DOCSLIB.ORG

The Red List of Oaks

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Red List of Oaks The Red List of Oaks Sara Oldfield and Antonia Eastwood FAUNA & FLORA INTERNATIONAL (FFI) , founded in 1903 and the world’s oldest international conservation organization, acts to conserve threatened species and ecosystems worldwide, choosing solutions that are sustainable, are based on sound science and take account of human needs. Published by Fauna & Flora International, Cambridge, UK. © 2007 Fauna & Flora International ISBN: 9781 903703 25 0 BOTANIC GARDENS CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL (BGCI) Reproduction of any part of the publication for educational, conservation and other non-profit is a membership organization linking botanic gardens in over 100 purposes is authorized without prior permission from countries in a shared commitment to biodiversity conservation, the copyright holder, provided that the source is fully sustainable use and environmental education. BGCI aims to mobilize acknowledged. botanic gardens and work with partners to secure plant diversity for the Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes well-being of people and the planet. BGCI provides the Secretariat for is prohibited without prior written permission from the the IUCN/SSC Global Tree Specialist Group. copyright holder. The designation of geographical entities in this document and the presentation of the material do not imply any expression on the part of the authors or Fauna & Flora International concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area, or its authorities, or concerning the delineation of its frontiers or boundaries. AUTHORS THE GLOBAL TREES CAMPAIGN is a joint initiative between FFI and Sara Oldfield is Secretary General of Botanic Gardens BGCI in partnership with a wide range of other organizations around Conservation International (BGCI) and Chair of the the world. The aim of the Campaign is to save the world’s most IUCN/SSC Global Tree Specialist Group. threatened trees and the habitats in which they grow through the Antonia Eastwood was formerly Tree Red List Officer provision of information, delivery of conservation action and support for at Fauna & Flora International and is now Plant sustainable use. Ecologist at the Macaulay Institute, Aberdeen, Scotland. The opinion of the individual authors does not necessarily reflect the opinion of either the editors or Fauna & Flora International. The authors and Fauna & Flora International take no THE IUCN/SSC GLOBAL TREE SPECIALIST GROUP forms part responsibility for any misrepresentation of material from translation of this document into any other language. of the Species Survival Commission’s volunteer network of over 7000 volunteers working to stop the loss of plants, animals and their habitats. COVER PHOTOS SSC is the largest of the six Commissions of IUCN-The World Front cover: Quercus rysophylla by Juan Pablo Moreiras/FFI. Back cover: Girl with acorn of Quercus Conservation Union. It serves as the main source of advice to the Union insignis by Allen Coombes. and its members on the technical aspects of species conservation. The aims of the IUCN/SSC Global Tree Specialist Group are to promote and COVER DESIGN John Morgan, Seascape. implement global red listing for trees and act in an advisory capacity to the Global Trees Campaign. Printed on 80% recycled, 20% FSC certified paper. The Red List of Oaks Sara Oldfield and Antonia Eastwood The Red List of Oaks CONTENTS Acknowledgements 3 Acronyms 3 Foreword 4 Introduction 5 References 8 LIST OF GLOBALLY THREATENED OAKS 9 List of Oaks evaluated as Least Concern 21 References 27 ANNEX 1 IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria 29 2 The Red List of Oaks ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS any experts around the world the Mexican workshop were Susanna Participants at the Guatemala workshop have contributed information and Valencia-Avalos, and Fernando Zavala- held in September 2005 were, from Mundertaken assessments for this Chavez. Participants at the China CONAP: Omar Molina, Hiram Ordóñez, global evaluation. Their input is gratefully workshop were Zhekun Zhou and D. Min. Julio Madrid, Edy Girón, Julio Tzirin, Otoniel acknowledged. Simon Mickleburgh, FFI, Participants at the Caucasus workshop Chacón, Mygdalia García, Lis Lima, Héctor prepared the lists of endemic species by were Dr Otar Abdaladze, Institute of Gutiérrez and Julio Cruz Corzo; from country and species with widespread Botany, Georgia; Dr Maia Akhalkatsi, CECON: Miguel Flores, Ana María Ortiz, distributions considered to be Least