LEFT AND RIGHT. Lower Study Unit at closed lagoon conditions, looking u/s and d/s from west levee.

LEFT: Eucalyptus stand at East Cliff Drive near trestle. Cormorant roost and peregrine falcon perch. RIGHT: Closed lagoon conditions at river mouth.

LEFT: 2 kayakers in study area in vicinity of trestle. 9/11/2015. RIGHT: Exposed sandbar habitat following natural river breach in early November.

LEFT: Common merganser. RIGHT: Tropical kingbird.

Appendix A. Summary of KEC Results by Month

Detailed Month Report http://ebird.org/ebird/ca/eBirdReports

MONTH REPORT: Species Totals

Report Details

Total # of 66 Sep 1, 2015 - Sep 30, Species: Date range: 2015 Total # of 7 Checklists: Location(s): San Lorenzo River (within Santa Cruz)

Summary Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep 1-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-25 26-30 Number of Species--2730374937 Number of Individuals -- 531 282 299 578 485 Number of Checklists -- 1 2 1 2 1

Total Number of Birds (sample size) Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Species Name 1-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-25 26-30 Canada Goose (Branta 2 5 8 ------canadensis) (1) (1) (1) 29 30 13 29 27 Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)-- (1) (2) (1) (2) (1) Common Merganser (Mergus 2 ------merganser) (1) Pied-billed Grebe (Podilymbus 12 13 10 18 8 -- podiceps) (1) (2) (1) (2) (1) Eared Grebe (Podiceps 1 1 ------nigricollis) (1) (1) Double-crested Cormorant 39 75 2 20 55 -- (Phalacrocorax auritus) (1) (2) (1) (2) (1) Great Blue Heron (Ardea 1 1 1 3 -- -- herodias) (1) (1) (1) (2) 1 Great Egret (Ardea alba)------(1) 1 Snowy Egret (Egretta thula)------(1) Green Heron (Butorides 2 1 2 1 -- -- virescens) (1) (1) (1) (1) Black-crowned Night-Heron 1 1 ------(Nycticorax nycticorax) (1) (1) Red-shouldered Hawk (Buteo 1 1 2 2 -- -- lineatus) (1) (1) (1) (1) Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo 1 ------jamaicensis) (1) 1 Virginia Rail (Rallus limicola)------(1)

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1 Sora (Porzana carolina)------(1) American Coot (Fulica 2 12 16 58 33 -- americana) (1) (2) (1) (2) (1) 1 Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus)------(1) Heermann's Gull (Larus 2 ------heermanni) (1) Western Gull (Larus 261 8 32 2 -- -- occidentalis) (1) (1) (2) (1) California Gull (Larus 6 9 ------californicus) (1) (1) 55 Larus sp. (Larus sp.) ------(1) 5 8 gull sp. (Larinae sp.)------(1) (1) Elegant Tern (Thalasseus 4 ------elegans) (1) 24 45 62 16 22 Rock Pigeon (Columba livia)-- (1) (2) (1) (2) (1) Eurasian Collared-Dove 2 2 1 ------(Streptopelia decaocto) (1) (1) (1) Mourning Dove (Zenaida 1 5 6 12 2 -- macroura) (1) (2) (1) (2) (1) Anna's Hummingbird (Calypte 5 4 8 7 8 -- anna) (1) (1) (1) (2) (1) hummingbird sp. (Trochilidae 1 ------sp.) (1) Belted Kingfisher (Megaceryle 1 1 2 ------alcyon) (1) (1) (1) 1 Merlin (Falco columbarius)------(1) Peregrine Falcon (Falco 1 1 1 1 -- -- peregrinus) (1) (1) (1) (1) Black Phoebe (Sayornis 16 18 16 31 13 -- nigricans) (1) (2) (1) (2) (1) 1 Warbling Vireo (Vireo gilvus)------(1) Steller's Jay (Cyanocitta 1 ------stelleri) (1) Western Scrub-Jay 7 4 6 9 2 -- (Aphelocoma californica) (1) (1) (1) (2) (1) American Crow (Corvus 23 5 17 21 158 -- brachyrhynchos) (1) (1) (1) (2) (1) 1 2 Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica)------(1) (1) Chestnut-backed Chickadee 5 5 8 14 5 -- (Poecile rufescens) (1) (1) (1) (2) (1) Oak Titmouse (Baeolophus 1 1 1 ------inornatus) (1) (1) (1)

