APPENDIX B:

Species Lists for Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge, Stillwater Wildlife Management Area, and Fallon National Wildlife Refuge

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BIRD SPECIES ...... B-1

MAMMAL SPECIES ...... B-11

REPTILE AND AMPHIBIAN SPECIES ...... B-14

FISH SPECIES ...... B-16

SAND OBLIGATE INVERTEBRATE SPECIES ...... B-18

BUTTERFLY SPECIES ...... B-19

WETLAND INVERTEBRATE SPECIES ...... B-21

WETLAND PLANT SPECIES ...... B-23

NEXT HOME BIRD SPECIES OF STILLWATER NWR, STILLWATER WMA, AND FALLON NWR

Systematic List

ORDER FAMILY Subfamily/Tribe

Common name Genus species Occurrence

~ - nonnative C - common ER - extremely rare or accidental R - rare U - uncommon * - nest locally A - accidental

GAVIIFORMES

GAVIIDAE: LOONS

Pacific loon Gavia arctica R Common loon Gavia immer R

PODICIPEDIIFORMES

PODICIPEDIDAE: GREBES

Clark's grebe Aechmophorus clarkii *C Western grebe Aechmophorus occidentalis *C Horned grebe Podiceps auritus R Eared grebe Podiceps nigricollis *C Pied-billed grebe Podilymbus podiceps *C

PELECANIFORMES

PELECANIDAE: PELICANS

American white pelican Pelecanus erythrorhyncos *C Brown pelican Pelecanus occidentalis A

PHALACROCORACIDAE: CORMORANTS

Double-crested cormorant Phalacrocorax auritus *C

B-1 CICONIIFORMES

ARDEIDAE: HERONS

Great blue heron Ardea herodias *C American bittern Botaurus lentiginosus *U Cattle egret Bubulcus ibis *U Green-backed heron Butorides striatus R Great egret Casmerodius albus *C Snowy egret Egretta thula *C Least bittern Ixobrychus exilis *R Black-crowned night heron Nycticorax nycticorax *C

CICONIIDAE: STORKS

Marabou stork Leptotilos crumeniferus ER (escapee) Wood stork Mycteria americana ER

PHOENICOPTERIDAE: FLAMINGOS

~American flamingo Phoenicopterus ruber ER (escapee)

THRESKIORNITHIDAE: IBISES AND SPOONBILLS

White faced ibis Plegadis chihi *C

ANSERIFORMES

ANATIDAE: SWANS, GEESE, AND DUCKS

Dendrocygnini: fulvous whistling ducks

Fulvous whistling duck Dendrocygna bicolor A

Cygnini: swans

Trumpeter swan Cygnus buccinator R Tundra swan Cygnus columbianus C

Anserini: geese

Greater white-fronted goose Anser albifrons U Brant Branta bernicla R Canada goose Branta canadensis Lesser var. parvipes C Great Basin var. moffitti *C Cackler var. minima U Aleutian var. leucopareia R Snow goose Chen caerulescens C Ross' goose Chen rossii U

B-2 Anatinae: ducks

Wood duck Aix sponsa *U Northern pintail Anas acuta *C American wigeon Anas americana *C Northern shoveler Anas clypeata *C Green-winged teal Anas crecca *C Cinnamon teal Anas cyanoptera *C Blue-winged teal Anas discors *U Eurasian wigeon Anas penelope R Mallard Anas platyrhynchos *C American black duck Anas rubripes A Gadwall Anas strepera *C Lesser scaup Aythya affinis U Redhead Aythya americana *C Ring-necked duck Aythya collaris U Greater scaup Aythya marila R Canvasback Aythya valisineria *C Bufflehead Brucephala albeola C Common goldeneye Brucephala clangula U Barrow's goldeneye Bucephala islandica R Oldsquaw Clangula hyemalis R Hooded merganser Lophodytes cucullatus U White-winged scoter Melanitta fusca R Surf scoter Melanitta perspicillata R Common merganser Mergus merganser C Red-breasted merganser Mergus serrator R Ruddy duck Oxyura jamaicensis *C

GRUIFORMES

GRUIDAE: CRANES

Sandhill crane Grus canadensis R

RALLIDAE: RAILS, GALLINULES AND COOTS

American coot Fulica americana *C Common moorhen Gallinula chloropus *U Sora Porzana carolina *C Virginia rail Rallus limicola *C

CHARADRIIFORMES

CHARADRIIDAE: PLOVERS

Snowy plover Charadrius alexandrinus *U Mountain plover Charadrius montana R Semipalmated plover Charadrius semipalmatus U Killdeer Charadrius vociferous *C American golden plover Pluvialis dominica R Black-bellied plover Pluvialis squatarola U

B-3 RECURVIROSTRIDAE: STILTS AND AVOCETS

Black-necked stilt Himantopus mexicanus *C American avocet Recurvirostra americana *C

