Short Lists of Replacement Tree Species
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CIRCULAR 153 MAY 1967 OBSERVATIONS on SPECIES of CYPRESS INDIGENOUS to the UNITED STATES Agricultural Experiment Station AUBURN UNIVERSIT Y E. V. Smith, Director Auburn, Alabama CONTENTS Page SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF CUPRESSUS STUDIED 4 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION-- 4 CONE COLLECTION 5 Cupressus arizonica var. arizonica (Arizona Cypress) 7 Cupressus arizonica var. glabra (Smooth Arizona Cypress) 11 Cupressus guadalupensis (Tecate Cypress) 11 Cupressus arizonicavar. stephensonii (Cuyamaca Cypress) 11 Cupressus sargentii (Sargent Cypress) 12 Cupressus macrocarpa (Monterey Cypress) 12 Cupressus goveniana (Gowen Cypress) 12 Cupressus goveniana (Santa Cruz Cypress) 12 Cupressus goveniana var. pygmaca (Mendocino Cypress) 12 Cupressus bakeri (Siskiyou Cypress) 13 Cupressus bakeri (Modoc Cypress) 13 Cupressus macnabiana (McNab Cypress) 13 Cupressus arizonica var. nevadensis (Piute Cypress) 13 GENERAL COMMENTS ON GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION ---------- 13 COMMENTS ON STUDYING CYPRESSES 19 FIRST PRINTING 3M, MAY 1967 OBSERVATIONS on SPECIES of CYPRESS INDIGENOUS to the UNITED STATES CLAYTON E. POSEY* and JAMES F. GOGGANS Department of Forestry THERE HAS BEEN considerable interest in growing Cupressus (cypress) in the Southeast for several years. The Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University, was the first institution in the Southeast to initiate work on the cy- presses in 1937, and since that time many states have introduced Cupressus in hope of finding a species suitable for Christmas tree production. In most cases seed for trial plantings were obtained from commercial dealers without reference to seed source or form of parent tree. Many plantings yielded a high proportion of columnar-shaped trees not suitable for the Christmas tree market. It is probable that seed used in Alabama and other Southeastern States came from only a few trees of a given geo- graphic source. -
Subalpine Larch (Larix Lyallii), Western Larch (Larix Occidentalis), and Tamarack (Larix Laricina)
Unclassified ENV/JM/MONO(2007)7 Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Economiques Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 16-May-2007 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ English - Or. English ENVIRONMENT DIRECTORATE JOINT MEETING OF THE CHEMICALS COMMITTEE AND Unclassified ENV/JM/MONO(2007)7 THE WORKING PARTY ON CHEMICALS, PESTICIDES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY Series on Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology No. 41 CONSENSUS DOCUMENT ON THE BIOLOGY OF THE NATIVE NORTH AMERICAN LARCHES: SUBALPINE LARCH (Larix lyalli), WESTERN LARCH (Larix occidentalis) AND TAMARACK (Larix laricina) English - Or. English JT03227278 Document complet disponible sur OLIS dans son format d'origine Complete document available on OLIS in its original format ENV/JM/MONO(2007)7 Also published in the Series on Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology: No. 1, Commercialisation of Agricultural Products Derived through Modern Biotechnology: Survey Results (1995) No. 2, Analysis of Information Elements Used in the Assessment of Certain Products of Modern Biotechnology (1995) No. 3, Report of the OECD Workshop on the Commercialisation of Agricultural Products Derived through Modern Biotechnology (1995) No. 4, Industrial Products of Modern Biotechnology Intended for Release to the Environment: The Proceedings of the Fribourg Workshop (1996) No. 5, Consensus Document on General Information concerning the Biosafety of Crop Plants Made Virus Resistant through Coat Protein Gene-Mediated Protection (1996) No. 6, Consensus Document on Information Used in the Assessment of Environmental Applications Involving Pseudomonas (1997) No. 7, Consensus Document on the Biology of Brassica napus L. (Oilseed Rape) (1997) No. 8, Consensus Document on the Biology of Solanum tuberosum subsp. tuberosum (Potato) (1997) No. 9, Consensus Document on the Biology of Triticum aestivum (Bread Wheat) (1999) No. -
Alpine Larch
