DOCSLIB.ORG

Rearrangement of the Bunyard's Groupings to Form A

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Rearrangement of the Bunyard's Groupings to Form A A MANUAL KEY FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF APPLES BASED ON BUNYARD’S (1920) GROUPS Simon Clark of Northern Fruit Group and National Orchard Forum, with assistance from Quentin Cleal (NOF). Feedback welcome Tel: 0113 266 3235 (with answer phone), E-mail [email protected] August 2005 Introduction This key is based on Bunyard E.A. (1920) A Handbook of Fruits: Apples and Pears. London. It is intended as an alternative to the Bultitude based one. The arrangement of the groups differs slightly in the two keys and the choice of which to use is a matter of personal preference This key is something of a hybrid as it uses the preliminary “keying arrangements” that we have developed for Bultitude’s key whilst retaining the arrangement of the varieties as in Bunyard. The varieties in this key comprise Bunyard’s and Bultitude’s lists together with some widely grown cultivars developed since their books were produced. The National Fruit Collection at Brogdale are preparing a list of “recent” varieties not included in Bultitude(1983) or Bunyard (1920) but which are likely to be encountered. This list should be available by late August. As soon as I receive it I will let you have copy. I will tabulate the characters of the varieties so that you can easily “slot them in to” the key Each variety is categorised as belonging to one of seven broad groups (NB one less group than Bultitude has. These groups are delineated using skin characteristics and usage i.e. whether cookers, (sour) or eaters (sweet). Where your search results in a “terminal group” of more than four varieties, additional characters have been used to separate the varieties in the group. See the Bultitude based manual key for a full explanation of “terminal groups” GROUP 1 Green skin Non striped Rarely flushed Smooth skinned A few are white on the tree cookers; sour tasting raw, usually large - 1 - e.g. Lord Derby > ............................................................................................. G1 p 4 GROUP 2 Green skin Striped Smooth skinned Cookers; most are sour tasting raw but a few are slightly sweet, usually large e.g. Lane’s Prince Albert > ............................................................................................. G2 p 8 GROUP 3 Golden skin Non striped Occasionally flushed A few turn white when fully ripe Mainly cookers but a few are dessert i.e. most are sour tasting raw but a few are sweet and palatable e. g. Golden Noble & Golden Spire > ........................................................................................... G3 p 12 GROUP 4 Greenish-yellow skin Prominent stripes Some are flushed Smooth skinned Mainly dessert but a few are cookers. i..e most are sweet and palatable raw but a few are sour tasting e.g. Peasgood Nonsuch & James Grieve > ........................................................................................... G4 p 17 GROUP 5 Continuous dark red skin Occasionally obscurely striped Smooth skinned Mainly dessert i.e most are sweet and palatable raw but a few are cookers and sour tasting raw. e.g Baumann’s Reinette & Worcester Pearmain > ........................................................................................... G5 p 22 GROUP 6 Discontinuous red skin Discontinuously russeted skin Dessert i.e.all are sweet and palatable raw eg Cox’s Orange Pippin & Blenheim Orange > ........................................................................................... G6 p 27 GROUP 7 Continuously russeted skin No stripes Occasional flush Dessert i.e.all are sweet and palatable raw eg Egremont Russet > ........................................................................................... G7 p 33 Within each group, the varieties are divided according to season, shape and “regularity”. If these three “major” characters fail to produce a terminal group of four or fewer varieties,(e.g. the “reinette type” varieties in Group 6), additional characters have been used to separate the varieties in these large groups further, to avoid having to search through a large number of descriptions to find the “correct” variety SEASON - 2 - August Early September October Mid November December Late January V Late February onwards SHAPE Flat Round Conical Oblong Oval Intermediates (Flat-Round) (Round-Conical) (Conical - oblong) (Oblong - Oval) - 3 - REGULARITY Polygonal in transverse section Circular in transverse section To keep the key as short as possible, character combinations for which no variety exists in the Bunyard or Bultitude lists are not included. If you encounter a variety which fits one of the missing character combinations, simply add it to the list with the appropriate characters in the appropriate position in the key. G 1 : .Green skinned non striped SEASON Early July-Aug. incl.