ACTA ZOOLOGICA BULGARICA Acta zool. bulg., 61 (3), 2009: 235-276

Coleoptera and Hymenoptera (Insecta) from Bulgarian Section of Maleshevska Planina Mountain: Study of an Until Recently Unknown Biodiversity

Borislav V. Guéorguiev1, Toshko Ljubomirov2

1National Museum of Natural History, 1 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd., 1000 Sofi a, Bulgaria; E-mail: [email protected] 2Institute of Zoology, 1 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd., 1000 Sofi a, Bulgaria; E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The present study is a result of over 3-year period of fi eldwork on biodiversity, abundance, seasonality and habitat preferences of the insect orders Coleoptera and Hymenoptera in the eastern slopes of Maleshevska Planina Mountain – an almost unknown in terms of insect biodiversity border area. Sixty families of Cole- optera and fi ve families of Hymenoptera were explored. The material was collected using hand collecting, pitfall traps, Moericke traps, and Malaise traps. A brief description of the previous investigations as well as the planning and methodology applied to the inventory of Coleoptera and Hymenoptera fauna is made and a tabulated summary of the established species is presented. The list includes 750 species (566 Co- leopterans and 184 Hymenopterans) from Bulgarian part of Maleshevska Planina. Newly added are 679 species (500 from Coleoptera and 179 from Hymenoptera) as 23 of them are fi rstly recorded for the fauna of Bulgaria; two species (Crossocerus denticoxa (BISCHOFF, 1932) and Trypoxylon megriense ANTROPOV, 1985) are new records for Balkan Peninsula as well. Both altitudinal distribution and seasonal species progression are provided for Hymenopteran families Ampulicidae, Chrysididae, Crabronidae, Mutillidae, and Sphecidae. The cleptoparasitic load for the solitary wasps of Maleshevska Planina is estimated to be 20.9%. The comparatively high value of cleptoparasitic load does not support the WCISLO`s (1987) hypothesis about the correlation between the geographical latitude of the explored area and value of the cleptoparasitic load. In addition, 39 species of conservation importance from Coleoptera are defi ned, as correlation between their abundance and both the altitude and the type of habitat is found. The present rich biodiversity established as a result of study of only part of the two biggest insect orders in a poorly explored (former) border area of Bulgaria demonstrate the need of systematic and continued samplings in other similar areas of the country in order to explore and eventually to protect their local biodiversity.

Key words: Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, biodiversity, Maleshevska Planina Mountain, Bulgaria

Introduction

Until the end of 1989, all the regions along the fron- ies in this area was very arduous or even impossible. tiers of Bulgaria were kept under strict control due to Subsequently, after the social and economic changes political reasons. Inward, these areas included a land in 1989, the frontier areas became step-by-step acces- of approximately 3 km in width. Undoubtedly, the sible for scientists. Depending on the position of dif- most positive effect of that situation was an almost ferent sectors the older border regimen occurred until perfect preservation of the local biodiversity. On the 1993-1997 and afterward practically disappeared. contrary, under the force of circumstances of that Therefore, Maleshevska Planina was selected time the access for scientists to carry out their stud- for research in respect to the very little or in fact un-

235 Guéorguiev B., T. Ljubomirov explored invertebrate faunas of fi ve border massifs Petrich Valley (or Middle Struma Valley) where the from the so-called ‘Western Border Mountains’ (or in Mediterranean climatic infl uence is the strongest terms of science Osogovo-Belasitsa Mountain group). one all over the country. In the south, the deep valley The last named area stretches approximately 160 km of Leibnitsa divides Maleshevska Planina from the in length. On Bulgarian territory from north, it starts adjacent Ograzhden Planina Mountain. The frontier from the point where meets the frontiers of Bulgaria, between Bulgaria and FYR Macedonia goes through FYR Macedonia and Serbia, goes southward between the main mountain ridge and divides Bulgarian sec- the last two countries and break off at the place where tion of the massif in the west. The highest point of Struma River leaves Bulgarian territory. Situated south the mountain is Ilyov Vrah Peak (1803 m). of Kresna Gorge and alongside of Struma Valley, the From geological and morphostructural aspects, eastern slopes of ‘Western Border Mountains’ are sup- Maleshevska Planina is compound part of the Serbo- posed to house a quite rich diversity of species due to: Macedonian crystalline ‘massif’ (VAPTSAROV et al. infl uence of Mediterranean climate, presence of de- 1989, VAPTSAROV 1997), the greater part of which is veloped submediterranean vegetation between 300 situated outside Bulgarian territory. The eastern part and 1000 m altitude, a moderately large transitional of Maleshevska Planina is strongly segmented by nemoral belt between 1000 and 1600 m and a smaller several river ravines as the slopes there have inclina- high mountain zone above 1600 m. tion of 20-25o and even more degrees. The purpose of the research was to study The hydrological net is complex, well-devel- the diversity and distribution of model groups of oped and one of the densest in the country. The riv- Araneae and Insecta in forest and ecotone phy- ers have primarily west-east direction as they and thocoenoses within the selected territory (see the their tributaries fl ow in profoundly indented chan- Acknowledgments). During the years of 2002 and nels, frequently situated in rocky bottom. They have 2003 we accomplished extensive terrain studies the winter-spring high water, with well-expressed maxi- main results of which were generalized (GUÉORGUIEV mum in April-May and summer-autumn lack of wa- 2006b), and partly published (GUÉORGUIEV, RŮŽIČKA ter (YORDANOVA 1997). According to VELEV (1997), 2002, FABBRI, GUÉORGUIEV 2004, GUÉORGUIEV 2004a, the mountain falls into the climatic region of Western GUÉORGUIEV 2004b, GUÉORGUIEV, BUNALSKI 2004, Border Mountains, which is a subdivision of the cli- LAZAROV 2005, LESEIGNEUR, GUÉORGUIEV 2006, matic area of the Continental-Mediterranean. In par- GUÉORGUIEV 2006a, LAZAROV 2007, BEKCHIEV 2008). ticular, the climate in the lower parts of Maleshevska Here we are going to give further extensive faunal Planina, between 300 and 600 m, is warmer and data for the species from insect orders Coleoptera softer as the average annual temperature is 11-13 and Hymenoptera. °C, the average temperature in January is above 0 °С and that in July – 24-25 °С. The lower eastern Study area and southeastern regions are suffered by strong Maleshevska Planina is a moderately high mountain Mediterranean infl uence which penetrates westward situated in the very center of Balkan Peninsula (Fig. into the mountain, along the valleys of the bigger 1). The Bulgarian section of the mountain occupying rivers, such as Gornobreznishka Reka, Tsaparevska a surface of about 497 square kilometers, has prima- Reka and Lebnitsa. In this way the mentioned three rily a north-south direction, length of 35 km, width valleys act as both refuges and routes for entering of of about 10 km in the north and about 20 km in the termophilous (both hygrophilous and xerophilous) south (NIKOLOV, JORDANOVA 1977). In the north, the species. The average annual precipitations are well- mountain is limited from Vlahina Planina Mountain differentiated in terms of their horizontal and vertical by Sushichka Reka as the differentiation between distribution. In the southern and lowest part of the both massifs is not abrupt. The eastern slopes of the mountain they reach 500-600 mm and have maxi- studied mountain gradually turn into Sandanski- mum in November, in altitude between 600 and 1000

236 Coleoptera and Hymenoptera (Insecta) from Bulgarian Section of Maleshevska...

Fig. 1. Map showing the location of Maleshevska Mountain (black dot over the grey shaded area) on Balkan Peninsula. Left down in higher magnifi cation is outlined the boundary (continuous line) of the mountain and the border (heavy interrupted line) between Bulgarian and FYR Macedonian.

m they are 700-800 m with maximum in October and ophilous forests, situated between 600-700 and 900- above 1000 m they are approximately 1000 m and 1000 m, is populated by mixed forests of Quercus have maximum in May. In the places higher than 600 spp., Carpinus betulus LINNAEUS and Fagus silvatica m the snow stays constantly for about a month dur- LINNAEUS while the following belt, which is spread ing January-February whereas in the lower places it between 900-1000 and 1700 m altitude, is dominated does not stay. There are three main types of soils in by monodominant beech communities. The vegeta- the mountain – maroon forest soils (Cromic, CMx), tion at the highest places above 1700 m is represented brown forest soils (Eutric, CMe) (represented by by meadows with mixture of Juniperus pygmaea C. three varieties) and intrazonal soils. The vegetation is KOCH, Vaccinius spp., Chamaecytisus absinthoides more or less well-grouped in four vertical zones. The (JANKA) Kuzm. and single trees of Pinus sylvestris belt between 300 and 600-700 m altitude consists (LINNAEUS). In the near past, the open places at the mainly of xerothermic deciduous forests of Juniperus higher altitude were exploited as pastures. Along the excelsa MARSCHALL VON BIEBERSTEIN and Quercus river valleys (especially by that of Gornobreznishka spp., as the headlands of the later are being invaded Reka) occurs intrazonal vegetation. At low altitude by sparse associations of Phyllirea, Cupressus and it is represented mainly of associations of Platanus Carpinus. The belt of xero-mesophilous and mes- orientalis LINNAEUS and the higher places – of Tilia,

237 Guéorguiev B., T. Ljubomirov

Salix, Juglans and Alnus glutinosa (LINNAEUS). After no previous records of Chrysididae and Ampulicidae 1958 large arable areas were afforested with Pinus from the territory of the eastern slopes of Maleshevska spp. Characteristic feature for the southern part of the Planina while family Crabronidae is known by three region are slopes strongly denuded of forests. species and Mutillidae and Sphecidae – by one, re- In Bulgarian territory of Maleshevska Planina spectively. are situated 27 small populated places and two pro- tected areas – the reserve ‘Sokolata’ and part of the Material and Methods reserve ‘Tissata’. During the years of 2002 and 2003, we carried out 32 History of the investigations visits in the eastern slopes of Maleshevska Planina. Between the years 1931 and 2001, prior to the start of The visits were distributed throughout the years as our investigation, some authors published 19 papers follows: in 2002, from May to October, three times which include data for Coleoptera from Bulgarian per month; in 2003, from April to October, twice per month. Most of the visits were fulfi lled during the section of Maleshevska Planina (HEYROVSKÝ 1931, warm and sunny time with aim to obtain as mach as ROUBAL 1931, ROUBAL 1932, MAŘAN 1933, ROUBAL possible material from the investigated groups. Three 1933, ROUBAL 1934, GUÉORGUIEV 1961, GUÉORGUIEV transects along the main river valleys were chosen 1965, GRUEV 1969a, GRUEV 1969b, GANEV 1986, (Fig. 2) as their selection was made to the satisfaction PENEV, STOIMENOVA 1986, PICKA 1987, HŮRKA 1988, of two conditions: fi rstly, to cover maximum altitu- VASSILEV 1988a, VASSILEV 1988b, VASSILEV, NECHEVA dinal range and secondly, to cover as much as pos- 1989, GRUEV 1992, GUÉORGUIEV, GUÉORGUIEV 1995). These papers treated 78 species from 15 families. It sible plant diversity especially concerning the forest is worth mentioning that all those data come from habitats. The northern transect goes along the val- four places – Gorna Breznitza, Krupnik, Tsaparevo ley of Gornobreznishka Reka. It stars from altitude and Lebnitsa Valley. Recently, the most interesting of 280 m, follows closely the riverside up to about faunal results for Coleoptera come from our work 580 m and afterwards crosses open places (mead- ows and forest margins) up to the highest point in the were printed off. Eight papers (GUÉORGUIEV, Růžička mountain, Ilyov Vrah Peak (1803 m). The general 2002, FABBRI, GUÉORGUIEV 2004, GUÉORGUIEV 2004a, length of this transect is ca. 14 km and the dominant GUÉORGUIEV 2004b, GUÉORGUIEV, BUNALSKI 2004, wood species here belong to the genera Carpinus, LESEIGNEUR, GUÉORGUIEV 2006, GUÉORGUIEV 2006a, Coryllus, Fagus, Phyllirea, Platanus and Quercus. BEKCHIEV 2008) considered altogether 33 species from 13 families as eight species, four genera and The second, intermediate transect starts from at ca. two families have been recorded fi rst for Bulgaria. 270 m, runs along the valley of Tsaparevska Reka At the same time with our project or after its end, nearby the riverside only in the lowest part of the between 2002 and 2008, eleven authors published investigated area. Further, after short turn southward eight more papers concerning beetles from the region it continues in northwest direction, crosses dry acid grasslands situated near to secondary forest asso- (ZERCHE 2002a, ZERCHE 2002b, DOYCHEV, OVCHAROV ciations of Pinus sylvestris and indigenous forma- 2006, DOYCHEV et al. 2006, ZERCHE 2006, TAKOV tions of Quercus and Fagus and reaches the high- et al. 2007, MIGLIACCIO et al. 2007, GUÉORGUIEV et al. 2008). The last ones considered 18 species est point on the main ridge (1453 m) at the national from Staphylinidae, Cucujidae, Cerambycidae and border. The general length of this transect is ca. 17 Curculionidae, including as well as a family fi rst re- km and the dominant wood species here belongs to corded for the country. the genera Alnus, Carpinus, Fagus and Querqus. In Members of the investigated Hymenopteran general, the southern transect follows the ridges dis- families have previously been recorded only by posed longitudinally along the south margin of the mountain. Here the pathway raises form 260 m up ATANASSOV (1955) and LJUBOMIROV (2006). There are

238 Coleoptera and Hymenoptera (Insecta) from Bulgarian Section of Maleshevska...

Fig. 2. Map showing three main collecting transects in Maleshevska Mountain. Black spots indicate the most important collecting places, light black lines – bigger rivers, fat white lines – studied transects, fat black interrupted line –Bulgar- ian – FYR Macedonian border, black asterisks – places with ‘Berber’ traps, white cross – places with exposed Malaise traps, black cross – places with exposed yellow pan traps. The different gray colored sections separate the differing altitudinal belts of 250 m. to 1110 m above the sea level. This transect comes point included fi ve closely situated traps. The mate- near to the riverside of Lebnitsa only in its terminal rial from ‘Berber’ traps was collected each month, part at Nikudin Village. Collecting outside transects from April to October. A few additional soil traps mentioned above was conducted sporadically using were exposed for the same period and in same man- methods different than trapping almost everywhere ner in the ridge southwest of Krupnik Village. Two in the investigated area. The three transects cover Malaise traps and two assemblages by fi ve Moericke most or all of the altitudinal zones indicated in Tables traps were exposed during the spring, summer and 1-2. The vertical zonation (Tables 1-3) follows the autumn months in 2002 and 2003 in the surroundings morphographic types of georelief according to ver- of Gorna Breznitsa Village. The location of the places tical segmentation (MICHAJLOV 1989). Three types with Malaise traps, Moericke traps and ‘Berber’ soil of habitats were chosen for study – forest habitats, traps are marked in Fig. 2 by white crosses, black ecotone habitats (one of which components is a for- crosses and black asterisks respectively. Additional est-plot), and meadow habitats (see also Tables 1-2). methods of collecting were entomological net col- For collecting of material, we used primarily soil lecting, turning stones and trunks, shifting leaf and traps type ‘Berber’, Malaise traps (Towns type) and bark litter and exploring cattle dung. Moericke traps. The soil traps were disposed evenly at six points along the length of each transect, as each

