Practical training course on sustainable sediment management with the Sava River Basin as a showcase
- Serbian part of the Sava river basin -
Marina Babić Mladenović, PhD C.E., Slobodan Petković, PhD C.E. Institute Jaroslav Černi, Belgrade
Practical training course on sustainable sediment management with the Sava River Basin as a showcase, Zagreb, 2012 Content:
1. Overview of the Serbian part of the Sava River Basin
2. Sediment balance
3. Sediment monitoring
4. Evaluation of sediment quality and quantity
10/22/2012 Practical training course on sustainable sediment management with the Sava River Basin as a showcase, Zagreb, 2012 2 1. OVERVIEW OF THE SERBIAN PART OF THE SAVA RIVER BASIN
10/22/2012 Practical training course on sustainable sediment management with the Sava River Basin as a showcase, Zagreb, 2012 3 River network
• Republic of Serbia (RS) is the most downstream country in the Sava River Basin • 17% of the Sava river basin • RS stretch of the Sava River is 210 km long • Main tributaries of the Sava River: – Right: • Drina River (A ∼ 19,500 km 2; 37% B&H 31.5% MNE, 30.5% RS, 1% AL) • Several small right tributaries • Kolubara River (A ∼ 3,650 km 2) – Left: • Bosut River (A ∼ 2,900 km 2; 70.7% CR + 29.3% RS); flow regime completely controlled by sluice and p.s. Bosut located at the mouth • Numerous drainage channels – controled inflow (PS)
10/22/2012 Practical training course on sustainable sediment management with the Sava River Basin as a showcase, Zagreb, 2012 4 Hydrology
Table 1: Main hydrological characteristics of significant watercourses in the Sava River Basin
Distance Basin River Profile from the Q Q area av 1% mouth km km 2 m3/s m3/s Sava Jamena 203 64,073 1,180 4,527 Sava Sr. Mitrovica 139 87,996 Sava Šabac 106 89,490 1,530 6,750 Sava Beograd 2 95,719 Lim Brodarevo 98 2,762 72 1,100 Lim Priboj 45 3,684 96 1,260 Drina B. Bašta 177 14,797 340 4,990 Drina Radalj 77 17,490 370 5,830 Kolubara Draževac 12 3,588 20 640
10/22/2012 Practical training course on sustainable sediment management with the Sava River Basin as a showcase, Zagreb, 2012 5 Sava River
• Typical alluvial river flowing through wide lowlands • Navigable • Not “heavily engineered” – a few stretches with river structures (mainly revetments and groins) • Mixture of gravel and sand in the bottom • Sources of sediment – upstream inflow + tributaries + local bank erosion (not important) • Sediment regime is altered downstream of Sabac (km 100) – the shallow part of the Iron Gate 1 reservoir
10/22/2012 Practical training course on sustainable sediment management with the Sava River Basin as a showcase, Zagreb, 2012 6 Drina River
Source: Junction of the Piva and the Tara Mouth: Sava River
10/22/2012 Practical training course on sustainable sediment management with the Sava River Basin as a showcase, Zagreb, 2012 7 Drina River
The largest water resource and hydropower potential on Balkans
Total AQ Reservoir River av Year volume [km 2] [m3/s] [10 6 m3] 1 Uvac Uvac 920 11.5 1979 200 2 Kokin Brod Uvac 1170 13.9 1962 250 3 Radoinja Uvac 3500 14.4 1959 7.6 4 Potpeć Lim 3605 78 1967 27.5 5 Otilovići Ćehotina 352 6.6 1981 20.7 6 Mratinje Piva 1758 74.4 1973 890 7 Višegrad Drina 13310 342 1988 161 8 Bajina Bašta Drina 15195 349 1966 340 9 Lazići Beli Rzav - - 1984 170 10 Zvornik Drina 17423 399.4 1955 95 11 Sniježnica Rastošnica 39 - 1985 23.1 Ukupno: 2178.9
10/22/2012 Practical training course on sustainable sediment management with the Sava River Basin as a showcase, Zagreb, 2012 8 Drina River - Existing HPPs
