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Home , Federalist Era, Jay Treaty

The Early Republic (1788-1815) Also called “the Critical Period” by historians…WHY??

Chapter 7 and the backdrop for: Debate over the ratification of the Constitution (1787-1789) leads temporary factions to evolve into permanent political parties

Federalists Anti - • Nationalists • States Rightists • Urban • Rural/Agricultural interests • Business & Social Elite • Favor interests of “common man” • Pro British • Pro French • Mainly Northern • Mainly Southern & Western The interpretation of the Necessary & Proper clause (aka the “elastic” clause) of the Constitution at the center of the division between the early political parties who were lead by Alexander and

Hamiltonians (Federalists) Jeffersonians (Democratic-Republicans) Nationalists States Rights “Loose Constructionists” “Strict Construction” Chapter 7 - Topic #1: What was Hamilton’s vision for the new ? What policies did he implement to achieve it? How was Jefferson’s vision different?

Relevant Terms: 's Cabinet, Hamilton’s Financial Plans, National Credit, Assumption of State Debts, Bank of the United States, Taxes & Tariffs, Jefferson's Agrarian Vision Directions: Carefully read pp. 204-207. Discuss definitions of relevant terms with your group and how they help answer question above. Cabinet Battle #1 (Jefferson vs Hamilton's financial plan) If you were assigned Group 1, you should be able to explain the song to rest of your small group https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lNTssCJJTHY

Hamilton’s “Financial Plans” • Assumption of States Debts – Binds states financial interests • Funding of government notes (IOU’s) “at Par” – Investors like this, debtors do not • Establish Income – , land sales, tax • Regulate Currency & Banking – Bank of the United States – “BUS” Results of Hamilton’s Plans

• Further polarize & Democratic- Republicans and contributes to permanent new political parties • Improved U.S. credit abroad • BUS charter approved for 20 years • Modest tariff approved (not yet “protective”) • Capital moved south to “District of Columbia” • (1791) put down by federal force led by Washington…proves new government serious about enforcement Chapter 7 - Topic #2: How did the divide many Americans and impact politics in the new United States?

Relevant terms: Proclamation of Neutrality, Whisky Rebellion, Jay’s Treaty, XYZ Affair, Political Parties, Alien & Sedition Acts, Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions

Directions: Carefully read pp. 208-211. Discuss definitions of relevant terms with your group and how they help answer question above. Cabinet Battle #2 (Hamilton vs Jefferson on French Aid) If you were assigned Topic #2, you should explain the song to rest of your small group https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rRI37yamL4Q Chapter 7 - Topic #3: What significant actions did Thomas Jefferson take as president that demonstrated his “republican” beliefs? Why were many of these action controversial?

Relevant Terms: Barbary Pirates, Marbury v. Madison, Bank of the United States, , Strict Interpretations of the Constitution, Lewis & Clark

Directions: Carefully read pp. 217-221. Discuss definitions of relevant terms with your group and how they help answer question above. TJ after the Election of 1800 If you were assigned Topic #3, you should explain the song to rest of your small group The Election of 1800 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LnHVFAm0TTk • Hamilton ends up throwing support to Jefferson in Election of 1800 to stop “opportunist” (who later kills Hamilton in a duel)…Jefferson tries to unite the nation saying in his inauguration, “We are all Federalists, We are all Republicans”

• TJ follows inauguration pledge and keeps most Hamiltonian plans (bond payment, BUS & tariff) = economy improves & national debt is reduced.

• Controversy surrounding “Midnight Judges” - Marbury (selected by Adams) was not granted position by TJ’s Sect. of State Madison

• Federalist Chief Justice then strengthens the Supreme Court by declaring parts of the Judiciary Act unconstitutional on a technicality with famous Marbury v. Madison (1803) establishes power of -- Judicial Review

• Barbary Pirates Crisis (1801): Jefferson’s philosophy conflicts with pragmatic reality - TJ responds with “Mosquito Fleet” and later agrees to pay less “tribute” to pirates

• Louisiana Purchase (1803): Political philosophy & pragmatism clash For review, consider watching:

Where US Politics Came From: Crash Course US History #9 http://www.youtube.com/watch?ann otation_id=annotation_75422&feat ure=iv&src_vid=bO7FQsCcbD8&v =r161cLYzuDI

Thomas Jefferson & His Democracy: Crash Course US History #10 https://www.youtube.com/watc h?v=_3Ox6vGteek&list=PL8d PuuaLjXtMwmepBjTSG593e G7ObzO7s&index=10