> ..................................................................................... 4 Mid Sept – Nov incl. .> ................................................................................... 5 Late Dec –Jan incl. .> ...................................................................................... 6 Very late Feb onwards.> ........................................................................................ 7 SEASON EARLY (JULY-AUG) Flat Circular Small Medium Juneating Large Polygonal Small Medium White White Transparent Lord Suffield Non-white Early Julian Emneth Early Round … none … Round-Conical Circular … none … Polygonal Small Early Victoria Medium Large Conical Circular … none … Polygonal Small Medium Lodi - 4 - Large Oblong Circular … none … Polygonal Small Medium Sugar Loaf Large Oval … none … MID (SEPT-NOV) Flat Circular Small Medium Stirling Castle Ecklinville Seedling Large Polygonal … none … Flat-Round Circular … none … Polygonal Small Medium Nelson’s Glory Byford Wonder Large Ecklinville Round Circular … none … Polygonal Small Medium New Hawthornden Large Norfolk Dumpling Withington Fillbasket Gooseberry Round-Conical Circular Small Medium Large Shoesmith Polygonal Small Medium Large Grenadier Gold Medal Warner’s King Conical Circular Small Medium White Lord Grosvenor Antonowka - 5 - White Melrose Non white James Welch Schoolmaster Large Polygonal … none … Oblong Circular Small Medium White Venus Pippin Non white Large Charles Eyre Polygonal Small Medium White Domino Non white Large White Transparent de Croncels Non white Pott’s Seedling Dutch Codlin Lord Derby Oval … none … LATE (DEC –JAN) Flat … none … Flat-Round Circular Small Medium Paul’s Winter Hawthornden Large Polygonal Small Medium Large Woolbrook Russet Round … none … Round-Conical Circular … none … Polygonal Small Medium Dr.Hogg Nelson Codlin Large Tower of Glamis Conical … none … Oblong Circular Small Medium - 6 - Large Edward VII Polygonal Small Medium Large Lenticels Carpel Carpel Calyx width closure cavity Alfriston present broad open funnel Buff Coat present broad open funnel Catshead present broad open cone Encore present broad open cone Gloria Mundi present narrow open cone Oblong -Oval Circular … none … Polygonal Small Medium Large Hambling’s Seedling Oval … none … VERY LATE (FEB. ONWARDS) Flat … none … Round Circular Small Medium French Crab Large Polygonal Small Medium Small’s Admirable Murfitt’s Seedling Large Round … none … Round-Conical Circular … none … Polygonal Small Medium London Pippin Winter Majetin Large Calville des Femmes Conical Circular … none … Polygonal Small Medium Rhode Island Greening Gooseberry Large Oblong Circular Small - 7 - Medium Hormead Pearmain Large Polygonal Small Medium Gospatrick Large Oblong-Oval Circular … none … Polygonal Small Lemon Pippin Medium Large Oval … none … G 2 : Green skinned striped SEASON Early July-Aug. incl.>............................................................................... None Mid Sept – Nov incl. .> ................................................................................... 8 Late Dec –Jan incl. .> ...................................................................................... 9 Very late Feb onwards.> ...................................................................................... 10 SEASON EARLY (JULY-AUG) … NONE … MID (SEPT-NOV) Flat Circular Small Medium Carlisle Codlin Large Polygonal Small Hoary morning Medium Malster Tom Putt Large Queen Flat-Round Circular … none … Polygonal Small Medium Large George Neal Round Circular Small Medium Hector MacDonald Large - 8 - Polygonal Small Medium Large Colloget Pippin Conical Circular … none … Polygonal Small Medium Frogmore Prolific Signe Tillisch Large Conical-Oblong Circular … none … Polygonal Small Medium Large Loddington Large Oblong … none … Oval Circular … none … Polygonal Small Medium Large Washington (sweet) LATE (DEC –JAN) Flat Circular Small Medium Hounslow Wonder Belle de Pontoise Seaton House Large Newton Wonder Crawley Beauty Polygonal Small Medium Large Bramley’s Seedling Flat-Round Circular Small Medium Large Dumelow’s Seedling Polygonal … none … Round Circular Small Medium Large Winter Nonsuch - 9 - Lane’s Prince Albert Polygonal Small Medium New Northern Greening Large Kent Fillbasket Round-Conical Circular … none … Polygonal Small Medium Large Howgate Wonder Lewis’s Incomparable Conical Circular … none … Polygonal Small Medium Rymer Flanders Pippin Sandringham Large Lord Stradbroke Mere de Menage Bismark Isaac Newton’s Tree Oblong Circular Small Medium New Bess Pool Large Polygonal Small Medium Large Eady’s Magnum Stone’s Chelmsford Wonder Yorkshire Greening Oval Circular … none … Polygonal Small Medium Large Twenty Ounce (sweet) VERY LATE (FEB. ONWARDS) Flat Circular … none
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Apples Catalogue 2019
