APPENDIX 8-A
LANDSCAPING MATERIALS LIST
Following is a list of the plants that can be counted toward meeting the landscaping requirements of this ordinance. Property owners may plant other varieties if desired, but they will not count towards the requirements.
Tree and shrub names marked with an asterisk are ones to try to avoid using due to overuse in the City.
CANOPY TREES RECOMMENDED USE
NAME COMMON NAME CULTIVAR Streets Perimeter Heritage Parking Screening COMMENTS and buffer Tree areas yards Mitigation
DECIDUOUS CANOPY TREES (30 feet or taller at maturity)
Acer barbatum Southern sugar Best sugar maple for the maple South
Acer rubrum* Red maple* Many excellent Not for parking lot islands cultivars
Acer saccharum Sugar maple ‘Green Mountain’
Several excellent Acer x freemanii Freeman maple cultivars
Several excellent Betula nigra River birch Prefers moist locations cultivars
‘Fastigiata,’ and Fastigate European Carpinus betulus sometimes Formal, columnar habit hornbeam ‘Pyramidalis’
For natural areas with Fagus grandifolia American beech good soil
Discouraged due to Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green ash Several good cultivars Emerald Ash Borer (EAB)
Use named cultivars Extremely tough once Ginkgo biloba Ginkgo only – no seedling established grown trees
Koelreuteria bipinnata Chinese flametree
Koelreuteria paniculata Golden raintree
No sweetgum balls; Liquidamber styraciflua Fruitless sweetgum ‘Rotundiloba’ marginally successful
Yellow poplar, tulip For natural areas with Liriodendron tulipifera poplar good soil
Nyssa sylvatica Blackgum Cultivar ‘Bloodgood’ Avoid the cultivar Platanus acerifolia London plane tree severely susceptible to ‘Bloodgood’ ozone damage
Platanus occidentalis American Sycamore Prefers moist locations
Fast growing and very Quercus acutissima Sawtooth oak tough
For natural areas with Quercus alba White oak good soil
Quercus bicolor Swamp white oak
Quercus imbricaria Shingle oak
Quercus laurifolia Laurel oak
Quercus lyrata Overcup oak
67
RECOMMENDED USE
NAME COMMON NAME CULTIVAR Streets Perimeter Heritage Parking Screening COMMENTS and buffer Tree areas yards Mitigation
Quercus macrocarpa Bur oak
Quercus michauxii Swamp chestnut oak Tolerates moist locations
Quercus nigra Water oak
Not for use in high pH Quercus palustris Pin oak soils
Quercus phellos* Willow oak*
Quercus robur English oak ‘Fastigiata’ Formal, columnar habit
Quercus stellata Post oak
Japanese Pagoda Sophora japonica Several good cultivars tree
Tilia tomentosa Silver linden
Ulmus Americana American Elm ‘Jefferson,’ ‘Princeton’
Many excellent Ulmus parvifolia* Lacebark elm* cultivars
‘Autumn Gold,’ ‘Frontier,’ Elm hybrids or cultivars Ulmus sp. Elm ‘Homestead,’ ‘Patriot,’ that are resistant to Dutch ‘Pioneer,’ ‘Regal,’ Elm Disease ‘Sapporo,’ ‘Urban’
Zelkova serrata Zelkova Several good cultivars
EVERGREEN, SEMI-EVERGREEN AND CONIFEROUS CANOPY TREES (30 feet or taller at maturity) Cedrus deodora* Deodar cedar* Japanese ‘Yoshino’ and other Cryptomeria japonica* cryptomeria* cultivars
Cupressocyparis Leyland cypress* Not for wet areas. leylandii* Ilex opaca* American holly* Juniperus virginiana* Eastern red cedar* Tough evergreen tree Many excellent Magnolia grandiflora* Southern magnolia* Spreading habit cultivars
