DOCSLIB.ORG

WI Afrwbirdcensen-FR 1998.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
WI Afrwbirdcensen-FR 1998.Pdf AFRICAN WATERBIRD CENSUS COVERAGE Participating Countries, April 1997 - March 1998 COUVERTURE GEOGRAPHIQUE DES DENOMBREMENTS D’OISEAUX D’EAU EN AFRIQUE Pays participants, avril 1997 - mars 1998 Participating countries, April 1997 - March 1998 Pays participants, avril 1997 - mars 1998 1 INTRODUCTION This report This publication comprises results and overviews of wetland surveys and waterbird counts between April 1997 and March 1998, centred around the key months of July 1997 and January 1998. It is the eighth annual African Waterbird Census (AfWC) report and, like previous editions, is presented in both English and French. Copyright has been waived to encourage reproduction of reports and the practical use of data for wetland and waterbird conservation. The report is divided into five sub-regional sections, within which national overviews are followed by tables summarising waterbird data at the sub-regional level and potential Ramsar sites found to meet Ramsar criterion 3(c). A sub-regional summary discussion of the region’s results and other related topics is also presented. The final section provides additional information related to the AfWC, notably updates from the Conventions, Waterbird Specialist Groups and partners, lists of National Coordinators and waterbirds, and a bibliography. This year the report has been produced in Africa for the first time in our West Africa office in Dakar, Senegal. We do sincerely apologise to regular readers for our abnormal delay, which has resulted principally from this phase of relocation and the launch of new African projects, some bringing direct support to the AfWC. Participation and Coverage A record number of 30 countries participated, including Gabon once more and The Congo for the first time. Notable gaps in coverage include Chad, Sudan and Togo, which have all participated before. New National Coordinators appointed in 1998 were Georges Oueda (Burkina Faso), Jérôme Mokoko (The Congo), Amadou Camara (The Gambia), Brahim Messaoud (Mauritania), Sara Diouf (Senegal), Emmanuel Williams (Sierra Leone) and Paul van Daele (Zambia). Census developments In late 1997, we published A Preliminary Waterbird Monitoring Strategy for Africa (Dodman, 1997), which used the results of a workshop, questionnaires and other sources to propose a strategy for applied programmes of waterbird monitoring in Africa. Ten AfWC goals and a range of action points were distilled from these sources. Since then we’ve managed to fulfil some network-wide actions, including: • establishment of AfWC Steering Committee (see below); • development of new census and site forms, with site forms using Ramsar wetland classification system and codes; • launch of major support programmes in West Africa, with a special focus on training and on the development of national networks, e.g. for field surveys; • commencing procedures for eventual transfer and subsequent management of the AfWC database in Africa. 2 African Waterbird Census Steering Committee This Committee, formed on recommendation of the AfWC network, met for the first time in November 1998, when a number of action points were developed. Some of these are already in place, including adoption of two new AfWC regions – ‘Central Africa’ and ‘Madagascar and Indian Ocean Islands’. This led to another (hopefully final!) reworking of regional census forms, which should be more comprehensive. Anglophones will notice another decision - the change of waterfowl to waterbird in the AfWC name, better reflecting the wide spectrum of waterbird families included in the census; both terms are used in this report. Another decision underway is the development of an AfWC Training Manual, now being compiled by Barry Taylor in South Africa. Regional Coordinators have also been appointed; all are members of this Committee. You can find their names in each regional discussion and their addresses at the back, so please get in touch with them! Conventions and Agreements: Ramsar & AEWA Two Ramsar sub-regional meetings were held in 1997 and 1998: West Africa (May 1997, Senegal) and Southern Africa (February 1998, South Africa). Both contributed to the Africa Regional meeting (July 