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20 30 16 8 Bushtit (Psaltriparus minimus)-- -- (1) (1) (2) (1) House Wren (Troglodytes 3 ------aedon) (1) Marsh Wren (Cistothorus 1 6 1 ------palustris) (1) (2) (1) Bewick's Wren (Thryomanes 2 ------bewickii) (1) Northern Mockingbird (Mimus 2 ------polyglottos) (1) European Starling (Sturnus 3 2 13 ------vulgaris) (1) (1) (1) Orange-crowned Warbler 2 3 1 ------(Oreothlypis celata) (1) (1) (1) Common Yellowthroat 7 4 3 13 3 -- (Geothlypis trichas) (1) (1) (1) (2) (1) Yellow Warbler (Setophaga 1 42 7 ------petechia) (1) (2) (1) Yellow-rumped Warbler 4 ------(Setophaga coronata) (1) Townsend's Warbler 2 2 ------(Setophaga townsendi) (1) (1) Wilson's Warbler (Cardellina 2 ------pusilla) (2) warbler sp. (Parulidae sp.) 2 ------(Parulidae sp.) (1) Dark-eyed Junco (Junco 7 19 ------hyemalis) (2) (1) White-crowned Sparrow 7 59 28 ------(Zonotrichia leucophrys) (1) (2) (1) Golden-crowned Sparrow 9 14 ------(Zonotrichia atricapilla) (1) (1) Song Sparrow (Melospiza 23 11 18 26 12 -- melodia) (1) (2) (1) (2) (1) Lincoln's Sparrow (Melospiza 2 6 ------lincolnii) (1) (2) California Towhee (Melozone 7 1 6 4 5 -- crissalis) (1) (1) (1) (2) (1) sparrow sp. (Emberizidae sp. 2 2 5 ------(sparrow sp.)) (1) (1) (1) Black-headed Grosbeak 1 ------(Pheucticus melanocephalus) (1) Red-winged Blackbird 1 ------(Agelaius phoeniceus) (1) Western Meadowlark 1 1 1 ------(Sturnella neglecta) (1) (1) (1) House Finch (Haemorhous 22 9 27 12 10 -- mexicanus) (1) (1) (1) (2) (1) Purple Finch (Haemorhous 1 1 ------purpureus) (1) (1)

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Lesser Goldfinch (Spinus 1 ------psaltria) (1) House Sparrow (Passer 12 10 4 8 4 -- domesticus) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)

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MONTH REPORT: Species Totals

Report Details

Total # of 88 Oct 1, 2015 - Oct 31, Species: Date range: 2015 Total # of 8 Checklists: Location(s): San Lorenzo River (within Santa Cruz)

Summary Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct 1-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-25 26-31 Number of Species514152534150 Number of Individuals 999 261 924 530 514 796 Number of Checklists212111

Total Number of Birds (sample size) Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Species Name 1-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-25 26-31 Canada Goose (Branta 6 7 ------canadensis) (1) (1) 90 4 39 21 2 26 Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) (2) (1) (2) (1) (1) (1) 2 Bufflehead (Bucephala albeola)------(1) Ruddy Duck (Oxyura 3 ------jamaicensis) (1) Pied-billed Grebe (Podilymbus 21 6 17 7 12 8 podiceps) (2) (1) (2) (1) (1) (1) Horned Grebe (Podiceps 1 3 3 ------auritus) (1) (1) (1) Eared Grebe (Podiceps 4 3 7 4 7 3 nigricollis) (2) (1) (2) (1) (1) (1) Double-crested Cormorant 41 5 63 20 66 -- (Phalacrocorax auritus) (2) (1) (2) (1) (1) Pelagic Cormorant 1 ------(Phalacrocorax pelagicus) (1) Brown Pelican (Pelecanus 1 ------occidentalis) (1) Great Blue Heron (Ardea 1 1 1 1 2 4 herodias) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 1 Great Egret (Ardea alba)------(1) 28 5 1 3 1 Snowy Egret (Egretta thula) -- (1) (2) (1) (1) (1) Green Heron (Butorides 1 1 2 ------virescens) (1) (1) (1)

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Sharp-shinned Hawk (Accipiter 1 ------striatus) (1) Cooper's Hawk (Accipiter 1 2 1 ------cooperii) (1) (1) (1) Red-shouldered Hawk (Buteo 1 1 1 1 -- -- lineatus) (1) (1) (1) (1) Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo 1 1 1 ------jamaicensis) (1) (1) (1) 2 2 1 Sora (Porzana carolina)------(2) (1) (1) American Coot (Fulica 109 71 132 30 115 82 americana) (2) (1) (2) (1) (1) (1) Spotted Sandpiper (Actitis 3 3 1 ------macularius) (2) (1) (1) Wilson's Snipe (Gallinago 3 ------delicata) (1) Red-necked Phalarope 1 ------(Phalaropus lobatus) (1) Ring-billed Gull (Larus 1 ------delawarensis) (1) Western Gull (Larus 19 2 15 2 10 73 occidentalis) (2) (1) (2) (1) (1) (1) California Gull (Larus 7 38 17 3 13 -- californicus) (2) (2) (1) (1) (1) Herring Gull (Larus 1 ------argentatus) (1) 3 Larus sp. (Larus sp.) ------(1) 11 62 120 gull sp. (Larinae sp.) ------(1) (1) (1) 123 14 48 15 53 6 Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) (2) (1) (2) (1) (1) (1) Eurasian Collared-Dove 7 ------(Streptopelia decaocto) (2) Mourning Dove (Zenaida 10 4 13 3 8 3 macroura) (1) (1) (2) (1) (1) (1) Anna's Hummingbird (Calypte 15 5 20 9 5 15 anna) (2) (1) (2) (1) (1) (1) Rufous/Allen's Hummingbird 1 ------(Selasphorus rufus/sasin) (1) Belted Kingfisher (Megaceryle 2 1 1 1 1 -- alcyon) (2) (1) (1) (1) (1) Downy Woodpecker (Picoides 3 1 1 ------pubescens) (1) (1) (1) Peregrine Falcon (Falco 1 1 1 ------peregrinus) (1) (1) (1) Black Phoebe (Sayornis 20 14 35 9 15 21 nigricans) (1) (1) (2) (1) (1) (1) 1 Say's Phoebe (Sayornis saya) ------(1)