SCOLOPACIDAE: SANDPIPERS

Spotted sandpiper Actitis macularia *U Ruddy turnstone Arenaria interpres R Sanderling Calidris alba R Dunlin Calidris alpina U Baird's sandpiper Calidris bairdii U Red knot Calidris canutus R Stilt sandpiper Calidris himantopus R Pectoral sandpiper Calidris melanotos R Semi-palmated sandpiper Calidris pusilla R Willet Catoptrophorus semipalmatus U Common snipe Gallinago gallinago U Short-billed dowitcher Limnodromus griseus R Long-billed dowitcher Limnodromus scolopaceus C Marbled godwit Limosa fedoa U Long-billed curlew Numenius americanus *U Red-necked phalarope Phalaropus lobatus C Wilson's phalarope Phalaropus tricolor *C Lesser yellowlegs Tringa flavipes U Greater yellowlegs Tringa melanoleuca U Solitary sandpiper Tringa solitaria R

LARIDAE: GULLS AND TERNS

Black tern Chlidonias niger *U Herring gull Larus argentatus U California gull Larus californicus *C Ring-billed gull Larus delawarensis U Glaucous gull Larus hyperboreus R Bonaparte's gull Larus philadelphia R Franklin's gull Larus pipixcan *U Long-tailed jaeger Stercorarius longicaudus R Pomarine jaeger Stercorarius pomarinus R Caspian tern Sterna caspia *U Forster's tern Sterna forsteri *C Common tern Sterna hirundo R Glaucous-winged gull Larus glaucescens R Thayer’s Gull Larus thayeri R

ALCIDAE: AUKS AND MURRES

Ancient murrelet Synthliboramphus antiquus ER

FALCONIFORMES

CATHARTIDAE: VULTURES

Turkey vulture Cathartes aura C

B-4 ACCIPITRIDAE: KITES, HAWKS AND EAGLES

Cooper's hawk Accipiter cooperii U Northern goshawk Accipiter gentilis R Sharp-shinned hawk Accipiter striatus U Golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos *U Red-tailed hawk Buteo jamaicensis *C Rough-legged hawk Buteo lagopus C Red-shouldered hawk Buteo lineatus R Ferruginous hawk Buteo regalis U Swainson's hawk Buteo swainsoni *U Northern harrier Circus cyaneus *C Black-shouldered kite Elanus caeruleus R Bald eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus U Osprey Pandion haliaetus *U

FALCONIDAE: FALCONS

Merlin Falco columbarius U Prairie falcon Falco mexicanus *U Peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus R American kestrel Falco sparverius *C

GALLIFORMES

PHASIANIDAE: GROUSE

~Chukar Alectoris chukar *R ~California quail Callipepla californica *C ~Wild turkey Meleagris gallopavo *U ~Ring-necked pheasant Phasianus colchicus *U

COLUMBIFORMES

COLUMBIDAE: DOVES

Band-tailed pigeon Columba fasciata R ~Rock dove Columba livia *C White-winged dove Zenaida asiatica ER Mourning dove Zenaida macroura *C

STRIGIFORMES

TYTONIDAE: BARN OWLS

Barn owl Tyto alba * C

STRIGIDAE: OWLS

Northern saw-whet owl Aegolius acadicus R Short-eared owl Asio flammeus *U

B-5 Long-eared owl Asio otus *U Burrowing owl Athene cunicularia *U Great horned owl Bubo virginianus *C Western screech owl Otus kennicottii *U

CAPRIMULGIFORMES

CAPRIMULGIDAE: NIGHTJARS

Common nighthawk Chordeiles minor *C

APODIFORMES

APODIDAE: SWIFTS

White-throated swift Aeronautes saxatalis R Vaux's swift Chaetura vauxi R Black swift Cypseloides niger R

TROCHILIDAE: HUMMINGBIRDS

Black-chinned hummingbird Archilochus alexandri *C Anna’s hummingbird Calypte anna R Broad-tailed hummingbird Selasphorus platycercus C Rufous hummingbird Selasphorus rufus U Calliope hummingbird Stellula calliope R

CORACIIFORMES

ALCEDINIDAE: KINGFISHERS

Belted kingfisher Ceryle alcyon U

PICIDAE: WOODPECKERS

Northern flicker Colaptes auratus *C Lewis's woodpecker Melanerpes lewis U Downy woodpecker Picoides pubescens *U Hairy woodpecker Picoides villosus U Red-naped sapsucker Sphyrapicus nuchalis R Yellow-bellied sapsucker Sphyrapicus varius A

PASSERIFORMES

TYRANNIDAE: FLYCATCHERS

Olive-sided flycatcher Contopus borealis R Western wood pewee Contopus sordidulus U Western flycatcher Empidonax difficilis C Hammond’s flycatcher Empidonax hammondii U Dusky flycatcher Empidonax oberholseri U Willow flycatcher Epidonax trailii U

B-6 Gray flycatcher Empidonax wrightii U Ash-throated flycatcher Myiarchus cinerascens U Black phoebe Sayornis nigricans R Say's phoebe Sayornis saya *U Eastern kingbird Tyrannus tyrannus R Western kingbird Tyrannus verticalis *C

ALAUDIDAE: LARKS

Horned lark Eremophila alpestris *C

HIRUNDINIDAE: SWALLOWS

Cliff swallow Hirundo phyrrhonota *C Barn swallow Hirundo rustica *C Purple martin Progne subis R Bank swallow Riparia riparia *U Northern rough-winged swallow Stelgidopteryx serripennis *U Tree swallow Tachycineta bicolor C Violet-green swallow Tachycineta thalassina *U

