DOCSLIB.ORG

Geology As a Georegional Influence on Quercus Fagaceae Distribution

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Geology As a Georegional Influence on Quercus Fagaceae Distribution GEOLOGY AS A GEOREGIONAL INFLUENCE ON Quercus FAGACEAE DISTRIBUTION IN DENTON AND COKE COUNTIES OF CENTRAL AND NORTH CENTRAL TEXAS AND CHOCTAW COUNTY OF SOUTHEASTERN OKLAHOMA, USING GIS AS AN ANALYTICAL TOOL George F. Maxey, B.S., M.S. Dissertation Prepared for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS December 2007 APPROVED: C. Reid Ferring, Major Professor Miguel Avevedo, Committee Member Kenneth Dickson, Committee Member Donald Lyons, Committee Member Paul Hudak, Committee Member and Chair of the Department of Geography Sandra L. Terrell, Dean of the Robert B. Toulouse School of Graduate Studies Maxey, George F. Geology as a Georegional Influence on Quercus Fagaceae Distribution in Denton and Coke Counties of Central and North Central Texas and Choctaw County of Southeastern Oklahoma, Using GIS as an Analytical Tool. Doctor of Philosophy (Environmental Science), December 2007, 198 pp., 30 figures, 24 tables, references, 57 titles. This study elucidates the underlying relationships for the distribution of oak landcover on bedrock and soil orders in two counties in Texas and one in Oklahoma. ESRI’s ArcGis and ArcMap was used to create surface maps for Denton and Coke Counties, Texas and Choctaw County, Oklahoma. Attribute tables generated in GIS were exported into a spreadsheet software program and frequency tables were created for every formation and soil order in the tri-county research area. The results were both a visual and numeric distribution of oaks in the transition area between the eastern hardwood forests and the Great Plains. Oak distributions are changing on this transition area of the South Central Plains. The sandy Woodbine and Antlers formations traditionally associated with the largest oak distribution are carrying oak coverage of approximately 31-32% in Choctaw and Denton Counties. The calcareous Blackland and Grand Prairies are traditionally associated with treeless grasslands, but are now carrying oak and other tree landcover up to 18.9%. Human intervention, including the establishment of artificial, political and social boundaries, urbanization, farming and fire control have altered the natural distribution of oaks and other landcover of this unique georegion. Copyright 2007 by George F. Maxey ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to thank my wife Susan Maxey for all her love, support and never ending encouragement. It would not be possible to thank everyone that offered encouragement throughout the years of work this dissertation entailed. Therefore I wish to first acknowledge those that guided my work, my committee members: Dr. Reid Ferring, Dr. Paul Hudak, Dr. Miguel Acevedo, Dr. Kenneth Dickson and Dr. Donald Lyons. The following people encouraged, helped, cajoled and inspired: Sean Webster, Candy King, Dr. James Kennedy, Dr. Bruce Hunter, Ron Dilulio, Tami Deaton, Eva Ramirez, Dr. Robin Buckallew, Dr. Pinliang Dong, the faculty and staff of the Department of Geography, the faculty and staff of the Environmental Science Department, and the UNT library staff. Finally to all those that I may not have mentioned by name, thank you. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...............................................................................................iii LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................ v LIST OF FIGURES........................................................................................................ viii Chapters 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 1 Hypothesis and Research Questions.............................................. 3 The Georegion Concept.................................................................. 4 2. LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................. 7 3. METHODOLOGY .................................................................................... 27 Accuracy of GAP Data .................................................................. 40 Accuracy of Digital GAT Quads..................................................... 43 Accuracy of Soils Data .................................................................. 44 Geologic Setting............................................................................ 44 Distribution of Quercus in Coke, Denton and Choctaw Counties .. 51 4. DATA PREPARATION AND ANALYSIS.................................................. 54 RDA Visualization of Lithologic Correlations ................................. 83 Analysis Summary ........................................................................ 92 5. SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................ 94 Recommendations ........................................................................ 99 APPENDIX .................................................................................................................. 103 REFERENCES............................................................................................................ 194 iv LIST OF TABLES Page 2.1 The Geology of Denton County, Winton (1925).................................................. 15 3.1 All County Statistics............................................................................................ 27 3.2 Accuracy results of the USGS GAP Analysis Program....................................... 41 3.3 Example of Landcover Regrouping Choctaw Oklahoma .................................... 42 3.4 Choctaw County, Oklahoma Formations ............................................................ 45 3.5 Formation Composition of Coke County, Texas ................................................. 