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Tropical Kingbird (Tyrannus 1 ------melancholicus) (1) 1 Warbling Vireo (Vireo gilvus)------(1) Steller's Jay (Cyanocitta 1 ------stelleri) (1) Western Scrub-Jay 5 2 10 6 6 6 (Aphelocoma californica) (2) (1) (2) (1) (1) (1) American Crow (Corvus 26 16 29 23 21 7 brachyrhynchos) (2) (1) (2) (1) (1) (1) Common Raven (Corvus 1 ------corax) (1) Chestnut-backed Chickadee 14 4 9 3 3 11 (Poecile rufescens) (2) (1) (2) (1) (1) (1) Oak Titmouse (Baeolophus 3 2 2 1 -- -- inornatus) (1) (1) (1) (1) 32 5 7 25 6 36 Bushtit (Psaltriparus minimus) (2) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Red-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta 2 1 ------canadensis) (1) (1) Brown Creeper (Certhia 3 ------americana) (1) House Wren (Troglodytes 1 ------aedon) (1) Marsh Wren (Cistothorus 3 2 14 8 2 8 palustris) (1) (1) (2) (1) (1) (1) Bewick's Wren (Thryomanes 2 1 1 4 -- -- bewickii) (2) (1) (1) (1) Ruby-crowned Kinglet 6 1 1 10 -- -- (Regulus calendula) (2) (1) (1) (1) Hermit Thrush (Catharus 1 ------guttatus) (1) Northern Mockingbird (Mimus 1 1 ------polyglottos) (1) (1) European Starling (Sturnus 9 9 2 2 -- -- vulgaris) (1) (2) (1) (1) Cedar Waxwing (Bombycilla 37 ------cedrorum) (1) Tennessee Warbler 1 ------(Oreothlypis peregrina) (1) Orange-crowned Warbler 3 1 ------(Oreothlypis celata) (2) (1) Common Yellowthroat 8 4 8 4 5 12 (Geothlypis trichas) (2) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Yellow Warbler (Setophaga 11 2 3 4 1 -- petechia) (2) (1) (2) (1) (1) Palm Warbler (Setophaga 1 ------palmarum) (1) Yellow-rumped Warbler 40 14 78 32 41 25 (Setophaga coronata) (2) (1) (2) (1) (1) (1)

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Black-throated Gray Warbler 1 ------(Setophaga nigrescens) (1) Townsend's Warbler 6 3 1 3 4 4 (Setophaga townsendi) (2) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) warbler sp. (Parulidae sp.) 1 1 ------(Parulidae sp.) (1) (1) Chipping Sparrow (Spizella 1 1 ------passerina) (1) (1) 1 Fox Sparrow (Passerella iliaca)------(1) Dark-eyed Junco (Junco 3 6 4 3 -- -- hyemalis) (2) (1) (1) (1) White-crowned Sparrow 131 45 91 41 54 158 (Zonotrichia leucophrys) (2) (1) (2) (1) (1) (1) Golden-crowned Sparrow 5 17 3 6 33 -- (Zonotrichia atricapilla) (2) (2) (1) (1) (1) Savannah Sparrow 1 1 1 1 -- -- (Passerculus sandwichensis) (1) (1) (1) (1) Song Sparrow (Melospiza 31 6 19 10 15 14 melodia) (2) (1) (2) (1) (1) (1) Lincoln's Sparrow (Melospiza 5 2 5 4 2 10 lincolnii) (1) (1) (2) (1) (1) (1) California Towhee (Melozone 12 3 8 4 4 8 crissalis) (2) (1) (2) (1) (1) (1) Spotted Towhee (Pipilo 1 ------maculatus) (1) Red-winged Blackbird 14 ------(Agelaius phoeniceus) (1) Western Meadowlark 1 ------(Sturnella neglecta) (1) Brewer's Blackbird (Euphagus 1 1 ------cyanocephalus) (1) (1) Great-tailed Grackle 1 ------(Quiscalus mexicanus) (1) Brown-headed Cowbird 2 ------(Molothrus ater) (1) House Finch (Haemorhous 96 2 49 46 3 36 mexicanus) (2) (1) (2) (1) (1) (1) Purple Finch (Haemorhous 1 2 1 ------purpureus) (1) (1) (1) 36 33 Pine Siskin (Spinus pinus)------(1) (1) Lesser Goldfinch (Spinus 4 1 8 5 12 -- psaltria) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) American Goldfinch (Spinus 2 2 3 12 -- -- tristis) (1) (1) (1) (1) House Sparrow (Passer 17 1 31 13 7 7 domesticus) (2) (1) (2) (1) (1) (1)

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MONTH REPORT: Species Totals

