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Home , Bosna (river), Drina, Krivaja (Bosna), Sava, Ukrina, Una (Sava)

Practical training course on sustainable sediment management with the Basin as a showcase , , 15 – 18 October 2012

Sediment management in Sava river basin – and Herzegovina –

Presentation prepared by Prof. dr. Tarik Kupusovic, dipl.ing Hydro-Engineering Institute of Civil Engineering Faculty

1 Content 1. General characteristics of BiH 2. General information about sediments 3. Sava river basin characteristics (BiH) 4. Sediment balance i. Sediment production and transport ii. The impact of existing anti erosion barriers on sediment balance 5. Sediment monitoring 6. Sediment quality

2 1. General characteristics of BiH

Predominantly hilly and mountainous nature; over 83% of area has a slope of 13% or greater;

Total area : percentage 51.129 km 2

lowland area 13,3% (up to 300 masl) hilly-mountainous area 26,3% (300-700 masl)

mountainous area 57,2% (above 700 masl) Mediterranean area 5,2% (below 500 masl)

3 2. General information about sediments

Sediment in watercourse due to erosion in basins due to rain, snow, frost, change in temperature, wind, waves, current, antropogenic stressors Erosion as a problem of humanity : systematic soil damage, disruption in water regime;

4 2. General information about sediments BH during Austro-Hungarian empire - building of roads and railways; repair of torrential streams and erosion protection (today are remains of torrential partitions and dam sediments) BH during the Kingdom of - the fight against erosion until 1922. subject to the Ministry of Forests and Mines, later the Ministry of and Water; The Republic of within the SFRY - 1947th Torrent management Department, 1949th Design biro for soil protection;

5 2. General information about sediments

1955. – the first symposium on the scientific basis for the fight against erosion – conclusions:

the need to organize unified service for the erosion of the entire region of Yugoslavia;

the need to adopt the federal and state laws on the protection of soil from erosion. The findings suggest the need to establish a special fund for all scientific, operational, investigative and other works.

6 2. General information about sediments After WWII construction of the first power plants (HPP and HPP Jablanica Bogati ći in BiH). Erosion problem grows in importance; empirical estimate of the sediment transport in the (duration expectancy of 50 years); Measures taken: The construction of the anti-erosion barriers, reforestation, education of population and planting of fruit trees and vineyards on steep slopes. Both HPP are still in function, however HPP Bogati ći is significantly filled with sediments ; Research and measurements of sediments on streams since 1980s.

7 2. General information about sediments The first measurements of bed and suspended sediment on the Bijela , and by the Hydro- engineering Institute, Civil Engineering Faculty Sarajevo / Hydro-meteorological Institute of BiH; Monitoring stations on the selected profiles with daily sampling and observation; Measurements of sediment transport in areas of significant turbidity; Measurement of bed load with „mechanical catcher."

8 3. Sava River Basin (BiH) Lenght of river Sava: 895 km; Main : , , Jablanica, , , , Tinja i Drina.

State Sava % of the Sava catchment catchment area area by states (km 2)

Slovenia 10,700 10,99 Croatia 25,550 26,25 Bosnia and 38,750 39,81 Herzegovina

SCG 22,200 22,81 170 0,14 TOTAL 97,340 100,00

9 3. Sava River Basin (BiH)

Table: Overview of erosion in the catchment area by major basins Name of Area of Eroded Fe/F Uneroded area of Fa/F (%) tributary trib. F area Fe tributary Fa (km 2) (km 2) (km 2)

Kupa 705 642 91,19 63 8,96

Una 7907 7355 93,01 552 6,99 Jablanica 475 375 79,00 99 21,00

Vrbas 6260 5634 90,00 626 10,00 Ukrina 1500 1293 86,20 207 13,80 Bosna 10551 9630 91,27 921 8,73 Tinja 905 618 68,29 287 31,74 Drina 7321 6949 94,92 372 5,08 Sava 2402 1190 49,54 1212 50,45 immediate catchement Total 38028 33686 88,60 4342 11,41

