East Hill Tree Farm Nursery for Hardy Fruit Trees, Nuts, and Berry Plants

Plant List for 2020

3499 East Hill Rd Nicko Rubin Plainfield, VT 05667 [email protected] 802-454-7874 www.easthilltreefarm.com1 Nursery East Hill Tree Farm offers a wide range of hardy fruit trees, seedling nut trees, and berry plants. We manage organically and grow our plants in living soil. We strive to garden like the forest, endeavoring not to plant single trees but to establish whole ecologies. We want you to succeed! We are happy to take the time to answer any questions you may have in order to ensure the success of your plantings. We sell rock minerals and fertilizers to improve your soil as well as screen and fencing to protect your trees from deer and rodents. Edible Landscaping Services We provide a range of services, from consultation to complete design and installation with ongoing seasonal maintenance including soil amending and pruning. We understand that client participation is essential to the success of any design. We will work with you to determine what is appropriate for you and your site and provide information and education for future management.

East Hill Tree Farm provides the resources to empower communities in the Winooski Valley and beyond to engage the landscape, enhancing the physical and spiritual vitality for all inhabitants.

2 Visiting East Hill Tree Farm We are open weekends beginning mid April. We have open hours Saturday 9-4:30 and Sunday from 10-4:30 or by appointment (call Nicko at 802-454-7874 or email [email protected]). We are establishing experimental and demonstration plantings. Please come out for a visit! We are happy to show you our projects, from compost to kiwis.

Directions to the nursery at 3499 East Hill Rd: Via Route 2 Via 302 -Turn into the village of Plainfield at the - About 3.7 miles from Barre, turn onto blinking light. Reservoir Rd. Continue into Plainfield -Stay straight on Main St., go past the (becomes Brook Rd). Go a total of 5.5 Plainfield Co-op and up a little hill to a miles. fork in the road. -Turn right onto East Hill Rd. -Bear right onto East Hill Rd. -Travel 1 mile, the nursery is at the crest -Travel exactly 3.5 miles on East Hill Rd. of the hill on the right, just before the There is a brick house on the right and barn. a barn on the left. The nursery is just beyond the barn.

Table of Contents: APPLES 4-9 CURRANTS 20-21 PEARS 10-11 GOOSEBERRIES 21 PLUMS 12-13 HARDY KIWI 21-22 CHERRIES 14 ADDITIONAL SMALL FRUITS 22-24 PEACHES 15 USEFUL & ORNAMENTAL SPECIES 25-26 QUINCE 15 ROCK MINERALS 27-28 MULBERRY 15 OUR SERVICES 29 NUT TREES 16-18 PRUNING 30 BLUEBERRIES 19-20

East Hill Tree Farm is located on unceded Abenaki land. We acknowledge that we are guests in this place and seek to listen to and care for the land while offering acts of repair for the deep privilege of being here. We donate a percent of income to support Abenaki Cultural Restoration and the Abenaki Nation of Missisquoi.

Back cover by Mary Azarian. Scratchboards by Erik Gillard. Woodcuts and cover by Nicko Rubin. 3 Fruit Trees Fruit trees provide an awesome low maintenance resource which can last for generations. A few moments of planning and consideration often mean the difference between an abundance of fruit and a dead stick in the mud. In many cases it is important to plant multiple varieties of the same species for pollination. Fruit trees prefer a well drained location. Near the crest of a slope is preferable to the concave foot of the slope on most Vermont soils. Fertile garden soil is great for fruit trees but many sites will work well given a bit of compost and appropriate mineral amendments. Flowers and fruit will form on branches in the sun; so give trees as close to full sun as possible. A regular breeze will help reduce insect and fungal pests. If needed, pruning should be done in winter or early spring when the trees are dormant. The most common fatal errors include planting trees in wet locations and failing to protect trees from deer and rodents.

APPLES (Malus spp.) 3-4 ft $49 Apples, native to Central 4-6 ft $65 Asia, have become an integral member of the New England community. Once established, an apple tree can produce an abundance of fruit for generations. There are thousands of named apple varieties and new varieties being named all the time. Apples thrive in Vermont but are subject to a wide range of diseases and pests. Varieties selected for resistance to disease make it easier to grow high quality, attractive fruits, with better storage qualities. We have selected varieties that perform well in the local growing conditions, many of which are highly resistant to scab or other common apple diseases. You need to have at least two trees for pollination. Apples are common enough in Vermont that you can often get away with planting one if a neighbor has a few trees. Wild trees or crab apples growing nearby can also serve as pollinators. More pollen often means more and larger fruit. Full size trees should be planted 25-35 feet apart, semi-dwarf trees 12-25 feet apart.

