The Federal Era

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catalogue three hundred thirty-seven The Federal Era

William Reese Company 409 Temple Street New Haven, CT 06511

(203) 789-8081 A Note This catalogue is devoted to the two decades from the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1783 to the first Jefferson administration and the Louisiana Purchase, usually known to scholars as the Federal era. It saw the evolution of the United States from the uncertainties of the Confederation to the establishment of the Constitution and first federal government in 1787-89, through Washington’s two administrations and that of John Adams, and finally the Jeffersonian revolution of 1800 and the dramatic expansion of the United States. Notable items include a first edition of The Federalist; a collection of the treaties ending the Revolutionary conflict (1783); the first edition of the first American navigational guide, by Furlong (1796); the Virginia Resolutions of 1799; various important cartographical works by Norman and Mount & Page; a first edition of Benjamin’s Country Builder’s Assistant (1797); a set of Carey’s American Museum; and much more.

Our catalogue 338 will be devoted to Western Americana. Available on request or via our website are our recent catalogues 331 Archives & Manuscripts, 332 French Americana, 333 Americana–Beginnings, 334 Recent Acquisitions in Americana, and 336 What I Like About the South; bulletins 41 Original Works of American Art, 42 Native Americans, 43 Cartography, and 44 Photography; e-lists (only available on our website) and many more topical lists. q

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On the cover: 70. [Hamilton, Alexander]: Alexander Hamilton.... New York. 1804. The Copy of the Wayward Son: Charles Adams’ Copy of His Father’s Famous Work

1. Adams, John: A DEFENCE OF THE CONSTITUTIONS OF GOV- ERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. London. 1787-1788. Volumes two and three only (of three). [4],451; [2],528,[36]pp. Contemporary calf, gilt morocco labels. All boards present, but front board detached from second volume and rear board detached from third volume. Lightly age-toned. Good. Lacks the first volume. In a half morocco and cloth clamshell case, spine gilt.

This set bears the ownership signature of Charles Adams (1770-1800), second son of President John Adams, the author of this work. The second volume bears a presentation inscription from Charles Adams on the front pastedown. There is also an inscription on a front fly leaf of the third volume reading “Uranian Society from Charles Adams,” likely in the hand of another person. Although we cannot be certain, it is quite possible that President Adams himself gave these volumes to his son, Charles. At the age of nine Charles Adams travelled with his father and his older brother, John Quincy, to Europe, returning to America two years later. He graduated from Harvard in 1789 and moved to New York, where his father had assumed the position of George Washington’s vice president. Charles lived with his parents for a time when he initially moved to New York, studied law for three years (for a brief period in the office of Alexander Hamilton), established a practice in New York in 1792, and married in 1795. Ultimately, Charles was a disappointment to his father, living a dissolute life and dying of complications of alcoholism at the age of thirty. The Uranian Society, to which these volumes were at some point given by Charles Adams, was a debating society under the auspices of Columbia Col- lege, and existed in New York from circa 1788 to circa 1794. Records show that Charles Adams was a member, and he likely donated these volumes to the Society in an effort to develop their collection of useful books. Both volumes also have the ownership signature of William Stuart, also a member of the Uranian Society, who likely acquired them when the Society disbanded. This set lacks the first volume, and it is unlikely that we will ever know for certain whether John Adams personally presented these volumes to his young son, Charles. It is known that John Adams provided financial support to his sons, John Quincy, Charles, and Thomas, especially when they were struggling early in their professional lives. Further, biographer Joseph Ellis notes that John Adams “sold his own horses in order to purchase the most up-to-date law books for Charles.” When the transfer of the seat of government caused John Adams to move to Philadelphia, he carried on a lengthy correspondence with Charles, asking his opinion on legal issues and recommending readings to further and broaden his education. It is not a wild conjecture to suppose that, having likely given Charles a copy of the book when it was initially published in a one-volume edition in London in 1787, John Adams supplied his son with these two volumes when they were published. The second and third volumes of the complete first edition of one of the most important and widely read of the many writings of the important Revolutionary figure and second president. These second and third volumes, issued later, contain descriptions of the Italian republics of the Middle Ages as well as a lengthy analysis of “the Right Constitution of a Commonwealth.” At the time Adams wrote this work he was serving as the first United States Ambassador in England, an uncomfortable position for a recent rebel, but he was ever ready to argue the American point of view. The book was popular and went through numerous editions. Its issuance as the Federal Constitutional Convention was assembling added to its popularity and resulted in several American reprintings; according to the DAB, “its timeliness gave it vogue.” Later, Adams’ detractors sought to find in it a hidden desire for a monarchy. HOWES A60, “aa.” SABIN 233. DAB I, p.76. $7500.

One of the Most Influential Constitutional Works

2. Adams, John: DÉFENSE DES CONSTITUTIONS AMÉRICAINES, OU DE LA NÉCESSITÉ D’UNE BALANCE DANS LES POU- VOIRS D’UN GOUVERNEMENT LIBRE. Paris. 1792. Two volumes. [4],xxiv,547; [2],503pp. Half title in each volume. Bound in original wrappers of yellow printer’s wastepaper, with other wastepaper used as the inner wrapper; original printed paper labels. Wrappers lightly stained. An occasional fox mark, else internally pristine. A fine set, in original, completely unsophisticated condition, untrimmed and unopened.

The first French edition, following London and Philadelphia editions of 1787, of one of the most important and widely read of the many writings of John Adams. This French edition was issued at a crucial moment in that country’s history, as the Revolution was moving in a more radical direction. In 1792 the revolutionaries in the French Assembly stripped King Louis XVI of his power and declared him a prisoner of the nation. They called together the “Convention,” initially created to draft a new constitution to replace that of 1791, but eventually becoming a provisional revolutionary government. This work by Adams, explaining and defending the principles of the American Constitution, would have been a timely and popular book indeed. At the time Adams wrote this work he was serving as the first United States ambassador in England, an uncomfortable position for a recent rebel, but he was ever ready to argue the American point of view. Here he forcibly states the principles on which he perceived the United States to be founded. The book was popular and went through numerous editions in the United States and London. Its issuance as the Federal Constitutional Convention was assembling added to its popularity and resulted in several American reprintings, and according to the DAB, “its timeliness gave it vogue.” Later, Adams’ detractors sought to find in it a hidden desire for a monarchy. A detailed exposition of Adams’ political principles. An absolutely beautiful set, in original, untouched condition. HOWES A60. SABIN 237. DAB I, p.76. $2500.

John Adams Explains the Principles of American Government

3. Adams, John: A DEFENCE OF THE CONSTITUTIONS OF GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, AGAINST THE ATTACK ON M. TURGOT IN HIS LETTER TO DR. PRICE.... London: John Stockdale, 1794. Three volumes. 8,xxxii,3-392; [2],451,[1]; [2],528,[36]pp. Portrait in first volume. Contemporary gilt tree calf, rebacked, leather labels. Bookplate on front pastedown of each volume. Minor scattered foxing, but generally quite clean and fresh internally. Very good.

The definitive final edition, after its first appearance in London in 1787. One of the most important and widely read of the many writings of the important Revo- lutionary figure and second president of the United States. The second and third volumes, originally issued later than the first, contain descriptions of the Italian republics of the Middle Ages as well as a lengthy analysis of “the Right Constitution of a Commonwealth.” At the time Adams wrote this work he was serving as the first United States ambassador in England, an uncomfortable position for a recent rebel, but he was ever ready to argue the American point of view. Here he forcibly states the principles on which he perceived the United States to be founded. The book was popular and went through numerous editions. Its issuance as the Federal Constitutional Convention was assembling added to its popularity and resulted in several American reprintings, and according to the DAB, “its timeliness gave it vogue.” Later Adams’ detractors sought to find in it a hidden desire for a monarchy. This edition is sometimes known under its half title, “History of the Principal Republics in the World.” HOWES A60, “aa.” SABIN 233. DAB I, p.76. $6000.

4. Adgate, Andrew: PHILADELPHIA HARMONY, OR, A COLLEC- TION OF PSALM TUNES, HYMNS, AND ANTHEMS. Philadel- phia: Mathew Carey, 1799. [2],76,79-102pp. Oblong octavo. Contemporary marbled boards, rebacked in calf. Boards worn but sturdy. Light dampstaining and soiling throughout, heavier in a few spots. Second titlepage (pp.77-78) tipped in at front of text. Just about very good.

Sixth edition of this important and popular music book. “In 1788 Andrew Adgate, identifying himself as ‘P.U.A.’ – President of the Uranian Academy – brought out a manual which he called Rudiments of Music. Thus begins the complicated history of the most frequently reprinted tunebook to appear outside New England during the years before 1810” – Britton & Lowens. The Philadelphia Harmony tune book was added to Rudiments of Music in 1789, although both were paginated and sold separately, as well as together. Mathew Carey took over publication in 1796 and paged the work continuously, but bibliographic hazards still persist because, although they began to re-engrave the plates in 1796, they didn’t finish until 1803. Thus Evans and NAIP indicate that this item is complete, while Britton & Lowens note that it should have a further four leaves of music. It is likely that this is an early state of the work, before the engraving was entirely finished. EVANS 35083. AMERICAN SACRED MUSIC IMPRINTS 10. $1250.

One of the Alien and Sedition Acts, Increasing the Residency Requirement to Become a Citizen

5. [Alien and Sedition Acts]: AN ACT SUPPLEMENTARY TO, AND TO AMEND THE ACT, INTITULED, “AN ACT TO ESTABLISH AN UNIFORM RULE OF NATURALIZATION; AND TO RE- PEAL THE ACT HERETOFORE PASSED ON THAT SUBJECT.” [caption title]. [Philadelphia. 1798]. [2]pp. on a folio sheet. Docketed on the verso. Very good.

Rare printing of a law that was part of the highly controversial “Alien and Sedi- tion Acts” passed during the administration of John Adams. The first American naturalization act was passed in 1790 and held that a free white person could be a candidate for citizenship provided they had lived within the United States for two years, being a resident of one state for at least one year. In 1795, Congress passed a law increasing the residency requirement from two to five years. The present law, passed during heightened tensions with France during the so-called “Quasi-War,” increases the residency period from five to fourteen years, and requires all aliens to register with the federal government. The law also proscribes citizenship for any native of a nation or state with which the United States is at war. This law was not repealed until 1802, during Jefferson’s first term as president, when the residency requirement reverted back to five years. ESTC locates only two copies of this contentious law, at the American Antiquarian Society and the University of Virginia; OCLC adds a copy at Central Connecticut State University, and Evans at the John Carter Brown Library. EVANS 34700. ESTC W14669. OCLC 11420339. $2500.

A Critical Moment in American Constitutional History: The Virginia Resolutions of 1800 Protesting the Alien and Sedition Acts and the Expansion of the Armed Forces

6. [Alien and Sedition Acts]: [Quasi-War with France]: [Virginia Resolu- tions of 1800]: INSTRUCTIONS FROM THE GENERAL ASSEM- BLY OF VIRGINIA TO STEPHEN THOMPSON MASON AND WILSON CARY NICHOLAS, SENATORS FROM THE STATE OF VIRGINIA IN THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES [caption title]. [Richmond: Augustine Davis, 1800]. Broadsheet, 19 x 11½ inches, printed in two columns on both sides. Old fold lines, with small separation at the center cross-fold. Light dampstaining at bottom edge, else very good. In a half morocco slipcase.

A rare printing of the Virginia Assembly’s instructions to the state’s U.S. Senators, explaining their reasons for opposing the Adams administration’s expansion of the American army and navy, the Alien and Sedition Acts, and the suspension of trade with France. This broadsheet includes the text of the Virginia Resolutions of 1800, authored by James Madison, which explicitly called on the Congress to repeal the Alien and Sedition Acts, and to curtail the increased size of the military. The so-called “Quasi War” with France was a major crisis for the Adams administration, and it had far-reaching policy ramifications. In order to defend against enemies both foreign and domestic, Adams called for an increase in the size of the navy, tightened naval laws against France, abrogated treaties with the French and suspended trade with France, called 80,000 militia to active duty, and appointed George Washington commander-in-chief of a revitalized army (with Alexander Hamilton as second-in-command). Most controversially, Adams enacted (with Congressional approval) the “Alien and Sedition Acts,” which sought to suppress dissent against the President’s policies and facilitated the deportation of foreigners whose presence was “dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States.” The most powerful protests against these measures came in the form of the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions of 1798 authored by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, respectively. These resolutions asserted the principle of “States’ Rights” over federal law, arguing for a narrow interpretation of the powers of the federal government and the right of states to supersede federal authority on Constitutional grounds. Despite their strongly worded opposition, neither the Kentucky nor the Virginia legislatures sought to nullify or obstruct the disputed laws. There was a harsh backlash against the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, with several other states expressing their disapproval. In response, James Madison, then a member of the Virginia Assembly, composed the “Report of 1800.” In it Madison backed down slightly from his earlier position (which he claimed had been misunderstood), asserting the right of a state to declare a federal action unconstitutional, but stating this would be an expression of opinion not legally binding, simply a way of mo- bilizing public sentiment. The power to declare an act unconstitutional, Madison now said, resided with the courts. Nonetheless, he further argued that the ultimate power to decide constitutionality resided with the states, that they could override Congressional acts as well as those of the Supreme Court. The Report of 1800 included four resolutions, the full text of which are included in this broadsheet printing of instructions to senators Mason and Nicholas. The resolutions call for a reduction in the size of the army and navy, and the repeal of the Alien and Sedition Acts. Another of them opposes the proposition that the English Common Law should be seen as a basis for American constitutional law. The broadsheet also records the procedural votes in the Virginia Assembly on each of the four resolutions, noting the names of those who voted for or against each one. The rest of the broadsheet consists of passionate but reasoned arguments against several of the Adams administration’s policies. In protesting the expansion of the army and navy, the Virginia Assembly notes that if the United States were to increase its military force in every case of European conflict, “a perpetual standing army would be the certain consequence of the recommendation.” It goes on to make a long and cogent argument against the need for a military build-up, quot- ing several of George Washington’s messages as President. The instructions also vigorously oppose the restriction of trade with France as injurious to the Virginia economy, especially with regard to the effect on the tobacco trade. The result of the sanctions, they argue, has been a deep decrease in the price of tobacco, and the monopolization of its trade by the British:

France and the markets supplied, or that could be supplied, through her, consume a very great proportion, of all the tobacco made in the U. States. Great Britain is supposed to consume not more than 10 or 11 thousand hogsheads. The consequence of passing this prohibitory act putting off one part of the continental market in Europe whilst the English fleet under the pretext of blockade, had cut off another, has been to throw almost the whole, of this great, and valuable staple, into the ports of Great-Britain; from which as a belligerent country, re-exportation to other markets, must be made with great difficulty, risk and charges whilst the monopoly thus thrown into a single market, has had the natural effect, of reducing the price of the article far below the usual standard....

Evans confusingly lists this broadsheet twice, once among his entries for 1798 (item 34939) and again for 1800 (item 38953). Since the text includes the four Resolutions of 1800 and notes the date of their passage ( Jan. 11 of that year), 1800 is where it properly belongs. Evans ascribes the printing of this broadside to Au- gustine Davis, the official printer for the Virginia Assembly, and he locates copies at the American Antiquarian Society and the Boston Public Library. While AAS describes theirs in their current online catalogue, Boston Public Library does not, nor does OCLC or ESTC list the Boston Public Library copy. OCLC records the American Antiquarian Society copy and locates only one other, at the University of Virginia, as does ESTC. A rare and important statement from the Virginia Assembly against the Alien and Sedition Acts, against the expansion of the army and navy, and protesting the deleterious effects of government sanctions against France on the Virginia economy. EVANS 38953. SWEM 8007. OCLC 24366814, 83615018. ESTC W13126. $15,000.

The First Comprehensive American Materia Medica

7. [American Academy of Arts and Sciences]: MEMOIRS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES: TO THE END OF THE YEAR MDCCLXXXIII. VOLUME I. Boston. 1785. xxxii,20,568pp. plus six folding plates. Quarto. Antique-style paper boards. Some light tanning and offsetting, but a very good copy.

The first volume of the Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. A trove of early American technical literature, including several pioneering articles on lightning and electricity by Joseph Willard, Arthur Lee, James Bowdoin, Manasseh Cutler, and others. Also includes Prof. Williams on earthquakes in New England; Benjamin Lincoln on the shells and geology of the banks of the York River in Virginia; Jeremy Belknap on the soil of New Hampshire; Joseph Greenleaf on raising Indian corn; a pioneering ninety-seven-page article by Manasseh Cutler on American botany; John Prince on Mr. Smeaton’s air pump; Benjamin Dearborn on a pump-engine; Benjamin Lincoln on fruit trees; Daniel Little on making steel; and many others on medical, astronomical, and other technical subjects. The lengthy botanical article by Cutler includes descriptions of dozens of American plants and is the first comprehensive American materia medica. The plates depict astronomical subjects, experiments with lightning, Dearborn’s pump engine, and other air pumps and mechanisms. EVANS 18900. RINK 8. $1750.

8. [American Newspaper]: [American Finance]: THE BOSTON GA- ZETTE AND THE COUNTRY JOURNAL. No. 1636. Boston: Ben- jamin Edes and sons, Nov. 14, 1785. 4pp. Folio. Neatly silked on both sides of sheet. A few minor losses at old folds. Light soiling along top quarter of issue, else quite clean. Very good. The Boston Gazette, published weekly, was established in 1719 as a competitor to the Boston News-Letter and ran for nearly a century (1719-1798). From April 1756 to December 1793, it was published with the additional “and Country Journal.” During the American Revolution, the Gazette was a leading publisher of material protesting British taxes and anti-British sentiment. Contributors included such notable personages as Samuel Adams, Phyllis Wheatley, and Paul Revere. This issue most notably contains a “Dialogue between a Countryman and a Bostonian” on the state of the economy in the newly-formed country. The Countryman, who espouses wisdom in the face of the Bostonian’s cynicism, believes the federal debt can be easily paid down with a little economy at home, and by the purchase of American- made goods. He also notes the need for Congress to address the redemption of Continental currency, so depreciated in value. $1000.

Celebrating the Official End of the American Revolution, with a Design by Charles Willson Peale 8a. [American Revolution]: IN ASSEMBLY, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 2d, 1783, A.M. THE REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE, READ NOVEMBER 29th, RELATIVE TO THE PREPARATIONS TO BE MADE FOR PUBLIC DEMONSTRATIONS OF JOY...[caption title and first line of text]. [Philadelphia: Thomas Bradford, 1783]. Broadside, 10¼ x 7¾ inches. Old fold lines. A bit of foxing. One contemporary ink emendation. Very good. In a half morocco box. A rare and quite wonderful broadside printing the instructions and specifications for the construction of a triumphal arch in Philadelphia to celebrate the Treaty of Paris, ending the Revolutionary War. It also spells out plans for the celebration to be held upon completion of the arch, including a parade and fireworks. This declaration was passed by the Pennsylvania Assembly just as the British were evacuating New York City, and a little more than a week before George Washington resigned as commander of the Continental Army. The arch was designed by artist Charles Willson Peale, and its specifications are outlined in this broadside. The arch was fifty feet wide and nearly forty feet high, with columns in the Ionic order decorated with spiral festoons of flowers in their natural colors. The arch would be decorated with illustrations and inscriptions celebrating liberty, the Continental Army, the alliance with France, the natural bounty of the United States, the virtues of learning and science, etc. The whole structure was to be illuminated with twelve hundred lamps, and a fireworks display would take place on the celebration day, made all the more beautiful by having the lights of Philadelphia darkened for the occasion. A sum of £600 was allotted for the construction of the arch. The ratification of the Treaty of Paris was proclaimed on Jan. 22, 1784, but a careless citizen fired his gun too close to Peale’s arch, which soon caught fire and was consumed by flame moments before it was to be illuminated in celebration. NAIP locates only four copies, at the Library of Congress, American Philosophical Society, Pennsylvania Historical Society, and Massachusetts Historical Society. Rare. EVANS 18092. NAIP w023371. HILDEBURN 4306. A Rising People, p.193. $16,500. 9. Barnes, Joseph: REMARKS ON MR. JOHN FITCH’S REPLY TO MR. JAMES RUMSEY’S PAMPHLET. Philadelphia: Joseph James, 1788. xvi,16pp. 19th-century three-quarter morocco and marbled boards. Moderate wear at spine and corners. Bit age-toned, some light foxing. Still very good. In a half morocco box.

From the collection of Haskell F. Norman, with his bookplate. An important work relating to the invention of steamboats, a technological breakthrough of profound implications. Barnes issued this pamphlet in response to James Rumsey’s A Short Treatise on the Application of Steam (1788). He supports Rumsey’s claim of priority in the invention of steam-powered water transport. Fitch had claimed his steamboat inventions had priority, and he apparently did publicize his inventions before Rumsey. This book is of extreme rarity, as is the pamphlet to which it responds. EVANS 20954. NORMAN 123. RINK 3576. HOWES B155. STREETER SALE 3959. $6000.

10. Barton, Benjamin Smith: A MEMOIR CONCERNING THE FAS- CINATING FACULTY WHICH HAS BEEN ASCRIBED TO THE RATTLE-SNAKE, AND OTHER AMERICAN SERPENTS. Phila- delphia: Printed, for the Author, by Henry Sweitzer, 1796. 70pp. Original marbled wrappers. Unobtrusive perforated stamp on front wrapper. Contemporary ink gift inscription on titlepage. Very good. In a half morocco clamshell case.

The first herpetological work printed in America, printed for private distribution only, and extremely rare. This copy bears the gift inscription of one Isaac Hays, M.D. to the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia. Hays was a prominent Philadelphia ophthalmologist and a co-editor of the American Journal of Medical Sciences. Evans mistakenly calls for six plates, an error corrected by Shipton & Mooney. SABIN 3816. EVANS 30037. $6500.

Landmark Work of American Ethnology

11. Barton, Benjamin Smith: NEW VIEWS OF THE ORIGIN OF THE TRIBES AND NATIONS OF AMERICA. Philadelphia: Printed, for the author, by John Bioren, 1797. xii,cix,83pp. Original drab boards, paper spine. Light wear and soiling. Internally clean. Very good plus. Untrimmed and unopened.

A study of the languages of the Indians of North America, by a young professor of medicine, natural history, and botany at the University of Pennsylvania. The text consists of a long prefatory essay followed by an analysis of fifty-four specific words, such as God, boy, tooth, cold, sun, water, etc. For each the corresponding word is given in a variety of dialects, such as Shawnee, Miami, Kickapoo, Mohawk, Oneida, etc., along with equivalents from languages in Mexico; a few examples are given as well from languages in Asia, which Barton believed to be related in some way. With an eloquent five-page dedication to Thomas Jefferson as vice president, with whose attitude toward the Indians the author had much sympathy: “I regret with you, Sir, the evanishment of so many of the tribes and nations of America. I regret, with you, the want of a zeal among our countrymen for collecting materials concerning the history of these people.” A fine copy in original condition of a title which has for some time been very scarce on the market. SABIN 3819. HOWES B211 (“pioneer investigation into American philology by an American”). EVANS 31777. $8500.

An Important Rarity of American Natural History

12. Barton, Benjamin Smith: FRAGMENTS OF THE NATURAL HIS- TORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. Philadelphia: Printed for the Author, by Way & Groff, 1799. xviii,24pp. Folio. Modern three-quarter morocco and marbled boards, spine gilt, early plain rear wrapper bound in. Bit tanned, a few small chips along edges of titlepage, titlepage neatly repaired on verso in top of gutter. Some light scattered foxing. Overall very good.

An important early American natural history monograph, mostly on migratory birds, by the prominent Philadelphia doctor and naturalist. Barton’s writings reflect the wide scope of his interests beyond the medical field to such topics as Indian languages, botany, birds, rattlesnakes, and a variety of other natural history subjects. “This work deals predominantly with the migratory birds, arranged according to the dates throughout the year 1791 on which they were first seen in the neighbor- hood of Philadelphia...Barton also notices and describes the concurrent state of the vegetation” – MacPhail. Although noted as “Part First” on the titlepage, this is all that was published. Printed in a handsome large folio format. EVANS 35159. PRITZEL 436. MEISEL III:361. MacPHAIL, BENJAMIN SMITH BARTON AND WILLIAM PAUL CRILLON BARTON 2. $3500.

13. Bartram, William: TRAVELS THROUGH NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA, GEORGIA, EAST & WEST FLORIDA, THE CHER- OKEE COUNTRY, THE EXTENSIVE TERRITORIES OF THE MUSCOGULGES, OR CREEK CONFEDERACY, AND COUN- TRY OF THE CHOCTAWS.... London: Re-printed for J. Johnson, 1792. xxiv,520,[12]pp. Engraved frontispiece portrait of Mico Chlucco, engraved folding map, seven engraved natural history plates (one folding). Expertly bound to style in period tree calf, spine gilt, red morocco label. Very good.

First British edition of one of the classic accounts of southern natural history and exploration, with much on the southern Indian tribes. For the period, Bartram’s work is unrivalled. “...[He] wrote with all the enthusiasm and interest with which the fervent old Spanish friars and missionaries narrated the wonders of the new found world...he neglected nothing which would add to the common stock of human knowledge” – Field. “Unequalled for the vivid picturesqueness of its descriptions of nature, scenery, and productions” – Sabin. The map illustrates the east coast of Florida from the St. Johns River to Cape Canaveral. This edition is preceded only by the Philadelphia edition of 1791. HOWES B223, “b.” SABIN 3870. CLARK I:197. VAIL 849. FIELD 94. SERVIES 678. Coats, The Plant Hunters, pp.273-76. $5400.

In the Original Boards

14. Belknap, Jeremy: THE HISTORY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. Philadel- phia. 1784. Boston. 1791-1792. Three volumes. viii,361,[lxxxiv]; 494; 480,[8] pp., plus folding map bound in as frontispiece in second volume. Contem- porary gray and beige paper boards over birch bark, printed paper labels. Some loss to paper on spines, costing most of third volume spine label. Front boards loosening on first and second volumes. Second and third volumes with occasional light staining and foxing. A remarkable survival, in original unsophisticated condition, untrimmed. In a cloth clamshell case, leather label.

The first extensive history of New Hampshire, and “one of the most important eighteenth-century American histories,” according to Streeter. The first two volumes trace the history of New Hampshire, while the third discusses the geography, natural history, society, laws, government, etc. The author was a determined antiquarian and founder of the first American historical association, the Massachusetts Historical Society. The publication of this work in different cities over an eight-year period has made complete sets difficult to obtain. Tocqueville praised Belknap’s history, saying, “The reader of Belknap will find more general ideas and more strength of thought, than are to be met with in other American historians, even to the present day” (quoted in Larned). In the third volume of this set the publication date appears to read “1793” in Roman numerals, but this is a typographic error. Howes claims a second edition of the third volume appeared in 1793, but this is not noted by Evans, ESTC, or BAL. EVANS 18344, 23166, 24088. STREETER SALE 715 (vol. 1 only). SABIN 18344. HOWES B323, “aa.” LARNED 3128. BAL 922, 928, 930. WHEAT & BRUN 183. $3500.

First Original American Book of Architecture: A Legendary Rarity

15. Benjamin, Asher: THE COUNTRY BUILDER’S ASSISTANT: CON- TAINING A COLLECTION OF NEW DESIGNS OF CARPEN- TRY AND ARCHITECTURE. Greenfield, Ma.: Thomas Dickman, 1797. [32]pp. plus thirty engraved plates (two folding). Contemporary calf, spine gilt. Old repair at head of spine. Very good. In a red morocco and cloth slipcase.

The exceedingly rare and virtually unprocurable Greenfield first edition of the earliest architectural book written by an American and printed in the United States. Earlier architectural works printed in the United States were simply compilations or reprintings of British material (e.g. John Norman’s Town and Country Builder’s Assistant of 1786). Benjamin’s work is a classic and important American architectural treatise, by the man who was most responsible for disseminating late colonial details throughout New England, beautifully illustrated with engravings of colonial buildings, elevations of churches and homes, ornaments, cornices, etc., reflecting the influences of the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders. “...There is scarcely a village which in moulding profiles, cornice details, church spire, or farm-house does not reflect his influence” – DAB. Benjamin follows the earlier British handbook form, consisting of thirty plates with brief explanations for each. The content is based largely on British sources, primarily Pain and Chambers for the orders, and Nicholson for construction details, but the complete designs are Benjamin’s own. Benjamin was a prolific architectural writer who later published The American Builder’s Companion (1806), The Rudiments of Architecture (1814), and the very popular Practical House Carpenter (1830). “The career of our first American architectural writer, Asher Benjamin (1773-1845), covered several decades of the early nineteenth century. Both the books he wrote and the buildings he designed had an influence on building in New England that is still visible. He probably will be best remembered for his popularization of the federal style through his early books (and the Greek revival in his later ones)” – Thompson. As with the present copy, most copies of Benjamin’s book were heavily used, accounting for its present rarity. As a testament to its importance in the development of American architecture, the text appears in several relevant exhibition catalogues including “The Sources of Classicism” (University of Texas, 1978 [later edition]); “Printed Books on Ar- chitecture” (University of Illinois, 1960 [later edition]); “The Builder’s Guide” (Colby College, 1969 [later edition]); “The Colonial Scene” ( John Carter Brown Library, 1950); “A Society’s Chief Joys” (American Antiquarian Society, 1969); and “Wellsprings of a Nation” (American Antiquarian Society, 1977). A great rarity, a landmark work, and a cornerstone of any collection on Ameri- can arts. DAB II, pp.179-80. RINK 2482. EVANS 31797. HITCHCOCK 111. ROMAINE 245:21. Neville Thompson, “Tools of Persuasion: The American Architectural Book of the Nineteenth Century” in The American Illustrated Book in the Nineteenth Century (1987), p.142. Abbot Lowell Cummings, An Investigation of the Sources, Stylistic Evolution, and Influence of Asher Benjamin’s Builders’ Guides (Ohio State University, unpublished doctoral dissertation, 1950). $37,500. The Business of the First Congress

16. Benson, Egbert: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED (“EGBT BEN- SON”), FROM EGBERT BENSON AS U.S. CONGRESSMAN FROM NEW YORK, TO AN UNNAMED RECIPIENT (PROBA- BLY SAMUEL JONES)]. Philadelphia. Nov. [i.e. Dec.] 14, 1790. [2]pp. on recto and verso of a single sheet. Very good. In a half morocco clamshell case.

An intriguing letter from Egbert Benson, New York’s first attorney general after independence, a leading New York jurist, prime mover in the push for a new federal constitution, and Representative from New York in the First Congress. Benson, along with Alexander Hamilton, had introduced the resolution for a constitutional convention at the Annapolis Convention of 1786, and he introduced the resolution for a New York ratifying convention in 1788. He writes to an unnamed correspondent, reporting on the business of the third session, with mention of President Washington’s speech, Alexander Hamilton’s reports, and New York Supreme Court justices John S. Hobart and Robert Yates; and the recent military campaign against the Miamis in the Ohio Valley. Though Benson dated this letter “Nov. 14, 1790,” it was almost certainly written on Dec. 14, as Congress did not meet until December that year.

Dear Sir, Upon Reflection it has appeared to Me, and I am persuaded it will appear to you, most advisable that the intended Correspondence between Us should seem to commence with you. Indeed it will not be easy for me or sat- isfactory to you for me to write to you generally on the Subject, and therefore wish you would from time to time write to me stating the Questions which you may be desirous to have examined and answered. It will be most prudent that your Letters should be communicated to the other Gentlemen in the Delegation and therefore my answers will in a Degree be public Communications. I do not propose however to confine myself to a mere answer to an Interrogatory; my Letters will contain Suggestions of whatever may occur to Me as useful – We have scarcely entered on the Business of the Session. The President’s Speech with the Answers and his Replies you will see in the Papers; and we have two reports from Mr. Hamilton, the one providing additional means for the Payment of the Interest on the public Debt and the other on the Subject of a Bank. These will be printed and I shall send a Copy to Robert [Yates?] for the perusal of Judge Hobart and Yourself. Our troops have returned from the Western Expedition and have so far succeeded as to have destroyed a Number of Indian Towns with a great Quantity of Provision. Possibly as far as there was Reason to expect it probably would be, the Object of the Expedition has been effected, but with the Loss of near 200 Men on our Side. It is said that upwards of 100 of the Indians were killed in the two different Engagements.

While the recipient of the letter is not named, Kenneth Bowling of the First Fed- eral Congress Project believes it to be Samuel Jones, a prominent Anti-Federalist from Queens County who nonetheless voted for the Constitution at the New York convention. Bowling cites Benson’s other letters to Jones, of which several survive, and the roundabout language of the first paragraph, which suggests Benson was concerned what use might be made of his correspondence. Bowling notes that no Benson letters survive from the first two sessions of the First Congress, and only seven from the third: four to Nicholas Low, and two definitely to Jones (he thinks this is a third). ANB 2, pp.602-4. Stan Henkels Auctions, Catalogue 1501, item 585 (when this letter was sold in 1937). Email from Kenneth Bowling, May 17, 2010. $5000.

The First American Catholic Bible

17. [Bible – Catholic]: [Carey, Mathew]: THE HOLY BIBLE, TRANS- LATED FROM THE LATIN VULGATE: DILIGENTLY COM- PARED WITH THE HEBREW, GREEK, AND OTHER EDI- TIONS, IN DIVERS LANGUAGES; AND FIRST PUBLISHED BY THE ENGLISH COLLEGE AT DOWAY, ANNO 1609. NEWLY REVISED, AND CORRECTED, ACCORDING TO THE CLEM- ENTINE EDITION OF THE SCRIPTURES. WITH ANNOTA- TIONS FOR ELUCIDATING THE PRINCIPAL DIFFICULTIES OF HOLY WRIT. Philadelphia: Carey, Stewart, and Co., 1790. Two volumes bound in one. viii,487; 280,*281-*284,281-490pp. Lacks pp.13-16 (first volume); pp.461-62, 469-90 (second volume), supplied in expert facsimile. Thick quarto. Original calf boards, expertly rebacked in ornately tooled calf, leather label. Loss to outer edge of title-leaf, supplied in expert facsimile, affecting four letters of title and end of imprint line, and some words of table of contents on verso. Moderate to heavy foxing throughout. Despite the flaws, a quite acceptable copy of one of the rarest of American bibles.

A remarkable gathering of firsts in a single volume. This is the first Catholic Bible printed in the United States, the first Catholic Bible printed in any language in the New World, the first Bible printed in quarto format in the U.S., the first Bible printed by Mathew Carey, and the first minority-religion Bible printed in America. Catholics constituted only a small minority of the population of the United States in 1790. Even so, Mathew Carey, an exile from Ireland, believed that America could support the publication of an edition of the English Catholic Bible. He secured approximately 475 subscribers, and it is thought the print run did not exceed 500 copies. In 1954 a census of extant copies found thirty-five copies in public and private collections. While the number of copies today may perhaps be forty-five, the volume’s continuing rarity may be understood when one realizes the Vatican Library did not possess a copy until 1979. With good reason, Margaret Hills describes this edition as “the rarest of the notable early American editions of the Bible.” A significant edition both in the history of Bible printing and the history of publishing in the United States. EVANS 22349. PARSONS 87. HILLS 23. HERBERT 1343. RUMBALL-PETRIE 168. O’CALLAGHAN, pp.34-35. $12,500. Boston Printing of a Hieroglyphical Bible

18. [Bible for Children]: A NEW HIEROGLYPHICAL BIBLE FOR THE AMUSEMENT & INSTRUCTION OF CHILDREN; BEING A SELECTION OF THE MOST USEFUL LESSONS; AND MOST INTERESTING NARRATIVES; (SCRIPTURALLY ARRANGED) FROM GENESIS TO THE REVELATIONS.... Boston: W. Norman, [1794]. [2],144pp. plus folding plate. Contemporary wooden boards, covered in patterned paper, paper spine. Bottom inch of rear board lacking. Two later linen strips reinforcing hinges. Wear to binding. Minor soiling and foxing. Very good.

Illustrated Bible for children, with numerous woodcuts, including a full set of the Apostles and a full-page cut showing the Day of Judgment. The folding plate at the front shows two states of being, as depicted by a tree: that of a good Christian and that of the Natural Man. This is the second hieroglyphical Bible printed in America, preceded only by the Isaiah Thomas edition of 1788. William Norman, the publisher, is better known as a map publisher and printer of the first American coastal atlas (1790). Quite nice, in contemporary condition, and of great rarity. EVANS 26651. BRISTOL B9480. SHIPTON & MOONEY 47726. WELCH 513.1. ROSENBACH CHILDRENS 181. HAMILTON 153. SABIN 53019. $4000. The Third Philadelphia Directory

19. Biddle, Clement: THE PHILADELPHIA DIRECTORY. Philadelphia: Printed by James & Johnson, 1791. xviii,[2],187,[1]pp. 19th-century three- quarter morocco and marbled boards, spine gilt. Worn along joints and edges. Text lightly tanned. About very good.

The third Philadelphia directory, complete with the brief account of Philadelphia and the errata, which are not present in all copies. While easier to obtain than the extraordinarily rare first directory of 1785, the Biddle directory is a good deal rarer than the Francis White directory of the same year. It is one of the earliest directories from any American city, and the first comprehensive one issued in Philadelphia during the Federal period, when it was the seat of government for the country. NAIP locates a total of only nine copies. Quite scarce, and a significant early Philadelphia directory. SPEAR p.273. EVANS 23205. NAIP w027615. HOWES B425, “aa.” $7500.

Jasper Yeates’ Copy

20. [Bidwell, Barnabas]: THE SUSQUEHANNAH TITLE STATED AND EXAMINED, IN A SERIES OF NUMBERS, FIRST PUB- LISHED IN THE WESTERN STAR.... Catskill: Mackay Croswell, 1796. 115pp. 12mo. Modern half calf and marbled boards, spine gilt, leather label. Minor toning and soiling, small abrasion to a few letters on title. Signature on title. Text uniformly toned. Very good plus.

Bidwell defends Connecticut’s claim to the contested lands in the Wyoming Valley, which were also claimed by Pennsylvania. This pamphlet was “especially worthwhile for its discussion of the decision by the Commissioners of the Conferation [sic] made at Trenton, New Jersey” (Streeter) which argued in favor of Pennsylvania. The issue was the cause of great controversy and the subject of a number of publications. Connecticut finally ceded the land to Pennsylvania in 1800, after the argument renewed by this pamphlet abated. This copy is signed on the title: “J. Yeates.” This is Jasper Yeates, New York attorney and land speculator, now best remembered as one of the delegates whose secret diary gives us insight into the Federal Constitutional Convention in 1787, where he represented New York. EVANS 30091. VAIL 1050. STREETER SALE 982. HOWES B431, “aa.” $1750.

The First Impeachment

21. [Blount, William]: PROCEEDINGS ON THE IMPEACHMENT OF WILLIAM BLOUNT, A SENATOR OF THE UNITED STATES FROM TENNESSEE, FOR HIGH CRIMES AND MISDEMEAN- ORS. Philadelphia. 1799. 102pp. Modern half morocco and cloth. Quite browned and foxed, else very good. Untrimmed.

Official proceedings of the trial of Tennessee senator William Blount, the first United States federal official against whom impeachment charges were brought. Blount was heavily involved in land speculation in the South and feared that France would gain control of the Mississippi River. He settled into a conspiracy in which England would seize Louisiana and Florida, and his investments would be protected. The Senate voted to expel Blount, and the House brought impeachment proceedings against him, which were dismissed for lack of jurisdiction. HOWES B548, “aa.” SERVIES 732. COHEN 14450. EVANS 36561. SABIN 6002. $2000.

The Suppressed Original Episcopal Book of Common Prayer

22. [Book of Common Prayer]: THE BOOK OF COMMON PRAYER, AND ADMINISTRATION OF THE SACRAMENTS, AND OTH- ER RITES AND CEREMONIES, AS REVISED AND PROPOSED TO THE USE OF THE PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH.... Philadelphia: Printed by Hall and Sellers, 1786. [362]pp. plus 8pp. of music. Lacks the errata leaf. 12mo. Contemporary calf, original endpapers. Binding crackled, chipped at spine ends, rear board detached. A few leaves trimmed close, four leaves with edge wear resulting in minor loss to a few letters. Leaf Gg3 a bit rumpled, with a closed horizontal tear. Withal, a good copy in original unsophisticated condition, with the contemporary ownership signature of “George Bickham” on the front free endpaper, titlepage, and contents page. In a gilt morocco solander case, spine richly gilt.

The American Protestant Episcopal Church was founded after the American Revolution as an adap- tation of the Church of England in the new United States. The church was founded at a convention in Philadelphia in 1785, at which it was agreed to create a separate prayer book. The present title is the result, and it caused great controversy upon its publication. Among the ill-considered revisions were “changes and omissions of such drastic nature as among other things the deletion of the Nicene and Athanasian Creeds. The Proposed Book proved unwelcome to clergy and laity, even its suggestion of a prayer for the Fourth of July being taken exception to. Its use was brief and not general” (Page). “This edition, contains the alterations which were intended to adapt the Book of Common Prayer, of the Church of England, to the changed political conditions of this country; and is the result of a convention held in Philadelphia, in 1785, presided over by the Reverend William White. The proposed Prayer Book met with much criticism and opposition in the church, owing to its radical changes, and was never adopted” – Evans. Rare, in original condition. EVANS 19940. PAGE, THE BOOK OF COMMON PRAYER 51. GRIFFITHS 1786, 9. NAIP w029995. $7500.

An Early Appearance of the Boone Narrative

23. [Boone, Daniel]: [Filson, John]: Beers, Andrew: ADVENTURES OF COL. DANIEL BOON [sic], ONE OF THE ORIGINAL SET- TLERS AT KENTUCKY; CONTAINING THE WARS WITH THE INDIANS ON THE OHIO, FROM 1769, TO THE YEAR 1784.... [Contained in:] BEERS’S ALMANAC AND EPHEMERIS...FOR...1795. Hartford: Printed by Hudson and Good- win, [1794]. [36]pp. Illustration. 12mo. Gathered signatures, stitched. Tanned and somewhat soiled. Good. In a half calf and cloth slipcase, spine gilt, with chemise.

One of the earliest printings of Filson’s Daniel Boone narrative, occupying eight pages of the Beers almanac for 1795. The story provides an account of Boone’s adventures in Kentucky (captioned at the end, “Fayette County, Ken- tucky”), his Indian captivity, and his trials and tribulations in the wilderness. It was through its dissemination in popular literature such as this that Boone’s legend was spread and made iconic. This almanac also contains a one-page essay on “The Origin of Tobacco.” DRAKE 529. VAIL 938. AYER (SUPPLE- MENT) 55. EVANS 26632. $4500.

Famous American Crook and Confidence Man: The Streeter Copy

24. Burroughs, Stephen: MEMOIRS OF STEPHEN BURROUGHS. [with:] ...VOLUME II. Hanover, N.H.: Benjamin True, 1798, and Boston: Caleb Bingham, 1804. Two volumes. [2],vi-vii,[8]-298; 202pp. Portrait on newsprint pasted to verso of second volume titlepage. First volume: Modern calf. Second volume: 12mo. Contemporary calf, neatly rebacked in matching style. Some foxing and toning. A very good set.