CORVIDAE: MAGPIES, CROWS AND JAYS

Scrub jay Aphelocoma coerulescens U American crow Corvus brachyrhynchos *C Common raven Corvus corax *C Blue jay Cyanocitta cristata R Steller’s jay Cyanocitta stelleri R Piñon jay Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus R Clark's nutcracker Nucifraga columbiana R Black-billed magpie Pica pica *C

PARIDAE: CHICKADEES AND TITMICE

Mountain chickadee Parus gambeli U Plain titmouse Parus inoratus R

AEGITHALIDAE: BUSHTIT

Bushtit Psaltriparus minimus *U

SITTIDAE: NUTHATCHES

Red-breasted nuthatch Sitta canadensis U White-breasted nuthatch Sitta carolinensis U Pygmy nuthatch Sitta pygmaea R

CERTHIIDAE: CREEPERS

Brown creeper Certhia americana R

B-7 TROGLODYTIDAE: WRENS

Marsh wren Cistothorus palustris *C Rock wren Salpinctes obsoletus *U Bewick's wren Thryomanes bewickii *C House wren Troglodytes aedon *U Winter wren Troglodytes troglodytes R

MUSCICAPIDAE: THRUSHES, KINGLETS AND GNATCATCHERS

Hermit thrush Catharus guttatus U Swainson’s thrush Catharus ustulatus R Varied thrush Ixoreus naevius U Townsend's solitaire Myadestes townsendi U Blue-gray gnatcatcher Polioptila caerulea U Ruby-crowned kinglet Regulus calendula U Golden-crowned kinglet Regulus satrapa R Mountain bluebird Sialia currucoides R Western bluebird Sialia mexicana *U American robin Turdus migratorius *C

LANIIDAE: SHRIKES

Northern shrike Lanius excubitor R Loggerhead shrike Lanius ludovicianus *C

MIMIDAE: MOCKINGBIRDS AND THRASHERS

Northern mockingbird Mimus polyglottos *U Sage thrasher Oreoscoptes montanus *U

MOTACILLIDAE: PIPITS AND WAGTAILS

American pipit Anthus rubescens C

CINCLIDAE: DIPPERS

American dipper Cinclus mexicanus R

BOMBYCILLIDAE: WAXWINGS

Cedar waxwing Bombycilla cedrorum U Bohemian waxwing Bombycilla garrulus R

PTILOGONATIDAE: SILKY-FLYCATCHERS

Phainopepla Phainopepla nitens ER

STURNIDAE: STARLINGS

~European starling Sturnus vulgaris *C

VIREONIDAE: VIREOS

Warbling vireo Vireo gilvus *U Solitary vireo Vireo solitarius U

B-8 EMBERIZIDAE: WARBLERS, SPARROWS, BLACKBIRDS AND ORIOLES

Parulinae: wood warblers

Black-throated blue warbler Dendroica caerulescens ER Yellow-rumped warbler Dendroica coronata C Black-throated gray warbler Dendroica nigrescens U Palm warbler Dendroica palmarum R Yellow warbler Dendroica petechia C Townsend's warbler Dendroica townsendi R Common yellowthroat Geothlypis trichas *U Yellow-breasted chat Icteria virens *R MacGillivray's warbler Oporornis tolmiei U Ovenbird Seiurus aurocapillus ER American redstart Setophaga ruticella R Orange-crowned warbler Vermivora celata C Nashville warbler Vermivora ruficapilla U Wilson's warbler Wilsonia pusilla C

Cardinalae: grosbeaks, buntings

Blue grosbeak Guiraca caerulea *U Lazuli bunting Passerina amoena *U Indigo bunting Passerina cyanea R Black-headed grosbeak Pheucticus melanocephalus *U Rose-breasted grosbeak Pheucticus ludovicianus R

Emberizinae: towhees, sparrows

Sage sparrow Amphispiza belli *C Black-throated sparrow Amphispiza bilineata *C Lapland longspur Calcarius laponicus R McCown's longspur Calcarius mccownii R Lark sparrow Chondestes grammacus U Dark-eyed junco Junco hyemalis C Lincoln's sparrow Melospiza lincolnii *U Song sparrow Melospiza melodia *C Fox sparrow Passerella iliaca U Savannah sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis *C var. nevadensis Green-tailed towhee Pipilo chlorurus *R Spotted towhee Pipilo maculatus *U Vesper sparrow Pooecetes gramineus U American tree sparrow Spizella arborea ER Brewer's sparrow Spizella breweri U Chipping sparrow Spizella passerina U White-throated sparrow Zonotrichia albicollis R White-crowned sparrow Zonotrichia leucophrys C Harris's sparrow Zonotrichia querula ER

Icterinae: blackbirds, orioles

Red-winged blackbird Agelaius phoeniceus *C Tri-colored blackbird Agelaius tricolor R Brewer's blackbird Euphagus cyanocephalus *C

B-9 Northern oriole Icterus galbula *U Brown-headed cowbird Molothrus ater *U Great-tailed grackle Quiscalus mexicanus *R Western meadowlark Sturnella neglecta *C Yellow-headed blackbird Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus *C