4 APPLE VARIETIES Variety Roots Season Description Baldwin Standard October A truly all purpose old American variety. Especially great for pies. Yellow with red blush. Good resistance to pest and disease. Keeps well. Heirloom Bethel Standard October Heirloom from Bethel VT. Red striped fruit are crunchy with a rich sweet flavor. very little acidity when fully ripe. 100+ year old specimen here on the farm. Black Oxford M7 October Gorgeous deep purple fruit with yellow flesh and excellent intense sweet tart flavor. Heirloom. Keeper. Blue Standard August- Red fruit ripens over a long period. Great for baking. Pearmain September Makes lovely red sauce. Good fresh eating. Vigorous. Scab resistant. Heirloom. Cabot Russet M111 September- Exciting vigorous and hardy russet found in Cabot VT. October The firm fruit are sweet and tart. Calville Blanc M111 October- Pale green conical apple with light russeting. Tart, sweet, d’Hiver November aromatic flavor made it famous for baking. Heirloom. Apple Rootstock Information Canadian Standard Late Juicy and tart. Excellent big fruity flavor. Blushed orange StrawberryMost all fruit trees are propagatedSeptember via grafting.red over yellow.A branch or bud (scion) of a specific variety is attached to a compatible root-sytem (rootstock). The rootstock Centennial Standard Late August Lovely red over orange 1.5 to 2 inch fruit stand out for Crabdetermines size and some growth characteristicstheir superb ofspritely the tree. flavor. WePerfect offer for treesfresh eating. on standard and semidwarf rootstocks. Full-dwarf trees may be available upon request. Chestnut Standard September Very sweet and flavorful small apples. Zippy and perhaps CrabWe recommend standard trees afor little their nutty. Excellent robustness for fresh andeating longevity. cider and Semidwarf trees may come into full bearingpreserves. sooner than standards and do not grow Claygateas large (aboutStandard 15 ft with pruning).Late However,Juicy tender they andare aromatictypically green-yellow not as long fruit. lived Complex Pearmainor well anchored. SemidwarfSeptember trees mustflavor have depens some with pruning a few andweeks may storage. need Resistant staking. to Semidwarf trees may not be hardy in thescab coldest and easy parts to grow. of the Heirloom. state. WeKeeper. recommend Cortlandsemidwarf treeStandard for those willingSeptember to undertakePopular crispa little tart more old variety. management Great fresh or eating with and limited space. baking. CrimsonFull size treesB118 shouldSeptember be plantedCrimson 25-35 red feet fruit apart.are firm and crisp with a nice tart CrispSemi-dwarf trees (M7 or M111)flavor. 12-25 Stores feet well. apart. Scab resistant with an open growth Full-dwarf rootstocks (such as B9) requirepattern. permanent staking and careful attention Crimsonto the soil, considerStandard, the vegetableLate garden.New Not disease for resistantbeginners. variety with crisp juicy flesh and Topaz M7, M111 September good sweet sharp flavor. Easy to grow. Standard: Antanovka,vigorous M7: Semidwarf (50-65% standard). Criterionand disease resistantStandard full sizeOctober trees. Tangyreliably and tart. productive, Excellent fresh hardy eating. and resistant quick to to With a little TLC these trees can last browning.bear. Also May great need for staking cider. early in life. generations. Dabinette B118 October High B9:sugar andHardy very Full high dwarftannins rootstock make this an (30% M111: Semidwarf or semi-standard outstandingstandard). cider Compactapple adding and body quick and deepto bear flavor. (80% standard) Vigorous and adaptable Red-brownheavy stripedcrops. fruit.Will need permanent disease resistant rootstock. Needs no staking and very good soil. Daytonstaking. Standard, August A firm, sweet, juicy, red apple, mild flavor. Highly scab M7 resistant. Excellent backyard apple. B118: Budagovsky 118. Semidwarf Dolgo(85% standard).Standard Reliably productive,Late August Produces abundant sweet, flavorful, deep red 1inch hardy, and vigorous. Needs no staking. apples. Heavy bloomer, often planted as an ornamental flowering crab. Great for jelly. Duchess Standard August- Tart and juicy large red fruit are good for fresh eating 5 September but outstanding for pies and sauce. Bears abundantly. Heirloom. Ergermont M7 September A classic russet. Delicate very sweet nutty flavor. Dry Russett flesh is firm but not crunchy. Keeps. Heirloom. Esopus M7 October Crisp, juicy, sweet, and tart. Great fresh eating or Spitzenburg cooking. Yellow blushed red. NY heirloom. Fussy grower. Fireside Standard Late Hardy heavy bearing child of Macintosh. AKA Connel. September The large fruit are excellent for eating and cooking Florina September- Vigorous and disease resistant trees bear beautiful October purple fruit. Crisp and juicy with a nice mild flavor. Keeper. Frostbite Standard September- Formerly ‘MN 447’. Small striped red over yellow fruit October are extremely sweet with intense, tropical molasses flavor. Crisp, firm, and juicy. Excellent for cider. Golden Standard, September- Very sweet hard fruit, stores all winter. One of the best Russet M7, M111 October sweet sharp cider varieties. Heirloom. Goldrush M7, B118 Late October Crisp, sweet, and flavorful. Highly disease resistant and a great keeper. Flavor improves with storage. Hadlock M111 September- Juicy and flavorful cross between mac and golden russet. Reinnette October Russeted skin with firm dense flesh. Haralred Standard Early Hard crisp apples which keep well into winter. Good for October cooking and fresh eating. Prone to biennial bearing once mature. Naturally stays 15-20’. Hardy. Harrison Standard October A crab selected for hard cider. High sugar, tart rich flavor and some astringency. Hewes Standard October Fruit are small sweet and flavorful. Clear flavorful just is Virginia Crab great for hard cider. Heavy bloomer. Honeycrisp Standard Late Exciting, super-crisp and juicy apple variety. Large, tasty, September attractive fruit stores into winter. Honeygold M7 October A very hardy offspring of Golden Delicious. Sweet rich flavor. Stores well. Horse B118 October Tart, crisp and aromatic. Great dried and in pies. heavy (limited) annual bearer. Heirloom. Sweetens in storage. Hudson’s M111 October Large conical russeted fruit are sweet, tart, and flavorful. Golden Gem Good disease resistance. Keeps well. Jonafree Standard September Bears heavy crops of weet, crisp and aromatic fruit. Bright flavor with very little acidity. Great fresh eating. Scab resistant. Juicebox Standard,M September The first East Hill introduction. Explosively juicy, crunchy, 7 sweet, and highly flavorful small yellow apples. Quick to bear. Perfect for filling pockets. Kingston M111, B118 October Quintessential cider variety. A great balance of sweet, Black sharp, and tannin. Medium sized deep red fruit. Liberty Standard, Late Productive new variety, resistant to scab and cedar apple M7 September rust. Crisp, juicy, and sweet. Keeps well. Robust and vigorous. An excellent apple for a home orchard. Macfree B118 Late Sweet and aromatic. Similar to its parent macintosh but September with firmer flesh and dramatically improved disease resistance. Macoun M7 Late A Macintosh type with crisp white flesh and very nice September- balanced flavor. Great for fresh eating. October Major Standard Late August- Early ripening bittersweet cider variety. High acid, high September sugar. Melba Standard Late August- Sweet slightly tart Mac cross. Flesh is crisp and bright September white. Nonared Standard September A small (1.5 in) deep red apple with deep red flesh and magenta flowers. Interesting tart flavor. A great addition for red sauce or pies. Found in East Montpelier. Novamac Standard, October Great production and disease resistance. Firm crisp and B118 juicy with pleasant mild acidity. Pear Apple Standard October An E. Montpelier heirloom. Almost fully russeted, over light green. Very firm sweet and flavorful. Great for fresh eating and pies. Hardy, vigorus grower. Pitmaston Standard September Smallish russeted yellow fruit bursting with sweet and Pineapple acidic flavor with a solid hint of pineapple. Heirloom Pixi Standard September- Smallish (2 in) red/purple fruit of this new disease and M7 October resistant variety are sweet with a bright spritely flavor. We love it. Pomfret Pink Early Red Skin bleeds into white flesh. Introduced by carter September Wilkie in Pomfret, VT. High sugar and complex flavor. Pristine Standard August Crisp, very sweet yellow apples are excellent for fresh eating and baking. An easy early apple for the home orchard. Red Baron Standard Late Hardy, productive, quick to start bearing. Striped red September fruit are sweet and mild. Good for fresh eating, pies, and sauce. Some resistant to scab and fireblight. Reine De Standard September Firm fleshed apple with big fruity flavor. Juicy, sweet, and Reinette and M7 tart. Light russet over red blushed fruit. In the slow food ‘Ark of Taste’. Heirloom Ribston Standard September- Highly aromatic and flavorful parent of cox. Sweet and Pippin October sharp, great fresh eating baking or cider. Conical red orange striped fruit. Rubinette Standard September- A cross between golden delicious and cox orange pippin. and M7 October Perhaps our best tasting apple. Red orange striped over yellow with light russeting. Snowsweet Standard September Lovely red fruit with a excellent sweet, slightly tart taste. and M7 White slow to oxidize flesh. Some resistance to scab and fireblight. Stembridge Standard October Bittersweet cider variety from England. Has some acidity, Cluster and not too bad for eating. Hardy and productive. Sweet Standard, Late A red striped apple with excellent unusual flavor “like Sixteen M7, B9 September cherry candy”. Resistant to fireblight and somewhat resistant to scab. Tolman Standard October Distinct sweet flavor grows on you. Firm slightly dry Sweet flesh with little acidity. Yellow, slightly lumpy appearance. Heirloom. Wealthy M7 September Prolific multi-purpose apple. Crisp, sweet, and tart and quick to bear. Heirloom Westfield Standard September Rich honey flavor, slightly buttery but firm texture. Mildly Seek-No- tart. Very good all purpose apple. Heirloom. Further Wickson Standard, October Extremely high sugar and acidity make wicks a great B118 cider apple. Quick to bear and heavy cropping. 1-2” red fruit. Williams Standard August- Spicy, full flavored scab immune early apple. Medium red Pride September fruit. Winecrisp M7 October Outstanding crisp fruity flavor comes from Cox parentage. Deep red color. Resistant to scab and fireblight. Yarlington M111 October Bittersweet cider variety with good aromatics. Heavy Mill cropping. Well suited to Vermont. Zabergau Standard, October A big crunchy russet packed with a zing of sweet sharp M111 flavor. A new favorite. Keeps well. Zestar! Standard Late August Exceptionally sweet and flavorful new variety. Excellent for fresh eating and cooking. Stores well for an early apple. Resistant to fireblight. Variety Roots Season Description Baldwin Standard October A truly all purpose old American variety. Especially great for pies. Yellow with red blush. Good resistance to pest and disease. Keeps well. Heirloom Bethel Standard October Heirloom from Bethel VT. Red striped fruit are crunchy with a rich sweet flavor. very little acidity when fully ripe. 100+ year old specimen here on the farm. Black Oxford M7 October Gorgeous deep purple fruit with yellow flesh and excellent intense sweet tart flavor. Heirloom. Keeper. Blue Standard August- Red fruit ripens over a long period. Great for baking. Pearmain September Makes lovely red sauce. Good fresh eating. Vigorous. Scab resistant. Heirloom. APPLECabot Russet VARIETIESM111 September- (continued)Exciting vigorous and hardy russet found in Cabot VT. Variety Roots OctoberSeason The firm fruit are sweetDescription and tart. BaldwinCalville Blanc StandardM111 OctoberOctober- APale truly green all purposeconical apple old American with light variety. russeting. Especially Tart, sweet, great d’Hiver November foraromatic pies. Yellow flavor withmade red it famous blush. Good for baking. resistance Heirloom. to pest Canadian Standard Late Juicyand disease. and tart. Keeps Excellent well. bigHeirloom fruity flavor. Blushed orange BethelStrawberry Standard OctoberSeptember Heirloomred over yellow. from Bethel VT. Red striped fruit are crunchy Centennial Standard Late August Lovelywith a richred oversweet orange flavor. 1.5very to little 2 inch acidity fruit when stand fullyout ripe.for Crab their100+ superbyear old spritely specimen flavor. here Perfect on the for farm. fresh eating. ChestnutBlack Oxford StandardM7 SeptemberOctober VeryGorgeous sweet deep and flavorfulpurple fruit small with apples. yellow Zippy flesh and and perhaps Crab aexcellent little nutty. intense Excellent sweet for tart fresh flavor. eating Heirloom. cider and Keeper. Blue Standard August- Redpreserves. fruit ripens over a long period. Great for baking. September ClaygatePearmain Standard Late JuicyMakes tender lovely and red aromaticsauce. Good green-yellow fresh eating. fruit. Vigorous. Complex Pearmain September flavorScab resistant. depens with Heirloom. a few weeks storage. Resistant to Cabot Russet M111 September- Excitingscab and vigorous easy to grow.and hardy Heirloom. russet Keeper. found in Cabot VT. October Cortland Standard September PopularThe firm crisp fruit tartare sweetold variety. and tart.Great fresh eating and Calville Blanc M111 October- Palebaking. green conical apple with light russeting. Tart, sweet, d’Hiver November Crimson B118 September Crimsonaromatic flavorred fruit made are itfirm famous and crispfor baking. with a Heirloom. nice tart CanadianCrisp Standard Late Juicyflavor. and Stores tart. well. Excellent Scab resistantbig fruity with flavor. an Blushed open growth orange Strawberry September pattern.red over yellow. CrimsonCentennial Standard,Standard Late August NewLovely disease red over resistant orange variety 1.5 to with2 inch crisp fruit juicy stand flesh out and for TopazCrab M7, M111 September goodtheir superbsweet sharp spritely flavor. flavor. Easy Perfect to grow. for fresh eating. CriterionChestnut Standard OctoberSeptember TangyVery sweet and tart. and Excellent flavorful smallfresh apples.eating. Zippyresistant and to perhaps Crab browning.a little nutty. Also Excellent great for for cider. fresh eating cider and preserves. Dabinette B118 October High sugar and very high tannins make this an Claygate Standard Late outstandingJuicy tender ciderand aromatic apple adding green-yellow body and fruit. deep Complex flavor. Pearmain September flavorRed-brown depens striped with afruit. few weeks storage. Resistant to Dayton Standard, August Ascab firm, and sweet, easy juicy,to grow. red Heirloom.apple, mild Keeper. flavor. Highly scab Cortland StandardM7 September Popularresistant. crisp Excellent tart old backyard variety. apple. Great fresh eating and Dolgo Standard Late August Producesbaking. abundant sweet, flavorful, deep red 1inch Crimson B118 September Crimsonapples. Heavy red fruitbloomer, are firm often and planted crisp withas an a ornamentalnice tart Crisp flavor.flowering Stores crab. well. Great Scab for resistant jelly. with an open growth Duchess Standard August- pattern.Tart and juicy large red fruit are good for fresh eating September but outstanding for pies and sauce. Bears abundantly. Crimson Standard, Late New disease resistant variety with crisp juicy flesh and Heirloom. Topaz M7, M111 September good sweet sharp flavor. Easy to grow. Ergermont M7 September A classic russet. Delicate very sweet nutty flavor. Dry Criterion Standard October Tangy and tart. Excellent fresh eating. resistant to Russett flesh is firm but not crunchy. Keeps. Heirloom. browning. Also great for cider. Esopus M7 October Crisp, juicy, sweet, and tart. Great fresh eating or B118 October High sugar and very high tannins make this an SpitzenburgDabinette cooking. Yellow blushed red. NY heirloom. Fussy grower. outstanding cider apple adding body and deep flavor. Fireside Standard Late Red-brownHardy heavy striped bearing fruit. child of Macintosh. AKA Connel. September The large fruit are excellent for eating and cooking Dayton Standard, August A firm, sweet, juicy, red apple, mild flavor. Highly scab Florina M7 September- resistant.Vigorous Excellentand disease backyard resistant apple. trees bear beautiful October purple fruit. Crisp and juicy with a nice mild flavor. Dolgo Standard Late August Produces abundant sweet, flavorful, deep red 1inch apples.Keeper. Heavy bloomer, often planted as an ornamental Frostbite Standard September- Formerlyflowering ‘MNcrab. 447’.Great Small for jelly.striped red over yellow fruit October are extremely sweet with intense, tropical molasses 6Duchess Standard August- Tart and juicy large red fruit are good for fresh eating September butflavor. outstanding Crisp, firm, for and pies juicy. and Excellent sauce. Bears for cider. abundantly. Golden Standard, September- VeryHeirloom. sweet hard fruit, stores all winter. One of the best Russet M7, M111 October sweet sharp cider varieties. Heirloom. Ergermont M7 September A classic russet. Delicate very sweet nutty flavor. Dry GoldrushRussett M7, B118 Late October Crisp,flesh is sweet, firm but and not flavorful. crunchy. Highly Keeps. disease Heirloom. resistant and a great keeper. Flavor improves with storage. Esopus M7 October Crisp, juicy, sweet, and tart. Great fresh eating or HadlockSpitzenburg M111 September- Juicycooking. and Yellow flavorful blushed cross betweenred. NY heirloom. mac and goldenFussy grower. russet. Reinnette October Fireside Standard Late HardyRusseted heavy skin bearing with firm child dense of Macintosh. flesh. AKA Connel. Haralred Standard EarlySeptember HardThe large crisp fruit apples are which excellent keep for well eating into and winter. cooking Good for October Florina September- Vigorouscooking and and fresh disease eating. resistant Prone trees to biennial bear beautiful bearing once October purplemature. fruit. Naturally Crisp staysand juicy 15-20’. with Hardy. a nice mild flavor. Harrison Standard October AKeeper. crab selected for hard cider. High sugar, tart rich flavor Frostbite Standard September- Formerlyand some ‘MN astringency. 447’. Small striped red over yellow fruit Hewes Standard October Fruitare extremely are small sweetsweet withand flavorful.intense, tropicalClear flavorful molasses just is Virginia Crab greatflavor. forCrisp, hard firm, cider. and Heavy juicy. Excellentbloomer. for cider. HoneycrispGolden StandardStandard, LateSeptember- Exciting,Very sweet super-crisp hard fruit, and stores juicy all apple winter. variety. One Large, of the tasty, best M7, M111 October Russet September attractivesweet sharp fruit cider stores varieties. into winter. Heirloom. M7, B118 Late October Crisp, sweet, and flavorful. Highly disease resistant and a HoneygoldGoldrush M7 October A very hardy offspring of Golden Delicious. Sweet rich flavor.great keeper.Stores well.Flavor improves with storage. M111 September- Juicy and flavorful cross between mac and golden russet. HorseHadlock B118 October Tart, crisp and aromatic. Great dried and in pies. heavy Reinnette October (limited) annualRusseted bearer. skin Heirloom.with firm dense Sweetens flesh. in storage. Haralred Standard Early Hard crisp apples which keep well into winter. Good for Hudson’s M111 October Large conical russeted fruit are sweet, tart, and flavorful. October cooking and fresh eating. Prone to biennial bearing once Golden Gem Good disease resistance. Keeps well. mature. Naturally stays 15-20’. Hardy. Jonafree Standard September Bears heavy crops of weet, crisp and aromatic fruit. Standard October A crab selected for hard cider. High sugar, tart rich flavor Harrison Bright flavor with very little acidity. Great fresh eating. and some astringency. Scab resistant. Standard October Fruit are small sweet and flavorful. Clear flavorful just is JuiceboxHewes Standard,M September The first East Hill introduction. Explosively juicy, crunchy, Virginia Crab 7 sweet,great for and hard highly cider. flavorful Heavy small bloomer. yellow apples. Quick to Honeycrisp Standard Late bear.Exciting, Perfect super-crisp for filling and pockets. juicy apple variety. Large, tasty, September attractive fruit stores into winter. Kingston M111, B118 October Quintessential cider variety. A great balance of sweet, HoneygoldBlack M7 October sharp,A very and hardy tannin. offspring Medium of Golden sized deep Delicious. red fruit. Sweet rich flavor. Stores well. Liberty Standard, Late Productive new variety, resistant to scab and cedar apple Horse B118M7 OctoberSeptember rust.Tart, Crisp,crisp and juicy, aromatic. and sweet. Great Keeps dried well. and Robust in pies. and heavy (limited) vigorous.annual bearer. An excellent Heirloom. apple Sweetens for a home in storage. orchard. MacfreeHudson’s B118M111 LateOctober SweetLarge conicaland aromatic. russeted Similar fruit areto its sweet, parent tart, macintosh and flavorful. but Golden Gem September withGood firmer disease flesh resistance. and dramatically Keeps well. improved disease resistance. Jonafree Standard September Bears heavy crops of weet, crisp and aromatic fruit. Macoun M7 Late BrightA Macintosh flavor withtype verywith littlecrisp acidity. white fleshGreat and fresh very eating. nice September- Scabbalanced resistant. flavor. Great for fresh eating. October Juicebox Standard,M September The first East Hill introduction. Explosively juicy, crunchy, Standard Late August- Early ripening bittersweet cider variety. High acid, high Major 7 sweet, and highly flavorful small yellow apples. Quick to September sugar. bear. Perfect for filling pockets. Standard Late August- Sweet slightly tart Mac cross. Flesh is crisp and bright Melba M111, B118 October Quintessential cider variety. A great balance of sweet, Kingston September white. Black sharp, and tannin. Medium sized deep red fruit. Nonared Standard September A small (1.5 in) deep red apple with deep red flesh and Standard, Late Productive new variety, resistant to scab and cedar apple Liberty magenta flowers. Interesting tart flavor. A great addition M7 September forrust. red Crisp, sauce juicy, or andpies. sweet. Found Keeps in East well. Montpelier. Robust and vigorous. An excellent apple for a home orchard. Novamac Standard, October Great production and disease resistance. Firm crisp and Macfree B118 Late juicySweet with and pleasant aromatic. mild Similar acidity. to its parent macintosh but September with firmer flesh and dramatically improved disease Standard October An E. Montpelier heirloom. Almost fully russeted, over Pear Apple resistance. light green. Very firm sweet and flavorful. Great for fresh M7 Late A Macintosh type with crisp white flesh and very nice Macoun eating and pies. Hardy, vigorus grower. September- balanced flavor. Great for fresh eating. Pitmaston Standard OctoberSeptember Smallish russeted yellow fruit bursting with sweet and Pineapple acidic flavor with a solid hint of pineapple. Heirloom Major Standard Late August- Early ripening bittersweet cider variety. High acid, high Pixi Standard September-September Smallishsugar. (2 in) red/purple fruit of this new disease and M7 October Melba Standard Late August- Sweetresistant slightly variety tart are Mac sweet cross. with Flesh a bright is crisp spritely and bright flavor. September white.We love it. NonaredPomfret Pink Standard SeptemberEarly ARed small Skin (1.5 bleeds in) deep into whitered apple flesh. with Introduced deep red by flesh carter and September magentaWilkie in flowers. Pomfret, Interesting VT. High sugar tart flavor.and complex A great flavor.addition for red sauce or pies. Found in East Montpelier. Pristine Standard August Crisp, very sweet yellow apples are excellent for fresh Novamac Standard, October eatingGreat productionand baking. Anand easy disease early resistance. apple for Firmthe home crisp and B118 orchard.juicy with pleasant mild acidity. RedPear Baron Apple Standard LateOctober Hardy,An E. Montpelier productive, heirloom. quick to Almost start bearing. fully russeted, Striped overred September fruitlight aregreen. sweet Very and firm mild. sweet Good and forflavorful. fresh eating,Great forpies, fresh and sauce.eating Someand pies. resistant Hardy, tovigorus scab andgrower. fireblight. ReinePitmaston De Standard September FirmSmallish fleshed russeted apple yellow with big fruit fruity bursting flavor. with Juicy, sweet sweet, and and ReinettePineapple and M7 tart.acidic Light flavor russet with overa solid red hint blushed of pineapple. fruit. In Heirloomthe slow food Pixi Standard September- Smallish‘Ark of Taste’. (2 in) Heirloomred/purple fruit of this new disease and M7 October Ribston Standard September- Highlyresistant aromatic variety andare sweetflavorful with parent a bright of cox. spritely Sweet flavor. and Pippin October sharp,We love great it. fresh eating baking or cider. Conical red Pomfret Pink Early Redorange Skin striped bleeds fruit. into white flesh. Introduced by carter September Rubinette Standard September- AWilkie cross in between Pomfret, golden VT. High delicious sugar and and complex cox orange flavor. pippin. and M7 Pristine Standard AugustOctober Crisp,Perhaps very our sweet best tastingyellow apple.apples Red are orangeexcellent striped for fresh over eatingyellow andwith baking. light russeting. An easy early apple for the home Snowsweet Standard September orchard.Lovely red fruit with a excellent sweet, slightly tart taste. and M7 White slow to oxidize flesh. Some resistance to scab Red Baron Standard Late Hardy, productive, quick to start bearing. Striped red and fireblight. September fruit are sweet and mild. Good for fresh eating, pies, and Stembridge Standard October sauce.Bittersweet Some ciderresistant variety to scabfrom and England. fireblight. Has some acidity, Cluster and not too bad for eating. Hardy and productive. Reine De Standard September Firm fleshed apple with big fruity flavor. Juicy, sweet, and ReinetteSweet andStandard, M7 Late tart.A red Light striped russet apple over with red excellent blushed fruit.unusual In theflavor slow “like food M7, B9 September Sixteen ‘Arkcherry of candy”.Taste’. Heirloom Resistant to fireblight and somewhat resistant to scab. Ribston Standard September- Highly aromatic and flavorful parent of cox. Sweet and PippinTolman Standard October sharp,Distinct great sweet fresh flavor eating grows baking on oryou. cider. Firm Conical slightly reddry Sweet orangeflesh with striped little fruit.acidity. Yellow, slightly lumpy appearance. Heirloom. Rubinette Standard September- A cross between golden delicious and cox orange pippin. Wealthy andM7 M7 OctoberSeptember PerhapsProlific multi-purpose our best tasting apple. apple. Crisp, Red sweet, orange and striped tart andover yellowquick to with bear. light Heirloom russeting. SnowsweetWestfield Standard September LovelyRich honey red fruit flavor, with slightly a excellent buttery sweet, but firm slightly texture. tart Mildlytaste. Seek-No- and M7 tart.White Very slow good to oxidizeall purpose flesh. apple. Some Heirloom. resistance to scab Further and fireblight. StembridgeWickson StandardStandard, October BittersweetExtremely high cider sugar variety and fromacidity England. make wicks Has some a great acidity, B118 Cluster andcider not apple. too Quickbad for to eating. bear andHardy heavy and cropping. productive. 1-2” red fruit. Sweet Standard, Late A red striped apple with excellent unusual flavor “like SixteenWilliams M7,Standard B9 SeptemberAugust- cherrySpicy, full candy”. flavored Resistant scab immune to fireblight early andapple. somewhat Medium red September Pride resistantfruit. to scab. TolmanWinecrisp StandardM7 October DistinctOutstanding sweet crisp flavor fruity grows flavor on comes you. Firm from slightly Cox dry parentage. Deep red color. Resistant to scab and Sweet flesh with little acidity. Yellow, slightly lumpy appearance. fireblight. Heirloom. Yarlington M111 October Bittersweet cider variety with good aromatics. Heavy M7 September Prolific multi-purpose apple. Crisp, sweet, and tart and MillWealthy cropping. Well suited to Vermont. quick to bear. Heirloom Zabergau Standard, October A big crunchy russet packed with a zing of sweet sharp Westfield M111Standard September flavor.Rich honey A new flavor, favorite. slightly Keeps buttery well. but firm texture. Mildly Seek-No- tart. Very good all purpose apple. Heirloom. FurtherZestar! Standard Late August Exceptionally sweet and flavorful new variety. Excellent for fresh eating and cooking. Stores well for an early Wickson Standard, October Extremely high sugar and acidity make wicks a great apple. Resistant to fireblight. B118 cider apple. Quick to bear and heavy cropping. 