The Thomas W. Streeter-Frank S. Streeter copy, with their bookplates on the front pastedowns, and Thomas Streeter’s pencil notes on the front pastedown of the second volume. A complete set of this memoir of a notorious swindler and con man, including the extremely rare second volume. Burroughs (1765-1840) was born in Hanover, New Hampshire, the son of a Congregational minister, and quickly gained a reputation as a troublesome child. He ran away from home at age fourteen, joined the army only to desert shortly thereafter, and then enrolled at Dartmouth. He left college early, went to sea as a privateer, and impersonated a ship’s physician. Back in New England he impersonated a minister in Pelham, Massachusetts, and was soon caught counterfeiting money. Burroughs was imprisoned in Northampton, where he tried several times to escape before setting fire to the jail, which resulted in his incarceration at Castle Island in Boston Harbor. He escaped from the island fortress, was recaptured, and served out his term, eventually moving to Canada, where he became the leader of a counterfeiting ring. Later in life he reformed, joined the Catholic church, and became a teacher to privileged youth. “One of the great criminal autobiographies, and an important piece of pica- resque Americana” – Streeter. As the second volume was published some years later in a different city, and evidently in much smaller numbers, complete sets are virtually impossible to come by. Shaw & Shoemaker locates only three copies of the second volume. STREETER SALE 724 (this copy). SABIN 9466 (not noting 2nd volume). HOWES B1022, “aa.” EVANS 33478. NAIP w020739. SHAW & SHOEMAKER 5957. Appleton’s Cyclopædia I, p.470. $6500.

The 1791 Constitutional Act: The Beginning of Representative Government in Canada

25. [Canada – Constitutional Act]: THE QUEBEC GAZETTE. THURS- DAY, DECEMBER 1, 1791...LA GAZETE DE QUEBEC. JEUDI, 1 DECEMBRE, 1791.... Quebec: Printed by Samuel Neilson, 1791. 12pp. Folio. Dbd. Slight wrinkling and browning at edges, but very good. In a blue cloth folder, gilt leather label.

The first and official Canadian printing of the Constitutional Act of 1791, by which Canada received representative government, Upper and Lower Canada were divided into two separate political entities, and the rights of the French inhabitants of Quebec were confirmed. After the loss of the other American colonies, Great Britain found the remaining colony of Canada in turmoil. The influx of Loyalists brought political and economic disruption. The home government was determined to learn from its mistakes, and set out to devise a system of government for Canada (which had been run as a military despotism since 1763) that would conciliate its inhabitants and keep them loyal to the British government. The Canada or Constitutional Act, as it generally became known, was drafted by William Pitt and his ministers and was seen through Parliament in early 1791, final passage occurring on June 10. It was scheduled to take effect at the end of the year. The most controversial part of the Constitutional Act was its division of the colony into Upper and Lower Canada. The Lower section comprised Quebec, Montreal, and the predominantly French part of the colony; and the Upper part consisted of the western, mainly British, part of the territory. This division has reverberated in Canadian politics to this day. By far the most important aspect of the Act was the creation of representative government. Thirty-two of the fifty sections of the Act relate to this, creating legislative councils and assemblies (upper and lower houses) for both Upper and Lower Canada. This was the first representative government in Canada, and the first occasion on which the British Parliament surrendered specific powers to local government, the precursor for all later Commonwealth developments. Besides these provisions, the Constitutional Act provided guarantees against the imposition of outside duties, such as had been catalysts for the American Revolu- tion. It protected the rights of the French citizens in their religion and forms of land tenure. In every way it sought to conciliate – the opposite of the policy of two decades earlier towards the more southern colonies. This is the first publication in Canada of the Constitutional Act, issued one month before it was to become law. It was issued as a special number of The Quebec Gazette, containing the proclamation of Lieut.-Gov. Allured Clark regarding the date the bill would take effect, the Order in Council authorizing the division between Upper and Lower Canada, the text of the Constitutional Act, and some lines of errata. The entire text is printed in double columns in parallel English and French. Marie Tremaine, the bibliographer of early Canadian imprints, locates six copies of this printing. In addition, we note the copy in the Lande Collection at McGill. Of the greatest importance for Canadian history. TREMAINE 705. LANDE 2104. $15,000.

America’s First Literary Magazine, Including Early Printings of The Federalist, the Constitution, the Bill of Rights, and Hamilton’s Report on Manufactures

26. Carey, Mathew: THE AMERICAN MUSEUM, OR REPOSITORY OF ANCIENT AND MODERN FUGITIVE PIECES, &c..... Phila- delphia: Carey [and Stewart and Co.], January 1787 – December 1792. Twelve volumes comprising seventy-two consecutive monthly issues. Collations given below. Contemporary sheep, spines gilt, black morocco label. Some leaves lacking or supplied, as noted below. Provenance: Beverly Public Library (bookplates and inked stamps).

A mostly-complete run of The American Museum, America’s first literary magazine, and a pioneering effort on the part of its publisher, Mathew Carey, to bring news to a national audience, and to develop and promote an indigenous literary culture. Carey began The American Museum on the heels of a failed partnership with other printers called the Columbian Magazine. Carey’s original goal in his solo venture was to cull from other sources the best essays on political, economic, and cultural subjects, as well as poetry and prose, and offer it to a national audience. Despite the note to the reader in his first issue apologizing for his journal being “destitute as it is of originality,” he soon began to publish original work. A favorable opinion of the Museum from George Washington, often reprinted in advertisements, enhanced its reputation. Carey cast a wide net in soliciting writers and topics for his periodical. Among the distinguished contributors are Washington, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jef- ferson, Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Paine, James Bowdoin, David Rittenhouse, Benjamin West, Jeremy Belknap, Ezra Stiles, Noah Webster, H.M. Brackenridge, Joel Barlow, Timothy Dwight, Benjamin Rush, Joel Dickinson, and Tench Coxe. All of the major issues of the day, as well as scientific and cultural events, found a place in its pages. Not the least of these are the debates surrounding the Consti- tution, but also internal improvements, manufactures, agriculture, and the general state of the nation, as well as poetry and varied prose. The appearance of the federal Constitution in the September 1787 issue is one of the first contemporary printings of the document, and the inclusion in the same issue of a “Letter Relative to the Hessian Fly” shows the range of the journal’s interests. The American Museum became a vital source for information about the activities of the federal government, as Carey printed reports from cabinet departments, the proceedings of Congress, state constitutions, treaties with foreign nations, and foreign intelligence. Authors contributing literary essays and poetry include Francis Hopkinson, Philip Freneau, David Humphreys, Timothy Dwight, and John Trumbull. The success of The American Museum helped establish Mathew Carey as the leading printer of his generation. Through the publication of the periodical he was able to develop a distribution network which greatly aided him in coming years as he became a leading book publisher. A congressional change in postal rates for magazines in 1792 forced Carey to end The American Museum in order “to have recourse to some other object that might afford a better reward to industry.” Complete sets with all volumes and all plates are extremely scarce. A detailed collation of the present set is available on request. James N. Green, Mathew Carey, Publisher and Patriot, pp.6-7. Chielens, American Literary Magazines, pp.19-24. $25,000.

Rare Edition

27. Carey, Mathew: CAREY’S GENERAL ATLAS. Philadelphia: M. Carey, 1800. Forty-nine engraved maps, including twenty-six double-page or folding. “A Map of the part of the N.W. Territory of the United States” printed on heavy paper and colored in outline in a contemporary hand. Folio. Expertly bound to style in half russia and contemporary speckled boards, spine gilt, red morocco label. Occasional expert repairs in margins and at folds. Very good.

A rare edition of Carey’s important and early U.S.-produced General Atlas. Carey’s American Atlas, printed in 1795 with twenty-one maps, was the first atlas printed in America. Carey’s General Atlas was first published in 1796 with forty-five maps. Most of the present atlas is devoted to the Americas, with twenty-seven of the forty-nine maps being of the region. Of the twenty-seven, the majority depict the United States and its territories, and incorporate the latest geographical knowledge available by what was to become one of the premier mapping firms in the United States. Two additional important maps not included in the 1796 edition are map 46, “Seven Ranges of Townships...laid out by Congress,” and map 47, “Part of the North Western Territory by Samuel Lewis,” dated 1796. Not in Rumsey. PHILLIPS, ATLASES 3535. SABIN 10858. $37,500.

The First Official Map of Massachusetts

28. Carleton, Osgood: MAP OF MASSACHUSETTS PROPER COM- PILED FROM ACTUAL SURVEYS MADE BY ORDER OF THE GENERAL COURT, AND UNDER THE INSPECTION OF AGENTS OF THEIR APPOINTMENT. [Boston: Published and sold by B. & J. Loring, 1801]. Engraved map, 31¾ x 46¾ inches, with original outline color. Dissected and mounted on contemporary linen. Original printed publisher’s paper label affixed to verso. In good condition, with light foxing. In a half morocco and cloth box.

The revised, much improved, and first “official” edition of the most important early map of Massachusetts. This edition is a great improvement over Osgood Carleton’s 1798 original (which was rejected for official sanction by the government of the Commonwealth) in several ways. First, the coastline and coastal islands have been more correctly rendered, largely due to the fact that information from the charts of Joseph Des Barres was incorporated. Secondly, roads and streams that had been left incomplete in the earlier map were extended. Lastly, some of the clutter of the 1798 map, engraved by Carleton’s partner, John Norman, was removed, and the map is more attractive and informative, with the lines cleaner and crisper. The history of the creation and publication of Carleton’s map is quite interesting. There was a movement to create a state-sponsored map of Massachusetts as early as 1791. In 1795, after a failed attempt by the Massachusetts Historical Society, Osgood Carleton and John Norman signed a contract with the Commonwealth to create a state map based on surveys submitted by every town, the entire map to be endorsed as to its quality by the state government. The map was produced in 1798, but it failed to win approval by the General Court, which criticized Nor- man’s engraving. The government asked Norman to redraw the map, but he had already printed 400 copies and went about marketing it without the official seal of approval from the Massachusetts government. Carleton, however, began to recompile the map, and the firm of Callendar and Hill was contracted to engrave it. This version of the map – the present version – was approved by the General Court in 1801, and 500 copies were ordered to be printed. It was published by B. & J. Loring in Boston and offered (along with a companion map of Maine, which was under Massachusetts’ control until 1820) at four dollars for a set, seven dollars if mounted on cloth with rollers, and eight dollars if folded into cases. This copy of the map retains the publisher’s original paper label, which forcefully asserts that this 1801 version of the Carleton map of Massachusetts, approved by the General Court, is “the only accurate one ever published of this state.” The map is drawn on a scale of four miles to the inch and gives a clear delineation of the boundaries and coastline of the state of Massachusetts, and of the borders of each town in the state. The distance of each town from Boston and from their respective county seat is given, and major roads and streams are shown. Public and private institutions, including academies, meetinghouses, courthouses, etc., are located, as are topographical features such as mountains, ponds, rivers, and streams. The cartouche, smaller and more attractive than that in the 1798 version, is still quite large, taking up much of the lower left corner of the map. It shows an Indian standing beside trees on a shoreline, with boats in the distant waters, and casks, anchors, nets, and a globe in the foreground. A very rare, important, and early map of Massachusetts. PHILLIPS, MAPS, p.400. MAPPING BOSTON, p.52. RISTOW, pp.89-92. Susan Danforth, “The First Official Maps of Maine and Massachusetts” in IMAGO MUNDI 35 (1983), pp.37-57. $22,000.

The Pioneer Reporting of Congressional Debate

29. Carpenter, Thomas, compiler: THE AMERICAN SENATOR, OR A COPIOUS AND IMPARTIAL REPORT OF THE DEBATES IN THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES: INCLUDING ALL TREATIES, ADDRESSES, PROCLAMATIONS, &c. WHICH OC- CUR DURING THE PRESENT SESSION, BEING THE SECOND OF THE FOURTH CONGRESS. Philadelphia. 1796-1797. Three volumes. 352,[4]; 366,[4]; [4],367-787,[13]pp., plus folding table. Contemporary calf, gilt morocco labels. Bindings scuffed and worn, spines of second and third volumes chipped, but sound withal. Profuse ink and pencil scrawling on endpapers of first volume. Worming in lower margin of final two signatures in first volume, barely touching the text. Uniformly tanned. Good.

Regular, official reporting of the debates and proceedings of the United States Congress was not instituted until the 1840s, with the Congressional Globe. Before that the work of covering congressional debates was left to private reporters who compiled and published their accounts, and Thomas Carpenter was one of the most prominent of these early congressional reporters. He gathered his reports from personal attendance of the congressional sessions, from other printed sources, and often by receiving copies of speeches directly from members themselves. He presents the debates and procedures in a straightforward, non-partisan manner, often quot- ing the speeches directly, other times summarizing speeches and floor actions. The present set covers the second session of the fourth Congress, from December 1796 to early March 1797, and includes John Adams’ and Thomas Jefferson’s inaugural speeches as president and vice president. Also included are George Washington’s 1796 State of the Union message, debates on the establishment of the Mint, the militia, the sinking fund, petitions from free blacks, federal salaries, taxes, and scores of bills on a variety of other subjects. The table provides a detailed listing of state debts. The final volume contains a list of subscribers, which includes the House of Representatives (six copies), the soon-to-be impeached Senator William Blount, printers Mathew Carey and John Dunlap, Albert Gallatin, John Jay, Andrew Jackson, Secretary of State Timothy Pickering, and several foreign ambassadors. Each volume carries a separate index. Evans notes that “further publication was discontinued because Congress refused to purchase any considerable number of the volumes.” A scarce set on the market. EVANS 30165, 31918, 31919. SABIN 11006. $3750.

30. Cathcart, James Leander: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM JAMES LEANDER CATHCART, AMERICAN CONSUL AT TRIPOLI, TO WILLIAM EATON, AMERICAN CONSUL AT TUNIS, ARRANGING A BUSINESS DEAL FOR EUROPEAN AND NORTH AFRICAN GOODS]. Tripoli. July 14, 1799. [3]pp. on a folded folio sheet. With a brief note on the address page that appears to be in Arabic. Old folds. Tear from wax seal, not affecting any text. Very good.

This letter unites two American consuls to the Barbary states in a proposed business venture involving various goods. Both James Leander Cathcart and William Eaton had been appointed as consuls by President John Adams. In this letter Cathcart proposes a joint business venture to Eaton (likely one of many between the two men) involving cloth, sugar, spices, wine, brandy, and other goods. The letter discusses the role of Jewish merchants in the trade of the region and the rigid control exercised by local potentates, and demonstrates the actions of American consuls in Barbary to engage in business in order to supplement their incomes. James Cathcart and William Eaton were two of the central figures in American diplomacy toward the Barbary States. Cathcart (1767-1843) led a fascinating life. He was born in Ireland, came to the United States as a child, served on an American privateer at age twelve, and was imprisoned by the British. After the Revolution he was captured by Barbary pirates while working on a merchant ship, and was held as a slave in Algiers for eleven years. Cathcart eventually learned Arabic, became a clerk to the Dey of Algiers, and was freed from slavery by the United States treaty with Algiers of 1796. In 1798, John Adams appointed him U.S. Consul to Tripoli. William Eaton (1764-1811) had the most notorious career of any American involved with the Barbary states. He gained some military fame in the 1790s as an aid to Gen. Anthony Wayne in the Old Northwest, and was appointed American consul to Tunis in 1798. While in office Eaton espoused the cause of Hamet Karamanli, the exiled Pasha of Tripoli, who had been removed by his brother, Yusuf. This led to Eaton’s famous adventure, culminating in the Battle of Derne (1804), in which Eaton led a force of Arabs and European mercenaries. However, at the same time American diplomat Tobias Lear was negotiating a treaty with Yusuf Karamanli, thereby undermining Eaton’s efforts. Later in his life Eaton was involved in the treason trial of Aaron Burr. In the present letter Cathcart proposes a large commercial venture with Eaton. He writes:

If you have a mind for a spec purchase gold twist (fil d’oro) either French Italian or Tunisian it is worth about six piastres an ounce at Tunis. All sorts of white linnens either German or Irish, a thin sort of cloth called in Italian Londrina, some white sugar such as Famin sold me & some black pepper & some coarse ticking such as is used in Barbary for covering mattresses. The cloths to be scarlet, red or different shades blue do. and some yellow? If you employ two thousand dollars in the above speculation I will be bound to run an equal risque with you & will send you an order upon Azulai for one thousand dollars on receiving advice from you. If you find it convenient to expend a larger sum I will take an equal share with you. You will please to send me the prices current at your place, here we have nothing that will answer Tunis, & be very cautious lest the Jews should over reach you. I hear there has arrived a Ragusian vessel from Leghorn at Tunis some days ago. It is probable you will be able to get great part of the goods upon two three or four months credit. Whatever you purchase give them to Halifa Caigon who will return here in the Brig he is sent to Tunis to purchase goods for Farfara.

On the second page Cathcart informs Eaton that he is sending him wine and brandy to sell:

I am about sending two pipes of Brandy & two of very good wine – you will please to dispose of them to the best advantage in case you receive them but I have not determined whether I will or not, yet if I do Caigon will have charge of them. If they turn out well & you can get permission from the Dey to land a quantity I will send you a cargo of wine & brandy on both our accounts. We must either trade or build houses as Ingraham has done. My pay will not maintain me tho I am by no means extravagant.

The fourth page of the sheet, otherwise used to address the letter to Eaton, contains a further note from Cathcart:

By order of the Bashaw all the Jews were ordered to disembark. I open this letter to tell you that if I ship the wine & brandy you will receive the cap’tns. receipt enclosed in this if the Jews gets leave to go on board Mr. Caigon will give you this if not the cap’tn will. Send any goods by the cap’tn and send me some potatoes by the return of the brig. Forward me an invoice & bill of lading by land.

An interesting letter proposing a complicated commercial venture, and linking together two of the most prominent Americans in the Barbary states. DAB III, pp.572-73. $4500.

Federalist Riots in Baltimore

31. Chase, Samuel: TO THE CITIZENS OF BALTIMORE-TOWN [caption title]. [Baltimore: Printed by James Angell & Paul J. Sullivan, 1794]. Broadside, 11½ x 7 inches. Early ink note on verso: “Mr. Thornton.” Old folds. Small separation at one crossfold, affecting two letters of text. Unevenly trimmed around the text. Very good.

A very rare federal-era broadside – only the second located copy – printing the text of an open letter from Judge Samuel Chase to the citizens of Baltimore in the wake of a riot in 1794. Chase, a signer of the Declaration of Independence and a future Supreme Court justice, defends his actions in detaining the leaders of the mob, and appeals to the citizens of Baltimore to value order and government over their destructive passions. The occasion for the uprising was Congress’ declaration of a thirty-day embargo on foreign trade, issued in March 1794. A local shipmaster, Capt. Ramsdell, ex- pressed his displeasure at the end of the embargo, and he and another man named Stenton (described in the broadside as an “American pirate”) were attacked by a mob. Among the leaders of the mob were Capt. David Stodder, the owner of a local shipyard, and Capt. William Reeves. The mob set upon Ramsdell and Stenton at Fells Point and tarred and feathered them. Chase, who at the time was chief justice of the District Criminal Court in Baltimore and chief justice of the Mary- land General Court, ordered that Stodder and Reeves, as the ringleaders, be held in custody pending charges, unless they could offer up bail. Stodder and Reeves refused to post bail, and their supporters threatened to tear down the jail and raze Chase’s home. After giving them a day to cool down, the prisoners agreed to post bail, and the tense situation abated. In the present broadside Chase describes and justifies his actions, making an eloquent case for the rule of law over the mentality of the mob. He lays out the details of the events, explains his actions in detail, and describes the threats made against him, his family and property, and against public order. Chase concludes by stating that he is doing his duty as a judge and following the oath of his office, and that he is not appealing to the citizens of Baltimore to protect himself, “but that you may determine whether you ought to suffer an outrage to your laws, so fatal to the prosper- ity of this town, so destructive of all order, and so subversive of your government.” This broadside is without an imprint, and the identity of the printers is based on the attribution by Evans. Evans, NAIP, and Minick all locate only a single copy, at the Maryland Historical Society. Rare and quite interesting for the history of law and civic culture in the early American Republic. EVANS 26762. NAIP w000729. MINICK 159. Francis F. Beirne, The Amiable Baltimoreans (New York, 1951), pp.144-45. $4500.

Advocates of French-American Commerce

32. Claviere, Etienne: Brissot de Warville, Jacques Pierre: DE LA FRANCE ET DES ÉTATS-UNIS, OU DE L’IMPORTANCE DE LA RÉVOLUTION DE L’AMÉRIQUE POUR LE BONHEUR DE LA FRANCE, DES RAPPORTS DE CE ROYAUME & DES ÉTATS- UNIS.... London [i.e. Paris?] 1787. xxiv,xlviii,344pp. plus two frontispiece portraits. Contemporary boards, modern calf spine, leather label. Contents bright and fresh. Very good plus.

A highly important work of political economy, published in Paris under a false imprint, and designed to stimulate investment in the United States by the French. Brissot de Warville was one of the most pro-American French thinkers of the period, who wrote a well-known work on his American travels and died in the Terror. This work seeks to enlighten the French and American public about the possibilities for mutually beneficial investments. Dedicated to the American Congress and the “friends of America in both worlds,” it reviews a number of economic issues such as balance of trade, the superior benefits of French manufactures for American markets, why French wines and oils were better than any that could be produced in the U.S., and a broad range of specific products. Various American products ranging from rice to furs are then discussed. In the end the authors include a prospectus for their proposed “Société Gallo-Américaine.” Claviere and Brissot de Warville worked together on a number of political tracts, and both believed that the example of America’s fledgling democracy held the key to France’s future. HOWES C464. KRESS B1169. GOLDSMITHS 13307. ESTC T109594. SABIN 13516. $2000.

A Cobbett Collection

33. [Cobbett, William]: PORCUPINE’S WORKS. Philadelphia: William Cobbett..., [1796-1797?] Two volumes. Modern half calf and marbled boards. Contemporary ownership inscription on each titlepage. Some light marginal tanning. Overall very good.

A collection of fifteen diatribes by Cobbett, issued under the pseudonym of Peter Porcupine. Evans states, “No two sets agree as to contents,” and the present set fails to conform to any of the combinations described by Gaines. The first volume of the set consists of:

1) Observations on the Emigration of Dr. Joseph Priestly.... [N.p. n.d.]. 88pp. 2) A Bone to Gnaw, for the Democrats...Third Edition, Revised. Philadelphia. 1797. [89]-160pp. 3) Part II. A Bone to Gnaw, for the Democrats.... Philadelphia. 1797. [2],66pp. 4) A Little Plain English...Second Edition. Philadelphia. 1796. [2],5,77pp. 5) A New Year’s Gift to the Democrats...Third Edition. Philadelphia. 1798. 71pp. 6) The Political Censor, or Monthly Review...Second Edition. Philadelphia. 1796. 70pp. 7) Porcupine’s Political Censor, for April, 1797. [N.p. n.d.] [3],68-134pp.

The second volume contains:

8) The Political Censor for May, 1796. [1],173-239pp. 9) The Scare-Crow...Second Edition. Philadelphia. 1796. 56pp. 10) Porcupine’s Political Censor, for Sept. 1796. Philadelphia. [n.d.] [3],252-327pp. 11-14) Four more issues of Porcupine’s Political Censor, for November and December 1796 and January and March 1797. 15) The Democratic Judge or the Equal Liberty of the Press.... Philadelphia. 1798. 102pp.

Not listed in Sabin, who only notes the twelve-volume edition of 1801, which is entirely a reprint, while the present version is made up from original tracts on hand, with added collective titles. EVANS 31948, 30233. PEARL 26. GAINES 34a, 34f. (all refs. to similar but not identical permutations) $2250.

The Prickle of the Porcupine

34. [Cobbett, William]: PORCUPINE’S GAZETTE AND UNITED STATES DAILY ADVERTISER. Philadelphia. March 29, 1797 – March 20, 1799. Folio newspapers, printed in four columns. A discontinuous run of 147 issues, beginning with Number 22 (March 29, 1797) and concluding with Number 635 (March 20, 1799). Each issue consists of [4]pp. Several issues bear a contemporary ownership signature of “Mr. Kinney” or “Capt. Kinney.” Plus one issue of Claypoole’s American Daily Advertiser, two issues of the True American Commercial Advertiser, and one issue of the Philadelphia Gazette & Universal Daily Advertiser from the same time period bound in. Folio. Contemporary marbled boards, expertly rebacked, retaining original gilt morocco label. Boards scuffed. An occasional stain or fox mark, light even tanning. Some twenty issues have from 2- to 6-inch tears at edge or center of text resulting in loss. A few issues trimmed close at the upper edge or foredge, with slight loss. Overall, in good condition.

A significant assemblage of William Cobbett’s important and controversial but short-lived daily newspaper, Porcupine’s Gazette. The numbers in this volume represent about twenty percent of the complete run of the newspaper, which lasted for 770 issues. Cobbett (1763-1835), the legendarily prolific, controversial (often contradictory), and anti-authoritarian polemicist, often wrote under the pen-name of “Peter Porcupine.” In 1796, a few years after he arrived in the United States, he began a monthly periodical called The Political Censor, which he used to snipe at his political opponents – usually those of a pro-French or Jeffersonian-Republican sentiment. The Censor ran until March 1797, when it was replaced with Porcupine’s Gazette, a daily newspaper. The first issue appeared on March 4, 1797, the day John Adams was inaugurated president, with a subscription base of about one thousand, which more than doubled within a few months. By November 1797, Cobbett was printing 3,000 copies a day. A weekly German-language version was published in Lancaster, Pennsylvania in 1798 and 1799, and a thrice-weekly edition called The Country Porcupine also ran in those years. Cobbett used the newspaper to support the Federalist Party and to rail against the French and their American supporters during the period of increased tensions between the United States and France generally known as the “Quasi War.” His contentious articles thrived in the politically charged atmosphere, although Cobbett often found himself on the receiving end of libel suits. The newspaper is filled with articles on national and local politics, foreign policy, news from Europe, economics, and advertisements for Cobbett’s other works. Aside from its tremendous political importance, Porcupine’s Gazette is also a rich source of information on daily life in Philadelphia, with each issue containing commercial advertisements and notices, reports of arrivals in the port of Philadelphia, local prices for goods, advertisements for schools and doctors, and much more. The demise of the paper was hastened when Cobbett lost a $5,000 libel judgment brought against him by Dr. Benjamin Rush, whom Cobbett had attacked for Rush’s actions during an outbreak of Yellow Fever in Philadelphia. The case was adjudicated by a Pennsylvania judge whom Cobbett had also criticized. Cobbett suspended publication of the Gazette in late August 1799, followed by a few weekly issues that fall, and a final New York issue of Jan. 13, 1800. A significant run of an important Federalist-era periodical, produced by one of the most controversial polemicists in American history. PEARL, WILLIAM COBBETT 28. GAINES, WILLIAM COBBETT 30. BRIGHAM, pp.946-47. $5000.

Governor Trumbull’s Copy

35. [Connecticut]: ACTS AND LAWS OF THE STATE OF CON- NECTICUT, IN AMERICA. New London: Printed by Timothy Green, 1784-1793. 8,6,[2],265,267-394,399-451pp. Folio. Contemporary sheep. Boards nearly detached, sheep scuffed and worn. Toning and scattered foxing. Contemporary ink ownership signatures of B. Snow and Jonathan Trumbull on titlepage. A good copy.

Governor Jonathan Trumbull’s copy of the acts and laws of Connecticut, 1784-93, bearing his signature. Trumbull (1740-1809) was the older brother of the famous painter, John Trumbull, and the son of the elder Jonathan Trumbull, governor of colonial Connecticut and first governor of the state of Connecticut. The younger Jonathan Trumbull served as Connecticut’s governor from 1797 to his death in 1809. The present volume comprises the full run of the acts and laws of the state of Connecticut from 1784 through May 1793. The first part (through page 265), issued with a separate titlepage, is the second edition of the text, printed by Timo- thy Green in New London, and may have been printed in 1785 or later, according to Evans. This part contains printings of Connecticut’s colonial charter and the Articles of Confederation. All but one of the remaining twenty-one parts were printed in New London at the press of Timothy Green, the exception being Acts... for October 1785 (Evans 18967), which was printed by Thomas and Samuel Green in New Haven and for which no New London printing is recorded. EVANS 18410, 18411, 18414, 18965, 18967, 19569, 19572, 20286, 20291, 21010, 21015, 21749, 21753, 21757, 22419, 22424, 23272, 23277, 23281, 24213, 24216, 25331. JOHNSON 1143, 1144, 1145, 1155, 1171, 1172, 1187, 1188, 1200, 1201, 1210, 1211, 1212, 1223, 1224, 1231, 1232, 1233, 1243, 1244, 1258. DAB XIX, pp.17-18. $2500. 36. [Constitutions]: Jackson, William, arranger: THE CONSTITUTIONS OF THE SEVERAL INDEPENDENT STATES OF AMERICA; THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE; AND THE AR- TICLES OF CONFEDERATION BETWEEN THE SAID STATES. TO WHICH ARE NOW ADDED, THE DECLARATION OF RIGHTS.... London: Printed for J. Stockdale, 1783. [4],xxix,[3],472,[4]pp. Portrait of George Washington. Contemporary calf, gilt morocco label. Boards edgeworn, spine rubbed, front hinge cracked. Very clean internally. Good. In a cloth chemise and half morocco and cloth slipcase, spine gilt.

Designated “second edition” on the titlepage. The present edition is particularly interesting for the important treaties relating to the United States which it includes. The two French treaties of 1778 are reprinted first, followed by one of the first printings (certainly the first English) of the American-Dutch treaty of June 7, 1782. This commercial treaty was the first concluded by the United States with any power other than France, and opened the door to essential Dutch loans to the United States. Finally, there is a printing of the Provisional Articles signed by the U.S. and Great Britain on Nov. 30, 1782, which with very minor changes became the final treaty signed the next year. These were first made public at the end of January 1783. The present edition probably appeared in May 1783. SABIN 16088. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 83-53b. HOWES C716. MATYAS 83- 02. COHEN 3020. $2500.

Exquisite Copy in Original Wrappers of the First French Edition of the Federal Constitution and the Bill of Rights

37. [Constitutions]: CONSTITU- TIONS DES TREIZE ETATS-UNIS DE L’AMÉRIQUE. Nouvelle edition. Paris. 1792. Two volumes. [4],324; 317pp. Original blue-grey wrappers. Remarkably fresh, beautiful copy in original state. Very fine. Untrimmed. In a half morocco and cloth box.

The first French edition of the 1787 Federal Con- stitution, printed with the second French edition of the constitutions of the thirteen states. The original French edition of the state constitutions was inspired by Franklin and appeared in 1783. Franklin was then ambassador to the French Court and had just completed negotiations with Great Britain for the independence of the United States. The work was translated by the Duc de la Rochefoucauld, at Franklin’s suggestion, and includes over fifty foot- note annotations explicating the text. This edition, publishing the Federal Constitution for the first time, also includes the Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation, and the treaties between the United States and France, the Low Countries, and Sweden. This 1792 edition in two volumes is significant for including the text of the Federal Constitution as well as the Bill of Rights (using the twelve amendments proposed to the first Congress, only ten of which were passed). The date of this edition of the American constitutions is significant, coming in the midst of the French Revolution, and at a point when the French revolutionaries were drafting their own constitution. This edition was probably created to aid in that project. HOWES C716. SABIN 16120. COHEN 3033 (note). $10,000.

Elbridge Gerry and Edward Everett’s Copy of the Folwell Edition of the Journals of Congress

38. [Continental Congress]: JOURNALS OF CONGRESS: CONTAIN- ING THEIR PROCEEDINGS [FROM SEPTEMBER 5, 1774 TO NOVEMBER 3, 1788]. Philadelphia: From Folwell’s Press, 1800-1801. Thirteen volumes. Antique-style three-quarter calf and marbled boards. Bookplate of Edward Everett on front pastedown of each volume. Some light tanning and soiling, but generally clean internally. Very good.

The first collected printing of the Journals of the United States Congress, known as the “Fol- well Edition.” Prior to the issuing of Folwell’s set, the Journals had appeared in more or less annual volumes. Many of those original journals are virtually unobtainable. In 1799, Congress directed Richard Folwell to print 400 sets of the complete journals of the Continental Congress for the use of the Senate and the House of Representatives. This was accomplished during 1800 and 1801, reprinting the annual volumes comprising the proceedings of the Continental Congress from the two Congresses held prior to the Declaration of Independence, then for the duration of the Confederacy, through the adoption of the Federal Constitution in 1788. This set has the important provenance of Elbridge Gerry, fifth vice president of the United States, and then to distinguished American statesman Edward Everett. Everett’s bookplate is in each volume, and he has written on the front fly leaf of the first volume: “This copy of the Journals of the Continental Congress belonged to Elbridge Gerry, Vice-President of the United States with President Madison in his second term. E.E.” Gerry served in the Continental Congress and was a signer of the Declaration of Independence. He was an early and vigorous advocate of American Independence and played a crucial role in the formation of the new United States government, insisting on a bill of rights being added to the new constitution. “Gerry warned that the Constitution would not be ratified without a bill of rights, and he proved to be right. Massachusetts accepted the document, but only with the strong recommendation that a bill of rights be added. Several other states followed suit, and the Constitution was ratified but only with these provisos. Gerry staunchly supported the new government, helped to frame the Bill of Rights, and served as congressman from 1789 to 1793” – ANB. Gerry’s name is perhaps best remembered, however ignominiously, in connection with the term “gerrymandering.” In his second term as governor of Massachusetts, Gerry redrew district lines to consolidate his party’s control in the state senate. “The shape of one electoral district on the map resembled a salamander, and one wit promptly dubbed it a ‘Gerrymander.’ Hence, the term used today when redistricting results in a concentration of the strength of one political party and a weakening of its opponent’s strength” – ANB. Although this was not necessarily a new practice, the name stuck. Gerry ran on the ticket with President Madison two years later, during Madison’s second term as president, and died in office in 1814. Edward Everett attended Harvard, then became the first American to study in Europe and obtain a Ph.D. He served in the U.S. House of Representatives, as governor of Massachusetts for four years in 1835-39, then U.S. Ambassador to Great Britain, President of Harvard, Secretary of State, and Senator from Massachusetts. Ironically, his career ended as the long-winded keynote speaker at Gettysburg, preceding Abraham Lincoln’s Address with two hours of oratory. He died a year later. An important set, with the significant provenance of two of the most important statesmen from Massachusetts in the first half of the 19th century. SABIN 15545. EVANS 15683, 38750 (through 1800). ANB (online). $20,000.

The Speech of Cornplanter

39. [Cornplanter]: SOME TRANSACTIONS BETWEEN THE INDI- ANS AND FRIENDS IN PENNSYLVANIA IN 1791 & 1792. Lon- don: Printed by James Phillips..., 1792. [4],14,[2]pp. on folded sheets. A nice, fresh copy in original state. Very good. Untrimmed. In a half morocco box.

This pamphlet prints the appeal of Chief Cornplanter of the Senecas and the Friends’ response, as well as the Friends’ communications with the Cherokees, Creeks, Chickasaws, and Choctaws. Cornplanter’s address is of special interest in that it relates to his wish that two Seneca boys, along with the son of his translator, be taken in by the Friends and educated. This pamphlet also contains a speech by Philadelphia Quakers to deputies from the Southern Nations of Cherokees, Creeks, Chickasaws, and Choctaws. A significant speech by a famous Indian leader. SABIN 60624. $1650.

40. [Coxe, Tench]: THE FEDERALIST: CONTAINING SOME STRIC- TURES UPON A PAMPHLET, ENTITLED, ‘THE PRETENSIONS OF THOMAS JEFFERSON TO THE PRESIDENCY, EXAMINED, AND THE CHARGES AGAINST JOHN ADAMS, REFUTED.’ WHICH PAMPHLET WAS FIRST PUBLISHED IN THE GA- ZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES, IN A SERIES OF ESSAYS, UNDER THE SIGNATURE OF ‘PHOCION.’ Philadelphia: Re-published from the Gazette of the United Sates, by Mathew Carey, 1796. 48pp. Modern half morocco. Light soiling; light dampstaining along bottom edge. Very good. Untrimmed and unopened.

This “vigorous defense of Jefferson in reply to William L. Smith’s pamphlet” was “probably” written by Coxe (Howes); Evans and Gaines concur. This first part contains Letters I-VIII; the second part of this work was issued separately (Evans 30294) and contains Letters IX-XII. The anonymously written work is one of the first American presidential campaign pamphlets, supporting the qualifications of Jefferson and warning that John Adams favors “an hereditary president” and “an hereditary senate.” Jefferson is held up as standing amongst the “friends of representative government.” Letter II is a rebuttal of the accusation that Jefferson believes “negroes are inferior to the white race,” claiming that he has often shown solicitude for the black race. As an example, in the Declaration of Independence he sought to “censur[e] the kings of Great Britain for annulling the American laws to prohibit the slave trade.” Similar examples abound. Coxe was among the first proponents of a strong American commercial system, and became assistant secretary of the Treasury under Hamilton in 1789. HOWES F69. EVANS 30293. GAINES 96-23. NAIP w012574. $1500.

The First Reports of the Supreme Court

41. Dallas, Alexander James: REPORTS OF CASES RULED AND AD- JUDGED IN THE COURTS OF PENNSYLVANIA, BEFORE AND SINCE THE REVOLUTION. Philadelphia. 1806/1798/1799/1807. Four volumes. x,502; [2],iv,480,xix; [8],519,[1],xiii; [6],472,xxxiv,[14]pp. Half title in first volume. Uniform contemporary calf, red gilt morocco labels. Spines of second and third volumes expertly repaired, fourth volume rebacked in matching style. Rubbed and scuffed. Minor foxing and tanning. First volume with bookplate of John Gibson on front pastedown and old ownership stamp on titlepage. Second through fourth volumes with old institutional stamp and contemporary ownership signature on pastedowns or fly leaves, additional signature on titlepage, and old institutional stamp on lower edge of text block. Despite flaws, a very good set.

The first published reports of the United States Supreme Court, covering the cases which appeared before the Court from its inception in 1790 through 1800, and covering the chief justiceships of John Jay and Oliver Ellsworth. The first volume, which is made up entirely of cases in Pennsylvania before the establishment of the Supreme Court, is present in the second edition. The other three volumes, which contain Supreme Court cases, are all first editions. The period for which cases are covered ends with the seat of government’s move to Washington and John Marshall’s assuming the chief justiceship (the succeeding series of reports, by William Cranch, takes up where Dallas leaves off ). Alexander Dallas was born in Jamaica and came to the U.S. as a young lawyer in 1783. He quickly rose to prominence as an attorney, writer, Secretary of Pennsylvania, district attorney under Jefferson, and Secretary of the Treasury under Madison. As one of the chief lawyers arguing before the Supreme Court, he decided to collect and report its cases as well as those of Pennsylvania courts. The first volume, originally published in 1790 (here in the second edition of 1806), collects important cases from before the Federal period. The second volume, issued in 1798, includes the very first Supreme Court cases on pages 399-480. Much of this is concerned with the first great constitutional case, Chisholm vs. Georgia, which contested the right of a citizen of one state to sue a citizen of another, and which greatly expanded the federal power over states by determining that such a right existed. The third volume, published in 1799, is almost entirely (the first 466 pages) devoted to the Supreme Court from 1794 to 1799. Herein is a series of landmark constitutional cases, including Georgia vs. Brailsford (1794); Glass vs. Sloop Betsy, which tested the constitutionality of the Neutrality (1794); Penhallow vs. Doane’s Administrators (1795); and perhaps most importantly, Hylton vs. U.S., the first case in which the Court exercised its constitutional right of passing on the constitutionality of a law made by Congress. The fourth volume contains only a short segment (pages 12-46) covering cases in 1800. By the time this was published, Dallas was too absorbed in his work as district attorney and no longer in the city where the Court sat, and he had surrendered the role of being its reporter to William Cranch, who published the first of his series of reports on Marshall’s court in 1804. A landmark series of reports, the first of the United States, tracing the first decade of the Supreme Court and containing decisions of the greatest importance. DAB V, pp.36-38. EVANS 33598, 35374, 22445. SHAW & SHOEMAKER 12384. NAIP w033792. $2500.

Abolition Begins in Connecticut

42. Dana, James: THE AFRICAN SLAVE TRADE. A DISCOURSE DELIVERED IN THE CITY OF NEW-HAVEN, SEPTEMBER 9, 1790, BEFORE THE CONNECTICUT SOCIETY FOR THE PROMOTION OF FREEDOM. New Haven. 1791. 33pp. Half title. Dbd. Light tanning, an occasional fox mark. Good.

An important early American abolitionist tract. An anti-slavery society had been formed in Connecticut in 1790, and the state was in the midst of outlawing the institution altogether at the time. Ezra Stiles, president of Yale University and a former slave owner himself, was president of the Connecticut Society for the Pro- motion of Freedom. Dana uses the Epistle to the Galatians as his starting point, eventually going into great detail on the history of the slave trade in the New World dating back to the 16th century. Statistical tables give the number of slaves in the United States in 1790, and the amounts of slaves imported yearly throughout the 18th century. Dana puts forth Christian reasons and the ideal of the American Revolution in his call for abolition: “Those who profess to understand and regard the principles of liberty should cheerfully unite to abolish slavery.” Dana was then the pastor of the First Congregational Church of New Haven and had a long and distinguished career in the clergy. This is the New York Public Library duplicate copy of this sermon, with their ink stamp on the verso of the titlepage and a pencil note in the hand of Wilberforce Eames, then “Chief of the American History Division,” on the half title. EVANS 23308. SABIN 18413. DUMOND, p.46. $1250.

Yellow Fever in Baltimore, with a Letter from Benjamin Rush

43. Davidge, John B.: [Rush, Benjamin]: A TREATISE ON THE AU- TUMNAL ENDEMIAL EPIDEMICK OF TROPICAL CLIMATES, VULGARLY CALLED THE YELLOW FEVER; CONTAINING ITS ORIGIN, HISTORY, NATURE AND CURE; TOGETHER WITH A FEW REFLECTIONS ON THE PROXIMATE CAUSE OF DISEASES. Baltimore: W. Pechin, 1798. 65,[1]pp. Antique-style half calf and boards, spine gilt, leather label. Expertly washed. Light soiling and wear, heavier to first few leaves. Contemporary ownership inscription of Car- lisle, Pennsylvania physician George D. Foulke on titlepage; later ownership ink stamps on titlepage and final leaf. Very good.

A rare work on yellow fever, the epidemic scourge of the Mid-Atlantic states in the colonial and Federal periods. Austin notes that the appendix was added after the treatise was already at the press, and that it “contains the letter addressed to Governor Thomas Mifflin of Pennsylvania by the physicians of Philadelphia in reply to his request of Nov. 6, 1797 for information on yellow fever. Signed by Benjamin Rush and twelve others, it was also published in 1798 by the Academy of Medicine of Philadelphia under the title: Proofs of the Origin of the Yellow Fever in Philadelphia & Kensington, in the Year 1797.” John B. Davidge (1768-1829) was a Maryland native who studied medicine in Scotland. He returned and set up practice in Baltimore, where he also began lectur- ing to students. This led to the foundation of the College of Medicine of Maryland (now the University of Maryland School of Medicine), of which Davidge was the first dean. Constructed in 1812, Davidge Hall was named for him and remains the oldest medical school building in continuous use in this country. We locate just five copies of this work, at Duke, Houston Academy of Medicine, the Library Company, National Library of Medicine, and University of Pennsyl- vania. Rare. EVANS 33603. ESTC W31651. AUSTIN 626. MINICK 426. $4750.