239 Guéorguiev B., T. Ljubomirov

Results and Discussion Hedychridium monochrum, Hedychrum longicolle, H. niemelai, Omalus biaccinctus, Chrysis elegans, The number of collected specimens from Coleoptera Chrysura lais and Spinolia unicolor (Chrysididae); and Hymenoptera altogether surpasses 9000 speci- Smicromyrme nigriceps (Mutillidae); Palmodes mens. They come from more than 800 particular lo- occitanicus occitanicus (Sphecidae); Miscophus hel- calities within the investigated area. In Table 1 and veticus helveticus, Solierella pisonoides, S. seabrai, 2 we present results concerning the taxonomic struc- Trypoxylon megriense, Crossocerus denticoxa and ture of 60 families of Coleoptera and fi ve families of Ectemnius kriechbaumeri (Crabronidae). Crabronid Hymenoptera, respectively. For the sake of brevity species Trypoxylon megriense and Crossocerus we do not give detailed data for the localities where denticoxa are here fi rstly recorded from Balkan the material has been collected from. All localities Peninsula. The family Chrysididae is represented in are roughly grouped in four altitudinal belts. The Maleshevska Planina in all altitude belts. The belt months of the collecting are also indicated. between 260 and 600 m includes 18 species, the belt between 600 and 1000 m – 19 species, the belt be- Coleoptera tween 1000 and 1600 m – 9 species and belt between For Coleoptera we list 566 species from 60 fami- 1600 and 1803 m – only one species. We found a lies (Table 1) from Bulgarian part of Maleshevska total of 34 species of Chrysididae corresponding to Planina Mt. The best investigated groups are – the 22.2% of Bulgarian Chrysidid fauna. The family Carabidae (125 spp.), Chrysomelidae (63 spp.), Mutillidae from the investigated area is presented in Cerambycidae (51 spp.), Buprestidae (31 spp.) and all altitude belts except in the highest. The amount Coccinellidae (26 spp.); the total number of species of total 17 species established corresponds to 50% from the aforementioned fi ve families surpasses the of Bulgarian Mutillid fauna. The belt between 260 half of all registered coleopteran species. Altogether, and 600 m includes 13 species, the belt between 600 500 species were identifi ed in result of the work as and 1000 m – 12 species and the belt between 1000 18 of them have been mentioned in previous sourc- and 1600 m – 4 species. The two recorded species es, and data for other 33 species have already been of family Ampulicidae for Maleshevska Planina, published. All told, 16 species, fi ve genera and two Dolichurus corniculus and Ampulex fasciata are families from Coleoptera are announced as new gathered from the middle in altitude mountain parts. for the fauna of Bulgaria (data for some of them The number of the established species in this fam- already published, see part ‘History of the inves- ily is equal to the total number of the species known tigations’); in this report, we give fi rst records for from Bulgaria so far. The family Sphecidae is rep- the country for genus Dreposcia Jeannel, 1922 and resented by 18 species (corresponding to 78.3% of eight species, e.g. Abraeus granulum, Agathidium Bulgarian Sphecid fauna) established in all altitude rambouseki, Hydnobius punctulatus, Dreposcia um- belts. The belt between 260 and 600 m includes 8 brina, Eocatops skopjensis, Tetramelus oblongus, species, the belt between 600 and 1000 m – 13 spe- Sphaerosoma antennarium and Nephus anomus. cies, the belt between 1000 and 1600 m – 10 species Hymenoptera – species stuff, altitude distribution and belt between 1600 and 1803 m – 4 species. The family Crabronidae is represented in all altitude belts and seasonal progression in the investigated area by a total of 113 species. This The full listing of 184 Hymenopteran species re- represents 52.4% of Bulgarian Crabronid fauna. The corded from the region of Maleshevska Planina is species presentation by altitude belts is following: the given in Table 2. The species are distributed into fi ve belt between 260 and 600 m includes 73 species, the families as follows: Chrysididae 34, Mutillidae 17, belt between 600 and 1000 m – 65 species, the belt Ampulicidae 2, Sphecidae 18 and Crabronidae 113. between 1000 and 1600 m – 51 species and belt be- Several species resulted new for Bulgarian fauna: tween 1600 and 1803 m – 6 species. The fi rst and the

240 Coleoptera and Hymenoptera (Insecta) from Bulgarian Section of Maleshevska... - - 1600-1803 m Altitude belt: ---- -+------+--- 1000-1600 m Altitude belt: ------nina Mountain. Abbreviations: 1 – for- 1 – Abbreviations: nina Mountain. ------literature before our study; pub. – species cited in our study; pub. – species cited literature before 600-1000 m Altitude belt: --+--+--- ++-++- - - - ++-++- - - - +------++ +------+------250-600 m Altitude belt: -+------+------+--+--+-- ---+------+------+------+--+------++-++------++-++-+-- -+------+--+-----+- ++-++-++-+- - ?-+-- IX VI IX-+------IXIX-+------IX IX-+------IX-+---- IX - V-X - + - V-X V-X - - - -I++ -++ V-XI++-+- V-VI-+------III-V - - - III-X IV-VI - - - + + - - - IV-IX IV-VI III-XI III-XI III-IX - + - - + - - + - - + III-VII VI-VII - + + - - - - - VIII-X - - - VI-VIII VI-VIII - X-III, VI , 1825* , 1761* , 1758* , 1758)* , 1826* , 1758 lit./* , 1826* ALLIARDI , 1830* , 1812* INNAEUS P , 1798) lit./* , 1881* EJEAN , 1826* , 1955* , 1792) lit. , 1988 lit./* INNAEUS L INNAEUS EJEAN , 1833) lit. D L INNAEUS , 1758* D (L L , 1799* URKA , 1882) lit. LUG EJEAN AYKULL , 1795) lit. , 1794) lit. , 1828 lit. H , 1787) lit. , 1832) lit. D ANNERHEIM UFTSCHMID ABRICIUS (P (K , 1792)* HARP montivagus intricatus OPFFGARTEN

D

M (F INNAEUS , 1808) lit. LIVIER LISNIKOVSKY dilatatus (S REUTZER

H , 1784)* azurescens RULLÉ campestris L inquisitor

, 1779)*

H cerisyi C TEPHENS (O

HUNBERG granulatus ABRICIUS

(B guttatus morio ABRICIUS

S orientalis

(T ERBST (F concinnus striatus suavis (F ) ) intricatus ) gigas explodens , 1829* YLLENHAL

) (H ABRICIUS ) convexus montivagus , 1802 hortensis , 1810 violaceus ) ) balcanicus inquisitor ) (G

) campestris (F coriaceus balcanicus guttatus biguttatus dilatatus , 1815 ) graecus URTIS ) ) gigas ) ) ) ) halensis ) granulatus

congener ) C substriatus ) merditanus ) collaris ) EACH brevicollis ) ATREILLE ) ATREILLE ) pes fi Aulonogyrus Aulonogyrus Nebrioporus ( ( ( pubescens biguttatus ru

Brachynidius

Calosoma Cicindela ( ( Megodontus Archicarabus Oreocarabus Tomocarabus Procerus Procrustes Carabus Pachystus Chaetocarabus ( Gyrinus Aptinus semigranosus Gaurodytes Gaurodytes Gaurodytes Acatodes Gaurodytes Clivina ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( Nebria

( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( Carabus Cychrus Carabus Agabus Agabus Carabus Aulonogyrus Family/Species/subspecies Phenology Brachinus Hydroporus Calosoma Clivina Aulonogyrus Nebria Carabus Agabus Aptinus Notiophilus Cicindela Carabus Gyrinus Carabus Agabus Nebrioporus halensis Scarodytes Carabus Carabus Carabus Notiophilus Agabus Taxonomic structure, phenology, vertical and habitat distribution of the investigated families of Coleoptera in Maleshevska Pla in Maleshevska of Coleoptera investigated families of the and habitat distribution vertical structure, phenology, Taxonomic I GYRINIDAE L II DYTISCIDAE L 20 26 III CARABIDAE L 17 5 8 21 1 № 28 9 16 29 2 12 25 6 27 13 15 23 3 24 4 10 11 18 22 19 14 7 Table 1. Table – species cited in the 3 – meadow habitats; lit. components is the forest one; ecotone habitats, one of which est habitats; 2 – ? – missing data ** – new record for Bulgaria, record for the investigated area, result of our study; * – new the literature as

241 Guéorguiev B., T. Ljubomirov 1600-1803 m Altitude belt: --+------1000-1600 m Altitude belt: 600-1000 m Altitude belt: -+-----+- ----+--+- ---+--+------+--++- ++------+------+------250-600 m Altitude belt: -+------+---- -+---+------+------+------+------+---+-+---- -+------++-++------++- -+-----+---- -+------+------+--++-+- -+--+--+--+- -+-++------+++-++------V IV-+------IV VI--+----- VI VII VII - + - VII VII VII V-X VIII - VIII - - - IV-V III-IV - + III-VI - + - VI-IX - + VII-X - - - III, VI IV-VII VII-XI -VI-VII + - VI-VII - + - - + - - - VI-VII - - + VI-VII VI-VII VIII-XI - + VI-VIII - + - VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII - - - VII-VIII - - - + - + - - VIII, X-III , 1812)* , 1821* , 1813)* , 1831* , 1812)* UFTSCHMID ERVILLE EJEAN , 1913* , 1787)* -S (D D YLLENHAL , 1837) lit. , 1831* , 1787)* , 1796)* , 1812)* (G , 1867) lit. , 1902* , 1829 lit. , 1837* UDINET , 1828) lit. UFTSCHMID , 1845)* EJEAN ABRICIUS , 1790)* , 1781)* ETOLITZKY A , 1828* ANZER RICHSON D (D , 1784)* (F ANIEL N , 1829* EJEAN ABRICIUS , 1790)* , 1804* (P , 1812) lit. , 1781)* dalmatinum (E ANDELLE , 1795)*

D (F RICHSON TEPHENS distinguendus vau UFTSCHMID AYKULL OLENATI

CHRANK , 1883)* OSSI (P , 1812)* ERBST wetterhallii E K. D EJEAN TEPHENS tibiale deletum

(S

(P , 1912* (D (S (K ) (R S D LIVIER (H festivus , 1822)* ATREILLE binotatus CHRANK

subnotatus SIKI EYDEN )

chalceus L (O UFTSCHMID (S ) C obtusus priapus tenebrosus (H

vestitus nigricornis deletum dalmatinum ICOLAI ) (D UFTSCHMID nis ) ) , 1825)* ) ) fi cyanicorne lampros properans festivus subcostatum

wetterhallii (N ) ) af autumnalis distinguendus dimidiatus atratus attenuatus irenis ) ) diabrachys picipes (D ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ammophilus EJEAN obtusus quadristriatus subnotatus priapus ) ) ) cf. ) ) ) (D Anisodactylus millerianus decoratus Dyschiriodes

( ( Peryphus Peryphanes Peryphanes Metallina Bembidionetolitzkya Metallina cyanicorne bistriatus bisulcatus Chlaeniellus Chlaeniellus Chlaenius

Masoreus Harpalus Harpalus Harpalus Cryptophonus Harpalus Harpalus Harpalus ( ( ( ( ( ( Tachyura Acinopus Osimus ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( Trechus Trechus Trechus Trechus Trechus ( ( ( ( ( obscurus

Dyschiriodes Bembidion Chlaenius Harpalus Paratachys Harpalus Bembidion Bembidion Chlaenius Chlaenius Harpalus Bembidion Anisodactylus Bembidion Family/Species/subspeciesSinechostictus Trechus Phenology Trechus Tachyura Acinopus Harpalus Asaphidion Acinopus Porotachys Trechus Trechus Dixus Harpalus Trechus Masoreus Harpalus Bembidion Sinechostictus Harpalus Continued. 30 37 49 57 40 60 36 35 48 50 62 33 52 32 № 39 44 43 42 54 56 31 55 41 46 47 53 61 45 51 58 34 38 59 Table 1. Table

242 Coleoptera and Hymenoptera (Insecta) from Bulgarian Section of Maleshevska... 1600-1803 m Altitude belt: ------+--+ 1000-1600 m Altitude belt: 600-1000 m Altitude belt: ------+------++++- - - - - +-+------250-600 m Altitude belt: -+------+------+--+------+--++------+------+-+-+------+-++------+------++------+-+--++------+------++------++-++--+--- ++-++-+----- +------++------IV VI--+----- VI - - + VII VII VII - - + VII VII-++----- VII-++----- V-X - + - + + - - - IV-V V-VI - + - IV-X X-III X-IV V-VII V-VII - - - V-VII V-VII - - - - + + - - IV-VII V-VIII - - + IV-VII III-VII - + - VI-VII - - - - + - - - IV-VIII - - - + - + - + IV-VIII IV-VIII + - - III-VIII VIII-IX - + - VII-VIII - + VII-VIII - + + VII-VIII III-IV, VII III-IV, , 1897* , 1824* , 1812)* , 1829* , 1794) lit. , 1829)* , 1818* , 1806)* ERMAR , 1812)* LEISCHER , 1829)* , 1825* , 1758)* , 1781)* EJEAN G , 1792)* , 1774)* EJEAN , 1829* , 1796)* , 1812)* TURM D UFTSCHMID ABRICIUS A. F , 1758)* EJEAN UENSEL S (D EER , 1932)* , 1886* , 1844 lit. (F (D , 1820* , 1829* G EJEAN CHRANK (D (Q INNAEUS EY ANZER E UFTSCHMID SIKI ABRICIUS , 1787) lit. , 1818* , 1796)* D R ANNERHEIM (S , 1827)* (L (P , 1758)* INNAEUS (D palpis (D (C fi EJEAN (F sulphuripes UFOUR avicornis UFTSCHMID

M , 1931* fl triseriatus

, 1825* (L ru D TURM

honestus pes ANZER axillaries TURM

serripes fi (D

, 1777) lit. S SIKI OTSCHULSKY L. D ABRICIUS ru griseus (P (S INNAEUS cribricollis subquadratus teutonus C dejeani barbis ) ) EJEAN , 1825)* fi M ) ) ) (F ) OEZE cruxmajor (L palpis D laticollis ru subsinuatus fi ) ) ) ) avicornis (G fl triseriatus honestus subcylindricus pygmaeus serripes ru tardus pumilus sulphuripes rubripes smaragdinus axillaris lineola EJEAN ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) maurus agilis

gisellae ) collaris cyanocephala (D ) ) ) cruxminor humeralis Stenolophus Parophonus ) ) Panagaeus ( maurus minutulus (

( Harpalus Harpalus Harpalus Pseudoophonus Harpalus Harpalus Harpalus Harpalus Harpalus Harpalus Harpalus Pseudoophonus Harpalus Harpalus Cymindis Cymindis Hesperophonus Metophonus Hesperophonus Metophonus Metophonus pallipes Dromius Baudia Agonum

( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( Lebia Lamprias Lebia ( ( ( Harpalus Harpalus Harpalus Microlestes Harpalus Agonum Ophonus Panagaeus Ophonus Stenolophus Harpalus Lebia Ophonus Syntomus Family/Species/subspecies Phenology Badister Harpalus Harpalus Harpalus Harpalus Harpalus Ophonus Cymindis Harpalus Microlestes Ophonus Harpalus Parophonus Cymindis Lebia Dromius Lebia Harpalus Harpalus Continued. 63 74 64 87 76 95 81 94 77 83 71 90 80 92 № 93 66 69 68 73 65 78 84 72 88 79 75 82 85 89 86 91 67 70 Table 1. Table

243 Guéorguiev B., T. Ljubomirov 1600-1803 m Altitude belt: ---- -+-- ---+ -+------+-- +--+ 1000-1600 m Altitude belt: 600-1000 m Altitude belt: ------+------+------+--++- +------+------++-++-++- ++------+ 250-600 m Altitude belt: -+-++--+---- -+++++-+------++------+-+------+-----+------++------+ -+------+-+++-+--- -+------++-+------+------++------++-+--+------+-+--++- ++-++-++- - - - VI VII-+------VIII - IV-X V-XI V-IX V-XI IV-X - - - III-V - - - III-X - - - + - - + - III-X VI-X - - - - + - - + IV-XI - + - + + - + - IV-IX - - - IV-VI-+------III-XI - + - + + - + + III-VI - + - VI-IX - + - V-VIII V-VIII - - - + + - + + VIII-X - - - VII-IX VI-VII - - - VI-VII VI-VII VIII-X IV-VIII III-VIII III-VIII - + - + + - + + VIII-IX VI-VIII - - - VII-VIII VI, VIII-X , ABRICIUS , 1758)* (F , 1823)* , 1798)* INNAEUS , 1933* AN (L Ř ALDHEIM , 1827)* A LLIGER , 1897) lit./* , 1997* , 1790)* , 1812)* , 1997* (I W M , 1873* , 1763)* VON , 1833*

, 1812)* oblobgopunctatus , 1904* AHLBERG AYKULL

, 1790)* , 1783)* , 1828)* , 1777)* ILLA (P UEORGUIEV SIKI UTZEYS , 1798)* UFTSCHMID UEORGUIEV , 1859* , 1785)* ISCHER P C melanarius melanocephalus

SCHITSCHÉRINE OEZE EJEAN

belasicensis , 1796)* (D

AYKULL (C.R. S (F ONTOPPIDAN , 1858)* CHALLER , 1758)* UFTSCHMID , 1828) lit. ESKE (T LLIGER (G (D B.V. G B.V. (P (P CHAUM , 1825)* , 1828* (S B.V. G B.V. (I aeneus (L (D ambiguus ANZER

& G.B. V & G.B.