Metasequoia Requires lots of space; Dawn redwood* glyptostroboides* tolerates wet areas
Chinese evergreen Quercus myrsinifolia Spreading habit oak
Quercus virginiana* Live oak* Spreading habit Taxodium ascendens* Pond cypress* Prefers wet, acidic soils Prefers wet, sandy acidic Taxodium distichum* Bald cypress* soils
UNDERSTORY TREES RECOMMENED USE
NAME COMMON NAME CULTIVAR Streets Perimeters Parking Screening COMMENTS and buffer Areas yards
DECIDUOUS UNDERSTORY TREES (THIRTY FEET TALL OR LESS AT MATURITY)
Acer buergeranium Trident maple
68
RECOMMENED USE
NAME COMMON NAME CULTIVAR Streets Perimeters Parking Screening COMMENTS and buffer Areas yards Acer campestre Hedge maple Acer palmatum Japanese maple Hundreds of cultivars American hornbeam, Carpinus caroliniana Ironwood
Cercis Canadensis Eastern redbud Several good cultivars
‘Oklahoma’ is the only Cercis reniformis Oklahoma redbud ‘Oklahoma’ redbud suitable for parking areas Chionanthus retusis Chinese fringetree Prune to tree form Cornus florida Flowering dogwood Hundreds of cultivars Cornus kousa Kousa dogwood Many cultivars Cotinus coggygria Common smoketree Large thorns; consider Crataegus viridis Winter King hawthorn ‘Winter King’ location carefully
Minimum size for multi- Lagerstromia sp.* Crape myrtle* Many good cultivars stem: 7 foot height
Saucer magnolia, Late-blooming cultivars Minimum size for multi- Magnolia x soulangiana Tuliptree preferred stem: 7 foot height
Malus baccata Jackii crabapple ‘Jackii’
Malus floribunda Floribunda crabapple
Malus sargentii Sargent crabapple
Malus sieboldi Sprenger crabapple ‘Professor Sprenger’
‘Adirondack,’ ‘Baskatong,’ ‘Calloway,’ ‘Centurion,’ ‘Indian Only cultivars listed are Malus sp. Apple Summer,’ ‘Louisa,’ highly disease-resistant ‘Molten Lava,’ ‘Prairifire,’ ‘Sentinel,’ ‘Sugar Tyme,’ ‘White Cascade’
American Ostrya virginiana hophornbeam, Ironwood
Oxydendron arboretum Sourwood Not for wet areas Parrotia persica Persian parrotia Not for wet areas
Pistacia chinensis Chinese pistache
Prunus x autumnalis Autumnalis cherry
Prunus x bliereiana Bliereiana plum
Flowering plum, Prunus cerasifera Many good cultivars Purpleleaf plum Most cherries and plums Prunus caroliniana Carolina cherrylaurel Several good cultivars are short-lived Prunus x okame Okame cherry
Japanese flowering Prunus serrulata Several cultivars cherry
Prunus x yedoensis Yoshino cherry ‘Yoshino’
EVERGREEN, SEMI-EVERGREEN AND CONIFEROUS UNDERSTORY TREES (THIRTY FEET TALL OR LESS AT MATURITY)
Prefers shade/partial Camellia japonica* Camellia* shade; attractive flowers; many good cultivars
Ilex aquilifolium English holly*
69
RECOMMENED USE
NAME COMMON NAME CULTIVAR Streets Perimeters Parking Screening COMMENTS and buffer Areas yards
Ilex x attenuate Foster holly* ‘Fosteri’ Tough, once established
Ilex latifolia Lusterleaf holly* Coarse textured foliage
Ilex x emily brunner Emily Brunner holly* ‘Emily Brunner’
Ilex x nellie r. stevens Nellie R. Stevens holly* ‘Nellie R. Stevens’ Medium textured foliage
Ilex vomitoria Yaupon holly Several good cultivars Fine textured foliage
Only ‘Little Gem’ is under Magnolia grandiflora* Little Gem magnolia* ‘Little Gem’ 30 feet at maturity
May also be used in some Magnolia Virginiana Sweetbay magnolia larger building offset areas.