1-2” red fruit. Williams Standard August- Spicy, full flavored scab immune early apple. Medium red Pride September fruit. Winecrisp M7 October Outstanding crisp fruity flavor comes from Cox parentage. Deep red color. Resistant to scab and fireblight. Yarlington M111 October Bittersweet cider variety with good aromatics. Heavy Mill cropping. Well suited to Vermont. Zabergau Standard, October A big crunchy russet packed with a zing of sweet sharp M111 flavor. A new favorite. Keeps well. Zestar! Standard Late August Exceptionally sweet and flavorful new variety. Excellent for fresh eating and cooking. Stores well for an early apple. Resistant to fireblight. Variety Roots Season Description Baldwin Standard October A truly all purpose old American variety. Especially great for pies. Yellow with red blush. Good resistance to pest and disease. Keeps well. Heirloom Bethel Standard October Heirloom from Bethel VT. Red striped fruit are crunchy with a rich sweet flavor. very little acidity when fully ripe. 100+ year old specimen here on the farm. Black Oxford M7 October Gorgeous deep purple fruit with yellow flesh and excellent intense sweet tart flavor. Heirloom. Keeper. Blue Standard August- Red fruit ripens over a long period. Great for baking. Pearmain September Makes lovely red sauce. Good fresh eating. Vigorous. Scab resistant. Heirloom. Cabot Russet M111 September- Exciting vigorous and hardy russet found in Cabot VT. October The firm fruit are sweet and tart. Calville Blanc M111 October- Pale green conical apple with light russeting. Tart, sweet, d’Hiver November aromatic flavor made it famous for baking. Heirloom. Canadian Standard Late Juicy and tart. Excellent big fruity flavor. Blushed orange Strawberry September red over yellow. Centennial Standard Late August Lovely red over orange 1.5 to 2 inch fruit stand out for Crab their superb spritely flavor. Perfect for fresh eating. Chestnut Standard September Very sweet and flavorful small apples. Zippy and perhaps Crab a little nutty. Excellent for fresh eating cider and preserves. Claygate Standard Late Juicy tender and aromatic green-yellow fruit. Complex Pearmain September flavor depens with a few weeks storage. Resistant to scab and easy to grow. Heirloom. Keeper. Cortland Standard September Popular crisp tart old variety. Great fresh eating and baking. Crimson B118 September Crimson red fruit are firm and crisp with a nice tart Crisp flavor. Stores well. Scab resistant with an open growth pattern. Crimson Standard, Late New disease resistant variety with crisp juicy flesh and Topaz M7, M111 September good sweet sharp flavor. Easy to grow. Criterion Standard October Tangy and tart. Excellent fresh eating. resistant to browning. Also great for cider. Dabinette B118 October High sugar and very high tannins make this an outstanding cider apple adding body and deep flavor. Red-brown striped fruit. Dayton Standard, August A firm, sweet, juicy, red apple, mild flavor. Highly scab M7 resistant. Excellent backyard apple. Dolgo Standard Late August Produces abundant sweet, flavorful, deep red 1inch apples. Heavy bloomer, often planted as an ornamental flowering crab. Great for jelly. Duchess Standard August- Tart and juicy large red fruit are good for fresh eating September but outstanding for pies and sauce. Bears abundantly. Heirloom. Ergermont M7 September A classic russet. Delicate very sweet nutty flavor. Dry Russett flesh is firm but not crunchy. Keeps. Heirloom. Esopus M7 October Crisp, juicy, sweet, and tart. Great fresh eating or Spitzenburg cooking. Yellow blushed red. NY heirloom. Fussy grower. Fireside Standard Late Hardy heavy bearing child of Macintosh. AKA Connel. September The large fruit are excellent for eating and cooking Florina September- Vigorous and disease resistant trees bear beautiful APPLE VARIETIESOctober (continued)purple fruit. Crisp and juicy with a nice mild flavor. Variety Roots Season Keeper. Description BaldwinFrostbite StandardStandard OctoberSeptember- AFormerly truly all ‘MNpurpose 447’. old Small American striped variety.red over Especially yellow fruit great October forare pies.extremely Yellow sweetwith red with blush. intense, Good tropical resistance molasses to pest andflavor. disease. Crisp, Keepsfirm, and well. juicy. Heirloom Excellent for cider. BethelGolden StandardStandard, OctoberSeptember- HeirloomVery sweet from hard Bethel fruit, storesVT. Red all striped winter. fruit One are of thecrunchy best Russet M7, M111 October withsweet a richsharp sweet cider flavor. varieties. very Heirloom. little acidity when fully ripe. Goldrush M7, B118 Late October 100+Crisp, year sweet, old and specimen flavorful. here Highly on thedisease farm. resistant and a Black Oxford M7 October Gorgeousgreat keeper. deep Flavor purple improves fruit with with yellow storage. flesh and Hadlock M111 September- excellentJuicy and intenseflavorful sweet cross tartbetween flavor. mac Heirloom. and golden Keeper. russet. October BlueReinnette Standard August- RedRusseted fruit ripensskin with over firm a long dense period. flesh. Great for baking. September PearmainHaralred Standard Early MakesHard crisp lovely apples red sauce. which Good keep wellfresh into eating. winter. Vigorous. Good for October Scabcooking resistant. and fresh Heirloom. eating. Prone to biennial bearing once Cabot Russet M111 September- Excitingmature. vigorousNaturally and stays hardy 15-20’. russet Hardy. found in Cabot VT. October Harrison Standard October TheA crab firm selected fruit are for sweet hard and cider. tart. High sugar, tart rich flavor Calville Blanc M111 October- Paleand somegreen astringency.conical apple with light russeting. Tart, sweet, November d’HiverHewes Standard October aromaticFruit are flavorsmall sweetmade itand famous flavorful. for Clearbaking. flavorful Heirloom. just is CanadianVirginia Crab Standard Late Juicygreat and for tart.hard Excellent cider. Heavy big fruitybloomer. flavor. Blushed orange September red over yellow. StrawberryHoneycrisp Standard Late Exciting, super-crisp and juicy apple variety. Large, tasty, Centennial Standard LateSeptember August Lovelyattractive red fruit over stores orange into 1.5 winter. to 2 inch fruit stand out for Crab their superb spritely flavor. Perfect for fresh eating. Honeygold M7 October A very hardy offspring of Golden Delicious. Sweet rich Chestnut Standard September Veryflavor. sweet Stores and well. flavorful small apples. Zippy and perhaps Crab a little nutty. Excellent for fresh eating cider and Horse B118 October Tart, crisp and aromatic. Great dried and in pies. heavy (limited) preserves.annual bearer. Heirloom. Sweetens in storage. Standard Late Juicy tender and aromatic green-yellow fruit. Complex ClaygateHudson’s M111 October Large conical russeted fruit are sweet, tart, and flavorful. Pearmain September Golden Gem flavorGood depensdisease with resistance. a few weeksKeeps storage.well. Resistant to scab and easy to grow. Heirloom. Keeper. Jonafree Standard September Bears heavy crops of weet, crisp and aromatic fruit. Cortland Standard September PopularBright flavor crisp withtart oldvery variety. little acidity. Great Greatfresh eatingfresh eating.and baking.Scab resistant. B118 September Crimson red fruit are firm and crisp with a nice tart CrimsonJuicebox Standard,M September The first East Hill introduction. Explosively juicy, crunchy, Crisp 7 flavor.sweet, Stores and highly well. flavorfulScab resistant small yellowwith an apples. open Quickgrowth to pattern.bear. Perfect for filling pockets. Standard, Late New disease resistant variety with crisp juicy flesh and CrimsonKingston M111, B118 October Quintessential cider variety. A great balance of sweet, Topaz M7, M111 September Black goodsharp, sweet and tannin. sharp Mediumflavor. Easy sized to deepgrow. red fruit. Standard October Tangy and tart. Excellent fresh eating. resistant to CriterionLiberty Standard, Late Productive new variety, resistant to scab and cedar apple M7 September browning.rust. Crisp, Also juicy, great and forsweet. cider. Keeps well. Robust and Dabinette B118 October Highvigorous. sugar An and excellent very high apple tannins for a make home this orchard. an outstanding cider apple adding body and deep flavor. Macfree B118 Late Sweet and aromatic. Similar to its parent macintosh but Red-brown striped fruit. September with firmer flesh and dramatically improved disease Dayton Standard, August Aresistance. firm, sweet, juicy, red apple, mild flavor. Highly scab M7 resistant. Excellent backyard apple. Macoun M7 Late A Macintosh type with crisp white flesh and very nice Dolgo Standard LateSeptember- August Producesbalanced flavor.abundant Great sweet, for freshflavorful, eating. deep red 1inch October apples. Heavy bloomer, often planted as an ornamental Major Standard Late August- floweringEarly ripening crab. bittersweetGreat for jelly. cider variety. High acid, high Duchess Standard August-September Tartsugar. and juicy large red fruit are good for fresh eating 7 September Melba Standard Late August- butSweet outstanding slightly tart for Mac pies cross. and sauce. Flesh Bearsis crisp abundantly. and bright September Heirloom.white. ErgermontNonared M7Standard SeptemberSeptember A classicsmall (1.5 russet. in) deepDelicate red veryapple sweet with deepnutty redflavor. flesh Dry and Russett fleshmagenta is firm flowers. but not Interesting crunchy. Keeps.tart flavor. Heirloom. A great addition Esopus M7 October Crisp,for red juicy, sauce sweet, or pies. and Foundtart. Great in East fresh Montpelier. eating or SpitzenburgNovamac Standard, October cooking.Great production Yellow blushed and disease red. NY resistance. heirloom. Firm Fussy crisp grower. and Fireside StandardB118 Late Hardyjuicy with heavy pleasant bearing mild child acidity. of Macintosh. AKA Connel. September Pear Apple Standard October TheAn E. large Montpelier fruit are heirloom. excellent Almost for eating fully and russeted, cooking over Florina September- Vigorouslight green. and Very disease firm sweetresistant and trees flavorful. bear Great beautiful for fresh October purpleeating andfruit. pies. Crisp Hardy, and juicyvigorus with grower. a nice mild flavor. Pitmaston Standard September Keeper.Smallish russeted yellow fruit bursting with sweet and FrostbitePineapple Standard September- Formerlyacidic flavor ‘MN with 447’. a solidSmall hint striped of pineapple. red over Heirloomyellow fruit October Pixi Standard September- areSmallish extremely (2 in) sweetred/purple with fruitintense, of this tropical new molassesdisease and M7 October flavor.resistant Crisp, variety firm, areand sweet juicy. Excellentwith a bright for cider.spritely flavor. Golden Standard, September- VeryWe love sweet it. hard fruit, stores all winter. One of the best Russet M7, M111 October sweet sharp cider varieties. Heirloom. Pomfret Pink Early Red Skin bleeds into white flesh. Introduced by carter Goldrush M7, B118 LateSeptember October Crisp,Wilkie sweet, in Pomfret, and flavorful. VT. High Highly sugar diseaseand complex resistant flavor. and a great keeper. Flavor improves with storage. Pristine Standard August Crisp, very sweet yellow apples are excellent for fresh Hadlock M111 September- Juicyeating and and flavorful baking. crossAn easy between early apple mac andfor thegolden home russet. October Reinnette Russetedorchard. skin with firm dense flesh. HaralredRed Baron StandardStandard EarlyLate HardHardy, crisp productive, apples which quick keep to start well bearing. into winter. Striped Good red for October September cookingfruit are andsweet fresh and eating. mild. GoodProne forto biennialfresh eating, bearing pies, once and mature.sauce. Some Naturally resistant stays to 15-20’. scab andHardy. fireblight. HarrisonReine De StandardStandard OctoberSeptember AFirm crab fleshed selected apple for with hard big cider. fruity High flavor. sugar, Juicy, tart sweet, rich flavor and Reinette and M7 andtart. some Light astringency.russet over red blushed fruit. In the slow food Hewes Standard October Fruit‘Ark ofare Taste’. small Heirloomsweet and flavorful. Clear flavorful just is Virginia Crab Ribston Standard September- greatHighly for aromatic hard cider. and Heavyflavorful bloomer. parent of cox. Sweet and HoneycrispPippin Standard LateOctober Exciting,sharp, great super-crisp fresh eating and bakingjuicy apple or cider. variety. Conical Large, red tasty, September attractiveorange striped fruit storesfruit. into winter. HoneygoldRubinette M7Standard OctoberSeptember- A verycross hardy between offspring golden of deliciousGolden Delicious. and cox orange Sweet richpippin. and M7 October flavor.Perhaps Stores our bestwell. tasting apple. Red orange striped over yellow with light russeting. Horse B118 October Tart, crisp and aromatic. Great dried and in pies. heavy (limited)Snowsweet Standard September annualLovely bearer.red fruit Heirloom. with a excellent Sweetens sweet, in storage. slightly tart taste. and M7 White slow to oxidize flesh. Some resistance to scab M111 October Large conical russeted fruit are sweet, tart, and flavorful. Hudson’s and fireblight. Golden Gem Good disease resistance. Keeps well. Stembridge Standard October Bittersweet cider variety from England. Has some acidity, Standard September Bears heavy crops of weet, crisp and aromatic fruit. JonafreeCluster and not too bad for eating. Hardy and productive. Bright flavor with very little acidity. Great fresh eating. Standard, Late A red striped apple with excellent unusual flavor “like Sweet Scab resistant. Sixteen M7, B9 September cherry candy”. Resistant to fireblight and somewhat Standard,M September The first East Hill introduction. Explosively juicy, crunchy, Juicebox resistant to scab. 7 sweet, and highly flavorful small yellow apples. Quick to Tolman Standard October bear.Distinct Perfect sweet for flavor filling growspockets. on you. Firm slightly dry Sweet flesh with little acidity. Yellow, slightly lumpy appearance. M111, B118 October Quintessential cider variety. A great balance of sweet, Kingston Heirloom. Black sharp, and tannin. Medium sized deep red fruit. Wealthy M7 September Prolific multi-purpose apple. Crisp, sweet, and tart and Standard, Late Productive new variety, resistant to scab and cedar apple Liberty quick to bear. Heirloom M7 September rust. Crisp, juicy, and sweet. Keeps well. Robust and Standard September Rich honey flavor, slightly buttery but firm texture. Mildly Westfield vigorous. An excellent apple for a home orchard. Seek-No- tart. Very good all purpose apple. Heirloom. MacfreeFurther B118 Late Sweet and aromatic. Similar to its parent macintosh but September with firmer flesh and dramatically improved disease Wickson Standard, October Extremely high sugar and acidity make wicks a great resistance. B118 cider apple. Quick to bear and heavy cropping. 1-2” red Macoun M7 Late Afruit. Macintosh type with crisp white flesh and very nice September- balanced flavor. Great for fresh eating. Williams Standard OctoberAugust- Spicy, full flavored scab immune early apple. Medium red Pride September fruit. Major Standard Late August- Early ripening bittersweet cider variety. High acid, high Winecrisp M7 SeptemberOctober sugar.Outstanding crisp fruity flavor comes from Cox parentage. Deep red color. Resistant to scab and Melba Standard Late August- Sweetfireblight. slightly tart Mac cross. Flesh is crisp and bright September white. Yarlington M111 October Bittersweet cider variety with good aromatics. Heavy NonaredMill Standard September Acropping. small (1.5 Well in) suited deep redto Vermont. apple with deep red flesh and magenta flowers. Interesting tart flavor. A great addition Standard, October A big crunchy russet packed with a zing of sweet sharp Zabergau for red sauce or pies. Found in East Montpelier. M111 flavor. A new favorite. Keeps well. Novamac Standard, October Great production and disease resistance. Firm crisp and Zestar! B118Standard Late August juicyExceptionally with pleasant sweet mild and acidity. flavorful new variety. Excellent for fresh eating and cooking. Stores well for an early Pear Apple Standard October An E. Montpelier heirloom. Almost fully russeted, over apple. Resistant to fireblight. light green. Very firm sweet and flavorful. Great for fresh eating and pies. Hardy, vigorus grower. Pitmaston Standard September Smallish russeted yellow fruit bursting with sweet and Pineapple acidic flavor with a solid hint of pineapple. Heirloom Pixi Standard September- Smallish (2 in) red/purple fruit of this new disease and M7 October resistant variety are sweet with a bright spritely flavor. We love it. Pomfret Pink Early Red Skin bleeds into white flesh. Introduced by carter September Wilkie in Pomfret, VT. High sugar and complex flavor. Pristine Standard August Crisp, very sweet yellow apples are excellent for fresh eating and baking. An easy early apple for the home orchard. Red Baron Standard Late Hardy, productive, quick to start bearing. Striped red September fruit are sweet and mild. Good for fresh eating, pies, and sauce. Some resistant to scab and fireblight. Reine De Standard September Firm fleshed apple with big fruity flavor. Juicy, sweet, and Reinette and M7 tart. Light russet over red blushed fruit. In the slow food ‘Ark of Taste’. Heirloom Ribston Standard September- Highly aromatic and flavorful parent of cox. Sweet and Pippin October sharp, great fresh eating baking or cider. Conical red orange striped fruit. Rubinette Standard September- A cross between golden delicious and cox orange pippin. and M7 October Perhaps our best tasting apple. Red orange striped over yellow with light russeting. Snowsweet Standard September Lovely red fruit with a excellent sweet, slightly tart taste. and M7 White slow to oxidize flesh. Some resistance to scab and fireblight. Stembridge Standard October Bittersweet cider variety from England. Has some acidity, Cluster and not too bad for eating. Hardy and productive. Sweet Standard, Late A red striped apple with excellent unusual flavor “like Sixteen M7, B9 September cherry candy”. Resistant to fireblight and somewhat resistant to scab. Tolman Standard October Distinct sweet flavor grows on you. Firm slightly dry Sweet flesh with little acidity. Yellow, slightly lumpy appearance. Heirloom. Wealthy M7 September Prolific multi-purpose apple. Crisp, sweet, and tart and quick to bear. Heirloom Westfield Standard September Rich honey flavor, slightly buttery but firm texture. Mildly Seek-No- tart. Very good all purpose apple. Heirloom. Further Wickson Standard, October Extremely high sugar and acidity make wicks a great B118 cider apple. Quick to bear and heavy cropping. 1-2” red fruit. Williams Standard August- Spicy, full flavored scab immune early apple. Medium red Pride September fruit. Winecrisp M7 October Outstanding crisp fruity flavor comes from Cox parentage. Deep red color. Resistant to scab and fireblight. Yarlington M111 October Bittersweet cider variety with good aromatics. Heavy Mill cropping. Well suited to Vermont. Zabergau Standard, October A big crunchy russet packed with a zing of sweet sharp M111 flavor. A new favorite. Keeps well. Zestar! Standard Late August Exceptionally sweet and flavorful new variety. Excellent for fresh eating and cooking. Stores well for an early apple. Resistant to fireblight. Variety Roots Season Description Baldwin Standard October A truly all purpose old American variety. Especially great for pies. Yellow with red blush. Good resistance to pest and disease. Keeps well. Heirloom Bethel Standard October Heirloom from Bethel VT. Red striped fruit are crunchy with a rich sweet flavor. very little acidity when fully ripe. 100+ year old specimen here on the farm. Black Oxford M7 October Gorgeous deep purple fruit with yellow flesh and excellent intense sweet tart flavor. Heirloom. Keeper. Blue Standard August- Red fruit ripens over a long period. Great for baking. Pearmain September Makes lovely red sauce. Good fresh eating. Vigorous. Scab resistant. Heirloom. Cabot Russet M111 September- Exciting vigorous and hardy russet found in Cabot VT. October The firm fruit are sweet and tart. Calville Blanc M111 October- Pale green conical apple with light russeting. Tart, sweet, d’Hiver November aromatic flavor made it famous for baking. Heirloom. Canadian Standard Late Juicy and tart. Excellent big fruity flavor. Blushed orange Strawberry September red over yellow. Centennial Standard Late August Lovely red over orange 1.5 to 2 inch fruit stand out for Crab their superb spritely flavor. Perfect for fresh eating. Chestnut Standard September Very sweet and flavorful small apples. Zippy and perhaps Crab a little nutty. Excellent for fresh eating cider and preserves. Claygate Standard Late Juicy tender and aromatic green-yellow fruit. Complex Pearmain September flavor depens with a few weeks storage. Resistant to scab and easy to grow. Heirloom. Keeper. Cortland Standard September Popular crisp tart old variety. Great fresh eating and baking. Crimson B118 September Crimson red fruit are firm and crisp with a nice tart Crisp flavor. Stores well. Scab resistant with an open growth pattern. Crimson Standard, Late New disease resistant variety with crisp juicy flesh and Topaz M7, M111 September good sweet sharp flavor. Easy to grow. Criterion Standard October Tangy and tart. Excellent fresh eating. resistant to browning. Also great for cider. Dabinette B118 October High sugar and very high tannins make this an outstanding cider apple adding body and deep flavor. Red-brown striped fruit. Dayton Standard, August A firm, sweet, juicy, red apple, mild flavor. Highly scab M7 resistant. Excellent backyard apple. Dolgo Standard Late August Produces abundant sweet, flavorful, deep red 1inch apples. Heavy bloomer, often planted as an ornamental flowering crab. Great for jelly. Duchess Standard August- Tart and juicy large red fruit are good for fresh eating September but outstanding for pies and sauce. Bears abundantly. Heirloom. Ergermont M7 September A classic russet. Delicate very sweet nutty flavor. Dry Russett flesh is firm but not crunchy. Keeps. Heirloom. Esopus M7 October Crisp, juicy, sweet, and tart. Great fresh eating or Spitzenburg cooking. Yellow blushed red. NY heirloom. Fussy grower. Fireside Standard Late Hardy heavy bearing child of Macintosh. AKA Connel. September The large fruit are excellent for eating and cooking Florina September- Vigorous and disease resistant trees bear beautiful October purple fruit. Crisp and juicy with a nice mild flavor. Keeper. Frostbite Standard September- Formerly ‘MN 447’. Small striped red over yellow fruit October are extremely sweet with intense, tropical molasses flavor. Crisp, firm, and juicy. Excellent for cider. Golden Standard, September- Very sweet hard fruit, stores all winter. One of the best Russet M7, M111 October sweet sharp cider varieties. Heirloom. Goldrush M7, B118 Late October Crisp, sweet, and flavorful. Highly disease resistant and a great keeper. Flavor improves with storage. Hadlock M111 September- Juicy and flavorful cross between mac and golden russet. Reinnette October Russeted skin with firm dense flesh. Haralred Standard Early Hard crisp apples which keep well into winter. Good for October cooking and fresh eating. Prone to biennial bearing once mature. Naturally stays 15-20’. Hardy. Harrison Standard October A crab selected for hard cider. High sugar, tart rich flavor and some astringency. Hewes Standard October Fruit are small sweet and flavorful. Clear flavorful just is Virginia Crab great for hard cider. Heavy bloomer. Honeycrisp Standard Late Exciting, super-crisp and juicy apple variety. Large, tasty, September attractive fruit stores into winter. Honeygold M7 October A very hardy offspring of Golden Delicious. Sweet rich flavor. Stores well. Horse B118 October Tart, crisp and aromatic. Great dried and in pies. heavy (limited) annual bearer. Heirloom. Sweetens in storage. Hudson’s M111 October Large conical russeted fruit are sweet, tart, and flavorful. Golden Gem Good disease resistance. Keeps well. Jonafree Standard September Bears heavy crops of weet, crisp and aromatic fruit. Bright flavor with very little acidity. Great fresh eating. Scab resistant. Juicebox Standard,M September The first East Hill introduction. Explosively juicy, crunchy, 7 sweet, and highly flavorful small yellow apples. Quick to bear. Perfect for filling pockets. Kingston M111, B118 October Quintessential cider variety. A great balance of sweet, Black sharp, and tannin. Medium sized deep red fruit. Liberty Standard, Late Productive new variety, resistant to scab and cedar apple M7 September rust. Crisp, juicy, and sweet. Keeps well. Robust and vigorous. An excellent apple for a home orchard. Macfree B118 Late Sweet and aromatic. Similar to its parent macintosh but September with firmer flesh and dramatically improved disease resistance. MacounAPPLE VARIETIESM7 Late A Macintosh type with crisp white flesh and very nice September-(continued)balanced flavor. Great for fresh eating. Variety Roots OctoberSeason Description MajorBaldwin Standard LateOctober August- EarlyA truly ripening all purpose bittersweet old American cider variety. variety. High Especially acid, high great September sugar.for pies. Yellow with red blush. Good resistance to pest Melba Standard Late August- Sweetand disease. slightly Keeps tart Macwell. cross. Heirloom Flesh is crisp and bright Bethel Standard SeptemberOctober white.Heirloom from Bethel VT. Red striped fruit are crunchy Nonared Standard September Awith small a rich (1.5 sweet in) deep flavor. red very apple little with acidity deep whenred flesh fully and ripe. magenta100+ year flowers. old specimen Interesting here tart on flavor.the farm. A great addition Black Oxford M7 October forGorgeous red sauce deep or purplepies. Found fruit within East yellow Montpelier. flesh and Novamac Standard, October Greatexcellent production intense sweetand disease tart flavor. resistance. Heirloom. Firm Keeper. crisp and B118 juicy with pleasant mild acidity. Blue Standard August- Red fruit ripens over a long period. Great for baking. PearPearmain Apple Standard OctoberSeptember AnMakes E. Montpelier lovely red sauce.heirloom. Good Almost fresh fully eating. russeted, Vigorous. over lightScab green.resistant. Very Heirloom. firm sweet and flavorful. Great for fresh Cabot Russet M111 September- eatingExciting and vigorous pies. Hardy, and hardyvigorus russet grower. found in Cabot VT. Pitmaston Standard SeptemberOctober SmallishThe firm russeted fruit are yellowsweet andfruit tart. bursting with sweet and Pineapple Calville Blanc M111 October- acidicPale green flavor conical with a applesolid hintwith oflight pineapple. russeting. Heirloom Tart, sweet, Pixid’Hiver Standard September-November Smallisharomatic (2 flavor in) red/purple made it famous fruit of for this baking. new diseaseHeirloom. and M7 October Canadian Standard Late resistantJuicy and varietytart. Excellent are sweet big withfruity a flavor.bright Blushed spritely orangeflavor. Strawberry September Wered overlove it.yellow. PomfretCentennial Pink Standard EarlyLate August RedLovely Skin red bleeds over orangeinto white 1.5 flesh.to 2 inchIntroduced fruit stand by carterout for Crab September Wilkietheir superb in Pomfret, spritely VT. flavor. High Perfectsugar and for complex fresh eating. flavor. PristineChestnut Standard AugustSeptember Crisp,Very sweet very sweetand flavorful yellow smallapples apples. are excellent Zippy and for perhaps fresh Crab eatinga little andnutty. baking. Excellent An easy for freshearly eatingapple forcider the and home orchard.preserves. RedClaygate Baron Standard Late Hardy,Juicy tender productive, and aromatic quick to green-yellow start bearing. fruit. Striped Complex red Pearmain September fruitflavor are depens sweet with and amild. few Goodweeks for storage. fresh Resistanteating, pies, to and sauce.scab and Some easy resistant to grow. to Heirloom. scab and Keeper.fireblight. ReineCortland De Standard September FirmPopular fleshed crisp apple tart oldwith variety. big fruity Great flavor. fresh Juicy, eating sweet, and and Reinette and M7 tart.baking. Light russet over red blushed fruit. In the slow food ‘Ark of Taste’. Heirloom Crimson B118 September Crimson red fruit are firm and crisp with a nice tart RibstonCrisp Standard September- Highlyflavor. Storesaromatic well. and Scab flavorful resistant parent with of an cox. open Sweet growth and Pippin October sharp,pattern. great fresh eating baking or cider. Conical red orange striped fruit. Crimson Standard, Late New disease resistant variety with crisp juicy flesh and RubinetteTopaz StandardM7, M111 September-September Agood cross sweet between sharp golden flavor. Easydelicious to grow. and cox orange pippin. and M7 October Perhaps our best tasting apple. Red orange striped over Criterion Standard October Tangy and tart. Excellent fresh eating. resistant to yellow with light russeting. browning. Also great for cider. Snowsweet Standard September Lovely red fruit with a excellent sweet, slightly tart taste. B118 October High sugar and very high tannins make this an Dabinette and M7 White slow to oxidize flesh. Some resistance to scab outstanding cider apple adding body and deep flavor. and fireblight. Red-brown striped fruit. Stembridge Standard October Bittersweet cider variety from England. Has some acidity, Dayton Standard, August A firm, sweet, juicy, red apple, mild flavor. Highly scab Cluster and not too bad for eating. Hardy and productive. M7 resistant. Excellent backyard apple. Sweet Standard, Late A red striped apple with excellent unusual flavor “like Dolgo Standard Late August Produces abundant sweet, flavorful, deep red 1inch Sixteen M7, B9 September cherryapples. Heavycandy”. bloomer, Resistant often to fireblight planted andas an somewhat ornamental resistantflowering to crab. scab. Great for jelly. TolmanDuchess8 Standard OctoberAugust- DistinctTart and sweetjuicy large flavor red grows fruit on are you. good Firm for slightly fresh eating dry Sweet September fleshbut outstanding with little acidity. for pies Yellow, and sauce.slightly Bears lumpy abundantly. appearance. Heirloom. WealthyErgermont M7 September ProlificA classic multi-purpose russet. Delicate apple. very Crisp, sweet sweet, nutty and flavor. tart Dry and Russett quickflesh isto firm bear. but Heirloom not crunchy. Keeps. Heirloom. WestfieldEsopus StandardM7 SeptemberOctober RichCrisp, honey juicy, sweet,flavor, slightlyand tart. buttery Great butfresh firm eating texture. or Mildly Seek-No-Spitzenburg tart.cooking. Very Yellow good allblushed purpose red. apple. NY heirloom.Heirloom. Fussy grower. Further Fireside Standard Late Hardy heavy bearing child of Macintosh. AKA Connel. Wickson Standard, OctoberSeptember ExtremelyThe large fruithigh aresugar excellent and acidity for eatingmake wicksand cooking a great B118 cider apple. Quick to bear and heavy cropping. 