S serbicus OTTES

EJEAN , 1812)* erratus , 1774)* (P

vecors carinatus C INNAEUS ILLA niger

) nigrita melanarius

, 1796)* (D fuscipes oblongopunctatus balcanicus

venustus cimmerius vivalis EER ) dorsalis ) TEPHENS

lepidus (L ALLIARDI ) DES brucki ) ) )

) G S ) E A. V denteletus (P osogovensis

niger melanocephalus ambiguus metallicus erratus

, 1875)* strenuus ) cursor ) ) ) ) (D UFTSCHMID antennarium ) vivalis ) ABRICIUS carinatus fuscipes ) pes AUTIER ) fi cupreus lepidus scrobiculatus ) ) (D (F ) ) RAATZ ) ru piceus (G anthobia aenea convexior ) ) (K ) ) ) Tapinopterus Laemostenus Pristonychus Anchomenus Argutor Pseudomaseus Platysma Morphnosoma Bothriopterus Pterostichus Parahaptoderus Phonias chalybaeus ovalis ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ) ) albipes collis Synuchus

fi Neocalathus Neocalathus Neocalathus Calathus Neocalathus Batenus Poecilus Poecilus Europhilus ( ( ( ( ( ( Molops Molops ( ( ( ru ( Amara Amara Amara

ignitum ( (

Myas ( ( ( Abacopercus Abax ( ( ( Platynus Pterostichus Anchomenus Abax Synuchus Molops Calathus Myas Pterostichus Calathus Poecilus Poecilus Pterostichus Tapinopterus Pterostichus Pterostichus 1787) lit./* Pterostichus Family/Species/subspeciesAbax Phenology Calathus Laemostenus Agonum Pterostichus Xenion Amara Paranchus Laemostenus Calathus Calathus Pterostichus Atranus Amara Amara Molops Continued. 100 108 97 101 125 104 120 105 114 119 106 107 113 116 110 109 115 № 102 121 123 96 111 117 127 99 124 118 122 112 98 126 128 103 Table 1. Table

244 Coleoptera and Hymenoptera (Insecta) from Bulgarian Section of Maleshevska... 1600-1803 m Altitude belt: ------1000-1600 m Altitude belt: -+------+------++------600-1000 m Altitude belt: --+--+--+ +------+------+------+ 250-600 m Altitude belt: ---+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------VI - - - - VI-----+--- VII-----+------VII------+---- VII------+ VIII IV-V - - - IV-V IV-V-+----- IV-V - - - - IV-V III-V IV-VI - - V-VII III-IV VII-X - - - VII-X VIII-X VIII-X VI-VII - + VI-VII - - + - + - - - - VI-VII - - VIII-IX VI-VIII - - - - VI-VIII - + VIII-IX VII-VIII - - - - + ------VII-VIII V-VI, X-XIV-VI, - - - + - - + - - III-IV, VII-XIIII-IV, - + + ------, 1886* EWIS L , 1812)* , 1852)* , 1904* , 1792)* , 1790)* , 1814)* , 1792)* OSSI RIMM , 1839** (R , 1812)* (G HREN , 1802)* PFELBECK championi UFTSCHMID

, 1841* , 1829)* , 1792)* A (A , 1857* REYSSLER , 1790)* UGELANN (D , 1849* , 1781* EER (P RICHSON cornis fi (K ARSHAM , 1775)* H , 1758* , 1866* E , 1798)* ru UFTSCHMID TEPHENS , 1781* , 1807)* , 1811)* HOMSON ) AYKULL ABRICIUS , 1802* (M punctatus , 1789)* , 1828* (D decemstriatus (S , 1834* ) ABRICIUS

, 1824)* (P (F equestris , 1840* incrassatus

rhodopensis

UTZEYS ustulatus , 1808* F

AYKULL , 1805* INNAEUS ABRICIUS obscurus ) LLIGER P LIVIER AYKULL EJEAN EDTENBACHER ) L C.G. T C.G. granulum ABRICIUS (P colon (F substriatus (I ATREILLE ) ERMAR ) D F ) (P RICHSON (O bicolor perpusillus ) L. R E (G consularis apricaria ASTELNAU equestris ) ) ) YLLENHAL ) tibialis proxima curta littorea UFTSCHMID nis balcanicus incrassatus Stenister Grammostethus Dendrophilus ) ) ) ) fi aemulus decemstriatus ) ) italicus

( ( D (

lunatum bipustulatum af

orbiculare

inequalis

aeneus Laccobius Georissus

Lumetus ( ( Dicyrtocercyon Postabraeus Abraeus ( Pelor Pelor ( ( ( Amara Amara Percosia Amara Amara Bradytus Bradytus ( ( sepulchralis illigeri quadrimaculatus ( ( ( ( ( ( (

Cercyon Dendrophilus Margarinotus Zabrus Chalcionellus Amara Chalcionellus Family/Species/subspeciesAmara Amara Phenology Margarinotus Amara Laccobius Abraeus Paracymus Amara Amara Pachylister Abraeus Amara Hister Sphaeridium Onthophilus Pseudepierus Georissus Enochrus Hister Hister Zabrus Coelostoma Sphaeridium Continued. 139 148 153 136 156 132 157 V HYDROPHILIDAE L № 131 135 152 129 142 147 IV C GEORISSIDAE VI HISTERIDAE G 143 130 134 154 146 133 151 145 155 158 138 141 149 150 137 140 144 Table 1. Table

245 Guéorguiev B., T. Ljubomirov ------1600-1803 m Altitude belt: 1000-1600 m Altitude belt: ------+----+ 600-1000 m Altitude belt: +------+------+--+-- +-+------+-+------+-+------+----+----- 250-600 m Altitude belt: ---++-+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+++++------X -+------XI VII-+------V-X - - - V-X VIII - IV-V-+------V-XI------+-- IV-X-+-++-+--+-- VI-X VI-X - - - + - - + - - - - V-VII - V-VII V-VII - V-VII III-IV VII-X V-VIII - - - + + - + - - + - - V-VIII - + - + - - V-VIII - V-VIII - - - + - - + - - + - III-VII - VIII-XI - - - + + - + + - - - VIII-IX - - - + - - VI-VIII VII-VIII - - - + - - IV-VI, VIII- IV-VI, V-VII, X-IIIV-VII, - V-VII, X-XIV-VII, + - - + - - V-VIII, X-XIV-VIII, + , 1845* , 1872* , 1822)* , 1964** RICHSON UNZE E ARNEVILLE , 1758)* , 1810)* B , & K , 1815)* DE , 1954* , 1885*

, 1807* , 1807* , 1798)* , 1833)* , 1781)* LISNIKOVSKÝ INNAEUS ÜLLER , 1815)* PENCE TURM laevigatum H EITTER TURM

YLLENHAL (L RISOUT , 1815)* (S S ARAMAN (M S R AYKULL , 1790)* B (G , 1830 pub. PENCE K , 1767)* , 1832 pub. , 1784* AHLBERG , 1792)* ABRICIUS (P PENCE OSSI (S , 1861** , 1957** , 1792)* , 1837)** , 1802 , 1837* , 1794)* (F , 1838)** (S (R RULLÉ ERBST , 1815* nigrinum TEPHENS pisanum atrum rambouseki seminulum laevigatum AMPE B H ) LEDITSCH ) ) ) ) ) rotundus elongatulus S ABRICIUS

(C. R. S marginatum plagiatum aglyptoides ANZER TURM , 1807 H watsoni ) ARAMAN

) ) ) RICHSON , 1821* EACH RICHSON ABRICIUS ATREILLE anisotomoides wilkini (G (S (F (P ) ) K E minimus angustata (E (F ) ) badius ) orientalis LEMING

ATREILLE watsoni fuscus

humator vespilloides interruptus Neoceble Agathidium Neoceble Neoceble Agathidium Agathidium Cyphoceble Agathidium Agathidium

globus globiformis Nevraphes

( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( punctulatus humeralis umbrina

(

skopjensis Tribalus Choleva

Demochrus Nargus Demochrus ( ( grandicollis fuscus ( ( (

obscura

Tribalus Choleva Nargus Nargus oblongus Tetramelus Amphicyllis Anisotoma Agathidium Nicrophorus Nicrophorus Nargus Family/Species/subspeciesAgathidium Phenology Nevraphes Agathidium Agathidium Hydnobius Catops Silpha Dreposcia Agathidium Agathidium Sciodrepoides Agathidium Eocatops Agathidium Nicrophorus Catops Agathidium Amphicyllis Continued. 159 175 178 180 183 IX SILPHIDAE L X L STAPHYLINIDAE 170 171 167 185 187 179 № 162 VII F LEIODIDAE 182 168 166 172 174 184 176 160 VIII SCYDMAENIDAE L 163 181 165 177 164 186 173 161 169 Table 1. Table

246 Coleoptera and Hymenoptera (Insecta) from Bulgarian Section of Maleshevska... 1600-1803 m Altitude belt: ------++------1000-1600 m Altitude belt: +-++---- 600-1000 m Altitude belt: +++++- - - - -++----++------+------+------+------+------+ 250-600 m Altitude belt: ---+------+--+-- ---+------+------+------+------+-- -+-++------? -++------? -++---- ?-+ V ------++- V ------V ------+-- V IX VI------+----- VI+------V-X + + - + IV-V V-VI - - - + - - - V-VI IX-X V-VII - - V-VII - - - + - - + - - + - - IV-VI - - IX-XI IV-VII - - - + - - - V-VIII - - VII-IX + + - VI-VII - + VI-VII - - - + ------VI-VII VIII-X IV-VIII - - - + ------VI-VIII + + - + + - + - - VIII-IX - VII-VIII - - III-IV, VIII- III-IV, , 1774 lit. , 2002 lit. , 2006* EER G E ERCHE ERCHE D , 1983 lit. Z , 1988 lit. , 1888 lit. Z ACE , 1790* , 1983 lit. P , 1758) lit. , 1952) pub. , 1758) pub. ERCHE , 1758)* ACE , 2002 lit. , 1758)* Z , 1793)* , 1758) pub. , 1964 pub. , 1858) pub. P LIVIER , 1842 OLLASTON , 1794) pub. , 1952* , 1913 pub. , 1875 pub. , 1846 pub. O ÖBL W INNAEUS ARAMAN , 1881) pub. INNAEUS ERCHE , 1904 pub. , 1884 pub. aeneocephalus , 1909 pub. ANZER , 1763) pub. , 1772) pub. INNAEUS L , 1758)* ) (L Z INNAEUS ANZER (K INNAEUS (L ULSANT , 1804 EITTER AULCY (P bulbifera (L maleschevskaensis OLENATI bozdaghensis (L , 1819 bulgarica (L ) (P S maleshevskaensis EITTER R UNDBLAD

) ) EITTER ) AFFRAY COPOLI ilievi K IESENWETTER L cambrica EAY R ) (R boleti R INNAEUS

(S ) L AMBOUSEK (K ATREILLE bulgaricus ONTOPPIDAN orientalis biguttatus

AC (L R

) (P cylindricum Pseudocypus boleti agaricinum boreale

quadrimaculatum

( carpathicus Sipalotricha Tylosipalia Geostiba

armiger

Stictopisalia Stictopisalia lunicornis leonhardinus cervus ( ( (

comita ( (

scarabaeoides curtisii roumaniae convexus

Stenus Aloconota parallepipedus

( ( hispidus

Scaphidium Geostiba Ophthalmoniphetodes Lucanus Odonteus Scaphisoma Pselaphogenius Bythinus Stenus Scaphisoma Bryaxis Bryaxys Bythinus Family/Species/subspecies Phenology Leptusa Trimium caucasicum Trimium Trimmium Aesalus Sinodendron Staphylinus Trox Geostiba Dorcus Atheta Platycerus caraboides Scaphisoma Bryaxis Geostiba Leptusa Bryaxis Bryaxis dalmatinus Continued. XII M TROGIDAE 208 202 XI LUCANIDAE L 213 XIII M BOLBOCERATIDAE 217 199 198 203 197 188 206 201 200 211 215 204 216 209 212 210 214 196 207 190 205 189 194 192 № 191 193 195 Table 1. Table

247 Guéorguiev B., T. Ljubomirov - - -- 1600-1803 m Altitude belt: ------+------1000-1600 m Altitude belt: ------+--+-- 600-1000 m Altitude belt: -++--+-++ ------+------+------+--++------250-600 m Altitude belt: ---++-++-+-- -+------+------+------+------+------++------++------++------++-++------? ++----- ? --+------VI VI VI - + - V-X - - - + + - + + - + VIII - VIII IV-V - IV-V----+------IV-V V-VI - - - + - - III-V - - - - + ------V-VII ------+ - - + - - III-IV III-IV - - - - + - III-IV - VII-X - - + - + + - - V-VIII V-VIII - + - + ------III-VII - - - VII-IX VI-VII - - - - + + - - VI-VII VI-VII - - - + + + - - VI-VIII - - - - + VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII + + - - + ------, 1758)* , 1781)* , 1861)* , 1781)* , 1776)* , 1763)* INNAEUS ABRICIUS , 1790)* , 1785)* AIRMAIRE (L , 1805* , 1792)* ÜLLER , 1758)* (F , 1798)* (F COPOLI AICHARTING RAHM , 1865) pub. , 1758)* (S (L , 1781) lit. , 1799)* EOFFROY (B vernalis ANZER

, 1871 , 1792)* INNAEUS EKEL UGELANN furcatus (O.F. M (O.F. amedei , 1789)* , 1791)* , 1790)* (G UFTSCHMID EY (P ) , 1891 pub. ) (J (L ANZER , 1767)* INNAEUS (K D , 1781) lit. , 1802)* CHRANK illyricus , 1802* , 1789)* ictericus

(P ) , 1763)* CRIBA (L CRIBA , 1819 & R LIVIER ETAGNA , 1802 , 1777)* (S vernalis prodromus ) (S (S , 1758)* (P putridus , 1792)* EMENOV (O EAY distinctus sticticus ) pes ERBST ) fi INNAEUS L OEZE ) ) S ARSHAM ABRICIUS metarius , 1815* COPOLI constans fi ATREILLE depressus ru OSSI ULSANT punctulatus (H AC (L ) ) ictericus ) ) (G ATREILLE (F serotinus (M (S ) ) (R ) EACH INNAEUS cavolini

amyntas gibbosus

Furconthophagus Onthophagus (L stercorosus fulvus Trypocopris Pseudotrypocopris ( (

vulpes

( ( chrysomeloides integriceps

schreberi Agoliinus Aphodius Bodilus Acrossus Acrossus Nobius Chilothorax Plagiogonus Melinopterus Chilothorax furcifer ungaricus

sylvestris Reitterius ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (

( lunaris hispanus

Onthophagus Aphodius Onthophagus Copris Aphodius Trypocopris Pygopleurus Aphodius Chironitis Aphodius Caccobius Trypocopris Geotrupes spiniger Jekelius Oxyomus Family/Species/subspecies Phenology Aphodius Anoplotrupes Aphodius Chironitis Aphodius Aphodius Copris Euoniticellus Euonthophagus Aphodius Ochodaeus Euonthophagus Ochodaeus Aphodius Continued. 245 XIV GEOTRUPIDAE L 228 246 241 229 XVIXVII GLAPHYRIDAE M APHODIIDAE L 221 225 230 238 226 237 XV OCHODAEIDAE M 220 218 222 236 № 227 219 234 239 231 235 240 242 243 233 XVIII L SCARABAEIDAE 223 244 224 232 Table 1. Table

248 Coleoptera and Hymenoptera (Insecta) from Bulgarian Section of Maleshevska... - -- -+ 1600-1803 m Altitude belt: ------1000-1600 m Altitude belt: ------++++ 600-1000 m Altitude belt: -+------+------+++-+------+++++------+++++- -+- - 250-600 m Altitude belt: ----++------++------+------+------+--- -++-+++------+---+------++-----+------+------+-+--+------+--+------+++-++------VI VI VI-----+------VI-----+- VI-+---+--+--- VII - - - VII-----+-- VII IV-V - - - - + IV-V IV-V IV-V V-VI - - - - + V-VII - - - - + + ------V-VII - - - + + - - - - - IV-VII + - - V-VIII VI-VII -VI-VII + + - - + ------VI-VII IV-VIII - - - VI-VIII VI-VIII - VI-VIII - VI-VIII VII-VIII - - + - + + - - VII-VIII VII-VIII - - - - VII-VIII VII-VIII - - - , 1835* , 1781)* , 1905* , 1790)* RIVALD F EITTER , 1893* , 1817* , 1783)* R VON , 1767)* , 1781)*