Alpine Larch Pinaceae Pine family Stephen F. Arno Alpine larch (Lurix lyallii), also called subalpine larch and Lyall larch, is a deciduous conifer. Its com- mon name recognizes that this species oRen grows higher up on cool exposures than any other trees, thereby occupying what would otherwise be an al- pine tundra. Both early-day botanical explorers and modern visitors to the high mountains have noted this tree’s remarkable ability to form pure groves above the limits of evergreen conifers. Alpine larch inhabits remote high-mountain terrain and its wood has essentially no commercial value; however this tree is ecologically interesting and esthetically at- tractive. Growing in a very cold, snowy, and often windy environment, alpine larch usually remains small and stunted, but in windsheltered basins it sometimes attains large size-maximum 201 cm (79 in) in d.b.h. and 29 m (95 ft) in height. This species is distinguished from its lower elevation relative western larch (Larix occidentalis) by the woolly hairs that cover its buds and recent twigs, and frequently by its broad, irregular crown. Habitat Figure l-The native range of alpine larch. Native Range amounts atop numerous other ranges and peaks in western Montana and northern Idaho (4). In British Alpine larch (fig. 1) occupies a remote and rigorous Columbia and Alberta, alpine larch is common along environment, growing in and near the timberline on the Continental Divide and adjacent ranges, and in high mountains of the inland Pacific Northwest. Al- the Purcell and southern Selkirk Ranges. though alpine larch is found in both the Rocky Moun- In the Cascade Range alpine larch is found prin- tains and the Cascades, the two distributions are cipally east of the Cascade Divide and extends from separated at their closest points by 200 km (125 mi) the Wenatchee Mountains (47” 25’ N.) in central in southern British Columbia. -
Catalpa Bignonioides
Pub. No. 15 April 2016 Southern Catalpa Catalpa bignonioides by Dr. Kim D. Coder, Professor of Tree Biology & Health Care Warnell School of Forestry & Natural Resources, University of Georgia The Southern catalpa (Catalpa bignonioides) tree is a common fixture along roadsides and in old landscapes. The big green leaves and distinctive long dangling fruits are noticeable from hundreds of yards away. Although used in the past for a few wood-based products and pioneer medicines, today catalpa is used for shade trees and for growing a special caterpillar. This catalpa “worm” is prized by fishing enthusiast across the South. Family Ties The catalpa tree is a member of the Catalpa or Trumpet-Creeper family (Bignoniaceae). This family contains more than 700 species scattered around the globe, primarily in tropical and sub-tropical regions. This plant family is represented by trees, shrubs and vines in North America. The trumpet creeper (Campsis radicans), cross vine (Bignonia capreolata), and two catalpa trees (Catalpa ssp.) are the most recognized natives of this family in the Southeastern United States. The exotic Asiatic Pau- lownia tree is a member of this family and has been widely planted, now reproducing on its own. The catalpa genus (Catalpa) has 12 species spread across North America, the Caribbean basin, Eastern Asia and Japan. There are two common native catalpa trees in the United States, and one exotic (Catalpa ovata - Chinese catalpa). Catalpa speciosa is the larger and more northern growing of the two native trees. Common names for this catalpa are Northern catalpa, Western catalpa, and catawba-tree. Catalpa bignonioides is the native Southern catalpa. -
B89fd6a4824b19485ce5232ed3
Plant Pathol. J. 29(1) : 1-9 (2013) http://dx.doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.RW.05.2012.0072 The Plant Pathology Journal pISSN 1598-2254 eISSN 2093-9280 © The Korean Society of Plant Pathology Mini-Review Open Access Recent Trends in Studies on Botanical Fungicides in Agriculture Mi-Young Yoon1, Byeongjin Cha2 and Jin-Cheol Kim1* 1Eco-friendly New Materials Research Group, Division of Convergence Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 305-600, Korea 2Department of Plant Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea (Received on May 31, 2012; Revised on October 22, 2012; Accepted on November 2, 2012) Plants are attacked by various phytopathogenic fungi. use of integrated pest management (IPM), and the develop- For many years, synthetic fungicides have been used to ment of genetically modified (GM) seeds with insecticidal control plant diseases. Although synthetic fungicides are qualities. The synthetic pesticide market comprises herbi- highly effective, their repeated use has led to problems cides, fungicides, insecticides, and others, accounting for such