1-2” red Florina September- Vigorous and disease resistant trees bear beautiful fruit. October purple fruit. Crisp and juicy with a nice mild flavor. Williams Standard August- Spicy,Keeper. full flavored scab immune early apple. Medium red Pride September fruit. Frostbite Standard September- Formerly ‘MN 447’. Small striped red over yellow fruit Winecrisp M7 October Outstandingare extremely crisp sweet fruity with flavor intense, comes tropical from molassesCox parentage.flavor. Crisp, Deep firm, red and color. juicy. ExcellentResistant forto scabcider. and fireblight. Golden Standard, September- Very sweet hard fruit, stores all winter. One of the best M111 October Bittersweet cider variety with good aromatics. Heavy YarlingtonRusset M7, M111 October sweet sharp cider varieties. Heirloom. Mill cropping. Well suited to Vermont. Goldrush M7, B118 Late October Crisp, sweet, and flavorful. Highly disease resistant and a Standard, October A big crunchy russet packed with a zing of sweet sharp Zabergau great keeper. Flavor improves with storage. M111 flavor. A new favorite. Keeps well. Hadlock M111 September- Juicy and flavorful cross between mac and golden russet. Standard Late August Exceptionally sweet and flavorful new variety. Excellent Zestar!Reinnette October Russeted skin with firm dense flesh. for fresh eating and cooking. Stores well for an early Haralred Standard Early apple.Hard crispResistant apples to whichfireblight. keep well into winter. Good for October cooking and fresh eating. Prone to biennial bearing once mature. Naturally stays 15-20’. Hardy. Harrison Standard October A crab selected for hard cider. High sugar, tart rich flavor and some astringency. Hewes Standard October Fruit are small sweet and flavorful. Clear flavorful just is Virginia Crab great for hard cider. Heavy bloomer. Honeycrisp Standard Late Exciting, super-crisp and juicy apple variety. Large, tasty, September attractive fruit stores into winter. Honeygold M7 October A very hardy offspring of Golden Delicious. Sweet rich flavor. Stores well. Horse B118 October Tart, crisp and aromatic. Great dried and in pies. heavy (limited) annual bearer. Heirloom. Sweetens in storage. Hudson’s M111 October Large conical russeted fruit are sweet, tart, and flavorful. Golden Gem Good disease resistance. Keeps well. Jonafree Standard September Bears heavy crops of weet, crisp and aromatic fruit. Bright flavor with very little acidity. Great fresh eating. Scab resistant. Juicebox Standard,M September The first East Hill introduction. Explosively juicy, crunchy, 7 sweet, and highly flavorful small yellow apples. Quick to bear. Perfect for filling pockets. Kingston M111, B118 October Quintessential cider variety. A great balance of sweet, Black sharp, and tannin. Medium sized deep red fruit. Liberty Standard, Late Productive new variety, resistant to scab and cedar apple M7 September rust. Crisp, juicy, and sweet. Keeps well. Robust and vigorous. An excellent apple for a home orchard. Macfree B118 Late Sweet and aromatic. Similar to its parent macintosh but September with firmer flesh and dramatically improved disease resistance. Macoun M7 Late A Macintosh type with crisp white flesh and very nice September- balanced flavor. Great for fresh eating. October Major Standard Late August- Early ripening bittersweet cider variety. High acid, high September sugar. Melba Standard Late August- Sweet slightly tart Mac cross. Flesh is crisp and bright September white. Nonared Standard September A small (1.5 in) deep red apple with deep red flesh and magenta flowers. Interesting tart flavor. A great addition for red sauce or pies. Found in East Montpelier. Novamac Standard, October Great production and disease resistance. Firm crisp and B118 juicy with pleasant mild acidity. Pear Apple Standard October An E. Montpelier heirloom. Almost fully russeted, over light green. Very firm sweet and flavorful. Great for fresh eating and pies. Hardy, vigorus grower. Pitmaston Standard September Smallish russeted yellow fruit bursting with sweet and Pineapple acidic flavor with a solid hint of pineapple. Heirloom Pixi Standard September- Smallish (2 in) red/purple fruit of this new disease and M7 October resistant variety are sweet with a bright spritely flavor. We love it. Pomfret Pink Early Red Skin bleeds into white flesh. Introduced by carter September Wilkie in Pomfret, VT. High sugar and complex flavor. Pristine Standard August Crisp, very sweet yellow apples are excellent for fresh eating and baking. An easy early apple for the home orchard. Red Baron Standard Late Hardy, productive, quick to start bearing. Striped red September fruit are sweet and mild. Good for fresh eating, pies, and sauce. Some resistant to scab and fireblight. Reine De Standard September Firm fleshed apple with big fruity flavor. Juicy, sweet, and Reinette and M7 tart. Light russet over red blushed fruit. In the slow food ‘Ark of Taste’. Heirloom Ribston Standard September- Highly aromatic and flavorful parent of cox. Sweet and Pippin October sharp, great fresh eating baking or cider. Conical red orange striped fruit. Rubinette Standard September- A cross between golden delicious and cox orange pippin. and M7 October Perhaps our best tasting apple. Red orange striped over yellow with light russeting. Snowsweet Standard September Lovely red fruit with a excellent sweet, slightly tart taste. and M7 White slow to oxidize flesh. Some resistance to scab and fireblight. Stembridge Standard October Bittersweet cider variety from England. Has some acidity, Cluster and not too bad for eating. Hardy and productive. Sweet Standard, Late A red striped apple with excellent unusual flavor “like Sixteen M7, B9 September cherry candy”. Resistant to fireblight and somewhat resistant to scab. Tolman Standard October Distinct sweet flavor grows on you. Firm slightly dry Sweet flesh with little acidity. Yellow, slightly lumpy appearance. Heirloom. Wealthy M7 September Prolific multi-purpose apple. Crisp, sweet, and tart and quick to bear. Heirloom Westfield Standard September Rich honey flavor, slightly buttery but firm texture. Mildly Seek-No- tart. Very good all purpose apple. Heirloom. Further Wickson Standard, October Extremely high sugar and acidity make wicks a great B118 cider apple. Quick to bear and heavy cropping. 1-2” red fruit. Williams Standard August- Spicy, full flavored scab immune early apple. Medium red Pride September fruit. Winecrisp M7 October Outstanding crisp fruity flavor comes from Cox parentage. Deep red color. Resistant to scab and fireblight. Yarlington M111 October Bittersweet cider variety with good aromatics. Heavy Mill cropping. Well suited to Vermont. Zabergau Standard, October A big crunchy russet packed with a zing of sweet sharp M111 flavor. A new favorite. Keeps well. Zestar! Standard Late August Exceptionally sweet and flavorful new variety. Excellent for fresh eating and cooking. Stores well for an early apple. Resistant to fireblight. Variety Roots Season Description Baldwin Standard October A truly all purpose old American variety. Especially great for pies. Yellow with red blush. Good resistance to pest and disease. Keeps well. Heirloom Bethel Standard October Heirloom from Bethel VT. Red striped fruit are crunchy with a rich sweet flavor. very little acidity when fully ripe. 100+ year old specimen here on the farm. Black Oxford M7 October Gorgeous deep purple fruit with yellow flesh and excellent intense sweet tart flavor. Heirloom. Keeper. Blue Standard August- Red fruit ripens over a long period. Great for baking. Pearmain September Makes lovely red sauce. Good fresh eating. Vigorous. Scab resistant. Heirloom. Cabot Russet M111 September- Exciting vigorous and hardy russet found in Cabot VT. October The firm fruit are sweet and tart. Calville Blanc M111 October- Pale green conical apple with light russeting. Tart, sweet, d’Hiver November aromatic flavor made it famous for baking. Heirloom. Canadian Standard Late Juicy and tart. Excellent big fruity flavor. Blushed orange Strawberry September red over yellow. Centennial Standard Late August Lovely red over orange 1.5 to 2 inch fruit stand out for Crab their superb spritely flavor. Perfect for fresh eating. Chestnut Standard September Very sweet and flavorful small apples. Zippy and perhaps Crab a little nutty. Excellent for fresh eating cider and preserves. Claygate Standard Late Juicy tender and aromatic green-yellow fruit. Complex Pearmain September flavor depens with a few weeks storage. Resistant to scab and easy to grow. Heirloom. Keeper. Cortland Standard September Popular crisp tart old variety. Great fresh eating and baking. Crimson B118 September Crimson red fruit are firm and crisp with a nice tart Crisp flavor. Stores well. Scab resistant with an open growth pattern. Crimson Standard, Late New disease resistant variety with crisp juicy flesh and Topaz M7, M111 September good sweet sharp flavor. Easy to grow. Criterion Standard October Tangy and tart. Excellent fresh eating. resistant to browning. Also great for cider. Dabinette B118 October High sugar and very high tannins make this an outstanding cider apple adding body and deep flavor. Red-brown striped fruit. Dayton Standard, August A firm, sweet, juicy, red apple, mild flavor. Highly scab M7 resistant. Excellent backyard apple. Dolgo Standard Late August Produces abundant sweet, flavorful, deep red 1inch apples. Heavy bloomer, often planted as an ornamental flowering crab. Great for jelly. Duchess Standard August- Tart and juicy large red fruit are good for fresh eating September but outstanding for pies and sauce. Bears abundantly. Heirloom. Ergermont M7 September A classic russet. Delicate very sweet nutty flavor. Dry Russett flesh is firm but not crunchy. Keeps. Heirloom. Esopus M7 October Crisp, juicy, sweet, and tart. Great fresh eating or Spitzenburg cooking. Yellow blushed red. NY heirloom. Fussy grower. Fireside Standard Late Hardy heavy bearing child of Macintosh. AKA Connel. September The large fruit are excellent for eating and cooking Florina September- Vigorous and disease resistant trees bear beautiful October purple fruit. Crisp and juicy with a nice mild flavor. Keeper. Frostbite Standard September- Formerly ‘MN 447’. Small striped red over yellow fruit October are extremely sweet with intense, tropical molasses flavor. Crisp, firm, and juicy. Excellent for cider. Golden Standard, September- Very sweet hard fruit, stores all winter. One of the best Russet M7, M111 October sweet sharp cider varieties. Heirloom. Goldrush M7, B118 Late October Crisp, sweet, and flavorful. Highly disease resistant and a great keeper. Flavor improves with storage. Hadlock M111 September- Juicy and flavorful cross between mac and golden russet. Reinnette October Russeted skin with firm dense flesh. Haralred Standard Early Hard crisp apples which keep well into winter. Good for October cooking and fresh eating. Prone to biennial bearing once mature. Naturally stays 15-20’. Hardy. Harrison Standard October A crab selected for hard cider. High sugar, tart rich flavor and some astringency. Hewes Standard October Fruit are small sweet and flavorful. Clear flavorful just is Virginia Crab great for hard cider. Heavy bloomer. Honeycrisp Standard Late Exciting, super-crisp and juicy apple variety. Large, tasty, September attractive fruit stores into winter. Honeygold M7 October A very hardy offspring of Golden Delicious. Sweet rich flavor. Stores well. Horse B118 October Tart, crisp and aromatic. Great dried and in pies. heavy (limited) annual bearer. Heirloom. Sweetens in storage. Hudson’s M111 October Large conical russeted fruit are sweet, tart, and flavorful. Golden Gem Good disease resistance. Keeps well. Jonafree Standard September Bears heavy crops of weet, crisp and aromatic fruit. Bright flavor with very little acidity. Great fresh eating. Scab resistant. Juicebox Standard,M September The first East Hill introduction. Explosively juicy, crunchy, 7 sweet, and highly flavorful small yellow apples. Quick to bear. Perfect for filling pockets. Kingston M111, B118 October Quintessential cider variety. A great balance of sweet, Black sharp, and tannin. Medium sized deep red fruit. Liberty Standard, Late Productive new variety, resistant to scab and cedar apple M7 September rust. Crisp, juicy, and sweet. Keeps well. Robust and vigorous. An excellent apple for a home orchard. Macfree B118 Late Sweet and aromatic. Similar to its parent macintosh but September with firmer flesh and dramatically improved disease resistance. Macoun M7 Late A Macintosh type with crisp white flesh and very nice September- balanced flavor. Great for fresh eating. October Major Standard Late August- Early ripening bittersweet cider variety. High acid, high September sugar. Melba Standard Late August- Sweet slightly tart Mac cross. Flesh is crisp and bright September white. Nonared Standard September A small (1.5 in) deep red apple with deep red flesh and magenta flowers. Interesting tart flavor. A great addition for red sauce or pies. Found in East Montpelier. Novamac Standard, October Great production and disease resistance. Firm crisp and B118 juicy with pleasant mild acidity. Pear Apple Standard October An E. Montpelier heirloom. Almost fully russeted, over light green. Very firm sweet and flavorful. Great for fresh eating and pies. Hardy, vigorus grower. Pitmaston Standard September Smallish russeted yellow fruit bursting with sweet and Pineapple acidic flavor with a solid hint of pineapple. Heirloom Pixi Standard September- Smallish (2 in) red/purple fruit of this new disease and M7 October resistant variety are sweet with a bright spritely flavor. We love it. Pomfret Pink Early Red Skin bleeds into white flesh. Introduced by carter September Wilkie in Pomfret, VT. High sugar and complex flavor. Pristine Standard August Crisp, very sweet yellow apples are excellent for fresh eating and baking. An easy early apple for the home orchard. Red Baron Standard Late Hardy, productive, quick to start bearing. Striped red September fruit are sweet and mild. Good for fresh eating, pies, and sauce. Some resistant to scab and fireblight. Reine De Standard September Firm fleshed apple with big fruity flavor. Juicy, sweet, and Reinette and M7 tart. Light russet over red blushed fruit. In the slow food ‘Ark of Taste’. Heirloom Ribston Standard September- Highly aromatic and flavorful parent of cox. Sweet and Pippin October sharp, great fresh eating baking or cider. Conical red orange striped fruit. Rubinette Standard September- A cross between golden delicious and cox orange pippin. and M7 October Perhaps our best tasting apple. Red orange striped over yellow with light russeting. Snowsweet Standard September Lovely red fruit with a excellent sweet, slightly tart taste. and M7 White slow to oxidize flesh. Some resistance to scab and fireblight. Stembridge Standard October Bittersweet cider variety from England. Has some acidity, Cluster and not too bad for eating. Hardy and productive. Sweet Standard, Late A red striped apple with excellent unusual flavor “like APPLESixteen VARIETIESM7, B9 September (continued)cherry candy”. Resistant to fireblight and somewhat Variety Roots Season resistant to scab. Description TolmanBaldwin Standard October DistinctA truly all sweet purpose flavor old grows American on you. variety. Firm Especiallyslightly dry great Sweet fleshfor pies. with Yellow little acidity.with red Yellow, blush. slightly Good lumpyresistance appearance. to pest Heirloom.and disease. Keeps well. Heirloom WealthyBethel M7Standard SeptemberOctober ProlificHeirloom multi-purpose from Bethel apple. VT. Red Crisp, striped sweet, fruit and are tart crunchy and quickwith a to rich bear. sweet Heirloom flavor. very little acidity when fully ripe. 100+ year old specimen here on the farm. Westfield Standard September Rich honey flavor, slightly buttery but firm texture. Mildly Seek-No-Black Oxford M7 October tart.Gorgeous Very good deep all purple purpose fruit apple. with Heirloom.yellow flesh and Further excellent intense sweet tart flavor. Heirloom. Keeper. WicksonBlue Standard,Standard OctoberAugust- ExtremelyRed fruit ripens high sugar over anda long acidity period. make Great wicks for a baking. great Pearmain B118 September ciderMakes apple. lovely Quick red sauce. to bear Good and freshheavy eating. cropping. Vigorous. 1-2” red fruit.Scab resistant. Heirloom. WilliamsCabot Russet StandardM111 August-September- Spicy,Exciting full vigorous flavored andscab hardy immune russet early found apple. in MediumCabot VT. red Pride SeptemberOctober fruit.The firm fruit are sweet and tart. WinecrispCalville Blanc M7M111 OctoberOctober- OutstandingPale green conical crisp fruityapple flavorwith light comes russeting. from Cox Tart, sweet, d’Hiver November parentage.aromatic flavor Deep made red color. it famous Resistant for baking. to scab Heirloom. and fireblight. Canadian Standard Late Juicy and tart. Excellent big fruity flavor. Blushed orange M111 October Bittersweet cider variety with good aromatics. Heavy YarlingtonStrawberry September red over yellow. Mill cropping. Well suited to Vermont. Centennial Standard Late August Lovely red over orange 1.5 to 2 inch fruit stand out for Zabergau Standard, October A big crunchy russet packed with a zing of sweet sharp Crab their superb spritely flavor. Perfect for fresh eating. M111 flavor. A new favorite. Keeps well. Chestnut Standard September Very sweet and flavorful small apples. Zippy and perhaps Zestar! Standard Late August Exceptionally sweet and flavorful new variety. Excellent Crab a little nutty. Excellent for fresh eating cider and for fresh eating and cooking. Stores well for an early preserves. apple. Resistant to fireblight. Claygate Standard Late Juicy tender and aromatic green-yellow fruit. Complex Pearmain September flavor depens with a few weeks storage. Resistant to scab and easy to grow. Heirloom. Keeper. Cortland Standard September Popular crisp tart old variety. Great fresh eating and baking. Crimson B118 September Crimson red fruit are firm and crisp with a nice tart Crisp flavor. Stores well. Scab resistant with an open growth pattern. Crimson Standard, Late New disease resistant variety with crisp juicy flesh and Topaz M7, M111 September good sweet sharp flavor. Easy to grow. Criterion Standard October Tangy and tart. Excellent fresh eating. resistant to APPLE BORERS! Eggs are laidbrowning. in the Also base great of for the cider. trees and larvae grow inside the trunk of the tree as they bore their way through the Dabinette B118 October High sugar and very high tannins make this an tree for 2-3 years before hatchingoutstanding into an cideradult. apple Check adding bodythe andbase deep of flavor. the tree for damage each spring or earlyRed-brown summer. striped If fruit. you find holes or frass Dayton(orangish sawdust)Standard, removeAugust dead Abark firm, sweet,and try juicy, to red crush apple, mild the flavor. borers Highly withscab M7 a piece of wire shoved in the hole.resistant. Crushing Excellent them backyard is effective. apple. Undiluted Dolgo Standard Late August Produces abundant sweet, flavorful, deep red 1inch neem oil sprayed or rubbed ontoapples. the trunkHeavy bloomer, may also often work.planted as an ornamental flowering crab. Great for jelly. Duchess Standard August- Tart and juicy large red fruit are good for fresh eating 9 September but outstanding for pies and sauce. Bears abundantly. Heirloom. Ergermont M7 September A classic russet. Delicate very sweet nutty flavor. Dry Russett flesh is firm but not crunchy. Keeps. Heirloom. Esopus M7 October Crisp, juicy, sweet, and tart. Great fresh eating or Spitzenburg cooking. Yellow blushed red. NY heirloom. Fussy grower. Fireside Standard Late Hardy heavy bearing child of Macintosh. AKA Connel. September The large fruit are excellent for eating and cooking Florina September- Vigorous and disease resistant trees bear beautiful October purple fruit. Crisp and juicy with a nice mild flavor. Keeper. Frostbite Standard September- Formerly ‘MN 447’. Small striped red over yellow fruit October are extremely sweet with intense, tropical molasses flavor. Crisp, firm, and juicy. Excellent for cider. Golden Standard, September- Very sweet hard fruit, stores all winter. One of the best Russet M7, M111 October sweet sharp cider varieties. Heirloom. Goldrush M7, B118 Late October Crisp, sweet, and flavorful. Highly disease resistant and a great keeper. Flavor improves with storage. Hadlock M111 September- Juicy and flavorful cross between mac and golden russet. Reinnette October Russeted skin with firm dense flesh. Haralred Standard Early Hard crisp apples which keep well into winter. Good for October cooking and fresh eating. Prone to biennial bearing once mature. Naturally stays 15-20’. Hardy. Harrison Standard October A crab selected for hard cider. High sugar, tart rich flavor and some astringency. Hewes Standard October Fruit are small sweet and flavorful. Clear flavorful just is Virginia Crab great for hard cider. Heavy bloomer. Honeycrisp Standard Late Exciting, super-crisp and juicy apple variety. Large, tasty, September attractive fruit stores into winter. Honeygold M7 October A very hardy offspring of Golden Delicious. Sweet rich flavor. Stores well. Horse B118 October Tart, crisp and aromatic. Great dried and in pies. heavy (limited) annual bearer. Heirloom. Sweetens in storage. Hudson’s M111 October Large conical russeted fruit are sweet, tart, and flavorful. Golden Gem Good disease resistance. Keeps well. Jonafree Standard September Bears heavy crops of weet, crisp and aromatic fruit. Bright flavor with very little acidity. Great fresh eating. Scab resistant. Juicebox Standard,M September The first East Hill introduction. Explosively juicy, crunchy, 7 sweet, and highly flavorful small yellow apples. Quick to bear. Perfect for filling pockets. Kingston M111, B118 October Quintessential cider variety. A great balance of sweet, Black sharp, and tannin. Medium sized deep red fruit. Liberty Standard, Late Productive new variety, resistant to scab and cedar apple M7 September rust. Crisp, juicy, and sweet. Keeps well. Robust and vigorous. An excellent apple for a home orchard. Macfree B118 Late Sweet and aromatic. Similar to its parent macintosh but September with firmer flesh and dramatically improved disease resistance. Macoun M7 Late A Macintosh type with crisp white flesh and very nice September- balanced flavor. Great for fresh eating. October Major Standard Late August- Early ripening bittersweet cider variety. High acid, high September sugar. Melba Standard Late August- Sweet slightly tart Mac cross. Flesh is crisp and bright September white. Nonared Standard September A small (1.5 in) deep red apple with deep red flesh and magenta flowers. Interesting tart flavor. A great addition for red sauce or pies. Found in East Montpelier. Novamac Standard, October Great production and disease resistance. Firm crisp and B118 juicy with pleasant mild acidity. Pear Apple Standard October An E. Montpelier heirloom. Almost fully russeted, over light green. Very firm sweet and flavorful. Great for fresh eating and pies. Hardy, vigorus grower. Pitmaston Standard September Smallish russeted yellow fruit bursting with sweet and Pineapple acidic flavor with a solid hint of pineapple. Heirloom Pixi Standard September- Smallish (2 in) red/purple fruit of this new disease and M7 October resistant variety are sweet with a bright spritely flavor. We love it. Pomfret Pink Early Red Skin bleeds into white flesh. Introduced by carter September Wilkie in Pomfret, VT. High sugar and complex flavor. Pristine Standard August Crisp, very sweet yellow apples are excellent for fresh eating and baking. An easy early apple for the home orchard. Red Baron Standard Late Hardy, productive, quick to start bearing. Striped red September fruit are sweet and mild. Good for fresh eating, pies, and sauce. Some resistant to scab and fireblight. Reine De Standard September Firm fleshed apple with big fruity flavor. Juicy, sweet, and Reinette and M7 tart. Light russet over red blushed fruit. In the slow food ‘Ark of Taste’. Heirloom Ribston Standard September- Highly aromatic and flavorful parent of cox. Sweet and Pippin October sharp, great fresh eating baking or cider. Conical red orange striped fruit. Rubinette Standard September- A cross between golden delicious and cox orange pippin. and M7 October Perhaps our best tasting apple. Red orange striped over yellow with light russeting. Snowsweet Standard September Lovely red fruit with a excellent sweet, slightly tart taste. and M7 White slow to oxidize flesh. Some resistance to scab and fireblight. Stembridge Standard October Bittersweet cider variety from England. Has some acidity, Cluster and not too bad for eating. Hardy and productive. Sweet Standard, Late A red striped apple with excellent unusual flavor “like Sixteen M7, B9 September cherry candy”. Resistant to fireblight and somewhat resistant to scab. Tolman Standard October Distinct sweet flavor grows on you. Firm slightly dry Sweet flesh with little acidity. Yellow, slightly lumpy appearance. Heirloom. Wealthy M7 September Prolific multi-purpose apple. Crisp, sweet, and tart and quick to bear. Heirloom Westfield Standard September Rich honey flavor, slightly buttery but firm texture. Mildly Seek-No- tart. Very good all purpose apple. Heirloom. Further Wickson Standard, October Extremely high sugar and acidity make wicks a great B118 cider apple. Quick to bear and heavy cropping. 1-2” red fruit. Williams Standard August- Spicy, full flavored scab immune early apple. Medium red Pride September fruit. Winecrisp M7 October Outstanding crisp fruity flavor comes from Cox parentage. Deep red color. Resistant to scab and fireblight. Yarlington M111 October Bittersweet cider variety with good aromatics. Heavy Mill cropping. Well suited to Vermont. Zabergau Standard, October A big crunchy russet packed with a zing of sweet sharp M111 flavor. A new favorite. Keeps well. Zestar! Standard Late August Exceptionally sweet and flavorful new variety. Excellent for fresh eating and cooking. Stores well for an early apple. Resistant to fireblight. PEARS (Pyrus spp.) 4-6 ft $65 Pears are a great fruit for Central Vermont. While we are all familiar with the old apple trees that dot our hills, the pears are sadly rare. Though some varieties are not well-suited to our cold climate, many are. Pear trees and fruit suffer from fewer pests and diseases than apple trees, making it easier to grow high quality fruit. Let us cover our hillsides with pears! Pear trees grow similarly to apples but typically with a more upright pattern. We recommend minimal pruning as heavy cutting can lead to very vigorous suckering making trees less productive and more susceptible to fireblight, which can be a problem for some pear varieties. Allowing the trees to bear may be the best way to keep them a manageable size, they can be kept to 15ft with judicious pruning, but many varieties will want to grow to 25 feet or more. Plant 20-30 ft apart. PEAR VARIETIES Variety Season Pollination Description Beierschmidt September Communis Hardy seedling of bartlett. Firm, very juicy, and sweet. Skin too tender for commercial handling. A real treat for those with space in the back yard. Fireblight resistant. Brandy September- Communis A perry pear. Medium acid, low tannin. Not for (Limited) October fresh eating… Cold Snap October Communis A new hardy late season variety. Large fruit with firm flesh and sweet pear flavor. Keeps well. Fireblight resistant.

