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The Global History of Paleopathology

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The Global History of Paleopathology OUP UNCORRECTED PROOF – FIRST-PROOF, 01/31/12, NEWGEN TH E GLOBA L H ISTORY OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 000_JaneBuikstra_FM.indd0_JaneBuikstra_FM.indd i 11/31/2012/31/2012 44:03:58:03:58 PPMM OUP UNCORRECTED PROOF – FIRST-PROOF, 01/31/12, NEWGEN 000_JaneBuikstra_FM.indd0_JaneBuikstra_FM.indd iiii 11/31/2012/31/2012 44:03:59:03:59 PPMM OUP UNCORRECTED PROOF – FIRST-PROOF, 01/31/12, NEWGEN TH E GLOBA L H ISTORY OF PALEOPATHOLOGY Pioneers and Prospects EDITED BY JANE E. BUIKSTRA AND CHARLOTTE A. ROBERTS 3 000_JaneBuikstra_FM.indd0_JaneBuikstra_FM.indd iiiiii 11/31/2012/31/2012 44:03:59:03:59 PPMM OUP UNCORRECTED PROOF – FIRST-PROOF, 01/31/12, NEWGEN 1 Oxford University Press Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further Oxford University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With o! ces in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland " ailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright © #$%# by Oxford University Press, Inc. Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. %&' Madison Avenue, New York, New York %$$%( www.oup.com Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. CIP to come ISBN-%): ISBN $–%&- % ) * + & ' ( , # Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 000_JaneBuikstra_FM.indd0_JaneBuikstra_FM.indd iivv 11/31/2012/31/2012 44:03:59:03:59 PPMM OUP UNCORRECTED PROOF – FIRST-PROOF, 01/31/12, NEWGEN To J. Lawrence Angel and Calvin Wells, who inspired this volume. 000_JaneBuikstra_FM.indd0_JaneBuikstra_FM.indd v 11/31/2012/31/2012 44:03:59:03:59 PPMM OUP UNCORRECTED PROOF – FIRST-PROOF, 01/31/12, NEWGEN 000_JaneBuikstra_FM.indd0_JaneBuikstra_FM.indd vvii 11/31/2012/31/2012 44:03:59:03:59 PPMM OUP UNCORRECTED PROOF – FIRST-PROOF, 01/31/12, NEWGEN PREFACE " is volume took inspiration from an informal editors generated an international list of deceased discussion that we had while participating in a paleopathologists deserving biographic credit for symposium on repatriation sponsored by the their pioneering, seminal contributions to paleo- Museum of London in March 2007. Over lunch pathology. Some scholars had had a career-long in a local public house, Charlotte lamented that dedication to the - eld; others had made one or two a proper biography—richly deserved—of the key contributions while generally pursuing other late Calvin Wells and his seminal contributions professional interests and vocations. We therefore to paleopathology had not yet appeared. At that divided the list into full biographies and briefer stage she was thinking only of a single paper that “moments.” We initially discussed limiting the would be submitted to a prominent journal or volume to researchers who were no longer living edited volume. She would never have imagined in 2007, but then decided to include individuals something so extensive as this 76-chapter tome! who were retired or nearing retirement age. Our Meanwhile, Jane responded that she had col- logic was that nobody would be foolish enough lected considerable primary documentation of J. to attempt another such volume for some time, Lawrence (Larry) Angel’s distinguished life and and we wished key contributors to paleopathol- works in the National Anthropological Archives ogy such as Arthur Aufderheide, Don Brothwell, while preparing for a plenary lecture at the 2006 Domingo Campillo, Keith Manchester, Charles European Paleopathology meeting in Santorini, Merbs, Donald Ortner, and Eugen Strouhal to be Greece. We both agreed that these two biogra- recognized. Interviews frequently enriched these phies should be published. chapters, and we encouraged authors of biogra- As we began to expand our vision, we dis- phies for deceased paleopathologists to consult cussed our de- nition of paleopathology as well as with former students and descendants, while also who should be considered a paleopathologist. In a mining previously published obituaries and biog- strict sense paleopathology is, of course, the study raphies, along with archival materials. of ancient disease, and both of us situated paleopa- We deeply regret that three paleopatholo- thology within bioarchaeology, due to that - eld’s gists died during the production of this vol- contextual emphasis (Buikstra 1977; Buikstra and ume (2007–2010): Mahmoud El-Najjar, Shelley Beck 2006). In many other circumstances, how- Saunders, and Philip Walker. Each has received ever, paleopathology is considered a sub- eld of biographic treatment here. Walker