Institute of Botany, Georgia; Ketevan Rebeca Orellana, Marie Storek and Julio Concern, undertook the preliminary Batsatsashvila, Institute of Botany, Morales; from other institutions: Conrado assessments of the US species using the Georgia; Dr Marina Eristavi, Institute of Valdés Markwordt (USAC), Martín Sánchez IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria Botany, Georgia; Dr George Fayvush, (Central University of the South West / and undertook much of the initial Institute of Botany, Armenia; Giorgi Gigauri, USAC), Brenda Chávez (Museum Jorge correspondence with experts. Tiffany WWF Caucasus, Georgia; Dr Adil Güner; Ibarra of Natural History), Herbert Ortega Aylett made most of the arrangements for Dr Mirian Gvritishvili, Tbilisi Botanic (National School of Agricultural Training, the Regional Tree Red Listing Workshop Garden, Georgia; Professor Vahid Hajiyev, ENCA), Mario Díaz (INAB). in the Caucusus, working with the local Institute of Botany, Azerbaijan; Professor NGO NACRES. Dr Georgina Magin, Svetlana Litvinskaia, Suban State Other people who have contributed Global Trees Campaign Coordinator, has University, Russia; Dr Zurab Manvelidze, valuable advice and/or information are managed various aspects of the project Batumi Botanical Garden, Georgia; Dr Dr Jeffrey Bacon, Mexico; Bruce including final editing and production of George Nakhutsrishvilli, Director of the Bartholemew, California Academy of the report. Fiona Wild helped to edit the Tbilisi Institute of Botany, Georgia; Dr Sciences; Rosalina Berazaín, Cuba; Y. document. Galina Pronkina; IUCN, Russia; Professor Cheng, Taiwan; Dr Lillian Chua, Forest Dr Peter A. Schmidt, University of Research Institute Malaysia; Dr Giuseppe Allen Coombes of Sir Harold Hillier Dresden, Germany; Dr Shamil Shetekauri, Garfì, Sicily; M. González-Espinosa, Gardens and Arboretum provided expert Institute of Botany, Georgia; Dr Shalva Mexico; Dr Felix Llamas, University of input throughout the project. He organized Sikharulida, Bakuriani Alpine Botanical Leon, Spain; Martín E. Mitre, Panama; the workshop in China and, jointly with Garden, Georgia; Dr Tatyana Shulkina, Neptali Ramírez-Marcia, Mexico; Dr Nghia, Maricela Rodriguez-Acosta, organized the Missouri Botanical Garden and Dr Kamilla Vietnam; G. Rusea, Malaysia; and workshop in Mexico. Other participants at Tamanyan, Institute of Botany, Armenia. Dr Salma Talhouk, Lebanon. LIST OF ACRONYMS BGCI Botanic Gardens Conservation International NGO Non-government Organization CBD Convention on Biological Diversity SSC Species Survival Commission CECON Nature Conservation Centre, Guatemala UNEP-WCMC United Nations Environment Programme- C&I Criteria and Indicators World Conservation Monitoring Centre CONAP National Council for Protected Areas, Guatemala UNAM Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México FFI Fauna & Flora International USAC University of San Carlos, Guatemala GSPC Global Strategy for Plant Conservation GTSG Global Tree Specialist Group IPA Important Plant Area INAB National Forestry Institute, Guatemala IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources 3 The Red List of Oaks FOREWORD rees are important to the well-being and trade in plants. Projects of the Global of people in every country of Trees Campaign carried out in Tthe world, providing essential partnership with organizations and ecological, economic and cultural individuals around the world help to services. Oak trees are valued for their deliver these various targets. The projects uses as a source of timber, cork, dyes contribute to halting the loss of forest and animal fodder. They are of symbolic biodiversity and the provision of support value in many cultures and widely planted to rural livelihoods. ornamentally. Ecologically, oaks are keystone species in a wide range of The Global Tree Specialist Group is habitats from Mediterranean semi-desert committed to undertaking a global to subtropical rainforest. Oaks are under assessment of the conservation status of threat in the wild from general forest tree species. Results of the global loss and over-exploitation of particular assessment will be published as species. This report presents a review of components of the work are completed. the conservation status in the wild of oaks This will ensure that regular indicators of worldwide, undertaken by the IUCN/SSC progress are produced, updated tree Global Tree Specialist Group. conservation data are made widely available and that tree conservation Since its establishment in 2003, the initiatives around the world can be primary role of the IUCN/SSC Global Tree supported. This fourth publication Specialist Group has been to assess the highlights the urgent need to take action global conservation status of tree species for globally threatened oak species. in selected geographical areas and Unfortunately, it also highlights major taxonomic groups. The Red List of Oaks information gaps in the conservation is the fourth publication in the series. status of species in the wild. The report makes a strong plea for further research The collection of information on tree and action to