Early Gold August Ussuriensis Small golden-yellow 1.5” tasty fruit. Good for fresh eating and preserves. Very hardy. Prolific flowering.

Golden Spice September Ussuriensis Heavy flowering hardy tree produces smallish spicy yellow pears good for canning, cooking, and spicing.

Luscious September- Communis Hardy, exceptionally delicious pears. Sweet October Poor juicy medium sized smooth fleshed fruits. Pollinator Everything I have ever wanted in a pear. Fireblight resistant.

Parker10 Late August Communis Large yellow-bronze fruit are tender and juicy. Good Fine grained. A good pollinator for luscious. Pollinator Pick before fully ripe.

Patten September Communis The large fruit are firm, sweet, and juicy. Good Vigorous sprawling habit. Pollinator Savignac September Communis Sweet, juicy and disease resistant. Fruit is relatively round and very hardy.

Seckel Early Communis Also known as ‘sugar pears’. Firm sweet fruit October Self-fertile are very well suited to cooking and canning. Fruit keep well, often into late December. Fireblight resistant.

Shipova Late Self-fertile An unusual cross between pear and mountain (Limited) September ash. The 2” pear-like fruits are firm but buttery and honey sweet. Slow to bear. Fireblight resistant.

Stacyville August- Communis Heavy producer of medium yellow pears with (Limited) September a red blush. Pick in August and ripen off the tree. Vigorous and hardy.

Summercrisp August Communis Crisp juicy fruits with mild flavor. Harvest and Good eat early while flesh is firm. Trees are robust Pollinator and vigorous. Fruit stores when picked early.

Tawara Early Self-fertile A new hardy asian pear variety. 2” fruit are September crisp and sweet and delicious. Hardy to -30.

Tyson September Communis Delicious creamy fruit make great fresh eating. Vigorous annually productive and hardy. Fireblight resistant.

Ure Late Ussuriensis Green yellow 2” fruit are very juicy, good for September eating and canning. Sturdy trees are extremely hardy. Fireblight resistant.

Waterville September Communis Hardy vigorous grower with sweet yellow (Limited) fruit. Variety Season Pollination Description Beierschmidt September Communis Hardy seedling of bartlett. Firm, very juicy, and sweet. Skin too tender for commercial handling. A real treat for those with space in the back yard. Fireblight resistant. Brandy September- Communis A perry pear. Medium acid, low tannin. Not for (Limited) October fresh eating… Cold Snap October Communis A new hardy late season variety. Large fruit Pear Pollination: There are two differentwith firm flesh strains and sweet of pear: pear flavor. communis Keeps (European) and ussuriensis (Siberian), well.which Fireblight flower resistant. at slightly different Earlytimes Gold and willAugust not reliablyUssuriensis pollinate eachSmall other. golden-yellow Plant 1.5”communis tasty fruit. Goodtypes for with communis types, and ussuriensis freshtypes eating with and ussuriensispreserves. Very typeshardy. Prolific flowering. for most reliable fruit set. Plant at least two different varieties for Goldenpollination. Spice SomeSeptember pear varietiesUssuriensis produceHeavy very flowering little hardy pollen tree producesmaking smallishthem spicy yellow pears good for canning, cooking, poor pollinators for other trees. If plantingand spicing. a poor pollinator plant at least three different varieties. The more the merrier! Luscious September- Communis Hardy, exceptionally delicious pears. Sweet October Poor juicy medium sized smooth fleshed fruits. PEAR VARIETIES (continued)Pollinator Everything I have ever wanted in a pear. Variety Season Pollination Fireblight resistant.Description BeierschmidtParker SeptemberLate August Communis HardyLarge yellow-bronzeseedling of bartlett. fruit areFirm, tender very andjuicy, juicy. and Good sweet.Fine grained. Skin too A goodtender pollinator for commercial for luscious. Pollinator handling.Pick before A real fully treat ripe. for those with space in the back yard. Fireblight resistant. Patten September Communis The large fruit are firm, sweet, and juicy. Brandy September- CommunisGood VigorousA perry pear. sprawling Medium habit. acid, low tannin. Not for (Limited) October Pollinator fresh eating… ColdSavignac Snap OctoberSeptember Communis ASweet, new juicyhardy and late disease season resistant. variety. Large Fruit fruitis withrelatively firm roundflesh and and sweet very hardy.pear flavor. Keeps well. Fireblight resistant. Seckel Early Communis Also known as ‘sugar pears’. Firm sweet fruit Early Gold AugustOctober UssuriensisSelf-fertile Smallare very golden-yellow well suited to1.5” cooking tasty fruit. and Goodcanning. for freshFruit keepeating well, and oftenpreserves. into late Very December. hardy. Prolific flowering.Fireblight resistant.

GoldenShipova Spice SeptemberLate UssuriensisSelf-fertile HeavyAn unusual flowering cross hardy between tree pear produces and mountain smallish (Limited) September spicyash. The yellow 2” pear-like pears good fruits for are canning, firm but cooking, buttery and spicing.honey sweet. Slow to bear. Fireblight resistant. Luscious September- Communis Hardy, exceptionally delicious pears. Sweet Stacyville OctoberAugust- PoorCommunis juicyHeavy medium producer sized of mediumsmooth fleshedyellow pearsfruits. with (Limited) September Pollinator Everythinga red blush. I havePick inever August wanted and in ripen a pear. off the Fireblighttree. Vigorous resistant. and hardy.

ParkerSummercrisp LateAugust August Communis LargeCrisp juicyyellow-bronze fruits with fruit mild are flavor. tender Harvest and juicy.and Good Fineeat early grained. while A goodflesh ispollinator firm. Trees for are luscious. robust Pollinator Pickand vigorous.before fully Fruit ripe. stores when picked early.

PattenTawara SeptemberEarly CommunisSelf-fertile TheA new large hardy fruit asian are firm,pear sweet,variety. and 2” fruitjuicy. are September Good Vigorouscrisp and sprawlingsweet and habit. delicious. Hardy to -30. Pollinator Tyson September Communis Delicious creamy fruit make great fresh eating. Savignac September Communis VigorousSweet, juicy annually and disease productive resistant. and Fruithardy. is Fireblightrelatively roundresistant. and very hardy.

UreSeckel LateEarly UssuriensisCommunis GreenAlso known yellow as 2” ‘sugar fruit pears’.are very Firm juicy, sweet good fruit for SeptemberOctober Self-fertile eatingare very and well canning. suited Sturdy to cooking trees andare canning.extremely hardy.Fruit keep Fireblight well, oftenresistant. into late December. Fireblight resistant. Waterville September Communis Hardy vigorous grower with sweet yellow (Limited)Shipova Late Self-fertile fruit.An unusual cross between pear and mountain (Limited) September ash. The 2” pear-like fruits are firm but buttery11 and honey sweet. Slow to bear. Fireblight resistant.

Stacyville August- Communis Heavy producer of medium yellow pears with (Limited) September a red blush. Pick in August and ripen off the tree. Vigorous and hardy.

Summercrisp August Communis Crisp juicy fruits with mild flavor. Harvest and Good eat early while flesh is firm. Trees are robust Pollinator and vigorous. Fruit stores when picked early.

Tawara Early Self-fertile A new hardy asian pear variety. 2” fruit are September crisp and sweet and delicious. Hardy to -30.

Tyson September Communis Delicious creamy fruit make great fresh eating. Vigorous annually productive and hardy. Fireblight resistant.

Ure Late Ussuriensis Green yellow 2” fruit are very juicy, good for September eating and canning. Sturdy trees are extremely hardy. Fireblight resistant.