Report Details

Total # of 74 Nov 1, 2015 - Nov 30, Species: Date range: 2015 Total # of 4 Checklists: Location(s): San Lorenzo River (within Santa Cruz)

Summary Nov Nov Nov Nov Nov Nov 1-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-25 26-30 Number of Species47--475944-- Number of Individuals 752 -- 856 814 415 -- Number of Checklists 1 -- 1 1 1 --

Total Number of Birds (sample size) Nov Nov Nov Nov Nov Nov Species Name 1-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-25 26-30 Canada Goose (Branta 11 9 ------canadensis) (1) (1) 72 40 14 4 Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) -- -- (1) (1) (1) (1) 13 21 14 12 Bufflehead (Bucephala albeola) -- -- (1) (1) (1) (1) Common Goldeneye 3 26 ------(Bucephala clangula) (1) (1) Common Merganser (Mergus 1 6 2 ------merganser) (1) (1) (1) Ruddy Duck (Oxyura 4 3 1 2 -- -- jamaicensis) (1) (1) (1) (1) Pied-billed Grebe (Podilymbus 3 11 12 7 -- -- podiceps) (1) (1) (1) (1) Horned Grebe (Podiceps 5 1 ------auritus) (1) (1) Eared Grebe (Podiceps 10 4 2 ------nigricollis) (1) (1) (1) Double-crested Cormorant 4 4 54 1 -- -- (Phalacrocorax auritus) (1) (1) (1) (1) Great Blue Heron (Ardea 4 3 3 1 -- -- herodias) (1) (1) (1) (1) 6 5 2 6 Snowy Egret (Egretta thula) -- -- (1) (1) (1) (1) Turkey Vulture (Cathartes 1 1 ------aura) (1) (1) 1 1 1 Osprey (Pandion haliaetus)------(1) (1) (1)

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Red-shouldered Hawk (Buteo 1 1 1 ------lineatus) (1) (1) (1) Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo 1 ------jamaicensis) (1) 1 Sora (Porzana carolina)------(1) Common Gallinule (Gallinula 1 ------galeata) (1) American Coot (Fulica 149 113 158 85 -- -- americana) (1) (1) (1) (1) 2 Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus)------(1) Spotted Sandpiper (Actitis 1 1 ------macularius) (1) (1) Wilson's Snipe (Gallinago 1 1 1 ------delicata) (1) (1) (1) Heermann's Gull (Larus 21 ------heermanni) (1) 5 Mew Gull (Larus canus)------(1) Ring-billed Gull (Larus 2 1 ------delawarensis) (1) (1) Western Gull (Larus 93 141 50 18 -- -- occidentalis) (1) (1) (1) (1) California Gull (Larus 5 19 9 23 -- -- californicus) (1) (1) (1) (1) Herring Gull (Larus 3 ------argentatus) (1) 3 Thayer's Gull (Larus thayeri)------(1) Glaucous-winged Gull (Larus 1 2 ------glaucescens) (1) (1) 2 Larus sp. (Larus sp.)------(1) 26 71 14 28 Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) -- -- (1) (1) (1) (1) Mourning Dove (Zenaida 9 5 7 2 -- -- macroura) (1) (1) (1) (1) Anna's Hummingbird (Calypte 10 3 17 5 -- -- anna) (1) (1) (1) (1) Belted Kingfisher (Megaceryle 1 1 3 1 -- -- alcyon) (1) (1) (1) (1) Downy Woodpecker (Picoides 1 ------pubescens) (1) Peregrine Falcon (Falco 1 ------peregrinus) (1) Black Phoebe (Sayornis 19 16 14 9 -- -- nigricans) (1) (1) (1) (1) Steller's Jay (Cyanocitta 1 ------stelleri) (1)

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Western Scrub-Jay 2 1 3 ------(Aphelocoma californica) (1) (1) (1) American Crow (Corvus 96 18 14 ------brachyrhynchos) (1) (1) (1) Common Raven (Corvus 3 ------corax) (1) Chestnut-backed Chickadee 6 1 1 ------(Poecile rufescens) (1) (1) (1) Oak Titmouse (Baeolophus 1 1 1 1 -- -- inornatus) (1) (1) (1) (1) 5 12 21 12 Bushtit (Psaltriparus minimus) -- -- (1) (1) (1) (1) Brown Creeper (Certhia 1 2 ------americana) (1) (1) House Wren (Troglodytes 1 ------aedon) (1) Marsh Wren (Cistothorus 9 2 5 1 -- -- palustris) (1) (1) (1) (1) Bewick's Wren (Thryomanes 5 2 ------bewickii) (1) (1) Golden-crowned Kinglet 1 ------(Regulus satrapa) (1) Ruby-crowned Kinglet 1 4 13 5 -- -- (Regulus calendula) (1) (1) (1) (1) Hermit Thrush (Catharus 2 ------guttatus) (1) Northern Mockingbird (Mimus 1 1 ------polyglottos) (1) (1) European Starling (Sturnus 9 8 ------vulgaris) (1) (1) Cedar Waxwing (Bombycilla 30 1 ------cedrorum) (1) (1) Common Yellowthroat 8 5 2 4 -- -- (Geothlypis trichas) (1) (1) (1) (1) Palm Warbler (Setophaga 1 ------palmarum) (1) Yellow-rumped Warbler 30 21 18 6 -- -- (Setophaga coronata) (1) (1) (1) (1) Townsend's Warbler 3 4 3 2 -- -- (Setophaga townsendi) (1) (1) (1) (1) Dark-eyed Junco (Junco 2 1 2 ------hyemalis) (1) (1) (1) White-crowned Sparrow 95 86 114 60 -- -- (Zonotrichia leucophrys) (1) (1) (1) (1) Golden-crowned Sparrow 20 9 27 31 -- -- (Zonotrichia atricapilla) (1) (1) (1) (1) Song Sparrow (Melospiza 12 11 16 5 -- -- melodia) (1) (1) (1) (1) Lincoln's Sparrow (Melospiza 2 6 2 ------lincolnii) (1) (1) (1)