44. Duncan, William: THE NEW-YORK DIRECTORY AND REGIS- TER FOR THE YEAR 1792 [sic 1793].... New York: Printed for the Edi- tor by T. and J. Swords, 1793. xi,252pp. Lacks plan. 12mo. Original marbled wrappers bound into 19th-century three-quarter morocco and marbled boards, spine gilt with raised bands. Morocco lightly stained. Lower outer corners of front wrapper and front free endpaper of original volume repaired. Overall very good.

The seventh New York directory. In addition to the substantial register of city institutions and services and the directory proper, Duncan’s publication for 1793 includes a “List of Remarkable Events which have taken place from the first discovery of America to the present period” and a “Description of the Slips and Wharves Belonging to the City of New-York.” OCLC locates no copies; Spear and Evans together record three copies. Scarce. EVANS 25422. SPEAR, p.234. $3750.

The First Thorough American Survey of the Lower Mississippi, and One of the Earliest American Reports on West Florida

45. Ellicott, Andrew: THE JOURNAL OF ANDREW ELLICOTT, LATE COMMISSIONER ON BEHALF OF THE UNITED STATES DURING PART OF THE YEAR 1796, THE YEARS 1797, 1798, 1799, AND PART OF THE YEAR 1800: FOR DETERMINING THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND THE POSSESSIONS OF HIS CATHO- LIC MAJESTY IN AMERICA, CONTAIN- ING OCCASIONAL REMARKS ON THE SITUATION, SOIL, RIVERS, NATURAL PRODUCTIONS, AND DISEASES OF THE DIFFERENT COUNTRIES ON THE OHIO, MISSISSIPPI, AND GULF OF MEXICO.... Philadelphia: William Fry, 1814. vii,299,151pp. Errata leaf. Fourteen engraved folding maps and charts. Quarto. Contemporary tree calf, spine gilt, red morocco label. Very good. Prove- nance: Samuel Mickle (early signature on titlepage).

Following his work on laying out the plans and surveys for Washington, D.C., Ellicott was appointed commissioner to determine the boundary between the United States and Spanish Florida. His travels, occupying four years, covered the Mississippi Valley, Florida, and the southern hinterlands. First published in 1803, the text provides a detailed summary of his work, while the maps show the borders and the region in far more detail than they had been illustrated previously. At the time of the Louisiana Purchase this was one of the foremost authorities available on the region, and Ellicott’s surveys and mentoring would have a profound influence on Meriwether Lewis, whom he advised at the request of Thomas Jefferson. The present copy is a scarce example of the first edition, second issue, that is, comprised of the sheets of the 1803 first edition but with a cancel titlepage on wove paper bearing the 1814 imprint of William Fry. GRAFF 1230 (1803 ed). HOWES E94. SABIN 22216. $7500.

46. Elliot, Jonathan: THE DEBATES, RESOLUTIONS, AND OTHER PROCEEDINGS, IN CONVENTION, ON THE ADOPTION OF THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION, AS RECOMMENDED BY THE GENERAL CONVENTION AT PHILADELPHIA, ON THE 17th OF SEPTEMBER, 1787: WITH THE YEAS AND NAYS ON THE DECISION OF THE MAIN QUESTION. Washington: Print- ed by and for the editor, 1827-1830. Four volumes. viii,358,8; viii,33-487; [vii],[17]-404; [viii],xvi,[17]-416,[8]pp. Contemporary sheep, spine with raised bands, red and black gilt morocco labels. A few joints starting. Scattered foxing. One leaf in first volume torn straight across from foredge to gutter, affecting only one line of text on each page. Very good.

Records the state ratification debates on the Constitution, of great importance in American constitutional history. The first three volumes include the debates in Massachusetts, New York, Virginia, Pennsylvania, and North and South Carolina. The supplementary fourth volume contains the journal and debates regarding the Federal convention “with the constitution of the United States, illustrated by the opinions of twenty successive congresses, and a digest of decisions in the courts of the Union, involving constitutional principles.” These additional records were intended to show “the rise, progress, present condition, and practice of the constitution, in the national legislature and legal tribunals of the republic.” A fine collection of the debates with related documents. A second edition of the work was published in 1836, and a fifth volume was printed in 1845. HOWES E98. $2000.

47. [Episcopal Church]: [New York]: JOURNAL OF THE CONVEN- TION OF THE PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH, OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, HELD IN THE CITY OF NEW-YORK, – FROM TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 6th, 1787 – TO TUESDAY, OC- TOBER 13th, 1791. New York: Hugh Gaine, 1792. 32pp. Loose gatherings, remnants of stitching. Light wear, a few minor spots of foxing. Very good.

Summary of the conventions held by the Protestant Episcopal Church of New York State for 1787 to 1791. The final pages contain the “Canons for the government of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America, agreed on and ratified in the General Convention of said church, held in the city of Philadelphia, from the 29th day of September to the 16th day of October, 1789.” Fewer than ten copies noted by ESTC. EVANS 24720. ESTC W27496. $1250.

The Extremely Rare Fourth Issue of One of the Most Important Early Maps of the United States: The Streeter Copy

48. Faden, William: THE UNITED STATES OF NORTH AMERICA WITH THE BRITISH & SPANISH TERRITORIES ACCORD- ING TO THE TREATY OF 1784. [London]: Wm. Faden, Feb. 11, 1785. Copper-engraved map, with full original color. Sheet size: 20¾ x 26½ inches. Trimmed to plate mark in bottom margin, neatlines intact; mounted on silk mending a split at center fold; large lateral margins. Very good.

Faden’s sequence of maps of the United States represents one of the most important cartographic depictions of the newly independent republic. The present map is the fourth issue of the fourteen total appellations (including the parent plan and thirteen subsequent issues), and is one of the extremely rare first five appellations of this series which almost never appear on the market. The Faden sequence comprises a critical and fascinating series of historical documents regarding the political development of the United States, especially since each issue captures a distinct stage in America’s process of transformative change. The present map depicts the United States with its new boundaries as determined at the end of the Revolutionary War, as ratified at the Treaty of Paris, signed on Sept, 3, 1783 (the Treaty went into effect in April 1784). The map is beautifully colored to identify American, British, and Spanish territories, and the coasts of Newfoundland (then rich in cod) to which the French were granted fishing rights. The Treaty of Paris settlement established the new United States from the Atlantic to the Mississippi. Unfortunately, the source of the Mississippi had not been determined, although the map provides two possible “Mississippi River by Conjecture” sites. Consequently no definitive northwestern border could be determined. Streeter notes that the locations of potential sources of the Mississippi were moved somewhat in this issue from previous versions. More relevantly, we note open western borders for every state from Georgia to Pennsylvania except South Carolina. The boundaries between New York, the Iroquois Nation, and Pennsylvania are non-existent; but Vermont, although not yet a ratified state, has been inserted between New York and New Hampshire, the beginning of a settlement of an old quarrel. Maine is part of Massachusetts and divided between the “Main” and “Sagahadok” regions. The land west of the Appalachians but east of the Mississippi, while theoreti- cally apportioned to the United States, is shown to actually be in the possession of the various native tribes. British hopes for this region lay very much with them. By the Treaty of Paris, Spain, who had allied themselves with France, took back possession of Florida from Britain, and the vast Louisiana Territory from France. England and Spain were now the predominant North American powers, with the fledgling United States relatively minor. The composition is completed by an extremely fine title cartouche, which depicts a scene in which slaves prepare barrels, bundles, and bales for export. This cartouche appeared on several incarnations of this map, and it points to a couple of interesting aspects of the British perception of America: one, America’s continuance of slavery, declarations of rights and freedom notwithstanding; and two, the benefits of commerce to both nations. In fact, trade between the two countries resumed soon after the war despite French protestations. Stevens & Tree, “Comparative Cartography,” in Tooley, THE MAPPING OF AMERICA 80(d). PHILLIPS, MAPS, p.865. STREETER SALE 3784 (this copy). $18,500.

The French Filson, with the Map

49. [Filson, John]: HISTOIRE DE KENTUCKE, NOUVELLE COL- ONIE A L’OUEST DE LA VIRGINIE.... Paris. 1785. [4],xvi,234pp. plus folding map. Half title. Contemporary French mottled calf, spine gilt extra, leather label, patterned endpapers. Extremities rubbed. Contemporary ownership inscription on front fly leaf. Internally clean. Very good plus.

The first French edition of Filson’s pioneering history of the settlements in Kentucky, issued the year after the extremely rare Wilmington, Delaware edition. “The most famous and important frontier book of the period...particularly important for the first map of Kentucky and the first published life of Daniel Boone” (Vail), including an account of Boone’s captivity. W.R. Jillson, in the introduction to his reprint of Filson, says Filson “has left to posterity a priceless tale of early days in Kentucky, which, for stirring action and regional description, has rarely been equalled as a piece of frontier writing in any part of the country, and never surpassed.” The map was the first to provide an accurate delineation of Kentucky, and this is the first obtainable edition, as the American first is known in only a few copies. HOWES F129. VAIL 726. SABIN 24338. CLARK II:23. CHURCH 1212. FIELD 536. AYER 99. VAUGHAN 105. $3250.

Stunningly Beautiful Aquatint Views

50. Fisher, George Bulteel: [After Edy, J.W., engraver]: [SIX VIEWS IN NORTH AMERICA, FROM ORIGINAL DRAWINGS MADE ON THE SPOT, BY LIEUTENANT FISHER, OF THE ROYAL AR- TILLERY. ENGRAVED IN AQUA TINTA BY J.W. EDY]. London: J.W. Edy, 1795-1796. Six aquatints, printed in sepia. Sheet size: 21¼ x 28½ inches. Wide margins. Two with expert repairs to splits at plate mark, else very good.

A very rare complete series of stunningly beautiful aquatint views of North America. “Probably the most beautiful prints of Canada ever published” – Spendlove. The views are captioned as follows:

1) “View on the St Anns or Grand River” 2) “View of St Anthonys Nose, on the North River, Province of New York” 3) “View of the River St Lawrence, Fall of Montmorenci from the Island of Orleans” 4) “Fall of Montmorenci, 246 perpendicular feet” 5) “View of the Falls of Chaudière” 6) “View of Cape Diamond, Plains of Abraham and part of the Town of Quebec and River St. Lawrence”

A beautiful set of aquatints produced by J.W. Edy, after the original artwork of George Bulteel Fisher. Lieutenant Fisher had already established himself as a respected artist, having exhibited at the Royal Academy, when he came to Canada as aide-de-camp to the commander-in-chief of the Canadian forces in Nova Scotia, Prince Edward (later the Duke of Kent, father of Queen Victoria). These images of some of Canada’s most striking landscapes were executed during the four years of their tour of duty, and were dedicated by the artist to his royal patron. John William Edy, as talented in aquatint as Fisher was with a brush, executed these prints in 1795-96. The series has long been considered among the most beautiful images of early Canada to be published. These prints are renowned for their sweeping, dramatic portrayal of the Cana- dian landscape. In each are found Indians (engaged in various activities), ships, or other devices enabling the artist to add perspective to the romantic landscapes. Of particular note is the view on the St. Ann’s, about which the noted authority on early Canadian illustration, George Spendlove, writes: “[t]his is probably the highest development of the Romance Landscape in the iconography of Canada.” Together, the six views provide an excellent sense of 18th-century Canada as it would appear to her colonists, being at once both harsh and intimidating, while still possessing a certain peace that Spendlove credits to “the Divine Almighty Architect.” A superb suite of prints, virtually unattainable. SPENDLOVE, p.22. $35,000.

Franklin Escorted by Lady Liberty

51. [Franklin, Benjamin]: [PORTION OF THE PRINTED TEXTILE DEPICTING “THE APOTHEOSIS OF FRANKLIN”]. [England. ca. 1785]. 13½ x 11 inches. Framed. Printed on cotton in brown ink. Contempo- rary cloth border, stitched. Lightly soiled. Very good.

Portion of a larger printed textile entitled “The Apotheosis of Franklin,” this piece shows Franklin standing next to Lady Liberty, each of them holding one end of a banner which reads: “Where Liberty is, there dwells my country.” In his other hand Franklin holds a scroll, while Liberty holds a pole with a liberty cap perched atop it. The further images on the textile (not present here) show Washington driving a chariot drawn by leopards, with an allegorical figure of America seated beside him holding a plaque which reads: “American Independance [sic] 1776.” Ahead of Washington’s chariot, two Indians bear trumpets draped with flags of the Revolu- tion. The Liberty Tree and two putti holding a map of America are also featured. A full panel of the cloth measures thirty-six inches wide and could be purchased by the yard, in a repeating fashion. This textile probably came from the collection of celebrated Americanist R.H.T. Halsey, one of the founders of the American Wing of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. THREADS OF HISTORY 8. $5000.

52. Franklin, Benjamin: WORKS OF THE LATE DOCTOR BENJA- MIN FRANKLIN: CONSISTING OF HIS LIFE WRITTEN BY HIMSELF, TOGETHER WITH ESSAYS, HUMOROUS, MORAL & LITERARY, CHIEFLY IN THE MANNER OF THE SPECTA- TOR. London: Printed for G.G.J. and J. Robinson, [1793]. Two volumes. [iii]-ix,[3],317; [6],268pp. plus errata. Contemporary tree calf, gilt leather labels. Extremities worn, front hinge of first volume cracking but sound. Later ownership stamp in each volume. Internally very clean. Very good.

The rare first English edition, first issue of Franklin’s work, with the errata called for by Ford. “A collection of the ‘popular’ pieces of Franklin, together with a re- translation of the autobiography from the French translation of Gibelin, and Stu- ber’s continuation. The editing was done by Benjamin Vaughan, who has clearly made use of his MS. copy of the autobiography in the re-translation. The work was prepared for publication in 1791, but withheld on account of Temple Franklin’s announcement of an edition of his grandfather’s writings. An additional volume of Franklin’s scientific writings was also announced, but never printed” – Ford. “A part of Franklin’s Autobiography appears here in English for the first time” – Goodspeed. FORD 437. HOWES F323. SABIN 25600. GOODSPEED 524:88. ESTC T56600. $6500.

First French Language Newspaper Printed in Boston

53. [French-American Newspaper]: COURIER DE BOSTON, AFFICH- ES, ANNONCES, ET AVIS. Boston: Samuel Hall, April 23 – Oct. 15, 1789. Seventeen issues of 8pp. each, continuously paged, lacking issues 9-10, 12, 16, and 19-23. Quarto. Scattered foxing and mildewing. First and last issues tanned. Good. Untrimmed. In a red cloth clamshell case, leather label.

The first French language newspaper published in Boston, and the second in the United States. “An undated Prospectus was issued in an octavo pamphlet of eight pages. The paper was of quarto size, paged and eight pages to the issue. The name of the editor is not given in the imprint, but Isaiah Thomas, in his History of Print- ing, 1874, vol. 1, p.178, states that the paper was printed for Joseph Nancrede, who taught French at Harvard College” – Brigham. This appears to be only the second French newspaper published in the United States, preceded only by the Courier de l’Amerique in Philadelphia, which ran from July through October, 1784. This paper is full of current American news, with extensive coverage of the beginnings of the federal government. A nice run of the paper, in original condition. EVANS 21773. BRIGHAM, p.285. George Parker Winship, “Two or Three Boston News- papers” in Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America (Vol. 14, pp.57-81), 1920. $2850.

First American Edition of the French Constitution of 1795

54. [French Constitution]: CONSTITUTION OF THE FRENCH RE- PUBLIC, OFFERED TO THE FRENCH PEOPLE, BY THE NA- TIONAL CONVENTION AND RATIFIED BY THE PEOPLE, IN PRIMARY ASSEMBLIES MET. Translated from a Correct French Original. Philadelphia: Printed and sold by Benj. Franklin Bache, 1795. 59pp. Modern half morocco and marbled boards. Minor tanning to text. Very good.

The events of the French Revolution were followed with the keenest interest in America. As the excesses in France grew, American reaction split along emerg- ing political lines, with the Federalists expressing revulsion while the Democrats were more supportive. The French Constitution of 1793 collapsed with the end of the Terror, and this new constitution, which created the Directory, was instituted. This is the first American edition in English of that new constitution, published by the Democratic grandson of Franklin, Benjamin Franklin Bache. Bache also published an edition in French the same year. It would have keenly interested the politicians of that year, both from a party and foreign relations viewpoint. The NUC locates eight copies. EVANS 28694. $1500.

55. Fulton, Robert: A TREATISE ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF CA- NAL NAVIGATION; EXHIBITING THE NUMEROUS ADVAN- TAGES TO BE DERIVED FROM SMALL CANALS...WITH A DESCRIPTION OF THE MACHINERY FOR FACILITATING CONVEYANCE BY WATER THROUGH THE MOST MOUN- TAINOUS COUNTRIES, INDEPENDENT OF LOCKS AND AQ- UEDUCTS.... London. 1796. xvi,144pp. plus seventeen plates (without the leaves of advertisements called for by Howes). Quarto. Original boards. Spine chipped. Hinges cracked, with old glue repairs. Internally quite clean. Overall just about very good. In a half green morocco clamshell box.

First edition, the state with text (“Addition”) on page 144. Fulton was a skilled artist, inventor, and civil engineer. A native of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, he spent twenty years in England developing his talents and inventions. His chief work was in the design of canal systems, so important to commercial activity in 19th-century America, and in the development of steamboats. The engraved plates for Fulton’s Treatise... are after original drawings executed by the author himself. They represent mechanical designs and boats to show “the numerous advantages to be derived from small canals.” “He signed himself [on the titlepage of this work] ‘Robert Fulton, Civil Engineer,’ which was the first formal announcement of his new occupation. Copies of this treatise were sent to Gen. Washington and the governor of Pennsylvania. It not only dealt with the practical contrivances for canals and the technicalities of his own inventions, but also contained complete and accurate computations of all construction and operating costs. It contained, too, much prophecy in regard to the economic and political advantages which would accrue to nations adopting great inland systems of canals” – DAB. HOWES F418. SABIN 26201. ESTC T101123. DAB VII, pp.68-72. $2500.

First Edition of a Great American Maritime Rarity, with Important Contemporary Provenance, and Eight Pages of Manuscript Sailing Instructions

56. Furlong, Lawrence: THE AMERICAN COAST PILOT; CON- TAINING, THE COURSES AND DISTANCES FROM BOSTON TO ALL THE PRINCIPAL HARBOURS, CAPES AND HEAD- LANDS INCLUDED BETWEEN PASSAMAQUADY AND THE CAPES OF VIRGINIA – WITH DIRECTIONS FOR SAILING INTO, AND OUT OF, ALL THE PRINCIPAL PORTS AND HAR- BOURS...ALSO – COURSES, DIRECTIONS, DISTANCES, &c. &c. FROM THE CAPES OF VIRGINIA, TO THE RIVER MISSIS- SIPPI, FROM THE LATEST SURVEYS AND OBSERVATIONS. (APPROVED BY EXPERIENCED PILOTS AND COASTERS.). Newburyport, Ma.: Blunt and March, 1796. [8],125pp. plus [8]pp. of contemporary manuscript notes on endpapers (see below). Original plain front wrapper, rear wrapper lacking (as is much of the spine paper). Wrapper soiled and edgeworn. Lightly age-toned, an occasional fox mark, some light staining in lower margin of half the text. Many corners folded. In all, a very good copy, in untouched original condition. In a blue half morocco and cloth box, spine gilt.

First edition of the primary American navigational guide, the first such book to be compiled and printed in the United States. This copy bears an exceptional early provenance, having belonged to Portland, Maine ship’s captain Lemuel Moody. Furlong’s work includes detailed sailing directions to many of the east coast harbors and ports, listing courses and distances from Cape Cod and Cape Ann to the mid- Atlantic and all the way south to the Florida Keys. A section at the conclusion gives courses and distances between Passamaquoddy Bay and the Mississippi River. Not only a path-breaking Ameri- can book, it was also crucially important in facilitating trade and commerce in the early years of the Republic. Publisher Edmund Blunt was the moving force behind the publication of Furlong’s work. He also published Nathaniel Bowditch’s New American Practical Navigator in 1802 and the first American edition of John H. Moore’s New Practical Navigator in 1799. Fur- long’s work takes pride of place as the earliest and rarest of native American navigational guides. There are many who have proposed that Lawrence Furlong did not exist, but was instead a pseudonym for Blunt himself. Lawrence Wroth, however, showed that Capt. Furlong (1734-1806) was known as a sailor as early as 1758. Others have asserted that Blunt wrote the majority of the work and only used Furlong’s name for credibility. John Campbell lays all questions to rest in his extensive study of the works of Furlong and Bowditch. Campbell writes that Furlong prepared the manuscript for Blunt in 1795, and in February 1796 deposited the work with the Newburyport Marine Society for the approbation of respected navigators. “Whatever may have been the origin of the Furlong book, there is no question as to the degree of success with which it met, from the beginning, in its busy maritime world” – Wroth. This copy bears the ownership signature on the front free endpaper of “Lemuel Moody 1796 Portland.” Moody (1767-1846) came from a prominent Portland family. As a young boy during the Revolution he carried water to American troops, and later began a career as a ship’s captain. In 1799 he and his crew aboard the Betsey were captured by French privateers during the “Quasi-War” between the United States and France. Shortly thereafter Moody retired from the profession of sailing, and put his energies into the construction and operation of the Portland Observatory, an important maritime signal tower, which served the merchant community of Portland for decades and which helped identify British ships in the area during the War of 1812. In 1825, Moody published a detailed and significant map of Casco Bay, and he was instrumental in the construction of Portland’s Mt. Joy Hospital and in the Portland Marine Society. He has corrected the text in several places, following the instructions in the errata. More significantly, this copy contains eight pages of manuscript notes in Moody’s hand giving directions for anchoring in Cape Cod, for negotiating Sail Rock Passage in Maine, for Sombrero Passage near Anguilla, for the leeward passage of Antigua, among others. Additional manuscript entries give “soundings on Georges Marsh” as well as “Latitudes of Sundries Places observed near to by L.M. corrected.” “The first edition of the first book of sailing directions to be compiled and printed in the United States” – JCB. “A work whose influence upon American shipping is inestimable” – Rosenbach. All early editions of The American Coast Pilot are quite rare, and this first edition is superlatively rare, with only three other copies appearing at auction in the past forty years. The only copies to appear since 1991 sold for $57,600 (at the Frank Streeter sale) in 2007 and for $74,500 in 2011. This is an outstanding, unsophisticated copy, with a noteworthy contemporary provenance and manuscript navigational notes. CAMPBELL 1. HOWES F421, “b.” EVANS 30464. SABIN 26218. NAIP w037187. JCB MARITIME HAND-LIST 447. ADAMS & WATERS 1128. ROSENBACH 19:72. WROTH, SOME AMERICAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE ART OF NAVIGATION, pp.34-36. $95,000.

57. Furlong, Lawrence: THE AMERICAN COAST PILOT; CONTAIN- ING THE COURSES AND DISTANCES BETWEEN THE PRIN- CIPAL HARBOURS, CAPES AND HEADLANDS...Corrected and Improved by the Most Experienced Pilots in the United States. New- buryport, Ma.: Printed by Edmund M. Blunt, 1798. 172,[4],[173]-239,[1] pp. Errata leaf pasted to front pastedown, as usual, and without the scarce “Instruction” leaf. Contemporary calf, rebacked in later calf, leather label. Bookplate on front pastedown. A few final leaves are age-toned, else quite clean internally. Good.

Second edition of the primary American navigational guide, with some one hundred pages of additional material, published without maps or plates, as was the first edition of 1796. The first edition is famously rare; the only copy at auction since 1991 sold for $57,600 at the Frank Streeter sale in 2007. Includes sailing directions to many of the east coast harbors and ports, listing courses and distances from Cape Cod and Cape Ann to George’s Bank, and a tide table. All early editions of The American Coast Pilot are quite rare. HOWES F421. EVANS 33772. SABIN 26219. NAIP w037196. $2500.

58. [Gardiner, John Sylvester John]: REMARKS ON THE JACOBINIAD: REVISED AND CORRECTED BY THE AUTHOR. PART SEC- OND. Boston. 1798. xi,[9]-56pp. Dbd. Minor foxing. Very good.

A rare satirical work by a Federalist poking fun at liberal clubs in Boston under the guise of a literary review of a pretended poem. Attributed to John Sylvester John Gardiner in the DAB. This is the second part; the first part was published separately three years earlier, in 1795. The satirical dedication is addressed to Thomas Jefferson. ESTC only records a dozen copies. EVANS 33779. STODDARD 99. ESTC W21782. $750.

Georgia Land Grant with a Manuscript Map

59. [Georgia]: STATE OF GEORGIA. BY HIS EXCELLENCY GEORGE MATHEWS, CAPTAIN-GENERAL, GOVERNOR, AND COMMANDER IN CHIEF IN AND OVER THE SAID STATE, AND OF THE MILITIA THEREOF...DO GIVE AND GRANT UNTO RICHMOND DAWSON...ONE THOUSAND ACRES.... [Augusta?] 1794. Printed document, approximately 13 x 13 inches, completed in manuscript. With attached smaller printed land survey document with small manuscript map, this second document approximately 10 x 7 inches. Large, heavy wax seal of Georgia hanging by ribbon. Very good and clean.

An impressive printed land grant, completed in manuscript, for 1000 acres of land in Washington County, Georgia, granted by Gov. George Mathews to Richmond Dawson. The document is signed by Mathews as well as the surveyor, George Weatherby, who has included a sketch of the land in question. The land is described as “on the waters of Choopee River, bounded SE and NE by said Dawson’s Land and on all other sides by Vacant Lands.” Governor Mathews had an eventful career, first as a Revolutionary soldier (including a stint as colonel of the Virginia troops in Greene’s Carolina campaign), then as governor of Georgia, and finally as a special agent leading “irregular” activities in attempts to wrest Florida from Spain in 1810-12. In the end the U.S. government repudiated Mathews’ Florida actions, and he died in Augusta a bitter old man. “By his demise the authorities at Washington escaped the consequences of his threat that he’d ‘be dam’d if he didn’t blow them all up,’ and he carried to the grave much evidence that might explain his debatable conduct” – DAB. A handsome Georgia document and unusual early imprint. DAB XII, p.403. $2250.

Land Sales in Georgia

60. [Georgia]: STATE OF FACTS. SHEWING THE RIGHT OF CER- TAIN COMPANIES TO THE LANDS LATELY PURCHASED BY THEM FROM THE STATE OF GEORGIA. [Hartford]. 1795. 64pp. 20th-century red half morocco and cloth, spine gilt. Light, even toning; minor foxing. Very good. Untrimmed.

One of the pamphlets relating to the Yazoo Claims problem. The controversy was a result of the granting of lands by the state of Georgia in the area of present-day Alabama and Mississippi, touching on the course of the Yazoo River. This pamphlet was issued by the Georgia Mississippi Company to defend their rights to the lands they were offering for sale in Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi. The lands were granted to the Company by the Georgia legislature after extensive bribes changed hands, and the case quickly became a major scandal. Georgia rescinded the grant the following year, although the case dragged on in court until 1814. According to Everitt Wilkie, this was printed in Hartford, not Philadelphia as stated in Evans. HOWES G126, “aa.” EVANS 28745. STREETER SALE 1158. DE RENNE I, p.270. VAIL 1027. COHEN 7867. SABIN 27112. DAH V, p.503. $750.

An American Federalist Sammelband

61. [Haiti]: A PARTICULAR ACCOUNT OF THE INSURRECTION OF THE NEGROES OF ST. DOMINGO, BEGUN IN AUGUST, 1791: TRANSLATED FROM THE FRENCH.... [Philadelphia. 1792]. 32pp. Bound with ten other titles (detailed below). Contemporary marbled boards, neatly rebacked in antique-style half calf, gilt, leather label. Contem- porary manuscript contents list on front pastedown, contemporary ownership inscription on fly leaf. Light foxing throughout. Very good.

Fourth edition, with notes and an appendix extracted from authentic original papers. An important narrative of the Haitian Revolution of 1791, recounting the many violent and brutal events to which the inhabitants were subject. The author writes: “At this time, one hundred thousand negroes were in rebellion, and all the buildings and plantations, of more than half the Northern province, appeared only as one general conflagration.” This work is bound with ten other early American imprints, primarily sermons, as detailed below:

1) Aufrer, Anthony: The Cannibals’ Progress; or the Dreadful Horrors of French Inva- sion.... Newburyport, Ma.: Edmund M. Blunt, [1798]. 35,[1]pp. EVANS 33332. 2) [Gifford, John]: A Letter to the Hon. Thomas Erskine.... Philadelphia. [1797]. 128pp. Lacks titlepage and second leaf. EVANS 32191. 3) Tappan, David: A Discourse, Delivered to the Religious Society in Brattle-Street, Bos- ton.... Boston. 1798. 31pp. Half title. Second edition. EVANS 34628. 4) M’Keen, Joseph: Two Discourses, Delivered at Beverly, on the Day of the National Fast, May 9, 1798. Salem, Ma.: Thomas C. Cushing, 1798. 31pp. Half title. EVANS 34039. 5) Prince, John: A Discourse Delivered at Salem, on the Day of the National Fast, May 9, 1798.... Salem, Ma.: Thomas C. Cushing, 1798. 44pp. Half title. EVANS 34414. 6) Osgood, David: Some Facts Evincive of the Atheistical, Anarchical, and in Other Respects, Immoral Principles of the French Republic, Stated in a Sermon Delivered on the 9th of May, 1798.... Boston. 1798. 27pp. Half title. EVANS 34284. 7) Thayer, John: A Discourse, Delivered at the Roman Catholic Church in Boston, on the 9th of May, 1798.... Boston. 1798. 31pp. Half title. EVANS 34646. PARSONS 196. WALGREN 417. 8) Tappan, David: A Discourse Delivered in the Chapel of Harvard College, June 19, 1798.... Boston. 1798. 28pp. EVANS 34629. 9) Eckley, Joseph: A Discourse, Delivered in the Public Thanksgiving Day, November 29, 1798. Boston. 1798. 23pp. Half title. EVANS 33664. 10) Morse, Jedediah: A Sermon, Preached at Charlestown, November 19, 1798, on the Anniversary Thanksgiving in Massachusetts.... Boston. 1798. 74,[6]pp. With the six pages included in the appendix of the second edition, printed separately for those who purchased the first edition. EVANS 34151, 34152.

EVANS 24766. $2500.

Hamilton on the Politics of Peace

62. [Hamilton, Alexander]: A LETTER FROM PHOCION TO THE CONSIDERATE CITIZENS OF NEW-YORK, ON THE POLI- TICS OF THE TIMES, IN CONSEQUENCE OF THE PEACE. Philadelphia: Robert Bell, 1784. 15,[1]pp. Modern green half morocco and cloth, spine gilt. Light to moderate foxing and soiling. Very good.

One of two Philadelphia editions of this influential political tract, after the first New York printing of the same year. Here Hamilton argues some of the points that were to become Federalist creed: compliance with the 1783 peace treaty with the British, an end to attacks on Tories and Tory property, and the submission of the states to the central authority of the United States. It is Hamilton’s third political tract, his first two appearing in 1774 and 1775. “This impression contains, Let- ters on the stage, pp.13-15, and a List of books, 1 page, added by Robert Bell, and probably marks a second edition” – Evans. Scarce. EVANS 18515. FORD 13. NAIP w013451. HOWES H117. HILDEBURN 4486. SABIN 29962. $8500.

The Great Classic of Constitutional Thought

63. Hamilton, Alexander; James Madison; and John Jay: THE FEDER- ALIST: A COLLECTION OF ESSAYS WRITTEN IN FAVOR OF THE NEW CONSTITUTION, AS AGREED UPON BY THE FEDERAL CONVENTION, SEPTEMBER 17, 1787. New York: Printed and sold by John and Andrew M’Lean, 1788. Two volumes bound in one. vi,227; vi,384pp. 12mo. Expertly bound to style in period tree calf. Very good. Provenance: John Guillemard (signature on title).

The rare first edition of the most important work of American political thought ever written and, according to Thomas Jefferson, “the best commentary on the principles of government.” The first edition of The Federalist comprises the first collected printing of the eighty-five seminal essays written in defense of the newly-drafted Constitution. The essays were first issued individually by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay in New York newspapers under the pseudonym Publius to garner support for the ratification of the Con- stitution. The first thirty-six numbers of The Federalist were here published in book form in March 1788, with the remaining forty-nine, together with the text of the Constitution, in May of that year. Upon its publication George Washington noted to Alexander Hamilton that the work “will merit the Notice of Posterity; because in it are candidly and ably discussed the principles of freedom and the topics of government, which will always be interesting to mankind” (George Washington, letter to Hamilton, Aug. 28, 1788). The genesis of this “classic exposition of the principles of republican government” (Bernstein) is to be found in the “great national discussion” which took place about the ratification of the Constitution, and the necessity of answering the salvos in print from the Anti-Federalists and other opponents of a strong federal government. The original plan was that James Madison and John Jay were to help Hamilton write a series of essays explaining the merits of their system, while also rebutting the arguments of its detractors. “Hamilton wrote the first piece in October 1787 on a sloop returning from Albany....He finished many pieces while the printer waited in a hall for the completed copy” – Brookhiser. In the end, well over half of the eighty-five essays were written by Hamilton alone. Despite the intense time pres- sures under which the series was written, “what began as a propaganda tract, aimed only at winning the election for delegates to New York’s state ratifying convention, evolved into the classic commentary upon the American Federal system” (McDonald). This copy with provenance to John Guillemard, an English-born member of a family of Huguenot silk merchants, who toured America in the 1790s in the company of Duc de La Rochefoucauld-Liancourt. Residing in Philadelphia from 1797 to 1799, he served as the final member of the five-person commission established by Jay’s Treaty to arbitrate British creditors’ claims for payment of pre-Revolutionary debts. While in America, Guillemard met with Alexander Hamilton in 1795 and Thomas Jefferson in 1796, among other founding fathers and American notables. Writing to Hamilton in 1803, Guillemard introduces his friend, the Earl of Selkirk, and to “assure you that neither time nor distance have diminished the high sense I entertain of the attentions with which you sometimes honoured me during my residence in the United States.” The Federalist is without question the most important commentary on the Constitution, the most significant American contribution to political theory, and among the most important of all American books. EVANS 21127. GROLIER AMERICAN 100, 19. STREETER SALE 1049. CHURCH 1230. HOWES H114, “c.” COHEN 2818. SABIN 23979. FORD 17. PRINTING AND THE MIND OF MAN 234. R.B. Bernstein, Are We to Be a Nation? The Making of the Con- stitution (1987), p.242. R. Brookhiser, Alexander Hamilton: American (1999), pp.68-69. F. McDonald, Alexander Hamilton: A Biography, p.107. $165,000.

Hamilton Organizes the Way to Pay Down the National Debt

64. [Hamilton, Alexander]: CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES... AN ACT MAKING FURTHER PROVISION FOR THE PAY- MENT OF THE DEBTS OF THE UNITED STATES [caption title]. [New York]: Printed by Francis Childs and John Swaine, [1790]. 4pp. Small folio, a single sheet folded in half. Minor edge wear, a touch of light foxing, else near fine. Untrimmed. In a half morocco box.

The rare original Congressional printing of a crucial act passed Aug. 10, 1790, raising the duties on various imports to fund the payment of the national debt. This act was an important part of Alexander Hamilton’s overall strategy for putting the finances of the infant federal government on a sound basis. Six days before this act was approved Congress passed the important “Assumption Act” by which the federal government assumed the debts incurred by the individual states during the Revo- lution, in exchange for any claim those states had on western lands. Hamilton then proposed to consolidate that debt and required it to be paid down by money taken in as duties on imports. That part of the plan was put in place by the Public Debt Act, passed by Congress two days after this present act. Hamilton’s plan of paying down the federal debt with an increase in duties also served another part of his overall plan, which was to encourage domestic manufactures at the expense of imports. The present act increases duties on a wide variety of goods, wares, and merchandise, including tea, wine, distilled spirits, cheese and a variety of other foods, spices, bricks, marble, walking sticks, blank books, writing paper, etc. A scarce document, with ESTC locating five copies, at the American Antiquarian Society, Historical Society of Pennsylvania, the Library of Congress, New York Public Library, and the Rhode Island Historical Society. EVANS 22965. ESTC W14347, W17366. $12,500.

The Public Credit Report

65. [Hamilton, Alexander]: THE CONNECTICUT COURANT, AND WEEKLY INTELLIGENCER. Hartford: Printed by Hudson and Good- win, Feb. 4, 1790. 4pp. Folio newspaper. Dbd. Tanned, else quite clean and very good.

This number of The Connecticut Courant... contains the text of Hamilton’s public credit report of Jan. 9, 1790. This was Hamilton’s first major report as the first Secretary of the Treasury, and one of the greatest American state papers. This document laid the ground work for Hamilton’s campaign to restore the credit of the United States and define the role of the federal government in the new Union. It was also the catalyst for the creation of opposing political parties in the bitter debate which ensued over Hamilton’s proposals. Much of our political and governmental system springs from this document. $2000.

The First French Edition of The Federalist

66. Hamilton, Alexander; James Madison; and John Jay: LE FÉDÉRALI- STE, OU COLLECTION DE QUELQUES ÉCRITS EN FAVEUR DE LA CONSTITUTION PROPOSÉE AUX ÉTATS-UNIS DE L’AMÉRIQUE, PAR LA CONVENTION CONVOQUÉE EN 1787 .... Paris: Chez Buisson, 1792. Two volumes. [5],xxii-lii,366; [4],511pp. Half title in each volume. Contemporary French speckled calf, spines gilt, gilt morocco labels. A few instances of neat, contemporary ink marginalia. Light staining in upper margin of second half of first volume. Overall, a very handsome set in lovely original condition.

First French edition, variant issue, of this classic of American political theory. This is also the first edition to identify the otherwise anonymous authors, Alexan- der Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay. Another French edition, with a long introduction by M. Tru- daine de la Sablière, the French translator, was also published by Buisson in 1792, and its omission explains the pagination in the present item. The present variant retains the original titlepage, with John Jay’s name misspelled as “Gay,” and uses the same sheets from the other 1792 printing. This French translation was the first to appear after the original first printing of 1788, in accord with the definite sympathies which existed between the two countries. HOWES H114, “aa.” SABIN 23993. FORD 18. GROLIER AMERICAN 100, 19. PRINTING AND THE MIND OF MAN 234. $6500.

Second Edition of the Famed Hamilton “Manufactures Report”

67. Hamilton, Alexander: REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY OF THE UNITED STATES, ON THE SUBJECT OF MANUFACTURES. PRESENTED TO THE HOUSE OF REPRE- SENTATIVES, DECEMBER 5, 1791. Dublin: Re-Printed by P. Byrne, 1792. 88pp. Modern three-quarter calf and marbled boards, spine gilt, leather label. Slight age toning and soiling. Final leaf with some soiling and wear, minutely affecting text. Overall, very good.

The scarce Dublin edition, and second edition overall, which preceded the London edition by one year, of “one of the great American state papers, ‘the Magna Carta of industrial America’” (Howes). In this report Hamilton first set down in a formal way the economic principles by which he expected to see the new nation expand its manufacturing base. He compiled his report with the objective of encouraging American industry to compete with European imports and free the country from its dependence on foreign goods. “As the successive reports of the Secretary were studied, the scale of his ideas gradually became evident. He was not merely plan- ning a fiscal system, but doing it in such a way as to strengthen the central government and develop the resources of the country, to stimulate trade and capitalistic enterprises, and to bring about a more symmetrical balance between agriculture and industry” – DAB. Hamilton’s report can now be seen as the genesis of American manufacturing might. At the time, it was the only one of his major reports which failed to get a favorable reception from the House of Representatives, to whom it was submitted. Thomas Atwood Digges was responsible for publishing this edition. Digges wrote to Hamilton on April 6, 1792:

It was with much pleasure & attention I very lately read Your Report to Con- gress on the Subject of Manufactures, which I found published in the New York Papers in Numbers compleated to the end. In this quarter American Books are very rarely to be met, & when sent as presents, little read & not attended to. This induc’d me to take the liberty with your book of having it republished at my Expence 1000 Copys price 1/ – by Byrne Book sellers in Dublin in order to distribute it with ease, & for disseminating its information among many Manufactoring Societys here as well as in England, (where I will take 3 or 400 Copys in a few days) and by so getting it read, induce artists to move towards a Country so likely to very soon give them ample employ & domestic ease.

Digges was an interesting character and active American patriot during and after the Revolution, though there is some conjecture that Digges was a double agent acting for the British during this time. He was the scion of a prominent Maryland family, but also a kleptomaniac and a generally dishonest figure whose vehement detractors included Benjamin Franklin, who had good reason to believe that Digges had embezzled funds intended for American prisoners in England. In fact, it seems that almost everyone distrusted Digges except his neighbor across the Potomac, George Washington, who defended Digges as a patriot who “has not only been friendly, but I might add zealous” in his efforts for the American side during the Revolution. In any case, Digges was engaged in industrial piracy and espionage for the Americans in Ireland when Hamilton’s report came to prominence, and he reprinted the famous Hamilton tract to encourage artisans to emigrate to the United States to further enhance the American economy. This edition ends with a brief “Note from the Editor” describing the incorporation of the National Manufacturing Society near Newark. This report was first printed in a folio format in Philadelphia in 1791. SABIN 29978. FORD 202. HOWES H123. HENDRICKSON, HAMILTON II, pp.90- 95. $12,500. Hamilton’s Last Budget: The Federal Appropriation for 1795, Signed by Secretary of State Edmund Randolph

68. [Hamilton, Alexander]: [Randolph, Edmund]: [United States Budget]: THIRD CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES...AN ACT MAK- ING APPROPRIATIONS FOR THE SUPPORT OF GOVERN- MENT FOR THE YEAR ONE THOUSAND SEVEN HUNDRED AND NINETY FIVE [caption title]. Philadelphia. 1795. [3]pp. Folio. Old fold lines. Very minor soiling. Very good.

An official copy, signed by Secretary of State Edmund Randolph, of an act passed by the Third Congress, listing the appropriations for the federal budget for 1795. It includes salaries for the various government officials (the president and vice president combined received $30,000); expenses such as firewood, stationery, printing, candles, “and other contingent expenses” of various offices, as well as for the creation of the mint, including the purchase of land and a building to house the mint, and a coining press. The budget also provides for pensions, and for the care of the widow and orphaned children of two army officers. This is the final budget devised by Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton, who left office at the end of January 1795. “Approved, January the second, 1795” and signed in print by Speaker of the House Frederick Augustus Muhlen- berg, Vice President John Adams, and President George Washington. Two states of this imprint are noted. One, Evans 29688, includes a statement of deposition, “Deposited among the rolls in the Office of the Secretary of State. Secretary of State,” and is signed by Secretary of State Edmund Randolph. The other, Bristol B9364, is without this statement. The copy at hand is the former, signed by Secretary of State Edmund Randolph. NAIP locates only one copy with the deposition statement, at the Library of Congress. Scarce in either format, and particularly rare with the signature of the Secretary of State. Edmund Randolph became the second Secretary of State on Jan. 2, 1794, succeeding Thomas Jefferson, who resigned at the end of 1793. He continued the practice begun in the First Congress of the Secretary of State signing a small number of “official” copies of Congressional acts for distribution to the States and important government officials. After the Third Congress official acts were no longer signed in manuscript by the Secretary of State. EVANS 29688. NAIP w014574. $6000.

