19Th World Congress of Soil Science Working Group 1.1 the WRB
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Distribution of Nematodes in Vertisol Aggregates Under a Permanent Pasture in Martinique
Applied Soil Ecology ELSEVIER Applied Soil Ecology 4 (1996) 193-200 Distribution of nematodes in vertisol aggregates under a permanent pasture in Martinique Patrick Quénéhervé, Jean-Luc Chotte * Laboratoire de Nhnatologie et Laboratoire de Matière Organique des Sols Tropicaux, Centre ORSTOM, B.P. 8006,97259 Fort de France Cedex, Martinique Accepted 13 May 1996 Abstract This study reports on the distribution of nematodes in different soil habitats under a permanent pasture of digitgrass (Digitaria decuinbens Stent. cv. 'Pangola') in Martinique. The objectives were (i) to evaluate a gentle fractionation method compatible with further soil nematode extraction and (ii) to assess the respective soil microhabitats of plant-feeding nematodes and free-living nematodes. This study indicated that gentle soil fractionation can effectively separate soil habitats and allow the recovery of associated nematodes. Plant-feeding nematodes were equally distributed between inter-aggregate pores, habitats constituted of aggregated fine silt + clay particles and roots + rhizosphere. Most of free-living nematodes (53%) resided in inter-aggre- gate pores. Irrespective of the food resource, densities of nematodes (number per gram of habitat) were similar in habitats coarser than 1000 pm (A5000, A2000, and A1000). Habitats with the finest soil (A200) were not favourable sites because of the rarity of roots (for plant-feeding nematodes) and physical constraints. Keywords: Nematode; Pasture; Soil aggregates; Soil fractionation; Soil habitats; Soil porosity; Vertisol 1. Introduction indicated that carbon concentration controls the dis- tribution of soil microorganisms. Griffin (1981) Soils consist of an assemblage of solid particles demonstrated the importance of water suction in and air-filled or water-filled pores of different sizes microbial metabolism. -
Integrated Management of Vertisols for Crop Production in Ethiopia: a Review
Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online) Vol.6, No.24, 2016 Integrated Management of Vertisols for Crop Production in Ethiopia: A Review Tadesse Debele 1 Haile Deressa 2 1.Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Ambo University, P.O.Box – 19, Ambo, Ethiopia 2.Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, P.O.Box 100009, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Abstract In Ethiopia, Vertisols account for 12.6 million hectares, of which about 7.6 million ha found in the highlands and are generally waterlogged due to abundant rainfall during the growing period. These soils are generally hard when dry and sticky when wet, a very low infiltration rate when the surface is sealed, very low saturated hydraulic conductivity and compaction as a result of swelling, and therefore presents serious limitations to their use. Crop production on these soils is limited because of impeded drainage, difficulty of land preparation, soil erosion and low fertility. Long-term adaptations to climate changes on Vertisols management require structural changes to overcome the harsh conditions. Vertisols have considerable productive potential, but they are usually underutilized in the traditional production system. Hence, achieving sustainable and improved management of Vertisols has been a major challenge for Ethiopian farmers for many years. Vertisols management technologies essentially early planting, drainage using BBM, improved variety, and fertilizers application were developed to effectively and efficiently utilize these soils. Early planting of short maturing wheat and teff varieties opened an opportunity for double cropping; excess water drained from the furrows would be utilized for supplemental irrigation. -
Puerto Rico Oxisols-Highly Weathered,Red Soils of the Tropics
AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPML;4 FOR AID USE ONLY WASHINGTON. 0. C. 20523 BiBL;OGRAPHIC INPUT SHEET 16IIA.-C~ i A. PRIMARY l.SUBJECT Agriculture AF22-0000-G339 CLASSI- FCASI- SECONDARY FICATON IS. Soil chemistry and physics--Puerto Rico 2. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Oxisols-highly weathered,red soils of the tropics 3. AUTHOR(S) Beinroth,F.H. 4. DOCUMENT DATE S.NUMBER OF PAGES 8. ARC NUMBER 1973I 5p. ARC 7. REFERENCE ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS Puerto Rico 8. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES (Sponcoring Organization, Publiahers, Availability) (InSoils of the southern States and Puerto Rico,ed.by S.W.Buol,p.87-91) 9. ABSTRACT 10. CONTROL NUMBER 11. PRICE OF DOCUMENT PN-RAB-104 12. DESCRIPTORS 13. PROJECT NUMBER Puerto Rico 14. CONTRACT NUMBER CSD-2857 211(d) 15. TYPE OF DOCUMENT AID 590.1 (4-74) Chapter 12 OXISOLS-IIGIILY WEATIIERED, RED SOILS OF TIlE TROPICS F. H. Beinroth Introduction and General Setting of a western spur of the Cordillera Central, there Although the term "laterite" readily springs to ranging in altitude from 200 to 500 m. (600 to mind when the tipic of red tropical soils is raised, 1,500 feet), and consisting of ultrabasic plutonic it is but one of many names that have been pro- rocks (serpentinite) of Early Cretaceous age. For posed to characterize these soils. Latosols, Ferra- the most part this area is strongly dissected and lities, and Terra Roxa are some other of these only in a few places have older erosion surfaces vaguely defined and often synonymously used been preserved. As it is on those remnants where terms. -
World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014 International Soil Classification System for Naming Soils and Creating Legends for Soil Maps
ISSN 0532-0488 WORLD SOIL RESOURCES REPORTS 106 World reference base for soil resources 2014 International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps Update 2015 Cover photographs (left to right): Ekranic Technosol – Austria (©Erika Michéli) Reductaquic Cryosol – Russia (©Maria Gerasimova) Ferralic Nitisol – Australia (©Ben Harms) Pellic Vertisol – Bulgaria (©Erika Michéli) Albic Podzol – Czech Republic (©Erika Michéli) Hypercalcic Kastanozem – Mexico (©Carlos Cruz Gaistardo) Stagnic Luvisol – South Africa (©Márta Fuchs) Copies of FAO publications can be requested from: SALES AND MARKETING GROUP Information Division Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00100 Rome, Italy E-mail: [email protected] Fax: (+39) 06 57053360 Web site: http://www.fao.org WORLD SOIL World reference base RESOURCES REPORTS for soil resources 2014 106 International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps Update 2015 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2015 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. -
Diagnostic Horizons
Exam III Wednesday, November 7th Study Guide Posted Tomorrow Review Session in Class on Monday the 4th Soil Taxonomy and Classification Diagnostic Horizons Epipedons Subsurface Mollic Albic Umbric Kandic Ochric Histic Argillic Melanic Spodic Plaggen Anthropic Oxic 1 Surface Horizons: Mollic- thick, dark colored, high %B.S., structure Umbric – same, but lower B.S. Ochric – pale, low O.M., thin Histic – High O.M., thick, wet, dark Sub-Surface Horizons: Argillic – illuvial accum. of clay (high activity) Kandic – accum. of clay (low activity) Spodic – Illuvial O.M. accumulation (Al and/or Fe) Oxic – highly weathered, kaolinite, Fe and Al oxides Albic – light colored, elluvial, low reactivity Elluviation and Illuviation Elluviation (E horizon) Organic matter Clays A A E E Bh horizon Bt horizon Bh Bt Spodic horizon Argillic horizon 2 Soil Taxonomy Diagnostic Epipedons Diagnostic Subsurface horizons Moisture Regimes Temperature Regimes Age Texture Depth Soil Taxonomy Soil forming processes, presence or Order Absence of major diagnostic horizons 12 Similar genesis Suborder 63 Grasslands – thick, dark Great group 250 epipedons High %B.S. Sub group 1400 Family 8000 Series 19,000 Soil Orders Entisols Histosols Inceptisols Andisols Gelisols Alfisols Mollisols Ultisols Spodosols Aridisols Vertisols Oxisols 3 Soil Orders Entisol Ent- Recent Histosol Hist- Histic (organic) Inceptisol Incept- Inception Alfisol Alf- Nonsense Ultisol Ult- Ultimate Spodosol Spod- Spodos (wood ash) Mollisol Moll- Mollis (soft) Oxisol Ox- oxide Andisol And- Ando (black) Gelisol -