    ADAMS PEARMAIN Herefordshire, England 1862 Oct 15 Nov Mar 14 Adams Pearmain is a an old-fashioned late dessert apple, one of the most popular varieties in Victorian England. It has an attractive 'pearmain' shape. This is a fairly dry apple - which is perhaps not regarded as a desirable attribute today. In spite of this it is actually a very enjoyable apple, with a rich aromatic flavour which in apple terms is usually described as Although it had 'shelf appeal' for the Victorian housewife, its autumnal colouring is probably too subdued to compete with the bright young things of the modern supermarket shelves. Perhaps this is part of its appeal; it recalls a bygone era where subtlety of flavour was appreciated - a lovely apple to savour in front of an open fire on a cold winter's day. Tree hardy. Does will in all soils, even clay. AERLIE RED FLESH (Hidden Rose, Mountain Rose) California 1930’s 19 20 20 Cook Oct 20 15 An amazing red fleshed apple, discovered in Aerlie, Oregon, which may be the best of all red fleshed varieties and indeed would be an outstandingly delicious apple no matter what color the flesh is. A choice seedling, Aerlie Red Flesh has a beautiful yellow skin with pale whitish dots, but it is inside that it excels. Deep rose red flesh, juicy, crisp, hard, sugary and richly flavored, ripening late (October) and keeping throughout the winter. The late Conrad Gemmer, an astute observer of apples with 500 varieties in his collection, rated Hidden Rose an outstanding variety of top quality.
    [Show full text]
  • APPLE (Fruit Varieties)
    E TG/14/9 ORIGINAL: English DATE: 2005-04-06 INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NEW VARIETIES OF PLANTS GENEVA * APPLE (Fruit Varieties) UPOV Code: MALUS_DOM (Malus domestica Borkh.) GUIDELINES FOR THE CONDUCT OF TESTS FOR DISTINCTNESS, UNIFORMITY AND STABILITY Alternative Names:* Botanical name English French German Spanish Malus domestica Apple Pommier Apfel Manzano Borkh. The purpose of these guidelines (“Test Guidelines”) is to elaborate the principles contained in the General Introduction (document TG/1/3), and its associated TGP documents, into detailed practical guidance for the harmonized examination of distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) and, in particular, to identify appropriate characteristics for the examination of DUS and production of harmonized variety descriptions. ASSOCIATED DOCUMENTS These Test Guidelines should be read in conjunction with the General Introduction and its associated TGP documents. Other associated UPOV documents: TG/163/3 Apple Rootstocks TG/192/1 Ornamental Apple * These names were correct at the time of the introduction of these Test Guidelines but may be revised or updated. [Readers are advised to consult the UPOV Code, which can be found on the UPOV Website (www.upov.int), for the latest information.] i:\orgupov\shared\tg\applefru\tg 14 9 e.doc TG/14/9 Apple, 2005-04-06 - 2 - TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1. SUBJECT OF THESE TEST GUIDELINES..................................................................................................3 2. MATERIAL REQUIRED ...............................................................................................................................3
    [Show full text]
  • Apple Varieties in Maine Frederick Charles Bradford
    The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Electronic Theses and Dissertations Fogler Library 6-1911 Apple Varieties in Maine Frederick Charles Bradford Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd Part of the Agriculture Commons Recommended Citation Bradford, Frederick Charles, "Apple Varieties in Maine" (1911). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 2384. http://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd/2384 This Open-Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. A thesis submitted to the faculty of the University of Maine in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE by FREDERICK CHARLES BRADFORD, B. S . Orono, Maine. June, 1911. 8 2 8 5 INTRODUCTION The following pages represent an effort to trace the causes of the changing procession of varieties of apples grown in Maine. To this end the history of fruit growing in Maine has been carefully studied, largely through the Agricultural Reports from 1850 to 1909 and the columns of the Maine Farmer fran 1838 to 1875. The inquiry has been confined as rigidly as possible to this state, out­ side sources being referred to only for sake of compari­ son. Rather incidentally, soil influences, modifications due to climate, etc., have been considered. Naturally* since the inquiry was limited to printed record, nothing new has been discovered in this study. Perhaps a somewhat new point of view has been achieved. And, since early Maine pomological literature has been rather neglected by our leading writers, some few forgot­ ten facts have been exhumed.