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California Towhee (Melozone 4 3 1 2 -- -- crissalis) (1) (1) (1) (1) Brewer's Blackbird (Euphagus 1 6 ------cyanocephalus) (1) (1) Great-tailed Grackle 2 ------(Quiscalus mexicanus) (1) House Finch (Haemorhous 24 87 53 7 -- -- mexicanus) (1) (1) (1) (1) Purple Finch (Haemorhous 1 ------purpureus) (1) Red Crossbill (Loxia 15 ------curvirostra) (1) 10 29 Pine Siskin (Spinus pinus) ------(1) (1) Lesser Goldfinch (Spinus 5 4 12 ------psaltria) (1) (1) (1) American Goldfinch (Spinus 20 4 25 2 -- -- tristis) (1) (1) (1) (1) House Sparrow (Passer 4 4 7 3 -- -- domesticus) (1) (1) (1) (1)

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Appendix B. Ebird Data Plots

KEC 2015 Results

Full Ebird Dataset of All Recorded Observations

for

San Lorenzo River within Santa Cruz

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Date Range: 8/1 - 11/30, 2015-2015 Separate Years For [ San Lorenzo River (within Santa Cruz) ]

103 species (+6 other taxa) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Canada Goose (Branta canadensis) MAP

Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) MAP

Bufflehead (Bucephala albeola) MAP Common Goldeneye (Bucephala MAP clangula) Common Merganser (Mergus MAP merganser)

Ruddy Duck (Oxyura jamaicensis) MAP Pied-billed Grebe (Podilymbus MAP podiceps)

Horned Grebe (Podiceps auritus) MAP

Eared Grebe (Podiceps nigricollis) MAP Double-crested Cormorant MAP (Phalacrocorax auritus) Pelagic Cormorant (Phalacrocorax MAP pelagicus) Brown Pelican (Pelecanus MAP occidentalis)

Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias) MAP

Great Egret (Ardea alba) MAP

Snowy Egret (Egretta thula) MAP Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Green Heron (Butorides virescens) MAP Black-crowned Night-Heron MAP (Nycticorax nycticorax)

Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) MAP

Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) MAP Sharp-shinned Hawk (Accipiter MAP striatus)

Cooper's Hawk (Accipiter cooperii) MAP Red-shouldered Hawk (Buteo MAP lineatus)

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103 species (+6 other taxa) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo MAP jamaicensis)

Virginia Rail (Rallus limicola) MAP

Sora (Porzana carolina) MAP Common Gallinule (Gallinula MAP galeata)

American Coot (Fulica americana) MAP

Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus) MAP Spotted Sandpiper (Actitis MAP macularius)

Wilson's Snipe (Gallinago delicata) MAP Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Red-necked Phalarope (Phalaropus MAP lobatus)

Heermann's Gull (Larus heermanni) MAP

Mew Gull (Larus canus) MAP Ring-billed Gull (Larus MAP delawarensis)

Western Gull (Larus occidentalis) MAP

California Gull (Larus californicus) MAP

Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) MAP

Thayer's Gull (Larus thayeri) MAP Glaucous-winged Gull (Larus MAP glaucescens)

Larus sp. (Larus sp.) MAP

gull sp. (Larinae sp.) MAP

Elegant Tern (Thalasseus elegans) MAP

Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) MAP Eurasian Collared-Dove MAP (Streptopelia decaocto)

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura) MAP Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Anna's Hummingbird (Calypte MAP anna) Rufous/Allen's Hummingbird MAP (Selasphorus rufus/sasin)

hummingbird sp. (Trochilidae sp.) MAP Belted Kingfisher (Megaceryle MAP alcyon) Downy Woodpecker (Picoides MAP pubescens)

Merlin (Falco columbarius) MAP

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) MAP

Black Phoebe (Sayornis nigricans) MAP

Say's Phoebe (Sayornis saya) MAP Tropical Kingbird (Tyrannus MAP melancholicus)

2 of 4 12/30/2015 2:55 PM Explore Data http://ebird.org/ebird/ca/GuideMe?src=changeDate&getLocations=myL...