Myrica cerifera* Waxmyrtle*
Pinus nigra* Austrian Pine*
Pinus sylvestris* Scotch pine* Pinus thunbergii* Japanese black pine*
'Degroot's Spire,’ 'Ellwangeriana,’ ‘Hetz Wintergreen,’ ‘Lutea,’ Thuja occidentalis* American Arborvitae* ‘Rheingold,’ ‘Smaragd’ (a.k.a. ‘Emerald Green’), ‘Techny,’ and ‘Wareana’
SHRUBS AND GROUNDCOVERS RECOMMENDED USES
NAME COMMON NAME CULTIVAR Ground Hedge Shrub Naturalistic Erosion COMMENTS cover /screen border design control
DECIDUOUS SHRUBS – SMALL (UP TO FOUR FEET IN HEIGHT)
Cotoneaster Cranberry Spreading foliage that turns ‘Tom Thumb’ apiculatus Cotoneaster brilliant red in fall
Cotoneaster Rock Attractive foliage; spreading horizontalis Cotoneaster habit; draught tolerant
Deutzia gracilis Slender Deutzia
Sun/part shade; attractive Fothergilla gardenii Dwarf Fothergilla foliage/flowers; prefers moist, but well drained, acidic soil
‘All Summer Beauty,’ Compact, rounded shrub; Hydrangea Big Leaf ‘Masja,’ ‘Dooley,’ prefers moist, well-drained soil; macrophylla Hydrangea ‘Harmony’ partial sun/shade
Compact, rounded shrub; Mountain Hydrangea serrata “Blue Billow,’ ‘Tuff Stuff’ prefers moist, well-drained soil; Hydrangea partial shade/shade
Adapts to wide range of Jasminum nudiflorum Winter Jasmine conditions
DECIDUOUS SHRUBS – MEDIUM (BETWEEN FOUR AND SIX FEET IN HEIGHT)
Buddleia davidii Butterfly-bush Well-drained soils
French Mulberry Callicarpa Americana or American Coarse open shrub; massing Beautyberry
Purple Callicarpa dichotoma Attractive foliage, form Beautyberry
Japanese Callicarpa japonica Beautyberry
70
RECOMMENDED USES
NAME COMMON NAME CULTIVAR Ground Hedge Shrub Naturalistic Erosion COMMENTS cover /screen border design control
Chaenomeles Japanese Thorny; good barrier plant japonica Flowering quince
Summersweet ‘Ruby Spice,’ Clethra alnifolia Requires shade Clethra ‘Hummingbird’
Hydrangea Smooth Tends to spread rapidly; ‘Annabelle,’ ‘Grandiflora’ arborescens Hydrangea tolerates variety of conditions
‘Carmen,’ ‘Nikko Blue,’ Hydrangea Big Leaf Tends to spread; attractive ‘Blue Prince,’ ‘Snowflake,’ macrophylla Hydrangea flowers ‘Snow Queen’
Virginia ‘Henry’s Garnet,’ ‘Little Prefers moist soils; nice fall Itea virginica Sweetspire Henry,’ ‘Merlot’ color
Tolerates wide range of Kerria japonica Kerria conditions
Spiraea cantoniensis Reeves Spirea ‘Lanceata” Heat tolerant
Bridalwreath Spiraea prunifolia ‘Plena’ Tolerates wide range of soils Spirea
Requires pruning; tolerates Spiraea thunbergii Thunberg Spirea wide range of soils; nice fall foliage
Old Fashioned Tolerates pollution; requires Weigela florida Wiegela pruning
DECIDUOUS SHRUBS – LARGE (SIX FEET AND ABOVE IN HEIGHT)
Adaptable to many soils; Calycanthus floridus Sweetshrub disease and insect resistant; very fragrant; native
Residential scale; fragrant Chimonanthus Wintersweet blooms; winter bloomer; praecox prefers moist, well-drained soil
Deutzia scabra Fuzzy Deutzia Coarse texture
‘Happy Centennial,’ ‘Gold Requires pruning; tolerates Forsythia x intermedia Forsythia Tide’ wide variety of soils
Virginia Witch- Somewhat tolerant of urban Hamamelis virginiana hazel conditions
Oakleaf Hydrangea quercifolia Prefers shade; nice fall color Hydrangea
Thrives in boggy soils; Showy Ilex verticillata Winterberry berry display in winter
Philadelphia x Mock Orange ‘Minnesota Snowflake’ Attractive flowers virginalis
Spiraea x vanhouttei Vanhoutte Spirea Tough plant; attractive flowers
EVERGREEN SHRUBS – SMALL (UP TO FOUR FEET IN HEIGHT) Glenn Dale Azalea hybrida Attractive flowers Azalea
Azalea Kurume ‘Coral Bells,’ ‘Hinodegiri,’ (Rhododendron Kurume Azalea Attractive flowers, form ‘Pink Pearl,’ ‘Snow’ obtusum)
Dwarf Japanese Ilex crenata ‘Helleri,’ ‘Hetzii’ Holly
