Household Burglary

...

U.S. Department of Justice Bureau of Justice Statistics

A substantial proportion of violent crimes that occur in the home are committed during household bur glaries. Three-fifths of all rapes in the January 1985 home, three-fifths of all home HOUsehold burglary ranks among National Crime Survey (NCS), the ~ robberies, and about a third of home the more serious felony crimes, . I aggravated and simple assaults are not only because it involves the only national source of detailed data r committed by burglars. During the 10- illegal entry of one's home, but on the characteristics of individual ! year period 1973-82, 2.8 million such also because a substantial pro felony crimes. During the 10 year violent crimes occurred during the portion of tile violent crimes that period 1973-82, there were about 73 f occur in the home take place dur million incidents of househOld course of burglaries, even though the burglary. vast majority of burglaries occur when ing II burglary incident. Thus no household member is present. burglary is potentially a far more Using the information presented in serious crime than its classifi this report, concerned citizens and Defining burglary cation as a property offense indi law enforcement officials will be cates; for many Victims, including able to develop a profile of house Burglary, like many other crimes, those that avoid the trauma of holds at risk of being burglarized. has a precise legal definition that may persona! confrontation, the inva The crime prevention potential of vary among jurisdictions. sion of their home on one or more such a risk profile is enormous. occasions constitutes a violation Future BJS bulletins will address The definitions used in the National that prQQuoes permanent emotion other felony crimes: bette!' to assi8t Crime Survey (NCS) differ somewhat al scars. individuals in minimizing their risk of victimization. from the definition used in the Uniform This study of burglary is based Crime Reporting progranl (UCRi of the on 10 years of data from the Steven R. SchleSinger Federal Bureau of inVestigation. The Director UCR bases its classification upon a deteJ;'minatign of the cff~mdGr-fs intent. place. Illegal entry into /;l garage; shed, Because this concept is often difficult or ahy other strucfure on the premises entry, attempted forCible entr-y, and or impossible to establish in a victimi also constitutes household burglary. In Unlawful entry took place. Unlawful zation survey, the NCS replaces the fact, burglary does not necessarily have entry accounted for 45% of all bur test of intent with a test of whether to occur on the premises. If the break glaries, forcible entry made up 33%, the offender had the right to enter the ing and entering occurred in a hotel or and attempted forcible entry accounted residence. a vacation reSidence, it would still be for 22% gf all burglaries (table 1). classified as bur-glill'Y ior the household These and other data derived from the The NCB defines burglary as unlaw Whose member or members were stay Bur-eau's Nationai Crime Survey (NCS) ful or forcible entry of a residence, ing there at the time. provide 3. detailed description of the usually, but not necGssarily, attended crime of household burglary. by theft, including attempted forcible Three types of burglary can be entry. The entry may be by force, such distinguished: as piCking a lock, breaking a window, or • Forcible entry-in Which force is used to gain entry (e.g., by breaking a win Table 1. HOWlebold burglaries, 1973-1982 ! slashing a screen, or it may be through 1.< an unlocked door or an open window. dow or slashing a screen). • j Type of Average :LJ As long as the person had no legal right • Attempted forcible entry-in which Per- annual burglary ~ to enter, a burglary has occurred. force is used in an attempt to gain Number cent rateB entry. '" Total 73,308,000 . Furthermore, the structure entered • UnJawful entry-in which someone 100% 94.6 , ' Forcible entry 24,251,000 33 need not be the residence itself for a with no legal right to be on the pre Unlawful entry 31.3 IJ . 32,956,000 [ t household burglary to have taken mises gains entry even though force is Attempted 45 42.5 . 0 not used. , forcible entry 16,100,000 22 . IThe differences and similarities between the NCIl 20.8 . and UCR are diSCUSSed in the first IDS bulletin, Note: Detail may not sum to totals because , .I Measuring Crime (February 1981, NCJ-75710). During the 10-year period examined of rounding. here, 73 million incidents of forcible anate per J,OOO houscholds. !I/j