Waterville September Communis Hardy vigorous grower with sweet yellow (Limited) fruit. PLUMS (Prunus spp.) 4-6 ft $65 Plums grow well in Central Vermont. They are beautiful flowering trees worth planting as ornamentals. Many varieties start bearing their sweet, juicy fruit in as little as one or two years after planting. Late frost sometimes damages spring flowers reducing crops. Coating developing fruit with kaolin clay (surround® spray) just after petal drop can dramatically reduce fruit loss to the pest plum curculio. Most varieties will grow to about 15 ft. Most hardy plums are crosses between American and Japanese plums. The Toka plum or seedling American plums are the best pollinators for these varieties. For best pollination, plant three or more varieties close together (8-15 feet). Plum Varieties Variety Season Pollination Description Alderman Late August Plant with toka Large, bright red fruit are soft and sweet. or seedling Excellent fresh eating and cooking. Quick to start bearing. Black Ice September Plant with toka Very hardy dark purple plum with sweet or seedling dense red flesh. Close to the Japanese plums of CA. Delicious. Compact weepy growth pattern. Elmore Gold Late August Plant with toka Tender small golden fruit. Vigorous and or seedling heavy bearing. Discovered at Elmore Roots. Greengage September Self-fertile European type with yellow green fruit. Extremely sweet, tender, and delicious. Kahinta Late August Plant with toka Tart deep red skin and sweet tart flavorful or seedling flesh. Can be kept small. Heavy bearing. La Crescent August Plant with toka Tender smallish, yellow-orange plums, or seedling excellent for fresh eating and preserves. Ripens early. Vigorous grower. An East Hill favorite. Mount Royal September Self-fertile European prune type plum. Tender and juicy. Good for fresh eating or cooking and preserves. Handsome growth pattern. Hardy. Self-fertile. 12Pipestone Late August Plant with toka Large red fruit with gold flesh. Juicy, with or seedling excellent sweet flavor. Extremely hardy. Seedling Late August Plant with toka Seedling American plum makes an or seedling excellent pollinator for the other plums. Fruit tend to be smaller with very tart skin. $25 each Superior Early Plant with toka Medium dark red fruit are sweet, juicy, September or seedling and excellent for fresh eating. Trees are vigorous, hardy, and heavy-bearing. Toka Late August Plant with Medium-size, red-orange fruit are very seedling or two sweet with fantastic floral candy flavor. other plums Extremely hardy. Excellent pollinator, recommended for every plum patch. Underwood August Plant with toka Juicy red fruit with sweet yellow flesh. or seedling Heavy bloom, likely a good pollinator for other hybrid plums. Waneta August Plant with toka Large red plums with yellow flesh are or seedling sweet and juicy. Extremely hardy. Consistently the heaviest producer on the farm. Variety Season Pollination Description Compass August Plant with A cross between a cherry and plum. sapalta Excels for jams, jellies, and sauces. Good fresh eating. Skin is tart. Very hardy and quick to bear. Pollinate with sapalta. Sapalta August Plant with A cross between a cherry and plum. compass Dense purple flesh and purple skin are delicious for fresh eating. Freestone. Pollinate with compass. Variety Season Pollination Description Alderman Late August Plant with toka Large, bright red fruit are soft and sweet. or seedling Excellent fresh eating and cooking. Quick to start bearing. Black Ice September Plant with toka Very hardy dark purple plum with sweet or seedling dense red flesh. Close to the Japanese plums of CA. Delicious. Compact weepy growth pattern. Late August Plant with toka Tender small golden fruit. Vigorous and ElmoreVariety Gold Season Pollination Description or seedling heavy bearing. Discovered at Elmore Alderman Late August Plant with toka Large,Roots. bright red fruit are soft and sweet. or seedling Excellent fresh eating and cooking. Quick Greengage September Self-fertile toEuropean start bearing. type with yellow green fruit. Extremely sweet, tender, and delicious. Black Ice September Plant with toka Very hardy dark purple plum with sweet Kahinta Late August orPlant seedling with toka denseTart deep red redflesh. skin Close and to sweet the Japanesetart flavorful or seedling plumsflesh. Can of CA. be keptDelicious. small. CompactHeavy bearing. weepy La Crescent August Plant with toka growthTender smallish,pattern. yellow-orange plums, or seedling excellent for fresh eating and preserves. Elmore Gold Late August Plant with toka Tender small golden fruit. Vigorous and or seedling heavyRipens bearing. early. Vigorous Discovered grower. at Elmore An East Hill Roots.favorite. September Self-fertile European prune type plum. Tender and GreengageMount Royal September Self-fertile European type with yellow green fruit. Extremelyjuicy. Good sweet, for fresh tender, eating and or delicious. cooking and Plum Varieties preserves. Handsome growth pattern. KahintaVariety LateSeason August PlantPollination with toka TartHardy. deep Self-fertile. red skinDescription and sweet tart flavorful or seedling flesh. Can be kept small. Heavy bearing. AldermanPipestone Late August Plant with toka Large,Large redbright fruit red with fruit gold are flesh.soft andJuicy, sweet. with La Crescent August Plantor seedling with toka TenderExcellentexcellent smallish, freshsweet eating yellow-orangeflavor. andExtremely cooking. plums, hardy. Quick or seedling excellentto start bearing. for fresh eating and preserves. Seedling Late August Plant with toka RipensSeedling early. American Vigorous plum grower. makes An an East Hill Black Ice September Plantor seedling with toka favorite.Veryexcellent hardy pollinator dark purple for theplum other with plums.sweet or seedling denseFruit tend red flesh.to be Closesmaller to with the Japanesevery tart Mount Royal September Self-fertile Europeanplumsskin. $25 of CA. pruneeach Delicious. type plum. Compact Tender weepy and juicy.growth Good pattern. for fresh eating or cooking and Superior Early Plant with toka preserves.Medium dark Handsome red fruit growth are sweet, pattern. juicy, Elmore Gold LateSeptember August Plantor seedling with toka Hardy.Tenderand excellent Self-fertile. small golden for fresh fruit. eating. Vigorous Trees and are or seedling heavyvigorous, bearing. hardy, Discovered and heavy-bearing. at Elmore Pipestone Late August Plant with toka LargeRoots. red fruit with gold flesh. Juicy, with Toka Late August orPlant seedling with excellentMedium-size, sweet red-orange flavor. Extremely fruit are hardy. very Greengage September Self-fertileseedling or two Europeansweet with type fantastic with yellowfloral candy green flavor. fruit. Seedling Late August Plantother with plums toka SeedlingExtremely American sweet,hardy. Excellenttender, plum makesand pollinator, delicious. an or seedling excellentrecommended pollinator for every for the plum other patch. plums. Kahinta Late August Plant with toka FruitTart deeptend redto be skin smaller and sweet with verytart flavorfultart August orPlant seedling with toka flesh.Juicy redCan fruit be kept with small. sweet Heavy yellow bearing. flesh. Underwood skin. $25 each or seedling Heavy bloom, likely a good pollinator for August Plant with toka Tender smallish, yellow-orange plums, SuperiorLa Crescent Early Plant with toka Mediumother hybrid dark plums.red fruit are sweet, juicy, September or seedling andexcellent excellent for freshfor fresh eating eating. and Treespreserves. are Waneta August Plant with toka vigorous,RipensLarge red early. hardy, plums Vigorous and with heavy-bearing. yellowgrower. flesh An East are Hill or seedling favorite.sweet and juicy. Extremely hardy. Late August Plant with Medium-size,Consistently thered-orange heaviest fruitproducer are very on the Toka September Self-fertile European prune type plum. Tender and Mount Royal seedling or two sweetfarm. with fantastic floral candy flavor. other plums Extremelyjuicy. Good hardy. for fresh Excellent eating pollinator, or cooking and Variety Season Pollination recommendedpreserves. HandsomeDescription for every growth plum pattern.patch. Hardy. Self-fertile. August Plant with A cross between a cherry and plum. UnderwoodCompass August Plant with toka Juicy red fruit with sweet yellow flesh. CHERRYPipestone PLUMSLate August (PrunusorPlantsapalta spp.) seedling with toka HeavyLargeExcels redbloom,for fruitjams, likely with jellies, agold good and flesh.4-6 sauces.pollinator Juicy,ft Good$65 with for or seedling otherexcellentfresh eating.hybrid sweet Skinplums. flavor. is tart. Extremely Very hardy hardy. and Very hardy crosses between a cherry and plum. The attractive small trees flower Late August Plant with toka Seedlingquick to Americanbear. Pollinate plum with makes sapalta. an profuselyWanetaSeedling in spring.August Quick to bear,Plant with with fruit toka theLarge size red of aplums small with plum, yellow eating flesh quality are August orPlant seedling with sweetexcellentA cross and between pollinator juicy. Extremely a cherryfor the andhardy. other plum. plums. isSapalta good typically with tart skin and sweet flesh. Fruit tend to be smaller with very tart compass ConsistentlyDense purple the flesh heaviest and purple producer skin areon the Cherry Plum Varieties skin. $25 each farm.delicious for fresh eating. Freestone. Early Plant with toka Medium dark red fruit are sweet, juicy, Superior Pollinate with compass. Variety SeptemberSeason orPollination seedling and excellent forDescription fresh eating. Trees are Compass August Plant with Avigorous, cross between hardy, and a cherry heavy-bearing. and plum. sapalta Excels for jams, jellies, and sauces. Good Toka Late August Plant with Medium-size, red-orange fruit are very seedling or two freshsweet eating. with fantastic Skin is tart. floral Very candy hardy flavor. and other plums quickExtremely to bear. hardy. Pollinate Excellent with pollinator, sapalta. recommended for every plum patch. Sapalta August Plant with A cross between a cherry and plum. Underwood August compassPlant with toka DenseJuicy red purple fruit withflesh sweetand purple yellow skin flesh. are or seedling deliciousHeavy bloom, for fresh likely eating. a good Freestone. pollinator for Pollinateother hybrid with plums. compass. Waneta August Plant with toka Large red plums with yellow flesh are or seedling sweet and juicy. Extremely hardy. Consistently the heaviest producer on the farm. Variety Season Pollination Description 13 Compass August Plant with A cross between a cherry and plum. sapalta Excels for jams, jellies, and sauces. Good fresh eating. Skin is tart. Very hardy and quick to bear. Pollinate with sapalta. Sapalta August Plant with A cross between a cherry and plum. compass Dense purple flesh and purple skin are delicious for fresh eating. Freestone. Pollinate with compass. CHERRIES (Prunus spp.) 4-6 ft $65 The hardiest cherries are considered “tart cherries” or “pie cherries”, but we definitely enjoy eating them fresh. They are often short-lived (12-25 years) but very beautiful, small trees (10-15 feet) with prolific, early, spring flowers, shiny, maroon bark, and glossy foliage. Cherries prefer very well-drained soils and full sun. They are a lovely garden tree and will be very happy on the north edge of the vegetable garden or in the midst of your perennials. A few sweet cherries are now consistently listed as zone 4 hardy, we are wary. Performance has been mixed here on the farm. Worth planting in Southern Vermont or the Champlain Valley. These trees are vigorous growers and if unpruned can reach 20 feet. Protect from birds and revel in fruit. Tart cherries and some sweet cherries are self fertile. All will probably produce more Pie Cherry Varieties Variety Season Pollination Description Evans Bali August Self-fertile Fruits in August, late for a cherry, often making it easier to get to the fruits before the birds. Very hardy. Excellent for fresh Variety Season Pollination eating and baking.Description MesabiEvans Bali JulyAugust Self-fertile LovelyFruits indensely August, growing late for pyramidal a cherry, oftentree growsmaking to it abouteasier 12’.to getBright to the red fruits fruit arebefore sweetthe birds. for Verya tart hardy. cherry. Excellent for fresh eating and baking. Meteor July Self-fertile A marginally sweeter pie cherry. Likely a Mesabi July Self-fertile crossLovely between densely agrowing sweet andpyramidal tart cherry. tree A naturalgrows to dwarf. about 12’. Bright red fruit are sweet for a tart cherry. Montmorency July Self-fertile Large, tart, red fruit. Excellent for pie or Meteor July Self-fertile preserves.A marginally Vigorous sweeter and pie productive. cherry. Likely Best a performercross between on our a sweet farm. and tart cherry. A natural dwarf. Sweet Cherry July Self-fertile New variety we are trying out. Reportedly PieMontmorency July Self-fertile theLarge, sweetest tart, red fruit fruit. of Excellentany of the for pie pie or cherries.preserves. Grows Vigorous to 15’.and productive. Best performer on our farm. Variety Season Pollination Description July Self-fertile New variety we are trying out. Reportedly LapinSweet (sweet) Cherry Early July Self-fertile Deep red cherries are very large, very Pie the sweetest fruit of any of the pie Sweet Cherry Varieties sweet and very juicy. Try it in a warm zone 4.cherries. Grows to 15’. Variety Season Pollination Description Stella (sweet) Late July Self-fertile Hardy wood and more tender fruit buds. Lapin (sweet) Early July Self-fertile VigorousDeep red tree cherries and heavyare very producer large, very of sweet heart-shapedand very juicy. black Try it fruit. in a warm zone Variety Season Pollination 4. Description ContenderStella (sweet) Late AugustJuly Self-fertile AHardy new woodhardy andpeach. more Blooms tender late. fruit buds. ReportedlyVigorous tree productive and heavy in producerCalais. Sweet, of andsweet extremely heart-shaped juicy. black fruit. PF-24CVariety LateSeason August Self-fertilePollination C is for cold-hardy.Description Despite the 14 unflattering name PF-24C produced the Contender Late August Self-fertile A new hardy peach. Blooms late. bestReportedly peaches productive here on the in Calais.farm. Sweet, Reliance Late August Self-fertile Developedand extremely by Irwinjuicy. Meader in NH. Reputedly the hardiest peach variety. Large PF-24C Late August Self-fertile C is for cold-hardy. Despite the cropsunflattering of sweet, name awesome PF-24C peaches.produced the best peaches here on the farm. Reliance Late August Self-fertile Developed by Irwin Meader in NH. Reputedly the hardiest peach variety. Large crops of sweet, awesome peaches. Variety Season Pollination Description Evans Bali August Self-fertile Fruits in August, late for a cherry, often making it easier to get to the fruits before the birds. Very hardy. Excellent for fresh eating and baking. Mesabi July Self-fertile Lovely densely growing pyramidal tree grows to about 12’. Bright red fruit are PEACHES 4-6 ft $65 sweet for a tart cherry. Meteor July Self-fertile A marginally sweeter pie cherry. Likely a Peach trees can be found surviving on cross between a sweet and tart cherry. A several sites in central Vermont. We had a natural dwarf. modest crop in both 2017 and 2018. Cold July Self-fertile Large, tart, red fruit. Excellent for pie or willMontmorency eventually wreck peach trees outside of the Champlain Valley or the southern half preserves. Vigorous and productive. Best of the Vermont. However they are vigorous performer on our farm. andSweet quick Cherry to flower July and with a littleSelf-fertile luck can New variety we are trying out. Reportedly bearPie fruit. the sweetest fruit of any of the pie Plant in a well drained location where the cherries. Grows to 15’. soil willVariety be shaded fromSeason winter sunPollination but Description theLapin tree (sweet) top will beEarly in full July sun duringSelf-fertile the Deep red cherries are very large, very growing season. Cold soil in spring will sweet and very juicy. Try it in a warm zone delay flowering and help protect them from frost4. damage. Protect the trunks Variety Season Pollination Description from warm southwest sun in winter that can cause injury. Stella (sweet) Late July Self-fertile Hardy wood and more tender fruit buds. Evans Bali August Self-fertile Fruits in August, late for a cherry, often We do not guarantee the winter hardiness of peaches.Vigorous tree and heavy producer of making it easier to get to the fruits before Peach Varieties sweet heart-shaped black fruit. the birds. Very hardy. Excellent for fresh Variety Season Pollination Description Variety Season Pollination eating and baking.Description Contender Late August Self-fertile A new hardy peach. Blooms late. MesabiEvans Bali JulyAugust Self-fertile LovelyFruits indensely August, growing late for pyramidal a cherry, oftentree Reportedly productive in Calais. Sweet, growsmaking to it abouteasier 12’.to getBright to the red fruits fruit arebefore and extremely juicy. the birds. Very hardy. Excellent for fresh sweet for a tart cherry. PF-24C Late August Self-fertile C is for cold-hardy. Despite the eating and baking. Meteor July Self-fertile A marginally sweeter pie cherry. Likely a unflattering name PF-24C produced the Mesabi July Self-fertile crossLovely between densely agrowing sweet andpyramidal tart cherry. tree A best peaches here on the farm. naturalgrows to dwarf. about 12’. Bright red fruit are Reliance Late August Self-fertile Developed by Irwin Meader in NH. Reputedly the hardiest peach variety. Large July Self-fertile Large,sweet tart,for a red tart fruit. cherry. Excellent for pie or Montmorency crops of sweet, awesome peaches. Meteor July Self-fertile preserves.A marginally Vigorous sweeter and pie productive. cherry. Likely Best a performercross between on our a sweet farm. and tart cherry. A natural dwarf. Sweet Cherry July Self-fertile New variety we are trying out. Reportedly PieMontmorency July Self-fertile theLarge, sweetest tart, red fruit fruit. of Excellentany of the for pie pie or cherries.preserves. Grows Vigorous to 15’.and productive. Best performer on our farm. Variety Season Pollination Description July Self-fertile New variety we are trying out. Reportedly LapinSweet (sweet) Cherry Early July Self-fertile Deep red cherries are very large, very Pie sweetthe sweetest and very fruit juicy. of Tryany itof in the a warm pie zone 4.cherries. Grows to 15’. Variety Season Pollination Description Stella (sweet) Late July Self-fertile Hardy wood and more tender fruit buds. Lapin (sweet) Early July Self-fertile VigorousDeep red tree cherries and heavyare very producer large, very of sweet heart-shapedand very juicy. black Try it fruit. in a warm zone Variety Season Pollination 4. Description ContenderStella (sweet) Late AugustJuly Self-fertile AHardy new woodhardy andpeach. more Blooms tender late. fruit buds. ReportedlyVigorous tree productive and heavy in producerCalais. Sweet, of andsweet extremely heart-shaped juicy. black fruit. PF-24CVariety LateSeason August Self-fertilePollination C is for cold-hardy.Description Despite the unflattering name PF-24C produced the 15 Contender Late August Self-fertile A new hardy peach. Blooms late. bestReportedly peaches productive here on the in Calais.farm. Sweet, Reliance Late August Self-fertile Developedand extremely by Irwinjuicy. Meader in NH. Reputedly the hardiest peach variety. Large PF-24C Late August Self-fertile C is for cold-hardy. Despite the cropsunflattering of sweet, name awesome PF-24C peaches.produced the best peaches here on the farm. Reliance Late August Self-fertile Developed by Irwin Meader in NH. Reputedly the hardiest peach variety. Large crops of sweet, awesome peaches. QUINCE 4 - 5 ft $59 fleshy berries over a long season. Fruit are adored by birds and small children. (Cydonia oblonga) Beautiful compact small trees (maybe 10 ft) with large Vigorous and adaptable. We have white flowers followed by incredibly un-sexed seedlings (only the females fragrant waxy fruit. Worth keeping on produce fruit and will produce fruit the table just for the aroma. Purported without a male. May suffer significant to have near magical ability to reduce winter damage in colder (zone 3) pest damage in the orchard. Self-fertile locations. and will tolerate a half day of sun. RABINA MOUNTAIN ASH Considered hardy to Zone 5, we are (Sorbus aucuparia) An unusual giving them a shot, no guarantees. European mountain ash with tasty non- Orange: A classic quince variety. Large, bitter fruit. Clusters of red berries follow round, tender bright yellow citrus white blooms on an attractive upright flavored fruit are super aromatic. small tree. Fruit are good for fresh MULBERRY $29 each or 3 for $59 eating, preserves, baking, or the birds. (Morus alba) Prolific producers of sweet Companions for Your Fruit Trees All kinds of things can be grown as companions for fruit trees bringing with them a wide range of benefits. Grass need not be the dominant species under our trees, in fact, they would prefer it otherwise. Fruit trees are often happiest growing in the midst of a perennial or herb garden. A few categories of plants are particularly well suited to growing with our fruit trees. Broad leafed and deep rooted plants such as: comfrey, dandelion, elecampane, echinacea, borage, rhubarb, or horseradish. These compete very little with fruit tree roots and improve the soil. Strongly aromatic plants that may help deter pests: applemint, spearmint, peppermint, beebalm, artemesias, mugwort, yarrow, or anise hyssop. Nitrogen fixers or dynamic accumulators such as: lupine, baptisia, thermopsis, comfrey, or clovers. Beneficial insect attractants and pollinator supporters: angelica, cow parsnip, clovers, sweet cicily, or valerian. This list is far from complete. Many plants perform more than one function including meeting our needs for food, medicine, and beauty. Some of these species are available for sale here at East Hill Tree Farm.

16 John Wire’s chestnuts harvested in Plainfield, VT! NUT TREES Nuts provide essential food for a wide range of mammal and bird species and are an incredibly resilient source for high quality fat and protein. The natural range of nut trees (particularly those most useful) followed settlement of the indigenous people in the Northeast; it is in our nature to spread nut trees. We offer a variety of nut trees well suited to Central Vermont.

Currently many of the local beech and butternut trees are dying from disease and the Vermont landscape is losing a vital source of nutrition for many species. Animals are beginning to move nut trees (mostly red oaks, though some white oak and hickory) deeper into our northern forests. However their capacities and ranges are limited. Thanks to the work of breeders and backyard gardeners (as well as the somewhat more mild winters of the past few years), there are a variety of nut trees we can plant to enrich our local ecology.

Many nut trees are tap-rooted, making it very difficult to transplant large trees (however small trees are inexpensive and transplant easily). Many species do not grow well in pots and are best transplanted directly from growing beds in the early spring or late fall. We encourage planting bare-root nut trees available only in the early spring or late fall. Nut trees may grow slowly for one or two years and take off once the taproot is established. Most nut trees also produce high quality timber, and may be coppice managed. Give trees plenty of space and you will never regret planting a nut tree.

17 CHESTNUT $19-$29 HAZELNUT $19 (Castenea dentata X) American (Corylus spp.) The most reliable nut chestnuts were once the dominant forest producer for our area. These vigorous tree east of the Mississippi. In 1904 suckering shrubs begin to produce sweet the chestnut blight arrived from China oil rich nuts in 4 - 6 years. They are and within 20 years a combination of beloved by chipmunks squirrels and jays. disease and preemptive logging caused They make an excellent rugged species the tree to go nearly extinct. Small and for hedges and wind breaks. They are large scale breeders all over the country wind pollinated but the heavy pollen have been working to bring back the does not travel far. Plant at least two American chestnut. Chestnuts are 4-10 feet apart for pollination. easy to harvest and process, and are of tremendous value to wildlife. No species Hybrid Hazelnut: has adequately filled the gap left by A complex cross selected on Mark the American chestnut; its return is a Shepherd’s farm for disease resistance blessing on the land. and productivity. Somewhat variable in form and productivity, some producing Plant chestnuts on a well drained site clusters of 8 or more nuts. Plants are with good sun. Give them some love impressively robust and vigorous and attention and keep weeds back for the first few years. Sometimes leaves on BLACK WALNUT $12 young trees show signs of iron deficiency (yellowing between the veins) which can (Juglans nigra) These beautiful trees are be corrected with sulfur. Once settled in cherished for their high-quality timber. they are rapid growers. Walnuts make beautiful yard trees but are not commonly planted due a long PLANT 2-3 FOR POLLINATION. taproot which makes large trees very difficult to transplant. Once the taproot East Hill Open Pollinated: is established trees can grow quickly. The Grown from seed collected on the farm. rich, oily nuts are high in protein and are Yeah! Parent trees are American crosses. appreciated by people and wildlife alike. They show good hardiness and have a Best transplanted as bare-roots in early good chance for resistance to chestnut spring or late fall. blight. BUTTERNUT $12 Chinquapin Cross: The parent tree is by far the most (Juglans cinerea) Once a fixture of every productive on the farm. A complex farm yard in Vermont, disease has made chinquapin chestnut cross. Has shown them less common. Butternuts grow good disease resistance. Likely to stay quickly and produce sweet oily nuts. small, maybe 25 ft. May suffer winter Seed selected from healthy local parent damage in colder locations. trees.

Looking for something else? Additional species are available. Let us know what you are looking for; we may have it or be able to find it. Please inquire for volume discounts.

18 KOREAN NUT PINE $25 Swamp White Oak: (Quercus bi-color) (Pinus koraiensis) A hardy five needle A fast growing white oak adaptable to pine similar to white pine. Produces wetter soils. sweet, large, rich pine nuts. Initially Red Oak: (Quercus rubra) Red oaks low to grow and slow to bear. Plant in seem to be popping up all over Central well drained soil. May benefit from a bit Vermont as birds and rodents move of white pine forest soil in the hole to them up river corridors. They are fast promote mycorhizal associations. Self- growing and hardy.Grown from seed fertile but better with a partner. Mature collected in Hubbard Park. height 30-40 ft. Bur Oak: (Quercus macrocarpa) An OAKS $25 extremely hardy and adaptable white (Quercus spp.) A wide variety of oaks oak type. Will grow into a broad and thrive in Central Vermont. Acorns massive tree given time. require a bit of processing before they Burgambel Oak: (Quercus macrocarpa are good for human consumption, but x gambelli) A hardy hybrid oak selected they are a fantastic food for all sorts of rapid growth and nut production. Nuts wildlife. Oaks are adaptable to a wide are sweet for acorns. range of soils and become large stately trees. White Oak: (Quercus alba) Regal, slow growing and very long lived. A majestic tree for large areas.

Growing Nut Trees from Seed Propagating nut trees from seed is a great idea and easy enough to do, given some basic information. 1. Collect fresh ripe nuts in the fall, not old dry nuts out of season. Select the best looking nuts with no obvious signs of damage. Remove any soft hulls as with black walnut or hickory. 2. Cold stratify the nuts for at least two months. A period of cold is necessary for most nuts to germinate (white oaks are one exception, germinating in the fall). In the fridge or in the ground over the winter both work well. 3. Plant the nuts in a garden bed or a permanent location and protect from rodents. Rodents will dig up and destroy nuts even after germination. Protect with pots, tree-tubes, hardware cloth... 4. Weed and mulch the seedlings. Transplant within two years of germination if necessary. Protect them from deer and give them plenty space to grow.

19 BLUEBERRIES (Vaccinium spp.) $19, $29 A delicious and much loved North American native. Blueberries are worth planting by the dozen. Everyone and their grandparents should have put in a blueberry patch 15 years ago. The least we can do is plant one today. Most of our varieties are highbush (maturing to 4-6 feet). Highbush blueberries tend to be the most productive, easiest to pick, and have the largest berries. Blueberries need an acidic soil (PH 4.5 - 5.5) and prefer a well drained site with good fungal activity. Amend soil with sulfur, peat moss, compost, and mulch. Though they will tolerate some shade, fruit production improves dramatically with full sun. Blueberries are somewhat self-fertile but fruit are larger and more abundant with a few different varieties. We recommend planting with sulfur for $1/plant (suitable for organic production). Variety Season Berry size Description Bluecrop Mid Large Consistent yields, disease resistance, and high quality medium-large fruit. Sweet fruits ripen over a long period. Excellent flavor, great fresh or frozen. Bluegold Mid Medium-large Forms large clusters of uniformly ripening delicious berries for fast picking. Grows compactly with yellow-gold stems. Blueray Early-mid Large Large berries with excellent flavor, consistent producer. Spectacular red fall color. Duke Early Very large Our earliest ripening variety with consistent heavy yields. Plants are stocky and upright. May be risky in the coldest Vermont locations. Jersey Late Medium One of the oldest blueberry varieties. Easy-to- grow, producing heavy crops of very sweet fruit. Good for baking. Excellent for home gardeners. Late season. Little Giant Mid Small Small dark blue berries on an upright plant. Outstanding wild blueberry flavor. Northblue Mid Medium An extremely cold hardy half-high variety (grows only 2-3 feet). Good producer of dark blue berries. Excellent wild flavor.