Fine textured foliage; can be Ilex glabra Dwarf Inkberry ‘Compacta’ sheared to form hedge; prefers moist locations
Dwarf Yaupon Ilex vomitoria ‘Nana’ Withstands sun, drought Holly
Loropetalum Dwarf ‘Daruma’’ ‘Purple Low mounding, compact
71
RECOMMENDED USES
NAME COMMON NAME CULTIVAR Ground Hedge Shrub Naturalistic Erosion COMMENTS cover /screen border design control chinensis Loropetalum Daydream,’ ‘Purple Pixie,’ grower; attractive foliage ‘Snow Muffin,’ ‘Carolina Moonlight,’ ‘Emerald Snow’
Harbor Dwarf Low growing; graceful form; Nandina domestica ‘Harbor Dwarf’ Nandina attractive foliage ‘Harbor Dwarf,’ ‘Nana’’ ‘Lemon Lime,’ Nandina domestica Dwarf Nandina ‘Woods Dwarf,’ ‘Fire Low growing; attractive foliage Power,’ ‘Gulfstream,’ ‘Seika,’ ‘Monfar’
EVERGREEN SHRUBS – MEDIUM (BETWEEN FOUR AND SIX FEET IN HEIGHT)
Abelia x grandiflora* Glossy Abelia* Attractive flowers, foliage
Japanese Requires shade; tolerates Aucuba japonica Aucuba pollution
Azalea kaempferi ‘Johanna,’ ‘Daimio,’ Attractive flowers; other (Rhododendron Kaempferi Azalea ‘Semperflorens,’ ‘Eastern cultivars Kaempferi) Fire,’ ‘Othello’
Wintergreen Berberis julianae ‘Spring Glory’ Attractive foliage; evergreen Barberry
Can be pruned; several Buxus sempervirens Boxwood cultivars
Dwarf Burford Drought tolerant; tolerates Ilex cornuta* ‘Burfordii Nana’ Holly* wide range of conditions
Juniperus chinensis x ‘Sulfer Spray,’ ‘Old Gold,’ Prefers well-drained soils; Pfitzer Juniper phitzeriana ‘Sea Green” other cultivars
‘Darkfire,’ ‘Ever Red,’ Very attractive foliage; once Loropetlum Chinese v Loropetlum ‘Purple Diamond,’ ‘Red established very tolerant of rubrum Diamond,’ ‘Ruby, drought conditions
Tolerates heavy pruning, Osmanthus Holly Tea ‘Rotundifolius,’ urban conditions, drought and heterophyllus Olive/False Holly ‘Variegatus’ clay soil
Pieris floribunda Mountain Pieris Needs shade; slow growing
‘Otto Luyken’, ‘Zabel Withstands heavy pruning; Prunus laurocerasus Cherry Laurel Laurel’, ‘Schipka Laurel’ prefers moist well drained soils
EVERGREEN SHRUBS – LARGE (SIX FEET AND ABOVE IN HEIGHT) ‘George L. Tabor,’ ‘Formosa,’ Mrs. G. G. Partial shade; attractive Azalea indica Indian Azalea Gerbing,’ ‘Judge flowers Solomon,’ ‘Pride of Mobile’
‘Alphonse Karr,’ ‘Golden Bambusa multiplex Hedge Bamboo Tends to spread Goddess’
Wintergreen Berberis julianae ‘Nana,’ ‘Spring Glory’ Attractive foliage Barberry Prefers shade/partial shade; Camellia japonica* Camellia* attractive flowers; many good cultivars
Smaller than C. japonica; Sasanqua Camellia sasanqua sun/partial shade; prefers Camellia moist, well drained, acidic soils
Accent plant; tolerates Cleyera japonica Cleyera pruning; shade/partial shade; intolerant of wet sites
Japanese Withstands heavy pruning; Euonymus japonicus Euonymus disease prone
Fatsia japonica Japanese Fatsia Specimen; prefers full shade
72
RECOMMENDED USES
NAME COMMON NAME CULTIVAR Ground Hedge Shrub Naturalistic Erosion COMMENTS cover /screen border design control
Ilex aquifolium* English Holly* Dense foliage; attractive fruit
Adapts to wide range of Ilex cornuta Chinese Holly conditions; drought tolerant
Adapts to wide range of Ilex cornuta* Burford Holly* ‘Burfordii’ conditions; drought tolerant
Convex Hardy; tolerates urban Ilex crenata ‘Convexa’ Japanese Holly conditions/pruning
Hetzi Japanese Ilex crenata ‘Hetzii’ Attractive form Holly
Roundleaf Upright, rounded form; Ilex crenata ‘Rotundifolia’ Japanese Holly tolerates pruning
Emily Brunner Attractive foliage; pyramidal Ilex x * ‘Emily Brunner’ Holly* form
Ilex glabra Inkberry Withstands heavy pruning
Ilex latifolia Lusterleaf Holly Requires light shade
Ilex pernyi Perny Holly