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Findings Table 2. Relationship to offenders in hoUsehold burglaries, 1973-82 Seasonal fiuctuations. Burglary (table 4). The distribution of incidents (table 5). Such is not the case, occurred more often in the warmer in which the time of occurrence was however, for attempted forcible Not every household burglary fits Percent of incidents months than in the colder months, known was about evenly divided entry. An attempted theft was re the common view of burglary: intrusion &Irglary Forcible UnlawfUl Attempted Offender characteristics total entry entry forcible entry though this pattern was more pro between day and night for each type of ported in only 14% of all such incidents by a stranger, by force or stealth, with nounced for unlawful entry than for burglary, although victims reported and a completed theft in only 3%. It is intent to steal property. In reality, a Total burglaries in which offender completed or attempted forcible entry that a greater proportion of attempted likely that many victims, having only substantial percentage of household ebaraeterlaties were obtained 100.Qcx. 100.0cx. 100.0cx. 100.0% (figure 1). A possible explanation for forcible entries than of other types evidence of an attempted entry, such as burglaries are committed by I?ersons Spousel ex-spouse 7.5 7.5 10.0 1.8 the larger seasonal fluctuation in occurred between midnight and 6 a.m. damaged locks or broken windows, related to or known by the victims, and Other relatives 3.9 5.6 3.9 2.2 Acquaintanccs 25.0 25.5 28.9 15.6 unlawful entry is the greater tendency declined to speculate on the intent of in a large number of burglaries the Known by sight only 5.6 5.8 5.8 4.9 to leave windows and doors open during Theft and property damage. The vast the persons who tried to gain entry to victims report that there was no theft Strangers 47.8 44.1 45.1 57.6 the warm months, creating an opportu majority of all forcible entries and their home. or attempt to steal property. Offender Identity uncertain 10.3 11.5 6.4 17.9 nity for easy entry. unlawful entries involve actual or Percent of all burglaries in which attempted theft of household property The distribution of burglaries Information about offenders was offender characteristles were obtained 9.4 6.9 11.0 10.1 Time of day. A greater proportion of available f~r about 10 percent of all Note: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. the victims of forcible entry than the Table 4. Percent of burglaries by time of occurrence, 1973-82 burglaries. Slightly less than half of victims of unlawful entry or attempted Percent of incidents these burglaries were known to have forcible entry could identify the period been committed by strangers (table 2). &Irglary Forcible Unlawful Attempted Table 3. IlIrgIary incident rates, 1973-82 avenge yearly rates, of day in which the intrusion took place Time of occurrence total entry entry forcible entry Spouses or ex-spouses committed 7%; by bou!Iebold characteristies other relatives, 4%; and acquaintances, Total 100.0cx. 100.0cx. iOiJ.Ocx. 100.0% 25%. The percent distribution of of Rate 2er 1,000 households , Daytime . fenders for completed forcible entry &Irglary Forcible UnlawfUl Attempted Percent distribution of each 6 a.m.-6 p.m. 35.5 38.6 37.1 27.6 and for unlawful entry were quite simi Household characteristics total entry entry forcible entry type of burglary by month of commission Nightlme lar. Attempted forcible entry had a far All hoUIIeho1d11 94.6 31.3 U.5 20.8 6 p.m.-midnight 18.9 22.1 16.1 19.9 higher proportion of strangers and Midnight-6 a.m. 12.1 11.7 9.9 17.2 Race of houI!ehold bead Forcible entry by month Night but don't know when 7.9 7.9 7.6 8.6 persons of unknown relationship than White 89.6 27.9 42.4 19.2 Percent of Incidents either of the other two burglary types. mack 137.1 59.7 44.0 33.3 Not known and not available 25.6 19.8 29.3 26.8 Other 96.3 32.0 40.8 23.4 10 - Note: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Characteristics of households Farony lneome victimized by burglary Less than $7,500 111.9 37.2 49.7 25.1 $7,50(}-$14,999 90.1 30.5 38.9 20.7 $15,000-$24,999 84.7 26.4 40.0 18.2 Table 5. Percent of burglaries involving property theft Race of household head. mack house $25,000 or more 90.5 28.6 44.2 17.7 or property damage, 1973-82 holds were forcibly entered (including Teuure attempts) much more frequently than Owned or being bought 76.5 24.9 35.8 15.8 Percent of incidents white households, but they were unlaw Rented 127.0 42.8 54.5 29.6 &Irglary Forcible UnlawfUl Attempted Type of crime total entry entry forcible entry fully entered at roughly the same rate Number ot units in structure (table 3). Households of other races 1 86.0 28.5 39.8 17.8 Involving theft 62.9% 77.2% 81.9% 2.7% (Native Americans, Asians, and Pacifk~ 2 108.0 37.9 45.1 24.9 Involving attempted theft 7.1 6.2 4.2 14.3 3 112.9 42.9 44.5 25.6 Involving property damage 41.7 72.6 7.1 66.0 Islanders) had burglary rates compau- 4 128.1 42.9 50.0 35.1 I I i' " ' i able to those of white households. 