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PATERSON PUBLIC SCHOOLS

Anthropology Post Assessment

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Direction: Directions: Choose the correct response for each question. Make sure that your answer is clearly marked. Each question is worth 2 points.

Read the passage below and answer questions 1, 2, and 3.

Otzi the Iceman is the modern nickname of a -preserved natural of a man from about 3300 B.C.E., found in 1991 in a glacier of the Otztal Alps, near the border between Austria and Italy. The nickname comes from the valley of discovery. He rivals the Egyptian "Ginger" as the oldest known mummy, and has offered an unprecedented view on the habits of (Copper Age) Europeans. The body has been extensively examined, measured, x-rayed, and dated. Tissues and gut contents were examined microscopically, as was the pollen found on his gear. At the time of his , Otzi was a 30-to-45-year old man, approximately 160 cm (5'3") tall. Analysis of pollen and dust grains and the isotopic composition of his teeth's enamel indicate that he spent his childhood near the present village of Feldthurns, north of Bolzano, but later went to live in valleys about 50 km further north. He had 57 , some of which were located on or near acupuncture points that coincide with the modern points that would be used to treat symptoms of diseases that Otzi seems to have suffered from, such as digestive parasites and osteoarthrosis. Some scientists believe that these tattoos indicate an early type of acupuncture. His clothes, including a woven grass cloak and leather vest and , were quite sophisticated. Other items found with the Iceman were a copper with a yew handle, a flint with an ash handle, a quiver full of with viburnum and dogwood shafts and flint heads, and an unfinished yew that was taller than he was.

1. According to the above passage, what did Otzi have among his personal affects that would give scientists clues to what time period this mummy was from? A. The pollen on his clothes B. The copper axe he had with him C. The flint knife D. B and C

2. How did anthropologists know that Otzi spent his childhood near the village of Feldthurns? A. Dust grains and the analysis of his tooth enamel B. The craftsmanship of his woven grass cloak C. The tattoos on his body C. DNA analysis comparisons with people living in

3. What evidence on his body indicated to anthropologists that he suffered from digestive parasites? A. His contents contained the parasites B. He was malnourished and frail C. The tattoos on his body corresponded with acupressure points associated with the treatment of such a disease D. His face showed telltale symptoms of such a disease.

Use the images below to answer questions 4, 5 and 6.

4. The scientist conduction research in image (F) would be classified as: A. A cultural anthropologist B. A linguistic anthropologist C. An archeologist D. A physical anthropologist

5. All the all the anthropologists in the above images are engaging in fieldwork known as: A. Observation B. Ethnography C. Ethnocentrism D. Adaptation.

6. Examine image (C), what type of research is being conducted by the anthropologist. A. Cultural B. Forensic C. Primatology D. Archeological

Use the timeline below to answer questions 7,8, and 9.

7. According to the timeline above, what Hominids lived alongside Homo sapiens (modern man)? A. A. afarensis B. A. robustus C. Homo habilis D. H. Neanderthalensis

8. According to timeline, when did chimpanzees make the evolutionary change into hominids? A. 3 million years B. 3.7 million years C. 4 million years D. 5 million years

9. lived between: A. 1.7 million to 50,000 years ago B. 2.5 million to 10,000 years ago C. 1 million to the present D. 500,000 to the present

Use the images below to answer questions 10.

10. The above cuneiform writing from ancient Mesopotamia would be studied by: A. Physical anthropologist B. Forensic anthropologist C. A psychologist D. A linguistic anthropologist

Read the passage below and answer questions 11, 12,and 13.

The neck of a giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) is a marvelous thing. Comprised of only seven vertebrae, no more than in your neck. The towering feat of natural engineering is at once stunning and ridiculous. How could such a structure have evolved? In every species there will be tons of variation. In a giraffe or it's short-necked ancestors, some of those variations will be to make the necks longer, some will make them shorter. The ones that make the neck shorter will become less common because they will decrease the 's chances of survival because they will limit it's food supply (because it can't reach higher leaves). The ones that make the neck longer will become more dominant because those members of the species with the "long-neck" genes will survive longer and reproduce more. And gradually over time the necks will become longer due to the pressure exerted by the environment (the killing off of shorter giraffes by starvation). Natural selection also effects the length of the legs, strength of the bones etc., the formation of a sponge- like tissue which prevents the blood from damaging the when it puts it's head down. Good variations stay, bad variations go.

11. What evolutionary phenomenon is described in the above passage? A. Evolution B. Ethnocentrism C. Natural selection D. Social Darwinism

12. According to the above passage, why would “long neck” giraffes have dominant genes? A. They survive longer and reproduce more B. Long necks make it easier to avoid predators C. They have shorter life spans D. They are larger and kill their “short neck” counterparts

13. “Short neck” giraffes died off because: A. They contracted disease more easily B. Their short necks limited their food supply C. Their short necks left them unable to breed D. None of the above

Examine the image below and answer question 14.