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Department of Planning and Zoning
    Department of Planning and Zoning Subject: Howard County Landscape Manual Updates: Recommended Street Tree List (Appendix B) and Recommended Plant List (Appendix C) - Effective July 1, 2010 To: DLD Review Staff Homebuilders Committee From: Kent Sheubrooks, Acting Chief Division of Land Development Date: July 1, 2010 Purpose: The purpose of this policy memorandum is to update the Recommended Plant Lists presently contained in the Landscape Manual. The plant lists were created for the first edition of the Manual in 1993 before information was available about invasive qualities of certain recommended plants contained in those lists (Norway Maple, Bradford Pear, etc.). Additionally, diseases and pests have made some other plants undesirable (Ash, Austrian Pine, etc.). The Howard County General Plan 2000 and subsequent environmental and community planning publications such as the Route 1 and Route 40 Manuals and the Green Neighborhood Design Guidelines have promoted the desirability of using native plants in landscape plantings. Therefore, this policy seeks to update the Recommended Plant Lists by identifying invasive plant species and disease or pest ridden plants for their removal and prohibition from further planting in Howard County and to add other available native plants which have desirable characteristics for street tree or general landscape use for inclusion on the Recommended Plant Lists. Please note that a comprehensive review of the street tree and landscape tree lists were conducted for the purpose of this update, however, only
    [Show full text]
  • Sawtooth Oak Planting Guide
    Planting Guide and into southern New England (USDA plant hardiness zones 5b through 8b). On exposed sites in SAWTOOH OAK the northern Finger Lakes Region of New York, it may winterkill. Sawtooth oak is winter hardy and Quercus acutissima can be grown in droughty and well-drained soils from Carruthers sandy loam to clay loam. However, the best performance is achieved in deep, well-drained soils. plant symbol = QUAC80 It can also be grown on reclaimed surface mined land where favorable moisture conditions are present and pH is above 5.0. For a current distribution map, please consult the Plant Profile page for this species on the PLANTS Website. Establishment Sawtooth oak may be established, from bareroot seedlings, containerized plants, or acorns. One year old bareroot seedlings or containerized plants should be planted 15-20 feet apart for maximum acorn production. In areas where multiple rows are used, the spacing should be no less than 20 feet apart. In seed orchards, there should be at least 15 plants per C. Miller USDA NRCS planting for effective wind pollination. Uses Bareroot seedlings must be planted while the plants The primary use for this species is as a wildlife food are dormant (from the average date of first frost in source and cover. It is also a good shade tree. the fall until the average date of last frost in the spring). Containerized plants may be planted later in the spring, but may require frequent irrigation to Status survive. Please consult the PLANTS Web site and your State Department of Natural Resources for this plant’s Sites for landscape plantings and seed orchards current status (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Annotated Check List and Host Index Arizona Wood
    Annotated Check List and Host Index for Arizona Wood-Rotting Fungi Item Type text; Book Authors Gilbertson, R. L.; Martin, K. J.; Lindsey, J. P. Publisher College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ) Rights Copyright © Arizona Board of Regents. The University of Arizona. Download date 28/09/2021 02:18:59 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/602154 Annotated Check List and Host Index for Arizona Wood - Rotting Fungi Technical Bulletin 209 Agricultural Experiment Station The University of Arizona Tucson AÏfJ\fOTA TED CHECK LI5T aid HOST INDEX ford ARIZONA WOOD- ROTTlNg FUNGI /. L. GILßERTSON K.T IyIARTiN Z J. P, LINDSEY3 PRDFE550I of PLANT PATHOLOgY 2GRADUATE