The Second Edition of The Federalist

69. [Hamilton, Alexander; James Madison; and John Jay]: THE FED- ERALIST, ON THE NEW CONSTITUTION. BY PUBLIUS. WRITTEN IN 1788. TO WHICH IS ADDED, PACIFICUS, ON THE PROCLAMATION OF NEUTRALITY. WRITTEN IN 1793. LIKEWISE, THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION, WITH ALL THE AMENDMENTS.... New York: Printed and sold by George F. Hopkins, 1802. Two volumes. viii,317,[1]pp., with two pages numbered 167 and two pages numbered 168 as noted on the errata sheet, and with page numbering 263-270 repeated; v,[3],351pp. Contemporary sheep, gilt morocco label on first volume (lacking from second volume). Hinges of second volume repaired, boards quite rubbed and edgeworn. Contemporary ownership signature on titlepage of each volume. Moderate tanning and staining. Good. In cloth chemises and half morocco and cloth slipcases, spines gilt.

Styled the “revised and corrected” edition on the titlepage, with additions to the first edition of 1788. “Most famous and influential American political work. Written in collaboration with Jay and Madison” – Howes. Ford attributes editorship of this edition to John Wells, although Sabin attributes it to William Coleman, noting it as “the last issued during Hamilton’s life....” This edition is expanded by the addition of the federal constitution and the first eleven amendments, and a series of articles written by Hamilton under the pseudonym “Pacifi- cus,” defending Washington’s “Neutral- ity Proclamation” of 1793 regarding the Anglo-French war. Arguably the most complete edition, and the only other English language edition issued in Ham- ilton’s lifetime, in the preface it identifies Hamilton, Jay, and Madison as the authors but does not specify who wrote which essays; “it was at first intended to mark the numbers distinctly which were written by each; but considerations have since occurred which would perhaps render this measure improper.” Clearly issued by Hamilton partisans, the preface implies that virtually all of it was Hamilton’s work, and the republication of the Pacificus essays (written in opposition to Madison) confirms the Hamiltonian slant. FORD 21. HOWES H114, “aa.” COHEN 2818. SABIN 23981. DAB XI, pp. 312-13. Ron Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, pp.44, 48, 188, 603-6. $14,000.

Memorial Portrait of Alexander Hamilton: The First United States Secretary of the Treasury

70. [Hamilton, Alexander]: Robertson, Archibald: Rollinson, William (engraver & publisher): ALEXANDER HAMILTON, MAJOR GENER- AL OF THE ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY &c. &c. New York: Published at the Columbia Academy of Painting & by William Rollinson, Sept. 1, 1804. Colored stipple engraving by William Rollinson, after Archibald Robertson. Sheet size: 21¾ x 16½ inches. Expert restoration in the lower margin, else very good. See cover of this catalogue.

First state of two, and called by Shadwell “the finest American stipple engraving.” Alexander Hamilton died of the wounds he received in a duel with Vice President Aaron Burr on July 12, 1804. Hamilton was a leading American statesman, financier, and political theorist, a constitutional lawyer par excellence, and a man with an international reputation. Talleyrand once said: “I consider Napoleon, Fox, and Hamilton the three greatest men of our epoch, and if I were forced to decide between the three, I would give without hesitation the first place to Hamilton.” The present work, a joint publishing venture between artist and engraver, was published within eight weeks of Hamilton’s death and was clearly intended as a memorial to a man who was also an important figure within the State of New York. Hamilton, elegantly dressed, is shown beside a table upon which books and documents lie, including two docketed “Liberty of the Press,” and “Carriage Tax.” Books on a shelf beside him resemble the two-volume 1802 edition of The Federalist, of which he was a primary author, and nearby is a document entitled “Report on Funding the Public Debt.” Above these are shown Hamilton’s sword, military cap, and a rolled map, commemorating his Revolutionary War service as George Washing- ton’s aide-de-camp. In pose and setting, it is reminiscent of John Trumbull’s 1804 portrait of Hamilton Archibald Robertson was born in Scotland and received his initial art training there before moving to London, where he studied with both Sir Joshua Reynolds and Benjamin West. He was invited to America by Dr. John Kemp of Columbia College and arrived in 1791. In 1792 he was joined by his brother, Alexander, also an artist, and together they operated the Columbian Academy of Painting, one of the earliest art schools in America. The Academy is given as one of the two addresses from which the present print was available. The other address is that of English-born engraver William Rollinson. STAUFFER 2709. SHADWELL, AMERICAN PRINTMAKING “THE FIRST 150 YEARS” 93 (“first state”). Harry MacNeill Bland & Virginia W. Northcott, “The Life Por- traits of Alexander Hamilton” in William & Mary Quarterly (April 1955), pp.187-98, fig. 13. $13,500.

71. [Hamilton, Alexander]: REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY, ON THE SUBJECT OF A NATIONAL BANK, MADE THE THIRTEENTH DAY OF DECEMBER, 1790. Wash- ington. 1810. 62pp. Antique-style three-quarter calf and marbled boards. Very good. Lacks the folding chart.

The second edition of Hamilton’s famous report of 1790 on the matter of a national bank. The fight over the Bank led to the violent division of Congress into the first American political parties. This edition contains a brief report by then Secretary of the Treasury Albert Gallatin, praying for a renewal of the charter of the Bank of the United States. SHAW & SHOEMAKER 21860. $3000. The Extremely Rare First Edition

72. Harbison, Massy: A NARRATIVE OF THE SUFFERINGS OF MASSY HARBISON, FROM INDIAN BARBARITY, GIVING AN ACCOUNT OF HER CAPTIVITY, THE MURDER OF HER TWO CHILDREN, HER ESCAPE, WITH AN INFANT AT HER BREAST; TOGETHER WITH SOME ACCOUNT OF THE CRU- ELTIES OF THE INDIANS, ON THE ALLEGHENY RIVER, &c. DURING THE YEARS, 1790, ’91, ’92, ’93, ’94. COMMUNICATED BY HERSELF. Pittsburgh: Printed by S. Engles, 1825. 66pp. 12mo. Con- temporary half muslin and paper boards. Boards quite worn and rubbed. Front free endpaper torn. Old stain in upper outer corner of titlepage and first three leaves of text. Tanning and foxing. A very decent copy, in original, unsophisticated condition. In a half morocco box.

The very rare first edition of this classic Indian captivity set on the Ohio-Pennsylvania frontier. In 1792, Harbison and her infant child were kidnapped from their home on the Allegheny River by Indians. Her two young sons were scalped, and she was held captive for two days before making a daring escape with her child and eventually reaching Fort Pitt. Includes an account of the defeat of St. Clair in 1791, based on otherwise unpublished dispatches. The Siebert copy fetched $18,400 in 1999. SABIN 30291. HOWES H179, “b.” AYER 335. FIELD 650. CHURCH 1332. GRAFF 1775. THOMSON 502. AMERICAN IMPRINTS 20806. SIEBERT SALE 980. $16,000.

The Authorization to Build the Hatteras Lighthouse, Signed by Secretary of State Edmund Randolph

73. [Hatteras Lighthouse]: [Randolph, Edmund]: THIRD CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES...AN ACT TO ERECT A LIGHT- HOUSE ON THE HEAD-LAND OF CAPE HATTERAS; AND A LIGHTED BEACON ON SHELL CASTLE ISLAND IN THE HARBOR OF OCCACOCK IN THE STATE OF NORTH CARO- LINA [caption title]. Philadelphia. 1794. Broadside, 13¼ x 8 inches. Minor foxing and soiling, slight edge wear, old fold lines. Very good.

An important act passed by the Third Congress, authorizing the construction of the lighthouse at Cape Hatteras, one of the most prominent navigation landmarks on the East Coast. Although this act was passed in 1794, construction did not actually begin until 1799, and the lighthouse was not put into use until 1803. “The Cape Hatteras Lighthouse protects one of the most hazardous sections of the Atlantic Coast. Offshore of Cape Hatteras, the Gulf Stream collides with the Virginia Drift, a branch of the Labrador Current from Canada. This current forces southbound ships into a dangerous twelve-mile long sandbar called Diamond Shoals. Hundreds and possibly thousands of shipwrecks in this area have given it the reputation as the ‘Graveyard of the Atlantic’” – National Park Service. “Approved – May the thirteenth 1794” and signed in print by Speaker of the House Frederick Augustus Muhlenberg, Vice President John Adams, and President George Washington. Variant states of other acts of the Third Congress are known, and this issue is that which also has the printed lines “Deposited among the Rolls in the Office of the Secretary of State” and “Secretary of State,” and signed in manuscript by the second Secretary of State, Edmund Randolph. NAIP locates copies at the Library of Congress, Rhode Island Historical Society, and the American Antiquarian Society; OCLC locates just three more. Edmund Randolph became the second Secretary of State on Jan. 2, 1794, succeeding Thomas Jefferson, who resigned at the end of 1793. He continued the practice begun in the First Congress of the Secretary of State signing a small number of “official” copies of Congressional acts for distribution to the States and important government officials. After the Third Congress official acts were no longer signed in manuscript by the Secretary of State. EVANS 27853. NAIP w028062. OCLC 20447408. $2750.

Philadelphia When It Was the Capital of the United States

74. Hills, John: THIS PLAN OF THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS, SHEWING THE IMPROVED PARTS, IS DEDICATED TO THE MAYOR, ALDERMEN AND CITIZENS THEREOF. London: John & Josiah Boydell, Jan. 1, 1798. Copper-engraved map by John Cooke, printed on a single elephant folio sheet of paper (water- marked “James Whatman Turkey Mill Kent 1794”), with 54 numbered references. Sheet size: 27¾ x 38 inches. Very good. Provenance: Martin P. Snyder.

The Snyder copy of the best map of Philadelphia published during its time as the capital of the United States. Hills was one of the most talented and prolific British surveyors working during the Revolutionary War, serving as an ensign in the 38th regiment and later as a lieutenant in the 23rd. During the Philadelphia Campaign of 1777-78 and later actions in the New Jersey theatre, Hills drafted a magnificent series of manuscript battle plans, and larger regional campaign maps. After the war Hills seems to have settled in Philadelphia. He is first listed in Biddle’s 1791 directory as a surveyor and draughtsman on Mulberry Street, but two extant manuscript maps located in the Philadelphia City Archives show him active in the city as early as 1788. In 1796 he drafted this impressive map, receiving the commendation of the mayor, Matthew Clarkson. To ensure the best quality of engraving and printing, it was still necessary for Hills to send his plan to London for publication. Engraved by John Cooke, the plan was published by the Boydells at the end of 1797, although it also included an imprint by Hills offering the map for sale in Philadelphia (this has led carto- bibliographers to incorrectly cite the first state as an American imprint). The large size of this plan “permitted the author to name and locate each of the dozens of wharves along the Delaware and to give the details of construction then existing in every city block to, and even beyond, the Schuylkill. The topography received equally minute treatment. Even brickyards and small ponds were identified singly” (Snyder, p.204). This is the second issue of the map (with the Boydell imprint below the neat line) which was issued very shortly after the first. Both states are very rare. Only one copy of either has appeared at auction in the last quarter century (Sotheby’s New York, Oct. 30, 1990, lot 19). DEÁK, PICTURING AMERICA 211. PHILLIPS, MAPS, p.702. PHILLIPS, DE- SCRIPTIVE LIST OF MAPS AND VIEWS OF PHILADELPHIA 175 (1st issue). SNYDER, CITY OF INDEPENDENCE 169a (this copy illustrated as fig. 121). WHEAT & BRUN 471. $27,500.

Rules for the House

75. [House of Representatives]: STANDING RULES AND ORDERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED STATES. Philadelphia: Printed by John H. Oswald, 1799. 22pp. Small octavo. Contemporary marbled wrappers. Top upper corner of last several leaves torn off, with no text loss. Good.

Lays out the duties of the Speaker of the House, and procedures regarding bills, the Committee of the Whole House, and joint rules and orders of the House and Senate. The lengthiest section covers rules of decorum and debate, appropriate as these rules were published the year after Rep. Roger Griswold attacked Rep. Mat- thew Lyon with a hickory walking stick on the floor of the House. NAIP locates only seven copies. Scarce. EVANS 36590. NAIP w027052. $2000.

Famous Map of Pennsylvania

76. Howell, Reading: DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA, TO WIT: BE IT REMEMBERED, THAT...READING HOWELL, OF THE SAID DISTRICT, HATH DEPOSITED IN THIS OFFICE THE TITLE OF A MAP...TO WIT, “A MAP OF PENNSYLVANIA, & THE PARTS CONNECTED THEREWITH, RELATING TO THE ROADS AND INLAND NAVIGATION....” [Philadelphia. 1795?] 19½ x 27½ inches. River route from Lake Erie to Philadelphia marked in contemporary color. On two sheets, joined at center. Older tape repair on verso; two tape repairs at top and bottom of center seam causing slight staining, primarily in blank areas. Small hole in neatline area of left top edge. Lightly but evenly toned. Still very good.

Second state of the smaller version of Reading Howell’s very important map of Pennsylvania. Howell’s map was the first post-Revolutionary map of the entire state, and the first to show all the state’s boundaries. “This is the best map of Pennsylvania to appear in the 18th century, and the first to show its exact boundaries” – Wheat & Brun. Howell was a landowner and a surveyor, and he used his own work, along with the personal surveys of others, to create his map. This condensed version of Howell’s map, first published the same year as the larger version, shows the state in its entirety, with towns, roads, and topographical features. New canals are also shown, including one beginning at the mouth of Conewago canal on the Susquehanna River, and another beginning on the Delaware River just north of Pennsylvania and going to Norris Town. In this second state the counties are outlined and identified. The larger version of the map is extremely rare and almost unobtainable. WHEAT & BRUN 443. EVANS 24412 (ref ). PHILLIPS, MAPS, p.678 (ref ). $3000.

77. Hoyt, Epaphras: A TREATISE ON THE MILITARY ART; IN FOUR PARTS...Vol. I. Part I & II [all published]. Brattleborough: Ben- jamin Smead, 1798. [1],212,[2]pp. plus ten folding engraved plates including frontispiece. 12mo. Modern brown morocco, gilt leather label. Light browning, occasional minor dampstaining and foxing in text. Plates lightly browned, some offsetting. Small dampstains on frontispiece, loss to lower forecorner of plate six (approximately 2 x 2 inches). Good.

A federal-era military manual, complete with ten finely executed engraved plates. Hoyt, an officer in the Massachusetts cavalry, was the author of a similar military work on cavalry discipline and Antiquarian Researches: Comprising a History of the Indian Wars in the Country Bordering Connecticut River and Parts Adjacent. Two of the four parts of the present work are devoted to cavalry: a comprehensive system of discipline based on the principles of Baron von Steuben and the works of other English and Prussian authors, and regulations for cavalry in camp during wartime. The third section is concerned with conducting “petite guerre” (guerilla warfare), while the last part consists of maxims related to various general military operations “compiled principally from the observations of experienced officers and the most approved writers on the art of war.” The plates delineate various troop formations and maneuvers described in the text. EVANS 33907. McCORISON 490. RILEY 419. OCLC 18297269, 7717270. $1500.

Supplying Connecticut Laws to the Federal Government, from a Signer of the Declaration of Independence

78. Huntington, Samuel: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM SAMUEL HUNTINGTON AS GOVERNOR OF CONNECTI- CUT]. Norwich, Ct. Nov. 3, 1788. [1]p. Foxed, paper infill to replace paper loss from removal of wax seal, not affecting text except for one word of closing address. Backed on archival tissue. Good.

Samuel Huntington, signer of the Declaration of Independence, writes as governor of Connecticut to an unidentified recipient regarding sending copies of Connecticut’s state statutes to the newly formed federal government. He writes:

Sir, I am in want of thirteen setts or copies of all the statutes of this state which have been made & passed since the adjourned Assembly in 1784 Janu- ary sessession [sic] that is, since the laws were revised. Those late statutes are wanted for use of the United States agriably to an Act of Congress. I wish to be informed as soon as may be whether you have them in print, not bound, & can supply me with thirteen sets of them.

In addition to marking his place in history with his signature on the Declaration of Independence, Huntington also served as president of the Continental Congress, and was the third governor of Connecticut, serving for ten years until his death in 1796. $1850.

A Signer of the Declaration Writes to the First Secretary of War

79. Huntington, Samuel: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM GOVERNOR SAMUEL HUNTINGTON TO HENRY KNOX RE- GARDING CONNECTICUT’S REACTION TO THE NEUTRAL- ITY PROCLAMATION]. Norwich, Ct. Aug. 16, 1793. [1]p. Folio. Old fold lines. Later paper strip attached to top of verso. Slight separation at some folds. Minor toning. Docketed on verso. Very good. In a half cloth clamshell case, gilt leather label.

The retained copy of a letter written by Samuel Huntington, entirely in his hand and signed by him. Huntington was a signer of the Declaration of Independence and governor of Connecticut, and here writes to Secretary of War Maj. Gen. Henry Knox, indicating receipt of the terms of neutrality which the United States adopted towards Britain and France, and Connecticut’s willingness to abide by those terms. Samuel Huntington was a signer of the Declaration of Independence, served as president of the Continental Congress, and was the third governor of Connecticut, serving for ten years, until his death in 1796. Henry Knox served with distinction during the American Revolution, charged with Washington’s famous crossing of the Delaware River, and the successful completion of that mission earned him the promotion to brigadier general. He was one of the founding members of the Society of the Cincinnati and was the nation’s first Secretary of War. On April 22, 1793, George Washington issued a statement announcing the United States would maintain a policy of strict neutrality in the conflict between France and Britain, resulting from the French Revolution. This was the first major international conflict facing the newly formed United States, and it involved her ally, France. One of the concerns of the American government was that America not be seen to be interfering in trade (privateering to the hindrance of one side or the other). The assurances on Gov. Huntington’s part most likely refer to the willingness of Connecticut ship captains to abide by the law of the land and maintain U.S. neutrality. Huntington writes:

Sir, I am on this day favoured with your two letters of the 7th instant containing the rules & regulations which the President of the United States has thought proper to adopt for a uniform line of conduct throughout the several states with respect to the belligerent powers; and also the regulations agreed upon between the general government & the Minister of France. You may be assured, sir, that a strict observance will be paid to the directions and regulations contained in those letters. I have also the satisfaction to inform you, that the inhabitants of this state appear sincerely disposed to observe a just neutrallity [sic] conformably to the tenor of the proclamation which was issued by the President on that subject and have reason to believe that the general sense & sentiment of the citizens of this state will prevent all infractions of the laws of nations as relative to the powers at war.

A good letter, referring to early Federal policy, penned by one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. $4000.

Granting Lands in Illinois and the Northwest

80. [Illinois and Indiana]: CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES: AT THE THIRD SESSION...AN ACT FOR GRANTING LANDS TO THE INHABITANTS AND SETTLERS AT VINCENNES AND THE ILLINOIS COUNTRY, IN THE TERRITORY NORTH- WEST OF THE OHIO, AND FOR CONFIRMING THEM IN THEIR POSSESSIONS [caption title]. [Philadelphia. 1791]. Small folio broadsheet. Removed from a sammelband volume and a bit rough along the left edge. Near fine.

This rare official printing of a law of the third session of the First Congress makes large land grants to settlers in the region northwest of the Ohio River, in what are now the states of Indiana and Illinois. The act grants four hundred acres of land to the heads of families who moved to the Illinois Country in 1783 and confirms others in possession of lands they already occupied. It further grants one hundred acres of land to each person who has not already received a grant from the United States, but who serves or had served in the militia at Vincennes. This is one of the earliest federal land grants this far west, mainly concerned with lands around Vincennes on the Mississippi. Only one other copy of this broadsheet is located, at The New York Public Library. EVANS 23853. NAIP w017600. $2500.

The Second American Filson with Matching Imlay

81. Imlay, Gilbert: A TOPOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE WESTERN TERRITORY OF NORTH AMERICA; CONTAIN- ING A SUCCINCT ACCOUNT OF ITS CLIMATE, NATURAL HISTORY, POPULATION, AGRICULTURE, MANNERS AND CUSTOMS.... [with:] THE DISCOVERY, SETTLEMENT, AND PRESENT STATE OF KENTUCKY: AND AN ESSAY TOWARDS THE TOPOGRAPHY AND NATURAL HISTORY OF THAT IM- PORTANT COUNTRY.... New York: Samuel Campbell, 1793. Two volumes. 260; 204pp., plus three folding maps and plans. Contemporary calf, leather labels. Very good.

First American edition of Imlay’s Topographical Description..., originally published in London in 1792, and incorporating the second American edition of Filson’s history of Kentucky, first published in Wilmington in 1784. Filson’s account, like that of Imlay, is not altogether accurate, but it is important as the first history of Kentucky, the first account of Daniel Boone, and the first work to contain a map of Kentucky. In bringing together his own and Filson’s narratives, and eventually adding the work of Hutchins, Imlay provides the most complete information on the trans-Allegheny region available at the end of the 18th century. Rare. HOWES I12, F129 (not noting this ed). EVANS 25648. CLARK II:41, 23. SERVIES 692. $6000.

82. [Indian Factory System]: REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE AP- POINTED TO ENQUIRE INTO THE OPERATION OF THE ACTS MAKING PROVISION FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF TRADING HOUSES WITH THE INDIAN TRIBES, AND INTO THE EXPEDIENCY OF REVIVING AND CONTINUING THE SAID ACTS IN FORCE. [Philadelphia]. 1800. 18pp. plus two folding tables. Dbd. Light scattered foxing. Worming in inner margin of several leaves, not affecting text. Very good.

Congressional report on the first two federally operated Indian trading houses, with correspondence from Secretary of War James McHenry, additional correspondence relating to Indian agent John Chisholm, and two large folding tables. The Indian trading houses, known collectively as the Indian Factory System, were a chain of government-owned stores that operated from 1795 to 1822, making a variety of products available to Indians at cost in exchange for native goods. The factories, which were intended to promote peace, offset the British and Spanish influence, and protect Indians from exploitation by private traders, were distributed along the frontier from Georgia to present-day Michigan, and received large federal appropriations for their operations. For several years after the 1795 and 1796 acts establishing the system were first passed, only two factories were operating: one that was originally established at Coleraine, Georgia and moved to Fort Wilkinson in 1797; and one at the Tellico Blockhouse on the Tennessee frontier. In the present report the House committee appointed to review the system states that, while important information concerning the capital stock at the two factories has not been provided by their agents, enough data is present in James McHenry’s report and the attached tables to recommend extending the 1796 act for one year using only existing capital. The act would be renewed again the following year, and in 1802 several additional trading houses would be established. The pamphlet also includes a letter by McHenry relating to John D. Chisholm, who had been granted an Indian trader’s license, apparently by mistake. McHenry asks that the license be withdrawn and submits a letter by the rather unschooled Chisholm to Secretary of State Thomas Pickering and Pickering’s reply which had been wrongly represented as a recommendation for Chisholm. A very interesting set of documents from the earliest phases of the federal Indian trading-house program. EVANS 38824. NAIP w021621. DAH II, pp.238-39. $1750.

The First Federal Law Regulating the Indian Trade

83. [Indian Trade]: [United States Congress – Second Session]: CON- GRESS OF THE UNITED STATES: AT THE SECOND SESSION, BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CITY OF NEW-YORK, ON MON- DAY, THE FOURTH OF JANUARY, ONE THOUSAND SEVEN HUNDRED AND NINETY. AN ACT TO REGULATE TRADE AND INTERCOURSE WITH THE INDIAN TRIBES [caption title]. [New York]: Printed by Francis Childs and John Swaine, [1790]. [2]pp. Folio. Dbd. Stitching holes in right margin. Light age toning. Very good. In a half morocco and marbled boards folding case, spine gilt.

The first federal law regulating trade and communication with Indian tribes, requiring that any person involved in commercial transactions involving Ameri- can Indians have a license for that purpose issued by the superintendent of Indian Affairs, that any land transactions with Indians have to be performed by the federal government, and punishing those who committed crimes against Indians. With this law the federal government established the position that only it had the authority to govern key elements of interaction and commerce with American Indians. The act indicates that any person attempting to trade with the Indians without the proper license will forfeit “all the merchandise so offered for sale to the Indian tribes, or so found in the Indian country.” In addition, and more importantly, the act regulates the sale of Indian lands, which can only be done through the authority of the federal government. Finally, it could punish anyone who went onto Indian lands and “there commit any crime upon, or trespass against, the person or property of any peaceable and friendly Indian or Indians.” This act was the foundation of a system of United States interaction with Indian tribes which lasted for decades. An extremely rare document. No copy has appeared at auction in the last forty years (the Frank Siebert sale in 1999 included only a 1796 act slightly revising this one, which sold for $7475), and the only known copies are at the American Antiquarian Society, the Library of Congress, and The New York Public Library. EVANS 22972. NAIP w010710. $20,000.

The Federal Government Seeks to Control the Indian Trade by Establishing the Trading House System, Signed by the Secretary of State

84. [Indian Trade]: [United States Laws]: FOURTH CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES: AT THE FIRST SESSION...AN ACT FOR ESTABLISHING TRADING HOUSES WITH THE INDIAN TRIBES [caption title]. Philadelphia. 1796. [4]pp. on a folded folio sheet. Signed by Secretary of State Timothy Pickering following the text. Manu- script docket in an unknown hand on the blank fourth page. Fine. In a half morocco box.

This act, known as the Trading House Act, was passed by the first session of the Fourth United States Congress on April 18, 1796. It sought to bring commerce with Indian tribes under the control of the U.S. government by licensing and restricting trade through a small group of authorized agents operating trading houses beyond the designated frontier of settlement. The act made purely private trade illegal, a step taken to control exploitation of the Indian populace, regulate border tensions, attempt to influence the Indians in their British and Spanish contacts to the North and South, and bring fees to the government. The assertion of government control over the Indian trade was a direct outgrowth of the American victory over the Indian tribes of the Old Northwest at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794 and the Treaty of Greenville in August 1795, but it sought to address an endemic problem of illicit trade. As part of the peace a boundary line known as “the Greenville line” was established, beyond which the U.S. government agreed to prevent settlement. By this act only licensed traders would be allowed into the Indian territories west of the line, working through agents in settled trading houses. The President would appoint agents to head the trading houses, and all trade had to be accounted for to the Executive branch. The price of trade goods would be regulated, and any private trade was strictly forbidden. Although the terms of the Greenville Treaty were soon abrogated, this act set the pattern for regulating the Indian trade until 1822, when the system was abolished. The act ends with the printed signatures of George Washington and John Ad- ams, and the autograph signature of Timothy Pickering as Secretary of State. A Revolutionary soldier and key figure in Federal politics, Pickering served as Sec- retary of State from 1795 to 1800, first under Washington and then Adams. This would appear to be an official copy, actually signed by Pickering. All official copies of acts in the first three Congresses were signed by the Secretary of State, but the practice was then (supposedly) dropped; this is the first time we have seen a Fourth Congress act so signed. Rare: NAIP locates only five copies, evidently none signed. BRISTOL B9756. SHIPTON & MOONEY 47959. ESTC W14649. $17,500.

The First American Insurance Company: An Unrecorded Policy on the Franklin Model

85. [Insurance]: THE DEED OF SETTLEMENT OF THE SOCIETY FOR INSURING HOUSES, IN AND NEAR PHILADELPHIA [caption title]. [Philadelphia. 1787]. 8pp. printed on a single folded sheet. Docketed in manuscript in the margin of the final page. Quarto. Three tears along the spine fold, with no loss; five small tears in two horizontal folds, affecting about ten words. Overall, still very good. In a half morocco and cloth box.

A very rare document detailing the early history of the “Philadelphia Contribution- ship,” the oldest property insurance company in North America, still in operation to this day. Benjamin Franklin was one of the founding directors of the Contribu- tionship and wrote most of the text printed here in 1751, when the original charter of the company was drawn up (see Miller). The present printing of the “Deed of Settlement” of the Philadelphia Contributionship includes four additional by-laws, added to the company’s charter in 1763, 1769, 1781, and 1787. The main text explains the company’s means for insuring their subscribers against loss from fire, setting forth in great detail their policies and operating methods. Not in Evans, Bristol, or Shipton & Mooney. NAIP locates only two copies, at the American Antiquarian Society and the Library of Congress. There is also a copy in the collections of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania (at the Library Company). An important and rare document in the early development of the American insurance industry. NAIP w037889. MILLER 542 (ref ). $5000.

A Rare Copy with the Plates Colored

86. Janson, Charles W.: THE STRANGER IN AMERICA: CONTAIN- ING OBSERVATIONS MADE DURING A LONG RESIDENCE IN THAT COUNTRY, ON THE GENIUS, MANNERS AND CUS- TOMS OF THE PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES.... London. 1807. 22,499,[1]pp. plus engraved titlepage, nine colored plates, one plan, and 6pp. of advertisements. Quarto. Contemporary drab boards, rebacked, preserv- ing portion of original spine, corners renewed. Boards somewhat soiled and worn. Minor foxing and toning to text. Very good.

The rare issue of this important work with the plates colored (in almost all copies the plates are in sepia only). Janson lived in America from 1793 to 1805, beginning in Rhode Island (where he failed in business) before travelling in the American South, especially Virginia, the Carolinas, and Georgia, where he was defrauded in the Yazoo land scheme. He did not like what he saw, or at least felt that the rise of Jeffersonian democracy was guided by the devil. Clark sums up the book well: “Janson draws a picture of unrelieved black, but one worthy of attention because of the length of his stay and the breadth of his interests. He covers an astonishing variety of subjects in a loose topical arrangement....” “A petulant view of U.S. life” – Howes. The handsomely produced book contains nine colored plates depicting six scenes in Philadelphia, one of Mount Vernon, and one each in Boston and New York. The view on the engraved titlepage is the earliest known published image of the White House, and the Mount Vernon plate is one of the earliest of Washington’s home. The appendix to the book contains, on pages 482-489, what appears to be the first British printing of Thomas Jefferson’s December 1806 message announcing the completion of the Lewis and Clark expedition, as well as other western explorations. This is unnoticed by bibliographers and should seem to qualify it for inclusion in Wagner-Camp, although it is not listed there. HOWES J59, “b.” CLARK II:99. SABIN 35770. ABBEY 648. $6000.

87. [ Jay’s Treaty]: [Livingston, Robert R.]: EXAMINATION OF THE TREATY OF AMITY, COMMERCE, AND NAVIGATION, BE- TWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND GREAT-BRITAIN, IN SEVERAL NUMBERS: By Cato. [New York]: Re-published, from the Argus, by Thomas Greenleaf, 1795. 96pp. Modern red half morocco and cloth, spine gilt. Light foxing and toning. Library stamps on several text leaves. A good, solid copy.

Originally printed in newspapers, this is the first publication in book form of Liv- ingston’s attack on Jay’s Treaty. Issued during the fall of 1795, when Republicans were pressuring the House to withhold appropriations for the treaty. “In Livingston’s view, the treaty abrogated American rights secured by the Treaty of Paris, damaged rather than protected American commercial interests, and fostered undue dependence on England” – Sheidley. Howes attributes this work to Livingston, but adds that it is sometimes ascribed to Stephen Higginson and to Alexander Hamilton. Sabin attributes it to Hamilton although Hamilton, as a Federalist, was staunchly in support of Jay’s Treaty and worked hard to secure its approval by the Senate. Sheidley clarifies the question of authorship, attributing the essays to Livingston. HOWES L399. SABIN 29954. EVANS 28980. SHEIDLEY 25. $750. With the Rare Additional Material on Frontier Indians and the Border with New Brunswick

88. [ Jay’s Treaty]: TREATY OF AMITY, COMMERCE, AND NAVI- GATION, BETWEEN HIS BRITANNICK MAJESTY AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, SIGNED AT LONDON, THE 19th OF NOVEMBER, 1794. London. 1795. 33pp. [bound with:] EX- PLANATORY ARTICLE, SIGNED AT PHILADELPHIA, THE 4th OF MAY, 1796, TO BE ADDED TO THE TREATY...SIGNED AT LONDON, THE 19th OF NOVEMBER, 1794. London. 1796. 5pp. [bound with:] EXPLANATORY ARTICLE, SIGNED AT LONDON, THE 15th OF MARCH, 1798, TO BE ADDED TO THE TREATY... SIGNED AT LONDON, THE 19th OF NOVEMBER, 1794. London. 1798. 5pp. Small quarto. Modern half morocco and marbled boards, spine gilt. Treaty titlepage dust soiled. Titlepage of Explanatory Article signed at Philadelphia in 1796 bound in before the text of Explanatory Article signed at London in 1798, and vice versa. Near fine.

Three works, including the second American treaty with England, known as Jay’s Treaty, and two related articles, signed later and added to the treaty, one concerning the Indian tribes in the Ohio country and the other addressing the issue of the St. Croix River and the boundary between the United States and Canada. Jay’s Treaty, arguably the most controversial American treaty until the Versailles and League of Nations treaties after World War I, was negotiated with the British by Supreme Court Chief Justice John Jay. It sought to settle questions arising from the Treaty of Paris of 1783, to clarify commercial relations and neutral rights issues between England and the United States, and to secure the British evacuation of military posts in the Old Northwest. By this treaty England agreed to withdraw from frontier posts in the Ohio country which the Americans felt to be clearly in U.S. territory, and the Americans agreed to settle pre-Revolutionary debts. The Americans also received the right to trade with British possessions in the West Indies. The question of neutral rights, however, was not addressed to the liking of American commercial interests or public opinion, and the arrogant British searches and seizures of American shipping were not checked, which proved to be a long- simmering issue. The treaty provoked much hostile reaction in the U.S., and it was due only to the prestige of President Washington, who felt the measure necessary, that it was passed by the Congress. The controversy over Jay’s Treaty spurred the solidification of the party division in American politics between the supposedly pro-British faction led by Hamilton who favored the treaty and the supporters of Jefferson, who opposed it. This is the official English edition of the treaty. The Explanatory Article... of 1796, which was printed a year later and is much rarer than the treaty itself, is entirely concerned with the Indian tribes in the frontier, allowing them to pass freely across the line in either direction in order to carry on their trade and commerce without the need for a license. The ESTC locates only five copies of the Explanatory Article..., three in the Public Record Office (Lpro [3], NN, CSmH), and OCLC adds one more. The Explanatory Article... of 1798 is also very rare. It is concerned with the delineation of the northeastern border between the United States and Canada, specifically with the river St. Croix and the boundary between New Brunswick and what is now Maine. This thorny issue would not be resolved until the Webster-Ashburton Treaty of 1842. OCLC locates no copies of the 1798 Explanatory Articles..., ESTC locates only a single copy (CSmH), and NUC adds one more (MiU-C). A most important American treaty, here enhanced by the rare printings of two important additional articles, possibly the only case in which all are found together (except possibly the Huntington). MALLOY, p.590. SABIN 96577. HOWES T341. RAGATZ, p.275. OCLC 40849795. ESTC N31244, N31245. DAH III, p.169. $7500.

The French View of Jay’s Treaty

89. [ Jay’s Treaty]: Eustace, John S.: TRAITÉ DE’AMITIÉ, DE COM- MERCE ET DE NAVIGATION, ENTRE SA MAJESTÉ BRITAN- NIQUE ET LES ETATS-UNIS D’AMÉRIQUE. FINALEMENT RATIFIE PAR LA LÉGISLATURE AMÉRICAINE, SUIVI D’UN PROJECT FRATERNEL, ADRESSÉ AUX NÉGOCIANS FRAN- ÇAIS, POUR EFFECTUER LA COMPENSATION DES PERTES OCCASIONNÉES PAR LES LOIS AMÉRICAINES, PENDANT LEUR COMMERCE DANS LES ETATS-UNIS. Paris: Chez Desenne, [1796], An 4 de l’Ere Française. 68pp. Gathered signatures, string-tied as issued. Some soiling and staining to titlepage, light staining throughout. Good. Untrimmed and unopened.

A scarce French printing and examination of “Jay’s Treaty” of 1794, signed between the United States and England, and its potential ramifications for France and for American-French relations. Jay’s Treaty, arguably the most controversial American treaty until the Versailles and League of Nations treaties after World War I, was negotiated by Supreme Court Chief Justice John Jay and sought to settle questions arising from the Treaty of Paris of 1783, to clarify commercial relations between England and the United States, and to secure the British evacuation of military posts in the Old Northwest. Federalists generally supported the treaty as a practical necessity, while Jeffersonian Republicans rose up against it, believing it was too generous to England. It was finally passed by the Senate, but did much to harden differences between the nascent political parties. The treaty was met with alarm in France, which had signed important treaties of alliance and commerce with the United States in 1778, and which was on a collision course with England in the 1790s. John S. Eustace, an American exiled from Great Britain, came to America with the French army during the Revolution and served as aide-de-camp to generals Lee and Sullivan and as adjutant general with Georgia troops. In an addenda to this work he includes a proposal for compensating French merchants for potential losses as a result of the Jay Treaty. Not in Sabin or Howes, both of whom list other works on Jay’s Treaty and by Eustace. ECHEVERRIA & WILKIE 796/25. MARTIN & WALTER 12915. FAY, p.34. $750.

Jefferson’s Greatest Work

90. Jefferson, Thomas: NOTES ON THE STATE OF VIRGINIA. Lon- don. 1787. [4],382pp. plus partially colored folding map and folding table. Contemporary calf, expertly rebacked. Upper board edges and corners restored, with matching gilt tooling. Bookplate on front pastedown, contemporary ink signature on titlepage, map strengthened at folds, else internally very clean and bright. Very good. In a half morocco and cloth box, spine gilt.

The first English edition of Jefferson’s famous work. This is the only book-length work by Jefferson to be published in his lifetime, called “one of America’s first permanent literary and intellectual landmarks.” It was largely written in 1781 and first published in Paris, in French, in 1785. Written in the form of answers to questions about Virginia, the book supplies a description of the geography, with an abundance of supporting material and unusual information. As J.M. Edelstein notes: “Jefferson wrote about things which interested him deeply and about which he knew a great deal; the Notes, therefore, throws a fascinating light on his tastes, curiosities, and political and social opinions.” The handsome map which accompanies this edition (but is often lacking), based on the Fry and (Peter) Jefferson map, was not issued with the Paris editions. The story of the creation of this book and its publishing history is an interesting one. It is told fully by Millicent Sowerby in her catalogue of Jefferson’s library, where it occupies some thirty pages in small type. HOWES J78. SABIN 35895. VAIL 760. CLARK I:262. SOWERBY, JEFFERSON’S LIBRARY 4167. ADAMS, THE EYE OF THOMAS JEFFERSON 57. $45,000.

Jefferson’s Landmark Report

91. Jefferson, Thomas: REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE ON THE SUBJECT OF ESTABLISHING A UNIFORMITY IN THE WEIGHTS, MEASURES AND COINS OF THE UNITED STATES. New York: Childs and Swaine, 1790. 49,[1]pp. Bound to style in period tree calf and marbled boards. Very good.

First edition, fourth and final issue of this landmark report, the influence of which is still felt in the daily lives of all Americans. It is a primary document in the establishment of the federal government and in the implementation of Jefferson’s ideas concerning science and government. This issue of the report is the one Jef- ferson kept in his own library and represents the final version produced under his supervision. Jefferson had long pondered the difficulties of establishing uniform weights and measures, and the desirability of doing so. Colonial America had struggled with a multiplicity of measures borrowed from Europe, few of them based on rational systems. Jefferson felt that commerce would be greatly aided by having a single standard, that politically it would serve to bind the nation together as a unit with similar measures, and that invention would be encouraged by uniformity in standards. He also felt strongly that a decimal-based system would make transactions easier for less educated persons, and thus be more democratic. As the editors of the Jefferson Papers put it, “Jefferson’s report on weights and measures is an almost perfect embodiment of his dual allegiance to Newtonian physics and to Lockean concepts of government.” Jefferson had considered the problems of standard currency as early as 1782. In 1784 he wrote a pamphlet on the topic entitled Notes on the Establishment of a Money Unit, incorporated as an appendix with the privately printed first edition of Notes on the State of Virginia. He and Madison corresponded frequently on the larger issue of weights, measures, and standards from 1785 on. It was a topic he was eager to take on when the House of Representatives asked him to prepare a report on the problem on Jan. 15, 1790. Working with Tench Coxe, David Rittenhouse, and James Madison, he developed the concept of a single, integrated system based on decimal calculation. According to the editors of the Jefferson Papers it was “...a thoroughly radical departure: indeed it is doubtful whether a reformation of similar extent, in comprehensive fullness and explicitness, has ever been similarly reduced to the brevity of two small sheets of paper [in the manuscript draft].” The Report was delivered to the House of Representatives on July 13, 1790 and immediately ordered to be printed. The first three impressions were printed in a folio format, the different issues stemming from corrections made while in press. The final version was printed by Childs & Swaine in this octavo, forty-nine-page format, and it is this version that Jefferson chose to retain in his own library. Rink locates six copies of this issue, including Jefferson’s own at the Library of Congress. Four copies are located of the other three impressions. While Jefferson’s full recommendations were never implemented, much of his report was adopted, and his ideas regarding decimal measures form the basis for American standards of currency and other basic measures. This report remains one of the clearest expressions of his extraordinary ability to conceive of ways for government to rationally order the world, and remains his most celebrated written contribution as Secretary of State. This was the plan, the editors of the Jefferson Papers write, which one would have expected “of the pen that produced such revolutionary documents as the Declaration of Independence and the Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom.” EVANS 22997. SOWERBY, JEFFERSON’S LIBRARY 3760. JEFFERSON PAPERS 16: 602-75. RINK 877. ESTC W15309. $20,000.

Only American Edition to Contain a Map

92. Jefferson, Thomas: NOTES ON THE STATE OF VIRGINIA. Phila- delphia: Printed for Mathew Carey..., 1794. [4],336pp. plus folding table and folding map. Antique-style calf, leather label. Extra portrait of Jefferson bound in as frontispiece (see below). Light tanning. Very good.

The second American edition of Jefferson’s famous work, and the first American edition to contain a map. Bound in as a frontispiece to this copy is John Scoles’ engraving of Edward Savage’s portrait of Jefferson, which properly belongs with the 1801 Newark and New York editions of Jefferson’s Notes..., as this 1794 edition was not issued with a portrait. This is the only book-length work by Jefferson to be published in his lifetime, and has been called “one of America’s first permanent literary and intellectual landmarks.” It was largely written in 1781 and first published in Paris, in French, in 1785, then published in English in London in 1787. Written in the form of answers to questions about Virginia, the book supplies a description of the geography, with an abundance of supporting material and unusual information. As J.M. Edelstein notes: “Jefferson wrote about things which interested him deeply and about which he knew a great deal; the Notes, therefore, throws a fascinating light on his tastes, curiosities, and political and social opinions.” The map which accompanies this edition was executed by Samuel Lewis and depicts Virginia in considerable detail. The story of the creation of this book and its publishing history is an interesting one. It is told fully by Millicent Sowerby in her catalogue of Jefferson’s library, where it occupies some thirty pages in small type. This edition includes appendices containing Charles Thomson’s notes on Jefferson’s original text, his “Draught of a Fundamental Constitution for the Commonwealth of Virginia” and “An Act for Establishing Religious Freedom.” The table describes Indian tribes of Virginia. HOWES J78. SABIN 35898. CLARK I:262. SOWERBY, JEFFERSON’S LIBRARY 4167. ADAMS, THE EYE OF THOMAS JEFFERSON 57. EVANS 27162. $9000.