47 3.6 Formation Composition of Denton County, Texas.............................................. 49 4.1 Generalized Table of Formations in Coke, Denton, and Choctaw Counties....... 55 4.2 Surface Exposed Formations, Compositional Descriptions and Symbols for Coke County, Texas .................................................................................................... 56 4.3 Surface Exposed Formations, Compositional Descriptions and Symbols for Denton County, Texas........................................................................................ 57 4.4 Surface Exposed Formations, Compositional, Descriptions and Symbols for Choctaw County, Oklahoma............................................................................... 58 4.5 County Area Statistic Totals ............................................................................... 59 4.6 Formations, Areas, Percentage Oak Landcover and Total Ratio of Oak Distribution per Formation for Coke County, Texas............................................ 61 4.7 Bedrock Type and Soil Order Percentages for Coke County, Texas.................. 63 4.8 Bedrock Type and Soil Order Percentages for Denton County, Texas............... 64 4.9 Bedrock Type and Soil Order Percentages for Choctaw County, Oklahoma...... 65 4.10 Number of Oak Species in Choctaw, Denton and Coke Counties versus Average Monthly Temperature and Precipitation.............................................................. 68 4.11 Formations, Areas, Percentage Oak Landcover and Total Ratio of Oak Distribution per Formation for Denton County, Texas......................................... 71 4.12 Formations, Areas, Percentage Oak Landcover and Total Ratio of Oak Distribution per Formation for Choctaw County, Oklahoma................................ 73 v 4.13 Soil Order Area, Percentage Oak Grouping and Landcover per Soil Order, and Oak/Soil Order Ratio for Coke County, Texas.................................................... 80 4.14 Soil Order Area, Percentage Oak Landcover and Grouping per Soil Order, and Oak/Soil Order Ratio for Denton County, Texas................................................. 80 4.15 Soil Order Area, Percentage Oak Grouping and Landcover per Soil Order, and Oak/Soil Order Ratio for Choctaw County, Oklahoma........................................ 81 4.16 Canoco Redundancy Analysis for All Counties and Each County Individually ... 91 A.1 Choctaw County, Oklahoma Monthly and Annual Precipitation from 1948 to1999 ......................................................................................................................... 104 A.2 Denton County, Texas Monthly and Annual Precipitation from 1949 2002....... 106 A.3 Coke County, Texas Monthly and Annual Precipitation from 1949 to 1999...... 108 A.4 Choctaw County, Oklahoma Monthly and Average Annual Temperature from 1948 to 1999..................................................................................................... 110 A.5 Denton County, Texas Monthly and Average Annual Temperature from 1949 to 2002 ................................................................................................................. 112 A.6 Coke County, Texas Monthly and Average Annual Temperature from 1949 to1999 .............................................................................................................. 114 A.7 Soil Survey of Choctaw County, Oklahoma, 1979............................................ 116 A.8 Soil Survey of Coke County, Texas, 1974 ........................................................ 118 A.9 Soil Survey of Denton County, Texas, 1980..................................................... 120 A.10 Oak Trees, Common Names, and the Counties Where They are Located....... 124 A.11 Coke County, Texas Soil Orders on Geologic Formations ..............................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Topic: Soil Classification
    Programme: M.Sc.(Environmental Science) Course: Soil Science Semester: IV Code: MSESC4007E04 Topic: Soil Classification Prof. Umesh Kumar Singh Department of Environmental Science School of Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences Central University of South Bihar, Gaya Note: These materials are only for classroom teaching purpose at Central University of South Bihar. All the data/figures/materials are taken from several research articles/e-books/text books including Wikipedia and other online resources. 1 • Pedology: The origin of the soil , its classification, and its description are examined in pedology (pedon-soil or earth in greek). Pedology is the study of the soil as a natural body and does not focus primarily on the soil’s immediate practical use. A pedologist studies, examines, and classifies soils as they occur in their natural environment. • Edaphology (concerned with the influence of soils on living things, particularly plants ) is the study of soil from the stand point of higher plants. Edaphologist considers the various properties of soil in relation to plant production. • Soil Profile: specific series of layers of soil called soil horizons from soil surface down to the unaltered parent material. 2 • By area Soil – can be small or few hectares. • Smallest representative unit – k.a. Pedon • Polypedon • Bordered by its side by the vertical section of soil …the soil profile. • Soil profile – characterize the pedon. So it defines the soil. • Horizon tell- soil properties- colour, texture, structure, permeability, drainage, bio-activity etc. • 6 groups of horizons k.a. master horizons. O,A,E,B,C &R. 3 Soil Sampling and Mapping Units 4 Typical soil profile 5 O • OM deposits (decomposed, partially decomposed) • Lie above mineral horizon • Histic epipedon (Histos Gr.