Thraupinae: tanagers

Western tanager Piranga ludoviciana U

PASSERIDAE: WEAVERS

~House sparrow Passer domesticus *C

FRINGILLIDAE: FINCHES

Pine siskin Carduelis pinus U American goldfinch Carduelis tristis U Lesser goldfinch Carduelsi psaltria U Cassin's finch Carpodacus cassinii U House finch Carpodacus mexicanus *C Evening grosbeak Coccothraustes vespertinus U

B-10 CHARACTERISTIC MAMMAL SPECIES OF STILLWATER NWR, STILLWATER WMA, AND FALLON NWR

ORDER FAMILY Common name Genus species Habitat

Names of species which A - aquatic have been documented on R - riparian the refuge complex are bold. U - upland W - wetland

INSECTIVORA

SORICIDAE: SHREWS

Vagrant shrew Sorex vagrans R,W Northern water shrew Sorex palustris R

CHIROPTERA

VESPERTILIONIDAE: PLAINNOSE BATS

Pallid bat Antrozous pallidus U Big brown bat Eptesicus fucus U Silver-haired bat Lasionyeteris nottivagans U,R Hoary bat Lasiurus cinereus U California myotis Myotis californicus U Long-eared myotis Myotis evotis U Little brown myotis Myotis lucifugus U Small-footed myotis Myotis subulatus U Fringed myotis Myotis thysanodes U Long-legged myotis Myotis volans U Yuma myotis Mytois yumanensis U Western pipistrel Pipistrellus hesperus U Western big-eared bat Plecotus townsendi U Brazilian free-tailed bat Tadarida brasiliensis U Mexican freetail bat Tadarida brasiliensis U

CARNIVORA

PROCYONIDAE: RINGTAIL CATS AND RACCOONS

Raccoon Procyon lotor W,R

B-11 MUSTELIDAE: MINK, WEASELS, BADGERS AND SKUNKS

Badger Taxidea taxus U Longtail weasel Mustela frenata W,R Mink Mustela vison W,R Spotted skunk Spilogale putorius U Striped skunk Mephitis mephitis U

CANIDAE: COYOTES, WOLVES, AND FOXES

Coyote Canis latrans U Kit fox Vulpes macrotis U

FELIDAE: CATS

Mountain lion Felis concolor U Bobcat Lynx rufus U

RODENTIA

SCIURIDAE: SQUIRRELS

Townsend ground squirrel Citellus townsendi U Whitetail antelope squirrel Ammospermophilus leucurus U

GEOMYIDAE: POCKET GOPHERS

Valley pocket gopher Thomomys bottae U

HETEROMYIDAE: POCKET MICE, KANGAROO MICE, AND KANGAROO RATS

Ord kangaroo rat Dipodomys ordi U Desert kangaroo rat Dipodomys deserti U Great Basin kangaroo rat Dipodomys microps U Great Basin pocket mouse Perognathus parvus U Little pocket mouse Perognathus longimembris U Longtail pocket mouse Perognathus formosus U Merriam kangaroo rat Dipodomys merriami U Ord kangaroo rat Dipodomys ordi U Pale kangaroo mouse Microdipidops pallidus U

CASTORIDAE: BEAVER

Beaver Castor canadensis A

CRICETIDAE: MICE, RATS AND VOLES

Sagebrush vole Lagurus curtatus U Long-tailed vole Microtus longicaudus U Mountain vole Microtus montanus W,U Bushytail woodrat Neotoma cinerea U,R Desert woodrat Neotoma lepida U

B-12 Muskrat Ondatra zibethica A Northern grasshopper mouse Onychomys leucogaster U Southern grasshopper mouse Onychomys torridus U Canyon mouse Peromyscus crinitus U Deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus U Pinion mouse Peromyscus truei U Western harvest mouse Reithrodontomys megalotis W,U

MURIDAE: OLD WORLD RATS AND MICE

House mouse Mus musculus U Norway rat Rattus norvegicus U

ZAPODIDAE: JUMPING MICE

Western jumping mouse Zapus princeps U

ERETHIZONTIDAE: PORCUPINE

Porcupine Erethizon dorsatum U

LEPORIDAE: HARES AND RABBITS

Blacktail jackrabbit Lepus californicus U Mountain cottontail Sylvilagus nuttalli U

ARTIODACTYLA

CERVIDAE: DEER

Mule deer Odocoileus hemionus U,R

B-13 CHARACTERISTIC REPTILE AND AMPHIBIAN SPECIES OF STILLWATER NWR, STILLWATER WMA, AND FALLON NWR

ORDER FAMILY Common name Genus species subspecies

Names of species which have been documented on the refuge complex are bold.