    [Show full text]
  • Council Submits New Rules for Removaloftopsoilwithincity
    0 j Foxman IP f> Read the Herald Read the Herald For Local News For Local News' Ken ing Summit for 9$ Years Serving Smnmiit tor Si I c«r* «uuf Summit Record Kftt*fe4 as , a Nattar at U* H»*»tfta» THURSDAY, MAY •, lfS4 at swmntt, t| tlw Art •» Mutki, MSI. $4 A YEAR 10 «EMS A Honors Three YMCA Lists Public Council Submits New Rules for [25-Year Men at Forum on Fifth lAnnual Dinner RemovalofTopsoilWithinCity M,ore than fifty persons'-attended Amendment Uses t»' Annual dinner of the Policy i • . • ••• • ' / ' ' •'•:•' "WJwt .ii.a'l A, dj anci: t. \ Common Council Tuesday night dropped a contm- 3-rn'Volent Aesoeiation, Local 58, auu n<Jiiif nt toii.ns^rtistt " vti! •iday night during which three 4 Iversial ordinance pertaining to soil removal and iniircKiitted the lop.i for di.-oiis-ir ii »i the j another which is essentially the same but eliminates certain it were honored' for 25 years of initial »t-.«iion of iih> Y.MCA Corn- u> e on the local force find given j protested regulations. The new ordinance was given ap- innniiy Forum org.tr..zt d by proval by the Summit Iteai Estate Board and local iiver life membership cards. loral associations Pisoi'i Affairs "—~~~~^ —/. builder.?, chief objectors pf ying the life membership Kducalion Oomrnittt.- Moii.lty *ie- .ordinance. at the ceremonies held at ning. Ma) 21 at i {. pi HI UJC YMCA -The IU.-'.V ordm..in4-i- p^mtt-tf th* Inn' were Lieutenant Hirbt'it, Kiinim, 1'K. t> rt'-.id'nt and Springfield -transportation •'-! top***! into S&m- •,vd McOrath, Patrolman 'Joseph fr-aturc editor of the JS'PW Vorkj Hrlf from othrr rHii.nicipah-.iei »iwi' sherry and Patrolman Philip F; World-Telegram.
    [Show full text]
  • RHS Award of Garden Merit: Fruit (With Descriptions) 2011
    RHS AWARD OF GARDEN MERIT Fruit (with descriptions) 2011 The AGM criteria APPLE (Malus domestica) 98 Alkmene’ (D) (H4) 2 Intended as a practical guide ~ aromatic, Cox-like flavour. Good, for the gardener, the AGM is regular crops; some resistance awarded only to plants that are: to scab and mildew. Season: late Sept.–late Oct. • excellent for ordinary use in ‘American Mother’ appropriate conditions ~ see ‘Mother’ • available 93 ‘Arthur Turner’ (C) (H4) 3 • of good constitution ~ flavoursome cooker. Large, golden • essentially stable in form and exhibition fruit. Good, regular colour crops; prone to mildew; some resistance to scab. Striking, deep • reasonably resistant to pests LIBRARY and diseases pink blossom, for which AM 1945. LEY Season: Sept.–Nov. D 4 LIN Key to codes & ratings 93 ‘Ashmead’s Kernel’ (D) (H4) , ~ intense, fruit-drop flavour. RHS Each award includes a hardiness Cropping erratic; prone to bitter rating, which is an integral part of pit. Season: Dec.–Feb. 93 ‘Claygate Pearmain’ (D) (H4)* 4 the AGM, and should be included 93 ‘Belle de Boskoop’ (C/D) (H4)*‡ 3 ~ rich and nutty flavour. Good, in any citation of the award: ~ needs little or no extra sugar when regular crops, but can be poorly cooked; mellows to brisk eating coloured. Season: Dec.–Feb. H1 requires heated glass apple. Good, regular crops; very 98 DELBARESTIVALE ‘Delcorf’ (D) (H4) 3 H2 requires unheated glass vigorous tree. Season: Oct.–Apr.; ~ bright, attractive fruit; sweet, H3 hardy outside in some regions; keeps well honeyed taste. Heavy, regular needs frost-free protection in 93 ‘Blenheim Orange’ (C/D) (H4)*‡ 3 crops.