, 1767)* , 1835)* EICHARTING REYSSLER EITTER EBLER ERBST (L , 1759)* , 1812* (P R G , 1823)* (H INNAEUS RIVALD INNAEUS ABRICIUS F , 1851* (L (F (L RIVALDSZKY , 1965)* , 1801)* , 1758)* CHREBER ÜHLFELD VON , 1817)* , 1803*

ALDHEIM , 1761)* I. F (S , 1775)* M , 1763)* fracticornis grossepuncatatus vacca opacicollis ovatus verticicornis marginalis coenobita lemur , 1914* , 1886* ARAUD W , 1758)* ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) , 1775)* ODA INNAEUS ABRICIUS , 1962)* VON LANCHARD LLIGER , 1819*

(B , 1770)* INCK VON (P I

taurus B (F (L , 1789)* COPOLI YLLENHAL ) EAY ABRICIUS RENSKE M ÜESSLY RIVALDSZKY L (S INNAEUS , 1819* pius RURY ARAUD (G B (F EGERLE ) AC erythroptera illyrica (F , 1819* LIVIER ISCHER (L (B (D EAY ) ) (I. F M agricola , 1815* L osmanlis dubia vitis (F EAY (O ) schaefferi ) ) ) kuntzeni L

transversa AC

EACH AC pallida geoffroyi

Palaeonthophagus Palaeonthophagus Palaeonthophagus Onthophagus Palaeonthophagus Palaeonthophagus Palaeonthophagus Palaeonthophagus Palaeonthophagus Palaeonthophagus

burmeisteri caucasicum ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (

Scarabaeus dalmatica aestivus

Omaloplia Omaloplia melolontha pectoralis lineolata costulatus

(

Anisoplia ( ( Anomala Anomala Anomala ( schaefferi ( ( (

aurata nasicornis transversa

Onthophagus Amphimallon Onthophagus Gymnopleurus Rhizotrogus Oryctes Anisoplia Anomala Omaloplia Blitopertha Cetonia Family/Species/subspecies Phenology Anomala Onthophagus Onthophagus Scarabaeus Sisyphus Onthophagus Onthophagus Melolontha Onthophagus Onthophagus Holochelus Aplidia Triodontella Onthophagus Onthophagus Anomala Amphimallon Omaloplia Melolontha Continued. 249 262 250 257 266 XX RUTELIDAE M 275 270 272 267 274 XXII L CETONIIDAE 276 № 271 255 247 258 XXI DYNASTIDAE M 259 253 254 260 256 252 265 264 269 248 251 273 263 268 261 XIX MELOLONTHIDAE M Table 1. Table

249 Guéorguiev B., T. Ljubomirov ------1600-1803 m Altitude belt: ---- 1000-1600 m Altitude belt: ------+------+------+------600-1000 m Altitude belt: -+------++------250-600 m Altitude belt: -----+------+------+------+------+--+------+------+------+--+------+------+------+------+--+------+--+--- --+------V V V VI - - + - - VI VI - VII----- VII VII VII - - - - + VII VII VII-----+---- V-VI---+------V-VI-+------V-VII - + +V-VII - - + - + - + - - - - V-VII - - + ------V-VII - + + - - + - - - - - V-VII - VI-VII VI-VII - - + - - + - - - - VI-VIII - - + - - VI-VIII - - + ------VI-VIII - - + - - + - - - - VI-VIII VII-VIII VII-VIII VII-VIII VII-VIII VII-VIII - , ITTERPACHER & M , 1837* ILLER , 1770)* , 1865)* , 1817)* , 1763)* , 1794)* , 1801)* (P , 1758* , 1839* RURY , 1838* , 1926* , 1839* , 1790)* , 1823)* (D COPOLI , 1835* OIELDIEU ANNERHEIM , 1834* CHÖNHERR ABRICIUS ABRICIUS INNAEUS (S M (B PINOLA LIVIER L (F ISCHER (S ASTELNAU (F , 1803)* S avofasciata , 1981* fl , 1794)* (O (F ASTELNAU

BENBERGER nis , 1789)* , 1903* fi & C RYNICKY , 1817)* O degener aeruginosa OSSI LLIGER ALDERMANN

mimonti

K crinita RANDL & C , 1818) pub.

praeclara ORY F (I

millefolii , 1761)* ANIEL (R

B stigmatica nis af cichorii octoguttata G fi

CHRANK ORY diadema ERMAR

D )

ODA , 1790)* G (S ERMAR , 1885) pub. (G degener crinita avofasciata , 1758)* , 1857 mimonti fl , 1841)* (P ) ) fabricii ) ) substriata (G aeruginosa ) rossica millefolii praeclara cichorii ) LIVIER ) , 1761)* godeti ) ) ) ) EITTER diadema , 1815* hirta , 1906* ) ) CHAUM ) (O octoguttata INNAEUS ODA fulgurans (R

) angustata (S EDEL EACH ACORDAIRE ) (L (P Chalcophorella Rossiella B Carininota Carininota ( ( ( ( Chilostetha Acmaeotethya Acmaeotethya ( ( ( Epicometis cinctella funesta Buprestis Cetonischema Potosia Haplanthaxia Cratomerus Haplanthaxia Haplanthaxia Haplanthaxia Melanthaxia haemorrhoidalis

tenebricosa (

( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( sexualis hopffgarteni

hemipterus

Acmaeoderella Anthaxia Chalcophorella Valgus Anthaxia Oxythyrea Nycteus Anthaxia Anthaxia (Anthaxia) Acmaeodera 1783)* Chalcophorella Sphenoptera (Sphenoptera) antiqua Buprestis Anthaxia (Melanthaxia) thessalica Anthaxia (Anthaxia) bicolor bicolor Sphenoptera (Chilostetha) jugoslavica Anthaxia (Anthaxia) brevis brevis Anthaxia (Anthaxia) brevis Family/Species/subspecies Phenology Capnodis Eucinetes Protaetia Protaetia Tropinota Chrysobothris (Chrysobothris) af Sphenoptera Anthaxia Acmaeodera Trichius Anthaxia Anthaxia Acmaeoderella Oxythyrea Continued. 289 301 290 283 297 280 285 299 304 287 291 293 296 306 302 294 303 № 292 284 277 278 XXIV BUPRESTIDAE L 279 307 295 300 286 282 298 XXIII EUCINETIDAE L 305 288 281 Table 1. Table

250 Coleoptera and Hymenoptera (Insecta) from Bulgarian Section of Maleshevska... ------1600-1803 m Altitude belt: ----- 1000-1600 m Altitude belt: ------+------600-1000 m Altitude belt: +------250-600 m Altitude belt: ------+------+------+------+------+------+------+--+------+------+--+------+------+--+---- VI VI VII VII----+------VII----- VII - + - - - V-X V-X - - - V-XI---+------V-VII - - - - + ------V-VII - + + ------V-VII + V-VIII V-VIII - - - + ------VIII-X VI-VII - - - + ------VI-VII VI-VII VI-VIII - + - - + VI-VIII - - + - - + - - - - VII-VIII - - - - + ------VII-VIII VII-VIII - + + ------VII-VIII - + - - - VII-VIII - + - - + - - - - - VII-VIII VII-VIII - + V, VII-VIII V, , 1806)* , 1874* ERBST , 1771) pub. (H , 1859) pub. , 1937* , 1839* , 1783) pub. , 1758) pub. , 1889) pub. , 1840) lit. ARNEVILLE ÖRSTER , 1972 pub. , 1859) pub. B , 1758)* , 2005 pub. , 1806) lit. discicollis , 1800)* , 1841) lit. , 1790) lit. DE CHAEFER , 1839)* ONVOULOIR

) EITTER (J. F , 1776)* , 1785) lit. , 2002 pub. AULUS S CHALLER ASTELNAU INNAEUS , 1840 , 1787)* , 1803)* , 1799)* P (B OSSI

(R ASTELNAU ERBST , 1767)* , 1983 lit. (S , 1804 (L INNAEUS AYKULL (R ONVOULOIR UONA RISOUT & C RICHSON (C (H , 1815 ESEIGNEUR LLIGER (L ABRICIUS (P ATZEBURG M OURCROY (B ENEV (E L ORY REUTZER ABRICIUS pustulatus pilula (I , 1830* P ASTELNAU (F C. B (R (F INNAEUS ) ) EACH G ATREILLE (F brevicollis (C

Cardiophorus (Kuwert, 1890)* (L rhodopensis ( URTIS

corticalis

rubi elatus demustoides meridionalis sanguineus

Byrrhus Byrrhus meybohmi leseigneuri carinifrons

( fragariae ( angustulus hyperici hastulifer

rioloides

Xylophilus Coraebus Adrastus gurjevae Ampedus Agrilus Zorochus Pedilophorus Agrilus Aulonothroscus Agrilus graminis Trachys Byrrhus Zorochus Trixagus Elmis Agrilus Family/Species/subspecies Phenology Trixagus Coraebus Agrilus biguttatus Drasterius bimaculatus Lasiomorychus apfelbecki Adrastus rachifer Cardiophorus Agrilus viridicaerulans rubi Melanotus dichrous Lamprobyrrhulus nitidus Lamprobyrrhulus Trixagus Byrrhus Continued. XXVII323 EUCNEMIDAE Eschscholtz, 1829* 309 329 332 310 333 319 314 324 312 316 321 XXV L BYRRHIDAE 334 327 322 313 № 326 308 XXIX L ELATERIDAE 311 XXVI ELMIDAE C 328 317 330 335 315 XXVIII THROSCIDAE C 331 318 325 320 Table 1. Table

251 Guéorguiev B., T. Ljubomirov 1600-1803 m Altitude belt: ----- 1000-1600 m Altitude belt: ------+------+------600-1000 m Altitude belt: -----+---- ++++ 250-600 m Altitude belt: -+-+ -+------+------+---+------? ++------? -++------? -+--+------V ------+----- IX VI+------VI--+---- VI---- VI---+------VII------+----- VII IV-V----+------IV-V---++------I++++ - - - V-VI-+++++++- V-VI V-IX++-++------IV-VII - + VI-VII - - - - + VI-VII VI-VIII - V-VI, VIII- V-VI, , 1785* , 1859 pub. EOFFROY AL G , 1758)* V , 1899 , 1758)* , 1845) lit. DU , 1860

, 1758)* , 1775)* , 1787)* , 1824) lit. AL , 1763) lit. INNAEUS , 1838)* , 1758)* , 1802* V , 1775* INNAEUS , 1857* RICHSON , 1802)* (L , 1861 pub. , 1877 lit. , 1767)* , 1802 DU , 1802 , 1856*

(L ANGLBAUER ERMAR INNAEUS COPOLI (E ACQUELIN ABRICIUS , 1802 ABRICIUS J , 1802* , 1836* EICHE (S (L INNAEUS (G , 1842* (F , 1815 ATREILLE , 1837* (F LLIGER Mroczkowski, 1951* HEVROLAT EYRON ABRICIUS R MHOFF (L INNAEUS (I P F ATREILLE ATREILLE LUG ACORDAIRE Fallén, 1807* (C IRBY EACH ACQUELIN ATREILLE (L K ATREILLE sanguineus clematidis lareyniei surinamensis

rubripes ASTELNAU

testaceus capucinus

fucatus

polonicus rustica

apiarius

orientalis

hirtus

cinnaberinus cosnardi

mutillarius

Cantharis Anthrenus Oryzaephilus Arpidiphorus Clerus Enicopus Cucujus Leptophloeus Bostrychus Family/Species/subspecies Phenology Dicronychus Lygistopterus Trichodes Platycis Placonotus Amphotis Opilo taeniatus Pocadius ferrugineus Omalisus (Omalisus) fontisbellaquaei Trichodes favarius Trichodes Malachius Continued. XXXIV L BOSTRYCHIDAE XL CUCUJIDAE L 340 XXXIII341 DERMESTIDAE Latreiile, 1804* 352 XLI G LAEMOPHLOEIDAE XLII EROTYLIDAE L 349 343 XXXVII SPHINDIDAE J XXX OMALISIDAE L XXXV CLERIDAE L 347 353 355 342 № XXXI C LYCIDAE 336 339 345 338 354 350 344 XXXII CANTHARIDAE I 351 337 XXXVI L MELYRIDAE XXXIX K SILVANIDAE 346 XXXVIII NITIDULIDAE L 348 Table 1. Table

252 Coleoptera and Hymenoptera (Insecta) from Bulgarian Section of Maleshevska... - -- 1600-1803 m Altitude belt: -+------1000-1600 m Altitude belt: ------600-1000 m Altitude belt: ------+------++------+------+------+---- +------250-600 m Altitude belt: -+------+------+------++------+---+------++------+------++-++------? ++---- ?+ IV-+----- VI-+------VII------VII - + VII-+------VII-+------IV-V X-III + VI-X - + V-VII - - - + ------V-VII - - - + + - - V-VII - + III-IV III, VI - + + - - + - - + - - + V-VIII + + - + + VII-IX - - - + ------VIII-X VI-VII VIII-X - - - + - - - VIII-IX VIII-IX - - - + ------VIII-IX VII-VIII VII-VIII - + VII-VIII VII-VIII - + VII-VIII - V-VII, XIV-VII, - + , 1758* , 1783)* INNAEUS L ERBST (H , 1843* , 1758* , 1970)* , 1758)* , 1884* ÜRSCH , 1758)* , 1777)* INNAEUS , 1783)* (F L septempunctata

, 1852** , 1787)* EITTER OEZE EDTENBACHER INNAEUS , 1916* , 1783) lit. , 1909** , 1775) lit. EY R INNAEUS , 1794* (L (G , 1846* , 1758)* , 1777)* quadrimaculatus , 1758) lit./*

, 1758)* CHALLER L. R (L , 1758)* & R (S , 1807)* ABRICIUS ca OEZE fi , 1777)* , 1783)* CHALLER , 1807* PFELBECK , 1775* ABRICIUS ULSANT PFELBECK , 1783)* (F INNAEUS UGELANN A pulvinata (G INNAEUS (S , 1787)* , 1815* INNAEUS A TURM (F ) M OEZE ULSANT K INNAEUS (L agellisiphonatus (L magni quinquepunctata septempunctata fl (L (S ) ) ) M (G ) pes CHALLER EACH (L succincta ATREILLE fi ABRICIUS CHALLER , 1856* ) frontalis rubromaculatus apetzi collaris ru F (S ABRICIUS ) ) ) , 1911* ) ) (S quadrimaculatus russica (F ) ) anomus SIKI MHOFF vigintiquatorpunctata antennarium shardaghense globosum

Golgia Lycoperdina )

glaber C

( ( luteorubra Coccinella Coccinella Coccinella nigromaculatus bipustulatus

litura quatuordecimpustulata ( ( (

Scymnus Scymnus Scymnus Mimophillus cruciata

Nephus Sidis ( ( ( ( Platichna Platichna Triplax quadripustulatus

( ( reissi decempunctata ( ( (

Rhyzobius Lycoperdina Adalia Coccinella Subcoccinella Hylaia Mycetina Lycoperdina Combocerus Triplax Family/Species/subspecies Phenology Triplax Sphaerosoma Nephus Tritoma bipustulata Tritoma Chilocorus Coccinula Sphaerosoma Platynaspis Brumus Scymnus Scymnus Scymnus Coccinella Triplax Coccinella Sphaerosoma Scymnus Nephus Exochomus Scymnus (Neopullus) ater Continued. 369 365 XLIV L ENDOMYCHIDAE 381 383 368 366 367 XLV COCCINELLIDAE L 364 360 358 № 359 376 361 356 377 385 363 380 379 371 372 370 384 357 382 362 XLIII ALEXIIDAE I 373 375 378 374 Table 1. Table

253 Guéorguiev B., T. Ljubomirov -- 1600-1803 m Altitude belt: ------1000-1600 m Altitude belt: ------600-1000 m Altitude belt: ------+-+------+------+---- 250-600 m Altitude belt: ---+------++------+--+----+-- -++------++------+-++-++---- -+-+------+ ++++++- - - +++--+------? -+------? ++------II+------III+------IV-+------VI VI - + VI VI IX-+------VI - + + - VII-+------VII-+------VIII IV-V - IV-V IV-V---+------IV-V---+------V-VI - + - - V-XI VIII-X - - - + ------VII-XI + + VI-VII - III-VIII + - - + VIII-III VI-VIII II, VIII-XI III-IV, VII- III-IV, , 1821* (Linnaeus 1761)* ÜLLER M , 1758)* , 1837)* , 1758)* , 1763)* , 1777)* , 1843) lit. , 1847)* OEZE INNAEUS , 1792) lit. , 1853 lit. , 1758)* , 1827)* INNAEUS UFOUR EY (L (G ALDERMANN , 1824)* , 1761)* , 1835)* , 1761)* , 1884) lit. (L , 1802 , 1815* , 1775)* , 1819 ONTOPPIDAN (Geoffroy 1785)* (Geoffroy , 1781)* AY , 1852* (F , 1848 lit. , 1865 lit. & R ODA (L. D ABRICIUS , 1790)* INNAEUS OSENHAUER , 1775)* (P , 1815* (S , 1798)* EACH , 1837)* , 1842* EITTER (P ONTE YLLENHAL (F (L ALLAS INNAEUS (R OSSI variegata C ATREILLE ABRICIUS ÜSTLER (R E EACH ) RIVALDSKY conglobata (G ULSANT (P