as environmental pollution, development of re- 48%, 26%, 16%, and 10% of the total market, respectively. sistance, and residual toxicity. This has prompted inten- The pesticide market was declined over the period 1999 to sive research on the development of biopesticides, includ- 2004 because of the development of biopesticides and GM ing botanical fungicides. To date, relatively few botanical fungicides have been registered and commercialized. crops, especially herbicide-resistant seeds. However, in 2005, However, many scientists have reported isolation and the use of herbicides began to increase, partly in response to characterization of a variety of antifungal plant deriva- the increased aggressiveness of herbicide-resistant weeds, tives. -
The Coastal Scrub and Chaparral Bird Conservation Plan
The Coastal Scrub and Chaparral Bird Conservation Plan A Strategy for Protecting and Managing Coastal Scrub and Chaparral Habitats and Associated Birds in California A Project of California Partners in Flight and PRBO Conservation Science The Coastal Scrub and Chaparral Bird Conservation Plan A Strategy for Protecting and Managing Coastal Scrub and Chaparral Habitats and Associated Birds in California Version 2.0 2004 Conservation Plan Authors Grant Ballard, PRBO Conservation Science Mary K. Chase, PRBO Conservation Science Tom Gardali, PRBO Conservation Science Geoffrey R. Geupel, PRBO Conservation Science Tonya Haff, PRBO Conservation Science (Currently at Museum of Natural History Collections, Environmental Studies Dept., University of CA) Aaron Holmes, PRBO Conservation Science Diana Humple, PRBO Conservation Science John C. Lovio, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, U.S. Navy (Currently at TAIC, San Diego) Mike Lynes, PRBO Conservation Science (Currently at Hastings University) Sandy Scoggin, PRBO Conservation Science (Currently at San Francisco Bay Joint Venture) Christopher Solek, Cal Poly Ponoma (Currently at UC Berkeley) Diana Stralberg, PRBO Conservation Science Species Account Authors Completed Accounts Mountain Quail - Kirsten Winter, Cleveland National Forest. Greater Roadrunner - Pete Famolaro, Sweetwater Authority Water District. Coastal Cactus Wren - Laszlo Szijj and Chris Solek, Cal Poly Pomona. Wrentit - Geoff Geupel, Grant Ballard, and Mary K. Chase, PRBO Conservation Science. Gray Vireo - Kirsten Winter, Cleveland National Forest. Black-chinned Sparrow - Kirsten Winter, Cleveland National Forest. Costa's Hummingbird (coastal) - Kirsten Winter, Cleveland National Forest. Sage Sparrow - Barbara A. Carlson, UC-Riverside Reserve System, and Mary K. Chase. California Gnatcatcher - Patrick Mock, URS Consultants (San Diego). Accounts in Progress Rufous-crowned Sparrow - Scott Morrison, The Nature Conservancy (San Diego). -
Chile: a Journey to the End of the World in Search of Temperate Rainforest Giants
Eliot Barden Kew Diploma Course 53 July 2017 Chile: A Journey to the end of the world in search of Temperate Rainforest Giants Valdivian Rainforest at Alerce Andino Author May 2017 1 Eliot Barden Kew Diploma Course 53 July 2017 Table of Contents 1. Title Page 2. Contents 3. Table of Figures/Introduction 4. Introduction Continued 5. Introduction Continued 6. Aims 7. Aims Continued / Itinerary 8. Itinerary Continued / Objective / the Santiago Metropolitan Park 9. The Santiago Metropolitan Park Continued 10. The Santiago Metropolitan Park Continued 11. Jardín Botánico Chagual / Jardin Botanico Nacional, Viña del Mar 12. Jardin Botanico Nacional Viña del Mar Continued 13. Jardin Botanico Nacional Viña del Mar Continued 14. Jardin Botanico Nacional Viña del Mar Continued / La Campana National Park 15. La Campana National Park Continued / Huilo Huilo Biological Reserve Valdivian Temperate Rainforest 16. Huilo Huilo Biological Reserve Valdivian Temperate Rainforest Continued 17. Huilo Huilo Biological Reserve Valdivian Temperate Rainforest Continued 18. Huilo Huilo Biological Reserve Valdivian Temperate Rainforest Continued / Volcano Osorno 19. Volcano Osorno Continued / Vicente Perez Rosales National Park 20. Vicente Perez Rosales National Park Continued / Alerce Andino National Park 21. Alerce Andino National Park Continued 22. Francisco Coloane Marine Park 23. Francisco Coloane Marine Park Continued 24. Francisco Coloane Marine Park Continued / Outcomes 25. Expenditure / Thank you 2 Eliot Barden Kew Diploma Course 53 July 2017 Table of Figures Figure 1.) Valdivian Temperate Rainforest Alerce Andino [Photograph; Author] May (2017) Figure 2. Map of National parks of Chile Figure 3. Map of Chile Figure 4. Santiago Metropolitan Park [Photograph; Author] May (2017) Figure 5. -