    [Show full text]
  • Variety Description Origin Approximate Ripening Uses
    Approximate Variety Description Origin Ripening Uses Yellow Transparent Tart, crisp Imported from Russia by USDA in 1870s Early July All-purpose Lodi Tart, somewhat firm New York, Early 1900s. Montgomery x Transparent. Early July Baking, sauce Pristine Sweet-tart PRI (Purdue Rutgers Illinois) release, 1994. Mid-late July All-purpose Dandee Red Sweet-tart, semi-tender New Ohio variety. An improved PaulaRed type. Early August Eating, cooking Redfree Mildly tart and crunchy PRI release, 1981. Early-mid August Eating Sansa Sweet, crunchy, juicy Japan, 1988. Akane x Gala. Mid August Eating Ginger Gold G. Delicious type, tangier G Delicious seedling found in Virginia, late 1960s. Mid August All-purpose Zestar! Sweet-tart, crunchy, juicy U Minn, 1999. State Fair x MN 1691. Mid August Eating, cooking St Edmund's Pippin Juicy, crisp, rich flavor From Bury St Edmunds, 1870. Mid August Eating, cider Chenango Strawberry Mildly tart, berry flavors 1850s, Chenango County, NY Mid August Eating, cooking Summer Rambo Juicy, tart, aromatic 16th century, Rambure, France. Mid-late August Eating, sauce Honeycrisp Sweet, very crunchy, juicy U Minn, 1991. Unknown parentage. Late Aug.-early Sept. Eating Burgundy Tart, crisp 1974, from NY state Late Aug.-early Sept. All-purpose Blondee Sweet, crunchy, juicy New Ohio apple. Related to Gala. Late Aug.-early Sept. Eating Gala Sweet, crisp New Zealand, 1934. Golden Delicious x Cox Orange. Late Aug.-early Sept. Eating Swiss Gourmet Sweet-tart, juicy Switzerland. Golden x Idared. Late Aug.-early Sept. All-purpose Golden Supreme Sweet, Golden Delcious type Idaho, 1960. Golden Delicious seedling Early September Eating, cooking Pink Pearl Sweet-tart, bright pink flesh California, 1944, developed from Surprise Early September All-purpose Autumn Crisp Juicy, slow to brown Golden Delicious x Monroe.
    [Show full text]
  • Marcher Apple Network Rhwydwaith Afalau'r Gororau
    MARCHER APPLE NETWORK RHWYDWAITH AFALAU’R GORORAU ..........................................................................................................................……………………… Newsletter No 12 Non-Members £2 Summer 2006 ..........................................................................................................................……………………… CHAIRMAN’S REVIEW OF THE YEAR As I survey the MAN year I begin to realise that I could fill most of the Newsletter with just the Chairman’s Report. I will, however, spare members. Fortunately other contributors lighten the burden and I will try to summarise just some of our activities. Between the Committee and its sub-committees and our many contacts, much happens over the course of a year and it is this that makes MAN a successful and much respected group. Also the support we receive from members, from ‘hands-on’ to a few words of encouragement, is much appreciated. The series of Forward Planning seminars continue. One outcome this year was the realisation of the need for a secretary/events organiser to support the ever widening work of the Committee. I am delighted to announce that we have appointed Mrs Marie Ward to the post and she attended her first meeting in May. Marie will be working part-time with the Committee and its officers and she has computer-based skills that will be much used in the future. We continue to develop our research and publication activities. Members will be aware of our first CD, ‘The Herefordshire Pomona’ which has received considerable praise and is now available (thanks to our Webmaster) on e-Bay! The CD was followed by a pack of postcards based on the Pomona. The production of CD2, as it is referred to, or ‘Vintage Fruit’, is now well under way thanks to Richard Wheeler.
