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THERAPEUTICS 173 THERAPEUTICS investigate the hepatoprotective effect of the plant extracts against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) NPARR 4(3), 2013-0312 Ethnobotanical survey induced hepatocyte damage in vitro and liver of malaria prophylactic remedies in Odisha, injury in vivo. These results suggested that TFA India protected mice against CCl4-induced liver injury through antioxidant stress and antiinflammatory An ethnobotanical survey was carried out effects. This finding justified the use of this plant among 20 traditional healers who were sampled in traditional medicine for the treatment of liver based on recommendations of local elders and diseases [Guo Ai, Qingchuan Liu, Wei Hua, local non-government organizations. Data were Zhengming Huang* and Dewen Wang collected through semi-structured interview. The (Department of Pharmacy, 302 Hospital of PLA, study revealed the use of 16 traditional plant Beijing 100039, PR China), Journal of species belonging to 12 families for prevention of Ethnopharmacology, 2013, 146( 3), 794-802] malaria. Andrographis paniculata, Azadirachta indica, Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, Ocimum NPARR 4(3), 2013-0314 Study on the sanctum, Piper nigrum, Zingiber officinale were mechanism of the bronchodilatory effects of the most commonly reported plants for their Cynodon dactylon Linn. and identification of malaria prophylactic use by the healers of three the active ingredient districts of Odisha. Most of the remedies were used in decoction form. Findings of this study In the traditional medicine, Cynodon provide a lead to explore traditional plants for dactylon Linn. is used in asthma, but scientific malaria preventive potential through further pre- studies to provide evidence for medicinal uses are clinical and clinical studies [Prakash B. sparse. Thus this study was undertaken to provide Nagendrappa , Muruli P. Naik and Unnikrishnan evidence for medicinal use in asthma as a Payyappallimana* ( Institute of Ayurveda and bronchodilator, and to identify active Integrative Medicine (I-AIM), (Formerly ingredient(s). In vivo, acetylcholine (Ach)- Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health induced bronchospasm was conducted in guinea Traditions, FRLHT) No. 74/2, Jarakabande kaval, pig while isolated rat tracheal strip was Attur P.O., Via Yelahanka, Bangalore-560 106, suspended in organ bath to measure the Karnataka, India), Journal of concentration response curve using multichannel Ethnopharmacology, 2013, 146( 3), 768-772]. data acquisition system. The chloroform extract of Cynodon dactylon (CECD) protected against NPARR 4(3), 2013-0313 Hepatoprotective Ach-induced bronchospasm in guinea pigs, evaluation of the total flavonoids extracted similar to atropine. In the in vitro studies, CECD + from flowers of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) relaxed carbachol (CCh) and high K -induced Medic: In vitro and in vivo studies contraction of rat tracheal strip, similar to atropine and verapamil respectively, suggesting The decoction of the flowers of antimuscarinic and calcium channel blocking Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic is traditionally (CCB) activities, which were confirmed by right used for the treatment of jaundice and various ward shifting of CCh and Ca+2 concentration types of chronic and acute hepatitis in Anhui and response curve (CRC). The phosphodiestrase Jiangsu Provinces of China. Phytochemical (PDE) inhibitory activity was confirmed by studies have indicated that total flavonoids potentiation of isoprenaline-induced inhibitory extracted from flowers of Abelmoschus manihot response, similar to papaverine. Densitometry (L.) Medic (TFA) were the major constituents of analyses led to the identification of scopoletin as the flowers. The present study was designed to an active ingredient. Effectively, it significantly 174 NAT PROD RESOUR REPOS, VOL. 4, NO. 3, 2013 inhibited high K+, and Ca+2 induced contractile group B was left untreated up to the end of study. response, similar to verapamil. The Test groups were treated with 127.6 mg/kg and phosphodiestrase (PDE) inhibitory activity was 255.2 mg/kg of test drug and standard control confirmed by direct evidence of potentiation of with Cystone (750 mg/kg) for 21 days. At the end isoprenaline-induced inhibitory response, similar of experiment, number of crystals in urine and to papaverine. These results suggest that the levels of calcium, phosphorus, urea and bronchodilator activity of CECD is partly due to creatinine in serum were observed. presence of scopoletin, and mediated possibly Histopathological study of the kidney was done through CCB and PDE inhibition [Maulik R. by light microscopy. Urine microscopy showed Patel, Yagnik S. Bhalodia*, Nimish L. Pathak, significant reduction (p<0.001 