20Northland Early-mid Small-Medium A highly productive half-high variety (4ft). Very hardy. Fruit ripens early. Vigorous, spreading, suckering growth pattern keeps wood young and clusters fat. Patriot Early Very large Excellent flavor on an open vigorous plant. Slightly squat berries. Fruits ripens early. An old variety popular in Vermont. Reka Early Medium Vigorous and adaptable to heavier soil types. Heavy yields of dark berries with excellent flavor. Variety Season Berry size Description Bluecrop Mid Large Consistent yields, disease resistance, and high quality medium-large fruit. Sweet fruits ripen over a long period. Excellent flavor, great fresh or frozen. Bluegold Mid Medium-large Forms large clusters of uniformly ripening delicious berries for fast picking. Grows compactly with yellow-gold stems. Blueray Early-mid Large Large berries with excellent flavor, consistent producer. Spectacular red fall color. Duke Early Very large Our earliest ripening variety with consistent heavy yields. Plants are stocky and upright. May be risky in the coldest Vermont locations. Jersey Late Medium One of the oldest blueberry varieties. Easy-to- grow, producing heavy crops of very sweet fruit. Good for baking. Excellent for home gardeners. Late season. Little Giant Mid Small Small dark blue berries on an upright plant. Outstanding wild blueberry flavor. Northblue Mid Medium An extremely cold hardy half-high variety (grows Blueberries (continued) only 2-3 feet). Good producer of dark blue Variety Season Berry size berries. Excellent Descriptionwild flavor. BluecropNorthland MidEarly-mid LargeSmall-Medium ConsistentA highly productive yields, disease half-high resistance, variety (4ft).and highVery qualityhardy. Fruit medium-large ripens early. fruit. Vigorous, Sweet fruits spreading, ripen over asuckering long period. growth Excellent pattern flavor, keeps great wood fresh young or and frozen.clusters fat. BluegoldPatriot MidEarly Medium-largeVery large FormsExcellent large flavor clusters on an of open uniformly vigorous ripening plant. Slightly delicioussquat berries. berries Fruits for ripensfast picking. early. AnGrows old variety compactlypopular in Vermont.with yellow-gold stems. BluerayReka Early-midEarly LargeMedium LargeVigorous berries and adaptablewith excellent to heavier flavor, soilconsistent types. producer.Heavy yields Spectacular of dark berries red fall with color. excellent flavor. Early Very large Our earliest ripening variety with consistent Duke $19-$29 Currants and Gooseberriesheavy yields. Plants are stocky and upright. May be Currants and gooseberries (ribes species)risky have in longthe coldest been Vermontpopular locations.in Europe, but followingJerseyRed Currants attemptsLate at eradicationRustMedium due to fearsOne of of the the oldest Descriptionwhite blueberry pine blister varieties. rust, Easy-to- they are hardly known here Resistantin the US. Native varietiesgrow, producingcan be found heavy throughoutcrops of very thesweet woods fruit. in Vermont.Cherry Red Named varietiesNo have beenVery hardy chosenGood and for veryfor fruit baking. productive. quality. Excellent MildewMany for home haveresistant. gardeners.also Good been as selected for resistance to the whitean ediblepine blister Lateornamental. season. rust. The low shrubs produce clusters of delicious, sweet-tart fruits which are high in pectin thus excellent for preserves. LittleJonkheer Giant VanMid No Small Vigorous Smallupright dark growth blue berrieswith long on strigsan upright and goodplant. sized OneTets of the only berries that will veryproduce flavorfulOutstanding a crop berries. in the Ripenswild shade, blueberry early. ribes flavor. thrive in cooler spots, near trees or protected from hot late afternoon sun. They like fertile soils NorthbluePink Mid Ye s MediumPerhaps theAn bestextremely tasting cold red hardycurrant half-high for fresh variety eating. (grows rich in organic matter. Plants are self-fertile, but may produce better crops with a Vigorous, onlyupright, 2-3 andfeet). resistant Good producer to mildew of darkand rust.blue pollinator.Champagne Plant 4-6 feet apart or closer for a hedge. berries. Excellent wild flavor. Rovada No Largest berries borne on long strigs make for easy harvest. BLACK CURRANTS (Ribes nigrum.) Northland Early-mid Small-MediumExcellent Aflavor highly and productive disease resistance. half-high variety (4ft). Very Black currants tend to be hardy and vigorous.hardy. TheFruit ripensdeep early.black Vigorous,berries spreading,are tart and Viking Ye s Vigorous with good yields of tart bright red berries. flavorful. Okay for fresh eating when fully ripe but fantastic lightly sweetened for Excellent suckeringresistance growth to white pattern pine blisterkeeps woodrust. young and preserves, sauce or combined with other clustersfruit. They fat. grow to about 4 ft and suffer lessWhite pest and foliageNo issues than otherTranslucent ribes palemaking berries them with a mildgood sweet choice tart as flavor. an edible Good Patriot Early Very large Excellent flavor on an open vigorous plant. Slightly ornamental.Imperial fresh eating for a red currant. squat berries. Fruits ripens early. An old variety Black Rust popular in Vermont.Description Currants Resistant Reka Early Medium Vigorous and adaptable to heavier soil types. Ben Lomond Ye s Highly productiveHeavy yields commercial of dark berries variety. with Late excellent flowering flavor. makes for consistent yields. Often considered the best of the “Ben” releases. Crandall Ye s AKA clove currant, not a true black currant. Yellow clove scented flowers and glossy black berries. Sweet and good for fresh eating. Laxton’s Giant No Very heavy cropping with very large relatively sweet berries. Minaj Smyriou Ye s Disease resistant and vigorous. More mild flavor is rated very highly. Ye s New high yielding and highly disease resistant variety. Risager 21 Reportedly excellent flavor. Titania Ye s A very high yielding and vigorous new disease resistant variety, reportedly reaching 6 feet. Our currant favorite. Gooseberries Rust Description Resistant Black Velvet No Large crisp berries ripen to deep purple. Flavor is excellent when fully ripe. Good resistance to powdery mildew. Hinnomaki No Large, sweet, dark red berries have tangy skin and sweet Red flesh. Flavor is excellent. Mildew resistant. Invicta Ye s Produces very large grape sized pale green fruit. Sprawling growth habit. Our favorite gooseberry. Jahn’s Prairie Ye s Flavorful medium sized red berries. Slightly more upright growth pattern. Rust resistant. Jeanne Ye s Deep red berries. Sweet full flavor. Broad disease resistance. Jostaberry Ye s A vigorous, thornless cross between black currant and gooseberry. Berries are similar to gooseberries with excellent sweet tart flavor. Grows to 5-6 feet. Tixia No Large berries ripen to deep red. Great flavor and production. Almost thornless with conveniently upright growth pattern. Red Currants Rust Description Resistant Cherry Red No Very hardy and very productive. Mildew resistant. Good as an edible ornamental. Jonkheer Van No Vigorous upright growth with long strigs and good sized Tets very flavorful berries. Ripens early. Pink Ye s Perhaps the best tasting red currant for fresh eating. Champagne Vigorous, upright, and resistant to mildew and rust. Rovada No Largest berries borne on long strigs make for easy harvest. Excellent flavor and disease resistance. VikingRed Currants Ye s Rust Vigorous with good yieldsDescription of tart bright red berries. Resistant Excellent resistance to white pine blister rust. WhiteCherry Red No TranslucentVery hardy andpale very berries productive. with mild Mildew sweet resistant. tart flavor. Good Good as Imperial freshan edible eating ornamental. for a red currant. JonkheerBlack Van No Rust Vigorous upright growthDescription with long strigs and good sized TetsCurrants Resistant very flavorful berries. Ripens early. BenPink Lomond Ye s HighlyPerhaps productive the best tasting commercial red currant variety. for Late fresh flowering eating. Champagne makesVigorous, for upright,consistent and yields. resistant Often to mildewconsidered and therust. best of Rovada No Largestthe “Ben” berries releases. borne on long strigs make for easy harvest. Crandall Ye s AKAExcellent clove flavor currant, and notdisease a true resistance. black currant. Yellow clove Viking Ye s Vigorousscented flowers with good and yieldsglossy of black tart berries.bright red Sweet berries. and good Excellentfor fresh eating.resistance to white pine blister rust. WhiteLaxton’s Giant No TranslucentVery heavy cropping pale berries with with very mild large sweet relatively tart flavor.sweet Good freshberries. eating for a red currant. BlackImperial Currants (continued) MinajRed BlackCurrants Smyriou Ye s Rust Disease resistant and vigorous.Description More mild flavor is rated Currants Resistant very highly. BenRisagerCherry Lomond Red YeNo s HighlyNewVery hardyhigh productive yielding and very commercialand productive. highly disease variety. Mildew resistant Late resistant. flowering variety. Good as makesReportedlyan edible for ornamental. consistent excellent yields.flavor. Often considered the best of TitaniaJonkheer Van YeNo s theAVigorous very “Ben” high uprightreleases. yielding growth and vigorous with long new strigs disease and good resistant sized CrandallTets Ye s AKAvariety,very flavorfulclove reportedly currant, berries. reaching not Ripens a true 6 early.feet. black Our currant. currant Yellow favorite. clove Pink Ye s scentedPerhaps flowersthe best and tasting glossy red black currant berries. for fresh Sweet eating. and good REDGooseberries CURRANTSRust Description Champagne Resistant (Ribes rubrum.)forVigorous, fresh eating. upright, and resistant to mildew and rust. RedBlackLaxton’sRovada currants Velvet Giant produceNo bright redLargeVeryLargest tart heavy berriescrisp berries croppingberries primarily borne ripen with on fortolongvery deep jam strigslarge purple.or relativelymakejelly Flavor celebratedfor sweeteasy is excellent harvest. across northern Europe. In a soilwhenberries.Excellent rich fullywith flavor ripe. organic Goodand disease matter resistance resistance. red to currants powdery can mildew. produce for generation. They leaf out very early in the spring and foliage often looks raggy by NoYe s Large,Disease sweet, resistant dark and red vigorous. berries have More tangy mild skin flavor and is sweetrated theHinnomakiMinajViking end Smyriou of the summer,Ye s don’t fret,Vigorous they will with be good shiny yields again of intart the bright spring. red berries. Red flesh.veryExcellent highly.Flavor resistance is excellent. to white Mildew pine resistant. blister rust. Red Currants Rust Description Ye s New high yielding and highly disease resistant variety. InvictaRisagerWhite YeNoResistant s ProducesTranslucent very pale large berries grape with sized mild pale sweet green tart fruit. flavor. Sprawling Good Imperial growthReportedlyfresh eating habit. excellentfor Our a red favorite flavor.currant. gooseberry. Cherry Red No Very hardy and very productive. Mildew resistant. Good as Jahn’sTitaniaBlack Prairie Ye s Rust FlavorfulAan very edible high mediumornamental. yielding sized andDescription red vigorous berries. new Slightly disease more resistant upright Currants Resistant growthvariety, reportedlypattern. Rust reaching resistant. 6 feet. Our currant favorite. Jonkheer Van No Vigorous upright growth with long strigs and good sized Ye s Highly productive commercial variety. Late flowering JeanneBenTetsGooseberries Lomond Ye s Rust Deepvery flavorful red berries. berries. Sweet RipensDescription full flavor. early. Broad disease Resistant resistance.makes for consistent yields. Often considered the best of Pink Ye s Perhaps the best tasting red currant for fresh eating. Black Velvet No Largethe “Ben” crisp releases. berries ripen to deep purple. Flavor is excellent JostaberryChampagne Ye s AVigorous, vigorous, upright, thornless and crossresistant between to mildew black andcurrant rust. and Crandall Ye s gooseberry.whenAKA clovefully ripe. currant,Berries Good notare resistance similara true blackto to gooseberries powderycurrant. Yellow mildew. with clove Rovada No Largest berries borne on long strigs make for easy harvest. No Large,excellentscented sweet, flowers sweet dark tartand red flavor.glossy berries Growsblack have berries. to tangy 5-6 Sweetfeet.skin and and sweet good Hinnomaki Excellent flavor and disease resistance. for fresh eating. TixiaRed No Largeflesh. Flavorberries is ripenexcellent. to deep Mildew red. resistant.Great flavor and Viking Ye s Vigorous with good yields of tart bright red berries. Laxton’s Giant YeNo s Producesproduction.Very heavy very croppingAlmost large thornless grapewith verysized with large pale conveniently relativelygreen fruit. sweet uprightSprawling Invicta Excellent resistance to white pine blister rust. growthberries. habit.pattern. Our favorite gooseberry. White No Translucent pale berries with mild sweet tart flavor. Good Jahn’sMinaj SmyriouPrairie Ye s FlavorfulDisease resistantmedium andsized vigorous. red berries. More Slightly mild flavor more isupright rated Imperial fresh eating for a red currant. growthvery highly. pattern. Rust resistant. Black Rust Description Risager Ye s DeepNew highred berries.yielding Sweetand highly full flavor.disease Broad resistant disease variety. GOOSEBERRIESJeanneCurrants Resistant (Ribes uva-crispa.) resistance.Reportedly excellent flavor. AsBen suggested Lomond by theYe botanical s name,Highly gooseberries productive commercial are a crisp variety. berry Late and floweringthe best of Ye s A very high yielding and vigorous new disease resistant theJostaberryTitania ribes family forYe fresh s eating. AmakesThey vigorous, forgrow consistent thornless to about yields.cross 3 ft betweenOftenand withconsidered black thorny currant theand bestand slightly of variety, reportedly reaching 6 feet. Our currant favorite. sprawling habit. Try to keep themgooseberry.the weeded “Ben” releases. soBerries the fruits are similar don’t to get gooseberries lost in the with grass. Gooseberries Rust excellent sweet tart flavor.Description Grows to 5-6 feet. Crandall Ye s AKA clove currant, not a true black currant. Yellow clove Resistant Tixia No Largescented berries flowers ripen and to glossy deep blackred. Great berries. flavor Sweet and and good No Large crisp berries ripen to deep purple. Flavor is excellent Black Velvet production.for fresh eating. Almost thornless with conveniently upright growthwhen fully pattern. ripe. Good resistance to powdery mildew. Laxton’s Giant No Very heavy cropping with very large relatively sweet No Large, sweet, dark red berries have tangy skin and sweet Hinnomaki berries. Red flesh. Flavor is excellent. Mildew resistant. Minaj Smyriou Ye s Disease resistant and vigorous. More mild flavor is rated Invicta Ye s Producesvery highly. very large grape sized pale green fruit. Sprawling growth habit. Our favorite gooseberry. Risager Ye s New high yielding and highly disease resistant variety. Ye s Flavorful medium sized red berries. Slightly more upright Jahn’s Prairie Reportedly excellent flavor. 22 growth pattern. Rust resistant. Titania Ye s A very high yielding and vigorous new disease resistant Ye s Deep red berries. Sweet full flavor. Broad disease Jeanne variety, reportedly reaching 6 feet. Our currant favorite. resistance. Gooseberries Rust Description Jostaberry YeResistant s A vigorous, thornless cross between black currant and gooseberry. Berries are similar to gooseberries with Black Velvet No Large crisp berries ripen to deep purple. Flavor is excellent excellent sweet tart flavor. Grows to 5-6 feet. when fully ripe. Good resistance to powdery mildew. Tixia No Large berries ripen to deep red. Great flavor and No Large, sweet, dark red berries have tangy skin and sweet Hinnomaki production. Almost thornless with conveniently upright Red flesh. Flavor is excellent. Mildew resistant. growth pattern. Invicta Ye s Produces very large grape sized pale green fruit. Sprawling growth habit. Our favorite gooseberry. Jahn’s Prairie Ye s Flavorful medium sized red berries. Slightly more upright growth pattern. Rust resistant. Jeanne Ye s Deep red berries. Sweet full flavor. Broad disease resistance. Jostaberry Ye s A vigorous, thornless cross between black currant and gooseberry. Berries are similar to gooseberries with excellent sweet tart flavor. Grows to 5-6 feet. Tixia No Large berries ripen to deep red. Great flavor and production. Almost thornless with conveniently upright growth pattern. Red Currants Rust Description Resistant Cherry Red No Very hardy and very productive. Mildew resistant. Good as an edible ornamental. Jonkheer Van No Vigorous upright growth with long strigs and good sized Tets very flavorful berries. Ripens early.

PinkRed Currants Ye s Rust Perhaps the best tastingDescription red currant for fresh eating. Champagne Resistant Vigorous, upright, and resistant to mildew and rust. CherryRovada Red No VeryLargest hardy berries and veryborne productive. on long strigs Mildew make resistant. for easy Good harvest. as anExcellent edible ornamental.flavor and disease resistance. JonkheerViking Van NoYe s Vigorous uprightwith good growth yields with of tart long bright strigs red and berries. good sized Tets veryExcellent flavorful resistance berries. to Ripens white early.pine blister rust. PinkWhite YeNo s PerhapsTranslucent the palebest berriestasting redwith currant mild sweet for fresh tart flavor.eating. Good ChampagneImperial Vigorous,fresh eating upright, for a redand currant.resistant to mildew and rust. RovadaBlack No Rust Largest berries borne onDescription long strigs make for easy harvest. Currants Resistant Excellent flavor and disease resistance. VikingBen Lomond Ye s VigorousHighly productive with good commercial yields of tart variety. bright Late red flowering berries. Excellentmakes for resistance consistent to yields. white Often pine blisterconsidered rust. the best of the “Ben” releases. White No Translucent pale berries with mild sweet tart flavor. Good ImperialCrandall Ye s freshAKA eatingclove currant,for a red not currant. a true black currant. Yellow clove scented flowers and glossy black berries. Sweet and good Black Rust Description Currants Resistant for fresh eating. BenLaxton’s Lomond Giant YeNo s HighlyVery heavy productive cropping commercial with very variety.large relatively Late flowering sweet makesberries. for consistent yields. Often considered the best of Minaj Smyriou Ye s theDisease “Ben” resistant releases. and vigorous. More mild flavor is rated very highly. Crandall Ye s AKA clove currant, not a true black currant. Yellow clove Risager Ye s scentedNew high flowers yielding and and glossy highly black disease berries. resistant Sweet variety. and good forReportedly fresh eating. excellent flavor. Laxton’sTitania Giant NoYe s VeryA very heavy high cropping yielding andwith vigorous very large new relatively disease sweetresistant berries.variety, reportedly reaching 6 feet. Our currant favorite. MinajGooseberries Smyriou Ye s Rust Disease resistant and vigorous.Description More mild flavor is rated Resistant very highly. RisagerBlack Velvet YeNo s NewLarge high crisp yielding berries and ripen highly to deep disease purple. resistant Flavor variety. is excellent Reportedlywhen fully ripe. excellent Good flavor. resistance to powdery mildew. TitaniaHinnomaki YeNo s ALarge, very sweet, high yielding dark red and berries vigorous have new tangy disease skin andresistant sweet Red flesh. Flavor is excellent. Mildew resistant. Gooseberries (continued)variety, reportedly reaching 6 feet. Our currant favorite. InvictaGooseberries Ye s Rust Produces very large grapeDescription sized pale green fruit. Sprawling Resistant growth habit. Our favorite gooseberry. BlackJahn’s Velvet Prairie NoYe s LargeFlavorful crisp medium berries sized ripen red to berries.deep purple. Slightly Flavor more is uprightexcellent whengrowth fully pattern. ripe. GoodRust resistant. resistance to powdery mildew. HinnomakiJeanne NoYe s Large,Deep redsweet, berries. dark Sweetred berries full flavor. have Broadtangy skindisease and sweet Red flesh.resistance. Flavor is excellent. Mildew resistant. InvictaJostaberry Ye s ProducesA vigorous, very thornless large grape cross sized between pale greenblack currantfruit. Sprawling and growthgooseberry. habit. Berries Our favorite are similar gooseberry. to gooseberries with Jahn’s Prairie Ye s Flavorfulexcellent medium sweet tart sized flavor. red Growsberries. to Slightly 5-6 feet. more upright Tixia No growthLarge berries pattern. ripen Rust to resistant. deep red. Great flavor and production. Almost thornless with conveniently upright Jeanne Ye s Deep red berries. Sweet full flavor. Broad disease resistance.growth pattern. Jostaberry Ye s A vigorous, thornless cross between black currant and Additional Smallgooseberry. BerriesFruits are similar to gooseberries with excellent sweet tart flavor. Grows to 5-6 feet. HARDY KIWIS $29 Chung Bai: Large, squat, very sweet Tixia No Large berries ripen to deep red. Great flavor and berries with very little acidity. (Actinidia spp.) These woody production.vines Almost thornless with conveniently upright produce magically delicious smallgrowth (1” pattern.Dunbarton Oaks: Fruit ripens relatively diameter), smooth-skinned kiwiberries. early. Very tasty. Hailed as a “super-food”, it is a good : Good producer with source for over 20 vitamins and minerals Geneva III excellent flavor. including potassium and vitamins C and E. Often used as an ornamental because MSU: A new variety which produces of the lustrous foliage. Reportedly grows larger fruit (also delicious). over 100’ in native China. Can be grown Male: Needed for pollination. on an arbor, trellis, porch, or standing dead. Male and female plants are ARCTIC KIWIS: required for fruit. Arctic Beauty Male: Male pollinator, Two different species are available, the often planted as an ornamental vine for hardy kiwi (actinidia arguta) which are its attractive variegated foliage, with hardy to -25 degrees, and the arctic kiwi splashes of white and pink. (actinidia kolomikta) which is hardy to -40 degrees. The arctic kiwi is slightly Red Beauty: Good producer with less vigorous and slightly less productive, ornamental splashes of pink and red on though the fruits are still very delicious. the foliage. It is the variety more often selected for JUNEBERRIES $29-$49 its ornamental qualities. (Amelanchier sp.) Also know as HARDY KIWIS: $29 serviceberry, saskatoon, or shadbush, this native berry-producing shrub has Anna: AKA Ananasnaya, Russian for gained popularity as an ornamental pineapple. Vigorous and productive landscape plant and can be seen in slightly our latest to ripen. plantings throughout downtown 23 Montpelier. It has some of the earliest Red Gem: Selected for high yield and spring flowers, before most other trees sweet fruit. have leafed out, and good fall color. The Sweet Scarlet: Selected for large sweet flavor of the berries is delightful, varying fruit. Somewhat self fertile. from apple to blueberry to almond. Enjoyed by people and wildlife alike. SEABERRIES $29 Plants do best in a warm dry location (Hippophae rhamnoides) Nitrogen- with plenty of fertility at establishment. fixing shrub species native to northern Autumn Brilliance: A taller upright Europe and Asia. Prized for remarkable variety selected for ornamental nutritional values, the berries are used qualities. Great fall color and better scab for medicines, cosmetics, and nutritional resistance supplements. Colorful orange berries Regent: A productive suckering shrub and silvery foliage make for an attractive variety selected for heavy flowering and hedge. Male and female plants are good fruit production. needed for fruit set. Prefers drier sites and full sun. Plants grow 8-12 feet tall. ARONIA $25 Frugana: Early ripening with large crops (Aronia melanocarpa) The only of flavorful red orange fruit. Upright fruiting shrub we grow that will survive growth pattern. (and thrive) in a very wet soil. White Male Sea Berry: Male pollinator. One flowers blooming in May, followed by male can pollinate several female plants. large edible dark purple berries. Super high in iron and antioxidants. Plants are Orange Glow: Heavy yields of orange productive and easy to pick. Let them berries literally cover the branches. ripen on the bush and the astringency Radiant: Bred in Siberia. Large juicy declines. Excellent fall color ranges from fruit are particularly high in vitamin C. yellow to red to purple. Great as a native ornamental. AKA black chokeberry. Sirola: Early Ripening and very heavy Grows to 6’. Self-fertile. bearing. Fruit is less tart. Un-sexed vigorous seedlings. Nero: Selected for fruit quality and Seedling: productivity. Slightly lower growing (3-4 HONEYBERRIES $29 feet). (Lonicera caerula var. edulis) Long Viking: Vigorous and productive, with valued in its native Eastern Siberia. the good tasting fruit. Planted for This member of the honeysuckle family commercial fruit production in Europe produces tasty, elongated blue berries, and Plainfield. great for fresh eating or processing. Goumi $29 Super hardy and promising berry, with few disease or pest problems. One (Elaeagnus multiflora) Juicy sweet of the first berries, ripening in June! flavorful cherry sized berries flecked Two different varieties are needed for with gold and silver!? Too good to be pollination. Plants grow 4-6’ tall. true? A nitrogen fixer as well! Deer resistant! Grows 6-10 feet! Will perform Berry Blue: Large rich flavored berries best with a pollinator. Plant in full sun. and good yields. A good pollinator. Maybe not for the coldest locations. Borealis: A new variety developed in