ASSISTANT in I?ESEARCI-4 36FZADAATE A5 S /STANT'" TEACHING Z z l'9 FR5 1974- INTRODUCTION flora similar to that of the Gulf Coast and the southeastern United States is found. Here the major tree species include hardwoods such as Arizona is characterized by a wide variety of Arizona sycamore, Arizona black walnut, oaks, ecological zones from Sonoran Desert to alpine velvet ash, Fremont cottonwood, willows, and tundra. This environmental diversity has resulted mesquite. Some conifers, including Chihuahua pine, in a rich flora of woody plants in the state. De- Apache pine, pinyons, junipers, and Arizona cypress tailed accounts of the vegetation of Arizona have also occur in association with these hardwoods. appeared in a number of publications, including Arizona fungi typical of the southeastern flora those of Benson and Darrow (1954), Nichol (1952), include Fomitopsis ulmaria, Donkia pulcherrima, Kearney and Peebles (1969), Shreve and Wiggins Tyromyces palustris, Lopharia crassa, Inonotus (1964), Lowe (1972), and Hastings et al.
    [Show full text]
  • The Collection of Oak Trees of Mexico and Central America in Iturraran Botanical Gardens
    The Collection of Oak Trees of Mexico and Central America in Iturraran Botanical Gardens Francisco Garin Garcia Iturraran Botanical Gardens, northern Spain [email protected] Overview Iturraran Botanical Gardens occupy 25 hectares of the northern area of Spain’s Pagoeta Natural Park. They extend along the slopes of the Iturraran hill upon the former hay meadows belonging to the farmhouse of the same name, currently the Reception Centre of the Park. The minimum altitude is 130 m above sea level, and the maximum is 220 m. Within its bounds there are indigenous wooded copses of Quercus robur and other non-coniferous species. Annual precipitation ranges from 140 to 160 cm/year. The maximum temperatures can reach 30º C on some days of summer and even during periods of southern winds on isolated days from October to March; the winter minimums fall to -3º C or -5 º C, occasionally registering as low as -7º C. Frosty days are few and they do not last long. It may snow several days each year. Soils are fairly shallow, with a calcareous substratum, but acidified by the abundant rainfall. In general, the pH is neutral due to their action. Collections The first plantations date back to late 1987. There are currently approximately 5,000 different taxa, the majority being trees and shrubs. There are around 3,000 species, including around 300 species from the genus Quercus; 100 of them are from Mexico and Central America. Quercus costaricensis photo©Francisco Garcia 48 International Oak Journal No. 22 Spring 2011 Oaks from Mexico and Oaks from Mexico
    [Show full text]
  • What Is a Tree in the Mediterranean Basin Hotspot? a Critical Analysis
    Médail et al. Forest Ecosystems (2019) 6:17 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40663-019-0170-6 RESEARCH Open Access What is a tree in the Mediterranean Basin hotspot? A critical analysis Frédéric Médail1* , Anne-Christine Monnet1, Daniel Pavon1, Toni Nikolic2, Panayotis Dimopoulos3, Gianluigi Bacchetta4, Juan Arroyo5, Zoltán Barina6, Marwan Cheikh Albassatneh7, Gianniantonio Domina8, Bruno Fady9, Vlado Matevski10, Stephen Mifsud11 and Agathe Leriche1 Abstract Background: Tree species represent 20% of the vascular plant species worldwide and they play a crucial role in the global functioning of the biosphere. The Mediterranean Basin is one of the 36 world biodiversity hotspots, and it is estimated that forests covered 82% of the landscape before the first human impacts, thousands of years ago. However, the spatial distribution of the Mediterranean biodiversity is still imperfectly known, and a focus on tree species constitutes a key issue for understanding forest functioning and develop conservation strategies. Methods: We provide the first comprehensive checklist of all native tree taxa (species and subspecies) present in the Mediterranean-European region (from Portugal to Cyprus). We identified some cases of woody species difficult to categorize as trees that we further called “cryptic trees”. We collected the occurrences of tree taxa by “administrative regions”, i.e. country or large island, and by biogeographical provinces. We studied the species-area relationship, and evaluated the conservation issues for threatened taxa following IUCN criteria. Results: We identified 245 tree taxa that included 210 species and 35 subspecies, belonging to 33 families and 64 genera. It included 46 endemic tree taxa (30 species and 16 subspecies), mainly distributed within a single biogeographical unit.