ANURA

PELOBATIDAE: SPADEFOOT TOADS

Great Basin spadefoot toad Scaphiopus intermontanus

HYLIDAE: TREE FROGS

Pacific tree frog Pseudacris regilla

RANIDAE: FROGS

Bullfrog Rana catesbeiana nonnative Northern leopard frog Rana pipiens

CHELONIA

TESTUDINIDAE: FRESHWATER TURTLES

Northwestern pond turtle Clemmys marmorata marmorata

SQUMATA

IGUANIDAE: IGUANID LIZARDS

Northern Desert horned lizard Phrynosoma platyrhinos platyrhinos Great Basin collared lizard Crotaphytus insularis bicintores Great Basin fence lizard Sceloporus occidentalis biseriatus Large-spotted leopard lizard Gambelia wislizenii wislizenii Northern sagebrush lizard Sceloporus graciosus graciosus Side-blotched lizard Uta stansburiana Yellow-backed spiny lizard Sceloporus magister uniformis Common Zebra-tailed lizard Callisaurus draconoides draconoides

TEIIDAE: WHIPTAIL LIZARDS

Great Basin whiptail lizard Cnemidophorus tigris tigris

B-14 COLUBRIDAE: COMMON SNAKES

California kingsnake Lampropeltis getulus californiae Desert striped whipsnake Masticophis taeniatus taeniatus Great Basin gopher snake Pituophis melanoleucus deserticola Mojave patch-nosed snake Salvadora hexalepis mojavensis Night snake Hypsiglena torquata Rocky Mountain rubber boa Charina bottae utahensis Sierra garter snake Thamnophis couchii couchii 1 Sonoran Mt. Kingsnake Wandering garter snake Thamnophis elegans vagrans Western yellow-bellied racer Coluber constrictor mormon Western long-nosed snake Rhinocheilus lecontei lecontei Western ground snake Sonora semiannulata Western coachwhip Masticophis flagellum testaceus

VIPERIDAE: PIT VIPERS

Great Basin rattlesnake Crotalus viridis lutosus

B-15 CHARACTERISTIC FISH SPECIES OF STILLWATER NWR, STILLWATER WMA, AND FALLON NWR

ORDER FAMILY

Common name Genus species Native

SALMONIFORMES

SALMONIDAE: TROUT

Rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri

CYPRINIFORMES

CYPRINIDAE: MINNOWS

Asiatic carp Cyprinus carpio Fathead minnow Pimephales promelas Goldfish Carassius auratus Lahontan tui chub Gila bicolor obesus * Lahontan speckled dacea Rhinichthys osculus robustus * Lahontan red-side shiner Richardsonius egregius * Sacramento blackfish Orthodon microlepidotus

SILURIFORMES

ICTALURIDAE: CATFISH

Black bullhead Ictalurus melas Brown bullhead Ictalurus nebulosus Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus White catfish Ictalurus catus

PERCOPSIFORMES

CENTRARCHIDAE: SUNFISH

Black crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus Green sunfish Lepomis cyanellus Largemouth blackbass Micropterus salmoides Sacramento perch Archoplites interruptus Smallmouth blackbass Micropterus dolomieui White crappie Pomoxis annularis

B-16 ANTHERINIFORMES

POECILIIDAE: MOSQUITOFISH

Mosquito fish Gambusia affinis

PERCIFORMES

PERCICHTHYIDAE: TEMPERATE BASS

Striped bass Morone saxatilis White bass Morone chrysops Wiper Morone chrysops X saxatilis

PERCIDAE: PERCH

Walleye Stizostedion vitreum Yellow perch Percan flavescens

a. Lahontan Speckled Dace has not been confirmed in 20 years.

B-17 SAND OBLIGATE INVERTEBRATE SPECIES OF STILLWATER NWR, STILLWATER WMA, AND FALLON NWR

Systematic List

ORDER Genus species

COLEOPTERA

Mecynotarsus delicatulus Rhadine myrmecodes Tetragonoderus pallidus Philothris sp. Niptus ventriculus Aegialia spinosa Aphodius parapyriformis Chilometopon pallidium Edrotes ventricosus Eusattus muricatus Lariversius tibalis Trogloderus costatus

ORTHOPTERA

Ammobaenetes lariversi Stenopelmatus sp.

Source: (Rust 1998)

B-18 BUTTERFLY SPECIES OF STILLWATER NWR, STILLWATER WMA, AND FALLON NWR

Systematic List

FAMILY

SUBFAMILY

Common name Genus species

PAPILIONODAE

PAPILIONINAE: SWALLOWTAILS

Western Tiger Swallowtail Papilio rutulus

PIERIDAE

PIERINAE: WHITES

Becker’s White Pontia beckerii Checkered White Pontia protodice Western White Pontia occidentalis Cabbage White Pieris rapae Large Marble Euchloe ausonides Sara Orangetip Anthocharis sara

COLIADINAE: SULPHURS

Clouded Sulphur Colias philodice Orange Sulphur Colias eurytheme

LYCAENIDAE

LYCAENINAE: COPPERS

Purplish Copper Lycaena helloides

THECLINAE: HAIRSTREAKS

Gray Hairstreak Strymon melinus

POLYOMMATINAE: BLUES

Western Pygmy-Blue Brephidium exile

B-19 NYMPHALINAE: TRUE BRUSH-FOOTS

Mylitta Crescent Phyciodes mylitta Mourning Cloak Nymphalis antiopa Painted Lady Vanessa cardui West Coast Lady Vanessa annabella Red Admiral Vanessa atalanta