was to author physical anthropology, itself a subdiscipline of the chapter on Charles Merbs (Chapter 8), a task anthropology, along with archaeology, sociocul- he was unable to - nish. Buikstra and McBride tural anthropology, and linguistic anthropology. completed the manuscript for this chapter, work- While many paleopathologists are anthropolo- ing with text and notes provided by Cynthia gists, others are found in clinical practice and in Brock, Phil’s partner. departments of anatomy, pathology, radiology, Readers will notice that we have not standard- and related biomedical - elds. Recognizing this ized the use of last vs. - rst names within our bio- breadth and long-term history, we began to muse graphical chapters; we have allowed our authors to about a larger project. make individual choices. Many biographies were Our concept quickly developed a life of its written by former students or close colleagues, own, leading to this edited volume. Initially the who chose to address their subjects in familiar 000_JaneBuikstra_FM.indd0_JaneBuikstra_FM.indd vviiii 11/31/2012/31/2012 44:03:59:03:59 PPMM OUP UNCORRECTED PROOF – FIRST-PROOF, 01/31/12, NEWGEN !""" ./01230 terms. Others were further removed from their that would ultimately comprise this volume. Ten subjects and therefore chose to refer to individu- excellent papers were presented in Copenhagen— als by their last names, occasionally embellished four biographies: Aufderheide, Moodie, Putschar, by professional titles. Some also felt that reporting Stewart; 4 regions: Australia, Israel, Japan, Sweden; personal details, such as the names of spouses and one organization: the Paleopathology Association; other family members, was intrusive. Others even and one method: imaging. let their subjects read their e4 orts! Upon perusing Meanwhile, the editors explored publishing his biography, Charles F. Merbs requested that he options. Following prospectus preparation and be referred to as “Chuck.” submission to four presses during the spring of As with all endeavors of this nature and mag- 2008, we were pleased to hear (April 12) from Peter nitude, choices had to be made. For individual Prescott, senior editor for Life Sciences of Oxford biographies, we included paleopathologists who University Press (OUP). " us began the conver- we felt had made lasting contributions, as mea- sations that ultimately led to a contract being sured by their impact on the - eld of paleopathol- o4 ered by OUP on September 31, 2008. During ogy through direct study of ancient disease in October 2008, having signed our contract, we human remains. We therefore decided, for exam- issued letters of instruction to authors, including ple, that historians of medicine were outside the standard advice concerning fonts, style, and espe- scope of this volume. As the - rst person to coin cially chapter lengths. Most contributors followed the term “paleopathology,” we have included much of our advice, though a few chapters arrived Robert Wilson Shufeldt (Chapter 29), though his well beyond word counts, one being three times career and especially his personal life was no role the recommended size; negotiations ensued. model for future generations. We realize that not all would agree with our ST RUC T U R E O F choices, although we have made every e4 ort to THE VOLUME be as inclusive and fair as possible. We hope that For the biographies, we have adopted a model those who identify what they believe to be omis- drawn from Women in the Biological Sciences: A sions will publish other histories and thus lend Biobibliographic Sourcebook (Grinstein, Bierman, further visibility to this vital - eld. and Rose 1997). We circulated an entry for Barbara A5 er selecting individuals for stand-alone McClintock (Buckner 1997), which illustrated the biographies and moments, we turned to other pro- separation of the biographical information from spective sections, which ultimately included: the her professional contributions. " is model had history of paleopathology in speci- c geographic served well in a previous set of biographies in regions with traditions in paleopathology; relevant which the senior editor had participated (Powell overarching topics such as nonhuman paleopa- et al. 2006), and it was therefore adopted here. thology, dental anthropology, and mummy stud- " e structure for the topical, organizations, ies; chapters on organizations, key congresses, and key congresses, education, and future trends education in paleopathology; and past and future (methods) is also relatively straightforward. " e trends (methods). Again, we tried to be inclusive authors
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