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution of Nematodes in Vertisol Aggregates Under a Permanent Pasture in Martinique
    Applied Soil Ecology ELSEVIER Applied Soil Ecology 4 (1996) 193-200 Distribution of nematodes in vertisol aggregates under a permanent pasture in Martinique Patrick Quénéhervé, Jean-Luc Chotte * Laboratoire de Nhnatologie et Laboratoire de Matière Organique des Sols Tropicaux, Centre ORSTOM, B.P. 8006,97259 Fort de France Cedex, Martinique Accepted 13 May 1996 Abstract This study reports on the distribution of nematodes in different soil habitats under a permanent pasture of digitgrass (Digitaria decuinbens Stent. cv. 'Pangola') in Martinique. The objectives were (i) to evaluate a gentle fractionation method compatible with further soil nematode extraction and (ii) to assess the respective soil microhabitats of plant-feeding nematodes and free-living nematodes. This study indicated that gentle soil fractionation can effectively separate soil habitats and allow the recovery of associated nematodes. Plant-feeding nematodes were equally distributed between inter-aggregate pores, habitats constituted of aggregated fine silt + clay particles and roots + rhizosphere. Most of free-living nematodes (53%) resided in inter-aggre- gate pores. Irrespective of the food resource, densities of nematodes (number per gram of habitat) were similar in habitats coarser than 1000 pm (A5000, A2000, and A1000). Habitats with the finest soil (A200) were not favourable sites because of the rarity of roots (for plant-feeding nematodes) and physical constraints. Keywords: Nematode; Pasture; Soil aggregates; Soil fractionation; Soil habitats; Soil porosity; Vertisol 1. Introduction indicated that carbon concentration controls the dis- tribution of soil microorganisms. Griffin (1981) Soils consist of an assemblage of solid particles demonstrated the importance of water suction in and air-filled or water-filled pores of different sizes microbial metabolism.
    [Show full text]
  • Soils Section
    Soils Section 2003 Florida Envirothon Study Sections Soil Key Points SOIL KEY POINTS • Recognize soil as an important dynamic resource. • Describe basic soil properties and soil formation factors. • Understand soil drainage classes and know how wetlands are defined. • Determine basic soil properties and limitations, such as mottling and permeability by observing a soil pit or soil profile. • Identify types of soil erosion and discuss methods for reducing erosion. • Use soil information, including a soil survey, in land use planning discussions. • Discuss how soil is a factor in, or is impacted by, nonpoint and point source pollution. Florida’s State Soil Florida has the largest total acreage of sandy, siliceous, hyperthermic Aeric Haplaquods in the nation. This is commonly called Myakka fine sand. It does not occur anywhere else in the United States. There are more than 1.5 million acres of Myakka fine sand in Florida. On May 22, 1989, Governor Bob Martinez signed Senate Bill 525 into law making Myakka fine sand Florida’s official state soil. iii Florida Envirothon Study Packet — Soils Section iv Contents CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................................1 WHAT IS SOIL AND HOW IS SOIL FORMED? .....................................................................3 SOIL CHARACTERISTICS..........................................................................................................7 Texture......................................................................................................................................7
    [Show full text]
  • Integrated Management of Vertisols for Crop Production in Ethiopia: a Review
    Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online) Vol.6, No.24, 2016 Integrated Management of Vertisols for Crop Production in Ethiopia: A Review Tadesse Debele 1 Haile Deressa 2 1.Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Ambo University, P.O.Box – 19, Ambo, Ethiopia 2.Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, P.O.Box 100009, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Abstract In Ethiopia, Vertisols account for 12.6 million hectares, of which about 7.6 million ha found in the highlands and are generally waterlogged due to abundant rainfall during the growing period. These soils are generally hard when dry and sticky when wet, a very low infiltration rate when the surface is sealed, very low saturated hydraulic conductivity and compaction as a result of swelling, and therefore presents serious limitations to their use. Crop production on these soils is limited because of impeded drainage, difficulty of land preparation, soil erosion and low fertility. Long-term adaptations to climate changes on Vertisols management require structural changes to overcome the harsh conditions. Vertisols have considerable productive potential, but they are usually underutilized in the traditional production system. Hence, achieving sustainable and improved management of Vertisols has been a major challenge for Ethiopian farmers for many years. Vertisols management technologies essentially early planting, drainage using BBM, improved variety, and fertilizers application were developed to effectively and efficiently utilize these soils. Early planting of short maturing wheat and teff varieties opened an opportunity for double cropping; excess water drained from the furrows would be utilized for supplemental irrigation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of White Pine (Pinus Strobus) on a Mollisol After Seven Decades of Soil Development
    Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS Volume 111 Number 3-4 Article 4 2004 The Impact of White Pine (Pinus strobus) on a Mollisol After Seven Decades of Soil Development Irina Kovda Institute of Geography, Moscow Eric C. Brevik Iowa State University Thomas E. Fenton Moscow State University Maria Gerasimova Valdosta State University Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy Copyright © Copyright 2005 by the Iowa Academy of Science, Inc. Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/jias Part of the Anthropology Commons, Life Sciences Commons, Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons, and the Science and Mathematics Education Commons Recommended Citation Kovda, Irina; Brevik, Eric C.; Fenton, Thomas E.; and Gerasimova, Maria (2004) "The Impact of White Pine (Pinus strobus) on a Mollisol After Seven Decades of Soil Development," Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS, 111(3-4), 58-66. Available at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/jias/vol111/iss3/4 This Research is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa Academy of Science at UNI ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS by an authorized editor of UNI ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Jour. Iowa Acad. Sci. 111(3,4):58-66, 2004 The Impact of White Pine (Pinus strobus) on a Mollisol After Seven Decades of Soil Development IRINA KOVDA1, ERIC C. BREVIK2A, THOMAS E. FENTON2, and MARIA GERASIMOVA3 1 Institute of Geography, Staromonetny 29, Moscow, 109017,
    [Show full text]
  • World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014 International Soil Classification System for Naming Soils and Creating Legends for Soil Maps
    ISSN 0532-0488 WORLD SOIL RESOURCES REPORTS 106 World reference base for soil resources 2014 International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps Update 2015 Cover photographs (left to right): Ekranic Technosol – Austria (©Erika Michéli) Reductaquic Cryosol – Russia (©Maria Gerasimova) Ferralic Nitisol – Australia (©Ben Harms) Pellic Vertisol – Bulgaria (©Erika Michéli) Albic Podzol – Czech Republic (©Erika Michéli) Hypercalcic Kastanozem – Mexico (©Carlos Cruz Gaistardo) Stagnic Luvisol – South Africa (©Márta Fuchs) Copies of FAO publications can be requested from: SALES AND MARKETING GROUP Information Division Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00100 Rome, Italy E-mail: [email protected] Fax: (+39) 06 57053360 Web site: http://www.fao.org WORLD SOIL World reference base RESOURCES REPORTS for soil resources 2014 106 International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps Update 2015 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2015 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO.