(L AMOUELLE OIELDIEN (R OMOLI LLIGER K (F (F ABRICIUS S M B RICHSON (I (C IN (F

Adonia bostrychoides

lateralis (

vigintiduopunctata dentipes

quadripunctata sinuatomarginata picea

EACH

fuscula sabulosum conglobata mimonti

spinimanus

sedecimguttata bipunctata crenata duodecimguttata

Oenopia lyncea agnata Halyzia Xylographus Osphya Enoplopus Mycetophagus (Mycetophagus) quadripustulatus Arthrolips Family/Species/subspeciesMycetophagus (Parilendus) quadriguttatus Phenology Litargus (Litargus) connexus (Litargus) Litargus Coccinula Oenopia Probaticus obesus Probaticus Psyllobora Pedinus oblongus Harmonia Vibidia Idastrandiella allardi Bitoma Scaphidema metallicum Anisoxya Dichillus carinatus Hippodamia Opatrum Euboeus Alphitophagus bifasciatus Sericoderus Gnaptor Continued. 388 391 399 401 410 XLVI L CORYLOPHIDAE 397 394 № 398 396 XLIX L MELANDRYDAE 386 387 XLVIII CIIDAE L 412 393 XLVII L MYCETOPHAGIDAE 406 389 392 404 402 409 400 L E COLYDIIDAE 403 390 407 LI TENEBRIONIDAE L 411 408 395 405 Table 1. Table

254 Coleoptera and Hymenoptera (Insecta) from Bulgarian Section of Maleshevska... - 1600-1803 m Altitude belt: ------1000-1600 m Altitude belt: -++------600-1000 m Altitude belt: ------++------+------+-- ++------250-600 m Altitude belt: --+------+--- -++------++------+-+------++-++-++------+------+--+------+------+------?--+- ? -++------IV+------VI++------VI VI VI - - + VI VI - VII------VII------+- VII VII VIIVII++------+ - - V-VII - - - + - - - - - III-IV - + + ------VI-VII + - - VI-VII - VI-VII VI-VII VI-VII - + + ------VII-VIII - - + - -VII-VIII ------VII-VIII VII-VIII - - + VII-VIII - - + ------VII-VIII VII-VIII IV-VII, IX-X IV-VII, , 1767) lit./* , 1934) lit./* INNAEUS (L , 1803* OUBAL , 1934) lit./* LIVIER , 1860)* O , 1792)* , 1924 (R , 1763)* , 1763)* OUBAL , 1886* , 1781)* , 1781) lit. quadripunctata

COPOLI AIRMAIRE , 1849 lit. COPOLI ABRICIUS femoralis , 1789) lit. ALLAS

, 1832)* OUMAKOV (S (F ALLAS , 1758)* (S RANCSIK , 1846)* (F , 1763) lit. S (P , 1832) lit. , 1802 , 1771) (R , 1758)* (P B , 1855 lit./* , 1773)* , 1845* , 1758)* , 1810* , 1767)* , 1870)* RULLÉ , 1862) lit. , 1775* CHRANK , 1758* ÜSTER , 1850* , 1810 RULLÉ INNAEUS COPOLI ALLAS avicans avipes , 1863* (B femoralis fl pthysica fl femorata (S fabricii calida ALLAS (K ) ) EDTENBACHER ) ) ) ATREILLE INNAEUS ) ) (S (P , 1790) lit. (L (B ARSEUL RAATZ quadripunctata variabilis INNAEUS INNAEUS AIRMAIRE (P ATREILLE ÜESSLY ) ) ÜSTER (L LANCHARD INNAEUS RAATZ F F (L (K (L (M ganglbaueri L. R K

L K LIVIER YLLENHAL alpina

oralis fl avicornis angulatum (O

fl rufus

Oncomera Oedemera Oedemera Oedemera Oncomera

bajulus

dahli scopoli cerdo kollari bicolor Eumylabris Mylabris Mylabris Eumylabris ( ( ( ( ( piceus

tibialis

scabricornis ( ( ( ( zebraeus polymorphus

coriarius besicanus alpina

fugax

Echinocerus Mylabris Cerocoma Oedemera Mylabris Mylabris Cerambyx Stenopterus Hycleus Leioderus Mylabris Rosalia Stenopterus Hycleus Hylotrupes Family/Species/subspecies Phenology Cerambyx Probaticus tenebricosus Probaticus Oedemera Megopis Mycterus Oedemera Prionus Prionus Saphanus Deilus Oedemera Oedemera Callimellum Obriopsis Megischina armillata Continued. 442 424 420 418 425 426 433 437 422 441 LII OEDEMERIDAE L 423 434 438 421 440 № 432 413 417 428 427 LIII MELOIDAE G LV CERAMBYCIDAE L 416 LIV B MYCTERIDAE 430 429 431 435 415 419 439 436 414 Table 1. Table

255 Guéorguiev B., T. Ljubomirov 1600-1803 m Altitude belt: ------1000-1600 m Altitude belt: 600-1000 m Altitude belt: ------+------+------++------++------250-600 m Altitude belt: ---+------+--+------+---+------+------+-++------+------+---+------+------+------+------++--+------++--+------+------++------+------++-++-+---- +------? --+----- VI VI VI VI - + + VI - + + VI VI VI-+------VI - - + VI VI - + + VII - + - VII VII VII VII VII - - - VII VII-++----- V-VI + - - V-VII IV-VII VI-VII VI-VII - - - VI-VII - -VI-VII - - - + + + - - - + - + - - VI-VII VI-VII VI-VII - + + - - +VI-VII - - - + + VI-VII - - + - - - - - VI-VIII VI-VIII - - + - - + - - , 1783)* ITTERPACHER & M , 1873* , 1761)* , 1775) lit. ILLER ODA , 1775)* RAATZ , 1766)* (P (P K , 1781) lit. ABRICIUS , 1775)* , 1792)* ÜLLER ÜESSLY , 1766)* , 1776) lit./* , 1891)* , 1824)* , 1824* (F , 1863* , 1775) lit. (F , 1817)* , 1776)* , 1763)* pedestre lugubre , 1783)* hispidulus CHRANK , 1775) lit./* , 1758)* , 1832) lit. ) ) , 1787)* , 1817) lit./* ) , 1783) lit. , 1758)* ÜLLER ÜLLER , 1795)* ABRICIUS ABRICIUS , 1758) lit. , 1758) lit. (S ERMAR EIDLITZ ERMAR EER (O. F. M (O. F. ULSANT , 1758)* , 1758) lit./* , 1832)* (F (F COPOLI violacea G G (S ABRICIUS (G RULLÉ E ) ABRICIUS ALMAN M , 1761)* LIVIER cordigera CHALLER CHÖNHERR (S INNAEUS

(F (B INNAEUS CHNEIDER CHALLER (D (F INNAEUS INNAEUS varius RULLÉ (D (S

(O (O. F. M (O. F. (O. F. M (O. F. (S ODA (L INNAEUS (S (L (S INNAEUS (L (L (B (P (L (L livida Pogonocherus funereus

pes

guratus pallens bilineatum temesiensis fi fi aegyptiacus hungaricus varius sartor (

rubra cordigera Agapanthia

antilope arvicola ru sexguttata Pedestredorcadion Pedestredorcadion erraticus cerambyciformis

(

humeralis collaris bifasciata nigra septempunctata ( (

tabacicolor

speciosus asper

bisignata nebulosus maculata

praestus

rhamni

Pachytodes Isotomus Stenurella Chlorophorus Pogonocherus Tetrops Dorcadion Cortodera Brachyleptura Morimus Chlorophorus Agapanthia Stictoleptura Family/Species/subspecies Phenology Leiopus Xylotrechus Stenurella Rutpela Pachytodes Stictoleptura melanura Stenurella Pseudovadonia Xylotrechus Clytus Stenurella Chlorophorus Chlorophorus Chlorophorus Dinoptera Vadonia Dorcadion Alosterna Anoplodera Anoplodera Chlorophorus Neodorcadion Continued. 457 450 465 445 474 475 470 453 463 472 447 473 461 № 476 443 467 464 456 462 466 455 444 451 468 449 446 452 458 469 454 459 460 448 471 Table 1. Table

256 Coleoptera and Hymenoptera (Insecta) from Bulgarian Section of Maleshevska... ------1600-1803 m Altitude belt: ---- 1000-1600 m Altitude belt: ------+------+------+------600-1000 m Altitude belt: ----+---- 250-600 m Altitude belt: ----++------+------++--+------+------++------++ ----+------++------++------++------+------++-++------+------++-++------+------+------? V -+------X VI----- VI----++---- VI VI XI--+------VII VII - + + - - VII--+--+------VII VII----- VII VII VIII - + - - + - - - V-VI - - - - + X-III V-VII - - + - + + + - - - VI-IX IV-VII VI-VII VI-VII - + + - - VIII-IX VI-VIII - - + - + + - - - - VIII-IX VI, VIII - - - - + VII-VIII VII-VIII VII-VIII - - - - + VII-VIII - III-IV, VII-XIII-IV, - - - + + + - - - - , 1838* , 1825* , 1781* , 1758)* , 1848* , 1758)* , 1790* , 1781* CHÄFFER , 1758)* , 1825)* -S , 1776)* OSSI INNAEUS , 1856* , 1906)* , 1758)* R , 1758)* , 1845)* UFFRIAN UFTSCHMIDT (L AICHARTING INNAEUS , 1882)* EISE INNAEUS , 1775)* S ABRICIUS L , 1771)* , 1758)* D ERRICH , 1806)* , 1792) lit. (L , 1775)* CHRANK F (L (W , 1792) lit. H UFTSCHMID INNAEUS ÜSTER , 1773)* (S UILLEBEAU INNAEUS , 1837* ESTHOFF (D vittula (L TEVEN (K OSSI

ÖRSTER ABRICIUS INNAEUS (L aerea , 1761)* avipes

(S ABRICIUS sericeus trimaculatus fl moraei violaceus bipunctatus (R & G (W ABRICIUS ALLAS (F (L ) ) ) ) ) ) , 1905* circumdata (J. F ottomana , 1824)*

(F , 1802

(F (P , 1841* AY ATZEBURG , 1804)* herbacea sturmi INNAEUS ULSANT polita limbata pygmaeus ) R (S ) , 1800)* haemoptera ) ) ) gypsophilae marginata CHILSKY (L M ) pyritosum erythrocephala TURM EBLER ) ) hyperici limbata vernalis ATREILLE S ) ) ) ) ) tenebricosa goettingensis interrupta G (S cochlearae ) ) ) LLIGER ) atraphaxidis (I Cryptocephalus Cryptocephalus Burlinus Cryptocephalus Cryptocephalus Cryptocephalus Cryptocephalus ) ( ( ( ( ( ( ( laeviuscula gebleri ) longimana

Smaragdina

decemlineata

Stichoptera Ovosoma Hypericia Colaphodes Erythrochysa Craspeda Menthastriella Chalcoidea Colaphosoma concolor ( punctipennis

( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( Timarcha Timarcha Galeruca Phaedon Neophaedon ( ( ( macrops ( ( Amaurostoma

Clytra Clytraria ( ( ( Clytra Timarcha Chrysolina Phaedon Clytra Cryptocephalus Oberea Timarcha Chrysolina Cryptocephalus Chrysolina Leptinotarsa Galeruca Smaragdina Cryptocephalus Labidostomis Cryptocephalus Oomorphus Family/Species/subspecies Phenology Exocentrus Chrysolina Phaedon Spermophagus kuesteri Chrysolina Cryptocephalus Coptocephala Cryptocephalus Chrysolina Tituboea Chrysolina Chrysolina Cryptocephalus Chrysolina Continued. 482 495 502 506 483 490 478 494 499 491 503 496 508 484 486 480 488 LVI L CHRYSOMELIDAE 493 № 477 500 507 479 498 489 485 492 505 481 497 504 487 501 Table 1. Table

257 Guéorguiev B., T. Ljubomirov ------1600-1803 m Altitude belt: 1000-1600 m Altitude belt: ------++ ------+++---- 600-1000 m Altitude belt: ------+ -----+--+ ------++++ 250-600 m Altitude belt: --+------++------+------+-- ---++-++---- -+------++--+---- -+------+-+------+------+------++------+------++------+++------++------V -+--- X X --+------VI VII-+------VIII IV-V V-VI IV-X++++- V-VI III-V - + - + ------X-IV + + - + + IX-X - - + - - IX-X VI-X - V-VII V-VII - - - - + ------V-VII - - - - + V-VII + V-VII VII-X VI-IX - - - - + IV-VII IV-VII + + - + + - - - - - VIII-X - VIII-X - - - + - VIII-X VI-VII VIII-X IV-VIII - III-VIII - + - + ------VI, X-III III-IV, IX-X III-IV, , 1912* , 1842)* , 1785)* , 1827)* , 1864* , 1781)* , 1776* EIKERTINGER H EOFFROY YLLENHAL EDTENBACHER , 1758)* ABRICIUS CHRANK (G , 1803)* UTSCHERA , 1792)* , 1766)* , 1803)* S (G , 1837)* (F , 1847)* K , 1763)* OCH , 1824* (L. R OCH , 1777) lit./* , 1798* , 1813)* , 1860)* ÜLLER INNAEUS (K , 1781)* , 1799)* (K , 1775)* ABRICIUS , 1794)* hortensis montenigrina aridula lineola COPOLI OEZE (L , 1803)* ERMAR ) ) ) , 1763)* ) , 1860) lit. , 1837)* LLIGER (F (S , 1906)* G (G I OSENHAUER ALDERMANN , 1758)* OCH OUDRAS YLLENHAL AYKULL ANZER CHRANK subferruginea (O. F. M (O. F. URTIS kiesenwetteri circumdata napi cupreus (R (F , 1807)* rufa (F ABRICIUS , 1888* (K COPOLI ) muscorum (P ) ) ) ) tanaceti (P (S (G OUDRAS

) , 1767* (C ) (F (S prasina EISE (F PFELBECK INNAEUS ) LLIGER ferruginea luteola

W (L (A Chaetocnema Chaetocnema Chaetocnema (I ( ( ( Neogalerucella INNAEUS anchusae aeneicollis obliteratus atricillus luridus pratensis pellucidus

( ochripes nigripes vilis Psylliodes Psylliodes Psylliodes Psylliodes

muscorum Galeruca Emarhopa L

euphorbiae ( ( ( (

Cassida Hypocassida ( ( timida cryptocephala ( ( halmae

atra oleracea

Chaetocnema Longitarsus Altica Phyllotreta Chaetocnema Dibolia Dibolia Psylliodes Mniophila Psylliodes Neocrepidodera Psylliodes Longitarsus Longitarsus lycopi Galerucella Chaetocnema Family/Species/subspeciesPhyllotreta Phyllotreta Longitarsus Phenology Galeruca Longitarsus Xanthogaleruca Longitarsus Minota Cassida Longitarsus nigrofasciatus Longitarsus Hispa Galeruca Cassida Aphthona Longitarsus Psylliodes Continued. 530 518 526 514 531 533 532 537 534 535 527 538 517 521 511 529 № 513 515 523 509 519 512 520 528 540 522 525 539 510 541 516 524 536 Table 1. Table

