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Review of the Tribe Hyperaspidini Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from Iran

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Review of the Tribe Hyperaspidini Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from Iran Zootaxa 4236 (2): 311–326 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2017 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4236.2.6 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:01F6A715-AA19-4A2A-AD79-F379372ACC65 Review of the tribe Hyperaspidini Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from Iran AMIR BIRANVAND1, WIOLETTA TOMASZEWSKA2,11, OLDŘICH NEDVĚD3,4, MEHDI ZARE KHORMIZI5, VINCENT NICOLAS6, CLAUDIO CANEPARI7, JAHANSHIR SHAKARAMI8, LIDA FEKRAT9 & HELMUT FÜRSCH10 1Young Researchers and Elite Club, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, Iran. E-mail: amir.beiran@gmail 2Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland. E-mail: [email protected] 3Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, CZ-37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic. E-mail: [email protected] 4Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic. 5Department of Entomology, College of Agricultural Sciences, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran. E-mail: [email protected] 627 Glane, 87200 Saint-Junien, France. E-mail: [email protected] 7Via Venezia 1, I-20097 San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy. E-mail: [email protected] 8Plant Protection Department, Lorestan University, Agricultural faculty, Khorramabad, Iran. E-mail: [email protected] 9Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. E-mail: [email protected] 10University Passau, Didactics of Biology, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] 11Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The Iranian species of the tribe Hyperaspidini Mulsant, 1846 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) are reviewed. The current list includes 12 species, all placed in a single genus Hyperaspis Chevrolat, 1836. Hyperapsis asiatica Lewis, 1896 and H. pumila Mulsant, 1850 are excluded from the Iranian list of Coccinellidae. Diagnoses of the tribe Hyperaspidini and the genus Hyperaspis are given. Images of adult beetles and diagnostic characters of the male genitalia of all species distrib- uted in Iran are shown. A key to identification of the species is presented. Distribution records are provided for each spe- cies along with information on host plants and prey species when available. Key words: Coccinelloidea, Hyperaspis, checklist, key, lady beetles Introduction Superfamily Coccinelloidea (Coleoptera, Polyphaga) comprises taxa formerly placed in the Cerylonid Series of the superfamily Cucujoidea. It includes 15 families: Bothrideridae, Teredidae, Euxestidae, Murmidiidae, Discolomatidae, Cerylonidae, Latridiidae, Akalyptoischiidae, Alexiidae, Corylophidae, Anamorphidae, Endomychidae, Mycetaeidae, Eupsilobiidae and Coccinellidae (Robertson et al. 2015). The family Coccinellidae, with 360 genera and over 6,000 species (Vandenberg 2002; Ślipiński & Tomaszewska 2010; Nedvěd & Kovář 2012), is extremely diverse both morphologically and ecologically. Since the establishment of the family name by Latreille (1807), a vast number of systematic studies of Coccinellidae have proposed various subfamily and tribe-level classifications (Mulsant 1846, 1850; Crotch 1874; Casey 1899; Sasaji 1968, 1971; Gordon 1994). Kovář (1996) recognized 7 subfamilies including Coccinellinae, Coccidulinae, Chilocorinae, Epilachninae, Scymninae, Sticholotidinae and Ortaliinae. Ślipiński (2007) found these classifications phylogenetically unacceptable and argued the basal split of Coccinellidae into two subfamilies Microweiseinae and Coccinellinae. This classification was confirmed by subsequent morphological and molecular Accepted by M. Gimmel: 19 Dec. 2016; published: 23 Feb. 2017 311 studies (Robertson et al. 2008; Giorgi et al. 2009; Seago et al. 2011; Robertson et al. 2015). Nedvěd & Kovář (2012), however, proposed another classification including 9 subfamilies (Coccinellinae, Coccidulinae, Scymninae, Chilocorinae, Epilachninae, Sticholotidinae, Ortaliinae, Exoplectrinae and Microweiseinae) and 42 tribes for this family. Considering food preferences, Coccinellidae can be divided into two major groups: predaceous and phytophagous. Predaceous Coccinellidae attack a wide range of insects including whiteflies (Aleyrodoidea), aphids (Aphidoidea), chrysomelid beetle larvae (Chrysomelidae), mealybugs (Coccoidea), psyllids (Psylloidea) (Hodek & Honěk 2009; Obrycki et al. 2009; Hodek & Evans 2012) and ants (Formicidae) (Harris 1921; Pope & Lawrence 1990; Samways et al. 1997; Majerus et al. 2007). Stethorini are specialist predators on tetranychid mites (Biddinger et al. 2009) while numerous and diverse Epilachnini (Szawaryn et al. 2015) are phytophagous (Gordon 1985; Giorgi et al. 2009) and preferably feed on plants from the families Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae (Raimundo & van Harten 2000; Canepari 2011). Mycophagy is observed in former tribes Tytthaspidini and Halyziini (Sutherland & Parrella 2009). Some species of Coccinellini visit flowers and feed on pollen and nectar, usually as a supplement to a predatory diet (Ślipiński 2007). The tribe Hyperaspidini Mulsant is represented in the Palearctic by a single genus (Hyperaspis Chevrolat, 1836) but is much more diverse in the New World with 6 genera (Blaisdelliana Gordon, 1970; Brachiacantha Dejean, 1837; Hyperaspidius Crotch, 1873; Thalassa Mulsant, 1850; Helesius Casey, 1899 and Hyperaspis) known from North America including Mexico and 8 genera (Hyperaspis; Tenuisvalva Duverger, 1989; Thalassa; Menoscelis Mulsant, 1850; Diazonema Weise, 1926; Clypeaspis Gordon & Canepari, 2008; Prognataspis Gordon & Canepari, 2008 and Peruaspis Gordon & Canepari, 2008) from South America (Gordon 1985; Gordon & Canepari 2008). Hyperaspis is a large genus with 48 species recorded from the Palearctic region (Kovář 2007; Raimundo et al. 2006; Bogaert et al. 2012), 103 species from North America and Mexico (Gordon 1985; Gordon & Canepari 2008) and 68 species from South America (Gordon & Canepari 2008). Larvae and adults of Hyperaspis are voracious predators feeding on all development stages of scale insects (e.g., Coccidae and Pseudococcidae) and on aphids (Gordon & Canepari 2008). Specimens of Hyperaspis chevrolati Canepari, 1985 have also been observed in a field full of nests of ants of the genus Messor (Canepari, pers. obs.), which may suggest myrmecophile habits like those known in some other Hyperaspidini (Brachyacantha ursina (Fabricius, 1787), and B. quadripunctata (Melsheimer, 1847), Menoscelis saginata (Mulsant, 1850)) (Berti et al. 1983; Chapin 1966; Orivel et al. 2004). Duverger (1983) reported 6 species of the genus Hyperaspis from Iran, i.e. H. persica Duverger, 1983, H. polita Weise, 1885, H. pumila Mulsant, 1850, H. quadrimaculata Redtenbacher, 1843, H. syriaca Weise, 1885 and H. transversoguttata Weise, 1878. Subsequently, some other records of this genus were reported by Yazdani (1990), Moodi & Mossadegh (1995), Bagheri & Mossadegh (1997), Yaghmaei & Kharazi Pakdel (1995), Kovář (2007), Moddarres-Awal (2012), Sadat Alizadeh et al. (2013) and Zare Khormizi et al. (2014). In this paper, we attempt to complete previous studies on Iranian Hyperaspidini, correct previous possible misidentifications and update the information on Iranian species of the tribe. Material and methods Coccinellid samples were collected by sweep net from different localities in Iran between 2013 and 2015 (Fig. 28). Moreover, specimens of Coccinellidae preserved in Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum of the Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection and Insect Museum of Islamic Azad University of Shiraz were also examined. External morphology of ladybirds was observed with a stereo microscope (Olympus SZ- ST). Male and female genitalia were dissected, boiled for 10 minutes in 10% KOH and examined with an Olympus CX21 compound microscope. Images of genitalia were first photographed with a digital camera, then transferred to the Adobe Photoshop CS5.1 software and finally, all genital pictures were prepared by turning images into drawings (Adobe Photoshop CS5.1). The beetles were identified to the species level with the help of available keys and resources (Capra 1929; Mader 1955; Iablokoff-Khnzorian 1971; Duverger 1983; Canepari et al. 1985; Fürsch 1996; Raimundo et al. 2008). Specimens collected and examined during this study are deposited in the Department of Entomology, College 312 · Zootaxa 4236 (2) © 2017 Magnolia Press BIRANVAND ET AL. of Agricultural Sciences, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran, and in Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum of the Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection and Plant Protection Department, Lorestan University, Agricultural Faculty, Khorramabad, Iran. In this paper we follow the higher classification of Coccinellidae by Seago et al. (2011). Taxonomy of the species level agrees with Kovář (2007) except for Hyperaspis inexpectata Günther, 1959, which we consider as a valid species and not a junior synonym of Hyperapsis concolor Suffrian, 1843 (Canepari 2009). Although Kovář (2007) listed H. inexpectata as a synonym of H. concolor Suffrian, 1843, Canepari et al. (1985) considered this species totally different from H. concolor. We could not examine the holotype of H. inexpectata. These species need a thorough revision to clarify their status (Canepari 2009). Species are arranged alphabetically for convenience. The geographical distribution and host plants are given for all species based on literature, labels
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