5-9 133.3 47.0 51.3 35.0 April Oct Note: Percentages do not add to 100 because a single 10 or more 105.6 33.6 45.2 26.8 burglary can have elements of both theft and property damage. Family income. Families with incomes Mobile homes 82.7 28.4 36.1 18.1 Unlawful (no-force)entry by month Other than hOUSing units 170.1 22.3 133.6 14.2 under $7,500 a year had the highest a overall burglary rates during the 10- Place of residence I Urban 113.5 43.7 41.7 28.1 Table 6. Percent of bUrglaries reported to police, 1973-82 year period. Among other income n~ 0 Suburba.'1 OIJ.\} 28.S 37.7 lS.S groups, there was little difference in Rural 66.1 17.7 36.0 12.4 Percent of incidents ':~~ Forcible Unlawful Attempted the rate at which households were Characteristics entry entry torcible entry forcibly entered. For unlawful entry, Note: Detail may not sum to totals becausl3 of rounding. 6~ I aBased on only nonseries, nonescal!lting burglaries-see text. I \ however, households with incomes over }' J Total 72.1% 39.6cx. 34.1cx. $25,000 had a higher rate than any j 1 4 -i _ ~ Value of stolen property others except those with incomes under Households in byUdjrnrs with 10 Ill' rates of forcib13 entry (eitter at r~-~~'- t No monetary "Iilue . 52.0 27.3 • $7,500. - more units were forCibly-entered at a . ':.! Less than $10 48.4 13.8 39.5 tempted or completed). Urban house $10-49 51.0 17.3 31.5 rate closer to that for households in 2 holds had the highest rates; rural -11"! $5(}-249 68.0 43.4 51.7 T~ure and number of writs in struc 2-unit buildings than to that for house households, the lowest. There was i $250-999 86.6 68.7 75.7 ture. Households in owner-occupied holds in multi-unit buildings of inter much less difference among urban, O~i~~·+(~I~~~~I~~·~I~i--~ $1,000 or more 93.2 71.9 62.0 residences had lower rates for each mediate size. It is possible that the suburban, and rural households in the Jan April July Oct RelatiOlllhip to offenders type of burglary than households in larger number of neighbors and the rate at which they were unlawfully Spouse/ex-spouse 79.6 63.7 79.5 rented quarters. Households in single greater traffic in buildings with 10 or Attempted forcible entry by month Other relative 86.6 73.3 94.0 entered. Well known 72.9 55.7 72.0 family hQYS~ whether owned or rent.., more units, as well as tile hJgber secu Casualllcqualntance 70.6 .. 59.1 80.8 ed, had lower burglary rates than rity measures offered in many such Ninety-five percent of both forcible 10-~Aug.ust-~ Known by sight only 76.9 59.4 63.3 households in multi-unit dwellings. The buildings, have a deterrent effect on entries and unlawful entries and 99% of Stranger 80.0 63.9 67.1 8 - ...... I Otfender identity uncertain 78.6 55.4 61.6 households most' susceptible to burglary forcible entry. all attempted entries took place at the i ...... "'1 (especially to forcible entry) were in Ottender identity unknown· 71.6 36.9 30.2 respondent's residence. The rest oc Extent of !Jmglary buildings with three to nine dwelling Persons living in group quarters, 6~ 1 ll curred at a vacation home, hotel, or ! ! Violent 83.6 70.3 82.4 units. such as non transient hotel rooms and motel at which household members t Not violent 71.7 37.9 33.0 dormitories, had unlawful entry rates were staying at the time of the bur 4 -' P-.ce of a hoImehold member in home that were 2 1/2 to 3 times higher than glary. MiDc burglary the rates for households. On the other I At least one present 77.2 59.3 60.1 2-: No one present 71.6 36.5 28.8 2The National Crime Survey is designed to collect hand, their forcible entry rates were 4rhe comparison of burglary rates by place ot offender information only tor incidents during which lower than those for other households. residence is based on published ~CS data rather ! -Too few cases in the survey to obtain statistically reliable data. a household member was present. than on the complete NCS tile (including escalated o~I~~~~I~I~·-¥-·~I~~~~f~~ • Primarily bUrglaries in which no household member was 4 and series burglaries) used tor the rest ot the report 3The data are inadequate to examine each of the Place of residence. Urban, suburban, Jan April July Oct present. because ot missing place-ot-resldence data on the b &Irglaries that involved a crime of rape, robbery, or assaUlt. other races separately. and rural households differ greatly in complete file. Figure 1 2 3 ....