Correlation Between the Polish Soil Classification (2011) and International Soil Classification System World Reference Base for Soil Resources (2015)
DE DE GRUYTER 88 OPEN CEZARY KABA£A, MARCIN ŒWITONIAK, PRZEMYS£AW CHARZYÑSKI SOIL SCIENCE ANNUAL DOI: 10.1515/ssa-2016-0012 Vol. 67 No. 2/2016: 88–100 CEZARY KABA£A1*, MARCIN ŒWITONIAK2, PRZEMYS£AW CHARZYÑSKI2 1 Wroc³aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Institute of Soil Science and Environmental Protection Grunwaldzka 53, 50-357 Wroc³aw, Poland 2 Nicolaus Copernicus University, Department of Soil Science and Landscape Management Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruñ, Poland Correlation between the Polish Soil Classification (2011) and international soil classification system World Reference Base for Soil Resources (2015) Abstract: The recent editions of the Polish Soil Classification (PSC) have supplied the correlation table with the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB), which is the international soil classification most commonly used by Polish pedologists. However, the latest WRB edition (IUSS Working Group WRB 2015) has introduced significant changes and many of the former correlations became outdated. The current paper presents the closest equivalents of the soil orders, types and subtypes of the recent edition of the PSC (2011) and WRB (IUSS Working Group WRB 2015). The proposals can be used for general correlation of soil units on maps and in databases, and may support Polish soil scientists to establish the most appropriate equivalents for soils under study, as well as make PSC more available for an international society. Keywords: Polish Soils Classification, WRB, equivalents, reference soil groups, soil types INTRODUCTION quantitative concept. Presently, the Soil Taxonomy is used in over 40 countries (Krasilnikov 2002) as a Pedology appeared in the second half of the 19th primary system for naming the soils. -
The Fractal Mind of Pedologists (Soil Taxonomists and Soil Surveyors)
Ecological Complexity 6 (2009) 286–293 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Ecological Complexity journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ecocom The fractal mind of pedologists (soil taxonomists and soil surveyors) J.J. Iba´n˜ez a,d,*, R.W. Arnold b,1,2, R.J. Ahrens c a Centro de Investigaciones Sobre Desertificacio´n, CIDE (CSIC-UV, Valencia, Spain b USDA, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Washington, DC, USA c National Soil Survey Center, USDA-NRCS, Lincoln, NE, USA d E.P.S. A´rea de Edafologı´ayQuı´mica Agrı´cola, Universidad de Burgos, Spain ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: There has been little work in science dealing with the organizational, political and scientific layering of Available online 24 June 2009 database structures as well as classifications and surveys of natural resources. There is disagreement among scientists whether taxonomies are invented (human-made constructs) or are discovered Keywords: (‘‘natural’’ structures) independent of the discipline involved. We believe it would be helpful to study the Soil survey practices nature of taxonomies from different points of view in order to examine questions such as; are there Soil taxonomies common features in all taxonomic systems?, are the systems neutral?, and how are classifications and Power laws data collection (surveys) linked? It is generally accepted that much institutional work on soil Fractals classification systems was nationally biased, especially in terms of practical land management. Mental constructs Information processing Recent studies show that the USDA soil taxonomy has the same mathematical structure as some biological ones that conform to physical laws that dictate and optimize information flow in user friendly retrieval systems. -
Conversations in Soil Taxonomy (Original Tr,.&Nscr|F't~Ons of Taped Conversations)