LIMENITIDINAE: ADMIRALS AND RELATIVES

Lorquin’s Admiral Limenitis lorquini

DANAINAE: MONARCHS

Monarch Danaus plexippus

HESPERIIDAE

PYRGINAE: SPREAD-WING SKIPPERS

Common Checkered-Skipper Pyrgus communis Mohave Sootywing Hesperopsis libya Saltbush Sootywing Hesperopsis alpheus

HESPERIINAE: GRASS SKIPPERS

Sandhill Skipper Polites sabuleti Alkali Skipper Pseudocopaeodes enus

B-20 WETLAND INVERTEBRATE TAXA OF STILLWATER NWR, STILLWATER WMA, AND FALLON NWR

Systematic List

CLASS

ORDER

Common Name Family

INSECTA

COLLEMBOLA

Springtail not determined

COLEOPTERA

Predaceous diving beetle Dytiscidae Water scavenger beetle Hydrophilidae

DIPTERA

Midge Chironomidae Mosquito Culicidae Alkali flies Ephydriae

EPHEMEROPTERA

Mayfly not determined

HEMIPTERA

Water boatman Corixidae Water strider Gerridae Back swimmer Notonectidae

ODONATA

Dragonfly Aeschnidae Dragonfly Libelullidae

B-21 GASTROPODA

Limnophila

Pond snail Lymnaidae Pouch snail Physidae Orb snail Planorbidae

CRUSTACEA

Amphipoda

Scud (or side swimmer) not determined

Anostraca

Fairy shrimp Artemiidae

Cladocera

Water fleas not determined

Copepoda

Copepods not determined

Ostracoda

Seed shrimp not determined

ARACHNOIDEA

Hydracarina

Water mite not determined

B-22 WETLAND PLANT SPECIES OF LAHONTAN VALLEY

List of all plant species by origin (* - non-native), family, common name, and wetland indicator status for the Lahontan Valley wetland inventory. Nomenclature follows Hickman (1993).

Genus and species Family Common Name Wetland Status1

Trees

* Elaeagnus angustifolius Elaeagnaceae Russian olive FAC Populus fremontii Salicaceae Fremont cottonwood FACW Salix exigua Salicaceae Sandbar willow OBL Salix laevigata Salicaceae Red willow NI * Tamarix ramosissima Tamaricaceae Saltcedar FACW * Ulmus pumila Ulmaceae Siberian elm NI

Shrubs

Allenrolfea occidentalis Chenopodiaceae Iodine bush FACW Artemisia spinescens Asteraceae Bud-sage NI Artemisia tridentata Asteraceae Big sagebrush NI var. tridentata Atriplex canescens Chenopodiaceae Fourwing saltbush NI Atriplex confertifolia Chenopodiaceae Shadscale NI Atriplex lentiformis Chenopodiaceae Torrey's saltbush FAC- ssp. torreyi Chrysothamnus nauseosus Asteraceae NI ssp. consimilis Chrysothamnus nauseosus Asteraceae Rubber rabbitbrush NI var. oreophalus Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus Asteraceae Stickyleaf rabbitbrush NI Grayia spinosa Chenopodiaceae Hop-sage NI Lycium shockleyi Solanaceae Wolfberry NI Psorothamnus polydenius Fabaceae Dotted dalea NI Rosa woodsii Rosaceae Woods rose FAC- var. ultramontana Sarcobatus vermiculatus Chenopodiaceae Greasewood FACU Suaeda moquinii Chenopodiaceae Torrey's seepweed FAC+ Tetradymia glabrata Asteraceae Smooth horsebrush NI Tetradymia spinosa Asteraceae Spiney horsebrush NI Tetradymia tetrameres Asteraceae Dune-horsebrush NI Grasses

Achnatherum hymenoides Poaceae Indian ricegrass NI Acroptilon repens Poaceae NI Agropyron elongatum Poaceae Tall wheatgrass NI Agrostis stolonifera Poaceae Creeping bentgrass FACW Beckmania sizigachne Poaceae American sloughgrass OBL * Bromus tectorum Poaceae Cheatgrass NI * Bromus willenowii Poaceae Rescue grass NI * Crypsis schoenoides Poaceae Swamp timothy FACW Distichlis spicata Poaceae Inland saltgrass FAC+

B-23 Genus and species Family Common Name Wetland Status

Grasses (cont.)

* Echinochloa crusgalli Poaceae Barnyard grass FACW Elymus Cinereus Poaceae Great Basin wildrye NI Elymus triticoides Poaceae Creeping wildrye FAC+ Eragrostis orcuttiana Poaceae Orcutt lovegrass NI * Eremopyrum triticeum Poaceae Annual wheatgrass NI * Festuca pratensis Poaceae Meadow fescue FACU Hordeum brachyantherum Poaceae Meadow barley FACW- Hordeum jubatum Poaceae Foxtail barley FAC Leptochloa fascicularis Poaceae Bearded sprangletop OBL Muhlenbergia asperifolia Poaceae Alkali muhly FACW+ Paspalum distichum Poaceae Knot grass OBL * Poa pratensis Poaceae Kentucky bluegrass FACU * Polypogon monspeliensis Poaceae Rabbitfoot grass FACW+ * Puccinellia distans Poaceae European alkali grass OBL Puccinellia nuttalliana Poaceae Nuttall's alkali grass OBL * Setaria viridis Poaceae Green bristlegrass NI Sporobolus pulvinatus Poaceae Six-weeks dropseed NI