258 Coleoptera and Hymenoptera (Insecta) from Bulgarian Section of Maleshevska... 1600-1803 m Altitude belt: ------1000-1600 m Altitude belt: 600-1000 m Altitude belt: ------+------+------+------250-600 m Altitude belt: --+------+------+------+------+------+--+------++------++------++ +------?++- ?+-- ? ++------V V VI VI----++------VII-+------VII----+--- VII VIII + V-VI - + X-XI V-VII - - - + - - - V-VII - + V-VII + + - V-VII + V-VII V-VII - + V-VIII VI-VII - - - - + ------VII-VIII VII-VIII - - - VII-VIII VII-VIII - + , 1836* YLLENHAL , 1989* , 1758)* G , 1767)* , 1817)* , 1878)* , 1837)* , 1837) lit./* , 1792) lit./* , 1798)* EHNE , 1771)* , 1908* , 1837)* , 1825) lit./* , 1857) pub. B , 1758)* , 1802 INNAEUS , 1763)* , 1878 lit. , 1818)* ERMAR obtusus , 1807* , 1787) lit. INNAEUS , 1792)* ) GGERS ICHHOFF , 1792)* ÖRSTER , 1799) lit. (L ABRICIUS ABRICIUS (G ATZEBURG ATZEBURG E (L (E , 1763)* OSSI ATZEBURG OLLASTON (F COPOLI LIVIER (F ERMAR UFTSCHMID (R (R INNAEUS (J. F ATREILLE ICHHOFF (R (R balcanicus ANZER O ABRICIUS (S

abietis (W (G E (D minor (L ABRICIUS

) (P COPOLI (F coronata

(F aequatus

(S viridis Larinomesius

fasciatus (

sinuatus albinus niveirostris

fraxini resinotus

villosus canescens

monographus dryographus Hylobius signatus

nitens

( Xylocleptes bispinus Platyrhinus Xyleborus dispar Thamnurgus varipes Thamnurgus Cycloderes Pityogenes bistridentatus Xyleborus eurygraphus Xyleborinus saxesenii Orthotomicus erosus Platystomos Attelabus Brachytarsus Xyleborus Brachycerus Larinodontes Dryocoetes Chlorophanus Family/Species/subspecies Phenology Ulorhinus bilineatus Ulorhinus Xyloterus Amorphocephala Leperisinus Hylobius Dissoleucas Neocoenorhinus Total (number of species and subspecies) (number Total 566 64 237 126 155 159 118 67 54 24 35 20 13 Xyleborus Continued. 558 544 560 556 551 566 562 564 565 545 548 546 563 550 553 557 552 № LVII542 1820* ANTHRIBIDAE Billberg, 559 LIX549 1820* BRENTHIDAE Billberg, 555 554 543 LX CURCULIONIDAE L LVIII547 1820* Billberg, ATTELABIDAE 561 Table 1. Table

259 Guéorguiev B., T. Ljubomirov 1600-1803m Altitude belt: 1000-1600 m Altitude belt: ------+-+---- bbreviations: 1 – forest habitats; 2 – habitats; 2 – 1 – forest bbreviations: * – new record for the investigated area, ** for the investigated area, ** * – new record 600-1000 m ----+------Altitude belt: ------+-+------+-+ +++++++- - -+ 260-600 m Altitude belt: V -+------V --+------IX-+------VI----++------VI----++------VI-++------VII-++------VII------+---- VII+------VII------+----- VII-+------VII------+---- VIII - - - - + VIII - - - - + VIII - - - - + VIII - - - - + V-VII - - - - + V-VIII - + + VIII-X - + + VI-VII - + - + + VI-VII - - - - + - - + - - - - VI-VII - VI-VIII + + VI-VIII - - - - + VI-VIII - - - + + VI-VIII - + VI-VIII + VII-VIII - + + - - + ------VII-VIII - + + , 1806 * , 1877) * , 1854) * , 1869 * , 1806 ** ERRIN ARGEAU , 1877 ** P AHLBOM HEVRIER -F , 1854) * , 1888 ** , 1787 * ARGEAU DE , 1854) * C

(D , 1854) * -F ERRIN , 1857) * AINT , 1888 * ERRIN , 1959 ** P S , 1893) ** UYSSON AINT P AHLBOM BEILLE DE DE

AHLBOM

, 1845 * , 1853 * EREZ S B DE , 1790) * AHLBOM

, 1794 * (A , 1845 * , 1854) * (D -P , 1804) * DE DU

(D , 1802

, 1758) * , 1854 * , 1839 * UYSSON , 1790 * (D , 1836 * VERSMANN OSSI , 1836 * BEILLE , 1790 * B ÖRSTER INSENMAIER BEILLE AHLBOM (E A OSSI (R TEFANI EPELETIER DU AHLBOM AHLBOM L ABRICIUS A R D S ( ABRICIUS ESMAEL L INNAEUS ATREILLE AHLBOM E D A. F F LIVIER (D EPELETIER HUCKARD (F (L D HUCKARD D W O L avipes S fl S Hedychridium Chrysis ragusae Chrysura dichroa Hedychridium purpurascens Chrysis inaequalis Chrysis ramburi Hedychridium roseum Family/Species/subspeciesHedychridium coriaceum coriaceum Hedychridium monochrum Chrysis comparata Phenology Chrysis rutilans Hedychridium incrassatum Omalus biaccinctus Chrysis elegans Omalus auratus Hedychrum gerstaeckeri gerstaeckeri Chrysis leachii Elampus panzeri Chrysis angustifrons Hedychridium sculpturatum Chrysis ruddii Chrysis germari Chrysis gracillima Chrysis scutellaris Chrysis splendidula Hedychrum longicolle Hedychridium femoratum Holopyga amoenula Hedychrum niemelai . Phenology, vertical and microhabitat distribution in the investigated families of order Hymenoptera in Maleshevska Planina. A Planina. in Maleshevska Hymenoptera families of order investigated in the distribution vertical and microhabitat . Phenology, 4 23 29 7 21 24 8 № I2 L CHRYSIDIDAE 6 17 26 5 15 18 14 10 22 1 16 9 25 19 20 27 28 11 3 13 12 ecotone habitats, one of which components is the forest one; 3 – meadow habitats; lit. – species known only by literature data; habitats; lit. – species known is the forest one; 3 – meadow one of which components ecotone habitats, for Balkan Peninsula Bulgaria; *** – new record – new record for Table 2 Table

260 Coleoptera and Hymenoptera (Insecta) from Bulgarian Section of Maleshevska... 1600-1803m Altitude belt: 1000-1600 m Altitude belt: ------+-+---- +-+---- 600-1000 m Altitude belt: ----++---- +-+-+++--- +-+------+-+------+-++------++----- 260-600 m Altitude belt: VI------+---- VI+------VI----+------VI----+------IX-+------VII-++--+------VII----+------VII----+------VII--+------VII-+-----++--- V-X-+-+++-++--- VIII - - - - + VIII - + - - - + ------VIII - - - - + VIII + V-IX+++-+-+++--- V-VI-+--+------V-VI-++------V-VIII + + VI-VIII - VI-VIII - + - - + VI-VIII - + + - + VI-VIII - VI-VIII + + VI-VIII - - - - + VII-VIII + + VII-VIII + - - + - - - + + - - - VII-VIII - - - - + - - + + - - - VII-VIII - + , 1845) * , 1959) ** , 1758) * ARGEAU , 1807) * , 1775) * -F , 1950 * , 1870) * , 1846) * AINT INNAEUS , 1793) * LLIGER ONVEILLER S , 1934 * (L (I ABRICIUS MITH DE NVREA

(N I , 1793 * (F , 1792) * OLENATI , 1833 lit. , 1877) ** ABRICIUS , 1787) * , 1879) * (F. S (F. , 1902) * , 1808) * , 1773) * (K , 1855) lit./* , 1787) * , 1787) * (F , 1758) * , 1831) ** RULLÉ ausonia ERRIN , 1840 EPELETIER , 1801) * USSAKOVSKY ABRICIUS , 1771) * NDRÉ nigriceps , 1839) * ATREILLE glabrata MITH ) , 1776) * ALLAS P ) , 1802 F B PINOLA G ) maura maura (L ABRICIUS . A destillatorium , 1807 * , 1802 ETAGNA (L LUG DE ) R ETAGNA regalis (P curvatum

) (S ALLAS ANZER (P ) (F ) caucasica (F. S (F. ARRIS AHLBOM INNAEUS (P (K (E ) ADOSZKOVSKY HUCKARD (P (P URINE (L (H ATREILLE (D J BEILLE (R ceps ATREILLE fi avipennis Eremotilla Astomyrme fl leuconotus funerarius ( ( (A ) ) ) Inbaltilla Dasylabris Sceliphron Hensenia ( ( Pseudomutilla Myrmilla ( ( ( ( Sphex Sphex Sphex ( ( ( Sceliphron Nemka viduata viduata Ronisia brutia brutia Dasylabris Chrysura radians Myrmilla Myrmilla Myrmosa atra atra Tropidotilla litoralis Tropidotilla Paramyrmosa brunnipes Physetopoda halensis Family/Species/subspeciesChrysura lais Phenology Parnopes grandior Spinolia unicolor Ampulex fasciata Sphex Sphex Ctenotilla caeca Smicromyrme Dolichurus corniculus Sceliphron Dasylabris Dentilla curtiventris Cystomutilla ru Sphex Physetopoda scutellaris Physetopoda pusilla Trichrysis cyanea Trichrysis Smicromyrme Continued. 55 II MUTILLIDAE L 43 40 51 31 38 37 35 41 36 44 № 30 34 32 53 56 III AMPULICIDAE S 57 39 48 52 54 50 42 49 58 46 IV SPHECIDAE L 45 33 47 Table 2. Table

261 Guéorguiev B., T. Ljubomirov 1600-1803m Altitude belt: 1000-1600 m Altitude belt: ------+ ------+-+---+ ------600-1000 m -+-+++--- Altitude belt: ++++------+-+-+++--- -+-++------++++++ ------++++++++- -- ++++++++- -- 260-600 m Altitude belt: V -+------VI----+------VI----+------IX-+------VII----+--+--+- VII----+------VII--+------VII------+--- VII-+------VII--+------VII------+ VII------+----- VII----++-+---- VIII + VIII - - - - + VIII - - - + VI-X - V-VIII + VI-VII - - VI-VII - VI-VII - + - + + VI-VIII - + - - + VI-VIII - + - - + VI-VIII + VI-VIII - + - + + VI-VIII - + + - + VI-VIII - + - VII-VIII - VII-VIII - - - - + - - + - - - - VII-VIII - - - - + , 1828) ** ERVILLE -S UDINET & A & ARGEAU -F , 1798) * AINT S DE ANZER , 1845) *

(P , 1758) * , 1967) * , 1909 * , 1798) * ARGEAU , 1845 * , 1807 * EPELETIER -F , 1883) * URSE SEN , 1884 * , 1763) *

, 1792) * , 1841) * N INNAEUS (L , 1809 * ULAWSKI , 1807) * , 1858) * AINT , 1858) * URINE , 1883 * , 2001 * AHLBOM (L IRBY (P S J , 2001 * , 1867 * , 1781) * , 1829 * OCSÁRY COPOLI , 1802 D OSTA UILLOU DE EK OSTA

, 1808) * Č ATREILLE LLIGER (S OSTA G , 1807 * (M , 1859 * ATREILLE , 1959 * URTIS E OCSÁRY (I OU (W. K (W. (L L CHRANK C (A. C B ADOSZKOWSKY (A. C (L M OSTA JUBOMIROV A. C nis ATREILLE PINOLA URINE fi (S AWSKI R , 1885 * J (Gmelin, 1790) * L Ł EPELETIER pes (S U fi A. C OHL P (L nis nis af fi K fi pes ru fi Ammophila pubescens Astata jucunda Astata ru Astata kashmirensis kashmirensis Astata kashmirensis Nysson fulvipes Podalonia hirsuta hirsuta Family/Species/subspeciesIsodontia splendidula Ammophila heydeni heydeni Phenology Podalonia tydei tydei Hoplammophila clypeata Nysson maculosus Gorytes quinquefasciatus quinquefasciatus Podalonia af Ammoplanus strumae Nysson dimidiatus Palmodes occitanicus occitanicus Astata minor Astata boops boops Podalonia fera Dryudella tricolor eurygnatha Palmodes strigulosus Ammophila campestris Ammophila sabulosa sabulosa Hoplammophila armata Astata costae costae Harpactus af Harpactus formosus formosus Harpactus tauricus Harpactus priscus Harpactus laevis laevis Continued. 64 74 77 75 81 70 V CRABRONIDAE L № 59 63 71 67 82 83 68 79 80 60 76 72 69 78 61 62 65 66 73 84 85 88 87 86 Table 2. Table

262 Coleoptera and Hymenoptera (Insecta) from Bulgarian Section of Maleshevska... 1600-1803m Altitude belt: 1000-1600 m Altitude belt: ------+-+---- -+-++--- 600-1000 m ------+------+---- ++++- - - -- Altitude belt: ------+--- +-+------+-+--+---- 260-600 m Altitude belt: X -+------X -+------VI-+------VI-+--+------VII------+--- VII----+------VII----+------VII----+------VII-+------VII-+------VII------+----- VII---+------VII----++------VI-X - + - - + - - + - - - - VI-X + + + - + VI-IX + + - - + ------VII-X - + - V-VIII - + + VI-VII - + - - + VI-VII - + - - + VII-IX + + VI-VII - - + + + VIII-X - + VI-VIII - + VI-VIII - + + - + + ------VI-VIII - + + - + + - + + - - - VI-VIII - + - - + - - + - - - - VI-VIII - + - - + - - + + - + + VII-VIII - - + - VII-VIII - + + VII-VIII - VII-VIII - - - - + - - - + - - - VII-VIII - - + , 1793) * , 1799) * , 1775) lit./* , 1843) * ABRICIUS , 1938 * , 1837 * (F ANZER , 1771) * , 1758) lit./* , 1829) * (P ABRICIUS , 1801) * , 1799) * AHLBOM POONER , 1798) * (F , 1875 * S , 1829 * , 1799) * HUCKARD , 1856) * (D , 1793) * INDEN , 1837) * INNAEUS , 1801 * S , 1844) * , 1807) * ANZER ANZER INNAEUS L , 1887 * , 1842 * , 1888) * , 1843) * , 1889) * ANZER MITH , 1834) * (L INDEN , 1952 * (P , 1833 * (P ANZER (L , 1845 * ARQUET , 1952 * , 1824 * (P OHL L ANZER OSTA URINE , 1809 * (P ABRICIUS ANDER AY M minutus minutus luperus insidiosus URTIS P AHLBOM (F. S (F. HUCKARD (J (K IBAUT ) ) ) AHLBOM RULLÉ S AHLBOM (F (V IBAUT OURNIER (C (S A. C R (D ANDER D B AHLBOM R (D (T V ATREILLE D L Diodontus Diodontus Diodontus ( ( ( avicornis fl Passaloecus gracilis Cerceris eryngii eryngii Cerceris Bembix bidentata Passaloecus pictus Passaloecus insignis Pemphredon austriaca Pemphredon Bembix tarsata Philanthus triangulum triangulum quadricinctus quadricinctus Cerceris Cerceris rubida rubida Cerceris Pemphredon lethifer Pemphredon Family/Species/subspeciesHarpactus transiens Cerceris rybyensis rybyensis Cerceris Phenology Psenulus pallipes pallipes Diodontus Diodontus inornata Pemphredon Pemphredon lugens Pemphredon Bembecinus peregrinus Cerceris sabulosa sabulosa Cerceris Psenulus concolor Bembix megerlei Passaloecus vandeli Psenulus fuscipennis fuscipennis lugubris Pemphredon Bembix oculata oculata Diodontus Harpactus tumidus tumidus Cerceris quadrifasciatus Cerceris Psenulus schencki rugifer Pemphredon Cerceris arenaria arenaria arenaria Cerceris Continued. 112 98 92 114 113 116 94 96 100 102 118 № 89 99 103 107 111 110 117 119 91 104 105 95 115 106 120 93 109 90 101 108 121 97 Table 2. Table

263 Guéorguiev B., T. Ljubomirov 1600-1803m Altitude belt: 1000-1600 m Altitude belt: ------+------+-+---- +-+---- +-+---- 600-1000 m ----+------+++++- - -- Altitude belt: ------+++++++------+------++++ +-+--+----- ++++++-+- -- ++++ +-+--+----- 260-600 m Altitude belt: X --+-+ VI--+------VI ----+------VI VI----+------I - -+++-VI------VII----+------VII---+------VII---+++-+---- VII-+------VII----+------VII-++------VIII - + VIII - VI-X + - + VI-X - + - - + V-VII + V-VII + VII-X + + VII-X - - + V-VIII + VI-VII - - - VI-VII - - -VI-VII - - + + + - - - - + - + ------VI-VIII - + - - + VI-VIII - - VI-VIII - + + - + + ------VI-VIII + VII-VIII - + - - + VII-VIII - - - - + + ------VII-VIII - + - - + - - + - - - - VII-VIII + VII-VIII - - - - + - - + - - - - VII-VIII + + - - + , 1845 * ARGEAU , 1883 ** , 1845) * , 1857) * -F OHL , 1807 * K , 1877) * AINT ARGEAU CHENCK , 1867) * S -F (S URINE , 1869) * DE