1998, Uganda), preparing Africa well for input to the 7th Conference of the Parties (May 1999, Costa Rica). Two countries have signed the Convention since last year’s report, each designating Ramsar sites: Complexe des lacs de Manambolomaty and Lac Tsimanampetsotsa in Madagascar and Lac Télé/Likouala-aux-Herbes in The Congo. The African Eurasian Migratory Waterbird Agreement (AEWA) was opened for signature in August 1996 and will come into force when 7 African and 7 Eurasian countries have signed and ratified. Africa made some positive AEWA developments during 1997/98. The first Meeting of the Parties will take place in November 1999 in South Africa, back-to-back with the Conference of the Parties of Bonn Convention (CMS). Wetlands International Staff involved in the AfWC Finally, a quick word about ‘us’. I am based in Dakar, along with Issa Sylla (West Africa Programme Coordinator), Abdoulaye Ndiaye (Training Officer), Hilaire Yaokokoré Béibro (Technical Assistant, AfWC), Yolande Pereira (Administrator) and Marie Cisse (Programme Assistant). Michael Oneka (Technical Advisor - Africa Programme), Claire Nivet (Sub-Regional Programme Assistant) and Edith Hubert (Technical Assistant) are all based in our headquarters in The Netherlands. Cor de Vaan completed his secondment and is back getting his feet wet in Dutch polders! We look forward to hearing from you, and apologies for our AfWC relocation hiccups. Tim Dodman Africa Programme Development Officer Wetlands International, Senegal ([email protected]) 3 INTRODUCTION Le rapport Cette publication contient les résultats et les rapports de suivi et de dénombrement des oiseaux d’eau réalisés entre les mois d’avril 1997 et mars 1998, avec un accent particulier sur les mois - clés de juillet 1997 et janvier 1998. C’est le huitième rapport annuel des dénombrements d'oiseaux d’eau en Afrique (DOEA) et, à l’instar des précédentes éditions, il est présenté dans les deux versions anglaise et française. Nous renonçons au Copyright pour vous encourager à reproduire les rapports et à faire un usage pratique des données pour la conservation des zones humides et des oiseaux d’eau. Ce rapport est divisé en cinq parties sous-régionales, dans lesquelles les rapports nationaux sont accompagnés de tableaux récapitulatifs des données sur les oiseaux d'eau au niveau sous-régional, ainsi que les sites Ramsar potentiels qui remplissent le critère Ramsar 3(c). Une discussion sommaire sous-régionale des résultats, mais aussi d’autres sujets d’importance pour la région est également présentée. Dans la dernière partie, des informations supplémentaires sont fournies sur les DOEA, notamment un bref rappel de mise à niveau relatif aux Conventions, aux Groupes de spécialistes des oiseaux d’eau, aux partenaires, la liste des Coordinateurs Nationaux et des oiseaux d'eau, et une bibliographie. Pour la première fois cette année, le rapport a été produit en terre africaine par notre bureau pour l’Afrique de l’Ouest à Dakar, Sénégal. Nous nous excusons sincèrement auprès de nos lecteurs assidus du retard anormal accusé dans la parution et qu’il convient d’imputer surtout à la re-localisation et au démarrage de nouveaux projets pour l’Afrique, dont certains appuient directement les DOEA. Participation et couverture Un nombre record de pays a participé cette année - 30 au total - dont le Gabon une fois encore et le Congo pour la première fois. Les grands absents auront été le Tchad, le Soudan et le Togo, qui ont tous participé auparavant. De nouveaux Coordinateurs Nationaux ont été nommés en 1998 : Georges Ouéda (Burkina Faso), Jérôme Mokoko (Congo), Amadou Camara (Gambie), Brahim Messaoud (Mauritanie), Sara Diouf (Sénégal), Emmanuel Williams (Sierra Leone) et Paul van Daele (Zambie). Développement des dénombrements Vers la fin de 1997, nous avons publié la Stratégie Préliminaire pour le Suivi des Oiseaux d’Eau en Afrique (Dodman, 1997), basé sur les résultats d’un atelier, mais aussi de questionnaires et d'autres sources pour proposer une stratégie pour les programmes pratiques de suivi des oiseaux d'eau en Afrique. Dix objectifs et une kyrielle de tâches à accomplir ont été distillés à partir de ces sources. Depuis lors nous avons essayé de mener certaines actions impliquant tout le réseau DOEA, notamment: 4 • La mise en place