Low Graminaceous

Carex anthrostachya Cyperaceae Slender-beak sedge FAC Carex lanuginosa Cyperaceae Wooly sedge OBL Carex vulpinoidea Cyperaceae Foxtail sedge OBL Eleocharis palustris Cyperaceae Creeping spikerush OBL Eleocharis parishii Cyperaceae Parish's spikerush OBL Juncus articulatus Juncaceae Jointed rush OBL Juncus balticus Juncaceae Baltic rush FACW Juncus torreyi Juncaceae Torrey's rush FACW+ Triglochin concinna Juncaginaceae Seaside arrow grass OBL Triglochin maritima Juncaginaceae Utah arrow grass OBL Emergents

Equisetum arvense Equisetaceae Common horsetail FAC+ Equisetum laevigatum Equisetaceae Smooth scouring rush FACW Phragmites australis Poaceae Common reed FACW+ Scirpus acutus Cyperaceae Hardstem bulrush OBL ssp. occidentalis Scirpus americanus Cyperaceae Olney threesquare OBL Scirpus maritimus Cyperaceae Alkali bulrush OBL Scirpus nevadensis Cyperaceae Nevada bulrush OBL Scirpus pungens Cyperaceae Common threesquare OBL Typha domingensis Typhaceae Southern cattail OBL Typha latifolia Typhaceae Broad-leaf cattail OBL

B-24 Genus and species Family Common Name Wetland Status

Forbs

Alisma gramineum Alismataceae Narrow leaf water plaintain OBL Ambrosia acanthicarpa Asteraceae NI Artemisia douglasiana Asteraceae Douglas' wormweed FAC Artemisia dracunculus Asteraceae Tarragon NI Artemisia ludoviciana Asteraceae Silver wormwood FACU Asclepias fascicularis Asclepiadaceae Narrow-leaf milkweed FAC- Asclepias speciosa Asclepiadaceae Showy milkweed FACW Asparagus acanthicarpa Liliaceae Garden asparagus-fern FACU ssp. officianalis Aster frondosus Asteraceae Leafy aster OBL Aster lanceolatus Asteraceae Western lined aster OBL ssp. hesperius Astragalus spp. Fabaceae Milkvetch NI Atriplex argentea Chenopodiaceae Silverscale saltbush FAC * Atriplex heterosperma Chenopodiaceae Two scale orache NI Atriplex patula Chenopodiaceae Spear saltbush FACW Atriplex phyllostegia Chenopodiaceae Arrow saltbush FACW Atriplex subspicata Chenopodiaceae NI Atriplex truncata Chenopodiaceae Wedgescale FAC * Bassia hyssopifolia Chenopodiaceae Five-horn smother weed FACW Berula erecta Apiaceae Cutleaf water parsnip OBL Bidens frondosa Asteraceae Devil's beggar-ticks FACW Camissonia claviformis Onagraceae Clavate fruit primrose NI ssp. integrior * Cardaria pubescens Brassicaceae Whitetop NI Castilleja exilis Scrophulariaceae Small flower indian OBL paintbrush Castilleja minor Scrophulariaceae FAC ssp. minor * Centaurea repens Asteraceae Russian knapweed NI Centaurium exaltatum Gentianaceae Great basin centaury FACW Chamaesyce ocellata Euphorbiaceae Valley spurge FACW ssp. areicola * Chenopodium album Chenopodiaceae Lamb's quarters FACU * Chenopodium foliosum Chenopodiaceae Leafy goosefoot NI * Chenopodium glaucum Chenopodiaceae Oakleaf goosefoot FACW ssp. salinum * Chenopodium rubrum Chenopodiaceae Red goosefoot OBL var. rubrum Chenopodium strictum Chenopodiaceae NI var. glaucophyllum * Cichorium intybus Asteraceae Common chickory NI Circium mohavensis Asteraceae Mojave thistle FACU * Cirsium vulgare Asteraceae Bull-thistle FAC Cleome sparsifolium Capparaceae Few leaf cleome NI * Convolvulus arvensis Convulvulaceae Field bindweed NI Conyza canadensis Asteraceae Horseweed FAC Cressa truxillensis Convulvulaceae Alkali weed FACW Cryptantha circumcissa Boraginaceae Cushion cryptantha NI Descurania pinnata Brassicaceae Tansy mustard NI Epilobium ciliatum Onagraceae Hairy willow herb FAC ssp. ciliatum

B-25 Genus and species Family Common Name Wetland Status

Forbs (cont.)