Repo~ to police. The probability Nothing could be done 39.396 36.096 40.096 40.2% that a burglary will be reported to the Did not think it was important enough 28.3 ~1.5 27.7 33.5 Police wouldn't want to be bothered 10.8 14.6 9.6 10.8 police is related to various aspects of Didn't want to take the time 2.7 3.7 2.6 2.3 the burglary: the kind of intrusion, who Private matter 8.8 11.2 11.1 3.0 committed it, whether a household Didn't want to get involved 1.1 1.7 1.0 0.8 member was present, whether a violent Fear of reprisal 1.3 1.8 1.4 0.6 Reported to someone else 7.7 7.3 7.4 8.6 crime was committed during the bur Other reasons 29.9 34.0 27.8 31.2 glary, whether anything was stolen, and, if stolen, the value of the Note: Because some respondents gave more than one answer, ... property. reasons may total more than 10096. Forcible entries were reported to the police almost twice as often as Table 8. Presence of household members and viOlent crimes ~ burglaries, 1973-82 unlawful entries, and just over twice as ,.- often as attempted forcible entries Percent of incidents (table 6). Attempted Burglar~ total Forcible entr~ Unlawful entr:z: forcible entr:z: Burglaries committed by relatives Burglary BJrglary Burglary Burglary (excluding spouses and ex-spouses) were with with with with All household household household household reported to the police more frequently bur- member member member member than burglaries committed by acquaint BJrglaries glaries present Total present Total present Total prese'lt ances, strangers, or unknown offend ers. The high reporting rate of bur Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% glaries by relatives may be a function With household \ of the way home intrusion by relatives member present 12.7 100.096 8.7 100.096 13.6 100.096 16.7 100.096 Involving violent is perceived by the victims. crime 3.8 30.2 3.0 34.4 5,2 38.6 2.2 13.0 The victimized household would almost always consider an intrusion by a stranger or an unknown offender to be Table 9. Violent crimes committed ~ household burglaries, 1973-82 a crime, but it is likely that many cases Percent of violent bU!l!:laries of home intrusion by a relative are not Number of Total considered a crime or are thought too violent violent Forcible Unlawful Attempted private to discuss with anyone, in burglaries burglaries Total entry entry forcible entry cluding a survey interviewer. If so, Total 2,761,000 100.0% 26.1% 61.3% 12.6% then the home intrusions reported to Rape 281,000 100.0 34.8 62.5 2.7- the survey would primarily be the ones Robbery 786,000 100.0 33.8 60.5 5.9 l'tS!. that the victims felt warranted police Aggravated assault 623,000 100.0 21.8 . 56.0 22.2 intervention. Simple assault 1,071,000 100.0 20.S 64.5 14.7 -Estimate, based on 10 or fewer sample cases, is statistically unreliable. Burglaries in which a household member was also the victim of a vio lent crime were reported to the police directly related to the value of pro possibility that a burglar may inflict to a greater extent than those in which perty stolen; few incidents were physical hArm on a household member a household member was present but reported when the value of the loss was who happens to be present during the not violently victimized; these latter, low, and reporting increased'as the incident. in turn, were reported more frequently value of the loss increased. When the than burglaries that took place when no value of the loss was $1,000 or more, Nes data indicate that these fears one was home. The increases in re more than 9096 of all forcible entries are well-founded. A household member porting by household members present were reported to the police. was present during only 996 of all for during the incident and household cible entries, 1496 of all unlawful members violently victimized dUl'ing Burglary victims who did not report entries and 1796 of all attempted for burglary incidents were greatest for the crime to the police most often said cible entries (table 8). However, in attempted forcible entry and least for "nothing could be done" to explain why these cases a violent crime was completed forcible entry. the incident was not reported (table committ~d during