Thermogenesis, Flowering and the Association with Variation in Floral Odour Attractants in Magnolia Sprengeri (Magnoliaceae)
Thermogenesis, Flowering and the Association with Variation in Floral Odour Attractants in Magnolia sprengeri (Magnoliaceae) Ruohan Wang1, Sai Xu1,3, Xiangyu Liu2, Yiyuan Zhang1, Jianzhong Wang1, Zhixiang Zhang2* 1 National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory for Genetics and Breeding of Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University,Beijing, China, 2 Lab of Systematic Evolution and Biogeography of Woody Plants, College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University,Beijing, China, 3 School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China Abstract Magnolia sprengeri Pamp. is an ornamentally and ecologically important tree that blooms at cold temperatures in early spring. In this study, thermogenesis and variation in the chemical compounds of floral odours and insect visitation in relation to flowering cycles were studied to increase our understanding of the role of floral thermogenesis in the pollination biology of M. sprengeri. There were five distinct floral stages across the floral cycle of this species: pre-pistillate, pistillate, pre- staminate, staminate and post-staminate. Floral thermogenesis during anthesis and consisted of two distinct peaks: one at the pistillate stage and the other at the staminate stage. Insects of five families visited M. sprengeri during the floral cycle, and sap beetles (Epuraea sp., Nitidulidae) were determined to be the most effective pollinators, whereas bees (Apis cerana, Apidae) were considered to be occasional pollinators. A strong fragrance was released during thermogenesis, consisting of 18 chemical compounds. Although the relative proportions of these compounds varied at different floral stages across anthesis, linalool, 1-iodo-2-methylundecane and 2,2,6-trimethyl-6-vinyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-ol were dominant. -
Amelanchier Alnifolia. Araucaria Araucana
Woodland Garden Plants The present-day cultivation of large areas of single annual crops such as wheat might seem, on the surface, to be a very productive and efficient use of land (average wheat yields this century have increased more than three-fold to over 3 tons per acre). When other factors are taken into account, however, it can be argued that this is a very unproductive and unsustainable use of the land. A woodland, on the other hand, might seem to be a very unproductive area for human food (unless you happen to like eating acorns). By choosing the right species, however, a woodland garden can produce a larger crop of food than the same area of wheat, will require far less work to manage it and will be able to be sustainably harvested without harm to the soil or the environment in general. I do not intend to go into any more details of the pros and cons of annuals versus perennials here. If you would like more information on this subject then please see our leaflet Why Perennials. One of the main reasons why a woodland garden can be so productive is that such a wide range of plants can be grown together, making much more efficient use of the land. The greater the diversity of plants being grown together then the greater the overall growth of plant matter there is. Thus you can have tall growing trees with smaller trees and shrubs that can tolerate some shade growing under them. Climbing plants can make their own ways up the trees and shrubs towards the light, whilst shade- tolerant herbaceous plants and bulbs can grow on the woodland floor. -
Pharmaceutical Applications of a Pinyon Oleoresin;