d’un Comité Directeur des DOEA (voir ci-dessous); • L'élaboration de nouveaux formulaires de comptage et de site, avec des formulaires de site utilisant le système et les codes de classification Ramsar des zones humides; • Le lancement de grands programmes d’appui en Afrique de l’Ouest, avec un accent particulier sur la formation et sur la mise en place de réseaux nationaux, par ex. pour les suivis de terrain; • La mise en place des procédures pour un éventuel transfert et par conséquent une gestion des bases de données des DOEA en Afrique. Comité Directeur des DOEA Ce comité, mis en place sur recommandation du réseau des DOEA, s’est réuni pour la première fois en novembre 1998, après qu’un certain nombre de tâches ont été identifiées. Des actions sont déjà initiées, parmi lesquelles l’adoption de deux nouvelles régions de DOEA : ‘’Afrique centrale" et "Madagascar et les îles de l’Océan indien". Par conséquent, il a fallu reprendre (pour la dernière fois, j’espère!) les formulaires régionaux de comptage, pour qu’ils soient le plus complet possible. Les anglophones ne manqueront certainement pas de voir l’autre décision : le changement de waterfowl en waterbird dans l’intitulé en anglais devenu maintenant African Waterbird Census, pour mieux refléter le large spectre des familles d’oiseaux d’eau concernés par les dénombrements ; dans ce rapport nous utilisons les deux termes. Autre décision en cours, la production d’un manuel de formation pour les DOEA, dont la compilation actuellement en cours est réalisée par Barry Taylor en Afrique du Sud. Les Coordinateurs Régionaux ont également été nommés; ils sont tous membres de ce comité.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Environmental Hydrogeology of Lobatse South East District, Republic of Botswana
    Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe Geozentrum Hannover, Germany Environmental Hydrogeology of Lobatse South East District, Republic of Botswana by Katharina Beger, June 2001 Edited by Dr. H. Vogel Table of contents 1. Abstract.............................................................................................................................1 2. Acknowledgements ...........................................................................................................1 3. Introduction ......................................................................................................................2 3.1.1. Project objectives .............................................................................................2 3.1.2. Background......................................................................................................2 4. Geography and geology of the project area .....................................................................4 4.1.1. Geography .......................................................................................................4 4.1.1.1. Location ....................................................................................................5 4.1.1.2. Morphology ...............................................................................................5 4.1.1.3. Climate ......................................................................................................5 4.1.1.4. Settlement, infrastructure and land use .......................................................6
    [Show full text]
  • Tinamiformes – Falconiformes
    LIST OF THE 2,008 BIRD SPECIES (WITH SCIENTIFIC AND ENGLISH NAMES) KNOWN FROM THE A.O.U. CHECK-LIST AREA. Notes: "(A)" = accidental/casualin A.O.U. area; "(H)" -- recordedin A.O.U. area only from Hawaii; "(I)" = introducedinto A.O.U. area; "(N)" = has not bred in A.O.U. area but occursregularly as nonbreedingvisitor; "?" precedingname = extinct. TINAMIFORMES TINAMIDAE Tinamus major Great Tinamou. Nothocercusbonapartei Highland Tinamou. Crypturellus soui Little Tinamou. Crypturelluscinnamomeus Thicket Tinamou. Crypturellusboucardi Slaty-breastedTinamou. Crypturellus kerriae Choco Tinamou. GAVIIFORMES GAVIIDAE Gavia stellata Red-throated Loon. Gavia arctica Arctic Loon. Gavia pacifica Pacific Loon. Gavia immer Common Loon. Gavia adamsii Yellow-billed Loon. PODICIPEDIFORMES PODICIPEDIDAE Tachybaptusdominicus Least Grebe. Podilymbuspodiceps Pied-billed Grebe. ?Podilymbusgigas Atitlan Grebe. Podicepsauritus Horned Grebe. Podicepsgrisegena Red-neckedGrebe. Podicepsnigricollis Eared Grebe. Aechmophorusoccidentalis Western Grebe. Aechmophorusclarkii Clark's Grebe. PROCELLARIIFORMES DIOMEDEIDAE Thalassarchechlororhynchos Yellow-nosed Albatross. (A) Thalassarchecauta Shy Albatross.