93. Jefferys, Thomas: THE AMERICAN ATLAS; OR, A GEOGRAPH- ICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE WHOLE CONTINENT OF AMERICA; WHEREIN ARE DELINEATED AT LARGE ITS SEVERAL REGIONS, COUNTRIES, STATES, AND ISLANDS; AND CHIEFLY THE BRITISH COLONIES.... London: Printed and Published by Robert Laurie and James Whittle...(Successors to the Late Mr. Robert Sayer), 1794. Mounted on guards throughout. Letterpress title with publisher’s overslip (verso blank), 1p. letterpress “Index to the Maps” (verso blank), otherwise engraved throughout. Twenty-three engraved maps, on thirty sheets, all with period hand-coloring in outline. Folio. Expertly bound to style in 18th-century half russia and period marbled boards, spine gilt with raised bands, red morocco label. Very good.

A very rare issue of The American Atlas, the most important 18th-century atlas for America. Walter Ristow describes it as a “geographical description of the whole continent of America, as portrayed in the best available maps in the latter half of the eighteenth century ...as a major cartographic reference work it was, very likely, consulted by American, English, and French civilian administrators and military officers during the Revolution.” As a collection, The American Atlas stands as the most comprehensive, detailed and accurate survey of the American colonies at the beginning of the Revolution. Among the distinguished maps are Braddock Meade’s “A Map of the Most Inhabited Parts of New England,” the largest and most detailed map of New England that had yet been published; a map of “The Provinces of New York and New Jersey” by Samuel Holland, the Surveyor general for the northern American colonies; Wil- liam Scull’s “A Map of Pennsylvania,” the first map of that colony to include its western frontier; Joshua Fry and Peter Jefferson’s “A Map of the Most Inhabited part of Virginia,” the best colonial map for the Chesapeake region; and Lieut. Ross’ “Course of the Mississipi,” the first map of that river based on English sources. Jefferys was the leading English cartographer of the 18th century. From about 1750, he published a series of maps of the English American colonies, that were among the most significant produced in the period. As Geographer to the Prince of Wales, and after 1761, Geographer to the King, Jefferys was well placed to have access to the best surveys conducted in America, and many of his maps held the status of “official work.” Jefferys died on November 20, 1771, and in 1775 his successors, Robert Sayer and John Bennett, gathered these separately-issued maps together and republished them in book form as The American Atlas. Following Sayer’s death, the plates were inherited by Laurie and Whittle, who re-issued the atlas with some interesting additions and changes. The maps are as follows. Many of the maps are on several sheets, and in the Index, each individual sheet is numbered (the measurements refer to the image sizes).

1-3) Braddock Meade (alias John Green): “A Chart of North and South America, including the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.” Published 21 June 1790. Six sheets joined into three folding sheets. This great wall map was chiefly issued to expose the errors in Delisle and Buache’s map of the Pacific Northwest, published in Paris in 1752. This issue is not listed by Stevens & Tree, but see 4 for earlier issues. 4) Imperial Academy of St. Petersburg: “The Russian Discoveries.” Published March 2nd 1775. One double-page sheet. 5-6) E. Bowen and John Gibson: “A New and Correct Map of North America, and the West India Islands. Divided according to the Preliminary Articles of Peace... wherein are particularly distinguished the United States...Corrected from the Original Materials of Governr. Pownall...1783.” Published 15 August 1786. Four sheets joined into two folding sheets. Pownall’s map, a later issue of the updated version that took into account the results of the Versailles peace treaty of January 1783. STEVENS & TREE 49 (j). 7) Robert Sayer: “The United States of North America with the British Possessions of Canada...also the Spanish Territories of Louisiana and Florida.” Published 1 January 1790. Double-page. Intermediate issue, not listed by Stevens & Tree, but see 51 (d) and (e), for an earlier and later issues. It is interesting to note that the American flag surmounting the cartouche contains just thirteen stars – Vermont did not join the Federal Union until 1791. 8) Samuel Dunn: “A New Map of the United States of North America.” 10 June 1786. Single sheet. STEVENS & TREE 53 (d). 9) Thomas Jefferys, “An Exact Chart of the River St. Laurence from Fort Frontenac to the Island of Anticosti....” Published 25 May 1775. Two sheets joined into one folding sheet. STEVENS & TREE 76 (d). 10) Sayer & Bennett: “A Chart of the Gulf of St. Laurence....” 1 August 1786. Double-page. 11) “A Map of the Island of St. John in the Gulf of St. Laurence....” [n.d.] Double-page. 12) James Cook and Michael Lane: “A General Chart of the Island of Newfound- land....” 10th May 1775. By Thomas Jefferys...Printed for Robt. Sayer. Double- page. 13) “A Chart of the Banks of Newfoundland....” Printed for & Sold by Robt. Sayer... 26th March 1787. Double-page. Based on the surveys of James Cook, Chabert, and Fleurieu. 14) Braddock Meade (alias John Green): “A New Map of Nova Scotia and Cape Breton Island with the Adjacent Parts of New England and Canada....” Printed & Sold by R. Sayer...1 August 1786. Double-page. Originally published in 1755, at the beginning of the French and Indian War, this map “proved to be important in evaluating respective French and English claims to this part of North America” (Ristow). England gained sole possession of the region by the Treaty of Paris, 1763. STEVENS & TREE 66 (k). 15-16) Braddock Meade (alias John Green): “A Map of the Most Inhabited Part of New England.” Publish’d 12 May 1794 by Laurie & Whittle. Four sheets joined into two folding sheets. The first large-scale map of New England. “The most detailed and informative pre-Revolutionary map of New England...not really supplanted until the nineteenth century” – New England Prospect. NEW ENG- LAND PROSPECT 13. 17) Capt. [Samuel] Holland: “The Provinces of New York and New Jersey, with Part of Pensilvania....” Printed for Robt. Sayer & John Bennett 17 Augt. 1776. Three insets: “A plan of the City of New York,” “A chart of the Mouth of Hudson’s River,” and “A plan of Amboy.” Two sheets joined to form one long folding sheet. An important large-scale map of the Provinces of New York and New Jersey, by Samuel Holland, Surveyor General for the Northern English colonies. With fine insets including a street plan of colonial New York City. 18) Brassier: “A Survey of Lake Champlain....” Printed for Robert Sayer...1 Jany. 1788. Double-page. An intermediate issue not listed by Stevens & Tree, but see Stevens & Tree 25 (b) and 25 (c) for earlier and later issues. Like Stevens & Tree 25 (c), this issue has the title in a cartouche and added noted regarding Lake Champlain. 19) Carver: “A New and Correct Map of the Province of Quebec....” Printed for Robert Sayer...1 Jan. 1788. Double-page. STEVENS & TREE 73 (b). 20) William Scull: “A Map of Pennsylvania Exhibiting not only the Improved Parts of the Province but also its Extensive Frontiers.” Printed for Robt. Sayer & J. Bennett...Published...10 June 1775. Two sheets joined to form one folding sheet. The first map of the Province of Pennsylvania to include its western frontier. All earlier maps had focused solely on the settled eastern parts of the colony. 21-22) Joshua Fry and Peter Jefferson: “A Map of the Most Inhabited Part of Vir- ginia, containing the Whole Province of Maryland...Drawn by Joshua Fry & Peter Jefferson in 1775 [sic].” Printed for Robt. Sayer, [n.d.]. Four sheets joined into two folding sheets. An intermediate issue not listed by Stevens & Tree, but see Stevens & Tree 87 (f ) and 87 (g) for issues printed before and afterwards. “The basic cartographical document of Virginia in the eighteenth century...the first to depict accurately the interior regions of Virginia beyond the Tidewater. [It] dominated the cartographical representation of Virginia until the nineteenth century” – Verner. 23-24) Henry Mouzon: “An Accurate Map of North and South Carolina with their Indian Frontiers.” Published by Laurie & Whittle...12th May 1794. Four sheets joined into two folding sheets. “The chief type map for [the Carolinas] during the forty or fifty years following its publication. It was used by both British and American forces during the Revolutionary War” – Cumming. CUMMING 450. STEVENS & TREE 11 (b). 25) Thomas Jefferys: “The Coast of West Florida and Louisiana...The Peninsula and Gulf of Florida.” [Imprint indistinct, but dated 1775]. Two sheets joined into one folding sheet. The imprint is indistinct but the date allied with the presence of the name Bay of Spiritu Santo, both suggest Stevens & Tree 26 (b). A large-scale map of Florida, based upon the extensive surveys conducted since the region became an English possession by the Treaty of Paris (1763). STEVENS & TREE 26 (b). 26) Lieut. Ross: “Course of the Mississipi....Taken on an Expedition to the Illinois, in the latter end of the Year 1765.” Published by Laurie & Whittle...12th May 1794. Two sheets joined into one folding sheet. The first large-scale map of the Mississippi River, and the first based in whole or part upon English surveys. STEVENS & TREE 31 (c). 27) Thomas Jefferys: “The Bay of Honduras.” Printed for Robt. Sayer...20 Feby. 1775. Double-page. 28-29) J.B.B. D’Anville: “A Map of South America....” Printed for Robert Sayer... July the 1st 1787. Four sheets joined into two folding sheets. 30) Cruz Cano [etc.]: “A Chart of the Straits of Magellan.” Printed for R. Sayer and J. Bennett...1st July 1775. Double-page.

PHILLIPS ATLASES 1165. HOWES J81, “b.” STREETER SALE 72. SABIN 35953 (ref ). Ristow, Thomas Jefferys The American Atlas London 1776 (Amsterdam, 1974), facsimile ed. HILL 882 (ref ). $125,000. Famous Indian Captivity

94. Johonnet, Jackson: THE REMARKABLE ADVENTURES OF JACK- SON JOHONNET, OF MASSACHUSETTS...CONTAINING AN ACCOUNT OF HIS CAPTIVITY, SUFFERINGS, AND ESCAPE FROM THE KICKAPOO INDIANS. Boston. 1793. 16pp. Modern blue paper wrappers. Minor paper loss to first and last leaves, not affecting text. Very minor soiling. Very good. In a blue cloth box, leather label.

First separately published edition of this important Indian captivity narrative, providing a firsthand account of Gen. St. Clair’s defeat. Johonnet had recently served under generals Harmar and St. Clair in the western army’s expeditions against the Indians in the Northwest Territory. He was captured on the banks of the Wabash River in August 1791 by a band of Kickapoo and taken to their camp on the Upper Miami, where he made a dramatic escape after witnessing the torture and deaths of his fellow soldiers. There were seven pamphlet editions published in 1793, of uncertain priority, and a chimerical 1791 Lexington edition; but Howes lists this Boston printing as the first pamphlet issue. This is the Frank Siebert copy. HOWES J176, “b.” SIEBERT SALE 441 (this copy). AYER 167. VAIL 945. EVANS 25665. $12,500.

The First Challenge of Constitutionality: The Law that Led to the First Case of Judicial Review

95. [ Judicial Review]: THIRD CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES: AT THE FIRST SESSION,...AN ACT LAYING DUTIES UPON CARRIAGES FOR THE CONVEYANCE OF PERSONS [caption title]. [Philadelphia: Printed by Francis Childs and John Swaine, 1794]. [3] pp. Folio. Disbound from a sammelband volume, with three small stab holes. Some foxing. Else very good.

This is the very rare printing of a crucially important early American law. This law, laying a tax upon operators of carriages that convey people, was the first law whose constitutionality was ever challenged in court, resulting in the first case of what has become known as “judicial review.” That case, Hylton v. United States, was heard in 1796, a full seven years before the celebrated case of Marbury v. Madison, in which Chief Justice John Marshall famously asserted the Supreme Court’s right to review the constitutionality of legislation. Goebel calls Hylton v. U.S. “the first clear-cut challenge of the constitutionality of an Act of Congress to come before the Court.” This carriage duty act is also important in the development of thinking over the revenue-raising powers of the federal government. This act levies an annual tax of from one dollar (for a two-wheel carriage) to ten dollars (for a coach) on any person who employs a carriage for the conveyance of passengers (those used for conveying animals, goods, or commodities are specifically exempted). The law goes on to describe the ways in which the tax would be computed, reported, paid, and accounted for. Shortly after this law was passed the government sued Daniel Hylton in the Federal Circuit Court of Virginia for nonpayment of the duty – he owed $1,000 for tax on 125 coaches and attendant penalties. Hylton, represented by the eminent John Taylor of Caroline, argued that the tax was a “direct tax,” and unconstitutional under Article I, section 8 of the United States Constitution. Hylton appealed his case to the Supreme Court in late February 1796, and Alexander Hamilton wrote briefs on behalf of the government. The case was heard by justices Samuel Chase, William Paterson, and James Iredell, who unanimously agreed (in individually written opinions) that the carriage tax was an indirect tax and therefore constitutional. The court’s views on the tax issue remained in force for a century. More important to legal history was the fact that, for the first time in the young nation’s history, the Supreme Court had implicitly asserted its right to review the constitutionality of acts of Congress. This assumed power would be explicitly stated a few years later in Marshall’s famous opinion in Marbury v. Madison. NAIP locates only four copies of this law, at the American Antiquarian Society, John Carter Brown Library, Rhode Island Historical Society, and the Library of Congress. Rare and important in the evolution of the lawmaking powers of the Congress, concepts of taxation, and the development of judicial review. EVANS 27864. NAIP w028076. Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States, p.419. Goebel, History of the Supreme Court of the United States, Vol. 1, pp.778-82. $28,500.

A Remarkable Run of Some of the Earliest Kentucky Imprints

96. [Kentucky]: [EXTENSIVE RUN OF THE FIRST SESSION LAWS PASSED IN THE NEW STATE OF KENTUCKY]. Lexington. [1792- 1797]. Seven volumes, described below. Expertly bound to style in half russia and period marbled boards, red morocco labels. Condition detailed individually below. Light scattered foxing and soiling throughout volumes, but overall very good.

An incredibly rare run of the first laws of the newly-admitted state of Kentucky, and some of the earliest imprints in the state. The first five volumes were printed in Lexington by John Bradford, and the remaining two were printed by James H. Stewart. John Bradford (1749-1830) was a Virginian who moved to Kentucky in 1779, working as a land surveyor the following year. Despite a complete lack of experience as a printer, Bradford and his brother, Fielding, founded a newspaper in Lexington to support the cause of Kentucky’s separation from Virginia. The first issue of the Kentucky Gazette appeared in August 1787. For the next eight years the Gazette was the only newspaper within 500 miles. From 1792 to 1798, excepting for the year 1796, Bradford held the contract for official state printing. These laws represent a significant piece not only of his early printing history, but indeed the early printing history of the entire region, and the first printing in the Trans-Appalachian region. The first session of laws includes acts concerning the selection of officials to represent Kentucky in the federal government, taxes, the division of counties, establishing a land office, and monies set aside for the expenses of the state printer. These are followed in later sessions by laws regarding the regulation of the militia, courts, and an act approved Dec. 6, 1792, “more effectually to prevent persons dealing with slaves.” McMurtrie provides a detailed list of session laws for the first eighteen Kentucky state legislative sessions, from 1792 to 1810. He dates the final two volumes of the present set (printed by James Stewart) to 1797. For the most part each item is located in only one or two copies. Most but not all are held by the University of Chicago, and the Harvard Law Library holds a fair number. Early Kentucky imprints are incredibly rare on the market, and a run such as this is unheard of. In detail, the titles are as follows:

1) Acts Passed at the First Session of the General Assembly, for the Commonwealth of Kentucky.... Lexington: John Bradford, [1792]. 52pp. Contemporary ownership inscription at head of first page. Pp.41-44 in expert facsimile. McMURTRIE (KENTUCKY) 14. BRISTOL B8039. SHIPTON & MOONEY 46486. 2) Acts Passed at the Second Session of the General Assembly for the Commonwealth of Kentucky.... Lexington: John Bradford, [1792?] 58pp. Outer third of titlepage in manuscript facsimile, lower corner of p.29 torn away and expertly repaired. McMURTRIE (KENTUCKY) 15. BRISTOL B8040. SHIPTON & MOONEY 46487. 3) Acts Passed at the First Session of the Second General Assembly for the Commonwealth of Kentucky.... Lexington: John Bradford, [1793]. 56pp. McMURTRIE (KENTUCKY) 30. BRISTOL B8387. SHIPTON & MOONEY 46799. 4) Acts Passed at the First Session of the Third General Assembly for the Commonwealth of Kentucky.... Lexington: John Bradford, [1794]. 51,[1]pp. Titlepage in facsimile. McMURTRIE (KENTUCKY) 38. BRISTOL B8716. SHIPTON & MOONEY 47090. 5) Acts Passed at the First Session of the Fourth General Assembly for the Commonwealth of Kentucky.... Lexington: John Bradford, [1795]. 96pp. McMURTRIE (KENTUCKY) 47. EVANS 30656. 6) Acts Passed at the First Session of the Fifth General Assembly for the Commonwealth of Kentucky: Begun and Held at the Capitol, in the Town of Frankfort, on Monday the Seventh of November.... Lexington: James Stewart, [1797?] 140,[1]pp. Con- temporary marginal notations throughout, trimmed in; final leaf in facsimile. McMURTRIE (KENTUCKY) 62. EVANS 30657, 32336. 7) Acts Passed at the First Session of the Fifth General Assembly for the Commonwealth of Kentucky: Held by Adjournment at the Capitol, in the Town of Frankfort, on Monday the Sixth Day of February.... Lexington: James Stewart, [1797]. [2],143-220,ii pp. McMURTRIE (KENTUCKY) 63. EVANS 32327.

Kentucky Encyclopedia, p.111. $45,000.

Earliest Obtainable Form of the First Kentucky Constitution

97. [Kentucky Constitution]: AUTHENTIC. A CONSTITUTION OR FORM OF GOVERNMENT FOR THE STATE OF KENTUCKY. [Contained in:] SUPPLEMENT TO DUNLAP’S AMERICAN DAILY ADVERTISER, No. 4191. [Philadelphia]. July 2, 1792. [2]pp. Large folio broadsheet. Light toning and minor wear. Very good.

Broadsheet newspaper Extra from Dunlap’s American Daily Advertiser containing the final draft of the first constitution of the State of Kentucky, dated at Danville, Kentucky, April 19, 1792. A constitutional convention was first called at Danville in 1784 to discuss the separation of the western part of Virginia into its own state. Nine further conventions were held, culminating in a vote to statehood in 1792. Kentucky joined the Union on June 1 that year, becoming the fifteenth state. The constitution contains terms and conditions for dealing with the separation of the Kentucky County from the state of Virginia. Both McMurtrie and Evans record a Lexington printing of the Constitution for 1792, which only survives in two copies, at the Library of Congress and the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. After that impossibly rare printing, this extra is the earliest printed version. This first constitution was only in effect until 1799, when a new version was passed. $7500.

First Report of the War Department

98. [Knox, Henry]: A PLAN FOR THE GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF THE MILITIA OF THE UNITED STATES. New York: Printed by Francis Childs and John Swaine, 1790. 26pp. Folio. Gatherings stitched as issued. Scattered foxing and staining on titlepage with lower right corner torn and lacking (no loss), edges slightly frayed. Internally clean, edges slightly age-toned. Very good. In a cloth clamshell case, leather label. With a copy of The Pennsylvania Packet for Friday, Feb. 5, 1790.

General Henry Knox first made proposals for the organization of a national militia in 1786, during the Confederacy period. With the establishment of the federal government under the Constitution, he renewed his proposals, which were published by order of the House of Representatives on Jan. 18, 1790. This is the first report issued by the War Department, one of the four departments of the new government, and the third issued by the new federal government, preceded only by Hamilton’s appropriations report of 1789 and his famous report on public credit, issued four days before the present work. Knox argued that a large standing army was “hostile to the principles of liberty” and suggested that the United States should trust in a well regulated militia, with the potential of calling up all able men between the ages of eighteen and sixty-five as its primary means of defense. A staggered system of call-up would be used, and annual encampments undertaken. All the necessary organizational plans are laid out in the report. A most important work, providing much of the basis for American attitudes about the regular army into the 20th century. This copy is accompanied by the Feb. 5, 1790 issue of The Pennsylvania Packet, and Daily Advertiser, which includes an installment of the Secretary of War’s plan. EVANS 22958. HOWES K220. $7500.

99. La Rochefoucauld-Liancourt, François: VOYAGE DANS LES ETATS- UNIS D’AMERIQUE, FAIT EN 1795, 1796 ET 1797. Paris. [1799]. Eight volumes. Three folding maps, nine folding tables. Uniformly bound to style in three-quarter calf and marbled boards. Unobtrusive old blindstamps on each titlepage. Scattered foxing. U.S. map has a very narrow strip of loss (1/16 inch) along the center fold, replaced with reinforcing tissue. Maps of northern and southern sections of the country have some reinforcing tissue on folds. Overall a very good set.

An important narrative of travel in the United States and Canada in the last decade of the 18th century. The Duc de La Rochefoucauld fled France after his father was killed by a mob in 1793 and spent two years in North America from 1795 to 1797. Arriving in Philadelphia, he travelled overland to Upper Canada, and the latter half of the first and all of the second volume is devoted to his stay there. His published account was considered highly offensive by Lieut.-Gov. Simcoe. The third volume describes his travels in New England, as does the second part of the fifth volume. The fourth volume and the first part of the fifth narrate his southern tour, which took him as far as Charleston and Savannah but was largely spent in Virginia, where he stayed for a week with Jefferson at Monticello in the summer of 1796. The author comments extensively on agriculture. A later southern tour, recounted in the sixth volume, took him around Maryland and to the site of the future capitol of Washington. The seventh volume describes travels in New Jersey and his stay in New York, while the last volume offers general discussions of law, culture, etc. Clark refutes judgments of La Rochefoucauld as prejudiced, blaming the poor English translation of 1799 and lauding the book as “a sound, informative account.” He also praises La Rochefoucauld’s capacity for gathering detailed information, his clear descriptions, and his naming of informants, who include some of the most distinguished men in America. Clark concludes: “It is a profitable work to read.” The maps show the North, the South, and all of the United States to date, respectively. CLARK II:103. HOWES L106. MONAGHAN 915. LANDE SUPPLEMENT 1227. TPL 681. CARSON, TRAVELLERS IN TIDEWATER VIRGINIA 133. SERVIES 735 (another ed). $2500. “First in war – first in peace – first in the hearts of his countrymen”

100. [Lee, Henry]: [Washington, George]: A FUNERAL ORATION ON THE DEATH OF GEORGE WASHINGTON LATE PRESIDENT & COMMANDER IN CHIEF OF THE ARMIES OF THE UNIT- ED STATES OF AMERICA...DELIVERED AT THE REQUEST OF CONGRESS...TO WHICH IS SUBJOINED, AN EULOGY: BY JUDGE MINOT. London. 1800. [4],28pp. Half title. Printed self-wrappers, not stitched. Light soiling and toning of half title. Minor internal soiling, a bit heavier on final leaf. About very good. Untrimmed and partially unopened. In a half morocco clamshell case.

Of the scores of funeral orations delivered on the occasion of George Washington’s death, that of Henry Lee (the official oration delivered in Congress) is the most famous and memorable. Reprinted many times in many versions, this is the first London printing of Lee’s oration. Lee, popularly known as “Light-Horse Harry” Lee, was personally summoned by Washington in 1776 to join the Continental Army, and he served Washington faithfully and well during the Revolution. Lee was a Federalist Representative from Virginia when Washington died in late 1799, and was assigned the task of drafting a congressional resolution commemorating the great leader. In that resolution, and a few days later in this address delivered to both houses of Congress in Philadelphia on Dec. 26, 1799, Lee pronounced his famous phrase, placing Washington firmly at the head of the pantheon of American leaders. Lee recalls Washington’s military service in the French and Indian War, recounts his many triumphs in the Revolu- tion and his service as president. Lee’s pronouncement that Washington is “first in war – first in peace – and first in the hearts of his countrymen” is second only to the idea of Washington as “father of his country” in the popular lexicon and mythology of Washington. Lee’s funeral oration is a fundamentally important document in the shaping of George Washington’s image in American culture, and in the apotheosis of Washington. Also included in this London printing is George Minot’s eulogy on Washington, delivered in Boston at the request of the town’s “Committee of Arrangements.” Minot’s speech, urging his fellow citizens to carry on following Washington’s example, is also highly regarded. STILLWELL, WASHINGTON EULOGIES 137. ANB 13, pp.372-74. SABIN 39749. ESTC T141505. $2000.

Records of Confiscation of Loyalist Property

101. Livingston, William: [Kempe, John Tabor]: [AUTOGRAPH DOCU- MENTS, SIGNED, BEING COPIES OF THE PROCEEDINGS IN NEW JERSEY FOR THE ATTAINDER OF J.T. KEMPE AND HIS WIFE GRACE, AND ON THE CONFISCATION OF THEIR PROPERTY]. Elizabethtown. March 3, 1787. 8; 4pp. Folio. Documents creased and lightly soiled. First leaf with a few tears and some paper loss, minutely affecting text. Very good. Additional four pages: Quarto, on a folded folio sheet. Old fold lines. Light soiling, minute paper loss along some folds. Very good. In a grey half morocco and cloth clamshell case, gilt, red leather labels.

Legal documents regarding the confiscation of the property of Loyalist and New York Attorney General John Tabor Kempe, the first of which is penned and signed by William Livingston, first governor of the state of New Jersey and signer of the Constitution. A reluctant politician, William Livingston nevertheless rose to prominence in colonial New York and New Jersey, in part due to his wealth and family connec- tions. He was the first governor of the state of New Jersey, holding that office from 1776 until his death in 1790. Livingston was extremely popular with his constituents and was fiercely anti-Loyalist. “Livingston came to harbor a deep and visceral hatred of Loyalists, whose numbers and military operations posed a real civil threat in New Jersey. The governor’s jaundiced reaction undermined his otherwise deep commitment to due process and his remarkable concern for the social and economic welfare of his constituents. Livingston was by nature and education a man of conservative political leanings, forced into the personally distasteful role of flamboyant revolutionary. Indeed, throughout the war he was a rebel with a price on his head. Exiled New Jersey Loyalists several times tried to arrange his assassination by offering a reward for his murder” – ANB. During this time Livingston was constantly on the move to avoid assassination, bringing him into close contact with his constituents. This sensitized him to their needs in a way few others in his station would know, additionally fuelling his desire for reforms, including the abolition of slavery. “Governor Livingston made a real effort to redistribute Loyalist land by means of a strong pioneering confiscation act, a reform that did not work well in practice, but was intended by the governor to expand New Jersey’s social revolution” – ANB. John Tabor Kempe is one of those who lost his lands due to his political leanings. The first leaf is a certification of the document which follows, penned and signed by Livingston. It is embossed with the state seal of New Jersey, and the whole gathering is tied with a red ribbon. The inquisition into Kempe’s property took place in 1779, whereupon it was found that:

John Tabor Kempe and Grace his wife...are offenders in manner as is described in an act of the general assembly, intitled “An act for the forfeiting to and vest- ing in the state of New Jersey the real estates of certain fugitives and offenders, & for directing the mode of determining & satisfying the lawful debts and demands which may be due from or made against such fugitives & offenders and for other purposes therein mentioned”...in that this John Tabor Kempe, and Grace his wife, did go to the enemy and took refuge with them some time in April in the year [1776] & still remain with them.

The second document, listing Kempe’s lost goods and property, is titled “Rough estimate of Mr. Kempe’s estate & interest lost in consequences of his loyalty.” Kempe estimates his losses at an excess of £117,000, primarily in lost lands and estates, totaling over 45,000 acres. An interesting and informative set of documents, showing the high price of loyalty to the British Crown in New Jersey during the American Revolution. ANB (online). $4500.

102. Longworth, David: LONGWORTH’S AMERICAN ALMANACK, NEW-YORK REGISTER, AND CITY DIRECTORY...CONTAIN- ING MOST THINGS USEFUL IN A WORK OF THE KIND. New York: Printed for the Publisher by T. & J. Swords, 1798. [2],86,[220]pp. 12mo. Later marbled boards backed in cloth, printed paper label. Corners of first several leaves chipped (not affecting text), with early repair in upper outer corner of first leaf, even toning throughout. Very good.

Longworth’s third almanac and New York City directory, containing Abraham Shoemaker’s “Astronomical Calculations.” David Longworth published his popular almanac and directory annually from 1796 to 1817, after which point publication was assumed by Thomas Longworth and continued into the 1840s. The “New- York Register” begins with extensive lists of duties and other financial reports, and concludes with a listing of major New York institutions, including government bod- ies, churches, fraternal lodges, hospitals, banks, and markets. The “City Directory” lists over 8,000 New York residents with their addresses and means of livelihood, providing a fascinating cross-section of New York in the Federal era. Despite their popularity, few of the Longworth almanacs survive, particularly those published before 1820. NAIP and Spear together locate a total of only six copies. EVANS 34012. SPEAR, p.235. NAIP w013645. $1500.

103. Mackenzie, Alexander: VOYAGES FROM MONTREAL, ON THE RIVER ST. LAURENCE, THROUGH THE CONTINENT OF NORTH AMERICA, TO THE FROZEN AND PACIFIC OCEANS; IN THE YEARS 1789 AND 1793. WITH A PRELIMINARY AC- COUNT OF THE RISE, PROGRESS, AND PRESENT STATE OF THE FUR TRADE OF THAT COUNTRY.... London. 1801. [4],viii, cxxxii,412,[2]pp. plus three folding maps. Half title. Quarto. Late 19th-century three-quarter calf and marbled boards. Minor wear to boards, corners repaired. Contemporary bookplate and later ownership inscription on front pastedown. Scattered foxing and toning. Very good.

This classic of North American exploration describes the extraordinary travels of the author in northwest America in 1789, when he discovered the Mackenzie River, and in 1793, when he crossed the continent to the Pacific. Mackenzie also provides an excellent history of the fur trade in Canada as well as vocabularies of several Indian languages. The “Map of Mackenzie’s track from Ft. Chipewyan to the Pacific Ocean in 1793” was a milestone and “at once questions began to be raised about the now patent inadequacies of all prior maps of the American Far West” (Wheat). A cornerstone in any collection of North American travel and exploration. HOWES M133. WHEAT TRANSMISSISSIPPI 251. GRAFF 2630. HILL 1063. LANDE 1317. PEEL 25. PILLING, PROOF-SHEETS 2384. SABIN 43414. WAGNER- CAMP 1:1. STREETER SALE 3653. DNB III, pp.1356-57. $6750.

Marshall Writes Regarding Supreme Court Records

104. Marshall, John: [AUTOGRAPH NOTE, SIGNED BY JOHN MAR- SHALL AS SECRETARY OF STATE, INSTRUCTING HIS COR- RESPONDENT ON HOW TO OBTAIN RECORDS OF A CASE DECIDED BY THE SUPREME COURT]. Washington. July 7, 1800. [1]p. on a 6 x 9¾-inch sheet. Foxed, else very good.

A brief but interesting note in the hand of John Marshall and signed by him a year before he became the fourth Chief Justice of the United States. Although the note relates to the business of the Supreme Court, it was actually written by Marshall while he was Secretary of State, less than a month after he assumed that office. Marshall writes to a Mr. Temple: “If you will call at the office of the Prothonotary, I think the officers there will be pleased to show you any record of any case that has been disposed of by the Supreme Court. The case to which you seek access has been decided unanimously.” Marshall had been a prominent jurist since the mid-1780s, and in 1798 he actually declined his first appointment to the Supreme Court, as an associate justice. Despite that he had argued before the Supreme Court, and was clearly well informed as to its workings, as is indicated by this note. This Marshall document is not listed in The Papers of John Marshall. $1750.

Letter from John Marshall About the Slave Trade

105. Marshall, John: [MANUSCRIPT LETTER, SIGNED BY JOHN MARSHALL AS SECRETARY OF STATE, TO TURRELL TUFTS, THE AMERICAN CONSUL IN SURINAM, DISCUSSING THE SOUTH AMERICAN SLAVE TRADE]. Washington. Dec. 19, 1800. [2] pp. plus integral address leaf. Quarto, on a folded folio sheet. Old fold lines. Some wear and minor loss to address leaf. Minor soiling. Very good. In a half red morocco and marbled boards folder, spine gilt.

A month before his nomination as Chief Justice, Secretary of State John Marshall writes to Turrell Tufts, the American consul at Surinam, cautioning his diplomatic efforts and commenting on the slave trade in South America. Like Thomas Jef- ferson and James Madison, Marshall owned slaves. In Marshall’s native state of Virginia slaves had become an integral part of the agricultural-based economy. Marshall, however, detested slavery and publicly declared it an evil, calling for a gradual emancipation. Yet the South, despite growing moral objections, became more and more dependent on slavery, and as this letter illustrates, afforded the opportunity for American slave traders to travel to South America in order to purchase slaves from the large coffee and sugar plantations. He writes:

I have received your letter, dated October last, and several others, evincing your zeal and alertness in the service of your country. I should have before acknowledged your attention, but for the belief, founded on your communications, that you would soon leave the Colony. It is highly to be regretted, that the unsettled state of affairs at Surinam, and the disingenuous conduct of some of the persons in authority, should have given you so many occasions of complaint and disgust. In such a situation, whilst with a becoming spirit of firmness and perseverance, you endeavour to repel the wrongs of your Countrymen, you will never lose sight of that respectful manner in your addresses to the Officers of the Government, where you reside from the force of your representations. I do not mean this hint as an admonition, but only as a caution, suggested by the state of the correspondence between you and them. Every thing beyond temperate remonstrance must be left for arrangement between the two governments. Any instructions applicable to the state of things at Surinam more than the above intimation and your standing instructions are rendered unnecessary, by the manner in which you have executed your office. I will only for the present ask your vigilant attention to detect any of our Citizens engaging directly or indirectly in the slave trade. In every such case, you will make it a duty to transmit to this Department an exact account of every fact in relation to that subject, which may come to your knowledge, to the end that the laws may be enforced against offenders.

Turrell Tufts was appointed by President John Adams to the Consulate at Surinam in 1799, and it would seem that it may have been a difficult fit for Tufts, a Medford, Massachusetts native. It is a post that he nevertheless held until 1820, when he returned to his native home to live his life out in gentlemanly fashion. John Mar- shall served as Secretary of State for a mere eight months before being appointed to the Supreme Court, also by President John Adams. An interesting and insightful letter, highlighting the difficulties in dealing with eager junior officers in the diplomatic corps and Marshall’s own desire to keep the slave trade from America’s shore. $9500.

Ratifying the Constitution in Massachusetts: Josiah Quincy’s Copy

106. [Massachusetts]: DEBATES, RESOLUTIONS AND OTHER PRO- CEEDINGS, OF THE CONVENTION OF THE COMMON- WEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS, CONVENED AT BOSTON, ON THE 9th OF JANUARY 1788, AND CONTINUED UNTIL THE 7th OF FEBRUARY FOLLOWING, FOR THE PURPOSE OF ASSENTING TO AND RATIFYING THE CONSTITUTION RECOMMENDED BY THE GRAND FEDERAL CONVENTION. TOGETHER WITH THE YEAS AND NAYS ON THE DECISION OF THE GRAND QUESTION. TO WHICH THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION IS PREFIXED. Boston: Printed and sold by Adams and Nourse, Benjamin Russell...and Edmund Freeman..., 1788. 219pp. Con- temporary tree calf, neatly rebacked in matching style. Boards lightly scuffed, corners lightly worn. Light toning and foxing. Else very good, with contemporary ownership inscription of Josiah Quincy on titlepage.

“These Debates were recorded by printers representing the Massachusetts Centinel and Independent Chronicle in Boston and were reprinted from them. A later edition (1856) included the official journal and notes on the debates kept by Theophilus Parsons, a delegate to the state convention and later chief justice of the Massachu- setts Supreme Court. “The ratification process in Massachusetts was viewed with anxiety by supporters of the Constitution throughout the nation. Massachusetts was a key state, and it was thought that actions there might determine the ultimate fate of the Constitution. The struggle was hard, bitter, and characterized by wild rumor and allegations of corrupt behavior....The Federalist strategy was to ratify the Constitution first and then consider amendments to it....On February 6 the Constitution was endorsed by the narrow vote of 187 to 168. Massachusetts became the sixth state to ratify.... Massachusetts was the first state to propose amendments along with ratification, setting a pattern for the states that followed. All except Maryland and Rhode Island were to ratify and simultaneously propose amendments” – Liberty’s Legacy. The debates of other states were also extensively published. That of Virginia, where many of the leaders of the Revolution were delegates, appeared in two volumes in 1788. This copy bears the ownership signature of Josiah Quincy on the titlepage. Josiah Quincy III (1772-1864) was a Federalist Congressman (1804-13) before turning his hand to local politics and becoming Boston’s second mayor (1823-28). During his time as mayor he “left no aspect of Boston’s public domain untouched or unimproved,” with the result that upon leaving office, “Boston [was] the cleanest, most orderly and best governed city in the United States” (ANB). He spent the next fifteen years serving as president of Harvard before retiring from public life. LIBERTY’S LEGACY USC-25. EVANS 21242. SABIN 45702. $5000.

107. [Massachusetts]: RESOLVE FOR DISTRICTING THE COM- MONWEALTH, FOR THE PURPOSE OF CHOOSING FED- ERAL REPRESENTATIVES...JUNE 30, 1792. [bound with:] RE- SOLVE FOR DISTRICTING THE COMMONWEALTH, FOR THE PURPOSE OF CHOOSING ELECTORS OF PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENT...JUNE 29, 1792. [Boston. 1792]. 12pp. Dbd. Early ink inscription on title-leaf. Very good.

A rare pair of handbills. The NUC and OCLC together locate only five copies of the two resolutions bound together with continuous pagination, as here. The document deals with the knotty question of creating districts for representatives. In the next few years Elbridge Gerry would give birth to the phrase “Gerrymandering,” with his odd Massachusetts districts (more recent politicians have continued this fine art). EVANS 24525, 24526. SABIN 46093. $1250.

108. Minto, Walter: AN INAUGURAL ORATION, ON THE PROG- RESS AND IMPORTANCE OF THE MATHEMATICAL SCI- ENCES. DELIVERED AT PRINCETON ON THE EVENING PRECEDING THE ANNUAL COMMENCEMENT 1788. Trenton: Isaac Collins, 1788. 51pp. Modern half morocco and marbled boards. Minor toning to text. Very good.

“The first American contribution to the history of mathematics, as well as the earliest American analysis and appreciation of the work of Isaac Newton” – Felcone. Inaugural speech of Prof. Walter Minto upon his instatement as the professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy at Princeton. “Noteworthy for its eloquence, his argument refuted the charge that the study of mathematics made men skeptical of everything that was not susceptible of a mathematical demonstration. On the contrary, Minto maintained that mathematics was the very handmaiden of religion, and that a student who lacked religious reverence did so because God had not bestowed him with sufficient understanding....[Minto] is credited with the liber- alization of the college curriculum to offer mathematics and the physical sciences in place of the traditional requirements of Greek and Latin” – ANB. EVANS 21260. MORSCH 73. FELCONE 140. ANB (online). $1500.

James Monroe Arranges to Keep Informed While an American Diplomat in Europe, 1794

109. Monroe, James: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM JAMES MONROE TO SENATOR JOHN LANGDON OF NEW HAMPSHIRE]. Baltimore. June 19, 1794. [1]p., docketed on verso. Single quarto sheet. Old fold lines. Light wear and soiling, two older tape repairs on verso. Staining on right edge. Good plus.

James Monroe writes to New Hampshire Senator John Langdon immediately before Monroe’s departure to take up his position as U.S. Minster to France. Monroe resigned his Virginia seat in the Senate to accept the diplomatic position to France. In this letter he asks Langdon to remain informed about affairs in the Senate:

Dear sir, I cannot take my departure without dropping you a line to request that you will occasionally write & give me such information as you know I expect to possess, where I am going. I sail in a few hours upon a mission which was little thought of when you left Philadelphia. Present our best respects to Mrs. Langdon & yr. daughter & be assured of the esteem & regard with I am sincerely yours, Jas. Monroe.

John Langdon (1741-1819) was a New Hampshire merchant and politician who was one of New Hampshire’s first senators. He served as president pro tempore of the Senate and later held the office of the governor of the state. Though he started out as a Federal- ist, Langdon switched his views and allegiances to the Jeffersonian Repub- licans around 1794. He and Monroe served in the Senate together before Monroe left to begin his diplomatic career across the Atlantic. Further evidence of their continued friendship is indicated by President Monroe’s visit to Langdon while he was in New Hampshire in 1817. James Monroe (1758-1831) was serving as a Senator from Virginia when he was appointed U.S. Minister to France, where he served from 1794 to 1796. In the end Monroe was considered too friendly to the French cause and was replaced by Charles Cotesworth Pinckney. He was subsequently twice governor of Virginia, Minister to Britain, Secretary of War, and Secretary of State before being elected to the office of the presidency in 1817. $7500.

Gouverneur Morris Expresses a Sense of Duty

110. Morris, Gouverneur: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM GOUVERNEUR MORRIS, AMERICAN FINANCIER AND FRAMER OF THE CONSTITUTION, TO HIS NEPHEW, JAMES MORRIS]. Paris. Jan. 7, 1793. [3]pp., docketed on verso of last leaf. Light fold lines. Near fine.

A lengthy letter from Gouverneur Morris to his nephew, James Morris, providing details of a 1787 loan on which significant interest was still due from the debtor, Morris’ older half-sister, Mary Morris Lawrence. Morris composed this letter while serving as U.S. Finance minister to France. Most of the text is an explanation of the interest due. He states that a recent payment was made through William Constable, Morris’ former business partner and who, along with other Philadelphia associates, had loaned Morris the money needed to purchase the family estate, Morrisiana, in 1787. He then embarks on a description of the remaining debt and entreats his nephew to facilitate payment “speedily.” Morris ends his letter with this statement: “I perfectly agree with you that a small sum on my farm with contentment is better than any thing in a situation like that in which I am now placed but the first of all enjoyments is that which results from doing our duty.” Having previously served as an assistant to Robert Morris (no relation) in the Department of Finance under the Articles of Confederation, Morris was named to the Constitutional Convention in 1787. Credited with being that document’s “stylist,” he would write in a later letter to Thomas Pickering: “the Constitution was written by the hand which writes you this letter; having rejected all the equivocal and redundant terms, I thought it as clear as our language would permit.” Morris would later serve in the U.S. Senate and participate in the re-mapping of the city of New York that was largely responsible for its present grid pattern. Good evidence of Morris’ personal finances and a fine expression of his civic spirit. ANB 15, pp.898-99. $4250.

Extra-Illustrated

111. [Morris, Gouverneur]: Sparks, Jared: THE LIFE OF GOUVER- NEUR MORRIS, WITH SELECTIONS FROM HIS CORRE- SPONDENCE AND MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS.... Boston: Gray & Bowen, 1832. Three volumes. xii,520; vi,531; iv,520pp. Extra-illustrated with numerous plates. Polished calf, spine heavily gilt, leather label. Lightly rubbed at extremities. Quite clean internally. Near fine. In a brown cloth slipcase.