    [Show full text]
  • Reliable Fruit Tree Varieties for Santa Cruz County
    for the Gardener Reliable Fruit Tree Varieties for Santa Cruz County lanting a fruit tree is, or at least should be, a considered act involving a well thought-out plan. In a sense, you “design” a tree, or by extension, an orchard—and as tempting as it may be to grab a shovel and start digging, the Plast thing you do is plant the tree. There are many elements to the plan for successful deciduous fruit tree growing. They include, but are not limited to – • Site selection • Sanitation, particularly on the orchard floor • Soil—assessment and improvement • Weed management • Scale and diversity of the planting • Pruning/training systems • What genera and species (apple, pear, plum, • Thinning peach, etc.) and what varieties grow well in an area • Pest and disease control • Pollination • Sourcing quality trees • Irrigation • The planting hole and process • A fertility plan and associated fertilizers • Harvest and post-harvest All of the above factors comprise the jigsaw puzzle or the Rubik’s Cube of fruit growing. In essence, you must align all the colored cubes to induce smiles on the faces of both growers and consumers. This article focuses on the selection of genera, species, and varieties that do well in Santa Cruz County, and discusses chill hour requirements as one major criterion for successful fruit tree growing. THE RELIABLE—AND NOT SO RELIABLE What Grows Well Here By “what grows well,” I mean what produces a reliable annual crop and is relatively disease and pest free. In Santa Cruz County, that includes— • Apples • Pluots • Pears
    [Show full text]
  • A Manual Key for the Identification of Apples Based on the Descriptions in Bultitude (1983)
    A MANUAL KEY FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF APPLES BASED ON THE DESCRIPTIONS IN BULTITUDE (1983) Simon Clark of Northern Fruit Group and National Orchard Forum, with assistance from Quentin Cleal (NOF). This key is not definitive and is intended to enable the user to “home in” rapidly on likely varieties which should then be confirmed in one or more of the manuals that contain detailed descriptions e.g. Bunyard, Bultitude , Hogg or Sanders . The varieties in this key comprise Bultitude’s list together with some widely grown cultivars developed since Bultitude produced his book. The page numbers of Bultitude’s descriptions are included. The National Fruit Collection at Brogdale are preparing a list of “recent” varieties not included in Bultitude(1983) but which are likely to be encountered. This list should be available by late August. As soon as I receive it I will let you have copy. I will tabulate the characters of the varieties so that you can easily “slot them in to” the key. Feedback welcome, Tel: 0113 266 3235 (with answer phone), E-mail [email protected] Simon Clark, August 2005 References: Bultitude J. (1983) Apples. Macmillan Press, London Bunyard E.A. (1920) A Handbook of Hardy Fruits; Apples and Pears. John Murray, London Hogg R. (1884) The Fruit Manual. Journal of the Horticultural Office, London. Reprinted 2002 Langford Press, Wigtown. Sanders R. (1988) The English Apple. Phaidon, Oxford Each variety is categorised as belonging to one of eight broad groups. These groups are delineated using skin characteristics and usage i.e. whether cookers, (sour) or eaters (sweet).
    [Show full text]
  • Handling of Apple Transport Techniques and Efficiency Vibration, Damage and Bruising Texture, Firmness and Quality
    Centre of Excellence AGROPHYSICS for Applied Physics in Sustainable Agriculture Handling of Apple transport techniques and efficiency vibration, damage and bruising texture, firmness and quality Bohdan Dobrzañski, jr. Jacek Rabcewicz Rafa³ Rybczyñski B. Dobrzañski Institute of Agrophysics Polish Academy of Sciences Centre of Excellence AGROPHYSICS for Applied Physics in Sustainable Agriculture Handling of Apple transport techniques and efficiency vibration, damage and bruising texture, firmness and quality Bohdan Dobrzañski, jr. Jacek Rabcewicz Rafa³ Rybczyñski B. Dobrzañski Institute of Agrophysics Polish Academy of Sciences PUBLISHED BY: B. DOBRZAŃSKI INSTITUTE OF AGROPHYSICS OF POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ACTIVITIES OF WP9 IN THE CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE AGROPHYSICS CONTRACT NO: QLAM-2001-00428 CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR APPLIED PHYSICS IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE WITH THE th ACRONYM AGROPHYSICS IS FOUNDED UNDER 5 EU FRAMEWORK FOR RESEARCH, TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION ACTIVITIES GENERAL SUPERVISOR OF THE CENTRE: PROF. DR. RYSZARD T. WALCZAK, MEMBER OF POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES PROJECT COORDINATOR: DR. ENG. ANDRZEJ STĘPNIEWSKI WP9: PHYSICAL METHODS OF EVALUATION OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLE QUALITY LEADER OF WP9: PROF. DR. ENG. BOHDAN DOBRZAŃSKI, JR. REVIEWED BY PROF. DR. ENG. JÓZEF KOWALCZUK TRANSLATED (EXCEPT CHAPTERS: 1, 2, 6-9) BY M.SC. TOMASZ BYLICA THE RESULTS OF STUDY PRESENTED IN THE MONOGRAPH ARE SUPPORTED BY: THE STATE COMMITTEE FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH UNDER GRANT NO. 5 P06F 012 19 AND ORDERED PROJECT NO. PBZ-51-02 RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF POMOLOGY AND FLORICULTURE B. DOBRZAŃSKI INSTITUTE OF AGROPHYSICS OF POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ©Copyright by BOHDAN DOBRZAŃSKI INSTITUTE OF AGROPHYSICS OF POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LUBLIN 2006 ISBN 83-89969-55-6 ST 1 EDITION - ISBN 83-89969-55-6 (IN ENGLISH) 180 COPIES, PRINTED SHEETS (16.8) PRINTED ON ACID-FREE PAPER IN POLAND BY: ALF-GRAF, UL.