(A) Thalassarchemelanophris Black-browed Albatross. (A) Phoebetriapalpebrata Light-mantled Albatross. (A) Diomedea exulans WanderingAlbatross. (A) Phoebastriaimmutabilis Laysan Albatross. Phoebastrianigripes Black-lootedAlbatross. Phoebastriaalbatrus Short-tailedAlbatross. (N) PROCELLARIIDAE Fulmarus glacialis Northern Fulmar. Pterodroma neglecta KermadecPetrel. (A) Pterodroma
    [Show full text]
  • Botswana Environment Statistics Water Digest 2018
    Botswana Environment Statistics Water Digest 2018 Private Bag 0024 Gaborone TOLL FREE NUMBER: 0800600200 Tel: ( +267) 367 1300 Fax: ( +267) 395 2201 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.statsbots.org.bw Published by STATISTICS BOTSWANA Private Bag 0024, Gaborone Phone: 3671300 Fax: 3952201 Email: [email protected] Website: www.statsbots.org.bw Contact Unit: Environment Statistics Unit Phone: 367 1300 ISBN: 978-99968-482-3-0 (e-book) Copyright © Statistics Botswana 2020 No part of this information shall be reproduced, stored in a Retrieval system, or even transmitted in any form or by any means, whether electronically, mechanically, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of Statistics Botswana. BOTSWANA ENVIRONMENT STATISTICS WATER DIGEST 2018 Statistics Botswana PREFACE This is Statistics Botswana’s annual Botswana Environment Statistics: Water Digest. It is the first solely water statistics annual digest. This Digest will provide data for use by decision-makers in water management and development and provide tools for the monitoring of trends in water statistics. The indicators in this report cover data on dam levels, water production, billed water consumption, non-revenue water, and water supplied to mines. It is envisaged that coverage of indicators will be expanded as more data becomes available. International standards and guidelines were followed in the compilation of this report. The United Nations Framework for the Development of Environment Statistics (UNFDES) and the United Nations International Recommendations for Water Statistics were particularly useful guidelines. The data collected herein will feed into the UN System of Environmental Economic Accounting (SEEA) for water and hence facilitate an informed management of water resources.
    [Show full text]
  • Waterbird and Raptor Use of the Arcata Marsh And
    WATERBIRD AND RAPTOR USE OF THE ARCATA MARSH AND WILDLIFE SANCTUARY, HUMBOLDT COUNTY, CALIFORNIA, 1984-1986 by J. Mark Higley A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of Humboldt State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science December 1989 WATERBIRD AND RAPTOR USE OF THE ARCATA MARSH AND WILDLIFE SANCTUARY, HUMBOLDT COUNTY, CALIFORNIA, 1984-1986 by J. Mark Higley Approved by the Master's Thesis Committee Stanley W. Harris, Chairman David W. Kitchen Director, Natural Resources Graduate Program 89/W-180/12/15 Natural Resources Graduate Program Number Approved by the Dean of Graduate Studies Robert Willis ABSTRACT Waterbird use and aquatic vegetation structure of the Arcata Marsh and Wildlife Sanctuary, Humboldt County, California was studied from 9 May 1984 to 21 August 1986. Diurnal waterbird use of each marsh unit was determined by direct counts of all birds on each unit. An average of 2.4 surveys was conducted at high and also at low tide each week. Percent cover of the marsh units was determined by preparing cover maps from low altitude aerial photographs and standing crop biomass was calculated by harvesting samples from random plots. In Gearheart Marsh the coverage of common cattail alpha latifolia) nearly doubled between April 1985 and September 1987 while marsh pennywort (Hydrocotyle ranunculoides) nearly tripled. In September 198 sago pondweed (Potamogeton pectinatus) covered 77.2 percent of Gearheart Marsh. The peak sago pondweed standing crop present in Gearheart Marsh was measured in June 1985 (187.94 grams per square meter ± 113.08 g) and in June 1986 (132.77 grams per square meter ± 88.73 g).