Future HPPs Future HPPs Future HPPs 3rd phase 2nd phase 1st phase
Lim
HE Zvornik HE Bajina Basta HE Visegrad
10/22/2012 Practical training course on sustainable sediment management with the Sava River Basin as a showcase, Zagreb, 2012 9 Lim River
Source: Lake Plav (MNE) Mouth: Drina - Visegrad reservoir (B&H) HPP Potpeć
Kokin Brod - Uvac
Bistrica - Uvac
Uvac – Uvac 10/22/2012 Practical training course on sustainable sediment management with the Sava River Basin as a showcase, Zagreb, 2012 10 Small tributaries of the Sava River
Left tributaries – drainage channels and small rivers included in drainage systems
Right tributaries – drainage channels + small rivers + Kolubara river
10/22/2012 Practical training course on sustainable sediment management with the Sava River Basin as a showcase, Zagreb, 2012 11 Kolubara River
The largest national tributary (A=3.650 km 2, L=86,4 km) Mouth: Sava River, near Belgrade
10/22/2012 Practical training course on sustainable sediment management with the Sava River Basin as a showcase, Zagreb, 2012 12 2. SEDIMENT BALANCE
10/22/2012 Practical training course on sustainable sediment management with the Sava River Basin as a showcase, Zagreb, 2012 13 Basic factors of sediment production
Relief Land cover
Runoff
10/22/2012 Practical training course on sustainable sediment management with the Sava River Basin as a showcase, Zagreb, 2012 14 Sources of sediment
Erosion in the watershed
Classification of erosion Basin Cathegory of erosion (% of the area) I II III IV V Very Excessive Strong Average Weak weak Lowland parts along the Sava and 1% 3% 10% 38% 48% small tributaries Drina river basin 2% 9% 28% 59% 2% (Serbian part) Kolubara river 2% 7% 42% 40% 9% basin
Bank erosion - present on all natural watercourses in the Sava river basin, buth with different intensity – most severe on the Lower Drina (downstream of the Zvornik reservoir)
(Glacial erosion) Map of erosion Water Management Master Plan, 2001 (Erosion potential method) 10/22/2012 Practical training course on sustainable sediment management with the Sava River Basin as a showcase, Zagreb, 2012 15 Practical training course on sustainable sediment management with the Sava River Basin as a showcase, Zagreb, 2012 Practical training course on sustainable sediment management with the Sava River Basin as a showcase, Zagreb, 2012 10/22/2012 Practical training course on sustainable sediment management with the Sava River Basin as a showcase, Zagreb, 2012 18 Bank erosion
- Lower Drina (downstream - Lower Kolubara of the Zvornik dam) - intensive fluvial erosion is accompanied with sediment accumulation and bar formation, and the instability of the river alignment - Rate of erosion is estimated to 1-0.5 million m3/year (based on the length of eroded banks)
10/22/2012 Practical training course on sustainable sediment management with the Sava River Basin as a showcase, Zagreb, 2012 19 Reservoir sedimentation
HPP Zvornik reservoir • The most downstream reservoir in the Drina River basin was built first! • 1/3 of the initial volume was filled in the 13 first years of operation Sedimentation 1955-1967: ∆V=38 ⋅10 6 m3; 2,92 ⋅10 6 m3/year • After the erection of the upstream Bajina Basta dam, sedimentation exists, but the rate is lower: Sedimentation 1967-2005: ∆V=16 ⋅10 6 m3; 0,42 ⋅10 6 m3/year V∼95 ⋅10 6 m3
10/22/2012 Practical training course on sustainable sediment management with the Sava River Basin as a showcase, Zagreb, 2012 20 Reservoir sedimentation
HPP Bajina Bašta reservoir
Polluted?