CONVERSATIONS IN SOIL TAXONOMY (ORIGINAL TR,.&NSCR|F'T~ONS OF TAPED CONVERSATIONS) by Guy D Smith Compiled by an editorial committee a, 'I~,e Agronomy Departmen: of Cornell University for the So~i Management Support St.:vice USD/ - Sf~ Ithaca, New York .~996 7 ¸ ~" "-2 2. z- . = .C .%- Addendum to: THE GUY SM|TH INTERVIEWS: RATIONALE FOR CONCEPTS tr~ SOIL TAXONOMY by Guy O. Smith Edited by T.P,~. Forbes Reviewed by N. Ahmad J. Comerma H. Eswaran K. Flach T.R. Forbes B. Hajek W. Johnson J. McClelland F.T. MiJqer J. Nichols J. Rourl,:e R. Rust A. Van Wambeke J. W~y S'~d Management Support Services Soil Conservation Service LL $. Dep~,rtment of Agriculture New York State Co!le,ge of Agriculture and Life Sciences Corneil University Department of Agronomy 1986 SM:~S Technical Monograph No. i I .1 o - "f Ib!e of Contents Preface ii Interview by Mike L. Leanly 1 Interview by J. Witty & R. Guthrie 37 Interview at the Agronomy Department at Corneil University 48 Interview at the Agronomy bepartn'e.'.zt at University of Minneso,m 149 Interview by H. E.qwaran 312 Lecture Given at the University of the West Indies 322 Interview at the Agronomy Department at Texas A & M University 328 Interviews b3: Coplar~ar staff & J. Comerma, Venezuela 441 #rrr Preface Many papers have been published explaining the rationale for properties and class limits used in Soil T<:txonomy, a system of .soil classificalion for making and interpreting soil surveys (U.S. Department of Agrical~.ure, 1975) before and since its publication. -
National Cooperative Soil Survey Newsletter
ational February 2013 ooperative Issue 62 N oil C urvey SS Newsletter In This Issue— 2013 National Cooperative Soil Survey Conference 2013 National Cooperative Soil Survey Conference ....................................................1 he biennial National Cooperative Soil and Site Suitability for Viticulture in the TSoil Survey (NCSS) Conference United States .................................................2 will be held June 16 to 21, 2013, at New Edition of Field Book ....................................6 Annapolis, Maryland. The conference Pedoderm and Pattern Class Workshops at will be hosted by the University of the Jornada ....................................................7 Maryland at College Park and supported Korean Soil Scientists Visit the National Soil by the Natural Resources Conservation Survey Center ................................................7 Service, the U.S. Forest Service, the Haiti Pilot Soil Survey Capacity Building Mid-Atlantic Association of Professional Initiative ..........................................................8 Soil Scientists, the Soil Science Society Map Unit Descriptions Available in Spanish of America, and the National Association on Web Soil Survey .....................................12 of Consulting Soil Scientists. NRCS Where the Sun Always Shines: Mojave personnel supporting the conference National Preserve ........................................13 include soil survey staff from Raleigh, Global Soil Week .................................................15 North Carolina; Morgantown, -
Standardised Soil Profile Data to Support Global Mapping
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 299–320, 2020 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-299-2020 © Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Standardised soil profile data to support global mapping and modelling (WoSIS snapshot 2019) Niels H. Batjes, Eloi Ribeiro, and Ad van Oostrum ISRIC – World Soil Information, Wageningen, 6708 PB, the Netherlands Correspondence: Niels H. Batjes ([email protected]) Received: 6 September 2019 – Discussion started: 16 September 2019 Revised: 17 December 2019 – Accepted: 9 January 2020 – Published: 10 February 2020 Abstract. The World Soil Information Service (WoSIS) provides quality-assessed and standardised soil profile data to support digital soil mapping and environmental applications at broadscale levels. Since the release of the first “WoSIS snapshot”, in July 2016, many new soil data were shared with us, registered in the ISRIC data repos- itory and subsequently standardised in accordance