, 1844 * J , 1864 * , 1829) * OSTA AINT , 1884 * , 1967 * , 1758) * , 1955 * , 1804 * S helveticus , 1856) * , 1805) * , 1873) **

ICCIOLI , 1958 * INDEN , 1940 * OHL DE , 1991 * (A. C bicolor

AHLBOM ADOSZKOVSKY

(P L , 1880) * ORAWITZ K EPELETIER MITH , 1950 ** D ANZER , 1808) * ANZER (R AWSKI INNAEUS , 1841) * L ULAWSKI , 1892 * OHL Ł P EAUMONT U P AUNDERS (P , 1883 * (L ANDER A. M , 1809 * , 1793) * (F. S (F. P B , 1893 * EAUMONT , 1974 * NTROPOV (K ater niger helveticus bicolor OHL EPELETIER PINOLA ) ) ) ) NDRADE DE UFOUR K B OHL A (V

OHL (S. S A DE (S (L K gulus

fi K pendulus solskyi , 1884 * DE

ATREILLE ) ) ALKEILA ABRICIUS (L. D L OHL V (F atrum ) gulus K Miscophus Miscophus Miscophus Miscophus fi ( ( ( ( Stigmus Stigmus ( ( Pison borealis fallax spinolae

( Nitela Tachysphex tarsinus Tachysphex Solierella seabrai Solierella Tachysphex graecus Tachysphex psammobius Tachysphex Trypoxylon Tachysphex incertus incertus Tachysphex Tachysphex nitidior Tachysphex Solierella compedita compedita Solierella Pison Dinetus pictus Tachysphex persa nigripes Tachysphex Miscophus Trypoxylon beaumonti Trypoxylon Solierella pisonoides Solierella Family/Species/subspeciesSpilomena troglodytes fulvitarsis fulvitarsis Tachysphex Phenology Nitela Nitela Tachysphex mocsaryi mocsaryi Tachysphex Trypoxylon kolazyi Trypoxylon Stigmus Tachytes panzeri Tachytes Miscophus Tachysphex pompiliformis Tachysphex Prosopigastra zalinda Prosopigastra Stigmus obscuripennis obscuripennis Tachysphex Miscophus Miscophus Prosopigastra bulgarica Prosopigastra Tachysphex brullii brullii Tachysphex consocius Tachysphex Continued. 145 139 150 131 138 153 132 134 148 151 125 136 141 152 149 № 122 130 146 147 133 154 123 140 144 137 127 124 135 142 143 126 128 129 Table 2. Table

264 Coleoptera and Hymenoptera (Insecta) from Bulgarian Section of Maleshevska... 1600-1803m Altitude belt: 1000-1600 m Altitude belt: ------+---- + 600-1000 m -+-+++--- Altitude belt: ------++------+------++------+------+------+----- 260-600 m Altitude belt: V -+------VI------+---- VI------+-- VI------+----- VI----++------VI------+----- VII------+----- VII------+---- VII------+----- VII-+------VII------+----- VII - + - - - - + - - - - - VII------++--- V-X + + - - VIII - - - - + VIII - + VIII + VIII - + VIII - VIII - + VIII - V-VI + + - - - - + - - - - - V-VIII + + - + + - + + - - - - VI-VII - VIII-X + VIII, X + VI-VIII - - - - + - - - + - - + VI-VIII - + - VII-VIII + VII-VIII - - - - + - - + - - - + , 1835 * , 1835) * RULLÉ , 1829) * RULLÉ & B , 1840) * INDEN & B L ERRIS ARGEAU , 1829) * , 1804) * , 1793) * , 1837) * -F ANDER & P ARGEAU (V -F INDEN AINT L , 1758) * UFOUR -S , 1844) * , 1829) * ABRICIUS ABRICIUS , 1932) *** AINT HUCKARD , 1808) * DE , 1879) ** , 1829) * - , 1838) * (F -S (F , 1793) * (S ANDER INDEN DE (L. D OHL , 1758) * - INNAEUS AHLBOM L PINOLA INDEN ISCHOFF (V (K (L ELETIER L ,1758) * (D , 1807 * , 1759) lit./* (S (B ABRICIUS -P continuus E

ELETIER ANDER ETTERSTEDT , 1812 * INNAEUS brevis (F , 1945 * L -P ) , 1985 *** URINE ANDER , 1863 * E , 1945 * (Z (V (L , 1985 * J , 1793) * INNAEUS , 1852* CHREBER (V , 1871 * LIVIER (L congener podagricus podagricus quadrimaculatus tarsatus tarsatus denticoxa varus (L leucostoma ) ) (S ) O MHOFF ) ) ) ) crassicornis rubicola rubicola continuus kriechbaumeri EAUMONT I OSTA NTROPOV ) ) ) dives guttatus borealis ) clavipes ESMAEL EAUMONT NTROPOV ABRICIUS B ) ) ) A ) B A W DE (F

A. C clypeata DE

alpinus cribrarius Entomognathus ) ) ) ( Blepharipus Crossocerus Ablepharipus Crossocerus Crossocerus Hoplocrabro Ablepharipus ( ( ( ( ( ( ( Metacrabro Hypocrabro Hypocrabro Thyreocerus Ectemnius Ectemnius Ectemnius Rhopalum ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( Crabro Crabro Solenius ( ( ( Lestica Entomognathus Ectemnius Crossocerus Lindenius pygmaeus armatus Oxybelus trispinosa Crossocerus Ectemnius Oxybelus mucronatus mucronatus Oxybelus mucronatus Crabro Family/Species/subspecies kostylevi Trypoxylon Crossocerus Phenology Rhopalum Belomicrus italicus Trypoxylon megriense Trypoxylon Crossocerus Ectemnius Crabro Ectemnius Crossocerus Ectemnius Trypoxylon medium Trypoxylon Trypoxylon minus Trypoxylon Oxybelus quatuordecimnotatus Oxybelus variegatus Crossocerus Total (number of species and subspecies) (number Total 184 31 85 47 25 99 38 33 51 25 2 4 8 Oxybelus haemorrhoidalis Ectemnius Crossocerus Ectemnius Continued. 182 165 180 170 183 163 174 181 161 166 № 155 168 184 159 157 169 176 167 177 172 178 156 158 162 164 173 160 179 171 175 Table 2. Table

265 Guéorguiev B., T. Ljubomirov - List of Altitude belt 1600-1803 m ++- ++- ---- Altitude belt 1000-1600 m CN (International Union for Conser- CN (International ts; 2 – ecotone habitats, one of which one of which habitats, ts; 2 – ecotone 2/43/EEC on the conservation of natural 2/43/EEC on the ---+------+-++---- +-++-++- 600-1000 m Altitude belt ------+--+--+------260-600 m Altitude belt ---++-++-+------+------+-++-++------+------++------+-- -++------+--+--+------+------++------++-+-- BgE BgE -+------BgE ------++- BgE ------+-- BalE BalEBalE - - - - + - - + BalE - + - - BalE BalE - + BalE - - - BalE BalE BalE BalEBalE - - - + - - + - - + - BalE BalE - - - + BalE - + + BalE LocE LocE IUCN )

ERCHE

ANGLBAUER

Z

SCHITSCHÉRINE

LISNIKOVSKÝ G ACE INNAEUS

(T H LEISCHER i

P L CHAUM ERCHE LISNIKOVSKÝ )

ACE S Z H

) P A. F ANIEL PFELBECK vecors

HREN ) A ÖBL balcanicus EYDEN AMBOUSEK brucki ) L HAUDOIR (A intricatus H ) R K. D Zerche ) ) EITTER C bulbifera ) maleschevskaensis bozdaghensis bulgarica ) R balcanicus ) ) triseriatus ) ora); BC – the Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (Bern Convention); ESC – European Red Habitats (Bern Convention); and Natural Wildlife of European Convention on the Conservation ora); BC – the ilievi pes IESENWETTER fl ) ) Karaman fi ) RAATZ priapus merditanus ru AMBOUSEK (K ) ) ) bulgaricus

incrassatus balcanicus R (K Tapinopterus ) ) Pterostichus Parahaptoderus Agathidium ( ( ( ( Harpalus Tylosipalia Geostiba Sipalotricha Chaetocarabus skopjensis ( Stictopisalia Stictopisalia leonhardinus

Trechus Aptinus ( ( ( Gaurodytes Molops

comita ( Pelor Pelor ( ( convexus

( ignitum (

( ( ( (

Trechus Pterostichus Harpalus Xenion Bythinus Tapinopterus Eocatops Bryaxys Agabus Family/speciesCarabus Status Geostiba Aptinus Geostiba Geostiba Zabrus Pselaphogenius Molops Pterostichus Bryaxis Leptusa Leptusa Agathidium Zabrus Vertical and habitat distribution of indicator species from Coleoptera in Maleshevska Planina. Abbreviations: 1 – forest habita 1 – forest Abbreviations: Planina. in Maleshevska Coleoptera species from of indicator habitat distribution and Vertical 4 8 5 10 17 9 14 IV15 STAPHYLINIDAE I1 DYTISCIDAE № II2 CARABIDAE 23 3 21 22 12 18 6 7 16 20 19 III13 LEIODIDAE 11 Globally Threatened Animals and Plants Threatened Globally Table 3. Table IU Balkan endemic; IUCN – 2007 Bulgarian endemic; BalE – LocE – local endemic; BgE – forest; 3 – meadow habitats; components is 9 Directive (Council Directive 92/43/EEC – the Habitats Threatened Species; List of and Natural Resources) Red vation of Nature fauna and habitats and wild

266 Coleoptera and Hymenoptera (Insecta) from Bulgarian Section of Maleshevska... -- Altitude belt 1600-1803 m Altitude belt 1000-1600 m ------+-+----- 600-1000 m Altitude belt ------260-600 m Altitude belt ----++------+------+------++------+------+--+-- BalE BalE BalE + BalE - - + BalEBalE BalE - + BalE - + + BalE BalE - + BalE - - - + IUCN; 92/43/ECC - - - + + IUCN; 92/43/ECC; BC - - - + - - + - - - 92/43/ECC; IUCN; BC + + - + IUCN; 92/43/ECC; BC IUCN; 92/43/ECC; BC; ESC - - - + + RAATZ K )

RANDL ) EKEL B (J lugubre EY ) ) ) ) PFELBECK EITTER A & R ULSANT )

) (R ARAUD )

, 1804 COPOLI EITTER M , 1802 (B (S (R RULLÉ punctulatus ULSANT ENEV ) INNAEUS INNAEUS P (B M INNAEUS ius ATREILLE L ATREILLE funereus (L

SIKI (L shardaghense

dalmatica C

Pedestredorcadion EITTER cerdo (

asper R cervus

bisignata cinnaberinus

alpina

(

reissi

Vadonia Cucujus Family/speciesLucanus Status Jekelius Total (number of species and subspecies) (number Total 39 2 12 5 12 9 3 14 6 0 14 6 0 Anthaxia (Melanthaxia) thessalica Sphaerosoma Dorcadion Rosalia Adrastus gurjevae Lasiomorychus apfelbecki Idastrandiella allardi Pedinus oblongus Cerambyx Morimus Triodontella Hylaia Continued. 37 30 V LUCANIDAE L № 24 VI25 GEOTRUPIDAE VIII27 BUPRESTIDAE XII31 ALEXIIDAE 38 36 X29 ELATERIDAE IX28 BYRRHIDAE XIV33 TENEBRIONIDAE 34 XV35 CERAMBYCIDAE 39 VII26 SCARABAEIDAE XI CUCUJIDAE L XIII32 ENDOMYCHIDAE Table 3. Table

267 Guéorguiev B., T. Ljubomirov second altitude belts embrace the vast majority of the with wide time period of adult activity from May to examined Hymenopteran fauna due to the warmer late August or September. There is also a small group and drier climate and to the different habitats there. of species having their adult activity from June to Seasonal progression of the species from the fi ve August (Myrmilla caucasica, Ronisia brutia brutia, Hymenopteran families is presented in Table 4. Dentilla curtiventris and Physetopoda halensis) or Family Chrysididae appears in spring until late even shorter activity restricted only in June and July autumn time but considerable seasonal progression (Ctenotilla caeca, Cystomutilla rufi ceps). Species in species is observed in early summer time. Thus, with late summer and autumn activity appearing Elampus panzeri and Chrysis angustifrons appear as as adults after July are Physetopoda pusilla, Ph. spring species being recorded only in May. Perhaps, scutellaris, Smicromyrme ausonia, Smicromyrme they complete their life cycle at the beginning of nigriceps and Dasylabris regalis. The two species of June. June – July peak is due to the appearance of family Ampulicidae are found to appear on wings in many species mainly from the genera Chrysis and middle or late spring time. Dolichurus corniculus is Hedychridium. Some of these species appear for a established from May to June but probably this spe- short period from the beginning of June to the end cies is active until October as is has been established of July (Hedychridium fl avipes, H. incrassatum, continuously from May to October in nearly placed H. monochrum, Chrysis ragusae, Chr. ramburi, massif of Vitosha Mountain (LJUBOMIROV 2001). Chrysis ruddii, Chrysura lais, Chr. radians, Spinolia Ampulex fasciata is active from June until August. unicolor, Parnopes grandior) while others are on Members of family Sphecidae are established con- wings during longer period of time being active tinuously from May to October. In May and fi rst half from May to October (Omalus auratus, Trichrysis of June comes the appearance of widely distributed cyanea). Few species appear during August and con- nesting in the ground Ammophilinae wasp species tinue until September or October (Hedychridium Ammophila heydeni heydeni, A. sabulosa sabulosa, sculpturatum, Chrysis comparata, Chr. rutilans and Podalonia fera and P. hirsuta hirsuta. A. sabulosa Chr. scutellaris). Mutillids have the most evident spe- sabulosa and P. hirsuta hirsuta continue into the cies Myrmilla glabrata and Dasylabris maura maura summer and the autumn and the later species ap-

Table 4. The number of species of Chrysididae, Mutillidae, Ampulicidae, Sphecidae and Crabronidae recorded per month and new species observed in Maleshevska Planina Mountain

Family and species number/Month April May June July August September October Chrysididae Number of species 0 5 14 19 14 2 2 Number of newly observed species 0 5 13 10 7 1 0 Mutillidae Number of species 0 3 9 10 12 2 0 Number of newly observed species 0 3 6 3 4 1 0 Ampulicidae Number of species 0 1 2 0 1 0 0 Number of newly observed species 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 Sphecidae Number of species 0 1 6 14 13 1 1 Number of newly observed species 0 1 5 9 3 0 0 Crabronidae Number of species 0 9 48 78 48 5 14 Number of newly observed species 0 9 41 46 12 1 3