14. The above image illustrates the hominid evolution from: A. Non-verbal to verbal B. Hunters to farmers C. Carnivores to omnivores D. Quadrapedal to bipedal

Use the above info graphic and answer questions 15, 16, and 17.

“Researchers have produced new DNA evidence that almost certainly confirms the theory that all modern have a common ancestry. The genetic survey, produced by a collaborative team led by scholars at Cambridge and Anglia Ruskin Universities, shows that 's aboriginal population from the same tiny group of colonists, along with their New Guinean neighbors. The research confirms the “Out Of ” hypothesis that all modern humans stem from a single group of Homo sapiens who emigrated from Africa 2,000 generations ago and spread throughout Eurasia over thousands of years. These settlers replaced other early humans (such as ), rather than interbreeding with them. Academics analyzed the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Y-chromosome DNA of Aboriginal Australians and Melanesians from New Guinea. This data was compared with the various DNA patterns associated with early humans. The research was an international effort, with researchers from Tartu in Estonia, Oxford, and Stanford in California all contributing key data and expertise. The results showed that both the Aborigines and Melanesians share the genetic features that have been linked to the exodus of modern humans from Africa 50,000 years ago.”- Scientific Daily, May 2007

15. How did scientists confirm the authenticity of the “Out of Africa” hypothesis? A. The record B. DNA evidence C. The hypothesis has not been confirmed D. The genetic features of both Aborigines and Melanesians

16. The “Out of Africa” theory contends: A. Modern humans stem from a single group of homo sapiens in Africa 2,000 generations ago B. All modern humans stem from inter breeding with Homo erectus in C. Modern humans stem from the interbreeding of Neanderthals and Homo erectus. D. Modern humans evolved from Hominids independent in many regions around the globe.

17. Did modern humans interbreed with Neanderthals and other hominids or replace them? A. Modern humans interbred with Homo erectus in Eurasia B. Modern humans go existed and traded with homo erectus and Neanderthals C. Modern humans replaced Neanderthals and H. erectus D. Modern humans and Neanderthals did not live at the same time

Use the info graphic below to answer question 18.

Anthropologists working in southern France have discovered what they believe to be the oldest known wall art in a that collapsed 37,000 years ago. The inscribed and painted objects in the shelter are thought to be slightly older than the previous oldest art, found at Grotte Chauvet, also in southeastern France. Both are of the period, named after the Aurignac site in France where the first artifacts from the period were discovered. The Aurignacian period stretches from about 40,000 years ago to 28,000 years ago and is the source of the famous Venus figurines, such as the Venus of Willendorf, which are the first statuettes of humans, displaying exaggerated female characteristics. Unlike the paintings found at Grotte Chauvet, "which are deep underground and away from living areas, the engravings and paintings at Castanet are directly associated with everyday life, given their proximity to , fireplaces, bone and antler production and ornament workshops," said. The finding should provide new insights into the role of art and graphic representation in the lives of early modern humans. –LA Times, May 14,2013.

18. How do the paintings at Castanet differ from those found at Grotte Chauvet? A. The paintings at Castanet are directly associated with everyday life whereas the Grotte Chauvet paintings are deep underground B. The painting at Castanet do not depict hunting scenes like the Grotte Chauvet C. The Grotte Chauvet paintings are much older than those found at Castanet D. The Castanet paintings were found in and the Grotte Chauvet were found in France.

Open-ended

Directions: Read the question below and answer to the best of your abilities in 1 paragraph. Craft your responses using as much detail as possible.

19. In a multi-ethnic society, does ethnocentrism help or hinder social equality?

Essay

Directions: Read the questions below and answer each to the best of your ability in 3 paragraphs. Craft your responses using as much detail as possible.

20. How did the development of language differentiate Homo sapiens and other ?

Post Assessment Anthropology

Answer Key:

1) B- CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.3

2) A- CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.3

3) C- CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.3

4) D- CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.7

5) B- CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.7

6) A- CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.7

7) D- CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.2

8) D- CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.2

9) A- CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.2

10) D- CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.7

11) C- CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.9

12) A- CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.9 13) B- CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.9

14) D- CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.7

15) B- CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.8

16) A- CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.8

17) C- CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.8

18) A- CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.5

Open-ended: Refer to scoring rubric

19) CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST 11-12.1b

Look for:

• Students write a clear thesis statement • Meaning of ethnocentrism • Describe a multicultural society • Argument must contain evidence

20) CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST 11-12.1b

Look for:

• Differentiate between humans and other primates • Origins and development of language • Examples of non-human communication