    [Show full text]
  • Reese--Waterfowl Presentation
    Waterfowl – What they are and are not Great variety in sizes, shapes, colors All have webbed feet and bills Sibley reading is great for lots of facts and insights into the group Order Anseriformes Family Anatidae – 154 species worldwide, 44 in NA Subfamily Dendrocygninae – whistling ducks Subfamily Anserinae – geese & swans Subfamily Anatinae - ducks Handout • Indicates those species occurring regularly in ID Ducks = ?? Handout • Indicates those species occurring regularly in ID Ducks = 26 species Geese = ?? Handout • Indicates those species occurring regularly in ID Ducks = 26 species Geese = 6 (3 are rare) Swans = ?? Handout • Indicates those species occurring regularly in ID Ducks = 26 species Geese = 6 Swans = 2 What separates the 3 groups? Ducks - Geese - Swan - What separates the 3 groups? Ducks – smaller, shorter legs & necks Geese – long legs, graze in uplands Swan – shorter legs than geese, long necks, larger size, feed more often in water Non-waterfowl Cranes, rails – beak, rails have lobed feet Coots – bill but lobed feet Grebes – lobed feet Loons – webbed feet but sharp beak Woodcock and snipe – feet not webbed, beaks These are not on handout but are managed by USFWS as are waterfowl On handout: Subfamily Dendrocygninae – whistling ducks – used to be called tree ducks 2 species, more goose-like, longer necks and legs than most ducks, flight is faster than geese, but slower than other ducks Occur along gulf coast and Florida On handout: Subfamily Anserinae – geese and swans Tribe Cygnini – swans – 2 species Tribe Anserini –
    [Show full text]
  • Stormwater Management in Gaborone a Minor Field Study of the Quality and Quantity of Water in Segoditshane River
    Stormwater management in Gaborone A Minor Field Study of the quality and quantity of water in Segoditshane River Elin Andersson & Hanna Palm Johansson Water and Environmental Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering Master Thesis 2015 Stormwater management in Gaborone A Minorstudy ofField the Studyquality of and the quantityquality and of waterquantity in inSegoditshane Segoditshane River River by Elin Andersson & Hanna Palm Johansson Master Thesis number: 2015-19 Water and Environmental Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering Lund University September 2015 Supervisor: Senior lecturer Karin Jönsson Co-supervisor: Dr. Phillimon Odirile & Dr. Veronica Obuseng Examiner: Dr. Åsa Davidsson Picture on front page: Segoditshane River. Photo by Hanna Palm Johansson and Elin Andersson Postal address Visiting address Telephone P.O. Box 124 Getingevägen 60 +46 46-222 82 85 SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden +46 46-222 00 00 Web address Telefax www.vateknik.lth.se +46 46-222 45 26 Minor Field Study This study has been carried out within the framework of the Minor Field Studies (MFS) Scholarship Programme, which is funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, Sida. The MFS Scholarship Programme offers Swedish university students an opportunity to carry out two months’ field work in a developing country resulting in a graduation thesis work, a Master’s dissertation or a similar in-depth study. These studies are primarily conducted within subject areas that are important from an international development perspective and in a country supported by Swedish international development assistance. The main purpose of the MFS Programme is to enhance Swedish university students’ knowledge and understanding of developing countries and their problems.