and p<0.01) in the Maulik S. Patel, Kunal Suthar, Nilesh Patel, number of crystals in test groups A and B Dharmesh K. Golwala and Nurudin P. Jivani (C. respectively. Serum levels of calcium, U. Shah College of Pharmacy and Research, phosphorous, and blood urea were found to be Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, C. U. Shah decreased significantly in all the groups. In both University, Opp. I.B.P. Petrol Pump, the test groups, serum creatinine level was found Surendranagar–Ahmedabad Highway, Wadhwan to be similar as in plain control. The animals 363030, Surendranagar, Gujarat, India), Journal treated with test drug showed much improvement of Ethnopharmacology, 2013, 150(3), 946-952]. in body weight. Histopathology of kidney showed almost normal kidney architecture in NPARR 4(3), 2013-0315 Efficacy of Adiantum treated groups. The above findings indicate the capillus-veneris Linn. in chemically induced antiurolithic activity of Adiantum capillus- urolithiasis in rats veneris Linn. and thus, validate the claims of Unani physicians for its medicinal use in Ethnopharmacological relevance: urolithiasis [Ajij Ahmed*, Abdul Wadud, Adiantum capillus veneris Linn has been Nasreen Jahan, Alia Bilal and Syeda Hajera recommended in ancient literature of Unani (Department of Ilmul Avia Pharmacology, system of medicine as an important ingredient of National Institute of Unani Medicine, many formulations for the treatment of Kottigepalaya, Magadi Main Road, Bangalore urolithiasis. Its decoction has long been used for 560091, India), Journal of Ethnopharmacology, the same purpose by several Unani physicians. 2013, 146(1), 411-416]. To investigate the antiurolithiasic effect of the hydro alcoholic extracts of Adiantum capillus - veneris Linn. in male Sprague Dawley rats. The NPARR 4(3), 2013-0316 Anti-inflammatory effects of oral administration of hydro alcoholic effects of Viola tricolor gel in a model of extract of test drug were studied on calcium sunburn in rats and the gel stability study oxalate urolithiasis. A total of 48 rats were used for the study. The animals were divided into six Viola tricolor, popularly known as groups of eight animals each. Plain control rats heartsease has been empirically used in several were treated with distilled water only, throughout skin disorders, including burns. The objective of the study period, whereas in other groups this study was investigate the antinociceptive and nephrolithiasis was induced by providing antiinflammatory effect of a gel containing drinking water containing 0.75% ethylene glycol extract of Viola tricolor flowers on thermal burn and 1% ammonium chloride for 7 days. induced by UVB irradiation and to perform gel Thereafter, urine was examined for the presence stability study. The antinociceptive and anti- of crystals. Negative control group A rats were inflammatory effect were evaluated by static and sacrificed after 7 days, whereas negative control dynamic mechanical allodynia model, paw THERAPEUTICS 175 edema, and neutrophilic cell infiltration. hypersensitive immune responses in AD. The Metabolites compounds were quantified by mechanism of action was also investigated using HPLC. The gel stability study was performed HaCaT cells. We investigated the topical effects analyzing organoleptical aspects, besides pH, of Catalpa ovata stem bark on AD-like skin viscosity, and quantification of rutin by HPLC. lesions in NC/Nga mice. Five category- In the results were evidenced changes in experiments were performed, including threshold in statical and dynamic mechanical assessment of dermatitis score; histological allodynia (Imax=100±10% and 49±10%, analysis of dorsal skin lesions; quantitative respectively), paw edema (Imax=61±6%), and measurement of serum total IgE; quantitative myeloperoxidase activity (Imax=89±5%). Such measurement of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL- effects may be attributed, in part, to rutin, 6, IL-13, TNF-α) from dorsal tissue; and RT-PCR salicylic and chlorogenic acids, and others analysis of for TSLP and TARC mRNA compounds found in this species. No important expression in HaCaT cells. changes were detected in the stability study, in all aspects analyzed in temperature below 25 °C. The clinical dermatitis score was These findings suggest that Viola tricolor gel has significantly lower in Catalpa ovata extract an antinociceptive and antiinflammatory effect in (COE) groups than in the control group. the ultraviolet-B-induced burn, since maintain the Histological analysis showed that COE inhibited temperature below 25 °C. [Mariana Piana, hypertrophy and hyperkeratosis of the epidermis, Mariane Arnoldi Silva, Gabriela Trevisan, Thiele intracellular edema, and reduced the infiltration Faccim de Brum, Cássia Regina Silva, Aline of inflammatory cells. COE significantly Augusti Boligon, Sara Marchesan Oliveira, inhibited