268 Coleoptera and Hymenoptera (Insecta) from Bulgarian Section of Maleshevska... parently over winter as adult female in aggregations CL in Maleshevska Planina is reduced to 34 because in the ground. Shortened fl y period (mainly in the some of these species are known with certainty to middle of the summer) is observed both for ground have their hosts bees, Vespid wasps and/or fl ies. Due nesters and pre existing cavities nesters in dead to these reasons are excluded the following species: wood e. g. Ammophila campestris, Hoplammophila Chrysis angustifrons, Chr. comparata, Chr. elegans, clypeata, Sphex leuconotus. In August comes the Chr. ramburi, Chr. scutellaris, Chrysura dichroa, appearance of another group Sphecids such as Chr. lais, Chr. radians, Holopyga amoenula, Ronisia Hoplammophila armata, Isodontia splendidula and brutia brutia (cleptoparasites or parasitoids on bees), Palmodes occitanicus occitanicus. These species ap- Smicromyrme ausonia (parasitoid on Tachinid and parently complete their life cycle for a short time as Syrphid fl ies), Chrysis inaequalis, Spinolia unicolor they disappear in early September. May, June, July (cleptoparasites on Vespid wasps) and Chrysis ruddii and August were the best months for recording wasps (cleptoparasite on Vespid wasps and bees). The CL of the family Crabronidae. Some of them appear in for the solitary wasps of Maleshevska Planina is spring having relatively short period of fl ight time 20.9%. Compared with the CL for British solitary until middle of June (Harpactus affi nis, H. priscus, wasp species which is 17.8% (ARCHER 1996) the CL Tachysphex brullii brullii, Belomicrus italicus and for Maleshevska Planina is higher. Later does not Rhopalum clavipes) or continue until September or support Wcislo`s speculation (WCISLO 1987) adapted October (Diodontus insidiosus Passaloecus gracilis, for solitary wasps by ARCHER (1999). However, there Stigmus solskyi, Nitela borealis). The main group is a possibility that the CL for the solitary wasps of of species from the genera Cerceris, Ectemnius, Maleshevska Planina appeared higher because of the Oxybelus, Pemphredon, Solierella, Tachysphex, how- low value of H – probably there are still more host ever is on their wings from middle of June through species of solitary wasps inhabiting the area which July until the fi rst half of August. There is a small are not discovered yet. group of species of this family appearing as adults Species of conservation importance in pure forest at the end of August until middle or late October (Harpactus formosus formosus, Pemphredon and forest ecotone habitats austriaca, Miscophus ater, Miscophus niger). We have determined species of conservation impor- tance with the purpose of: to fi x the important habi- Cleptoparasitic load in the explored solitary tats in view of biogeographical importance (i), and wasps to consider those species in future conservation sur- The cleptoparasitic load (CL) is the percentage of ac- veys of biodiversity (ii). In consequence of that 39 uleate species that are found to be cleptoparasites or endemic species or species included in different in- parasitoids on other host aculeates (CL=100 x C/H ternational conventions all of them from Coleoptera + C, where C is number of hosts and H is number are listed in Table 3. Fourteen species of conserva- of cleptoparasites and parasitoids). It is known that tion importance inhabit the zone below 600 meters as the amount of parasitic behaviour among aculeate most of them (12) live in forests ecotones, and only Hymenoptera is correlated with geographical lati- two species – in pure forest habitats. The altitudinal tude: CL is higher in temperate regions where host zone between 600 and 1000 m harbors 16 species of populations are more synchronized in their life his- conservation importance as most of them occur in tory characteristics (WCISLO 1987). In the investigat- the pure forests, and 9 of them – in forest ecotones. ed area are established 48 cleptoparasites or parasi- In the next two zones, the fi rst one between 1000 and toids from the families Chrysididae, Mutillidae and 1600 m, and second one above 1600 m, we found Crabronidae having 129 host species of the families one and same situation – species of conservation im- Crabronidae and Sphecidae (Table 5). The actual portance respectively 15 and 14 of them inhabit pure number of cleptoparasites or parasitoids for estimating forest habitats, and 6 of them – forest ecotones. As

269 Guéorguiev B., T. Ljubomirov

Table 5. Cleptoparasitic (or parasitoid) species and host species of the solitary wasp families Crabronidae, Mutillidae and Sphecidae recorded from Maleshevska Planina.

Species Family Trophic Status Ammophila campestris Sphecidae Host Ammophila heydeni heydeni Sphecidae Host Ammophila pubescens Sphecidae Host Ammophila sabulosa sabulosa Sphecidae Host Ammoplanus strumae Crabronidae Host Astata boops boops Crabronidae Host Astata costae costae Crabronidae Host Astata jucunda Crabronidae Host Astata kashmirensis kashmirensis Crabronidae Host Astata minor Crabronidae Host Astata rufi pes rufi pes Crabronidae Host Belomicrus italicus Crabronidae Host Bembecinus peregrinus Crabronidae Host Bembix bidentata Crabronidae Host Bembix megerlei Crabronidae Host Bembix oculata oculata Crabronidae Host Bembix tarsata Crabronidae Host Cerceris arenaria arenaria Crabronidae Host Cerceris eryngii eryngii Crabronidae Host Cerceris fl avicornis Crabronidae Host Cerceris quadricinctus quadricinctus Crabronidae Host Cerceris quadrifasciatus Crabronidae Host Cerceris rubida rubida Crabronidae Host Cerceris rybyensis rybyensis Crabronidae Host Cerceris sabulosa sabulosa Crabronidae Host Chrysis angustifrons Chrysididae Cleptoparasite Chrysis comparata Chrysididae Cleptoparasite Chrysis elegans Chrysididae Cleptoparasite Chrysis germari Chrysididae Cleptoparasite Chrysis gracillima Chrysididae Cleptoparasite Chrysis inaequalis Chrysididae Cleptoparasite Chrysis leachii Chrysididae Cleptoparasite Chrysis ragusae Chrysididae Cleptoparasite Chrysis ramburi Chrysididae Cleptoparasite Chrysis ruddii Chrysididae Cleptoparasite Chrysis rutilans Chrysididae Cleptoparasite Chrysis scutellaris Chrysididae Cleptoparasite Chrysis splendidula Chrysididae Cleptoparasite Chrysura dichroa Chrysididae Cleptoparasite Chrysura lais Chrysididae Cleptoparasite Chrysura radians Chrysididae Cleptoparasite Crabro alpinus Crabronidae Host Crabro cribrarius Crabronidae Host Crossocerus congener Crabronidae Host Crossocerus denticoxa Crabronidae Host Crossocerus leucostoma Crabronidae Host Crossocerus podagricus podagricus Crabronidae Host Crossocerus quadrimaculatus Crabronidae Host Crossocerus tarsatus tarsatus Crabronidae Host Crossocerus varus Crabronidae Host

270 Coleoptera and Hymenoptera (Insecta) from Bulgarian Section of Maleshevska...

Table 5. Continued.

Species Family Trophic Status Ctenotilla caeca Mutillidae Parasitoid Cystomutilla rufi ceps Mutillidae Parasitoid Dasylabris maura maura Mutillidae Parasitoid Dasylabris regalis Mutillidae Parasitoid Dentilla curtiventris Mutillidae Parasitoid Dinetus pictus Crabronidae Host Diodontus insidiosus Crabronidae Host Diodontus luperus Crabronidae Host Diodontus minutus minutus Crabronidae Host Dryudella tricolor eurygnatha Crabronidae Host Ectemnius borealis Crabronidae Host Ectemnius continuus continuus Crabronidae Host Ectemnius crassicornis Crabronidae Host Ectemnius dives Crabronidae Host Ectemnius guttatus Crabronidae Host Ectemnius kriechbaumeri Crabronidae Host Ectemnius rubicola rubicola Crabronidae Host Elampus panzeri Chrysididae Cleptoparasite Entomognathus schmiedeknechtii Crabronidae Host Gorytes quinquefasciatus quinquefasciatus Crabronidae Host Harpactus affi nis Crabronidae Host Harpactus formosus formosus Crabronidae Host Harpactus laevis laevis Crabronidae Host Harpactus priscus Crabronidae Host Harpactus tauricus Crabronidae Host Harpactus transiens Crabronidae Host Harpactus tumidus tumidus Crabronidae Host Hedychridium coriaceum coriaceum Chrysididae Cleptoparasite Hedychridium femoratum Chrysididae Cleptoparasite Hedychridium fl avipes Chrysididae Cleptoparasite Hedychridium incrassatum Chrysididae Cleptoparasite Hedychridium monochrum Chrysididae Cleptoparasite Hedychridium purpurascens Chrysididae Cleptoparasite Hedychridium roseum Chrysididae Cleptoparasite Hedychridium sculpturatum Chrysididae Cleptoparasite Hedychrum gerstaeckeri gerstaeckeri Chrysididae Cleptoparasite Hedychrum longicolle Chrysididae Cleptoparasite Hedychrum niemelai Chrysididae Cleptoparasite Holopyga amoenula Chrysididae Cleptoparasite Hoplammophila armata Sphecidae Host Hoplammophila clypeata Sphecidae Host Isodontia splendidula Sphecidae Host Lestica clypeata Crabronidae Host Lindenius pygmaeus armatus Crabronidae Host Miscophus ater Crabronidae Host Miscophus bicolor bicolor Crabronidae Host Miscophus helveticus Crabronidae Host Miscophus niger Crabronidae Host Myrmilla caucasica Mutillidae Parasitoid Myrmilla glabrata Mutillidae Parasitoid

271 Guéorguiev B., T. Ljubomirov

Table 5. Continued.

Species Family Trophic Status Myrmosa atra atra Mutillidae Parasitoid Nemka viduata viduata Mutillidae Parasitoid Nitela borealis Crabronidae Host Nitela fallax Crabronidae Host Nitela spinolae Crabronidae Host Nysson dimidiatus Crabronidae Cleptoparasite Nysson fulvipes Crabronidae Cleptoparasite Nysson maculosus Crabronidae Cleptoparasite Omalus auratus Chrysididae Cleptoparasite Omalus biaccinctus Chrysididae Cleptoparasite Oxybelus haemorrhoidalis Crabronidae Host Oxybelus mucronatus mucronatus Crabronidae Host Oxybelus quatuordecimnotatus Crabronidae Host Oxybelus trispinosus Crabronidae Host Oxybelus variegatus Crabronidae Host Palmodes occitanicus occitanicus Sphecidae Host Palmodes strigulosus Sphecidae Host Paramyrmosa brunnipes Mutillidae Parasitoid Parnopes grandior Chrysididae Cleptoparasite Passaloecus gracilis Crabronidae Host Passaloecus insignis Crabronidae Host Passaloecus pictus Crabronidae Host Passaloecus vandeli Crabronidae Host Pemphredon austriaca Crabronidae Host Pemphredon inornata Crabronidae Host Pemphredon lethifer Crabronidae Host Pemphredon lugens Crabronidae Host Pemphredon lugubris Crabronidae Host Pemphredon rugifer Crabronidae Host Philanthus triangulum triangulum Crabronidae Host Physetopoda halensis Mutillidae Parasitoid Physetopoda pusilla Mutillidae Parasitoid Physetopoda scutellaris Mutillidae Parasitoid Pison atrum Crabronidae Host Podalonia affi nis affi nis Sphecidae Host Podalonia fera Sphecidae Host Podalonia hirsuta hirsuta Sphecidae Host Podalonia tydei tydei Sphecidae Host Prosopigastra bulgarica Crabronidae Host Prosopigastra zalinda Crabronidae Host Psenulus concolor Crabronidae Host Psenulus fuscipennis fuscipennis Crabronidae Host Psenulus pallipes pallipes Crabronidae Host Psenulus schencki Crabronidae Host Rhopalum clavipes Crabronidae Host Ronisia brutia brutia Mutillidae Parasitoid Sceliphron curvatum Sphecidae Host Sceliphron destillatorium Sphecidae Host Smicromyrme ausonia Mutillidae Parasitoid Smicromyrme nigriceps Mutillidae Parasitoid

272 Coleoptera and Hymenoptera (Insecta) from Bulgarian Section of Maleshevska...

Table 5. Continued.

Species Family Trophic Status Solierella compedita compedita Crabronidae Host Solierella pisonoides Crabronidae Host Solierella seabrai Crabronidae Host Sphex fl avipennis Sphecidae Host Sphex funerarius Sphecidae Host Sphex leuconotus Sphecidae Host Spilomena troglodytes Crabronidae Host Spinolia unicolor Chrysididae Cleptoparasite Stigmus pendulus Crabronidae Host Stigmus solskyi Crabronidae Host Tachysphex brullii brullii Crabronidae Host Tachysphex consocius Crabronidae Host Tachysphex fulvitarsis fulvitarsis Crabronidae Host Tachysphex graecus Crabronidae Host Tachysphex incertus incertus Crabronidae Host Tachysphex mocsaryi mocsaryi Crabronidae Host Tachysphex nitidior Crabronidae Host Tachysphex obscuripennis obscuripennis Crabronidae Host Tachysphex persa nigripes Crabronidae Host Tachysphex pompiliformis Crabronidae Host Tachysphex psammobius Crabronidae Host Tachysphex tarsinus Crabronidae Host Tachytes panzeri Crabronidae Host Trichrysis cyanea Chrysididae Cleptoparasite Tropidotilla litoralis Mutillidae Parasitoid Trypoxylon beaumonti Crabronidae Host Trypoxylon deceptorium Crabronidae Hos Trypoxylon fi gulus fi gulus Crabronidae Host Trypoxylon kolazyi Crabronidae Host Trypoxylon kostylevi Crabronidae Host Trypoxylon medium Crabronidae Host Trypoxylon megriense Crabronidae Host Trypoxylon minus Crabronidae Host

a result, we come to the conclusion that the increase to the species number insect orders. This established of species of conservation importance in pure for- fact demonstrates the need of systematic and contin- est habitats is dependant on the increase of altitude, ued collection of samples and data in other similar respectively the increase of those species in forest regions of the country with aim to investigate and ecotones is dependant on the decrease of altitude. protect local communities.

Conclusion Acknowledgments: During the course of the terrain work, Dr. Stoyan Lazarov (IZ) gave us invaluable aid by means of the set- The total of 679 species (as 23 of them new for ting and controlling of the traps as well as by collecting mate- rial. We are render thanks to the people who helped us with the Bulgarian fauna), 500 from Coleoptera and 179 from determination of separate groups of Coleoptera: Dr. Rostislav Hymenoptera, established in a still poorly investigat- Bekchiev (Pselaphinae), Mr. Evgeni Chehlarov (Histeridae), Dr. ed frontier area of Bulgaria represents only part of a Danail Doychev (Omalisidae, Scolytinae), Dr. Roberto Fabbri (Byrrhidae), Dr. Georgi Georgiev (Cerambycidae, in part), Prof. higher biodiversity of the two biggest with regard Blagoy Gruev (Chrysomelidae, in part), Mrs. Vassila Jordanova

273 Guéorguiev B., T. Ljubomirov

(Coccinellidae), Dr. Enrico Migliaccio (Buprestidae, in part), him in the eastern part of Maleshevska Planina. During our trips Dr. Lucien Leseigneur (Throscidae), Prof. Andreas Reichenbach in the mountain, we were enjoyed the hostility of Carolina and (Melolonthidae, in part, Rutelidae, in part), Dr. Vladimir Saka- Nikolay Kanchevi in Gornobrezhnishki Monastery. The Bulgar- lian (Buprestidae, in part), Mr. Stanislav Vit (Scydmaenidae). ian Ministry of Education and Sciences supported the project Enrico Migliaccio kindly gave us data on Carabidae, Scara- ‘Arachnoentomogical investigations in forest ecosystems of the baeoidea, Buprestidae, Elateridae, Coccinellidae, Meloidae, Maleshevska Planina’ (No B–MU–1101/01). Cerambycidae, Chrysomelidae and Curculionidae collected by

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275 Guéorguiev B., T. Ljubomirov Coleoptera и Hymenoptera (Insecta) от българския дял на Малешевската планина: изследване на едно доскоро непознато биологично разнообразие

Б. Георгиев, Т. Любомиров

(Резюме)

Настоящето изследване е резултат от над тригодишни теренни проучвания върху биоразнообразието, обилието, сезонната активност и хабитатните предпочитания на насекоми от разредите Coleoptera и Hymenoptera в източните склонове на Малешевска планина – един почти непознат по отношение на фауната на насекомите граничен район. Шестдесет семейства от Coleoptera и пет семейства от Hymenoptera бяха изследвани. Материалите бяха събрани чрез ръчен сбор, почвени капани, капани Moericke (цветни капани) и малейзиеви (Malaise) ловилки. Направено е кратко описание на предшествуващите изследвания и описание на използваната методологията за инвентаризция, като списъка на установените видове е представен в табличен вид. Списъкът съдържа 750 вида (566 от Coleoptera и 184 от Hymenoptera) от българската част на Малешевската планина. Нови за фауната на планината са 679 вида (500 от Coleoptera и 179 от Hymenoptera), като 23 от тях са нови и за фауната на България (два вида - Crossocerus denticoxa and Trypoxylon megriense се съобщават и за първи път от Балканския полуостров). Разгледано е височинното разпределение и сезонната активност на ципокрилите насекоми от Ampulicidae, Chrysididae, Crabronidae, Mutillidae и Sphecidae. Клептопаразитното натоварване на единично живеещите оси от Малешевската планина е 20.9%. Сравнително високата стойност на клептопаразитно натоварване е в противоречие с хипотезата на WCISLO (1987) за наличието на корелация между географската ширина и стойността на коефициента на клептопаразитно натоварване. В допълнение, са определени 39 вида от Coleoptera с консервационна важност, като е установена зависимост между техния брой, типа горски хабитат и надморската височина. Съществуващото богато биоразнообразие като резултат от изследване само на част от двата най-бо- гати на видове насекомни разреда в един слабо изследван граничен район на България показва необ- ходимостта от системни изследвания и в други подобни територии с цел да се проучи и евентуално защити тяхното локално фаунистично разнообразие.

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