a third of the 7). "Did not think it was important forcible entries, during almost two The higher reporting rates for bur enough" was also a frequent reason for fifths of the Unlawful entries and during glaries in which a household member not reporting, although more so for one-seventh of the attempted entries., was present but not violently vic attempted forcible entries than for timized than for burglaries with no one completed forcible entries or unlawful During the 10-year period studied, present may be because the victims felt entries. the 2.8 million violent crimes that were there was a greater possibility that the committed in the course of attempted police could do something when the Violent crime occ~ or completed household bUl'glaries offender had been observed. ~ burglaries involved about 396 of the completed forcible entries, 596 of the Unlawful o For each burglary type, the per One of the greatest fears that entries and 296 of the attempted centage of incidents reported was people have concerning burglary is the forcible entries each year (table 9). 4

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Bureau of Justice Statistics reports Corrections Expenditure and employment (revised December 1984) To be added to any Bureau of Justice BJS bulletins and special reports: Justice expenditure and employment In the Call toll-free 800-732-3277 (local Sentencing practices In 13 States, NCJ-95399, U.S., 1971-79, NCJ-9259611/84 Statistics mailing list, 251-5500) to order BJS reports, to be added 10/84 Justice expenditure and employment In the l--Unlawful entry without force was fill in this form and mail it to: Prison admissions and releases 1981 , U.S., 1979 (final report), NCJ-87242, 12/83 1 to one of the BJS mailing lists, or to speak NCJ-95043, 9/84 i. thle only type of burglary ttlat showed National Criminal Justice to a reference specialist In statistics at the any discernible trend across the 10-year Justice Statistics Clearinghouse, National Capital punishment 1983, NCJ-93925, 7/84 P~ivacy and security l.·7: Reference Service Time served In prison, NCJ-93924, 6/84 ,,/ period, 1973-82 (figure 2). Its rate Criminal Justice Reference Service, Computer crime: User Services Dept. 2 Prisoners In 1983, NCJ-85861, 12/82 Electronic fund transfer and crime, . showed a moderate decrease from 47 Box 6000, RockVille, MD 20850. Single Box 6000 Prisoners In State and Federal Institutions on NCJ-92650, 2/84 /, incidents per 1,000 households in 1973 caples of reports are free; use NCJ number Computer security t.echnlques, Rockville, MD 20850 to order. Postage and handling are charged Dec. 31, 1982 (final), NCJ·93311, 12/84 ! to 39 per 1,000 in 1982. Both com- Dec. 31, 1981 (final), NCJ-86485, 7/83 NCJ-84049, 9/82 for bulk orders of sli1gle reports. For single Capitol punishment 1982 (final), NCJ-95133, Electronic fund transfer systems and crime, I pleted and attempted forcible entry Name: caples of multiple titles, up to 10 titles are rates remained substantially the same 11/84 NCJ-83736, 9/82 free; 11-40 titles $10; more than 40, $20; Capital punishment 1981 (final), NCJ·86484, Legislative resource manual, NCJ-78890, 9/81 throughout the period, although in 1982 libraries call for special rates. 5/83 Expert witness manual, NCJ-77927, 9/81 Title: forcible entry showed its lowest rate Public-usa tapes of BJS data sets and 1979 survey of Inmates of State correct/clnal fac/llt/es Criminal Justice reoource manual, NCJ-61550, for the lo-year period. other criminal justice data are available and 1979 census of State correctional facli/lles: 12/79 from the Criminal Justice Archive and Privacy and security of criminal history 75 Organization: BJS special reports: Information: The somewhat declining trend in Information Network, P.O. Box 1248, Ann Career patternll In crime, NCJ-88672, 6/83 Arbor, MI48106 (313-764-5199). A guide to research and statistical use, unlawful entry may be evidence 'that BJSbulletlns: NCJ·69790, 5/81 people are becoming more careful Street or box: National Crime Survey Prisoners and dru!js, NCJ-87575, 3/83 A guide to dissemination, NC3-4OQOO, 1/79 about locking their doors and windows Prisoners and alcohol, NCJ'86223, 