    [Show full text]
  • Using Whole-Genome SNP Data to Reconstruct a Large Multi
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Archivio istituzionale della ricerca - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna Muranty et al. BMC Plant Biology (2020) 20:2 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Using whole-genome SNP data to reconstruct a large multi-generation pedigree in apple germplasm Hélène Muranty1*† , Caroline Denancé1†, Laurence Feugey1, Jean-Luc Crépin2, Yves Barbier2, Stefano Tartarini3, Matthew Ordidge4, Michela Troggio5, Marc Lateur6, Hilde Nybom7, Frantisek Paprstein8, François Laurens1 and Charles-Eric Durel1 Abstract Background: Apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) is one of the most important fruit tree crops of temperate areas, with great economic and cultural value. Apple cultivars can be maintained for centuries in plant collections through grafting, and some are thought to date as far back as Roman times. Molecular markers provide a means to reconstruct pedigrees and thus shed light on the recent history of migration and trade of biological materials. The objective of the present study was to identify relationships within a set of over 1400 mostly old apple cultivars using whole-genome SNP data (~ 253 K SNPs) in order to reconstruct pedigrees. Results: Using simple exclusion tests, based on counting the number of Mendelian errors, more than one thousand parent-offspring relations and 295 complete parent-offspring families were identified. Additionally, a grandparent couple was identified for the missing parental side of 26 parent-offspring pairings. Among the 407 parent-offspring relations without a second identified parent, 327 could be oriented because one of the individuals was an offspring in a complete family or by using historical data on parentage or date of recording.
    [Show full text]
  • Edible-Catalogue-2021
    Diacks Nursery Catalogue 2021 Friday, 21 May 2021 Retail 2021 APPLE APPLE ADORE TM SEMI DWARF, (DELFLOGA) Pot: 25 L Height: 150cm $49.99 Medium sized, very tasty, sweet, crisp and juicy apples in mid summer. An excellent variety for organic gardens. Disease resistant. APPLE ARIANE PVR SEMI DWARF Pot: 25 L Height: 150cm $49.99 LATE SEASON Fruit is of medium size, and has a slightly flattened shape. Rich aroma and flavour, crisp, sweet flesh with a hint of tartness. APPLE AUTENTO TM (DELCOROS) TALL, EATING Pot: 25 L Height: 150cm $49.99 LATE SEASON The fruit is tasty when eaten fresh off the tree. Good disease resistance. APPLE BALLARAT SEMI DWARF, HERITAGE / COOKING Pot: 25 L Height: 150cm $49.99 MID SEASON Large apple with light pink blush on green skin. Excellent baking & keeping qualities... APPLE BALLERINA TM WALTZ, TELAMON PVR Pot: 8.5 L Height: 100cm $49.99 MID SEASON Purpleish pink and white flowers followed by sweet juicy red and green apples. Flavour reminiscent of red delicious. Eating apple.. Grows to 2.5 in 5yrs APPLE BAUJADE SEMI-DWARF Pot: 25 L Height: 150cm $49.99 LATE SEASON French organic Granny Smith type apple . Medium sized, sweet and aromatic... APPLE BEDFORD CRAB SEMI-DWARF, CIDER/JELLY Pot: 8 L Height: 150cm $39.99 LATE SEASON This apple is ideal for making cider or jelly .Will grow in a wide range of sites APPLE BLACK PRINCE SEMI-DWARF, CIDER/COOKING/EATING Pot: 8 L Height: 150cm $44.99 MID SEASON Black Prince is a large tart apple.It has black or dark maroon red skin.
    [Show full text]