10/22/2012 Practical training course on sustainable sediment management with the Sava River Basin as a showcase, Zagreb, 2012 21 Reservoir sedimentation
HPP Višegrad reservoir 340
330
320
310 Z[ mnm ]
300
290
280 0 20,000,000 40,000,000 60,000,000 80,000,000 100,000,000 120,000,000 Zapremina [ m 3 ]
Drina 1991.g Drina 2005.g
XL bottom outlets = no sedimentation
10/22/2012 Practical training course on sustainable sediment management with the Sava River Basin as a showcase, Zagreb, 2012 22 Sediment balance - Drina river basin The average yearly sediment transport (million m3) Sava Sava Sava Sava
1.7 0.5 1.3 0.5 4.5 0.5 (1.0+0.5+0.2 FLE) (0.3+0.5+0.5 FLE)
HPP Zvornik HPP Zvornik HPP Zvornik 3.0 0.4
4.0 4.0 0.7 0.5 HPP Bajina Basta HPP Bajina Basta 0.5 2.4 0.5
3.5 3.5 3.1 HPP Visegrad
2.4 2.4 2.4 HPP Potpec HPP Potpec 0.9 0.9
Piva Piva Piva Piva Tara Tara Tara Tara Natural 1955-1967 1967 - 1976 Future
10/22/2012 Practical training course on sustainable sediment management with the Sava River Basin as a showcase, Zagreb, 2012 23 SRB - Estimate of present sediment balance
Sava 3.5
Drina 1.3
HPP Zvornik Kolubara 0.25
HPP Bajina Basta
Drina 3.1 Lim 0.2 Lim 1.1
HPP Potpec
The average yearly sediment transport (million m3)
10/22/2012 Practical training course on sustainable sediment management with the Sava River Basin as a showcase, Zagreb, 2012 24 3. SEDIMENT MONITORING No regular measurements of suspended and bed load transport in the river system!!!
10/22/2012 Practical training course on sustainable sediment management with the Sava River Basin as a showcase, Zagreb, 2012 25 Drina River Very heterogeneous database 1. Measurements of suspended sediment – 3. Estimates of sediment yield in the Republic hydrometeorological service of Drina river basin, based on erosion Serbia, at: maps – Drina: Mihaljevici (1991-2002), Radalj (1984-2002), 4. Bed material sampling along the river Badovinci (1990-2001) and in reservoirs – Lim: Prijepolje (1963-2002) – Crni Rzav: Vardiste (1990-1995) 5. Investigations of the grain size and 2. Institute Jaroslav Cerni – measurements on thickness of alluvial fan on the Lower Lower Drina (downstream of Zvornik dam), Drina between 1985 and 1987 6. Surveys and analyses of reservoir – Daily concentrations of suspended sediment sedimentation (EPS) – Bed load sampling (10 campaigns) 7. Dredging
10/22/2012 Practical training course on sustainable sediment management with the Sava River Basin as a showcase, Zagreb, 2012 26 Drina River
Dredging permits between mouth and km 60, 2005 - 2010: • 335.925 - 788.507 m3 • 10 - 31 location (max 175.900 m3)
Problem of border between RS and BH
10/22/2012 Practical training course on sustainable sediment management with the Sava River Basin as a showcase, Zagreb, 2012 27 Sava River