1/83 Compendium of State legislation: to prevent these crimes. If people are Criminal victimization In the U.S.: Prisons and prisoners, NCJ.80697, 2/82 NCJ··48981, 7/78 City, State, Zip: 1982 (final report), NCJ-92820, 11/84 Veterans In prison, NCJ.79232, 11/81 1981 supplement, NCJ-79652, 3/82 .. taking more precautions in keeping 1973-82 trends, NCJ.90541, 9/83 their homes secured, one would expect 50 1981 (final report), NCJ.90208 Census of /al/s and survey of 1lIlIlnmales: Criminal Justice Information policy: to find the decline in the unlawful entry Telephone: ( 1980 (final report), NCJ-84015, 4/83 The 1983 Jail census (BJS bulletin), NCJ-95536, Victim/witness legislation: An overview, 1979 (final report), NCJ-76710, 12/81 11/84 NCJ-94263, 12/84 rate that NCS data show. However, ,.;i ,: Jail Inmates 1982 (BJS bulletin), NCJ-87161, 2/83 Information policy and crime c!)ntrol strategies BJS special reports: other factors may have contributed to :[ ForclbleentW Interest in criminal justice: Census of Jails, 1978: Data for Individual Jails, (SEARCH/BJS conference), NCJ-93926, the observed trend. The economic cost of crime to victims, NCJ- vols. HV, Northeast, North Central, South, West, 10/84 93450,4/84 NCJ-72279'72282,12/81 Research access to criminal Justice data, Family violence, NCJ-93449, 4/84 Profile of jail Inmates, 1978, NCJ'65412, 2/81 NCJ-84154,2/83 No evidence could be found in the ., BJS bulletins: Census of Jails and survey of jail Inmates, 1978, Privacy and Juvenile Justice records, data that the increasing prevalence of Please put me on the mailing list(s) for: Criminal vlctlmi:':iIltlon1983, NCJ-93869, 6/84 preliminary report, NCJ·55172, 5/79 NCJ-84152, 1/83 security devices (such as burglar alarms ': Attempted f~rclble ell~ of! Households touched by crime, 1983, NCJ. Parole and probation Survey 01 State laws (BJS bulletin), and sophisticated locks, etc.) has had 93658,5/84 NCJ·80836, 6/82 All.ws reports-30 to 40 reports Violent crime by strangers, NCJ.80829, 4/82 BJS bulletins: Privacy and the private employer, any effect on the amount of forcible :1;1 D Probation and parole 1983, NCJ-94776, .: ;' I a year, including bulletins and Crime and elderly, NCH9614, 1/82 NCJ.79651, 11/81 entry. The rates for both attempted Measuring crime, NCJ.75710, 2/81 9/84 and completed forcible entry remained 0---...... ------special reports Setting prison terms, NCJ-76~i8, 8/83 General 1973 1976 1979 1982 Victimization and fear of crime: World Characteristics of persons enl'arlng parole extremely stable between 1973 and BJS bulletins: D BJS adletins and Special Reports perspectives, NCJ-93872, 1/85 during 1978 and 1979, NCJ-i:l7243, 5/83 1982. Figure 2 The National Crime Survey: Working papers, Characteristics of the parole population, 1978,. Bank robbery: Federal offenses and timely reports of the most current vol. I: Current and historical perspectives, NCJ-66479,4/81 offenders, NCJ'94630,8/84 The lack of evidence that burglar criminal incident is counted only once justice data NCH5374,8/82 Parole In the U.S., 1979, NCJ'69562,3/81 Federal drug law violators, NCJ-92692 according to its most serious element, vol. II: Methologlcal studies, NCJ-90307, 12/84 2/84 alarms have affected the burglary rate Crime against the elderly In 26 cities, Courts The severity of crime, NCJ-92326, 1/84 be in order to simplify the estimation and D Coons reports-State court The American response to crime: An overvlow should not interpreted as proof that NCH6706, 1/82 BJS bullatln: caseload surveys, model annual The HispaniC victim, NCJ-69261, 11/81 of criminal Justice systems, NCJ-91936, 12/83 such devices are not effective. It analytic process. Case Illings In State courts 1983, NCJ-95111, State reports, State court Issues In the measurement of crime, Tracking offenders, NCJ·91572, 11/83 merely indicates that the survey data 10/84 This report, because it focuses on organization surveys NCH4682,10/81 Victim and witness assistance: New State shed no light on this subject. There are Criminal victimization of California residents, BJS special reports: laws and the system's response, NCJ'87934, other possible explanations for the burglaries, employs an alternative 