24 Saskatchewan selected for large fruit though berries are tender and slightly and perhaps the best flavor of any smaller than Nova. honeyberry. Polana: Early for a fall-bearing Cinderella: Compact grower (to 4 ft). (primocane) variety, well-suited to Good producer and good pollinator. Central Vermont. Firm large berries with Indigo Gem: High yielding with good flavor. Cut all canes to the ground flavorful somewhat chewy fruits. in early winter for the best fall crop. Prelude: Earliest raspberries. Round and Indigo Treat: Excellent flavor and high firm with excellent flavor. production. Nova: Ripens after boyne. Hardy and Tundra: Developed with Borealis adaptable with firm berries. Great for selected for large crops of fleshy sweet beginners. flavorful berries. BLACK RASPBERRIES $19 BLACKBERRIES $16 (Rubus occidentalis) Often found (Rubus fruticosus) In fertile soil with growing wild along old stone walls or sun blackberries will grow, spread, and abandoned edges of the yard. Selected produce huge crops. Plants are thorny cultivars are far more productive with and vigorous. The berries are best by larger fruit. The canes grow wildly and the handful right off the plant. Our need support. Awesome plant, awesome plants are a hardy productive local fruit strain. Crops may suffer following winter temperatures below -25 degrees. Give Bristol: Firm fruit with excellent flavor. them plenty of space and let them loose. Productive and vigorous. We love it. RASPBERRIES $12 ELDERBERRIES $25 (Sambucus canadensis) Elderberry is (Rubus idaes) Raspberries are quick rapidly gaining popularity for its edible to start bearing (usually the year after and medicinal qualities. Shrubs are of planting) and highly productive. Plant high value to wildlife and pollinators. raspberries now if you have not already. The following selected varieties have They sucker profusely, making it easy to improved flavor and fruit set. Plants expand a patch. Remove dead canes in should begin to produce two years after the fall to keep the patch healthy. planting. They thrive on moist (not Boyne: Excellent flavored hardy and saturated), fertile sites with good sun. long lived variety. Highly productive Plant two varieties for best fruit set.

Summer Raspberries VS. Fall Raspberries: Most brambles (raspberries, blackberries, and black raspberries) grow new canes from the ground each year that will fruit the following summer. The two year old canes will fruit then die to the ground and should be cut out each fall or winter. Fall raspberries send up new canes each year that will produce fruit in the fall of their first season. Typically a fall raspberry patch is cut completely to the ground late fall or winter.

25 Adams: Selected for good yields of large Bluebell: Extremely hardy and fruit produced in large clusters. productive. Very similar to concord but Berry Hill: A wild VT variety selected hardier and earlier ripening. by Lewis Hill. Vigorous and productive Lacrescent: One of the best hardy white with smallish very dark berries. wine grapes. Johns: High yields of sweet tangy Marquette: A red wine variety. Hardy berries. and disease resistant. Marge: A hardy hybrid of American Somerset Seedless: A reliably hardy and European elder. Vigorous and very seedless grape ripens from pink to red. productive. The berries though slightly small have a Nova: Ripens slightly earlier. Plants stay delightful, complex, fruity flavor. more compact, 4-5 ft. Large, sweet, blue Valiant: An extremely hardy productive fruit. concord type. Annual bearing, with large clusters. GRAPES $19 (Vitis spp.) Grapes thrive in well drained soil and full sun. These vines need an arbor, trellis, or fence for support. Grapes are self-fertile. These varieties are selected to thrive in our cold climate and shorter growing season.

$19

$29

$25

26 USEFUL AND ORNAMENTAL SPECIES We offer a selection of ornamental and useful species. Plants we love for more than their fruit. OHIO BUCKEYE $65 FORSYTHIA $29 (Aesculus glabra) Small to medium (Forsythia) rounded tree with lovely lush foliage. Northern Gold: Outstanding golden Produces beautiful shiny brown seeds. yellow flowers on an upright plant Great for wildlife. growing to 6-8 feet. Let them Sprawl! SPECKLED ALDER $19 HONEY LOCUST $25 (Alnus incana) A small native nitrogen (Gleditsia tricacnthos) A leguminous fixing tree or large shrub. Tolerant of tree with fine foliage. Produces a large wet or poor soils. Good wildlife value. seed pod with edible pulp which makes good fodder for livestock. Very hardy SIBERIAN PEASHRUB $19 and relatively fast growing. Great in the (Caragana arborescens) A rugged yard or the pasture. nitrogen fixing shrub. Plant several to form a hedge. Attractive fine foliage and WINTERBERRY $29 lovely yellow flowers in May. (Ilex verticillata) The best shrub for the winter landscape in Vermont. Female MUSCLEWOOD $25 plants are covered in bright red berries (Carpinus caroliniana) AKA persisting well into winter until finally bluebeech. An uncommon native. cleaned off by birds. Plant a male and Musclewood grows as small tree. female variety for fruit. The smooth gray blue trunk develops Southern Gentleman: Male pollinator a sinewy ‘muscled’ surface quality. for winter red. Typically grows 20-30 feet. Winter Red: Bright red fruit cover the RED-TWIG DOGWOOD $29 winter branches. Deep green foliage in (Cornus sericea) Lovely red stems the summer. Does fine in the shade. make for one of the most attractive $29 shrubs come November. Easy to grow, WITCH HAZEL with white flowers in spring, dark green A northeast native. Distinctive yellow foliage and berries for birds in the fall. blooms in late fall, after leaves have dropped. Grows as a small tree or large HAWTHORN $65 shrub, 15-20 feet. Tolerates part-shade. (Crateagus mollis) A rugged native HYDRANGEA $29 flowering tree. Known in Ireland as prime fairy habitat. Hardy and thorny (Hydrangea paniculata) growing 20-30 ft. White flowers in PeeGee: The classic, seen around spring after the apples bloom. Berries cemeteries and old farm houses. Big in the fall for wildlife and as a highly round creamy blooms fade to pink. nutritious heart tonic. Grows best in Tardiva: Beautiful hardy upright well drained soils with full sun. Hydrangea. Large pointed blooms turn from bright white to pink. Grows to 6-8 feet tall. 27 AMUR MAACKIA $75 tree. Excellent for shifting old-field to (Maackia amurensis) An underutilized forest. Aromatic flowers in late spring hardy ornamental tree. A fast growing provide an excellent pollen source. Black nitrogen fixer adaptable to poor soils but locusts have been planted historically with moderate size, smooth golden green to draw lightning away from structures. bark, and no invasive qualities. Delicate Vigorous and fast growing. Often sends green foliage is covered with silver fur in up shoots into surrounding areas. spring. Bees enjoy the panicles of cream RUGOSA ROSE $19 colored flowers. (Rosa rugosa) A hardy vigorous rose. STAR MAGNOLIA $29 Forms thickets, providing habitat for (Magnolia stellata) birds. Pink flowers bloom for months, Centennial Star: A fantastic medium making a long lasting pollen source. The sized hardy magnolia (10-15ft). Pure hips are an excellent food source for white fragrant blossoms in early spring. wildlife. Lustrous foliage. Best slightly sheltered $19 from cold dry winds. BASKET WILLOW (Salix spp.) A vigorous willow selected $65 FLOWERING CRABS for its production of long flexible bright (Malus spp.) Spring flowers and yellow stems perfect for basket making. colorful fruit that persists through the It also makes an attractive fast growing, winter providing food for birds make for hardy, deer resistant hedge. The yellow a plant that provides year round interest. stems give the eye a welcome break from A big plus in a landscape with only gray during winter months. three months of summer. Structurally interesting as well, their spreading MOUNTAIN ASH $65 branch pattern will reach a mature (Sorbus aucuparia) Also known as height of around 20 feet making it a rowan trees. A magical tree known great tree to plant close to a house or in to provide protection from evil a yard. These selections are resistant to spirits. Also a lovely yard tree with a range of diseases that often affect crab spring flowers and bright orange-red apples making them easy to grow. berries beloved by birds. Allow it to Prairie Fire Crab: Dark purple-red grow multiple trunks for a longer life. flowers arriving in late spring. The $29 shiny, dark red bark and persistent LILACS maroon fruits make this an exceptionally (Syringa vulgaris) A much loved part attractive tree for the many cold months of the New England landscape. The when the leaves are off. fragrant purple blossoms around old farmhouses are an essential aspect of Snowdrift Crab: A hardy low spring in Vermont. maintenance crab. Pink flower buds erupt into an explosion of white. Glossy Common Purple: The Classic. Hardy, red orange fruit persist into winter. Long lived and beautiful. BLACK LOCUST $19 Ludwig Spaeth: An excellent older cultivar with red purple flowers. (Robinia pseudoacacia) A loved and loathed nitrogen-fixing early succession Yankee Doodle: Deep dark purple 28 flowers. Heavy bloomer. ARROWWOOD $19 BASSWOOD $19 (Viburnum dentatum) Hardy, vigorous, upright, rounded native shrub. (Tilia americana) An uncommon White flowers and deep green foliage. multi-stemmed native tree, beloved The blooms are attractive to insects by all the creatures of the forest. It is including butterflies. The dark berries often found in healthy hardwood forests attract birds. Grows 6-10 ft. and sugarbushes or along ancient stonewalls. The center of larger trees NANNYBERRY $19 rots out creating a home for porcupines, (Viburnum lentago) A suckering native honeybees, chickadees and others. The shrub that produces sweet black berries. flowers provide an abundance of nectar Fragrant white flowers support beneficial and are an essential source of propolis insects. for honeybees. The tender early spring leaves make a pleasant salad green and HIGHBUSH CRANBERRY $29 the wood is perfect for carving. (Viburnum trilobum) A vigorous native shrub that produces bright red LINDEN $65 berries that persist into winter, great for (Tilia cordata) A terrific hardy shade birds and used in sauces or jam. Does tree adored by insects and herbalists best with oldest stems pruned out every for the sweet fragrant tiny medicinal few years. blossoms. Grows to 35 ft.

29 Rock Minerals and Soil Amendments Sadly many soils in Vermont are exhausted. Thousands of years of rain and a couple hundred years of agriculture have washed away many essential nutrients. We sell a wide selection of organic soil amendments, rock dusts, and fertilizers to ensure your plants are getting everything they need. We also can provide specific micronutrients based on a soil test. Most materials are also available in smaller quantities.

TREE MINERAL MIX ELEMENTAL SULFUR $38/50# $3 for 3#, $23 for 25# 90% Sulfur. Great for lowering soil PH or $41 for $50# for acid loving plants (blueberries). Our custom blend of greensand, GREENSAND $38/50# gypsum, lime, rock phosphate, sul- High potassium (very slow release) rock po-mag, kelp and azomite. Perfect for dust formed from ancient seabed in New ensuring your trees get off on the right Jersey. Many trace minerals especially foot. Mix 3lbs in the hole and scratch manganese (essential for seed and fruit 3lbs in on the soil surface. formation). Also improves moisture AZOMITE $36/ 44# holding and aeration in the soil. A-Z Of Minerals Including Trace GYPSUM $26/50# Elements. A mineral deposit formed Calcium Sulfate. A source of calcium when an ancient seabed was mixed with that will not raise soil PH. 23% calcium rare-earth elements via volcanic activity, and 19% sulfur, trace amounts of resulting in the most elementally diverse potassium and magnesium. Fantastic rock dust known. Great for everything. for loosening clay soils. Gypsum has BONE CHAR $29/50# capacities to enliven soil and improve soil texture that seem to go beyond its Bone char provides 16% available phosphate and 32% overall. Also a good chemical constituents. Pelletized. source of calcium. The char structure HIGH-CAL LIME $12/40# improves the soil’s capacity to hold and Calcium Carbonate. This is an excellent store nutrients. source of calcium (35%) without adding PEANUT MEAL $38/50# Magnesium. Calcium performs essential An excellent gentle organic nitrogen roles in the plant relating to cellular source. Excellent for trees and shrubs integrity and root development. Calcium (6-1-2). improves soil structure and health. Much needed for tired, acidic, leached DOLOMITIC LIME $10/40# soils in Vermont. Calcium Magnesium Carbonate. 30% PHOSPHATE ROCK $35/50# Calcium and 10% Magnesium. A good choice for calcium when magnesium About 20% phosphorous, though only may also be needed. 2-3% immediately available. Also high in calcium and trace minerals.

30 PRO-HOLLY $30/50# SUL-PO-MAG $30/50# 17/25# Langbeinite rock, 22% sulfur, 11% Blended organic fertilizer specifically potassium, 22% magnesium. formulated for acid loving plants (i.e. blueberries and chestnuts). (5-4-6) PRO-GRO $30/50# 17/25# Locally blended organic fertilizer. Great for woody plants as well as vegetables. (5-3-4)

A Slightly Nerdy Note on Soil Amending: The soil is the digestive system of the plant. Healthy soil and soil biology are essential for healthy plants. Support the biology through applications of organic materials such as compost and mulch. Beyond light, air, and water, everything the plant needs must be present in the soil. Most soils in Vermont are lacking in major and minor mineral nutrients. Good compost provides a broad spectrum of nutrients as well as organic matter and healthy biology. A soil test will tell you more precisely what your soils may need, interpretation of the test may take some additional understanding (we offer soil testing and consulting services). Short of a soil test, plant species present and plant performance can give an indication of nutrients available or lacking. Most fruit crops will benefit from a one-time fall application of lime at a rate of about 40 lbs per 1000 square ft. It is a good idea to use a mix of both hi-cal lime and dolomitic lime. Gypsum fills the same need for calcium and may be applied any time of year. We often apply a blend of rock minerals to the planting hole and the surrounding area at the time of planting. Better soils grow better crops. We have been experimenting here on the farm with growing nutrient dense crops via careful balancing of major and minor soil nutrients. The results have been encouraging. Call us for support doing the same on your land.

Plant Protection! Deer and rodents wreck fruit trees. A physical barrier such as a fence is the most reliable strategy. We highly recommend fencing fruit trees and many of our other plants at least until they are established. FENCING KIT $25 RODENT SCREEN $2 Everything you need to thoroughly Essential. Easy to make your own or protect your tree from deer and rodents. get one from us. We use a square of A 6 ft tall ring of welded wire fencing, aluminum window screen rolled around stakes, and a rodent screen. Fencing is the base of the trunk to prevent rodent strongly encouraged. damage and deter borers. Essential.

31 Our Services DESIGN SOIL ANALYSIS Need help realizing your edible Healthy soil, healthy plants, healthy landscape dreams? We offer complete people. Following a soil test we provide landscape design services. We will analysis, recommendations, and work with you to develop a design and materials for balancing major and minor planting plan appropriate for you and nutrients in your garden or orchard your site. We provide information and soils. Grow nutrient dense crops! education for ongoing management. PRUNING CONSULTATION We offer professional pruning primarily We provide private on-site consultations during the winter months. We prune at a reasonable price. We will help fruit trees and berry plants (we will you answer any landscape questions also prune the occasional ornamental you have. We offer site assessment, shrub or small tree). We enjoy restoring planting ideas, siting, orchard or garden old untended fruit trees. We can also planning, and advice educate you to prune your own trees. PLANTING We love to plant and will do it right. We We bill for time and materials and bring compost, mulch, soil amendments, are happy provide estimates upon fencing and know-how to ensure that request. your plantings thrive.

Contact: Nicko Rubin (802) 454-7874 or [email protected]

32 Pruning Fruit Trees and Berry Plants Pruning Fruit Trees: Fruit trees benefit from annual pruning during the dormant season. Pruning stimulates new growth and the development of younger and more productive or healthy wood. Work with the long term structure of the tree in mind. Young trees need minimal pruning until they begin to bear. On older trees this may mean removing difficult to pick wood in the top of the tree and cycling out older wood. Remove any dead or diseased wood. Remove any misplaced branches, in the way of paths, vehicles, etc. Prune to allow sun and air into the tree. Sun is important for the development of healthy wood, and for the ripening of fruit. Good air flow will reduce both insect and fungal pests. Heavy pruning during the dormant season is not likely to kill a tree; however, the more wood removed the greater the volume of new growth as the tree attempts to create a canopy to balance its root system. Over vigorous suckers are slow to bear; be sure to leave enough fruit buds throughout the tree (fruit buds are typically fatter buds that stick out from the sides of the branch), as fruiting is the best way to check excessive growth. Pruning Shrubs: Young shrubs usually need little to no pruning besides the removal of the occasional dead or broken branch. Mature shrubs benefit fromrenewal pruning. Typically the most productive flowering and fruiting wood is only a few years old, removing the oldest and typically least vigorous stems at their base will encourage new growth and ensure that enough light is reaching them to develop into productive wood. Prune during winter or early spring when plants are dormant. Elderberry: Cut back the oldest stems to the ground every year or cut the entire plant to the ground every few years to maintain a vigorous and healthy plant. Two year old wood is usually the most productive. Blueberry: Remove any dead or damaged wood annually, and occasionally (every 4-6 years) remove the oldest and largest stems. Older wood becomes less productive over time and should be replaced with new growth. Currants: Remove anything more than three or four years old, the most productive wood is two or three years old. Prune to keep plants upright for ease of management. How to Make Your Cuts: Trees do not heal, they section off any damaged tissue and continue to grow around it. When you make your cut, go as close as you can to the branch collar (the swelling often at the base of a branch as it enters the tree) but do not cut into it or into the trunk of the tree (cuts should be not quite flush). Enjoy yourself out there! Pruning is a good reason to get outside in the winter. Short of a teacher, the experience that comes with practice and observation is the best way to learn.

33 Notes:

34 Planting Instructions There are many theories regarding the best ways to plant; get the roots down and the branches up and you should be OK. For more detailed instructions read on.

1. Choose your site carefully. Consider the mature size of the plant. Most fruiting plants will preform best in well drained soil with good sun. 2. Dig a hole at least twice as wide and approximately as deep as the pot the plant is in. Loosen soil around the hole thoroughly to allow roots to penetrate.

3. Remove the plant from the pot and roughen the edges of the root-ball. Spread or cut any circling roots.

4. Place the plant in the hole, and refill it with the same soil that came out of the hole, adding any rock minerals or soil amendments. Firm the soil with your hands. The soil in the pot or the base of the plant should be level or slightly above the surrounding grade. In heavier soils, planting slightly high will help to ensure the crown of the plant has adequate drainage.

5. Water thoroughly. Soak the planting hole before, during, and after planting. Water is essential for successful transplanting.

6. Add compost and mulch. Mulch can be used to form a dish to direct water to the plant. Keep mulch a few inches away from the base of the plant to avoid any rot. 2-4 inches of wood chips, bark mulch, leaves, or most other organic material will help tremendously to hold moisture, discourage weeds, and encourage healthy soil life. A layer of newspaper or cardboard underneath the mulch can effectively block weeds for a season.

Water for the first season if the soil around the plant feels at all dry. Feed in the late fall or spring with compost, manure, or other organic fertilizer. Protect young plants from deer and rodents! Crown of the plant slightly above the surrounding grade

Mulch Soil mounded to contain water

Compost

Root-ball thoroughly roughened to free Undisturbed soil circling roots. beneath root-ball

35 802-454-7874 www.easthilltreefarm.com 3499 East Hill Rd. Plainfield, VT 05667 Open Saturday 9-4:30 and Sunday 10-4:30 or by appointment East Hill Tree Farm Tree Hill East

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