with the licences specified by the data providers. Soil profile data managed in WoSIS were contributed by a wide range of data providers; therefore, special attention was paid to measures for soil data quality and the standardisation of soil property definitions, soil property values (and units of measurement) and soil analytical method descriptions. We presently consider the following soil chemi- cal properties: organic carbon, total carbon, total carbonate equivalent, total nitrogen, phosphorus (extractable P, total P and P retention), soil pH, cation exchange capacity and electrical conductivity. We also consider the fol- lowing physical properties: soil texture (sand, silt, and clay), bulk density, coarse fragments and water retention. Both of these sets of properties are grouped according to analytical procedures that are operationally comparable. -
List M - Soils - German and French Equivalents of English Terms
LIST M - SOILS - GERMAN AND FRENCH EQUIVALENTS OF ENGLISH TERMS AMERICAN GERMAN FRENCH AMERICAN GERMAN FRENCH Acrisols Acrisol Sol-mediterraneen Gray podzolic soils Podsolierter grauer Podzol Albolls Boden Alfisols Gray warp soils Paternia Sol-peu-evolue or Alluvial soils Auen-Boden Sol-d’alluvions Sol-d’alluvions Alpine meadow soils Alpiner Wiesen- Sol-hydromorphe Gray wooded soils boden Ground-water podzols Gley-Podsol Podzol Andepts Ground-water Grundwasser- Laterite Andosols Andosol Sol-peu-evolue laterite soils Laterite roche- Grumosols Grumosol Vertisol volcanique Half bog soils Anmoor Tourbe Aqualfs Halomorphic soils Salz-Boden Sol-halomorphe Aquents Halosols Halosols Sal-halomorphe Aquepts Hemists Aquods High moor Hochmoor Tourbe Aquolls Histosols Aquox Humic gley soils Humus Gley Boden Aquults Sol-humique-a-gley Arctic tundra soils Arktische Tundra Sol-de-toundra Humic soils Humus-reiche- Sol-riche-en- Boden Boden humus Arenosols Arenosol Sol-brut sable Humods Arents Hydromorphic soils Hydromorpher- Sol-hydro- Argids Boden morphique Aridisols Inceptisols Azonal soils Roh-Boden Sol-brut Intrazonal soils Intrazonaler Boden Sol Black earth use Schwarzerde Chernozem Kastanozems Chernozems Krasnozems Krasnozem Krasnozem Bog soils Moorboden Tourbe laterites Laterit-Boden Sol-lateritique Boreal frozen taiga Sol-gele Latosols Latosol Sol-ferralitique soils Lithosols Gesteins-roh-Boden Sol-squelettique Boreal taiga and Sol Low-humic gley soils forest soils Luvisols Luvisols Sol lessivage Brown desert steppe Burozem Sierozem Mediterranean -
Topic 2 WRB MINERAL SOILS CONDITIONED by (SUB-) HUMID
TopicTopic 22 WRBWRB MINERALMINERAL SOILSSOILS CONDITIONEDCONDITIONED BYBY (SUB(SUB--)) HUMIDHUMID CLIMATECLIMATE AlbeluvisolsAlbeluvisols,, LuvisolsLuvisols andand UmbrisolsUmbrisols SoilSoil FormingForming FactorsFactors z Significant period (season) when rainfall exceeds evapo-transpiration: Excess water for redistribution. z History of glaciation and periglacial conditions. z Natural vegetation is woodland (boreal and temperate). z Three major types of Landform: - Pleistocene sedimentary lowlands: Glaciofluvial outwash; Glacial sands and Gravels: glacial till; glacio- lacustrine deposits; wind-blown silt (loess|) & sand. - Uplifted & dissected Pre-Pleistocene sedimentary ‘Cuestas’: Limestones; Sandstones & Mudstones, often with thin loess cover. - Uplifted and dissected Caledonian & Hercynian Massifs: Folded sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous rocks. CLIMATECLIMATE TheThe zonalzonal conceptconcept Boreal Forset Long-grass Steppe Tropical Rainforest Cool; P > Et Warm; P < Et Hot; P > Et Strong leaching of Weak upward flux of Leaching of mobile ions; mobile ions; mobile ions (Ca & Na); Strong mineral weathering (Fe Acidification; Salinization; & Al oxides); Low biological activity Strong biological activity; Strong biological activity; Deep rooting & & incorporation of OM Rapid OM cycling (low OC) incorporation of OM Transport of weathered products, Si, etc. ClimaticClimatic CharacteristicsCharacteristics Spring Temperature Recharge 0-50 50 – 250 250 – 500 500 1000 1000 – 2000 2000 - 3000 MainMain soilsoil formingforming processesprocesses