Adaptable to variety of Ilex vomitoria* Yaupon Holly* conditions
Tolerates wide range of soils; Juniperus chinensis Hetzi Juniper ‘Hetzii’ rapid growth
Highly aromatic foliage; once Laurus nobilis Sweet Bay Laurel established drought tolerant
Florida Leucothoe populifolia Needs shade Leucothoe
Adaptable to wide variety of Ligustrum japonicum Japanese Privet conditions; can also be grown in tree form
Ligustrum x vicaryi Golden Privet Golden foliage
‘Blush,’ ‘Burgundy,, ‘Little Rose Dawn,’ ‘Pizazz,’ Tolerates pruning; tolerates Loropetalum chinense Loropetalum ‘Plum Delight,’ ‘Zhuzhou heavy shade Fuchsia’
Leatherleaf Mahonia bealei Prefers shade; coarse foliage Mahonia
Attractive form, foliage; can Michelia figo Banana Shrub also be grown in tree form; prefers partial shade
Myrica cerifera Wax Myrtle Attractive foliage; native plant
Needs pruning; adaptable; Nandina domestica Nandina minimal care needed
Fortune’s Tolerates heavy pruning, Osmanthus x fortunei Osmanthus drought and clay soil
Fragrant Tea Tolerates heavy pruning, Osmanthus fragrans Olive drought and clay soil
Tolerates heavy pruning, Osmanthus Holly Tea ‘Goshiki,’ ‘Gulftide,’ urban conditions, drought and heterophyllus Olive/False Holly ‘Sasaba’ clay soil
Attractive foliage; drought Photinia x fraseri Fraser Photinia ‘Red Robin tolerant
Prefers shade; well-drained, Pieris japonica Japanese Pieris ‘Mountain Fire,’ ‘Purity organically rich soil
Pittosporum/Japa Tolerates wide range of Pittosporum tobira nese Mockorange conditions
73
RECOMMENDED USES
NAME COMMON NAME CULTIVAR Ground Hedge Shrub Naturalistic Erosion COMMENTS cover /screen border design control
Podocarpus Podocarpus/Japa Intolerant of wet sites macrophyllus maki nese Yew
Carolina Cherry Prunus caroliniana Tolerant of heat and drought Laurel
Pyracantha coccinea Scarlett Firethorn Requires pruning
Chindo Sweet Excellent glossy-leafed, large, Viburnum Awabuki ‘Chindo’ Viburnum evergreen shrub
Viburnum Leatherleaf Attractive foliage; tolerates rhytidophyllum Viburnum heavy shade
Laurestinus Attractive foliage; tolerates Viburnum tinus Viburnum heavy shade
GROUNDCOVERS Prefers part shade; intolerant Ajuga reptans Ajuga of foot traffic
Prefers part shade; large Aspidistra elatoir Cast-Iron Plant foliage; tolerates wide range of soils and dry conditions
Bearberry Cotoneaster dammeri Attractive foliage; rapid growth Cotoneaster
Cotoneaster Willowleaf Attractive foliage; rapid growth salicifolius Cotoneaster
Cyrtomium falcatum Holly Fern Shade
Shade; intolerant of Helleborus orientalis Lenten Rose sun/drought
Sun; low maintenance; many Hemerocallis spp. Daylily good cultivars are available
Sun; rapid growth; wide range Hypericum calycinum Aaronsbeard of soils
Sun; wide range of soils; Junperus conferta Shore Juniper drought tolerant
Feathery foliage on widespread, stiff branches; Juniper procumbens Juniper prefers sun; wide range of soils; slow growth
Low spreading grower; “Bar Harbor,’ ‘Plumosa,’ attractive foliage; prefers sun; Juniper horizontalis Creeping Juniper ‘Blue Rug’ tolerates urban conditions and drought
Sun/shade; wide range of Liriope muscari Liriope soils; several clumping cultivars are available
Ophiopogon Mondo Grass Sun/shade; wide range of soils japonicus
Santolina Sun; drought tolerant; Lavender Cotton chamaecyparissus attractive foliage
Sedum acre Stonecrop Sun/part shade; rapid growth
Trachelospermum Sun/part shade; needs pruning Asiatic Jasmine asiaticum to keep in bounds
Shade; rapid growth; wide Vinca major Bigleaf Periwinkle range of soils; requires pruning to keep plant in bounds
Shade; rapid growth; wide Littleleaf range of soils; several Vinca minor Periwinkle cultivars; requires pruning to keep plant in bounds
74