1. Measurements of suspended sediment – Republic hydrometeorological service of Serbia, at: – Sremska Mitrovica (1958-1980) – Sabac (1958-2002), – Beograd (1958-1998) 2. Monitoring of the Iron Gate 1 reservoir sedimentation – Institute Jaroslav Cerni, 1974 – 2012, between the mouth to Danube and Sabac (km 100) – Daily concentrations of suspended sediment and suspended sediment transport – Sremska Mitrovica and Beograd – Morphological changes in the river bed 3. Various studies, designs etc. – Bed material sampling along the river – Investigations of the grain size and thickness of alluvial deposits
10/22/2012 Practical training course on sustainable sediment management with the Sava River Basin as a showcase, Zagreb, 2012 28 Sava River
ŠLJUNAK PESAK PRAŠINA GLINA OBLUCI KRUPAN SREDNJI SITAN KRUPAN SREDNJI SITAN PRAŠINAST SREDNJ A FINA 0 100 Beograd 10 Beograd 90 Progar - Kupinovo 20 80 Progar - Kupinovo 30 Bosut 70 Bosut 40 60
50 50
60 40
70 30
80 20 ukupan težinski prolazak kroz sito (%)
90 10
100 0 200 100 60 30 20 10 2 1 0.2 0.1 0.02 0.01 0.002 0.001 0.0002 0.0001 preènik zrna d (mm)
10/22/2012 Practical training course on sustainable sediment management with the Sava River Basin as a showcase, Zagreb, 2012 29 Sava River
Monitoring of IG 1 reservoir sedimentation 1. Suspended sediment concentration derived from samples (volume 5 l) taken from the fixed point at the water surface 2. Measurements of water and sediment discharge 1- 2 times per year: (a) Echo-sounding of river cross- section; (b) Flow velocity measurement; (c) Taking 25 samples of water and suspended sediment (5 points at each of 5 verticals) and (d) Sampling 5 kg of bed material in each vertical. Vacuum bathometer (with 40 l bottle) is used for suspended sediment sampling
10/22/2012 Practical training course on sustainable sediment management with the Sava River Basin as a showcase, Zagreb, 2012 30 Sava River 1974 2010 Flood Floods 7 Sremska Mitrovica 6 Beograd
5
4
3
P (mil tons) 2
1
0 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Year
April-October November-March
Qav –Ps,av
10/22/2012 Practical training course on sustainable sediment management with the Sava River Basin as a showcase, Zagreb, 2012 31 Sava River
7000
6500 Qсаве у класама Q дунава контуре корелационог поља 1931-2009. година 6000 дневне вредности 5500
5000
4500 /s) 3 4000 (m
3500 Саве
3000
протоци 2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000 8500 9000 9500 10000 10500 11000 11500 12000 12500 13000 13500 14000 14500 15000 15500
протоци Дунава низводно од Саве (m 3/s) 8
10/22/2012 Practical training course on sustainable sediment management with the Sava River Basin as a showcase, Zagreb, 2012 32 Sava River
0.14
0.12 1986-2004 0.10 05.04.2005. ) 3 0.08 04.10.2006. 0.06 27.09.2007.
C (kg/m C 13.10.2008. 0.04 21.09.2009. 0.02
0.00 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Q (m 3/s)
1.00 0.90 0.80 1986-2004 0.70 05.04.2005. 0.60 04.10.2006. 0.50
(cm/s) 27.09.2007.