103 species (+6 other taxa) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Warbling Vireo (Vireo gilvus) MAP

Steller's Jay (Cyanocitta stelleri) MAP Western Scrub-Jay (Aphelocoma MAP californica) American Crow (Corvus MAP brachyrhynchos)

Common Raven (Corvus corax) MAP Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica) MAP Chestnut-backed Chickadee (Poecile MAP rufescens) Oak Titmouse (Baeolophus MAP inornatus)

Bushtit (Psaltriparus minimus) MAP Red-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta MAP canadensis)

Brown Creeper (Certhia americana) MAP

House Wren (Troglodytes aedon) MAP

Marsh Wren (Cistothorus palustris) MAP Bewick's Wren (Thryomanes MAP bewickii) Golden-crowned Kinglet (Regulus MAP satrapa) Ruby-crowned Kinglet (Regulus MAP calendula)

Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus) MAP Northern Mockingbird (Mimus MAP polyglottos) European Starling (Sturnus MAP vulgaris) Cedar Waxwing (Bombycilla MAP cedrorum) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Tennessee Warbler (Oreothlypis MAP peregrina) Orange-crowned Warbler MAP (Oreothlypis celata) Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis MAP trichas) Yellow Warbler (Setophaga MAP petechia) Palm Warbler (Setophaga MAP palmarum) Yellow-rumped Warbler (Setophaga MAP coronata) Black-throated Gray Warbler MAP (Setophaga nigrescens) Townsend's Warbler (Setophaga MAP townsendi)

Wilson's Warbler (Cardellina pusilla) MAP

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103 species (+6 other taxa) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec warbler sp. (Parulidae sp.) MAP (Parulidae sp.) Chipping Sparrow (Spizella MAP passerina)

Fox Sparrow (Passerella iliaca) MAP

Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis) MAP White-crowned Sparrow MAP (Zonotrichia leucophrys) Golden-crowned Sparrow MAP (Zonotrichia atricapilla) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus MAP sandwichensis)

Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia) MAP Lincoln's Sparrow (Melospiza MAP lincolnii) California Towhee (Melozone MAP crissalis)

Spotted Towhee (Pipilo maculatus) MAP sparrow sp. (Emberizidae sp. MAP (sparrow sp.)) Black-headed Grosbeak (Pheucticus MAP melanocephalus) Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius MAP phoeniceus) Western Meadowlark (Sturnella MAP neglecta) Brewer's Blackbird (Euphagus MAP cyanocephalus) Great-tailed Grackle (Quiscalus MAP mexicanus) Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus MAP ater) House Finch (Haemorhous MAP mexicanus) Purple Finch (Haemorhous MAP purpureus)

Red Crossbill (Loxia curvirostra) MAP Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Pine Siskin (Spinus pinus) MAP

Lesser Goldfinch (Spinus psaltria) MAP

American Goldfinch (Spinus tristis) MAP

House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) MAP

KEY:| = insufficient data | = rare to widespread Download Histogram Data

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Date Range: 1/1 - 12/31, 1900-2016 Combine Years For [ San Lorenzo River (within Santa Cruz) ]

202 species (+26 other taxa) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Greater White-fronted Goose (Anser MAP albifrons)

Ross's Goose (Chen rossii) MAP

Cackling Goose (Branta hutchinsii) MAP

Canada Goose (Branta canadensis) MAP

Wood Duck (Aix sponsa) MAP

Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) MAP Mallard (Domestic type) (Anas MAP platyrhynchos (Domestic type))

Northern Shoveler (Anas clypeata) MAP

Northern Pintail (Anas acuta) MAP

Green-winged Teal (Anas crecca) MAP

Ring-necked Duck (Aythya collaris) MAP

Greater Scaup (Aythya marila) MAP

Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis) MAP Greater/Lesser Scaup (Aythya MAP marila/affinis)

Surf Scoter (Melanitta perspicillata) MAP Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Bufflehead (Bucephala albeola) MAP Common Goldeneye (Bucephala MAP clangula) Hooded Merganser (Lophodytes MAP cucullatus) Common Merganser (Mergus MAP merganser) Red-breasted Merganser (Mergus MAP serrator)

Ruddy Duck (Oxyura jamaicensis) MAP

duck sp. (Anatinae sp.) MAP

Red-throated Loon (Gavia stellata) MAP

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202 species (+26 other taxa) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Pacific Loon (Gavia pacifica) MAP

Common Loon (Gavia immer) MAP Pied-billed Grebe (Podilymbus MAP podiceps)

Horned Grebe (Podiceps auritus) MAP

Eared Grebe (Podiceps nigricollis) MAP Western Grebe (Aechmophorus MAP occidentalis) Clark's Grebe (Aechmophorus MAP clarkii) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Western/Clark's Grebe MAP (Aechmophorus occidentalis/clarkii) Brandt's Cormorant (Phalacrocorax MAP penicillatus) Double-crested Cormorant MAP (Phalacrocorax auritus) Pelagic Cormorant (Phalacrocorax MAP pelagicus)

cormorant sp. (Phalacrocorax sp.) MAP Brown Pelican (Pelecanus MAP occidentalis) American Bittern (Botaurus MAP lentiginosus)

Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias) MAP

Great Egret (Ardea alba) MAP

Snowy Egret (Egretta thula) MAP

Green Heron (Butorides virescens) MAP Black-crowned Night-Heron MAP (Nycticorax nycticorax)

Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) MAP

Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) MAP

White-tailed Kite (Elanus leucurus) MAP Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Northern Harrier (Circus cyaneus) MAP Sharp-shinned Hawk (Accipiter MAP striatus)

Cooper's Hawk (Accipiter cooperii) MAP

Accipiter sp. (Accipiter sp.) MAP Red-shouldered Hawk (Buteo MAP lineatus) Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo MAP jamaicensis)

Buteo sp. (Buteo sp.) MAP

hawk sp. (Accipitridae sp.) MAP

Virginia Rail (Rallus limicola) MAP

Sora (Porzana carolina) MAP

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202 species (+26 other taxa) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Common Gallinule (Gallinula MAP galeata)

American Coot (Fulica americana) MAP Black-necked Stilt (Himantopus MAP mexicanus) American Avocet (Recurvirostra MAP americana) Black-bellied Plover (Pluvialis MAP squatarola) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Semipalmated Plover (Charadrius MAP semipalmatus)

Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus) MAP Spotted Sandpiper (Actitis MAP macularius)

Solitary Sandpiper (Tringa solitaria) MAP Greater Yellowlegs (Tringa MAP melanoleuca)

Willet (Tringa semipalmata) MAP

Whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus) MAP Long-billed Curlew (Numenius MAP americanus)

Marbled Godwit (Limosa fedoa) MAP Black Turnstone (Arenaria MAP melanocephala)

Surfbird (Calidris virgata) MAP

Sanderling (Calidris alba) MAP

Dunlin (Calidris alpina) MAP

Least Sandpiper (Calidris minutilla) MAP

Western Sandpiper (Calidris mauri) MAP Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

peep sp. (Calidris sp. (peep sp.)) MAP Short-billed Dowitcher MAP (Limnodromus griseus) Long-billed Dowitcher MAP (Limnodromus scolopaceus)

Wilson's Snipe (Gallinago delicata) MAP Red-necked Phalarope (Phalaropus MAP lobatus) Pigeon Guillemot (Cepphus MAP columba) Bonaparte's Gull (Chroicocephalus MAP philadelphia)

Little Gull (Hydrocoloeus minutus) MAP

Heermann's Gull (Larus heermanni) MAP

Mew Gull (Larus canus) MAP Ring-billed Gull (Larus MAP delawarensis)

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202 species (+26 other taxa) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Western Gull (Larus occidentalis) MAP

California Gull (Larus californicus) MAP

Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) MAP

Thayer's Gull (Larus thayeri) MAP Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Glaucous-winged Gull (Larus MAP glaucescens) Western x Glaucous-winged Gull (hybrid) (Larus occidentalis x MAP glaucescens) Herring x Glaucous-winged Gull (hybrid) (Larus argentatus x MAP glaucescens)

Glaucous Gull (Larus hyperboreus) MAP Herring x Glaucous Gull (hybrid) MAP (Larus argentatus x hyperboreus)

Larus sp. (Larus sp.) MAP

gull sp. (Larinae sp.) MAP

Caspian Tern (Hydroprogne caspia) MAP

Elegant Tern (Thalasseus elegans) MAP

Black Skimmer (Rynchops niger) MAP

Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) MAP Band-tailed Pigeon (Patagioenas MAP fasciata) Eurasian Collared-Dove MAP (Streptopelia decaocto)

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura) MAP Great Horned Owl (Bubo MAP virginianus) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Vaux's Swift (Chaetura vauxi) MAP Anna's Hummingbird (Calypte MAP anna) Rufous Hummingbird (Selasphorus MAP rufus) Allen's Hummingbird (Selasphorus MAP sasin) Rufous/Allen's Hummingbird MAP (Selasphorus rufus/sasin)

hummingbird sp. (Trochilidae sp.) MAP Belted Kingfisher (Megaceryle MAP alcyon) Acorn Woodpecker (Melanerpes MAP formicivorus) Red-breasted Sapsucker MAP (Sphyrapicus ruber) Nuttall's Woodpecker (Picoides MAP nuttallii)

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202 species (+26 other taxa) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Downy Woodpecker (Picoides MAP pubescens) Hairy Woodpecker (Picoides MAP villosus) Downy/Hairy Woodpecker (Picoides MAP pubescens/villosus)

Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus) MAP

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) MAP Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Merlin (Falco columbarius) MAP

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) MAP

falcon sp. (Falco sp.) MAP Olive-sided Flycatcher (Contopus MAP cooperi) Western Wood-Pewee (Contopus MAP sordidulus) Hammond's Flycatcher (Empidonax MAP hammondii) Pacific-slope Flycatcher (Empidonax MAP difficilis)

Black Phoebe (Sayornis nigricans) MAP

Eastern Phoebe (Sayornis phoebe) MAP

Say's Phoebe (Sayornis saya) MAP Vermilion Flycatcher (Pyrocephalus MAP rubinus) Dusky-capped Flycatcher MAP (Myiarchus tuberculifer) Ash-throated Flycatcher (Myiarchus MAP cinerascens) Tropical Kingbird (Tyrannus MAP melancholicus) Western Kingbird (Tyrannus MAP verticalis) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Eastern Kingbird (Tyrannus MAP tyrannus) Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius MAP ludovicianus)