10 4. Sediment balance Production and transport of sediments: Yearly amount of sediments in BiH: 16.518.030 m3/god, specific production 323m 3/km 2/year; In Sava river basin: production of sediments 12.444.129 m 3/year, specific production 369 m3/km 2/year; Largest production of sediments is in catchments of Bosna, Una, Vrbas and Ukrina rivers. However, the largest production per km 2 is in the basin of river Ukrine, in immediate basin of river Sava, as well as Tinja caused by intensive agriculture. 11 4. Balance of sediments The impact of existing anti-erosion barriers on balance of sediment: Barriers in waterbeds significantly affect bed load transport decrease, up to 30%; Small impact on suspended sediments; In areas where water accumulates > 2 hours, deposition of suspended particles can reach up to 70 %.

12 5. Monitoring of deposits Organized or systematic monitoring of sediment in Sava river basin or its tributaries does not exist; Occasional monitoring and modelling of sediment for particular projects – examples: On river Sava – the design of Sava river waterway On river Bosna for HPP

Photo: River Bosna near Vranduk

13 6. Quality of sediments Examination of sediment quality within “Sava river basin project: Sustainable usage, management and protection of resources”; Sampling was completed 4 times (08/2005, 11/2005, 05/2006, 10/2006), after long drought and rain periods; Results of laboratory analysis of river Sava sediments and her main tributaries (BiH) -> next page

14 Locations of sediment sampling

Measurement profiles on river Sava

Measurement profiles on Sava tributaries

15 River Measurement Cu(mg/kg) Ni(mg/kg) Zn(mg/kg) Pb(mg/kg) Cd(mg/kg) Cr(mg/kg) As (mg/kg) Hg(mg/kg) location

Una Bos. Gradiška, 5 km 57,4 83,5 105,0 39,4 0,455 51,9 12,0 0,361 from the with the river Sava 73,6 119,3 123,6 45,5 0,479 58,4 14,9 0,227 52,6 104,8 104,3 30,5 0,392 39,3 13,5 0,138

30,8 74,1 88,2 24,1 0,156 70,5 15,8 0,149

Vrbas Settlement Razboj, 53,7 125,5 104,9 30,8 0,378 60,4 170, 0,374 municipality - 83,0 118,4 47,1 0,349 55,1 20,9 0,409

42,6 160,1 87,1 28,5 0,362 42,0 14,7 0,266

30,8 74,1 88,2 24,1 0,516 61,3 15,8 0,311

Sava Sl. 32,0 102,0 118,0 26,0 0,580 186,0 16,5 0,347

Sava Srbac 40,5 111,4 93,1 26,3 0,450 45,3 13,7 0,307

Bosna Settlement Prud, 46,8 187,7 180,8 63,4 0,405 161,2 13,3 0,353 municipality Orašje - 193,1 182,4 64,4 0,423 193,4 22,8 0,317

53,0 160,4 44,1 75,1 0,557 167,0 18,8 0,276

55,9 236,9 152,0 99,9 0,607 135,4 26,4 0,285

Drina Settlement Dvorovi 46,6 130,1 357,8 256,4 0,730 65,8 16,6 0,491 (between municipalities 59,4 86,7 282,2 268,6 0,569 70,2 17,8 0,313 and 49,9 99,6 73,4 136,7 0,705 51,1 11,9 0,206 Sremska Ra ča) 34,5 97,3 159,3 99,4 0,587 128,3 35,0 0,258

Sava Ra ča 47,1 141,9 127,2 46,5 0,479 67,1 15,3 0,200

Sediment quality limiting values

TEL Threshold effect level 18,7 15,9 124 30,2 0,676 52,3 52,3 0,13

PEL Probable toxic effect 108 42,8 271 112 4021 160 160 0,696

BIH Maximal 100 60 300 150 2 100 100 2 concentrations for soil 16 180 300 160 Cu 250 Pb 140 120 200 100 150 80 mg/kg mg/kg 60 100 40 50 20