Eriastrum sparsiflorum Polemoniaceae Great basin eriastrum NI Eriogonum deflexum Polygonaceae Flat-topped buchwheat NI Eriogonum maculatum Polygonaceae Spotted buckwheat NI * Erodium cicutarium Geraniaceae Redstem filaree NI Euthamia occidentalis Asteraceae Westrn fragrant goldenrod OBL Galium trifidum Rubiaceae Small bedstraw OBL var. pacificum * Gnapthalium luteo-album Asteraceae Weedy cudweed FACW Grindelia squarrosa Asteraceae Curly-cup gumweed FACU * Halogeton glomeratus Chenopodiaceae Halogeton NI Helianthus annuus Asteraceae Common sunflower FACU Heliotropium curassavicum Boraginaceae Seaside heliotrope OBL Iva axillaris Asteraceae Poverty weed FACW ssp. robustior * Kochia scoparia Chenopodiaceae Mexican summer-cress FAC * Lactuca serriola Asteraceae Prickly lettuce FACU * Lepidium latifolium Brassicaceae Broad-leaf peppergrass FAC * Lepidium perfoliatum Brassicaceae Clasping peppergrass FACU Lesquerella tennella Brassicaceae Bladderpod NI * Lotus tenuis Fabaceae Slender birds-foot trefoil NI Lupinus sp. Fabaceae Sand lupine NI Lycopus asper Lamiaceae Western water-horehound OBL * Malva neglecta Malvaceae Common mallow NI Malvella leprosa Malvaceae Alkali mallow FAC Malvella sp. Malvaceae NI * Melilotus alba Fabaceae Sweet clover FACU Mentha arvensis Lamiaceae Field mint FACW Mimulus guttatus Scrophulariaceae Yellow monkey-flower OBL Mirabilis alipes Nyctaginaceae Four-o'clock NI * Nicotiana acuminata Solanaceae Many flower tobacco NI var. multiflora Oenothera elata Onagraceae Hooker,s evening primrose FACW ssp. hookeri Opuntia pulchella Cactaceae Sand cholla NI Plantago erecta Plantaginaceae * Plantago lanceolata Plantaginaceae English plaintain FACU * Plantago major Plantaginaceae Common plaintain FAC * Polygonum arenastrum Polygonaceae Common knotweed NI * Polygonum argyrocoleon Polygonaceae Silver-sheath knotweed FAC Polygonum aviculare Polygonaceae Prastrate knotweed FACW Polygonum lapathifolium Polygonaceae Willow-weed OBL * Polygonum persicaria Polygonaceae Lady's thumb FACW * Portulaca oleracea Portulacaceae Common purslane FAC Potentilla glandulosa Rosaceae Sticky cinquefoil FACU Ranunculus aquatilus Ranunculuaceae White water buttercup OBL Ranunculus cymbalaria Ranunculaceae Desert buttercup OBL var. saximontanus Rorippa curvisiliqua Brassicaceae Curve-pod yellow cress OBL * Rumex crispus Polygonaceae Curly dock FACW Rumex maritimus Polygonaceae Golden dock FACW Rumex salsifolius Polygonaceae Triangular valve dock FACW var. triangulivalvis Sagittaria cuneata Alismataceae Narrow leaf water plaintain OBL

B-26 Genus and species Family Common Name Wetland Status

Forbs (cont.)

* Salicornia europaea Chenopodiaceae Slender glasswort OBL * Salsola tragus Chenopodiaceae Russian thistle FACU Sesuvium verrucosum Aizoaceae Western sea-purslane FACW+ * Solanum dulcamara Solanaceae Climbing nightshade FAC Solidago spectabilis Asteraceae Basin goldenrod FACW * Sonchus asper Asteraceae Prickly sow-thistle FACU * Spergularia marina Caryophyllaceae Saltmarsh sandspurry OBL Sphaeralcea ambigua Malvaceae Desert mallow NI Sphaerophysa ambigua Fabaceae NI * Sphaerophysa salsula Fabaceae Alkali swainsonpea FAC Stephanomeria exigua Asteraceae Skeleton-weed NI ssp. exigua Suaeda calceoliformis Chenopodiaceae Pursh seablite FACW * Taraxacum officinale Asteraceae Common dandelion FACU+ * Tragopogon dubius Asteraceae Goatsbeard NI * Trifolium fragiferum Fabaceae Strawberry clover FACW- Trifolium variegatum Fabaceae White-tip clover FACW- Urtica dioca Urticaceae Stinging nettle FAC * Veronica anagallis-aquatica Scrophulariaceae Water sppedwell OBL Veronica peregrina Scrophulariaceae Purslane speedwell FACW+ Xanthium strumarium Asteraceae Common cocklebur FAC Aquatics

Azolla mexicana Salviniaceae Mosquito-Fern OBL Bacopa eisenii Scrophulariaceae Water hyssop OBL Callitriche hermaphroditica Callitrichaceae Autumnal water starwort OBL Ceratophyllum sp. Ceratophylaceae Coontail OBL Lemna minor Lemnacea Duckweed OBL Marsilea vestita Marsiliaceae Water-Clover OBL ssp. vestita Najas guadalupensis Najadaceae Water nymph OBL Potamogeton crispus Potamogetaceae Curly pondweed OBL Potamogeton filiformis Potamogetaceae Nevada pondweed OBL var. latifolius Potamogeton nodosus Potamogetaceae Long-leaved pondweed OBL Potamogeton pectinatus Potamogetaceae Sago pondweed OBL Ricciocarpus natans Ruppia maritima Ruppiaceae Widgeon grass OBL Zannichellia palustsris Zannichelliaceae Horned pondweed OBL Agricultural Species

* Medicago sativa Fabaceae Alfalfa NI * Zea mays Poaceae Corn NI

1. Wetland indicator status is taken from Reed (1988).

B-27