Plumbeous Vireo (Vireo plumbeus) MAP

Hutton's Vireo (Vireo huttoni) MAP

Warbling Vireo (Vireo gilvus) MAP

Steller's Jay (Cyanocitta stelleri) MAP Western Scrub-Jay (Aphelocoma MAP californica) American Crow (Corvus MAP brachyrhynchos)

Common Raven (Corvus corax) MAP Northern Rough-winged Swallow MAP (Stelgidopteryx serripennis)

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202 species (+26 other taxa) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) MAP Violet-green Swallow (Tachycineta MAP thalassina)

Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica) MAP Cliff Swallow (Petrochelidon MAP pyrrhonota)

swallow sp. (Hirundinidae sp.) MAP Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Chestnut-backed Chickadee (Poecile MAP rufescens) Oak Titmouse (Baeolophus MAP inornatus)

Bushtit (Psaltriparus minimus) MAP Red-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta MAP canadensis)

Pygmy Nuthatch (Sitta pygmaea) MAP

Brown Creeper (Certhia americana) MAP

House Wren (Troglodytes aedon) MAP

Marsh Wren (Cistothorus palustris) MAP Bewick's Wren (Thryomanes MAP bewickii) Golden-crowned Kinglet (Regulus MAP satrapa) Ruby-crowned Kinglet (Regulus MAP calendula) Swainson's Thrush (Catharus MAP ustulatus)

Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus) MAP American Robin (Turdus MAP migratorius)

Varied Thrush (Ixoreus naevius) MAP Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec California Thrasher (Toxostoma MAP redivivum) Northern Mockingbird (Mimus MAP polyglottos) European Starling (Sturnus MAP vulgaris)

American Pipit (Anthus rubescens) MAP Cedar Waxwing (Bombycilla MAP cedrorum) Northern Waterthrush (Parkesia MAP noveboracensis) Black-and-white Warbler (Mniotilta MAP varia) Tennessee Warbler (Oreothlypis MAP peregrina) Orange-crowned Warbler MAP (Oreothlypis celata)

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202 species (+26 other taxa) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Nashville Warbler (Oreothlypis MAP ruficapilla) Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis MAP trichas) Yellow Warbler (Setophaga MAP petechia) Palm Warbler (Setophaga MAP palmarum) Yellow-rumped Warbler (Setophaga MAP coronata) Black-throated Gray Warbler MAP (Setophaga nigrescens) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Townsend's Warbler (Setophaga MAP townsendi) Hermit Warbler (Setophaga MAP occidentalis)

Wilson's Warbler (Cardellina pusilla) MAP warbler sp. (Parulidae sp.) MAP (Parulidae sp.) Grasshopper Sparrow MAP (Ammodramus savannarum) Chipping Sparrow (Spizella MAP passerina) Clay-colored Sparrow (Spizella MAP pallida) Lark Sparrow (Chondestes MAP grammacus)

Fox Sparrow (Passerella iliaca) MAP

Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis) MAP White-crowned Sparrow MAP (Zonotrichia leucophrys) Golden-crowned Sparrow MAP (Zonotrichia atricapilla) White-throated Sparrow MAP (Zonotrichia albicollis) Vesper Sparrow (Pooecetes MAP gramineus) Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus MAP sandwichensis) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia) MAP Lincoln's Sparrow (Melospiza MAP lincolnii) Swamp Sparrow (Melospiza MAP georgiana) California Towhee (Melozone MAP crissalis)

Spotted Towhee (Pipilo maculatus) MAP sparrow sp. (Emberizidae sp. MAP (sparrow sp.))

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202 species (+26 other taxa) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Western Tanager (Piranga MAP ludoviciana) Rose-breasted Grosbeak MAP (Pheucticus ludovicianus) Black-headed Grosbeak (Pheucticus MAP melanocephalus)

Lazuli Bunting (Passerina amoena) MAP

Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea) MAP Lazuli/Indigo Bunting (Passerina MAP amoena/cyanea)

Passerina sp. (Passerina sp.) MAP Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius MAP phoeniceus) Western Meadowlark (Sturnella MAP neglecta) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Brewer's Blackbird (Euphagus MAP cyanocephalus) Common Grackle (Quiscalus MAP quiscula) Great-tailed Grackle (Quiscalus MAP mexicanus) Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus MAP ater)

Hooded Oriole (Icterus cucullatus) MAP

Bullock's Oriole (Icterus bullockii) MAP

blackbird sp. (Icteridae sp.) MAP

Brambling (Fringilla montifringilla) MAP House Finch (Haemorhous MAP mexicanus) Purple Finch (Haemorhous MAP purpureus) House/Purple Finch (Haemorhous MAP mexicanus/purpureus)

Red Crossbill (Loxia curvirostra) MAP

Pine Siskin (Spinus pinus) MAP

Lesser Goldfinch (Spinus psaltria) MAP

American Goldfinch (Spinus tristis) MAP Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Spinus sp. (goldfinch sp.) (Spinus MAP sp. (goldfinch sp.)) Evening Grosbeak (Coccothraustes MAP vespertinus)

House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) MAP

Download Histogram Data KEY:| = insufficient data | = rare to widespread

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