    [Show full text]
  • Native Trees of Georgia
    1 NATIVE TREES OF GEORGIA By G. Norman Bishop Professor of Forestry George Foster Peabody School of Forestry University of Georgia Currently Named Daniel B. Warnell School of Forest Resources University of Georgia GEORGIA FORESTRY COMMISSION Eleventh Printing - 2001 Revised Edition 2 FOREWARD This manual has been prepared in an effort to give to those interested in the trees of Georgia a means by which they may gain a more intimate knowledge of the tree species. Of about 250 species native to the state, only 92 are described here. These were chosen for their commercial importance, distribution over the state or because of some unusual characteristic. Since the manual is intended primarily for the use of the layman, technical terms have been omitted wherever possible; however, the scientific names of the trees and the families to which they belong, have been included. It might be explained that the species are grouped by families, the name of each occurring at the top of the page over the name of the first member of that family. Also, there is included in the text, a subdivision entitled KEY CHARACTERISTICS, the purpose of which is to give the reader, all in one group, the most outstanding features whereby he may more easily recognize the tree. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author wishes to express his appreciation to the Houghton Mifflin Company, publishers of Sargent’s Manual of the Trees of North America, for permission to use the cuts of all trees appearing in this manual; to B. R. Stogsdill for assistance in arranging the material; to W.
    [Show full text]
  • Oaks (Quercus Spp.): a Brief History
    Publication WSFNR-20-25A April 2020 Oaks (Quercus spp.): A Brief History Dr. Kim D. Coder, Professor of Tree Biology & Health Care / University Hill Fellow University of Georgia Warnell School of Forestry & Natural Resources Quercus (oak) is the largest tree genus in temperate and sub-tropical areas of the Northern Hemisphere with an extensive distribution. (Denk et.al. 2010) Oaks are the most dominant trees of North America both in species number and biomass. (Hipp et.al. 2018) The three North America oak groups (white, red / black, and golden-cup) represent roughly 60% (~255) of the ~435 species within the Quercus genus worldwide. (Hipp et.al. 2018; McVay et.al. 2017a) Oak group development over time helped determine current species, and can suggest relationships which foster hybridization. The red / black and white oaks developed during a warm phase in global climate at high latitudes in what today is the boreal forest zone. From this northern location, both oak groups spread together southward across the continent splitting into a large eastern United States pathway, and much smaller western and far western paths. Both species groups spread into the eastern United States, then southward, and continued into Mexico and Central America as far as Columbia. (Hipp et.al. 2018) Today, Mexico is considered the world center of oak diversity. (Hipp et.al. 2018) Figure 1 shows genus, sub-genus and sections of Quercus (oak). History of Oak Species Groups Oaks developed under much different climates and environments than today. By examining how oaks developed and diversified into small, closely related groups, the native set of Georgia oak species can be better appreciated and understood in how they are related, share gene sets, or hybridize.