PHARMAC E UT I CAL A PPL ICAT IONS OF A PINYON OLEORESIN by VICTOR H. DUKE A thesis submitted to the faculty of the University of Utah in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Pharmacognosy College of Pharmacy University of Utah May, 1961 LIBRARY UNIVERSITY elF UTAH I I This Thesis for the Ph. D. degree by Victor H. Duke has been approved by Reader, Supervisory Head, Major Department iii Acknowledgements The author wishes to acknowledge his gratitude to each of the following: To Dr. L. David Hiner, his Dean, counselor, and friend, who suggested the problem and encouraged its completion. To Dr. Ewart A. Swinyard, critical advisor and respected teacher, for inspiring his original interest in pharmacology. To Dr. Irving B. McNulty and Dr. Robert K. Vickery, true gentlemen of the botanical world, for patiently intro ducing him to its wonders. To Dr. Robert V. Peterson, an amiable faculty con sultant, for his unstinting assistance. To his wife, Shirley and to his children, who have worked with him, worried with him, and who now have succeeded with him. i v TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. REPORTED USES OF PINYON OLEORESI N 6 A. Internal Uses 6 B. External Uses 9 III. GENUS PINUS 1 3 A. Introduction 13 B. Pinyon Pines 14 1. Pinus edulis Engelm 18 2. Pinus monophylla Torr. and Frem. 23 3. Anatomy 27 (a) Leaves 27 (b) Bark 27 (c) Wood 30 IV. COLLECTION OF THE OLEORESIN 36 A. Ch ip Method 40 B. -
Morphology and Morphogenesis of the Seed Cones of the Cupressaceae - Part II Cupressoideae
1 2 Bull. CCP 4 (2): 51-78. (10.2015) A. Jagel & V.M. Dörken Morphology and morphogenesis of the seed cones of the Cupressaceae - part II Cupressoideae Summary The cone morphology of the Cupressoideae genera Calocedrus, Thuja, Thujopsis, Chamaecyparis, Fokienia, Platycladus, Microbiota, Tetraclinis, Cupressus and Juniperus are presented in young stages, at pollination time as well as at maturity. Typical cone diagrams were drawn for each genus. In contrast to the taxodiaceous Cupressaceae, in Cupressoideae outgrowths of the seed-scale do not exist; the seed scale is completely reduced to the ovules, inserted in the axil of the cone scale. The cone scale represents the bract scale and is not a bract- /seed scale complex as is often postulated. Especially within the strongly derived groups of the Cupressoideae an increased number of ovules and the appearance of more than one row of ovules occurs. The ovules in a row develop centripetally. Each row represents one of ascending accessory shoots. Within a cone the ovules develop from proximal to distal. Within the Cupressoideae a distinct tendency can be observed shifting the fertile zone in distal parts of the cone by reducing sterile elements. In some of the most derived taxa the ovules are no longer (only) inserted axillary, but (additionally) terminal at the end of the cone axis or they alternate to the terminal cone scales (Microbiota, Tetraclinis, Juniperus). Such non-axillary ovules could be regarded as derived from axillary ones (Microbiota) or they develop directly from the apical meristem and represent elements of a terminal short-shoot (Tetraclinis, Juniperus). -
The Anatomy of Spruce Needles '
THE ANATOMY OF SPRUCE NEEDLES ' By HERBERT F. MARCO 2 Junior forester. Northeastern Forest Experiment Station,^ Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture INTRODUCTION In 1865 Thomas (16) * made a comparative study of the anatomy of conifer leaves and fomid that the structural variations exhibited by the different species warranted taxonomic considération. Since that time leaf anatomy has become a fertile and interesting field of research. Nearly all genera of gymnosperms have received some attention, and the literature on this subject has become voluminous. A detailed review of the literature will not be attempted in this paper, since com- prehensive reviews have already been published by Fulling (6) and Lacassagne (11). FuUing's paper contains in addition an extensive bibliography on conifer leaf anatomy. Most workers in tMs field of research have confined their efforts to the study of the cross sections of needles. This is partly because longitudinal sections are difficult to obtain and partly because they present but little structural variation of value for identification. The workers who have studied both longitudinal and cross sections have restricted their descrii)tions of longitudinal sections either to specific tissues or to a few species of a large number of genera, and the descrip- tions, although comprehensive, leave much to be desired from the standpoint of detailed information and illustration. Domer (S) was perhaps the first to use sketches to augment keys to and descriptions of the native firs and spruces. His diagrammatic sketches portray the shape of the needles in cross section and the position of the resin canals. Durrell (4) went a step further and illustrated his notes on the North American conifers by camera-lucida drawing^ depicting the orientation and arrangement of the various needle tissues in cross section.