    [Show full text]
  • Birds of Gus Engeling Wildlife Management Area
    TEXAS PARKS AND WILDLIFE BIRDS OF G U S E N G E L I N G WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AREA A FIELD CHECKLIST “Act Natural” Visit a Wildlife Management Area at our Web site: http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us Cover: Illustration of Pileated Woodpecker by Rob Fleming. HABITAT DESCRIPTION he Gus Engeling Wildlife Management Area is located in the northwest corner of Anderson County, 20 miles Tnorthwest of Palestine, Texas, on U.S. Highway 287. The management area contains 10,958 acres of land owned by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. Most of the land was purchased in 1950 and 1951, with the addition of several smaller tracts through 1960. It was originally called the Derden Wildlife Management Area, but was later changed to the Engeling Wildlife Management Area in honor of Biologist Gus A. Engeling, who was killed by a poacher on the area in December 1951. The area is drained by Catfish Creek which is a tributary of the Trinity River. The topography is gently rolling to hilly, with a well-defined drainage system that empties into Catfish Creek. Most of the small streams are spring fed and normally flow year-round. The soils are mostly light colored, rapidly permeable sands on the upland, and moderately permeable, gray-brown, sandy loams in the bottomland along Catfish Creek. The climate is classified as moist, sub-humid, with an annual rainfall of about 40 inches. The vegetation consists of deciduous forest with an overstory made up of oak, hickory, sweetgum and elm; with associated understory species of dogwood, American beautyberry, huckleberry, greenbrier, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Register/Vol. 85, No. 74/Thursday, April 16, 2020/Rules
    21282 Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 74 / Thursday, April 16, 2020 / Rules and Regulations DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR United States and the Government of United States or U.S. territories as a Canada Amending the 1916 Convention result of recent taxonomic changes; Fish and Wildlife Service between the United Kingdom and the (8) Change the common (English) United States of America for the names of 43 species to conform to 50 CFR Part 10 Protection of Migratory Birds, Sen. accepted use; and (9) Change the scientific names of 135 [Docket No. FWS–HQ–MB–2018–0047; Treaty Doc. 104–28 (December 14, FXMB 12320900000//201//FF09M29000] 1995); species to conform to accepted use. (2) Mexico: Convention between the The List of Migratory Birds (50 CFR RIN 1018–BC67 United States and Mexico for the 10.13) was last revised on November 1, Protection of Migratory Birds and Game 2013 (78 FR 65844). The amendments in General Provisions; Revised List of this rule were necessitated by nine Migratory Birds Mammals, February 7, 1936, 50 Stat. 1311 (T.S. No. 912), as amended by published supplements to the 7th (1998) AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Protocol with Mexico amending edition of the American Ornithologists’ Interior. Convention for Protection of Migratory Union (AOU, now recognized as the American Ornithological Society (AOS)) ACTION: Final rule. Birds and Game Mammals, Sen. Treaty Doc. 105–26 (May 5, 1997); Check-list of North American Birds (AOU 2011, AOU 2012, AOU 2013, SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and (3) Japan: Convention between the AOU 2014, AOU 2015, AOU 2016, AOS Wildlife Service (Service), revise the Government of the United States of 2017, AOS 2018, and AOS 2019) and List of Migratory Birds protected by the America and the Government of Japan the 2017 publication of the Clements Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) by for the Protection of Migratory Birds and Checklist of Birds of the World both adding and removing species.
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist: Birds of Rice Creek
    Troglodytidae – Wrens Parulidae – Warblers Emberizidae – Sparrows Fringillidae – Finches � House Wren � Ovenbird � Eastern Towhee � Pine Grosbeak � Winter Wren � Worm-eating Warbler � American Tree Sparrow � Purple Finch � Sedge Wren � Louisiana Waterthrush � Chipping Sparrow � House Finch � Marsh Wren � Northern Waterthrush � Clay-colored Sparrow � Red Crossbill SUNY Oswego � � � Carolina Wren � Golden-winged Warbler Field Sparrow White-winged Crossbill Birds of Central New York � � Vesper Sparrow � Common Redpoll Blue-winged Warbler — CheckList — Polioptilidae – Gnatcatchers � Black-and-white Warbler � Savannah Sparrow � Hoary Redpoll � Blue-gray Gnatcatcher � Prothonotary Warbler � Grasshopper Sparrow � Pine Siskin Locality _____________________________________ � � Henslow’s Sparrow � American Goldfinch Regulidae – Kinglets Tennessee Warbler Date ____________ Time __________ Total ________ � Fox Sparrow � Evening Grosbeak � Golden-crowned Kinglet � Orange-crowned Warbler Temp. ___________ Sky ___________ Wind________ � Song Sparrow � Ruby-crowned Kinglet � Nashville Warbler � � Lincoln’s Sparrow Passeridae – Observer ____________________________________ Connecticut Warbler European Sparrows � Swamp Sparrow Turdidae – Thrushes � Mourning Warbler � House Sparrow � Eastern Bluebird � Common Yellowthroat � White-throated Sparrow ANSERIFORMES � Greater Scaup � Anatidae – � Veery � Hooded Warbler White-crowned Sparrow � Lesser Scaup � Dark-eyed Junco Swans, Geese, Ducks � King Eider � Gray-cheeked Thrush � American Redstart sf. Anserinae