    [Show full text]
  • Key to Leaves of Eastern Native Oaks
    FHTET-2003-01 January 2003 Front Cover: Clockwise from top left: white oak (Q. alba) acorns; willow oak (Q. phellos) leaves and acorns; Georgia oak (Q. georgiana) leaf; chinkapin oak (Q. muehlenbergii) acorns; scarlet oak (Q. coccinea) leaf; Texas live oak (Q. fusiformis) acorns; runner oak (Q. pumila) leaves and acorns; background bur oak (Q. macrocarpa) bark. (Design, D. Binion) Back Cover: Swamp chestnut oak (Q. michauxii) leaves and acorns. (Design, D. Binion) FOREST HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ENTERPRISE TEAM TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER Oak Identification Field Guide to Native Oak Species of Eastern North America John Stein and Denise Binion Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team USDA Forest Service 180 Canfield St., Morgantown, WV 26505 Robert Acciavatti Forest Health Protection Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry USDA Forest Service 180 Canfield St., Morgantown, WV 26505 United States Forest FHTET-2003-01 Department of Service January 2003 Agriculture NORTH AMERICA 100th Meridian ii iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors wish to thank all those who helped with this publication. We are grateful for permission to use the drawings illustrated by John K. Myers, Flagstaff, AZ, published in the Flora of North America, North of Mexico, vol. 3 (Jensen 1997). We thank Drs. Cynthia Huebner and Jim Colbert, U.S. Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Disturbance Ecology and Management of Oak-Dominated Forests, Morgantown, WV; Dr. Martin MacKenzie, U.S. Forest Service, Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection, Morgantown, WV; Dr. Steven L. Stephenson, Department of Biology, Fairmont State College, Fairmont, WV; Dr. Donna Ford-Werntz, Eberly College of Arts and Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV; Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Geology As a Georegional Influence on Quercus Fagaceae Distribution
    GEOLOGY AS A GEOREGIONAL INFLUENCE ON Quercus FAGACEAE DISTRIBUTION IN DENTON AND COKE COUNTIES OF CENTRAL AND NORTH CENTRAL TEXAS AND CHOCTAW COUNTY OF SOUTHEASTERN OKLAHOMA, USING GIS AS AN ANALYTICAL TOOL George F. Maxey, B.S., M.S. Dissertation Prepared for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS December 2007 APPROVED: C. Reid Ferring, Major Professor Miguel Avevedo, Committee Member Kenneth Dickson, Committee Member Donald Lyons, Committee Member Paul Hudak, Committee Member and Chair of the Department of Geography Sandra L. Terrell, Dean of the Robert B. Toulouse School of Graduate Studies Maxey, George F. Geology as a Georegional Influence on Quercus Fagaceae Distribution in Denton and Coke Counties of Central and North Central Texas and Choctaw County of Southeastern Oklahoma, Using GIS as an Analytical Tool. Doctor of Philosophy (Environmental Science), December 2007, 198 pp., 30 figures, 24 tables, references, 57 titles. This study elucidates the underlying relationships for the distribution of oak landcover on bedrock and soil orders in two counties in Texas and one in Oklahoma. ESRI’s ArcGis and ArcMap was used to create surface maps for Denton and Coke Counties, Texas and Choctaw County, Oklahoma. Attribute tables generated in GIS were exported into a spreadsheet software program and frequency tables were created for every formation and soil order in the tri-county research area. The results were both a visual and numeric distribution of oaks in the transition area between the eastern hardwood forests and the Great Plains. Oak distributions are changing on this transition area of the South Central Plains.
    [Show full text]
  • Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- BIBLIOGRAPHY
    Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- BIBLIOGRAPHY BIBLIOGRAPHY Ackerfield, J., and J. Wen. 2002. A morphometric analysis of Hedera L. (the ivy genus, Araliaceae) and its taxonomic implications. Adansonia 24: 197-212. Adams, P. 1961. Observations on the Sagittaria subulata complex. Rhodora 63: 247-265. Adams, R.M. II, and W.J. Dress. 1982. Nodding Lilium species of eastern North America (Liliaceae). Baileya 21: 165-188. Adams, R.P. 1986. Geographic variation in Juniperus silicicola and J. virginiana of the Southeastern United States: multivariant analyses of morphology and terpenoids. Taxon 35: 31-75. ------. 1995. Revisionary study of Caribbean species of Juniperus (Cupressaceae). Phytologia 78: 134-150. ------, and T. Demeke. 1993. Systematic relationships in Juniperus based on random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs). Taxon 42: 553-571. Adams, W.P. 1957. A revision of the genus Ascyrum (Hypericaceae). Rhodora 59: 73-95. ------. 1962. Studies in the Guttiferae. I. A synopsis of Hypericum section Myriandra. Contr. Gray Herbarium Harv. 182: 1-51. ------, and N.K.B. Robson. 1961. A re-evaluation of the generic status of Ascyrum and Crookea (Guttiferae). Rhodora 63: 10-16. Adams, W.P. 1973. Clusiaceae of the southeastern United States. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 89: 62-71. Adler, L. 1999. Polygonum perfoliatum (mile-a-minute weed). Chinquapin 7: 4. Aedo, C., J.J. Aldasoro, and C. Navarro. 1998. Taxonomic revision of Geranium sections Batrachioidea and Divaricata (Geraniaceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 85: 594-630. Affolter, J.M. 1985. A monograph of the genus Lilaeopsis (Umbelliferae). Systematic Bot. Monographs 6. Ahles, H.E., and A.E.