One of Sparks’ many biographies of important Americans. Gouverneur Morris (1752-1816) was a diplomat and framer of the Constitution. This set of his biography is particularly notable for the many plates that illustrate the volume, which have been inserted by a previous owner. The inserted plates depict numerous important political figures, including Lafayette, John Adams, and several images of Morris himself. AMERICAN IMPRINTS 14802. SABIN 88990. ANB (online). HOWES S817. $1750. Robert Morris Tries to Sell Off Land

112. [Morris, Robert]: [MANUSCRIPT DETAILING THE SALE OF LAND FROM ROBERT MORRIS TO THE BANK OF NORTH AMERICA]. [Philadelphia]. March 18, 1797. [12]pp. Folio. Stitched as issued. Toned, minor wear to extremities. Very good.

Manuscript outlining Robert Morris’ contract with the Bank of North America regarding fifty-eight large parcels of land in central and western Pennsylvania. In an act of desperation Morris signed over his investment, attempting to appease his growing legion of creditors. Morris, with his two partners, James Greenleaf and John Nicholson, formed the North American Land Company in 1795. The company acquired nearly six million acres of land which was put into a trust, with stock being issued at $100 per share, and each share representing 200 acres of real estate. When the market for real estate investment collapsed due to the Napoleonic Wars and the Panic of 1797, Morris was besieged with creditors. Although he made several attempts, such as this sale, to raise funds, he was eventually sent to debtor’s prison, where he remained for three and a half years. The official document bears the original wax and seals of the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia. $6500.

113. Morse, Jedidiah: THE AMERICAN UNIVERSAL GEOGRAPHY, OR, A VIEW OF THE PRESENT STATE OF ALL THE EMPIRES, KINGDOMS, STATES, AND REPUBLICS IN THE KNOWN WORLD, AND OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA IN PARTICULAR. Boston. 1793. Two volumes. 696; [4],520,*521-*528,521- 552pp., plus one plate and ten folding maps. Antique-style three-quarter calf and marbled boards. Light scattered foxing and soiling. Very good.

Jedidiah Morse (1761-1826) was a noted clergyman and an important contributor to geographical publications, considered the “father of American Geography.” In 1797 he published The American Gazetteer, which went through several editions. “During their author’s lifetime the Morse geographies virtually monopolized their field in the United States” – DAB. Morse published his American Geography in 1789, which was well received. “Morse began to revise his book as soon as it was published. He also expanded it to include the eastern hemisphere in a second volume, against the advice of some of his colleagues. The revision was published in 1793 as The American Universal Geography, with volume one on the United States and volume two on the rest of the world. Within two years the new book had sold 6,000 copies of volume one and 4,500 of volume two” – ANB. EVANS 25847. RINK 268. WHEAT & BRUN 19, 153, 168, 438, 494, 686, 706, 758, 844, 873. $1500. The Rare Final Edition of the Fourth Book of The English Pilot, the First Entirely English Sea Atlas of American Waters

114. [Mount and Davidson (publishers)]: THE ENGLISH PILOT THE FOURTH BOOK. DESCRIBING THE WEST-INDIA NAVIGA- TION, FROM HUDSON’S BAY TO THE RIVER AMAZONES [sic]. PARTICULARLY DELINEATING THE COASTS, CAPES, HEADLANDS, RIVERS, BAYS, ROADS, HAVENS, HARBOURS, STREIGHTS, ROCKS, SANDS, SHOALS, BANKS, DEPTHS OF WATER, AND ANCHORAGE, WITH ALL THE ISLANDS THEREIN...ALSO A NEW DESCRIPTION OF NEWFOUND- LAND, NEW ENGLAND, NEW YORK, EAST AND WEST NEW JERSEY, DELLAWAR [sic] BAY, VIRGINIA, MARYLAND, CAROLINA, &c. SHEWING THE COURSES AND DISTANCES FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER; THE EBBING AND FLOW- ING OF THE SEA, THE SETTING OF THE TIDES AND CUR- RENTS, &c. WITH MANY OTHER THINGS NECESSARY TO BE KNOWN IN NAVIGATION. THE WHOLE BEING MUCH ENLARGED AND CORRECTED, WITH THE ADDITIONS OF SEVERAL NEW CHARTS AND DESCRIPTIONS. London: Mount and Davidson, 1794. Letterpress title (verso blank), text pp.[3-]66 with numerous illustrations, including a half-page “Draught of the Bay of Homda,” four three-quarter-page engraved maps or charts, and about 250 woodcut coastal profiles and harbors. Twenty-two engraved maps and charts. Folio. Expertly bound to style in half 18th-century russia and period marbled boards, spine with raised bands. Very good.

The English Pilot, in five separate books, was the first major sea-atlas published in England. ...The Fourth Book was the first wholly English sea-atlas of American waters. The English Pilot, taken as a whole, had a long and complex publishing history that illustrates the development of the chart trade in England during its formative period. Introduced in 1689 by John Thornton and William Fisher, The Fourth Book was the most successful of the five, and had the longest continuous run of editions. “The Fourth Book of the Pilot is of special interest to American carto-bibliographical description because it was the first great atlas of wholly English origin to deal exclusively with American waters; because its production involved some of the most noted map makers and publishers of the time; and because through successive editions its maps illustrated the unfolding geographical knowledge of the American coast within a century of exploration and settlement” – Verner (p. vii). The present 1794 edition of The Fourth Book contains important material not found in the earliest editions: Andrew Hughes’ “A Draught of South Carolina and Georgia,” added in 1778, is one of the best sea charts of these regions of the late 18th century; Edmund Halley’s “A New and Correct Chart of the Western and Southern Oceans,” in its various editions, is one of the landmarks of English cartography; the revised 1775 edition of Cyprian Southack’s famous “Map of the Coast of New England” is the first to contain the large inset of Boston based on John Bonner’s great map; the unattributed “Chart of New York Harbour” is a significant addition to the cartography of that city. The charts in this edition comprise:

1) [Edmund Halley (1656-1742)]: “A New and Correct Chart of the Western and Southern Oceans Shewing the Variations of the Compass According to the latest and best Observations.” London: Sold by W. & I. Mount & T. Page on Tower Hill. Folding (25 x 22½ inches), flanked by panels of separately printed pasted-on text titled “The Description and Uses of a New and Correct Sea-Chart of the Western and Southern Ocean, Shewing the Variations of the Compass.” This folding chart precedes the titlepage. It is a corrected edition of Edmund Halley’s landmark 1701 chart with the same title. Peter Barbour hailed that chart as the “most significant cartographic achievement of Williamite England” (The Age of William III & Mary II, plate 106). It was one of the earliest thematic maps, and the first to show lines of equal magnetic variation, which was an important advance for navigation. A version of Halley’s chart was added to The Fourth Book in 1721, but was discontinued in favor of this revised version in 1749. As noted in the flanking text, there is a “perpetual though slow Change in the Variation almost everywhere, which has made it necessary to construct [the chart] anew from accurate Observations, made by the most ingenious Navigators.” 2) “A New and Correct Chart of the North Part of America from New Found Land to Hudsons Bay.” London: sold by W. & I. Mount & T. Page. Double-page (19 x 23 inches). 3) “A New Generall Chart for the West Indies of E. Wright’s Projection.” London: sold by W. and J. Mount and J. Page. Double-page (19 x 23 1/8 inches). 4) Emanuel Bowen (d. 1767): “A New and Accurate Chart of the vast Atlantic or Western Ocean.” [London]: sold by J. Mount & T. Page. Folding (26 1/4 x 31 3/4 inches). This fine general chart was a recent addition to The Fourth Book, first appearing in the 1778 edition. 5) [Captain Cyprian Southack (1662-1745)]: “The Harbour of Casco Bay, and Islands Adjacent.” London: sold by J. Mount & T. Page. Double-page (19 x 23 inches). CUMING, p.42 (ref ). 6) “A New and Correct Chart of the Coast of New Foundland from Cape Raze to Cape Bonavista” [with inset of Chebucto Harbor]. London: sold by W. & I. Mount & T. Page. Folding (19 x 41 inches). 7) “A Chart of the South-East Coast of Newfoundland.” [London]: printed for Mount and Page. Folding (19 7/8 x 24 3/4 inches). Added to The Fourth Book in 1780. 8) Captain Henry Barnsley: “A New and Correct Chart of the Sea Coast of New- England from Cape Codd [sic] to Casco Bay.” London: sold by W. & I. Mount & T. Page. Folding (22 1/4 x 47 1/4 inches). 9) Captain Cyprian Southack: “A Map of the Coast of New England, from Staten Island to the Island of Breton; as it was actually Survey’d by Capt. Cyprian Southack.” London: sold by I. Mount, T. Page & W. Mount. Folding (26 x 32 inches). This is a reduction of the eight-sheet chart that made up The New England Coasting Pilot (London, 1729-34), by Southack, one of New England’s most knowledgeable and experienced pilots. This reduction was added to The Fourth Book in 1775, and replaced an earlier version of the chart that had first appeared in the 1737 edition. The present new version is distinguished by two new insets that do not appear in any other edition of Southack’s chart. One of these, a large plan of “The Town of Boston in New England,” is an unattributed reduction of John Bonner’s famous map, “the earliest and most important engraved plan of Boston.” WHEAT & BRUN 224 (ref). DEÁK 79. REPS, AMERICAN MAPS AND MAPMAKERS, pp.221-22. KRIEGER & COBB, MAPPING BOSTON, pp.43-44. 10) “A Chart of New York Harbour with the Banks Soundings and Sailing marks from the most Accurate Surveys and Observations.” [N.p., no publisher’s imprint]. Folding (25 1/4 x 22 3/4 inches). A fine sea chart of New York Harbor which replaced Mark Tiddeman’s outdated “Draught of New York,” which had appeared in early editions of this work since 1732. 11) [ John Thornton]: “Virginia, Maryland, Pennsilvania, East & West Jersey.” [London]: sold by Jno: Mount & Thos. Page. Folding (23 1/4 x 32 1/4 inches). A classic chart of the Chesapeake Region, originally published in 1689. It is a close copy of Augustine Herrman’s map. The delineation of Delaware Bay and New Jersey includes additional data, probably from the Holme map of Pennsyl- vania. Verner describes this chart as Thornton’s most notable contribution to Maryland-Virginia cartography. Morrison, On the Map, fig. 36. 12) Mark Tiddeman: “A Draught of Virginia from the Capes to York River and to Kuiquotan or Hamton in James River.” London: sold by W. & I. Mount & T. Page. Double-page (19 x 22 7/8 inches). Trimmed close as usual. The first printed map to show Williamsburg. 13) Andrew Norwood: “A New Mapp of the Island of St. Christophers being an Actuall Survey taken by Mr. Andrew Norwood Surveyr. Genll.” With insets of Guadeloupe and Martinique. [London]: sold by W. Mount & T. Page. Double- page (19 x 23 inches). 14) Andrew Hughes: “A Draught of South Carolina and Georgia from Sewee to St. Estaca.” With lengthy integral engraved text entitled “Instructions for the Coast of South Carolina Georgia and the Coast of St. Augustine.” London: sold by W. Mount and T. Page. Folding (19 x 33 1/8 inches). This is one of the finest 18th-century sea charts for the coasts from Sewee River to St. Augustine, and an important recent addition to The Fourth Book. It was first added to the 1778 edition. 15) “A Correct Chart of the Caribbee Islands.” London: sold by Mount & Page. Double-page (19 x 23 1/4 inches). 16) C. Price: “A Correct Chart of Hispaniola with the Windward Passage.” London: Jno. Mount & Tho. Page. Folding (20 1/8 x 24 1/8 inches). 17) “A Draught of the West End of the Island of Porto Rico and the Island of Zachee....A Draught of the Island of Beata... [etc.].” Five charts on one sheet. [N.p., no publishers’ names]. Folding (19 5/8 x 24 1/2 inches). 18) “A New & Correct Chart of Cuba, Streights of Bahama, Windward Passage, the Current through the Gulf of Florida.” With an inset plan of Havana. [London]: sold by Mount & Page. Folding (21 1/4 x 26 1/8 inches). First added to the atlas in 1767. 19) R. Pearson: “A New and Correct Draught of the Bay of Matanzas on ye North Side of ye Island Cuba....” [N.p., no publishers’ names]. Half sheet (18 7/8 x 12 inches). 20) “A New & Correct Chart of the Island of Jamaica, with its Bays, Harbours, Rocks, Soundings &c.” [London]: sold by J. Mount & T. Page. Folding (21 1/8 x 27 1/4 inches). 21) R. Waddington: “A Chart of the Coast of Guyana.” With two insets of the Orinocco and Surinam rivers. [N.p., no publishers’ names]. Folding (19 1/4 x 25 inches). 22) “A New and Correct Chart of the Trading Part of the West Indies.” London: sold by I. Mount & T. Page. Folding (19 x 32 3/8 inches). This is a general chart of the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico, showing the entire United States Gulf Coast.

PHILLIPS, ATLASES 1171. Verner, The English Pilot the Fourth Book [facsimile] (London, 1689). $45,000.

Sending Representatives to the New Federal Congress

115. [New Hampshire]: STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE [sic]. IN THE YEAR OF OUR LORD ONE THOUSAND SEVEN HUNDRED AND NINETY. AN ACT DIRECTING THE MODE OF CHOOS- ING REPRESENTATIVES TO THE CONGRESS OF THE UNI- TEDSTATES [sic]. [Exeter?, N.H. 1790]. Broadside, approx. 14 x 10 inches, with attached strip, 1¾ x 10 inches. Light early stains and a few small holes, with slight loss to one word. Contemporary ink inscription in bottom margin; additional contemporary date and signatures on attached strip. Contemporary ink inscriptions on verso of main leaf (reading “Wolfsborough”) and attached strip. Very good.

New Hampshire broadside detailing the election procedures for the representatives to the Second Congress, with the term for the newly elected officials to commence in March 1791 for a two-year period. The inscription in the lower margin reads:

Pursuant to the above Act, the Inhabitants of Wolfborough are hereby Noti- fied to meet at the Dwelling house of Benjn. Wiggins in sd. Town on the Last Monday of this Inst. Augst. at Three O Clock in the afternoon for the purposes of therein Mentioned. Also to transact any other Business that may then and there be thought Necessary.

The document is signed in the attached strip: “Wolfborough 12th, Augst., 1790 Richd. [?] [and] Jacob Haines Select Men.” The verso of the strip reads: “An Act for to Choose Representatives also a Warrant for Town Meeting for the Choice of Representatives.” A total of four copies are recorded by OCLC and NAIP. EVANS 22704. $2750.

116. [New Hampshire]: THE CONSTITUTION OF NEW HAMP- SHIRE, AS ALTERED AND AMENDED BY A CONVENTION OF DELEGATES, HELD AT CONCORD, IN SAID STATE, BY ADJOURNMENT, ON THE SECOND WEDNESDAY OF FEB- RUARY, M.DCC.XCII. [bound with:] ARTICLES IN ADDITION TO AND AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE, AGREED TO BY THE CON- VENTION OF SAID STATE, AND SUBMITTED TO THE PEO- PLE THEREOF FOR THEIR APPROBATION. Concord/Dover. 1792. 59; 31pp. Antique-style half calf and marbled boards, spine gilt, leather label. Minor tanning. Very good. First work untrimmed.

Two rare works relating to the first New Hampshire constitution. The first is a pre-approval 1792 printing of the New Hampshire constitution, emanating from the state’s constitutional convention of 1791-92. As noted in the separately published Articles in Addition to an Amendment of the Constitution of the State of New Hampshire (included here), it was ordered that the state constitution be printed “and sent to the several towns and incorporated places, as soon as may be, to be laid before each town and unincorporated place.” A final amended and approved version of New Hampshire’s constitution, approved in September 1792, was also printed in Concord by George Hough later that same year. The second work contains the amendments to the first New Hampshire constitution. Having rejected the constitutions of 1781 and 1783, the people of New Hampshire finally hammered out something they could live with in these seventy-two revisions to the 1792 constitution. They were approved by an election in August and took effect in September 1792. Both works are scarce. EVANS 25871 (listed in error under 1793), 24577. SABIN 52815 (roman numerals in title mis-transcribed), 52802. OCLC 41886220, 1874728. $1500.

The New Jersey Constitution

117. [New Jersey]: [Griffith, William]: EUMENES: BEING A COLLEC- TION OF PAPERS, WRITTEN FOR THE PURPOSE OF EXHIB- ITING SOME OF THE MORE PROMINENT ERRORS AND OMISSIONS OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF NEW-JERSEY...AND TO PROVE THE NECESSITY OF CALL- ING A CONVENTION, FOR REVISION AND AMENDMENT. Trenton: Printed by G. Craft, 1799. vi,[9]-149,[6]pp. Later plain wrappers, paper label. Wrappers edgeworn, splitting along front hinge. Light, even tanning. About very good. In a half morocco box.

This copy bears the ownership signature of Elisha Boudinot on page 29. The tract’s author, William Griffith, studied law in Boudinot’s office in Newark before being admitted to the bar in 1788. Boudinot’s brother, Elias, was an important New Jersey lawyer and politician, a member of the Continental Congress in the 1770s and ’80s, and a U.S. Representative from 1789 to 1795. This scarce collection of essays by William Griffith, a prominent Burlington lawyer and legal writer, argues for the revision of the Revolutionary-era New Jersey constitution. The original constitution, crafted over a period of five days and signed just before the Declaration of Independence, was a document that did little more than proclaim the state’s independence from royal authority and establish a basic framework for government. In these essays, some of which had been printed in the State Gazette, Griffith sought to “bring home to every man’s heart, a conviction of the actual evils which arise out of the theoretic errors of the constitution.” The fifty-three essays point out the defects in the constitution and describe Griffith’s alternatives on issues such as the judiciary, representation, etc. Though Griffith and his Federalist cohorts supported revising the 1776 constitution, the Republicans in the state opposed revision and carried the day. The New Jersey constitution would not be revised until 1844. EVANS 35570. FELCONE 105. SABIN 28829. COHEN 3194. $3500.

Agriculture and the Arts in New York

118. [New York]: TRANSACTIONS OF THE SOCIETY, INSTITUTED IN THE STATE OF NEW-YORK, FOR THE PROMOTION OF AGRICULTURE, ARTS, AND MANUFACTURES.... New York & Albany: Childs & Swaine/Loring Andrews, 1792, 1794, 1798, 1799. Four volumes bound in one. xiii,[3]122,[2]; 230,[2]; xli,[1],126,[4]; [6],178pp., plus plates. Quarto. Contemporary calf, ornate gilt spine, gilt maroon morocco label. Internally bright and clean. Very good.

A fine run of the first four parts of this pioneering society’s publication, including numerous useful articles on the arts and agriculture. 1) Part I. The first volume of this eminent record of the advancement of arts and agriculture, with a folding table useful for determining the flowering of certain fruits, and the oration of Dr. S.L. Mitchill delivered before the Society. 2) Part II. With a lengthy treatise by Robert Livingston regarding his experiments with the feed clover, lucerne. 3) Part III. Contains Noah Webster’s interesting treatise on raising potatoes. 4) Part IV. Includes two important treatises by Livingston on the improvement of the steam engine and the making of paper. Each part contains numerous other articles on agriculture and related sciences in America. Together, this collection of important papers marks one of the earliest efforts of New York to advance its mostly agrarian economy, especially since many tracts of land granted as rewards during the Revolution were now becoming stable farm land. All issues of the Transactions... are relatively rare, and certainly more so as collected here. EVANS 24605, 27400, 34221, 35935. RINK 20. $1750.

Earliest American Chart of the North Carolina Coast

119. [Norman, John]: CHART OF THE COAST OF AMERICA FROM CAPE HATERAS [sic] TO CAPE ROMAN FROM THE ACTUAL SURVEYS OF DL. DUNBIBIN ESQ. [Boston: John Norman, 1794]. Copper-engraved sea chart on two joined sheets. Overall sheet size: 21¼ x 33 inches. Very good.

An early issue of the earliest American chart of the North Carolina coast. Wheat & Brun and others speculate that the original version of this map was separately published in 1761, citing an advertisement in the Sept. 14, 1761 Boston Gazette:

The Navigation on the Coast of North and South Carolina being very dangerous on account of the many Bars, Shoals, Sandbanks, Rocks, etc. The late Daniel Dunbibin, Esq. of North Carolina, has, at very great Expence and Labour, draughted the Sea Coast of both the Provinces in a large whole Sheet Chart of 33 inches by 23; together with all the Rivers, Bays, Inlets, Islands, Brooks, Bars, Shoals, Rocks, Soundings, Currents, &c. with necessary Directions to render the Navigation both easy and safe, and are much esteemed by the most expert Pilots....

No copy of this 1761 map is known to exist. It is believed, however, that John Norman re-used the original printing plate for this map, or closely copied a sur- viving example, when he published the first edition of his American Pilot in 1791. This example of Norman’s chart of the North Carolina coastline is present here in its third state (i.e. preceded by the 1761 first issue, and second issue copies from the 1791 and 1792 editions of Norman’s Pilot). This state can be discerned by the addition of “New Inlet” just north of Cape Fear. Additional issues were published through 1803. The American Revolution brought to an end Britain’s leading role in the mapping of America. The task now fell to the American publishing industry, still in its infancy, but with firsthand access to the new surveys that were documenting the rapid growth of the nation. In particular there was a need for nautical charts for use by the expanding New England commercial fleets. The first American marine atlas, Mathew Clark’s A Complete Set of Charts of the Coast of America, was published in Boston in 1790. Two of Clark’s charts had been engraved by John Norman, who was inspired to launch his own enterprise. In January 1790, Norman published a notice in the Boston Gazette stating he was currently engraving charts of all the coast of America on a large scale. These were assembled and published as The American Pilot (Boston, 1791). Norman’s Pilot, the second American marine atlas (indeed the second American atlas of any kind) marked an advance over the earlier work of Mathew Clark. New editions of the Pilot appeared in 1792 and 1794; and after John Nor- man’s death his son, William, brought out editions in 1794, 1798, 1801, and 1803. Despite the seemingly large number of editions, The American Pilot is one of the rarest of all American atlases, and one of the very few published during the 18th century. Wheat & Brun (pp.198-199) locate just ten complete copies for the first five editions: 1791 (Huntington, Harvard); 1792 (Library of Congress, Clements); 1794 (1) (Library of Congress, John Carter Brown, Boston Public); 1794 (2) (Yale); 1798 (Library of Congress, Boston Public). PHILLIPS, MAPS, p.872. Wroth, Some Contributions to Navigation, pp.32-33. WHEAT & BRUN 580 (3rd state). $52,500.

The First Large-Scale Map of the Chesapeake Region Published in America

120. [Norman, John]: Norman, William: A NEW AND ACCURATE CHART OF THE BAY OF CHESAPEAK [sic] INCLUDING THE DELAWARE BAY. Boston: Printed & Sold by W. Norman, [1794]. Cop- per engraved sea chart, on four joined sheets. Overall sheet size: 42½ x 34¼ inches. Very good. Provenance: deaccessioned by the Museum of the City of New York.

This map was first published as part of William Norman’s 1794 edition of The American Pilot. This beautiful example is present here in the first state, with the “St. Mapys” for St. Marys reading in the title. This error was corrected for the 1798 and subsequent editions of the atlas. The American Revolution brought an end to Britain’s leading role in the mapping of America. The task now fell to the American publishing industry still in its infancy, but with firsthand access to the new surveys that were documenting the rapid growth of the nation. In particular there was a need for nautical charts for use by the expanding New England commercial fleets. The first American marine atlas, Mathew Clark’s A Complete Set of Charts of the Coast of America, was published in Boston in 1790. Two of Clark’s charts had been engraved by John Norman, who was inspired to launch his own enterprise. In January 1790, Norman published a notice in the Boston Gazette stating he was currently engraving charts of all the coast of America on a large scale. These were assembled and published as The American Pilot in Boston in 1791. Norman’s Pilot, the second American marine atlas (indeed the second American atlas of any kind) marked an advance over the earlier work of Mathew Clark. New editions of Norman’s Pilot appeared in 1792 and 1794, and after his death his son, William, brought out editions in 1794, 1798, 1801, and 1803. Despite the seemingly large number of editions, The American Pilot is one of the rarest of all American atlases. Wheat & Brun (pp.198-199) locate just ten complete copies for the first five editions: 1791 (Huntington, Harvard); 1792 (Library of Congress, Clements); 1794 (1) (Library of Congress, John Carter Brown Library, Boston Public Library); 1794 (2) (Yale); 1798 (Library of Congress, Boston Public Library). WHEAT & BRUN 310. SWEM, MAPS RELATING TO VIRGINIA 350 (1798 ed). PHILLIPS, MAPS, p.723 (1798 ed). PHILLIPS, VIRGINIA CARTOGRAPHY, p.65 (1798 ed). Wroth, Some Contributions to Navigation, pp.32-33. $95,000.

121. [North American Land Company]: PLAN OF ASSOCIATION OF THE NORTH AMERICAN LAND COMPANY. Philadelphia: Printed by R. Aitken and Son, 1795. 25pp. Contemporary marbled wrappers. Spine lightly chipped. Creasing and minor loss to titlepage, minutely affecting one letter of text. Light, even toning. Very good.

A variant issue (there are three), this one without the folded notary leaf found in one issue. The North American Land Company was the great real estate operation floated by Revolutionary financier Robert Morris. One of the greatest land speculations of the period, it purchased six million acres of land in Georgia, Ken- tucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and Pennsylvania. Taxes on the real estate accrued faster than the land could be sold, and the company and Morris ultimately went into bankruptcy. The last copy of this pamphlet at auction, the Park copy in 2000, realized $3600. HOWES P412. ESTC W28890. DE RENNE I, p.270. VAIL 1035. EVANS 29220. EBERSTADT 168:378. ROSENBACH 36:480. SABIN 55548. $3500. Shares in Robert Morris’ Land Speculation

122. [North American Land Company]: [SIX STOCK CERTIFICATES FOR SHARES IN THE NORTH AMERICAN LAND COMPA- NY]. Philadelphia. 1795. Six printed broadsides, completed in manuscript (one matted and framed), approximately 9¾ x 12½ inches each. A few small, closed tears around edges. Left margins unevenly cut, other edges untrimmed. Slightly tanned, scattered foxing. Very good.

A collection of six stock certificates for shares in the North American Land Com- pany, completed and signed on April 18, 1795. Five of the certificates are issued to Dr. Enoch Edwards for eighteen shares total, while one is made out to “Bird Savage & Bird of London” for five shares. Edwards was a member of the Penn- sylvania legislature that drafted its state constitution in 1776, served as George Washington’s personal physician during the Revolutionary War, and maintained close relationships and correspondence with many key figures of the Revolution, including Thomas Jefferson. The North American Land Company was the great real estate operation floated by Revolutionary War financier Robert Morris. One of the greatest land speculations of the period, it purchased six million acres of land in Georgia, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and Pennsylvania. The certificates are signed by Morris and by James Marshall, the secretary of the Company. These shares represent an attempt to exploit undeveloped western lands that proved premature, and Morris failed to see the West develop the potential that he had envisioned. Taxes on the real estate accrued faster than the land could be sold, and the company and Morris ultimately went into bankruptcy, and Morris spent several years in debtor’s prison beginning in 1798. $6000.

The Superlatively Rare Carolina Constitutional Convention Proceedings, Failing to Ratify the Constitution

123. [North Carolina]: [United States Constitution]: PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE CONVENTION OF NORTH-CARO- LINA, CONVENED AT HILLSBOROUGH, ON MONDAY THE 21st DAY OF JULY, 1788, FOR THE PURPOSE OF DELIBER- ATING AND DETERMINING ON THE CONSTITUTION AT PHILADELPHIA, THE 17th DAY OF SEPTEMBER, 1787. Eden- ton, N.C.: Hodge & Willis, 1789. 280pp. 19th-century three-quarter brown morocco and marbled boards, spine gilt, marbled edges. Head of spine renewed, corners lightly worn. Some minor foxing and light even toning. Very good.

One of the rarest of works relating to the debates over the Federal Constitution, the journal of the debates held by North Carolina regarding its ratification. It publishes the proceedings of North Carolina’s inconclusive first ratification convention, which took place in Hillsborough from July 21 to Aug. 2, 1788. The U.S. Constitution was published on Sept. 17, 1787 and passed along to the states for ratification. The Constitutional Convention had ruled that, despite the wish for ratification to be unanimous, only nine of the thirteen states were required in order to pass the new constitution into law. North Carolina dragged its heels over the matter from the beginning and was the last of the states to call for a ratifying convention, on Dec. 6, 1787. By the time the state convention met the next July, eleven states had already ratified the federal document (New Hampshire on June 21, Virginia on June 25, and New York on July 26). Nonetheless, many considered ratification a necessary step before the state could join the Union. North Carolina was split between the pro-Federalists, mainly low country plant- ers and merchants, and anti-Federalists, mostly poorer farmers from the Piedmont. Despite the eloquent arguments of James Iredell of Edenton, leader of the Federal- ist group, the convention foundered over concern for the protection of individual rights. On Aug. 2 they agreed “neither to ratify nor reject the Constitution proposed for the government of the United States.” They did pass a Declaration of Rights, listing twenty basic liberties, and a proposed list of twenty-six amendments to the Federal Constitution. Most of these concerns ended up being addressed by the Bill of Rights. North Carolina was thus left in a strange limbo, generally treated as a state, but not seating delegates to the first session of the first federal Congress in the spring of 1789. When a new convention was scheduled for Nov. 17, 1789 in Fayetteville, Ire- dell and other Federalists paid to have the proceedings of the previous convention published and distributed, believing it supported their cause. This volume appeared on June 18, 1789. The second convention, no doubt buoyed by the passage of the Bill of Rights by the U.S. Congress, swiftly ratified the Constitution on Nov. 21, becoming the twelfth state to do so. It then underscored the importance of the Bill of Rights in its decision by becoming the third state to ratify it, on Dec. 22. This work is one of the rarest of the state constitutional debates. We have handled only one other complete copy in the past. EVANS 22037. NAIP w036269. McMURTRIE (NORTH CAROLINA) 144. SABIN 55667. $22,500.

The Iredell Laws of North Carolina

124. [North Carolina]: LAWS OF THE STATE OF NORTH-CAROLI- NA. PUBLISHED, ACCORDING TO ACT OF ASSEMBLY, BY JAMES IREDELL, NOW ONE OF THE ASSOCIATE JUSTICES OF THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES. Edenton, N.C.: Printed by Hodge & Wills, 1791. iv,[2],712,xxi pp. plus 3pp. subscribers list. Folio. Contemporary tooled sheep, raised bands, gilt morocco label. Boards a bit rubbed and scuffed, worn at edges and corners. Chipped at head of spine. Internally clean and fresh. Very good.

The celebrated “Iredell edition” of the laws of the state of North Carolina was compiled and revised by noted jurist James Iredell, who was appointed justice to the Supreme Court before he turned forty. Iredell collected in chronological order all the laws then in force in the state, dating back to the early 18th century, and provided an extensive subject index. A crucial collection of the laws of North Carolina. McMURTRIE (NORTH CAROLINA) 170. EVANS 23641. SABIN 55637. $4750.

Governing the Western Territories in 1792

125. [Northwest and Southwest Territories]: SECOND CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES: AT THE FIRST SESSION...AN ACT RE- SPECTING THE GOVERNMENT OF THE TERRITORIES OF THE UNITED STATES NORTH WEST AND SOUTH OF THE RIVER OHIO [caption title]. [Philadelphia: Printed by Childs and Swaine, 1792]. Broadside, printed on a folio sheet. [Printed on the same sheet with:] AN ACT TO COMPENSATE THE SERVICES OF THE LATE COLONEL GEORGE GIBSON [caption title]. Contemporary manuscript note in ink in upper left and lower left corners, creased in upper left and lower right corners. Evenly tanned. Good.

A very rare and important early American law regarding the westward expansion of the United States and the government and rule of law in the Northwest Territory and in the region that is now Tennessee. The Northwest Ordinance, passed by the Continental Congress in 1787, created the Northwest Territory in the region north and west of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi River. In 1790 the Southwest Ordinance created a governmental organization in the area south of the Ohio River, in what is now Tennessee (Kentucky being a part of Virginia until it was made a state in 1792). These territories were initially governed under a form of martial law, in which the territorial governor was also the region’s senior army officer. Territorial legislatures were not created until later in the 1790s (before that laws were enacted by the governor and local judges). The present Congressional Act, passed five years after the Northwest Ordinance and two years after the Southwest Ordinance, orders the official printing of the laws that have been enacted by the governor and judges of the Northwest and Southwest territories in an edition of 200 copies, to be delivered for distribution to the inhabitants throughout the territories. The same number of copies of the laws of the United States are to be distributed to the governor and judges in the territories. This Act also allows the governor and judges to repeal any laws they have made that they later deem improper, authorizes the territorial judges to hold courts, and directs the Secretary of State to “provide proper seals for the several and respective public offices in the said territories.” The additional Act printed below the Northwest laws provides for a payment of one thousand dollars to the heirs of Col. George Gibson “for extraordinary services by him rendered to the United States during the year one thousand seven hundred and seventy-six.” Gibson served with distinction during the Revolution, fighting at Trenton under George Washington. He was mortally wounded in late 1791 at the Battle of Wabash in the Northwest Territory (also known as “St. Clair’s Defeat”) and died shortly thereafter. NAIP locates only three copies, at the American Antiquarian Society, New York Public Library, and Rhode Island Historical Society. Rare, and important in the development of law on the American frontier in the early days of the United States. NAIP w000380. EVANS 24902. $6000.

A Rare Travel Narrative, with Mention of Mackenzie’s Voyage

126. [Ogden, John C.]: A LETTER FROM A GENTLEMAN TO HIS FRIEND, IN ENGLAND, DESCRIPTIVE OF THE DIFFERENT SETTLEMENTS IN THE PROVINCE OF UPPER CANADA. Phil- adelphia: Printed by W.W. Woodward, 1795. 30pp. 12mo. Gathered signatures, string-tied as issued. Several stab holes in the inner margin. Near fine.

Ogden travelled to Quebec, Montreal, Kingston, and Niagara in 1794. As with the same author’s account of his later travels in Pennsylvania, this is an entertain- ing narrative. The present account, which is dated as having been written in New York on Nov. 20, 1794, was included in Ogden’s A Tour Through Upper and Lower Canada, published in Litchfield, Connecticut in 1799 and printed on pages 91-119 of that work. This earlier Philadelphia printing is quite rare and considered one of the earliest and fullest estimations of the newly created Province of Upper Canada (established in 1791) and its potential, discussing settlement, administration, and commercial possibilities. A brief description of Detroit, Michilimackinac, and Fort Miami concludes the Letter..., with a mention of Mackenzie’s overland expedition to the Pacific. Of this text Kingsford states:

This volume...gives the fullest picture we possess of the condition of the Prov- ince in 1794....We learn that the rights of the Indians were extinguished by fair and just purchase....The writer describes the political institutions of the country, and much of its interior economy....This unpretentious volume is one of the most useful which we possess of this class.

A London edition, under a slightly different title, appeared the same year, but we presume this Philadelphia edition to be the first. The Brinley sale catalogue describes this work as “scarce,” and Rosenbach when offering a copy in 1911 called it “exceedingly interesting” and one of the sources of Longfellow’s Evangeline. Of considerable additional interest in this work is the very early mention of Alexander Mackenzie’s voyage to the Pacific. Ogden describes Mackenzie’s voyage, completed the previous year, and credits him with being the first person to successfully traverse the continent. Mackenzie had just returned to Montreal, where Ogden evidently met him. Very rare. This is the first copy we have handled in over forty years in the trade, and we know of only one other copy to trade, privately, in that period. EVANS 29236. ESTC W13428. SABIN 10504. DECKER 38:56. TPL 670. KINGS- FORD, pp.46-48. BRINLEY SALE 8126. ROSENBACH 6:52. $4500.

127. Ogden, John C.: AN EXCURSION INTO BETHLEHEM & NAZA- RETH, IN PENNSYLVANIA, IN THE YEAR 1799; WITH A SUC- CINCT HISTORY OF THE SOCIETY OF UNITED BRETHREN, COMMONLY CALLED MORAVIANS. Philadelphia. 1800. 167pp. plus errata. Extra-illustrated with a folding plate and view of Bethlehem, Penn- sylvania. 12mo. Contemporary half calf and boards, gilt leather labels. Front hinge tender, corners heavily worn, light wear to binding. Later bookplate on front pastedown. Ownership inscription on titlepage. Light toning, some scattered soiling and foxing. About very good.

In the fall of 1779 the author travelled from New York to visit the settlements in Pennsylvania. This is one of the best 18th-century accounts of the Pennsylvania German communities. Ogden’s narrative includes a brief account of the massacre of Christian Indians at Gnadenhutten and Salem, as well as notices of the progress of United Brethren missions in other regions such as the West Indies. An important account of the Moravian settlements. SABIN 56815. HOWES O37, “aa.” EVANS 38149. $1250.

The Original Township Ranges: Remaking the American Landscape

128. [Ohio]: PLAT OF THE SEVEN RANGES OF TOWNSHIPS BE- ING PART OF THE TERRITORY OF THE UNITED STATES N.W. OF THE RIVER OHIO WHICH BY A LATE ACT OF CON- GRESS ARE DIRECTED TO BE SOLD. [Philadelphia: Mathew Carey, 1796]. 24¼ x 13¾ inches (the area of the plate mark). Matted and framed to 33 x 22¼ inches. Old fold lines. Near fine.

A fundamentally important map in the westward development of the United States and the mapping of Ohio and the Old Northwest. This map was created as a result of the Land Ordinance of 1785, which set out an orderly method for surveying and selling western lands. The Confederation Congress hoped that proceeds from these sales would help settle the debts growing out of the American Revolution. The map was created from the surveys of Thomas Hutchins, who had been Geog- rapher to the United States until his death in 1789. Hutchins had already surveyed the area several times, and he and his assistants mapped out four of the original seven township ranges before he died. The final three ranges were subsequently mapped, and the “Seven Ranges” became the first portion of Ohio surveyed under the Land Ordinance of 1785. The area surveyed under the Ordinance and depicted on this map is in the form of a triangle, with a ninety-one-mile western boundary, a forty-two-mile northern boundary, and with the Ohio River forming the eastern boundary. Each township range would consist of thirty-six square miles of territory divided into thirty-six separately numbered square mile sections, each made up of 640 acres. Cer- tain sections were reserved for the federal government, and others were earmarked for sale. Section sixteen in each township was set aside for a public school. The map is drawn on a scale of four miles to the inch. The true importance of this map is not its immediate cartography but what it set in motion. From these townships westward, all of the United States (excepting those areas along the Mississippi or in the Southwest, where French and Spanish settlement had created different land patterns) were laid out in the township grids from Ohio to the Pacific Ocean. More than any other act of man, this has transformed the landscape of America, as anyone looking out an airplane window can readily see. “Very few printed pieces are of more importance in the history of Ohio than this survey of a part of the future state” – Fifty Ohio Rarities. The present map is in Wheat & Brun’s first state, without the publisher’s imprint below the neat line at the bottom. WHEAT & BRUN 676. KARROW (OHIO) 2441. RISTOW, pp.145-47. CLEMENTS LIBRARY, FIFTY OHIO RARITIES 39. SMITH, MAPPING OF OHIO, pp.123-25. EVANS 30918. VAIL 1081. SABIN 94884. $5000.

Scarce Philadelphia Editions of Paine’ Rights of Man, Parts I and II

129. Paine, Thomas: RIGHTS OF MAN: BEING AN ANSWER TO MR. BURKE’S ATTACK ON THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. Philadel- phia: Samuel Harrison Smith, 1791. 105pp. Light wear and soiling. [bound with:] Paine, Thomas: RIGHTS OF MAN. PART THE SECOND. COMBINING PRINCIPLE AND PRACTICE. Philadelphia: H. and P. Rice...and S.H. Smith, 1792. 96pp. Some light foxing. Handsome period- style gilt morocco. Very good.

Scarce second Philadelphia edition of Part I of Paine’s Rights of Man, published shortly after the London first edition and contemporaneously with several Ameri- can editions, along with the similarly scarce second Philadelphia edition of Part II, issued the same year as the London and American first editions. After Burke’s expression of horror at violent revolution in his Reflection on the Revolution in France (1790), Paine responded with Rights of Man, wherein he “took the argument to a higher level. With a force and clarity unequalled even by Burke, Paine laid down those principles of human rights where they must stand no matter what excesses are committed to obtain them” (PMM). “Paine’s Rights of Man was reprinted in America and created a new explosion, not because the principles outlined American Jeffersonian democracy, but because Smith, the publisher, had printed in it an extract of a letter from Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson: ‘I am extremely pleased to find this will be reprinted, and that something is at length to be publicly said against the political heresies which have sprung up against us.’ This was a direct slap at the Vice-President, John Adams, and his adherents rushed to defend him” – Gimbel. “On February 16, 1792 Paine published a second part to his Rights of Man, dealing an even stronger blow for a change of government in England. While the first part of the Rights of Man was relatively mild, due to the survival of royalty in the French Constitution, Part the Second fully developed his great political philosophy” – Gimbel. Rare, with only eight copies in ESTC. HOWES P31, P32. EVANS 23664, 24654. GIMBEL 61, 66 (ref ). ESTC W36410, W36434. PRINTING AND THE MIND OF MAN 241 (ref ). $12,500.

130. Paine, Thomas: THE DECLINE AND FALL OF THE ENGLISH SYSTEM OF FINANCE. Philadelphia: John Page, 1796. [2],33pp. Half title. Dbd. A couple fox marks, else very good and crisp. Untrimmed. Paine’s vituperative essay on the decay of the British finance system. Evidently the first American edition, although there are three Philadelphia editions of 1796 and priority is uncertain. EVANS 30945. KRESS B3266. $500.

The Pennsylvania Constitutional Convention of 1790

131. [Pennsylvania]: MINUTES OF THE CONVENTION OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA WHICH COM- MENCED AT PHILADELPHIA, ON TUESDAY THE TWEN- TY-FOURTH DAY OF NOVEMBER...FOR THE PURPOSE OF REVIEWING, AND IF THEY SEE OCCASION, ALTERING AND AMENDING, THE CONSTITUTION OF THIS STATE. [issued with:] MINUTES OF THE SECOND SESSION OF THE CONVENTION OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYL- VANIA.... [bound with:] MINUTES OF THE GRAND COMMIT- TEE OF THE WHOLE CONVENTION OF THE COMMON- WEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA.... Philadelphia: Printed by Zachariah Poulson, 1789-1790. Three parts bound in one volume. 146; [147]-222; 101pp. Contemporary sheep, expertly rebacked with original spine laid down. Very good. In a blue morocco box. Provenance: Robert J. Fisher (early signature).

Following the adoption of the Federal Constitution and Bill of Rights, Pennsylvania decided to amend its own frame of government, first established with their radical constitution of 1776. The present volume contains the complete minutes of the 1789-90 convention. Often considered a conservative reaction against the excesses of democracy incorporated into the earlier 1776 constitution, the revised document created a bi-cameral legislature and vested strong executive power in the governor and with a separation of powers modeled on the Federal Constitution. Among the delegates to the Convention of 1789-90 were Thomas McKean, James Wilson, Thomas Mifflin, Timothy Pickering, and Abraham Lincoln (of Berks County, an ancestor of the president). With this constitution, which was ratified in 1790, Penn- sylvania went from the most egalitarian state government to the most reactionary. The proceedings of the convention were printed in three parts in folio, and Evans provides each with a separate entry, although the first two are paginated continuously. The work is very rare with all three parts, with the only other examples appearing in auction records being from the libraries of Jay Snider in 2008 and Samuel W. Pennypacker in 1906. This example with provenance to Judge Robert J. Fisher (1806-88), graduate of Yale Law School and chief judge of the 19th Pennsylvania judicial district, who for over thirty years presided over the courts in York and Adams counties. EVANS 22764, 22765, 22766. ESTC W36272, W36271. SABIN 60018. $10,000.