    [Show full text]
  • Availability and Trends of Water Supply Network in Sub-Sahara Botswana Agarwal A.1, Garg D.2, Nkhwanana N .3
    International Journal of Civil, Mechanical and Energy Science (IJCMES) [Vol-3, Issue-2, Mar-Apr, 2017] https://dx.doi.org/10.24001/ijcmes.3.2.4 ISSN: 2455-5304 Availability and trends of water supply Network in sub-Sahara Botswana Agarwal A.1, Garg D.2, Nkhwanana N .3 1Department of Mechanical engineering, University of Botswana, Botswana 2Department of Computer science, University of Botswana, Botswana 3Department of civil engineering, University of Botswana, Botswana Abstract— Water is an essential requirement for south-eastern Botswana. A country with a high reliance individuals and is one of the major keys of any financial on surface water, Gaborone is the same with, as of not improvement of the world social orders and a long ago, the majority of the city's water being manageable utilization of this asset is of most extreme preoccupied from the Gaborone Reservoir [1]. significance. Water shortage can have extraordinary Botswana's climate is semi-arid. Though it is hot and dry effects with respect to the economy, advancement and for much of the year, there is a rainy season, which runs national security of a nation and it is imperative to get a through the summer months. Rainfall tends to be erratic, handle on the reason for the issue keeping in mind the unpredictable and highly regional. Often a heavy end goal to explain it in the most productive way. By downpour may occur in one area while 10 or 15 breaking down information time arrangement for kilometres away there is no rain at all. Showers are often temperature, precipitation and utilization and followed by strong sunshine so that a good deal of the additionally playing out a spatial investigation over the rainfall does not penetrate the ground but is lost to catchment range it was conceivable to distinguish the evaporation and transpiration.
    [Show full text]
  • Coastal Ecotourism in the Gambia: Effects of Sustainability Communication on Environments and Rural Livelihoods
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Attemene, Pauline; Eguavoen, Irit Working Paper Coastal ecotourism in The Gambia: Effects of sustainability communication on environments and rural livelihoods ZEF Working Paper Series, No. 154 Provided in Cooperation with: Zentrum für Entwicklungsforschung / Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn Suggested Citation: Attemene, Pauline; Eguavoen, Irit (2017) : Coastal ecotourism in The Gambia: Effects of sustainability communication on environments and rural livelihoods, ZEF Working Paper Series, No. 154, University of Bonn, Center for Development Research (ZEF), Bonn This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/162195 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu ZEF Working Paper 154 P������ A������� ��� I��� E������� Coastal ecotourism in The Gambia.
    [Show full text]
  • Major Villages Sanitation Project
    Our Ref: WUC 014 (2021) 18 June 2021 TO: All Tenderers Dear Sir / Madam SUPPLY OF WATER TREATMENT CHEMICALS - TENDER NO WUC 014 (2021) ADDENDUM No. 2 The tenderer must note and consider the amendments and/or additions to the Tender Document issued under the above-mentioned tender constitutes Addendum 2 that should be duly incorporated in the Tender Document. Clarification on the above tender refers: 1. Bidders wishing to tender for Supply of Water Treatment Chemicals under the flocculant category are advised as follows: Question 1 Is it compulsory to submit Jar test results at tender stage? In other would we be disqualified if we do not submit them? Response: Please refer to Item 4.2.2.2 Flocculants in the Tender Document - TENDER NO WUC 014 (2021) “All flocculants must be accompanied by the standard specifications as indicated out below at the time of tendering. At the time of delivery, certificates of analysis, which include both physical and chemical parameters, should accompany the chemicals. The Tenderer shall carry out laboratory jar-tests on all raw water supplies in the presence of the Water Utilities Corporation, or other method deemed necessary by the Corporation to evaluate chemical optimum performance”. The statement above requests compulsory testing by the Tenderer of the flocculant they are tendering to supply and obtain performance results which they will share with the Corporation. Refer to response to 6 a. below for further information on contact people and venues for sample collection. Question 2 We wish to request to visit the various sites for raw water sample collection.
    [Show full text]