    [Show full text]
  • Quercus Drymeja Unger and Q. Mediterranea Unger
    Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 241 (2017) 98–128 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/revpalbo Taxonomy and palaeoecology of two widespread western Eurasian Neogene sclerophyllous oak species: Quercus drymeja Unger and Q. mediterranea Unger Thomas Denk a,⁎, Dimitrios Velitzelos b,TuncayH.Günerc, Johannes M. Bouchal a,d, Friðgeir Grímsson d,GuidoW.Grimmd,e a Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Palaeobiology, Box 50007, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden b National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Geology and Geoenvironment, Department of Historical Geology and Paleontology, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15784, Greece c Istanbul University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Botany, 34473 Bahceköy, Istanbul, Turkey d University of Vienna, Department of Palaeontology, 1090 Vienna, Austria e Unaffiliated, 45100 Orléans, France article info abstract Article history: Sclerophyllous oaks (genus Quercus) play important roles in Neogene ecosystems of south-western Eurasia. Received 31 May 2016 Modern analogues (‘nearest living relatives’) for these oaks have been sought among five of six infrageneric lin- Accepted 30 January 2017 eages of Quercus, distributed across the entire Northern Hemisphere. A revision of leaf fossils from lower Miocene Available online 10 February 2017 to Pliocene deposits suggests that morphotypes of the Quercus drymeja complex are very similar to a number of extant Himalayan, East Asian, and Southeast Asian species of Quercus Group Ilex and may indicate subtropical, Keywords: Quercus Group Ilex relatively humid conditions. Quercus mediterranea comprises leaf morphotypes that are encountered in modern Plant fossil Mediterranean species of Quercus Group Ilex, but also in Himalayan and East Asian members of this group indi- Modern analogue cating fully humid or summer-wet conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Tree and Tree-Like Species of Mexico: Apocynaceae, Cactaceae
    Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad ISSN: 1870-3453 [email protected] Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México Ricker, Martin; Valencia-Avalos, Susana; Hernández, Héctor M.; Gómez-Hinostrosa, Carlos; Martínez-Salas, Esteban M.; Alvarado-Cárdenas, Leonardo O.; Wallnöfer, Bruno; Ramos, Clara H.; Mendoza, Pilar E. Tree and tree-like species of Mexico: Apocynaceae, Cactaceae, Ebenaceae, Fagaceae, and Sapotaceae Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, vol. 87, núm. 4, diciembre, 2016, pp. 1189-1202 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Distrito Federal, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=42548632003 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 87 (2016) 1189–1202 www.ib.unam.mx/revista/ Taxonomy and systematics Tree and tree-like species of Mexico: Apocynaceae, Cactaceae, Ebenaceae, Fagaceae, and Sapotaceae Especies arbóreas y arborescentes de México: Apocynaceae, Cactaceae, Ebenaceae, Fagaceae y Sapotaceae a,∗ b a a Martin Ricker , Susana Valencia-Avalos , Héctor M. Hernández , Carlos Gómez-Hinostrosa , a b c Esteban M. Martínez-Salas , Leonardo O. Alvarado-Cárdenas , Bruno Wallnöfer , a a Clara H. Ramos , Pilar E. Mendoza a Herbario Nacional de México (MEXU), Departamento
    [Show full text]