The Second American City Directory

132. [Philadelphia]: White, Francis: THE PHILADELPHIA DIREC- TORY. Philadelphia: Young, Stewart, and M’Culloch, 1785. 98,[1]pp. Con- temporary paper wrappers. Vertical crease, mainly to wrappers. Some browning and dampstaining. Contemporary ownership inscription on titlepage has been rubbed out with loss to paper but not text. Overall, a very good copy of a scarce item. In a half morocco slipcase and cloth chemise.

The second separately printed directory in the United States, issued only ten days after McPherson’s Philadelphia directory. Compiled by Francis White, it lists various notables, including Benjamin Franklin as president of Philadelphia. Scarce. EVANS 19385. SPEAR, p.273. NAIP w027616. HOWES W351, “b.” $9500. Early Diplomacy with Russia

133. Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM CHARLES COTESWORTH PINCKNEY TO FULWAR SKIPWITH, RELAYING INFORMATION FROM THE EM- PEROR OF RUSSIA RELATIVE TO AMERICAN SHIPPING]. Amsterdam. March 6, 1797. [1]p. plus integral address leaf. Quarto, on a folded folio sheet. Old folds. Small loss from wax seal, repaired; affecting a few words of marginal postscript. Some light soiling and foxing. About very good. In a folio-sized brown half morocco and cloth clamshell case, spine gilt.

Charles Cotesworth Pinckney – signer of the Constitution, Founding Father, twice presidential candidate, and President General of the Society of Cincinnati – writes to the U.S. Consul General in France, Fulwar Skipwith, concerning orders he has received from the Russian emperor regarding the shipping of French liquors to Russia. Skipwith served as Consul General for several years and was integral in negotiating the Louisiana Purchase. Pinckney writes from the Netherlands where he awaits further orders from the U.S. government after being expelled from France, where he was serving as U.S. Minister. The French, highly displeased with the results of Jay’s Treaty which the U.S. made with Britain, threatened to imprison Pinckney and evicted him from the country. Pinckney writes:

Sir, I have just received authentic information of the enclosed orders of the Emperor of Russia relative to the importation of the wines & brandies of France in neutral vessels into his territories. As these orders may prove of considerable importance to such of our fellow citizens in France as are concerned in shipping, you will be pleased to communicate them to our consuls, vice consuls & consular agents in that Republic, that our countrymen may be made acquainted with them.

Charles Cotesworth Pinckney (1745-1825) was a South Carolina politician and army officer who rose to the rank of brigadier general in the American Revolution. After the war he set about rebuilding his plantations and fortunes. Elected to the Constitutional Convention in 1787, he signed the U.S. Constitution (as did his cousin, Charles Pinckney), and worked to have the document ratified by his state. Though he turned down several government appointments to pursue his personal affairs, Pinckney did accept a position as Minister to France, which he held only briefly, arriving in December 1796 and leaving in January 1797. Expelled by an indignant French government, angry over the Jay Treaty, Pinckney returned to Paris in September 1797 with Elbridge Gerry and John Marshall to negotiate. He left in April 1798, outraged that the French had tried to extort bribes from the commission. He ran twice as a Federalist candidate for president, in 1804 and 1808, but was elected neither time. From 1805 until his death in 1825 he was President- General of the Society of Cincinnati. A good letter from this Founding Father, concerning diplomatic affairs in France. This letter sold for $475 at Sotheby’s in 1978. $2000. The Quasi-War with France

134. [Quasi-War with France]: AN ACT TO SUSPEND THE COMMER- CIAL INTERCOURSE BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND FRANCE, AND THE DEPENDENCIES THEREOF [caption title]. [Philadelphia. 1798]. [2]pp. on a single folio sheet. Docketed in ink on the verso. Three old horizontal folds. Neat separations at edges of folds with no loss. 3-inch x 1-inch portion of lower left corner torn away, not affecting text. About very good.

Rare congressional act, signed in type at the conclusion by President Adams, Vice President Jefferson, and Speaker of the House Jonathan Dayton, suspending trade with France during the so-called “Quasi-War.” The act was approved June 13, 1798. The Quasi-War was an undeclared conflict between the United States and France during the Adams administration in the late 1790s, manifested mostly in naval engagements. The war was the outgrowth of deteriorating Franco-American relations, which had been weakened earlier in the decade by the “Genet Affair” and the “XYZ Affair,” and it wreaked havoc on commerce between the two nations. One of the main weapons wielded by Adams was to ban American commerce from France and French dependencies, accomplished by this congressional act. The law commands that “no ship or vessel, owned, hired, or employed, wholly or in part, by any person resident within the United States, and which shall depart therefrom after the first day of July next, shall be allowed to proceed directly, or from any intermediate port or place, to any port or place within the territory of the French Republic, or the dependencies thereof, or to any place in the West-Indies, or elsewhere, under the acknowledged government of France, or shall be employed in any traffic or commerce with or for any person resident within the jurisdiction, or under the authority of the French Republic.” The act goes on to bar French commerce and French ships from American ports, and spells out the steps that France must take to end the trade embargo, namely to refrain from the “aggressions, depredations, and hostilities” that they have undertaken against the United States. ESTC locates one copy, at the John Carter Brown Library; there is also a copy at the Library of Congress. Both ESTC and Evans give a collation of 2,2pp., yet this text is complete in the two pages on the single sheet found here, and it is docketed on the verso. It seems that Evans and ESTC are counting a blank conjugate leaf as part of the collation. EVANS 34710. ESTC W14826. $2250.

135. [Quasi-War with France]: LAW OF THE UNITED STATES. BY AUTHORITY. FIFTH CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES... AN ACT, FURTHER TO SUSPEND THE COMMERCIAL IN- TERCOURSE BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND FRANCE, AND THE DEPENDENCIES THEREOF [caption title]. [Philadel- phia. 1799]. Folio broadside, printed in three columns. Docketed in ink on the verso. Three horizontal folds. Some light edge wear, small separations at edges of folds, not affecting text. Very good.

Rare congressional act extending the suspension of trade with France during the so-called “Quasi-War” of the late 1790s, and adding a provision allowing the U.S. Navy to inspect and seize American ships that are violating the embargo. This act was approved Feb. 9, 1799 and extends the provisions of the law first approved on June 13, 1798. It is signed in type at the conclusion by President Adams, Vice President Jefferson, and Speaker of the House Jonathan Dayton. The Quasi-War was an undeclared conflict between the United States and France during the Adams administration in the late 1790s, manifested mostly in naval engagements between the two nations. The war was the outgrowth of deteriorating Franco-American relations, which had been weakened earlier in the decade by the “Genet Affair” and the “XYZ Affair,” and it wreaked havoc on commerce between the two nations. One of the main weapons wielded by Adams was to ban American commerce from France and French dependencies, accomplished by the congressional act of 1798 and extended by the present law. The law forbids American ships from trading with France or with French dependencies, including in the West Indies, and goes on to bar French commerce and French ships from American ports. Significantly, this act goes beyond the provisions of the 1798 law by permitting United States navy vessels to inspect and potentially seize American vessels that have traded with France or with French dependencies. This broadside format is unusual for the printing of a law, and indicates that it was meant to be displayed in ports and customs officers for the attention of ships masters who may have been unaware of the embargo law or willfully violating it. ESTC locates only three copies, at Oxford, the British National Archives, and the American Antiquarian Society. Rare. EVANS 36522. ESTC W42364. OCLC 80514531. $1850.

136. Rawson, Jonathan: A COMPENDIUM OF MILITARY DUTY, ADAPTED FOR THE MILITIA OF THE UNITED STATES; IN THREE PARTS.... Dover, N.H.: Eliphalet Ladd, 1793. 240,251-305pp. as usual (along with other pagination errors), but with no interruption in the text. Modern brown straight-grain morocco, boards and spine gilt, inner dentelles gilt. Contemporary ownership inscription on titlepage, later 19th- century ownership inscription on p.[iii]. Moderate age-toning throughout. First two leaves slightly chipped at margins, last three leaves lacking bottom corner, with no loss of text. Very good. In a cloth slipcase. An early and comprehensive American military manual. Rawson incorporates the ideas of von Steuben, Field Marshall Count Saxe, and the Chevalier de la Valiere, as well as his own experiences as aide de camp to the controversial Gen. John Sul- livan during the American Revolution. The text includes observations on the duty of soldiers in general in militia and actual service; infantry, cavalry, and artillery maneuvers; and instructions for officers of “partizan” corps. The appendix contains the text of the 1792 Militia Act, and the work is dedicated to Anthony Wayne. NAIP locates only thirteen copies. SABIN 68016. EVANS 26054. NAIP w011902. $1350.

137. Rede, Leman Thomas: BIBLIOTHECA AMERICANA; OR, A CHRONOLOGICAL CATALOGUE OF THE MOST CURIOUS AND INTERESTING BOOKS, PAMPHLETS, STATE PAPERS, &c. UPON THE SUBJECT OF NORTH AND SOUTH AMER- ICA, FROM THE EARLIEST PERIOD TO THE PRESENT, IN PRINT AND MANUSCRIPT...WITH AN INTRODUCTORY DISCOURSE ON THE PRESENT STATE OF LITERATURE IN THOSE COUNTRIES. London: Printed for J. Debrett, J. Sewell, R. Bald- win & J. Bew and E. Harlowe, 1789. 271pp. plus errata. Quarto. Expertly bound to style in half calf and contemporary marbled boards, spine gilt, red morocco label. Expert repairs to titlepage, some spotting. Provenance: New Jersey College Library (early ink stamp in upper margin of titlepage).

First edition of this important work on early printed and manuscript Americana, with a valuable introductory essay. This anonymous work has been ascribed in the past variously to “[Alexander] Dalrymple, Homer, Long, and Reid” (Church), but is now known to have been written by the miscellaneous writer, Leman Thomas Rede, a student of the Middle Temple (see Stuart C. Sherman, The William & Mary Quarterly, 3rd Ser., Vol. 4, No. 3 [ July 1947], pp.332-349). According to the title, Rede compiled the work from the holdings of the British Museum “and the most celebrated public and private libraries, reviews, catalogues, &c.” It is of particular value as it includes manuscript material in addition to printed works, and also for the seventeen-page “Introductory Discourse on the State of Literature in North and South America,” which includes musings on the benefits of freedom of the press to the development of “Genius” (South America does not compare well with North), as well as interesting details about bookselling in the United States. The demand was for small format works on practical matters. Imported books were generally cheaper than home-produced editions (even with the hefty premiums that booksellers were able to place on the imports) because of the cost of materials and printers’ wages. CHURCH 1235. SABIN 5198. $2750.

A Most Important American Atlas and the First Color Plate Published in America

138. Reid, John, and W. Winterbotham: THE AMERICAN ATLAS; CONTAINING THE FOLLOWING MAPS.... [with:] AN HISTOR- ICAL, GEOGRAPHICAL, COMMERCIAL, AND PHILOSOPHI- CAL VIEW OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, AND OF THE EUROPEAN SETTLEMENTS IN AMERICA AND THE WEST-INDIES. New York. 1796. Reid atlas: Title-leaf plus twenty folding maps (without the added folding plan of Washington, not found in most copies). Winterbotham: Four volumes. vi,[2],590; [4],493; [4],519; [4],516,[19] pp. plus twenty-two (of twenty-six) plates (one in color), lacking portraits of Washington, Penn, and Franklin. Reid atlas: Folio. Modern half calf and marbled boards, calf tipped corners. Titlepage and maps expertly washed and rehinged, signs of foxing remaining on a few maps. Gutter margin on Maine map expertly refurbished. Overall very good. Winterbotham: Three-quarter modern red morocco and marbled boards, spines gilt, leather labels. Tanned, some light foxing, else very good.

The Reid atlas is one of the rarest and most interesting American atlases, preceded only by the 1795 Carey atlas as the earliest United States atlas. It includes detailed engraved maps of North America, South America, and the United States, with individual maps of New Hampshire, Maine, Massachusetts, Vermont, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware and Maryland, Virginia, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee, and the West Indies. The continent maps, the general map of the United States, and those of Kentucky and Washington are copied from the London edition of Winterbotham. The rest of the maps are original to this work. The Winterbotham properly accompanies the Reid atlas, although the two are usually found separately, noted “First American Edition” on the titlepage, although Howes lists an edition of 1795-96, in thirty-three weekly numbers bound in four volumes. He calls the present, enlarged edition the “best.” Winterbotham was prosecuted for sedition for two sermons he preached in 1792. He was found guilty and sentenced to two years’ imprisonment and a fine of £100 for each sermon. He wrote the present work while serving time in Newgate Prison. It treats the discovery and early settlement of America, the American Revolution, each of the states of the Northeast and South, the Northwest Territory, Canada, and settlements in South America and the West Indies. Most of the handsome plates illustrate birds, quadrupeds, and reptiles found in the West Indies. The color plate represents the tobacco plant. These are some of the earliest natural history plates produced in Philadelphia. The plate of the tobacco plant (third volume, opposite p.427) is the first color plate regularly published in an American book, here present in a very good impression, “Publish’d by Smith Reed and Wayland New-York.” HOWES W581, “b.” PHILLIPS, ATLASES 1216, 1366. STREETER SALE 77 (atlas). SABIN 104830, 104833. DNB XXI, pp.693-94. RUMSEY 845. EVANS 31647. $17,500. Rhode Island Fashions Its Own Bill of Rights While Trying to Ratify the Constitution

139. [Rhode Island]: THE BILL OF RIGHTS, AND AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES, AS AGREED TO BY THE CONVENTION OF THE STATE OF RHODE-ISLAND AND PROVIDENCE-PLANTATION AT SOUTH-KINGSTOWN, IN THE COUNTY OF WASHINGTON, ON THE FIRST MONDAY OF MARCH, A.D. 1790 [caption title]. [Providence: John Carter, March 6, 1790]. Broadside, 16½ x 13¾ inches. Archivally matted to 30 x 26 inches. Text printed in three columns. Old fold lines. Wear and minor loss at some folds, affecting a few words of text. Re- inforced at folds on verso. Minor soiling. Very good.

A very rare broadside printing of Rhode Island’s proposed alterations and additions to the already ratified Federal Constitution and Bill of Rights, issued at the time of the ratifying convention of that state. The broadside illustrates the struggle between federal control and individual liberties which made the passage of the Constitution a very closely contested issue. When the Constitution was submitted to the states for ratification, many perceived that the new compact lacked guarantees of fundamental rights. In certain states, ratification was made contingent upon the addition of corrective amendments. Massachusetts, Virginia, South Carolina, New Hampshire, New York, and Rhode Island all submitted drafts of protections to be incorporated in the Constitution. These competing texts were, in many cases, radically different from each other, and it was the thorny task of a Committee of the House of Representatives to reconcile them into seventeen amendments constituting the initial Bill of Rights. This was soon pared to twelve by the Senate, only ten of which were ultimately ratified by the states. The Federal Bill of Rights was sent to the states on Sept. 26, 1789. At this point eleven states had ratified the Constitution, leaving only North Carolina and Rhode Island outside. North Carolina ratified both the Constitution and the Bill of Rights in the fall of 1789, and a total of seven states ratified the Bill of Rights by the beginning of March 1790. On March 1, 1790, Rhode Island finally convened a state ratifying convention, which immediately went to work on the present document, which it passed on March 6. This version of the Bill of Rights, called a Declaration of Rights, lists eighteen items, as does the section of proposed amendments. Among the rights claimed by the citizens of Rhode Island are the right to life, liberty, and happiness; the right to elect officials; the right to fair trial by jury, freedom from unlawful imprisonment, and freedom from cruel and unusual punishment or fines; freedom of speech and the press; the right to bear arms (as well as the right to employ someone to bear arms in one’s stead); and freedom of religion. The amendments proposed guarantee various states’ rights and freedom from the interference of the federal government, and several place requirements on Congress for a majority vote before declaring war, overturning laws, or borrowing money. Perhaps most interestingly, amendment seventeen concerns slavery: “As a traffic tending to establish or continue the slavery of any part of the human species, is disgraceful to the cause of liberty and humanity – that Congress shall, as soon as may be, promote and establish such laws and regulations as may effectually prevent the importation of slaves of every description into the United States.” Not quite three months later, on May 29, 1790, Rhode Island attached a nearly identical set of these recommendations to Rhode Island’s tardy ratification to the Constitution, with the request that they somehow be incorporated. This final vote only barely succeeded, by thirty-two to thirty. Many of the amendments, in their final form, parallel the Bill of Rights. A week later, on June 7, the convention decided to accept the federal version and became the ninth state to do so. The Bill of Rights became the law of the land with Virginia’s ratification on Dec. 15, 1791. NAIP locates only six copies, at the Huntington, Library of Congress, Rhode Island Historical Society, Rhode Island State Library, Westerly Public Library, and the American Antiquarian Society. A rare and important document central to the ratification of the Constitution by the last of the original thirteen states to do so. EVANS 22845. ALDEN 1202. $37,500.

Important Early Pamphlet on Steam Navigation

140. Rumsey, James: A SHORT TREATISE ON THE APPLICATION OF STEAM, WHEREBY IS CLEARLY SHEWN, FROM AC- TUAL EXPERIMENTS, THAT STEAM MAY BE APPLIED TO PROPEL BOATS OR VESSELS OF ANY BURTHEN AGAINST RAPID CURRENTS WITH GREAT VELOCITY. THE SAME PRINCIPLES ARE ALSO INTRODUCED WITH EFFECT, BY A MACHINE OF A SIMPLE AND CHEAP CONSTRUCTION, FOR THE PURPOSE OF RAISING WATER SUFFICIENT FOR THE WORKING OF GRIST-MILLS, SAW-MILLS, &c. AND FOR WATERING MEADOWS AND OTHER PURPOSES OF AGRI- CULTURE. Philadelphia: Printed by Joseph James, 1788. 26pp. Small octavo. Contemporary paper wrappers, uncut. Wrappers split, else very good. Provenance: W.H.H. Newman (Buffalo, New York, bookplate and signature on titlepage).

Second edition, second issue, by one of the two American steam pioneers. James Rumsey’s pamphlet was first published under a slightly different title (A Plan Wherein the Power of Steam is Fully Shewn...) in 1788. It was then reprinted with this title in two different issues (the first with the word “chep” on the title, the second with the word correctly spelled, as here). Rumsey states in the “Advertisement” on the verso of the title-leaf that this pamphlet is reprinted from “a pamphlet published in Virginia, to prove the author’s prior right of applying steam, to propel boats &c. as well as to establish the principles on which he has done it, a few copies were then thought sufficient for that purpose, but as Mr. Fitch intends to answer the pamphlet, it is therefore necessary to re-publish as much of it as respects Mr. Fitch, which is done with no other variation, from the original, than to correct a few of the omissions and mistakes that were introduced into the first publication.” Rumsey and John Fitch entered into a controversy over whose steam-powered boat had priority. Fitch was the first to publicize his invention and obtained a fourteen-year privilege for the manufacture of steam vessels, giving him a virtual monopoly on its production in America. Rumsey’s pamphlet prompted Fitch to reply by publishing his Original Steamboat Supported (1788) in which Fitch attacked Rumsey’s claim to priority. Although neither man was financially successful, Fitch went on to inaugurate the first commercial steamboat service on the Delaware River in 1790. EVANS 21442. RINK 2924. NORMAN 1859. HOWES R499, “b.” STREETER SALE 3961. $4500.

141. Rush, Benjamin: AN EULOGIUM IN HONOR OF THE LATE DR. WILLIAM CULLEN, PROFESSOR OF THE PRACTICE OF PHYSIC IN THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH; DELIVERED BEFORE THE COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADEL- PHIA, ON THE 9th OF JULY, AGREEABLY TO THEIR VOTE OF THE 4th OF MAY, 1790 [caption title]. Philadelphia: Thomas Dob- son, 1790. 30,[1]pp. Dbd. Two ownership inscriptions on titlepage. Final leaf of advertisements detached. Somewhat tanned, scattered foxing. Good plus.

A eulogy for William Cullen, a Scottish physician and chemist, professor at Edin- burgh Medical School, and key figure in the Scottish Enlightenment, who counted among his friends David Hume and Adam Smith. Cullen wrote an expansive and admired medical textbook, “First Lines of Practice of Physic,” and served as physician to the King when he had occasion to be in Scotland. This eulogy was given in Philadelphia by Dr. Benjamin Rush, Founding Father and signer of the Declaration of Independence, who had been a student under Cullen. EVANS 22162. $750.

Dr. Rush Consoles a Friend Whose Wife Died in the Yellow Fever Epidemic: “We live among the dead, and in a valley of human bones.”

142. Rush, Benjamin: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM BEN- JAMIN RUSH TO ELISHA BOUDINOT, CONDOLING BOUDI- NOT ON THE LOSS OF HIS WIFE]. Philadelphia. Sept. 8, 1797. [2] pp. plus integral address leaf. Folio. Old fold lines. Reinforced with tissue at some folds. Tear in blank leaf from wax seal. Lightly soiled. Very good. In a half morocco clamshell case, spine gilt.

A warm letter written by Dr. Benjamin Rush, Philadelphia physician and signer of the Declaration of Independence, to fellow patriot Elisha Boudinot, expressing his condolences upon the loss of Boudinot’s wife. Boudinot (1749-1819) was an early supporter of the Revolution, and was active in New Jersey political and social circles, interacting with many of the important men of the era. He had eleven children with his first wife, Catherine Smith, to whom this letter refers. She died in the terrible yellow fever epidemic of 1797. Boudinot remarried the year following her death. Benjamin Rush was a delegate to the Continental Congress and signed the Declaration of Independence; he later served as surgeon general for the Middle Department of the Continental Army, though he resigned in outrage over the disorganization and corruption in army hospitals. Rush established several medical facilities in Philadelphia, including the College of Physicians in 1787. “Writing prolifically over nearly half a century, Rush was the first American physician to become widely known at home and abroad. More than any other physician, Rush established the reputation of Philadelphia as a center for medical training....His drive to understand mental illness and render the treatment of mental patients more humane earned Rush the title ‘father of American psychiatry’” – ANB. Rush’s letter conveys his sympathies as well as Christian hope for life beyond the grave. It reads, in part:

My dear sir, Permit me to join in the general sympathy your late bereave- ment has excited in the breasts of all your friends....Yes, my dear friend, we live among the dead, and in a valley of human bones. Every newspaper we pick up is an obituary of departed friends, or fellow citizens. At the present awful moment, the passing hearse, the shut up houses, and the silent streets of our city, all proclaim that we are made of the dust, & that we are doomed to return to it. But let us not complain as those who have no hope. The grave shall ere long be robbed of its prey. Even Hell itself shall give up its prisoners. The conquests, & grace of Jesus Christ extend to the utmost limits of fire & misery, & all, all shall in due time be made to partake of the benefits of his infinite atonement. P.S. The fever encreases, but it is confined chiefly to one part of the city. I have hitherto been preserved, except from a light attack of it, which confined me but one day.

In fact, Rush had stayed in Philadelphia to treat those sick with the fever, and was lucky to survive. Later his political opponent, William Cobbett, accused Rush of using his treatments to kill off Federalists. Rush successfully sued Cobbett for libel, driving him out of the United States. $5500.

Benjamin Rush Presents John Jay with His Latest Book: “...private virtue never fails ultimately to subdue prejudice...”

143. Rush, Benjamin: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM BEN- JAMIN RUSH TO GOV. JOHN JAY OF NEW YORK]. Philadelphia. Jan. 14, 1798. [2]pp. plus integral docketing leaf. Folio. Old fold lines. Faint toning; small dampstain on second leaf. Near fine. In a blue half morocco and cloth clamshell case, spine gilt.

Dr. Benjamin Rush writes to his friend, Gov. John Jay, transmitted with a copy of Rush’s Essays. Rush was a delegate to the Continental Congress and signed the Declaration of Independence. He later served as surgeon general for the Middle Department of the Continental Army, though he resigned in outrage over the disorganization and corruption in army hospitals. He established several medical facilities in Philadelphia, including the College of Physicians in 1787. “Writing prolifically over nearly half a century, Rush was the first American physician to become widely known at home and abroad. More than any other physician, Rush established the reputation of Philadelphia as a center for medical training....His drive to understand mental illness and render the treatment of mental patients more humane earned Rush the title ‘father of American psychiatry’” – ANB. The recipient of this letter, John Jay, is no less illustrious. Among his many accomplishments, Jay served as the first chief justice of the Supreme Court, governor of New York, and was instrumental in negotiating the treaty named for him. Rush writes:

Dear Sir, Permit me to request the favor of your acceptance of the enclosed volume of Essays. You will perceive in reading some of them, that the author has been actuated by a belief in the future prevalence of those principles of Universal peace & order which is predicted on the Old & New Testament. Permit me at the same time to express the great pleasure with which I hear from time to time of the satisfaction with which the citizens of the State of New York of all parties and religious denominations, speak of your administration of their government. In the fluctuation of public opinion respecting men, I have uniformly observed that private virtue never fails ultimately to subdue prejudice, and to preserve justice to opinions, and conduct.

This letter likely accompanied a copy of Rush’s Essays, Literary, Moral & Philo- sophical which was published in 1798. A fine letter from a Signer to an important Founding Father. ANB (online). $6500.

144. Rush, Benjamin: OBSERVATIONS UPON THE ORIGIN OF THE MALIGNANT BILIOUS, OR YELLOW FEVER IN PHILADEL- PHIA, AND UPON THE MEANS OF PREVENTING IT: AD- DRESSED TO THE CITIZENS OF PHILADELPHIA. Philadelphia: Thomas Dobson, 1799. 28pp. Dbd. Early ink ownership inscription. Near fine.

Chancellor James Kent’s copy, bearing his signature. Five years after the disastrous yellow fever epidemic of 1793, Philadelphia experienced another particularly deadly wave of the disease, prompting Dr. Benjamin Rush to publish the present work. “[A] retrospect of the scenes of distress which I have witnessed from the terrible disease, and the dread of feeling them speedily renewed, with aggravated circum- stances, have induced me to make one more effort to prevent them, by pointing out their causes, and remedies” (p.3). Instead of making his usual recommendations for heavy bloodletting and calomel, Rush here urges for greater civic cleanliness and personal hygiene. AUSTIN 1675. DAH V, pp.504-5. EVANS 36253. $1250.

145. St. Clair, Arthur: A NARRATIVE OF THE MANNER IN WHICH THE CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE INDIANS...WAS CONDUCT- ED...TOGETHER WITH HIS OBSERVATIONS ON THE STATE- MENTS OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR, AND THE QUARTER MASTER GENERAL...AND THE REPORTS OF THE COM- MITTEES APPOINTED TO INQUIRE INTO THE CAUSES OF THE FAILURE THEREOF.... Philadelphia: Printed by Jane Aitken, 1812. xix,[1],[26],273pp. With the extended list of subscribers not found in all copies. Half title. Original plain paper boards, rebacked with paper spine in antique style. Boards a bit soiled and edgeworn. Old institutional ink stamp on titlepage. Scattered foxing. About very good, untrimmed.

This copy bears a manuscript inscription on the front board: “The Hon. T.L. Halsey.” Thomas Lloyd Halsey, Jr. of Providence, Rhode Island is listed among the subscribers to the work. Halsey was U.S. Consul to Buenos Aires from 1812 to 1819. General St. Clair’s self-defense against the charges and investigation which followed the defeat and slaughter by the Ohio Indians of eight hundred soldiers under St. Clair’s command in 1791. “All of St. Clair’s voluminous defense is rendered nugatory and futile by the passionate ejaculations of Washington, when Major Denny called him from a dinner-party, to announce the defeat. Overcome with surprise and indignation, Washington cursed the beaten general with exceeding fervor, adding, ‘Did not my last words warn him against a surprise’” – Field. Printed by the daughter of Robert Aitken, printer of the first American Bible. HOWES S24, “aa.” FIELD 1349. SABIN 75020. EBERSTADT 115:892. THOMSON 1012. SHAW & SHOEMAKER 26682. $1500.

A Large Collection of Saint-Mémin Federalist Portraits

146. Saint-Mémin, Charles B.J.F. de: PORTRAITS OF DISTIN- GUISHED AMERICANS ENGRAVED BY JULIEN FEVRET DE SAINT-MÉMIN 1770 – 1852 [box title]. [Various places, including Bal- timore, New York, Philadelphia, & Washington, D.C. 1797-1809]. Forty-four engravings. All engraved images except one are circular, with a diameter of approximately 2¼ inches; the engraving of William Bradford is oval and approximately 3 x 2½ inches. Each image is printed on a slightly larger sheet of paper, mounted to 8½ x 11-inch leaves and matted. 20th-century red morocco hinged pull-off case, cover stamped and lettered in gilt. Case lightly worn at edges and front hinge neatly separated, else fine. Most portraits identified in upper left corner of matting in modern ink; some misidentified, most of which have notes with correct identification attached. Minor foxing and/or wear to a few portraits. Small pink stain in lower margin of Frances Cadwalader Erskine portrait, not affecting image. Most portraits in fine or near fine condition.

An extraordinary collection of neoclassical profile portraits drawn and engraved by famed French-American portraitist Charles B.J.F. de Saint-Mémin. Forty-one prominent Americans of the Federal period are represented (there are several dupli- cates, see below), including such major figures as George Clinton, William Bradford, Col. William Duane, and Thomas Jefferson, who sat for the artist in 1804. All but one of the portraits are executed in Saint-Mémin’s characteristic profile view and framed in a roundel. The single exception is Saint-Mémin’s unusual oval-shaped engraving of Charles Willson Peale’s front-view portrait of William Bradford. All of the engravings are matted and contained in a gilt morocco case. Charles Balthazar Julien Févret de Saint-Mémin was a young, aristocratic military officer when he fled France during the Revolution in 1790. In 1793 he arrived in New York with his father and soon began pursuing a career in the arts. Applying early training he had received in drawing and an eye for precision, Saint-Mémin quickly taught himself the techniques of engraving and printing, and began produc- ing plans and landscapes of New York. In 1796 he co-founded a business creating profile portraits with the aid of a physiognotrace, a recently invented drafting device that allowed portraitists to capture their sitters’ profiles with extreme accuracy. After tracing a subject’s profile with the physiognotrace, Saint-Mémin would complete a portrait in chalk, reduce and copy it to a copper plate using a pantograph, and finally engrave the plate and produce a series of prints. Each patron would receive the original drawing, the plate, and, typically, a dozen engravings. Saint-Mémin’s business was wildly successful, and for fourteen years it sustained him as he trav- eled through the eastern U.S. capturing the likenesses of many leading American figures of the day. Ellen G. Miles’ extensive work on Saint-Mémin, published by the National Portrait Gallery, describes every aspect of his career and lists nearly a thousand of his known portraits. The portraits in the present collection are as follows, listed with Miles’ catalogue number accompanying each sitter’s name: William Barton (42), William Bradford (78), Claude Amable Brasier (81), Jacob Burnet (111), Martha Round Caldwell (127), Mary M. Caldwell (128), George Clinton (174), John Coles III (189), Henry Alexander Scammell Dearborn (230), Asbury Dickins (268), William Drayton (275), William Duane (277; two prints: 1802 and after 1808 [with caption, “Col. Wm. Duane”]), Louisa DuPonceau (288), Peter Stephen DuPonceau (289), Catherine M. Dutilh (291), Stephen (Étienne) Dutilh (294), David Montagu Erskine (306), Frances Cadwalader Erskine (307), Walter Franklin (334), Theodore Hunt (429), Thomas Jefferson (446), John Lincklaen (510), James McHenry (539), Neil MacNeal (547), John Mayo II (568), Maria Sophia Kemper Morton (595), Joseph Hopper Nicholson (619), Davis Old (627), Thomas Parke (642), Nathan Read (686), John Reynolds (691), Thomas Bolling Robertson (701), Charles Sterett (788; three copies), St. George Tucker (840), Waggaman (911), Samuel Purviance Walker (915), William Augustine Washington III (924), and William Hill Wells (937). A remarkable collection, spanning nearly the entire course of Saint-Mémin’s career as a portraitist, rare in its volume and quality. Miles, Saint-Mémin (Washington, 1994). $19,000.

147. Saunders, Richard [pseudonym]: POOR RICHARD IMPROVED: BEING AN ALMANACK AND EPHEMERIS OF THE MOTIONS OF THE SUN AND MOON...FOR THE YEAR OF OUR LORD 1787.... Philadelphia: Printed and Sold by Hall and Sellers, [1786]. [36] pp. including one in-text woodcut illustration. 12mo. Printed self-wrappers, stitched. Additional stab holes in blank gutter. Dampstain throughout upper quarter of volume, soiling on verso of terminal leaf. Else very good.

This issue of Poor Richard’s almanac contains “An Abridgement of Dr. [Benjamin] Rush’s Enquiry into the Effects of Spirituous Liquors upon the Human Body, and their Influence upon the Happiness of Society,” together with the customary aphorisms and anecdotes. An anecdote of particular interest relates the story of “Abuh Hanifah, the most celebrated Doctor of the orthodox Mussulmans,” who, upon being struck violently on the face, refused to strike back or to report his at- tacker, telling him that even on the day of judgment, “I would not desire to enter Paradise without you.” “How noble an instance of a calm, serene, and forgiving mind! Happy were it for all Christians had they lived, or could they resolve to live, according to the dictates of this wise and virtuous Mahometan!” (p.[27]). The woodcut illustration, “The Anatomy of Man’s Body, as govern’d by the Twelve Constellations,” appears on page [5]. DRAKE 10218. EVANS 19978. NAIP w022795. $1500.

An American Cartographic Cornerstone

148. Scott, Joseph: THE UNITED STATES GAZETTEER: CONTAIN- ING AN AUTHENTIC DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL STATES. THEIR SITUATION, EXTENT, BOUNDARIES, SOIL, PRODUCE, CLIMATE, POPULATION, TRADE AND MANU- FACTURES. TOGETHER WITH THE EXTENT, BOUNDAR- IES AND POPULATION OF THEIR RESPECTIVE COUNTIES. ALSO, AN EXACT ACCOUNT OF THE CITIES, TOWNS, HAR- BOURS, RIVERS, BAYS, LAKES, MOUNTAINS, &c. Philadelphia: F. and R. Bailey, 1795. Engraved title, [iii]-vi, errata leaf, blank leaf, [292]pp. Nineteen engraved folding maps. 12mo. Contemporary tree sheep, spine gilt, red morocco label. Expert repairs to joints. Very good.

The first gazetteer of the United States with an important series of engraved American maps. These, with the maps in Carey’s American Atlas that were issued the same year, represent a major step forward in American cartography. Scott’s maps cover the United States in general, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, New Jersey, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Vermont, Virginia, the Northwest Territory, and the Southwest Territory. An important early work of U.S. cartography and among the earliest mappings of each state. HOWES S237. SABIN 78331. EVANS 29476. CLARK III:123. WHEAT & BRUN 125. $7000.

Insurrection in Massachusetts

149. [Shays’ Rebellion]: AN ADDRESS FROM THE GENERAL COURT, TO THE PEOPLE OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS. Boston: Printed by Adams and Nourse, Printers to the Honourable General Court, 1786. 40,[1]pp. Modern half morocco and cloth. Ink number stamp on verso of title-leaf, titlepage foxed, some scattered foxing elsewhere. Bottom of leaves trimmed, with loss of catchword on one leaf but no loss of text. Very good.

This report by a committee of the General Court is a response to the grievances that sparked Shays’ Rebellion in the winter of 1786-87. Specifically it treats the issue of debts which weighed so heavily on Massachusetts farmers, and the alarming threats and looming violence which culminated in December, when Daniel Shays led twelve hundred men, armed mostly with pitchforks, towards the Springfield arsenal. Although the rebellion was put down without incident, it was important in convincing many of the need for a stronger federal government. EVANS 19781. SABIN 45580. NAIP w036754. $1250.

150. [Sierra Leone Company]: SUBSTANCE OF THE REPORT DE- LIVERED BY THE COURT OF DIRECTORS OF THE SIERRA LEONE COMPANY, TO THE GENERAL COURT OF PROPRI- ETORS, ON THURSDAY, MARCH 27th, 1794. [bound with:] SUB- STANCE OF THE REPORT OF THE COURT OF DIRECTORS OF THE SIERRA LEONE COMPANY, DELIVERED...THURS- DAY THE 26th OF FEBRUARY, 1795. Philadelphia: Thomas Dobson, 1795. Two volumes bound in one. 168pp. plus folding map; 24pp. Original paper wrappers. Front wrapper chipped, light wear, age toning and soiling. Contemporary ownership markings on front fly leaf. Map loosely inserted, repaired at some folds. Still, about very good, in unsophisticated condition. In a half morocco box.

Two scarce early reports of the Sierra Leone Company, the first containing the very rare map of the colony and its surrounds, “Plan of Sierra Leone and the Parts Adjacent.” The second report is often found bound with the first and may have been issued thus. The colony of Sierra Leone was established in 1791 as a result of the efforts of Henry Smeathman, Alexander Falconbridge, and others, who were interested in alleviating the plight of victims of the slave trade. In 1792 a large number of former American slaves who had been in Nova Scotia were moved there by the British. The Sierra Leone Company was incorporated in 1795, and numerous former slaves from the United States and the Caribbean were deposited there over the next decade. The map, engraved by Philadelphia engraver J. Vallance, shows the settlement of the natives, land purchased by the company, and other settlements being developed in the area. EVANS 29513, 29514. ESTC W29500, W31451. $3000.

Constitution of the Anti-Slavery Society

151. [Slavery]: THE CONSTITUTION OF THE PENNSYLVANIA SO- CIETY, FOR PROMOTING THE ABOLITION OF SLAVERY, AND THE RELIEF OF FREE NEGROES, UNLAWFULLY HELD IN BONDAGE. BEGUN IN THE YEAR 1774, AND ENLARGED ON THE TWENTY-THIRD OF APRIL, 1787. TO WHICH ARE ADDED, THE ACTS OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF PENN- SYLVANIA, FOR THE GRADUAL ABOLITION OF SLAVERY. Philadelphia: Printed by Joseph James, 1787. 15pp. Half title. Original blue- grey wrappers. Minor soiling to wrappers, some chipping around the edges. Minor toning, some very minor foxing. Near fine. In a dark blue half morocco and cloth slipcase and chemise.

The first edition, second issue, with “enlarged” spelled correctly on the titlepage. The Pennsylvania Society for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery was founded in 1774 by Anthony Benezet, and most of its original members were Quakers. The officers of the Society included Benjamin Franklin as president, Benjamin Rush and Tench Coxe as secretaries, and Thomas Paine serving as clerk of the General Assembly. Franklin and Rush helped write the Society’s constitution. Following the Society’s constitution and list of officers, the remainder of the present pamphlet reprints a series of acts governing slavery in Pennsylvania. These include “An Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery” and “An Act to give Relief to certain Persons taking Refuge in this State, with respect to their slaves.” An early American statement of abolitionist sentiment, scarce on the market. EVANS 20636. NAIP w030521. BLOCKSON 9326. DUMOND, p.91. $3250.

An Extraordinary Run of Early South Carolina Laws

152. [South Carolina]: ACTS AND RESOLUTIONS OF THE GEN- ERAL ASSEMBLY OF SOUTH CAROLINA.... Charleston. 1787- 1801. Sixteen issues: fourteen issues bound in two volumes, plus two separate issues, stitched. Bound volumes: 77,[2]; 34; [2],7,[1]; [3],4-59,[2],61-62,[2]; 18; 98,[4]; 60,[4]; 3-81; [2],31; 59,[3],88,[2]; [3],62-132,[2]; [3],104-172,[2]; 44,[2],46,[2]; 98,[2]pp. Some with irregular pagination. Separate issues: 86pp. with “81” repeated once; 80,[3]pp. Folio. Bound volumes in contemporary three-quarter calf and marbled boards, gilt red and green morocco labels. Slight wear to corners. Contemporary ownership signature on first leaf of most. Mild browning throughout. Some leaves trimmed close with slight loss. First bound volume with moderate to heavy worming in upper margin of first half. First issue lacks titlepage, with manuscript title-slip tipped to upper margin of first leaf. Eighth issue lacks last four pages. Separate issues each in gathered signatures, stitched, in a cloth clamshell case. Moderate dust soiling on edges of first separate issue, contemporary annotations throughout. Both internally clean. Overall very good.

An impressive collection of South Carolina laws, covering 1787 to 1800. Any Charleston imprints from the Evans period are rare, and a complete run of this sort in contemporary bindings is extremely rare. The first separate issue with the collection is a complete printing of the December 1792 laws, which effectually replaces the bound variant which lacks the last four pages. The second separate issue, the December 1794 laws, does not appear in the bound volumes. A most important assemblage of imprints. EVANS 20715, 21468, 22152, 22153, 22895, 23871, 24084, 26182, 27719, 31219, 32856, 34573, 34576, 36336. GOULD & MORGAN 853, 877, 906, 914, 936, 949, 980, 1008, 1053, 1108, 1182, 1233, 1270, 1309. $12,500. 153. [Stephens, Thomas]: STEPHENS’S PHILADELPHIA DIREC- TORY, FOR 1796; OR, ALPHABETICAL ARRANGEMENT: CONTAINING THE NAMES, OCCUPATIONS, AND PLACES OF ABODE OF THE CITIZENS: WITH A REGISTER OF THE EXECUTIVE, LEGISLATIVE, AND JUDICIAL MAGISTRATES OF THE UNITED STATES...ALSO, AN ACCOUNT OF THE DIFFERENT SOCIETIES, CHARITABLE AND LITERARY INSTITUTIONS...WITH AN ALPHABETICAL LIST OF THE STREETS, LANES, AND ALLEYS. Philadelphia. [1796]. 19,[1],286,[2], 69,[3]pp. plus engraved folding street plan laid in. 19th-century three-quarter morocco and marbled boards. Some scuffing to boards, two bookplates on front pastedown. Two small holes in titlepage imprint with very minor loss to text. Some scattered foxing, contemporary inscription on final leaf. Plan of Philadelphia backed with sturdy paper, some tears along folds and right edge, minor staining. Very good, with plan intact. In two cloth chemises within a half morocco and cloth slipcase.

An extensive directory for the growing capital city, listing organizations such as the Public Library, the Humane Society, and the Abolition Society. Page 193 gives the address of “Washington George, President of the United States, 190, High Street.” Howes notes that the sixty-nine-page section with the running title “A Short Account of Philadelphia” may have been issued separately. This copy belonged to Jay Snider, with his bookplate as well as one other unidentified label on the front pastedown. HOWES S943. EVANS 31235. NAIP w022361. WHEAT & BRUN 467. $4500.

The Principal Military Manual of the American Revolution

154. Steuben, Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin, Baron von: REGULATIONS FOR THE ORDER AND DISCIPLINE OF THE TROOPS OF THE UNITED STATES. PART I [all published]...The Tenth Edition. New York: Printed at Greenleaf ’s Press, 1794. 95,[1],[4] pp. Eight folding plates, engraved by J. Norman. Contemporary calf. Minor browning and separations to the plates, else very good.