0 0 . . j g v. aj v. v. v v. a . . . j . o o a o ko č v g v. g. v. c o a m o m č ov. ov. ug. o u o ov k č Au N N N N Ra Nov ma maj č s No a a Srbac Br Au N N A a maj Ra bas maj a in n a a n a N a A Srba Br Una Una Una Una r b sna ina Nov. i n bas n s n na na N V r o Dr Una Aug.U Una majUna No bas bas s rin i Vrbas Aug.Vrbas Nov. V Bosna Aug.Bosna Nov.Bosna Bmaj Drina Aug.Dr Dr Vr Dri Vrbas Vr Vr Bo Bosna Nov.Bo Bos D Drina N Dr

300 4,5 4 250 Ni Cd 3,5 200 3 2,5 150 mg/kg

mg/kg 2 100 1,5

50 1 0,5 0 0 . j j g v. a v. v. v. c a o a o a ko č . . j . . . j . . . j . . . j . m ov. o m b č g v a v g v a v g v a v g v a v c o a Au N s maj N N Nov. N r Ra u o m o u o m o u o m o u o m o a čk č s Aug. a maj a a a S Br A N N A N N A N N A N N rb r a a a n n in n a a a s s s a a a a S B R Una b rb sna sna ina Aug. na n n n s a a a a na n na a n in n Una Una Una Nov.r o os o Dr U a b rb b sn s s s rin ri r ri V Vrbas Nov.V Vrbas No B Dr Dri Dri U U U rb r V r o o o o D Bosna Aug.B B V V V B B B B D D D

400 250 350 Cr Zn 200 300

250 150 200 mg/kg mg/kg 150 100

100 50 50

0 0 . . . j a . j . . . . j . . . v. g v. v. g v. v. g v. a v. ko č g. v a v . v aj v . v a v g. v aj v c o a o u o o o m o bac č u o m o ug o o ug o o u o o a k č N Au N N Au N N r Ra A N N A N m N A N m N A N m N rb r č a s A s No a a a a a S Br a a a s a a S B R a a sna majn n n in n na n n n s as a as a na n na a na in na Una Aug.Una Nov.Una majUna b b sna sna o s i i i U a b rb b sn s s s rin ri r ri Vrbas majrbas Noo o Dr U U U rb r V r o o o o D D D Vr Vr V B B B Bo Dr Dr Dr V V V B B B B D

45 2,5 40 As Hg 35 2 30 1,5 25 mg/kg mg/kg 20 1 15

10 0,5 5 0 0

. . j . . j . . j . . . j . . . j . . . j . . . j . . . j . g v a v g. v a v g. v a v g v a v c o a g v a v g v a v g v a v g v a v c o a u o m o u o o u o o u o o a čk č u o m o u o o u o m o u o m o a čk č A N N A N m N A N m N A N m N rb r a A N N A N m N A N N A N N rb r a a a s s s a a a a S B R a a a s s s a a a a S B Ra na n n n s a a a a na n na a n in n a n n n s a a a a na n na a n in n U U U ba b rb b sn s s s rin ri r ri U a b rb b sn s s s rin ri r ri U r r V r o o o o D D D Un U U rb r V r o o o o D V V V B B B B D V V V B B B B D D D

Una Prag toksi čnog uticaja Vrbas Vjerovatno toksi čan uticaj Bosna BIH legislativa za tlo Drina Sava (Srbac, Br čko, Ra ča) 17 6. Sediment quality Conclusions: Nickel concentration> threshold effect level TEL, probable toxic level PEL and BiH on all measurement location, most in river Bosna; concentration was in most samples above given limits according to B&H legislation. Same applies for concentration of . Chrome concentration of TEL and PEL of given limits only found in sediment of river Bosna. concentration was always within all threshold levels. Therefore: Pollution indicators are nickel and chrome in river Bosna, lead and zinc in river Drina; other indicators are insignificant.

18 Thank you for attention!

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