    [Show full text]
  • Phosphorus Adsorption of Some Brazilian Soils in Relations to Selected Soil Properties
    Open Journal of Soil Science, 2015, 5, 101-109 Published Online May 2015 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/ojss http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojss.2015.55010 Phosphorus Adsorption of Some Brazilian Soils in Relations to Selected Soil Properties Valdinar Ferreira Melo1*, Sandra Cátia Pereira Uchôa1, Zachary N. Senwo2*, Ronilson José Pedroso Amorim3 1Department of Soil and Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Roraima, Boa Vista, Brazil 2Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Alabama A&M University, Huntsville, USA 3Agronomy, Federal University of Roraima, Boa Vista, Brazil Email: *[email protected], *[email protected] Received 3 April 2015; accepted 17 May 2015; published 20 May 2015 Copyright © 2015 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract A major nutritional problem to crops grown in highly weathered Brazilian soils is phosphorus (P) deficiencies linked to their low availability and the capacity of the soils to fix P in insoluble forms. Our studies examined factors that might influence P behavior in soils of the Amazon region. This study was conducted to evaluate the maximum phosphate adsorption capacity (MPAC) of the soils developed from mafic rocks (diabase), their parent materials and other factors resulting in the formation of eutrophic soils having A chernozemic horizon associated with Red Nitosols (Alfisol) and Red Latosols (Oxisol) of the Amazonian environment. The MPAC was determined in triplicates as a function of the remnant P values. The different concentrations used to determine the MPAC allowed maximum adsorption values to be reached for all soils.
    [Show full text]
  • Diagnostic Horizons
    Exam III Wednesday, November 7th Study Guide Posted Tomorrow Review Session in Class on Monday the 4th Soil Taxonomy and Classification Diagnostic Horizons Epipedons Subsurface Mollic Albic Umbric Kandic Ochric Histic Argillic Melanic Spodic Plaggen Anthropic Oxic 1 Surface Horizons: Mollic- thick, dark colored, high %B.S., structure Umbric – same, but lower B.S. Ochric – pale, low O.M., thin Histic – High O.M., thick, wet, dark Sub-Surface Horizons: Argillic – illuvial accum. of clay (high activity) Kandic – accum. of clay (low activity) Spodic – Illuvial O.M. accumulation (Al and/or Fe) Oxic – highly weathered, kaolinite, Fe and Al oxides Albic – light colored, elluvial, low reactivity Elluviation and Illuviation Elluviation (E horizon) Organic matter Clays A A E E Bh horizon Bt horizon Bh Bt Spodic horizon Argillic horizon 2 Soil Taxonomy Diagnostic Epipedons Diagnostic Subsurface horizons Moisture Regimes Temperature Regimes Age Texture Depth Soil Taxonomy Soil forming processes, presence or Order Absence of major diagnostic horizons 12 Similar genesis Suborder 63 Grasslands – thick, dark Great group 250 epipedons High %B.S. Sub group 1400 Family 8000 Series 19,000 Soil Orders Entisols Histosols Inceptisols Andisols Gelisols Alfisols Mollisols Ultisols Spodosols Aridisols Vertisols Oxisols 3 Soil Orders Entisol Ent- Recent Histosol Hist- Histic (organic) Inceptisol Incept- Inception Alfisol Alf- Nonsense Ultisol Ult- Ultimate Spodosol Spod- Spodos (wood ash) Mollisol Moll- Mollis (soft) Oxisol Ox- oxide Andisol And- Ando (black) Gelisol
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Tillage on Physical Characteristics in a Mollisol of Northeast China
    Plant Soil Environ. Vol. 60, 2014, No. 7: 309–313 Impact of tillage on physical characteristics in a Mollisol of Northeast China X.W. Chen, A.Z. Liang, S.X. Jia, X.P. Zhang, S.C. Wei Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China ABSTRACT Soil management is aimed at the maintenance of optimal soil physical quality for crop production. In order to ex- plore the effects of tillage practices on soil physical properties, a study was conducted to compare the effects of no tillage (NT), moldboard plow (MP) and ridge tillage (RT) on soil bulk density (BD), soil penetration resistance (SPR), soil water content (SWC), soil macroporosity (MAC) and soil air-filled porosity (AFP) in Northeast China. Results showed that both NT and RT led to significant BD increment than MP at 0–20 cm (P < 0.05). Compared with MP, NT and RT increased SPR at the depths of 2.5–17.5 cm (P < 0.05). SWC of 0–10 cm layer was significantly higher in NT and RT than MP soils (P < 0.05). NT showed a significantly lower MAC than MP and RT at 0–20 cm soil depths (P < 0.05). All AFP values were above the limit of 0.10 cm3/cm3 under all tillage treatments. RT im- proved the soil physical quality as evidenced by decreased BD and SPR, and increased SWC, MAC and AFP relative to NT. Keywords: soil bulk density; soil penetration resistance; soil water content; soil macroporosity; soil air-filled porosity Soil physical properties can influence the avail- factor is soil air-filled porosity (AFP), an important ability and uptake of water, oxygen and nutrients criterion for soil aeration which is commonly used for plant growth (Filho et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Influence of Soil Type on the Reliability of the Prediction Model