ω 0.40 13.10.2008. 0.30 0.20 21.09.2009. 0.10 0.00 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Q (m 3/s)
10/22/2012 Practical training course on sustainable sediment management with the Sava River Basin as a showcase, Zagreb, 2012 33 Sava River
Survey of permanent cross-sections, 1 km distance
Reka: SAVA Profil: 8 Stacionaža: km 7+450 79.00 78.00 77.00 Legenda: 76.00 75.00 1970. god. 74.00 1977. god. 73.00 1981. god. 72.00 1992. god. 71.00 1998. god. ) 70.00 m 2004. god. n 69.00 m 2005. god. (
Z 68.00 67.00 66.00 65.00 64.00 63.00 62.00 61.00 60.00 59.00 0 50 -50 250 300 350 400 450 500 100 150 200 -100 odstojanje od leve belege (m)
10/22/2012 Practical training course on sustainable sediment management with the Sava River Basin as a showcase, Zagreb, 2012 34 Sava River
Morphological changes in the river bed 1982-2004 = dominant erosion Volumes of dredged material taken into account
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5 ) 3 1 m 6
0.5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 -0.5
-1 stvarna deformacija (10 stvarna
-1.5
-2
-2.5
-3
-3.5 deonice
10/22/2012 Practical training course on sustainable sediment management with the Sava River Basin as a showcase, Zagreb, 2012 35 Kolubara River
1. Measurements of suspended sediment – Republic hydrometeorological service of Serbia, at: – Slovac (1958-1992) – Beli Brod (1986-2001) – Drazevac (1958-2002) – Stuborovni (1983-1993) 2. Institute Jaroslav Cerni & other - Various studies, designs etc. – Morphological changes in the river bed – Bed material sampling along the river
10/22/2012 Practical training course on sustainable sediment management with the Sava River Basin as a showcase, Zagreb, 2012 36 Monitoring of quality of sediment in rivers and reservoirs Republic hydrometeorological Agency for Environmental service of Serbia Protection – since 2011
10/22/2012 Practical training course on sustainable sediment management with the Sava River Basin as a showcase, Zagreb, 2012 37 Monitoring of sediment quality
River sediment Sava: Jamena, Sremska Mitrovica, Šabac, Ostružnica Drina: Badovinci, Lešnica (Jadar) Lim: Priboj, Priboj (Uvac) Kolubara: Slovac, Beli Brod, Draževac, Bogovađa (Ljig), Vreoci (Peštan) Other tributaries: Rakovica (Topčiderska r.)
Reservoir sediment Uvac: Kokin Brod, Radoinja, Sjenica (Uvac)
10/22/2012 Practical training course on sustainable sediment management with the Sava River Basin as a showcase, Zagreb, 2012 38 Monitoring of sediment quality
Detailed examination of sediment quality on the Sava river and its tributaries within the limits of the Belgrade city:
• Sava: Zabran (30km), Duboko (24km), Makiš (10km) • Kolubara: 2 profiles + its tributaries Peštan, Turija, Beljanica, Lukavica (1 profile) • Galovica channel: 2 profiles • Other small tributaries of Sava r. (Topčiderska r., Železnička r., Barička r.)
10/22/2012 Practical training course on sustainable sediment management with the Sava River Basin as a showcase, Zagreb, 2012 39 Cleaning of hot spot in Belgrade
Mouth of Topciderka River – inflow of polluted water and sediment into the Sava
10/22/2012 Practical training course on sustainable sediment management with the Sava River Basin as a showcase, Zagreb, 2012 40 3. EVALUATION OF SEDIMENT QUANTITY AND QUALITY
10/22/2012 Practical training course on sustainable sediment management with the Sava River Basin as a showcase, Zagreb, 2012 41 Some proposals for the future monitoring
• Present scope of sediment monitoring in Serbia is not sufficient – only partial investigations of sediment parameters for different purposes • Sediment monitoring is envisaged in Program of Republic hydrometeorological service of Serbia, but instruments/methodology should be updated • Transboundary rivers - Sediment monitoring profiles and methodology of sampling and laboratory testing should be agreed between countries – Upper Drina and Lim – B&H, MNE, Serbia – Lower Drina - B&H (RS), Serbia – Sava – Slovenia, Croatia, B&H, Serbia • National rivers – the same methodology as for transboundary rivers
In SSM plan national/international issues should be distinguished
The minimum scope of monitoring should cover: • Suspended sediment transport • Sedimentation of reservoirs • Mapping of erosion processes (pluvial erosion, torrents, fluvial erosion) • Investigations of sediment quality (WFD)
10/22/2012 Practical training course on sustainable sediment management with the Sava River Basin as a showcase, Zagreb, 2012 42 Is Sava a navigable river?
Sava River near Sabac, Serbia, August 2012
Thank you.
10/22/2012 Practical training course on sustainable sediment management with the Sava River Basin as a showcase, Zagreb, 2012 43