1974-77, NCJ-70944, 6/81 Criminal defense systems: A national 5/83 unchanging forcible entry trend. For classification procedure: Any criminal o Correetioos reparta-results of Restitution to victims of personal and household survey, NCJ-94630, 8/84 F'Ilderal Justice stallstlcs, NCJ·80814, 3/82 incident that had a burglary component sample surveys and censuses of crimes, NCJ-i2770, 5/81 Habeas corpus, NCJ-92949, 3/84 BJS telephone contacts, NCJ-95505, 10/84 example, burglars may be avoiding Case fllln9s In State courts 1983, How to gain access to BJS data (brochure), homes with alarms and protective was counted as Q burglary. The esti jails, prisons, parole, probation, Criminal victimization of New York State and other corrections data residents, 1974-77, NCJ-66481 , 9/80 NCJ-95111,10/84 , '. BC-000022, 9/84 devices located in communities with mates in this report also include series The cost of negligence: Losses trom preventable State court case load statistics, 1977 aiitl Sourcebook of criminal Justice statistics, 1983, active crime prevention in favor of less incidents (with each counted as only household burglaries, NCJ-53527, 12/79 1981, NCJ'87587, 2/83 NCJ-91534,10/84 protected buildings and neighborhoods. one incident) normally excluded from o National Crime Survey reports Rape victimization In 26 American cltlee, The prosecution 01 felony arrests, 1979, NCJ- Information policy and crime control If so, then the precautions that some estimgtes in annual NCS publica- the Nation'S only regular national NCJ-55878, 8/79 86482,5/84 strategies, NCJ-93926, 10/84 tions. These make up about 4% of all survey of crime victims Criminal victimization In urban schools, State court organization 1980, NCJ'76711, 7/82 Proceedings of the 2nd workshop on law and people have taken would result in a NCJ-56396, 8/79 State court model statistical dictionary, Justice statistics, 1984, NCJ·93310, 6/84 shift of the location of the offenses forcible entries and 5% of all unlawful NCJ-62320, 9/80 Report to the nation on crime and Justice: which would not be reflected in the entries. For these reasons the esti D Sourcebook of CriminalJustiee A cross-clly comparison of felony case The data, NCJ-87068, 10/83 crime statistics-rather than a decrease mates in this report are higher thun StatUdles(annual)--broad-based processing, NCJ-55171, 7/79 data from 153 sources (433 tables, in the amount of crime-which would those in other NCS publications. Even U.S. Department of Justice Official Business Postage and Fees Paid appear in the data. excluding these violent burglaries and 103 figures, index) Penalty ror Private Usc $300 U.S. Department or Justice series incident burglaries, the estimates Bureau of Justice Statistics Jus 436 in this report differ only slightly from THIRD CLASS those in other NCS reports because of BULK RATE Methodology the use here of an incident Weight Bureau of Justice Statistics rather than a household weight. The Bulletins are prepared by BJS The classification procedures used incident weight was used because of the staff. Carol Kalish, chief of data to produce the annual NCS estimates of inclusion of crimes counted as personal analysis, edits them. Marilyn Washington, D, C. 20S3 I crime levels and rates published in the crimes under the usual classification Marbrook, publications unit chief, series, Criminal Victimization in the procedure. administers their production, United States, classify a crime ac assisted by Millie J. Baldea, Tina cording to its most serious attribute. SA discussion of the measurement of series Dorsey, and Joyce M. Stanford. Thus a. household burglary that also victimizations is found in the BJS technical report, This bulletin was written by involved rape is counted as a rape. The Criminal Victimization in the U.S.: 1979-80 Michael R. Rand. Changes, 1973-80 Trends (July 1982, NCJ-80838). Bulletin burglary component of the incident is not included in the estimate of bur 6Weighting of survey data is discussed in Appendix m of Criminal Victimization in the U.S., 1982, January 1985, NCJ-96021 glaries. This is done so that every (December 1984, NCJ-92820). 5 •

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