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Home , Federalist Era, Hamilton (play), Jay Treaty, Report on Manufactures

Federalist Era 1789-1801

APUSH 2017 Domestic Policy (What do we do with all the crap going on at home?) Overview ▹ Pop. doubling every 25 years ▹ New states: KY, TN, OH, VT ▹ Finances in disarray ▸ Debt, low revenue, worthless paper money ▹ Failed original constitution President ▹ Unanimously drafted by electoral college 1789 ▹ Temporary capital: NYC Washington's Cabinet ▹ Precedent: advisors ▹ “Unwritten constitution” : Things not expressly stated that Washington does and now other presidents do. W Bill of Rights ▹ Antifederalists demanded it ▹ States ratified only if it was included

Judiciary Act 1789 Supreme Court ▹ Chief Justice ▹ 6 justices total ▹ Federal and District courts ▹ Office of Attorney General ’s Financial Ideas ▹ Report on Public Credit 1790 ▸ Favor wealthy ▸ Wealthy lend govt money ▸ Trickle down wealth ▹ 1791 ▸ Promote factories ▸ Tariffs raise money Hamilton’s Financial Plan Funding at Par Assume State Debts Tariffs ▹ Bolster US ▹ Obligate states ▹ Customs credit to Federal duties to pay ▹ Pay debts face govt debt value plus ▹ Debt = good ▹ 8% interest credit ▹ Bondholders ▹ States debate will get money (MA loves, back VA hates) ▹ Log rolling→ Deal with DC https://www.youtube.c om/watch?v=IWdBOs k8D7A Hamilton’s Financial Plan Taxes Bank of the ▹ Domestic tax ▹ Stable national ▹ Whiskey currency ▹ 7 cents/gallon ▹ Govt become a ▹ “Backcountry” angry stockholder in successful businesses

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mBmTdJ4XTfs Jefferson is a hater Strict Constructionist Loose Constructionist ▹ Constitution doesn’t ▹ Broad interpreters say it so it can’t be ▹ “Elastic clause” done ▸ “Necessary and ▹ Often state’s rights proper”

Jefferson and Madison Hamilton 1794 ▹ Whiskey boys ▸ Torch buildings, tar and feather ▸ Tax collections stop in fear ▹ Washington calls militia, chases them out of PA ▸ Significance: new govt is effective

“Pissed them off until we had a two ▹ Original plan: no political parties party system” ▸ Division and unrest ▸ Small factions are not parties ▸ Jefferson + Madison vs. Hamilton eventually drew supports and BAM political parties “Democratic Republicans” “” Southern, farmers, state’s Rights Northern, wealthy, Federal power

Federalists ▹ Govt of upper classes ▸ Rule by the “best” ▸ John Jay: “Those who own the country ought to rule it” ▹ Distrusted commoners ▸ Mobocracy ▹ Strong central govt ▹ Govt foster business ▹ Pro-British foreign relations Jeffersonians: Democratic Republicans ▹ Government for the people “Republicans” ▹ Middle class, poor classes ▹ Small federal government, big state governments ▸ 10th amendments ▹ Agrarian ▹ Pro-french Foreign Policy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B0HZUatZtXI

▹ Separating Feds and Repubs. ▹ Upheaval in France, what side will America choose? Washington’s Neutrality Proclamation ▹ What about Franco American alliance? 1793 ▹ Wash. wanting to avoid war ▹ Declared neutral ▹ Jeffersonians enraged Jay’s Treaty 1794 Background Info ▹ British menace ▸ Troops in US ▸ Violate peace treaties ▸ Guns and alcohol to natives ▸ Navy impressment Opinions ▸ Federalists avoid war b/c of lucrative trade with British ▸ Republicans support embargo, economic pressure Solution ▹ Send John Jay ▹ Republicans thought he would sell out, Hamilton cheated to avoid war Provisions of the Treaty ▹ Bye British troops ▹ Pay damages for seized ships ▹ US will pay pre-Revolutionary debts ▹ Brits DO NOT agree to stop with Natives or impress sailors “

War with Britain averted…….for now……. Pickney’s Treaty ▹ Yay relations w/ Spain Treaty Provisions Spain gets: US gets:

Mississippi River access North Florida Trading rights at New Orleans Native American “Foreign” ▹ Iroquois not a threat anymore Relations ▹ After a few skirmishes…. ▸ 1795→ cleared ⅔ of for Americans ▹ American expansion still threatening Natives (it will blow up soon) “Can we get back to politics?” Please Washington’s Farewell https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YRHOcskOudg Address ▹ Less well liked, tired ▹ Set 2 term precedent ▹ Farewell address: ▸ Domestic warnings ▸ Isolationism ▸ Partisan fighting

Election of 1796 ▹ Federalists→ (Hamilton nto liked) ▹ Republicans→ Jefferson

Adams wins, Jefferson VP War with France France is angry ▹ American break of Franco American Alliance ▹ Warships start terrorizing US ships

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uw0Kc A59_8s XYZ Affair ▹ Secret delegation “x” “y” and “z” met US ambassadors to negotiate ▹ French demand $$$ for them to even see the foreign minister Talleyrand ▹ Negotiations, thus, did not happen Quasi War 1798 ▹ Undeclared naval war ▹ Navy department created, expanded ▹ Marine Corps created ▹ Suspend trade with france ▹ West Indies naval battles and kidnapping Adams does some good things….. ▹ Talleyrand suddenly wants to talk (once US is hitting them hard with trade embargo and stealing their ships) ▹ Negotiations with ▸ End Franco American alliance ▸ US pays damages ▹ War averted…..

Adams goes back to stinking Purpose: oppressive laws to reduce power of Jeffersonians and silence anti-war people Alien Act Sedition Act ▹ Immigrant restrictions ▹ “Impeding policies” ▸ Most immigrants or “falsely defaming” are Jeffersonians govt = prison and fine ▹ Raised resident ▹ Threatens 1st requirement 5→ 14 years amendment rights ▹ President has deportation powers ▹ Law expires 1801 (when Adams leaves) (not really enforced, just for ▹ show) Virginia and Resolutions ▹ But actually the Jefferson And Madison Resolutions ▹ Claimed states can nullify federal laws if they are deemed unconstitutional (no judicial review yet) ▹ Used as “Campaign documents” for anti-federalists...but no other states passed them Revolution of 1800 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AUOfpI PztKM Federalists Weakened ▹ Split over war with France ▹ Adams stunk ▹ Many side with Hamilton, breaking party down ▹ Alien and Sedition Acts unpopular ▹ Debt and military expansion Jefferson narrowly wins ▹ Tied with Burr ▹ Goes to HOR ▹ Hamilton sways a few in favor of Jefferson

Significance: Peaceful change of political power. No bloodshed...except Hamilton Legacy Federalist Legacy ▹ Brains and talent ▹ Political and financial stability ▹ Neutrality, avoiding war well ▹ Two-party system

▹ Met its demise with westward expansion and elitism