    agronomy Article Influence of Soil Type on the Reliability of the Prediction Model for Bioavailability of Mn, Zn, Pb, Ni and Cu in the Soils of the Republic of Serbia Jelena Maksimovi´c*, Radmila Pivi´c,Aleksandra Stanojkovi´c-Sebi´c , Marina Jovkovi´c,Darko Jaramaz and Zoran Dini´c Institute of Soil Science, Teodora Drajzera 7, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; [email protected] (R.P.); [email protected] (A.S.-S.); [email protected] (M.J.); [email protected] (D.J.); [email protected] (Z.D.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The principles of sustainable agriculture in the 21st century are based on the preservation of basic natural resources and environmental protection, which is achieved through a multidisciplinary approach in obtaining solutions and applying information technologies. Prediction models of bioavailability of trace elements (TEs) represent the basis for the development of machine learning and artificial intelligence in digital agriculture. Since the bioavailability of TEs is influenced by the physicochemical properties of the soil, which are characteristic of the soil type, in order to obtain more reliable prediction models in this study, the testing set from the previous study was grouped based on the soil type. The aim of this study was to examine the possibility of improvement in the prediction of bioavailability of TEs by using a different strategy of model development. After the training set was grouped based on the criteria for the new model development, the developed basic models were compared to the basic models from the previous study. The second step was to develop Citation: Maksimovi´c,J.; Pivi´c,R.; models based on the soil type (for the eight most common soil types in the Republic of Serbia—RS) Stanojkovi´c-Sebi´c,A.; Jovkovi´c,M.; and to compare their reliability to the basic models.
    [Show full text]
  • Perennial Grain Crop Roots and Nitrogen Management Shape Soil Food Webs T and Soil Carbon Dynamics ∗ Christine D
    Soil Biology and Biochemistry 137 (2019) 107573 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Soil Biology and Biochemistry journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/soilbio Perennial grain crop roots and nitrogen management shape soil food webs T and soil carbon dynamics ∗ Christine D. Sprungera, , Steven W. Culmana, Ariane L. Peraltab, S. Tianna DuPontc, Jay T. Lennond, Sieglinde S. Snappe a School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA b Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA c Tree Fruit Research and Extension, Washington State University, Wenatchee, WA, 98801, USA d Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA e Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Perennial grain crops may confer greater ecosystem services relative to annual row crop systems due to their Organic matter extensive roots systems and year-round ground cover. However, less is known about the extent to which per- Root biomass ennial grain crops affect food web dynamics and soil carbon (C) cycling over time. Furthermore, manyme- Nematodes chanistic questions remain regarding the influence of root quantity and quality on soil biological communities Bacteria and C cycling function. In this study, we quantified root biomass and quality, bacterial and nematode community Soil food webs structure, and labile soil C pools of perennial intermediate wheatgrass [Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Buckworth and Dewey] and annual winter wheat (Triticum aes L.) across three nitrogen (N) management systems (Organic, Low inorganic N, High inorganic N). After 4 years, the perennial grain crop had significantly greater root quantity and permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC) relative to annual wheat.
    [Show full text]
  • Genesis of Mollisols Under Douglas-Fir
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1983 Genesis of Mollisols under Douglas-fir Mark E. Bakeman The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Bakeman, Mark E., "Genesis of Mollisols under Douglas-fir" (1983). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 2434. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/2434 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. COPYRIGHT ACT OF 1976 THIS IS AN UNPUBLISHED MANUSCRIPT IN WHICH COPYRIGHT SUB­ SISTS, ANY FURTHER REPRINTING OF ITS CONTENTS MUST BE APPROVED BY THE AUTHOR, MANSFIELD LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA DATE : 19 83 THE GENESIS OF MOLLISOLS UNDER DOUGLAS-FIR by MARK E. BAKEMAN B.S., S.U.N.Y. College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, 1978 Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA 1983 Approved by: Chairman, B6ard of Examiners rh, Graduate Schoor Date UMI Number: EP34103 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent on the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted.
    [Show full text]