The German-born Steuben, well trained in the highly disciplined military system developed under Frederick the Great, served as inspector general of the Conti- nental Army. In this capacity he wrote his Regulations for the Order and Discipline of the Troops of the United States on orders from the Continental Congress. First published in 1779, the work became the standard text for the Continental Army and the United States Army into the early 19th century. Fifty editions, abridge- ments, extracts, and adaptations were printed before 1800. Steuben’s contribution to American independence cannot be underestimated. “He was unrivaled among the citizens of the new nation as an expert on military affairs. His introduction of European military concepts to the Continental army marks the beginning of a truly professional military tradition in the United States” – ANB. EVANS 27967. SABIN 91395. HOWES S951. $1250.

Rare Work on American Constitutions

155. [Stevens, John]: EXAMEN DU GOUVERNEMENT D’ANGLE- TERRE, COMPARÉ AUX CONSTITUTIONS DES ÉTATS-UNIS. OU L’ON REFUTE QUELQUES ASSERTIONS CONTENUES DANS L’OUVRAGE DE M. ADAMS, INTITULÉ: APOLOGIE DES CONSTITUTIONS DES ÉTATS-UNIS D’AMÉRIQUE, & DANS CELUI DE M. DELOLME, INTITULÉ: DE LA CONSTI- TUTION D’ANGLETERRE. Par une Cultivatuer de New-Jersey. Paris. 1789. viii,291pp. Original turquoise wrappers. Front wrapper detached, corners bit curled, else very good, with contemporary engraved oval bookplates of Col. John Skey Eustace of New York (one on front wrapper, other on verso of titlepage). In a cloth case, leather label.

First French edition of this rare early work on the Constitution, after the first American edition of 1787. This is by far the more important edition, which had little impact in the United States but a great influence on the French Revolution. According to Joyce Appleby, “Stevens’ Observations on Government, ignored at home, became a smashing hit in France. DuPont, Condorcet, and Mazzei turned the 56-page pamphlet into a 291-page book complete with 174 pages of notes, a translation of the new U.S. Constitution, and notes from the Virginia ratifying convention.” Arguably, it brought the initial French revolutionaries in line with an American vision of government, since it was issued at a point when debate over a new federal constitution was the topic of the day. This copy belonged to John Skey Eustace, a noted Revolutionary soldier. HOWES S968. SABIN 41646. COHEN 2777. $1250.

156. Stevens, William: A SYSTEM FOR THE DISCIPLINE OF THE ARTILLERY OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, OR, THE YOUNG ARTILLERIST’S POCKET COMPANION. VOL- UME I [all published]. New York: Printed by William A. Davis for the Author, 1797. [14],13-260pp. plus twenty-four engraved plates. 12mo. Original calf, leather label. Hinges cracked but cords sound, wear to spine extremities. Some staining on early leaves, scattered foxing and tanning. Overall good.

The author was a captain of artillery during the American Revolution under Gen. John Lamb, who provides herein a recommendation for the book. William Rol- linson, a line and stipple engraver in New York, executed the plates. A complete copy of an unusual and important manual, usually lacking some or all of the plates. RINK 2172. EVANS 32878. SABIN 91568. NAIP w029515. $2750. “ ...for it is in vain to wash the soil of our country in blood to regain her freedom unless we endeavor as zealously against every unhappy habit which threatens to subvert it.”

157. Sullivan, James: [Gerry, Elbridge]: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM JAMES SULLIVAN TO ELBRIDGE GERRY, CALLING FOR FRUGALITY AS A NATIONAL CHARACTER- ISTIC, INCLUDING AT THE PRESIDENT’S DINING TABLE]. Boston. Jan. 11, 1785. [7]pp., on two folded sheets. Docketed by Gerry on verso of final leaf. Folio. Old fold lines. Minor soiling. Strip of later paper attached to left margin on verso of each piece. Very good. In a green half morocco and cloth clamshell case, spine gilt.

James Sullivan, Massachusetts lawyer and politician, writes to Founding Father Elbridge Gerry, discussing the need for frugality to be a core American virtue. Sullivan was involved in the convention that wrote the state’s first constitution, and led the movement to secure representation in the lower House for a representative from each town. He served as Massachusetts Attorney General from 1790 to 1807, when he resigned his post to assume the position of governor. He was a good friend of his correspondent, Elbridge Gerry. Gerry served in the Continental Congress and was a signer of the Declara- tion of Independence. He was an early and vigorous advocate of American In- dependence, and played a crucial role in the formation of the new United States government, insisting on a bill of rights being added to the new constitution. His name is perhaps best remembered, however ignominiously, in connection with the term “gerrymandering.” In his second term as governor of Massachusetts, Gerry redrew district lines to consolidate his party’s control in the state senate. Though this was not necessarily a new practice, the name stuck. Gerry ran on the ticket with President Madison in 1812, for Madison’s second term as president, and died in office in November 1814. Espousing a very New England view of the situation, Sullivan imparts his thoughts on the subject of national character to his friend, emphasizing the ways in which frugality as a national trait will elevate America’s position on the world stage. He advocates legislating the expense and extravagance of the President’s table, in order to set a precedent that will filter down to the state leaders, etc., and be passed down as an example to all of the nation’s future leaders. The letter reads, in part:

My dear Gerry, You will permit me to trouble you with one thought on public measures, which though unimportant in your eye, yet your candour & friendship will pardon the intrusion. I cannot but wish, however unfashionable I may be in it, that our national character (for one we must have) may be marked by industry and oeconomy [sic]. I wish it might be said to the traveller who shall be on his way to America, “You will find them an hospitable people, but men who uniformly attend to the various calls of industry, & while their tables are crowned with plenty, they are governed in their expenses by the rules of frugality. Their state of life is such as affords the most happy presage of their young republic being lasting as the constitution of it is pure.” A character like this would raise us in the estimation of foreigners, would fix our private and establish our public credit among the nations of the world; it would yield us an infinite advantage over what we can possibly obtain in our present carreer [sic] of mimicking fops, and men of fortune in old countries.... I am persuaded that it is in the power of Congress immediately to lay such a foundation for table frugality throughout the union as will not be shaken for a long time yet to come. You have a gentleman at the head of the federal table whom I conceive to be not only a theoretic but a practical whig and in all instances a firm patriot. Should Congress now advise or direct that his table should be spread in a mode suitable to the state and situation of a young republic, that it should bare [sic] enough for the surrounding guests without groaning under an immense weight or the wasting surplusage, which we generally see at what are called polite tables, it would be an example aided by the strength of superior opinion while all the federal officers and all the governors of the separate states would hand it down with obligations to the people. It would very soon be rendered disreputable to gentlemen of private life to exceed the measure sanctified by so great an authority. I know it may be objected that foreign ministers keep tables which ought not to be more than equal to that supported by the union....The idea of making the entertainment as splendid as the guest is an unfortunate mistake; the table ought to appear as splendid as the owner.... For a young republic struggling under an oppression of public and private demands, with scarcely one man in it who can retire from business upon his fortune, to ape the nobility of old countries must I think end in a most disagreeable manner. I know it would by some be thought a piece of indulgence to move Congress for an ordinance to regulate the President’s table, but should the President himself move Congress, and lay the foundation of such a measure, it would itemize his memory and render him as respectable as if he had conquered armies in defence of his country for it is in vain to wash the soil of our country in blood to regain her freedom unless we endeavor as zealously against every unhappy habit which threatens to subvert it.

An interesting letter by this Massachusetts politician to Gerry, showing one man’s opinion of the ways the government should economize. $3250.

158. [Technical Americana]: THE GOLDEN CABINET: BEING THE LABORATORY, OR HANDMAID TO THE ARTS. CONTAIN- ING SUCH BRANCHES OF USEFUL KNOWLEDGE, AS NEAR- LY CONCERNS ALL KINDS OF PEOPLE, FROM THE SQUIRE TO THE PEASANT: AND WILL AFFORD BOTH PROFIT AND DELIGHT. [IN THREE PARTS]. Philadelphia: William Spotswood, and H. and P. Rice, 1793. [2],iv,iv,vi,219,[1]pp. 12mo. Contemporary calf, spine gilt, leather label. Extremities rubbed, boards slightly bowed. Contemporary inscriptions on rear pastedown. Text lightly tanned. About very good.

Presumed first American edition, likely reprinted from an English text. The second and third parts have separate title-leaves and tables of contents. Illustrated with one wood engraving in the text at page 70 and a graph at page 125. Features much practical knowledge on many topics, including information on gilding, silvering, bronzing, japaning, lacquering, and staining substances; instructions on drawing, etching, mixing colors, varnishing, dying, manufacturing and adulterating wines and artificial wines, hair and skin care, making inks and waxes; the nature and composition of glass; and how to counterfeit gems of every kind. The third section, on making artificial jewels from glass, is particularly interesting. The final text leaf also contains a list of titles available from booksellers H. & P. Rice. Scarce. EVANS 25551. RINK 151. $1850.

“...the American language will be as distinct as the government...”

159. Thornton, William: PRIZE DISSERTATION, WHICH WAS HON- ORED WITH THE MAGELLANIC GOLD MEDAL, BY THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY, JANUARY, 1793. CADMUS: OR, A TREATISE ON THE ELEMENTS OF WRIT- TEN LANGUAGE, ILLUSTRATING, BY A PHILOSOPHICAL DIVISION OF SPEECH, THE POWER OF EACH CHARACTER, THEREBY MUTUALLY FIXING THE ORTHOGRAPHY AND ORTHOEPY...WITH AN ESSAY ON THE MODE OF TEACH- ING THE SURD OR DEAF, AND CONSEQUENTLY DUMB, TO SPEAK. Philadelphia: Printed by R. Aitken & Son, 1793. 110pp. plus errata leaf and folding table. Antique-style three-quarter calf and marbled boards. Contemporary manuscript note tipped in between pp.46 and 47 comparing Arabic, English, Greek, and Anglo-Saxon representations of certain sounds. Very good.

William Thornton’s prize-winning treatise on English phonetics, appended with the essay that Alexander Graham Bell called the first work on the education of the deaf actually written and published in America (DAB). William Thornton (1759-1828), perhaps best known as the designer of the United States Capitol, was among the Federal era’s most outstanding polymaths, earning substantial renown as a scholar, inventor, architect, painter, soldier, anti-slavery advocate, and public official. He was the first Superintendent of the U.S. Patent Office and is credited with having personally saved it from destruction during the War of 1812, convincing the Brit- ish to spare it during their burning of Washington because of its importance to humanity’s common heritage. In the present work Thornton submits a new, purely cenemic writing system for American English, illustrated with a folding table of “all the distinct sounds contained in the English language” and a two-page forward printed in parallel traditional and new “American” systems. In true revolutionary spirit, Thornton declares that “[t]he American language will...be as distinct as the government, free from all the follies of unphilosophical fashion, and resting upon truth as its only regulator” (p.vii). The essay on a new method for teaching the deaf to speak was applauded a century later by Bell, who lamented that its suggestions had “certainly...not received that attention from practical teachers that their importance deserves” (DAB). EVANS 26258. NAIP w028962. DAB XVIII, pp.504-7. $2500.

Scarce Early American Work on the Manufacture of Potash

160. Townsend, David: PRINCIPLES AND OBSERVATIONS APPLIED TO THE MANUFACTURE AND INSPECTION OF POT AND PEARL ASHES. Boston: Isaiah Thomas & Ebenezer T. Andrews, 1793. 48pp. Stitched self-wrappers. Chips to titlepage without loss of text, small clipped portions at head of terminal two leaves without loss to text, else very good. Partially unopened. [with:] [SMALL ARCHIVE OF MAN- USCRIPT MATERIAL RELATING TO DAVID TOWNSEND’S SERVICE AS AN INSPECTOR OF POTASH, INCLUDING A DOCUMENT SIGNED BY JOHN HANCOCK]. See below for details.

In the mid-18th century the manufacture of potash became a burgeoning cottage industry. Potash, a mineral rich substance derived from leeching, boiling, and dis- tilling burned out ashes from wood and plants, was used extensively in the colonies to make soap, glass, and gunpowder. It was also an important fertilizer. In 1790 the very first U.S. patent was issued to Samuel Hopkins for an improved furnace in manufacturing potash, attesting to its importance. The United States would be the world’s leading producer of potash into the mid-19th century. This rare pamphlet by Townsend, the Inspector of Pot and Pearl Ashes for Massachusetts, reviews the various manufacturing processes in the early period. Townsend graduated from Harvard College in 1770 and studied medicine under General Joseph Warren. At the Battle of Bunker Hill he accompanied Warren as surgeon in Bunner’s regiment. During the war he was commissioned surgeon to the sixth regiment of foot, commanded by Colonel Asa Whitcomb, and later was senior surgeon to the General Hospital, Northern department. He served with the Continental army under Washington during the harsh winter at Valley Forge. On October 9, 1781 he was made surgeon-general of the hospital department. For many years and up to the time of his death he was physician in charge of the U.S. Marine Hospital in Chelsea, Massachusetts. Dr. Townsend was an active member of the Massachusetts Medical Society from 1785 to 1824, when he retired. Fol- lowing the Revolution, Townsend was one of the charter members of the Society of the Cincinnati, being secretary of the Massachusetts chapter from 1817 to 1821, vice-president from 1821 to 1825, and president from 1825 to 1829. The accompanying manuscript archive is comprised of:

1) Autograph document signed by Samuel Danforth, attesting that he is personally acquainted with Dr. David Townsend and that Townsend “is well acquainted with the principles of Chemistry in general and that from his particular application, he is well qualified to execute the business of a Assay of Pot & Pearl Ashes.” Boston. June 16, 1791. [1]p. 2) Manuscript document signed by Justice of the Peace Samuel Bennett, attesting that Dr. David Townsend has “made oath that he would faithfully perform the duties of the Office of Inspector of Pot Ashes & Pearl Ashes to which he is appointed....” July 16, 1791. [1]p. Lower blank portion of sheet clipped. 3) Manuscript document signed by John Hancock as governor of Massachusetts, an act concerning the fees for inspecting pot and pearl ashes. Boston. March 26, 1793. [1¼]pp. 4) Manuscript contemporary true copy of the above by John Avery Jr. 5) Manuscript document signed by N. Goodale, Clerk of the District of Massachusetts, acknowledging that David Townsend has registered the title of his “Principles and observations applied to the manufacture and inspection of pot and pearl ashes.” Nov. 10, [1793]. [1]p. Paper covered wax seal. 6) Autograph letter, signed, from Samuel Eliot to David Townsend, thanking him for sending a copy of his pamphlet, “which as far as I can judge must be greatly serviceable to the manufacturing & commercial interests of the State....” May 29, 1796. [1]p.

EVANS 26270. RINK 3169. SABIN 96377. $4250.

A Collection of the Four Treaties Ending the American Revolution, in a Period Binding

161. [Treaty of Paris]: THE DEFINITIVE TREATY OF PEACE AND FRIENDSHIP, BETWEEN HIS BRITANNICK MAJESTY, AND THE MOST CHRISTIAN KING. SIGNED AT VERSAILLES, THE 3d OF SEPTEMBER, 1783. [bound with:] THE DEFINITIVE TREATY OF PEACE AND FRIENDSHIP, BETWEEN HIS BRI- TANNICK MAJESTY, AND THE KING OF SPAIN. SIGNED AT VERSAILLES, THE 3d OF SEPTEMBER, 1783. [bound with:] PRE- LIMINARY ARTICLES OF PEACE, BETWEEN HIS BRITAN- NICK MAJESTY, AND THE STATES GENERAL OF THE UNIT- ED PROVINCES. SIGNED AT PARIS, THE 2d OF SEPTEMBER, 1783. [bound with:] THE DEFINITIVE TREATY OF PEACE AND FRIENDSHIP, BETWEEN HIS BRITANNICK MAJESTY, AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. SIGNED AT PARIS, THE 3d OF SEPTEMBER, 1783. London: T. Harrison and S. Brooke, 1783. 40; 35; 10; 12pp. Quarto. Contemporary half calf and marbled boards, gilt leather label. Contemporary notation on front pastedown. Negligible foxing. Fine.

The four treaties comprising the Peace of Paris (three Definitive and one Preliminary) which ended the American Revolutionary War and restored peace to Europe. Included here is the first English edition of the vitally important Treaty of Paris between the new United States and Great Britain, preceded only by the Paris edition. Also included are Great Britain’s treaties with France, Spain, and the Netherlands, all of great significance for the future of North America. The treaty between the United States and Great Britain (signed Sept. 3, 1783) is a document of seminal importance, marking the end of the American Revolution and the birth of the United States as a recognized and legitimate nation. Peace negotiations between the United States and Great Britain began in Paris on April 12, 1782. The United States was represented by Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, John Adams, and Henry Laurens. While most peace treaties address the issues that sparked the conflict, the treaty between the United States and Great Britain is most concerned with drawing the boundaries of a new nation. The treaty is often imprecisely worded and raised issues that would take decades to resolve. Article One officially recognizes the sovereignty and independence of the United States. The treaty goes on to delimit the boundary between British North America and the United States, from Canada in the north, across the Great Lakes, down the Mississippi River, and southeast to Florida. The people of the United States maintain important fishing rights in Newfoundland and the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, and provisions are made to compensate Loyalists for property lost during the conflict. It is also agreed that citizens of both nations would enjoy navigation rights on the Mississippi. The treaty was signed on Sept. 3, 1783 and immediately printed. The U.S.-British treaty was one of several treaties negotiated by Britain during the war, including settlements with the French, Spanish, and Dutch. The treaties between Britain and those states (in the definitive versions, excepting the Dutch) are also included in this volume. In her treaty with France, Great Britain returned St. Lucia to the French, ceded Tobago, and recognized the French claim to the tiny Canadian islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon (still French colonies today) while recovering Dominca, Grenada, St. Kitts, Nevis, and Montserrat in the Caribbean, and Fort St. Jean (i.e. St. John’s) in New Brunswick, all seized by the French in the course of the conflict. With regard to Spain, Britain kept Gibraltar while Spain took back Minorca and West Florida (which had been ceded to the English in 1763), and effectively swapped New Providence Island and the rest of the Baha- mas to England for East Florida, another “possession” which proved impossible to exploit. Protracted British negotiations with the Dutch over preliminary articles of peace held up the conclusion of the other treaties at Paris. In fact, it was not until a day after the Preliminary Articles of Peace with the Netherlands were fi- nalized on Sept. 2, 1783 that the British signed their definitive treaties with the United States, France, and Spain. In this truce between the British and the Dutch (the definitive treaty was not signed until 1784) it was simply agreed to restore the conquests of each, save for Negapatam, the coastal port which since 1660 had been the principal Dutch possession in the Indian sub-continent and which Great Britain retained. African colonies also changed hands, France keeping Senegal and Goree, and Britain and Gambia. All told, a beautiful contemporary collection of these monumentally important documents, the full legal recognition of the United States. ESTC T53346, T53347, T80895, T53339. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 83-42, 83-41, 83-47, 83-43. HOWES D212, “aa.” CHURCH 1197. Richard B. Morris, The Peacemakers: The Great Powers and American Independence (New York, 1965) is still the best single study of the negotiations which led to the several treaties ending the American Revolution. $75,000.

162. [United States Congress]: ACTS PASSED AT THE SECOND SESSION OF THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CITY OF NEW- YORK, ON MONDAY THE FOURTH OF JANUARY, IN THE YEAR M,DCC,XC; AND OF THE INDEPENDENCE OF THE UNITED STATES, THE FOURTEENTH. Published by Authority. New York: Printed by Francis Childs and John Swaine, Printers to the Con- gress of the United States, [1790]. 226,[2]pp., with p.[228] numbered ccxxviii. Folio. Gathered signatures, stitched as issued. Contemporary inscription on titlepage, “1790 with the treaties with France, Holland, England, Sweden, Indians, Prussia, Morocco,” and indicating pages addressing treaties with each country. Minor soiling on titlepage and final leaf, otherwise internally fresh and clean. Very good.

The official record of the acts of Congress passed during the second session of the first Congress, which “contains the Treaties and Conventions ratified with the several countries of Europe, and with the Indian tribes.” As during the first session of the first Congress, many more fundamental acts of legislation were passed in this term, including the Census, naturalization law, the copyright bill, the settling of the District of Columbia as the seat of the new government, and various tariff and fiscal laws. An important volume in the early history of the United States, recording the official Acts passed in the earliest days of the federal government. EVANS 22952. NAIP w014343. $8500. The Rare Richmond Printing

163. [United States Congress]: ACTS PASSED AT THE THIRD SES- SION OF THE FIFTH CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES. BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA, ON MONDAY, THE THIRD OF DECEMBER, ONE THOUSAND SEVEN HUNDRED AND NINETY-EIGHT. [bound with:] ARTI- CLES OF A TREATY, BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE CHEROKEE INDIANS. [bound with:] THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA; AS PROPOSED BY THE CONVENTION, HELD AT PHILADEL- PHIA, SEPTEMBER 7th, 1787. AND SINCE RATIFIED BY THE SEVERAL STATES: WITH SEVERAL AMENDMENTS THERE- TO. Richmond: Meriwether Jones, 1799. 140; 4; 13,[2]pp. Folio. Antique- style half calf and marbled boards, leather label. Light soiling and wear to titlepage, scattered foxing and toning. Very good. Untrimmed.

A Richmond printing of the laws passed by the third session of the United States Fifth Congress in 1799, including acts relating to the improvement of the Navy and regulating duties on shipping. Bound with “Articles of a Treaty, between the United States of America and the Cherokee Indians,” reaffirming the borders of the Cherokee Nation, as well as a copy of the Constitution, as called for by Evans. EVANS 36487. ESTC W14827. $4500.

Changing Presidential Elections 164. [United States Congress]: REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE TO WHOM WAS REFERRED THE BILL SENT FROM THE SEN- ATE, INTITULED “AN ACT PRESCRIBING THE MODE OF DECIDING DISPUTED ELECTIONS OF PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES.” 25th. APRIL, 1800. COMMITTED TO A COMMITTE [sic] OF THE WHOLE HOUSE, ON MONDAY NEXT. (PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.). [Philadelphia. 1800]. 12pp. Dbd. Slight age-toning, else very good. A detailed report by a House committee responding to a Senate bill intended to resolve disputed elections of the president and vice president of the United States. Essentially rewriting the Senate’s proposed version, this House version recommends the appointment of a joint committee, consisting of members of the Senate and the House, with the power to examine all disputes concerning these elections, including the role of the members of the Electoral College. The final recommendation is to change the title of the bill to read simply: “An act prescribing the mode of counting the votes for President and Vice-President of the United States.” Evidence of early attempts in the Federal period to resolve disputed elections, this Report is of particular interest as it was written as the voting (which lasted from April to October) began in the disputed presidential election of 1800 in which Thomas Jefferson defeated John Adams. EVANS 38887. NAIP w021907. $1250.

First Magazine Printing of the Constitution

165. [United States Constitution]: THE COLUMBIAN MAGAZINE FOR SEPTEMBER, 1787. Philadelphia: Printed for Seddon, Spotswood, Cist, and Trenchard, 1787. pp.615-674 plus two plates (one folding). Original blue pictorial wrappers with later stitching. Wrappers soiled and worn, spine perished. Text tanned and a bit soiled, some light foxing. Withal, in very good, unsophisticated condition (save for the later stitching). Untrimmed. In a half morocco and marbled boards clamshell case, spine gilt, gilt leather labels.

The first periodical printing of the United States Constitution, probably issued within a week of its issuance as a broadside. The Constitutional Convention ratified its final draft on Monday, Sept. 17, 1787. The following day, Sept. 18, the broadside version, issued for members of the Convention, was printed by Dunlap and Claypoole, the official printers. On Sept. 19 the same printers issued the first public printing of the Constitution in their newspaper, The Pennsylvania Packet. The present magazine was probably printed late in the week, and the final signature, containing the Constitution and recent news, was probably printed on Saturday, Sept. 22. This is the last internal date, on the last page, and actually refers to an event that took place on the 17th as “Monday last.” From a survey of Mott’s History of American Magazines in the period, it seems that it was common practice to issue monthly publications by the last week of every month. This issue would seem to have been out and in general circulation by Monday the 24th, one week after the end of the Convention. Its version of the Constitution was executed, most likely, on the 22nd, four days after the official broadside and three days after the first public, newspaper, appearance. This issue also contains the text of John Quincy Adams’s Harvard commencement address (he finished second in a class of fifty-one), which was given in Cambridge on July 18, 1787. It is his first published writing. The Columbian Magazine was a distinguished publication of the period. Mott calls it one of the best 18th-century American magazines. It began in September 1786 and was well established, with Mathew Carey’s American Museum, as one of the two major periodicals then being issued in Philadelphia, or for that matter the country, at the time. Since the magazine probably had wider circulation than the newspapers issued in Philadelphia, it is likely that this printing was one of the chief means of disseminating the Constitution immediately after its first publication. The front wrapper contains a striking engraving of an eagle perched atop a globe. An exceptionally early and important printing of the Constitution. MOTT, HISTORY OF AMERICAN MAGAZINES I, pp.94-9. EVANS 20280. Wilbur T. Roberts, “They Printed the Declaration and the Constitution” in The Mentor, July 1928, pp.52-54. Leonard A. Rapport, “Printing the Constitution” in Prologue: The Journal of the National Archives, Fall 1970, pp.69-89. $8500.

The Pennsylvania Debates on Ratifying the Constitution

166. [United States Constitution]: Lloyd, Thomas [reporter]: COMMEN- TARIES ON THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, WITH THAT CONSTITUTION PREFIXED, IN WHICH ARE UNFOLDED, THE PRINCIPLES OF FREE GOV- ERNMENT, AND THE SUPERIOR ADVANTAGES OF REPUB- LICANISM DEMONSTRATED. BY JAMES WILSON, L.L.D.... AND BY THOMAS M’KEAN, L.L.D..... London: Printed for J. Debrett, J. Johnson, and J.S. Jordan, 1792. [4],[5]-147pp. plus errata page. Half title. Antique-style three-quarter speckled calf and marbled boards. Small chip in upper margin of first text leaf. Very good.

This is the rare London edition of the speeches in favor of the United States Constitution made during the debates concerning its ratification by the State of Pennsylvania. It follows the Philadelphia printings of 1787 and 1788 (same sheets as the 1787 printing with a new titlepage), and in fact Sabin and Ford assert this London edition is a reissue of the remainder of the 1788 edition, and that “merely the preliminary leaves and p.20-23 appear to have been printed in England.” Although it was initially promised that both the speeches for and against the Constitution in the Pennsylvania ratifying convention would be printed, only one volume, the one containing the arguments favoring adoption, was ever printed. This was the result of a clever political trick: the Federalists proposed a two-volume format with the pro and con arguments in each one, an arrangement accepted by the other side; the Federalists then voted down funding of the proposed second volume that was to contain anti-Constitution arguments, preventing its publication. These speeches are of primary importance in the creation of the Constitution, since Pennsylvania was a key state in the ratification process. The two main Federalist speakers were two of the primary architects of the Constitution, James Wilson (As- sociate Justice of the Supreme Court and University of Pennsylvania law professor) and Thomas M’Kean (Chief Justice of Pennsylvania). This London edition is quite rare on the market and is little known (Howes, for example, does not list it). There have been only two copies in the market since 1940: one sold by this firm in 2013 and one offered by Goodspeed’s. SABIN 104627. FORD, FEDERAL CONSTITUTION 91. COHEN 2966. HOWES L407 (ref ). Randolph Adams, “Descriptive Bibliography of Works of and Relating to James Wilson 1742-1798” in Selected Political Essays of James Wilson (New York, 1930), pp.345-56. $7500. 167. [United States Constitution]: PLAN OF THE NEW CONSTITU- TION FOR THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AGREED UPON IN A CONVENTION OF THE STATES WITH A PREF- ACE BY THE EDITOR. A New Edition, Corrected. London: Printed for J. Debrett, 1792. 32pp. Antique-style paper boards, printed paper label. Small tape repair in upper edge of titlepage. Early ownership signature on titlepage. Huntington Library duplicate, with a small stamp on the final text page. Very good. In a half morocco and cloth folding case, spine gilt.

A later British printing of the Constitution, after the first British edition of 1787 and another printing of 1791. Contains an anonymous preface correcting errors about the convention and its selection of George Washington as the first president. HOWES P413. SABIN 63294. $4200.

The Foundation of the United States Foreign Service

168. [United States Foreign Service]: CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES: AT THE SECOND SESSION...AN ACT PROVIDING THE MEANS OF INTERCOURSE BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND FOREIGN NATIONS [caption title]. [New York]: Printed by Francis Childs and John Swaine, [1790]. Folio broadside. Removed from a sammelband volume, with stab holes along left edge. Lightly tanned and foxed. Very good.

The very rare printing of the act establishing the Foreign Service of the United States, thereby creating and funding the system through which the U.S. conducts its relations abroad. The law was approved on July 1, 1790 and is signed in print by George Washington as president, John Adams as vice president, and Speaker of the House Frederick Muhlenberg. The Act authorizes the President to draw from the Treasury an annual amount, not to exceed forty thousand dollars, for the purpose of paying foreign service officers abroad, including ministers plenipotentiary (ambassadors) and other officials. The funds for the annual budget are “to be paid out of the monies arising from the duties on imports and tonnage.” The Act further stipulates that the salary of a minister plenipotentiary is not to surpass $9000 per year, “for all his personal services and other expences.” The salary of a chargé d’affaires is capped at $4500 per year, and that of any secretary to a minister plenipotentiary should not exceed $1350 per year. It is through this act that the formal system for establishing and paying a corps of Foreign Service officers was established. These officers, the first official emissaries of the State Department, represented the United States in the capitals of Europe. If the salaries seem somewhat high, it is because the ministers were responsible for paying all the expenses relating to their office, including lodg- ing and offices abroad, office staff, etc. The American Foreign Service, established by this act, remained somewhat small for several decades, with ambassadors in only the major European capitals. Not in Evans. NAIP locates only three copies, at the Huntington Library, Library of Congress, and South Carolina Archives. A rare and important early law, creating and funding the system that established an American diplomatic presence abroad. BRISTOL B7577. SHIPTON & MOONEY 46055. NAIP w014355. $32,000.

Reestablishing Trade with Great Britain After the Revolution

169. [United States – Great Britain Trade]: A BILL FOR THE PROVI- SIONAL ESTABLISHMENT AND REGULATION OF TRADE AND INTERCOURSE BETWEEN THE SUBJECTS OF GREAT BRITAIN AND THOSE OF THE UNITED STATES OF NORTH AMERICA [caption title]. [WITH FOUR ADDITIONAL BRIT- ISH ACTS REGARDING BRITISH TRADE WITH THE UNITED STATES, AS LISTED BELOW]. [London. 1783-1788]. Paginations given below. Folio. Four of the titles string-tied, as issued. First title lightly foxed and toned. Very good. In a half morocco and marbled boards box, spine gilt.

An interesting assemblage of British legislation from the period immediately following the Revolutionary War, documenting British efforts to allow only very limited trade with the newly independent United States. British trade policy during this period is an excellent example of a foreign power taking advantage of the weak structure of the American Articles of Confederation, which made it difficult for the thirteen states to act in concert and out of a any position of strength through unity. By 1783 the United States had formal trade relations with only two nations: France, secured through the 1778 Treaty of Amity and Commerce; and the Neth- erlands, via a Commercial Treaty negotiated by John Adams in 1782. Before the Revolution, British merchants had relied heavily on exports sent to the British colonies in North America, which greatly outweighed goods imported to Britain from the colonies. After the war the British government was reluctant to sign a formal commercial treaty with the United States. The states at the time were operating under the relatively weak structure of the Articles of Confederation, and the British felt that they could secure the benefits of trade with the American states without making any treaty concessions. Britain opted instead for a series of acts that established limited trade with the United States and between the United States and Canada and the British colonies in the West Indies. The first of these laws was passed in 1783, and the evolution of that law is reflected in the first three items below. In all, these British laws severely circumscribed American trade with England and with English colonies, though they did allow some markets for American exports, and did facilitate the flow of much needed imports into the United States. In 1784, British exports to the United States were valued at more than £3.5 million, while American exports to England were less than one-fifth of that sum. The United States and Great Britain would not sign a formal trade treaty until the Jay Treaty, which was approved in 1795 and which gave the United States limited trading rights in the British West Indies. The first, second, third, and fifth titles below were printed in very small numbers for the use of members of Parliament during debate and action on the bills. Known as “slip bills,” they are a snapshot of the legislation as it proceeded through the legislative process. The first and fifth titles contain blank spaces in the text where dates and tariff rates would be filled in later, and all four of the slip bills have printed docketing on the final page. The first and fifth items also contain a printed note before the text of the bill reading “the figures in the margin denote the Number of the Folios in the written copy,” which indicates just how early in the legislative process these bills were printed. An important group of rare working drafts of British legislation. A detailed list of the four bills and one act included in this group is available on request. $5000.

With the Bill of Rights, Belonging to a Member of the First Federal Congress

170. [United States House of Representatives]: [Bill of Rights]: JOURNAL OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED STATES. New York: Printed by Francis Childs and John Swaine, [1789]. 164,clxv-clxxvii pp. Folio. Contemporary half calf and marbled boards. Ex- tremities worn. Contemporary ownership inscription on titlepage. Some light dampstaining along foredge. Very good, in original condition. In a blue half morocco and cloth box, spine gilt.

The original collected printing of the Jour- nal for the very first session of the House of Representatives. This session covers the activities of the House from March 4 to Sept. 29, 1789, a period in which many important legislative events took place. Foremost among these was the discussion of the proposed Bill of Rights. Pages 102-105 contain some fine tuning of the language of some of the seventeen amendments originally proposed by the House (a preliminary version of the Bill of Rights is printed on pages 107-108), adoption of which was later defeated by the Senate. Numerous references to individual parts of the Bill of Rights are made throughout the first volume as well. The remainder of the Journal for the first session contains much of the important legislative foundation for the machinery of government, establishing the Treasury and War departments, regulating the Customs, Judiciary, Post Office, Mint, and the like. An important and valuable volume in the history of American government, recording all manner of legislative activities from the earliest days of the federal government. This copy bears the ownership inscription of Jeremiah Van Rensselaer (1738- 1810), who served as a representative for New York during the first Congress. Van Rensselaer was a graduate of the College of New Jersey (later Princeton) who settled in his hometown of Albany. He was active in local politics and was an early supporter of the American cause against Britain. He served as a paymaster during the Revolution and was an Anti-Federalist after the war, opposing the new constitution. After serving in the first Congress he went on to direct the Bank of Albany and serve as lieutenant governor under George Clinton. EVANS 22208. NAIP w027498. $40,000.

Keeping the Federal Courts in Session, 1790

171. [United States Judiciary]: CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES: AT THE SECOND SESSION...AN ACT TO CONTINUE IN FORCE AN ACT PASSED AT THE LAST SESSION OF CON- GRESS, INTITLED, “AN ACT TO REGULATE PROCESSES IN THE COURTS OF THE UNITED STATES.” [caption title]. [New York]: Printed by Francis Childs and John Swaine, [1790]. Folio broadside. Removed from a sammelband volume, with stab holes along the left edge. Near fine.

A very rare printing – only the second copy located – of the first extension of the law that regulated procedures in the United States Supreme Court and in lesser federal courts. The U.S. Constitution provided for the creation of the Supreme Court but did not include provisions for the establishment of any other judicial system. This was addressed by the Judiciary Act of 1789, passed on Sept. 24 of that year, one of the first acts of the first Congress. On Sept. 29, 1789 the Congress passed a law making rules for judicial procedure in those courts, especially governing the issuance of “writes and processes” and the rates of fees. The present act extends the provisions of that law until the end of the next session of Congress. NAIP and Bristol locate only one copy of this act, at the South Carolina Archives. Rare. BRISTOL B7582. NAIP w040873. $1250.

172. [United States Laws]: A REVIEW OF THE LAWS OF THE UNIT- ED STATES OF NORTH AMERICA, THE BRITISH PROVINC- ES, AND WEST INDIA ISLANDS.... London. 1790. vi,[4],240,245- 259pp. (as issued). Modern half calf and marbled boards, leather label. Ink library stamp and embossed blindstamp on titlepage, some minor ink annotations, mild toning. Very good.

An early comparative analysis of the laws of the fledgling United States. Includes chapters on commercial regulations, revenue laws, slavery, the Constitution, and an early printing of the Northwest Ordinance, which was enacted just three years earlier. Possibly based on A Summary Review of the Laws of the United States of North-America, the British Provinces and West-Indies (1788). Scarce. SABIN 70241. ESTC T139307. $1250.

Laws of the First through Fifth Congresses of the United States

173. [United States Laws]: THE LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.... [with:] ACTS PASSED AT THE FIRST [– THIRD] SESSION OF THE FIFTH CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Philadelphia: Richard Folwell, 1796-1797 [vols. 1-3]. Philadelphia: William Reese, 1797 [vol. 4]. Four volumes. Contemporary sheep, red morocco labels. Expert repairs to head of spines of first and second volumes. Very good.

Folwell’s three-volume edition of The Laws of the United States, including texts of the Constitution, the Bill of Rights, and the Treaty of Paris, contains all the Congres- sional acts passed by the first through fourth Congresses, printed under order of Congress. This set is complete with the index and the addition of a fourth volume, being the printing of the laws of the Fifth Congress, here in uniform bindings. EVANS 31356 (vols. 1-2), 32973 (vol. 3) and 32951, 34688, and 36479 (vol. 4). $2800.

Requiring the Publication of Treaties: Congress Rejects Secrecy

174. [United States Laws – First Congress]: CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES: AT THE SECOND SESSION, BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CITY OF NEW-YORK, ON MONDAY THE FOURTH OF JANUARY, ONE THOUSAND SEVEN HUNDRED AND NINETY. RESOLVED BY THE SENATE AND HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES...THAT ALL TREATIES MADE...SHALL FROM TIME TO TIME BE PUBLISHED...[caption title]. [New York]: Printed by Francis Childs and John Swaine, [1790]. Small folio broadside. Dbd. Small contemporary numerical inscription (“77”) in lower margin. Half-inch stain not affecting text; three-inch tears at right edge not affecting text. Very good. Untrimmed.

“Approved, June the fourteenth, 1790.” Congressional printing of a resolution establishing that all treaties made by the United States “from time to time be published and annexed to their code of laws, by the Secretary of State.” Evidently the second known copy of a House resolution requiring the publication of all treaties, thus rejecting the possibility of secret treaties. No treaty, except with Indian tribes, was made until Jay’s Treaty in 1795. Signed in print by Speaker of the House Fred- erick Augustus Muhlenberg, John Adams, and George Washington. Not in Evans or Bristol. OCLC locates no physical copies; NAIP records one, at the American Antiquarian Society. Rare. NAIP w026611. $1500.

The Acts of the First Federal Congress

175. [United States Laws – First Congress]: ACTS PASSED AT A CON- GRESS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.... [bound with:] ACTS PASSED AT THE SECOND SESSION OF THE CON- GRESS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.... [bound with:] ACTS PASSED AT THE THIRD SESSION OF THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.... Philadelphia & New York: Francis Childs and John Swaine, [1791]. Three volumes bound in one. 93,[1]; 228; [3],228-277,[1 blank],[278]-279pp. Folio. Contemporary calf, expertly rebacked in period style, original gilt morocco label preserved. Rubbed. Scattered dampstaining and foxing. Despite defects, overall very good.

The acts of Congress from the first three sessions of the first Congress, including:

The second folio edition of the Acts Passed at a Congress..., after the first of 1789, reprinted to accom- pany the session laws with which it is here bound. The first session of Congress met in New York on March 4, 1789 and continued until the end of September. It officially ratified the Constitution and Washington’s election as first U.S. president, and passed much of the most basic legislation for the machinery of government, regulating the Customs, Judiciary, Post Office, Mint, and the like. Much time was spent on the Bill of Rights, which appears here, still including twelve amendments (the first two, relating to the numbers in a congressional district and congressional salaries, were later omitted). Needless to say, all of these things make the acts of this session a foundation work in the history of American government. The Acts Passed at the Second Session... “contains the Treaties and Conventions ratified with the several countries of Europe, and with the Indian tribes” (Evans). Much more important foundation legislation was passed in this session, including the Census, naturalization law, the copyright bill, the settling of the District of Columbia as the seat of the new government, and various tariff and fiscal laws. This issue of the Acts Passed at the Third Session... is apparently unrecorded. Evans and NAIP cite two other folio editions: another Philadelphia edition of 286 pages, and a Richmond edition printed for the General Assembly of the State of Virginia. This 279-page edition clearly is complete in itself: the last printing is halfway down the recto of the leaf, followed by a terminal type ornament. Evans states that the 286-page version is not the first, without providing an alternative. It seems likely that this is the actual first issue. More important legislation is found here: the admission of Vermont, the incorporation of the Bank of the United States, the admission of Kentucky, and the establishment of the Mint.

A foundation volume of laws. EVANS 23842 (1st session), 22952 (2nd session), 23845 (3rd session, another ed). NAIP w014375 (another ed). $13,500.

Changing the Location of the District of Columbia to Its Final Position

176. [United States Laws – First Congress]: CONGRESS OF THE UNIT- ED STATES...BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CITY OF PHILA- DELPHIA, ON MONDAY THE SIXTH OF DECEMBER, ONE THOUSAND SEVEN HUNDRED AND NINETY. AN ACT TO AMEND “AN ACT, FOR ESTABLISHING THE TEMPORARY AND PERMANENT SEAT OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES.” [caption title]. [Philadelphia. 1791]. Small folio broadside. Dbd. Near fine. In a cloth clamshell case, leather label.

“Approved, March the third, 1791.” This rare official printing of a law passed by the third session of the First Congress amends the law passed in the second session creating the District of Columbia. It allows the President to adjust the position of the District along the Potomac, and so set its final position. The law allowed Washington to move the district slightly downstream, so as to include Alexandria and “a convenient part of the Eastern Branch.” This had the net effect of including more Virginia land, but the act specifies that all public buildings had to stay on the Maryland side. Signed in print by Speaker of the House Frederick Augustus Muhlenberg, John Adams, and George Washington. NAIP and OCLC together record four copies, at the American Antiquarian Society, the Massachusetts Histori- cal Society, the New York Public Library, and the Library of Congress. EVANS 23869. NAIP w014409. $4500. 177. [United States Senate]: JOURNAL OF THE SECOND SESSION OF THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CITY OF NEW-YORK, JANUARY 4th, 1790.... New York: John Fenno, 1790. 224pp. (pp.222-224 misnumbered 122-124). Contemporary three-quarter calf and marbled boards, rebacked in period style, maroon gilt morocco label. Rubbed. Minor spotting and toning. Very good.

The Senate journal of the second session of the first Congress. This is the first issue, with the final leaves incorrectly numbered. Many important issues were settled in the discussions recorded herein, and many significant moments in the nation’s history are treated in depth. Included are the first State of the Union Message, discussions of state surrender of western lands, notices of ratification of the Bill of Rights, and discussions concerning the seat of government and Hamilton’s fiscal proposals. A highly important journal describing some of the founding legislation of the United States. NAIP w020579. EVANS 22982. $7500.

178. [United States Senate]: JOURNAL OF THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, BEING THE FIRST SESSION OF THE SECOND CONGRESS, BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA, OCTOBER 24th, 1791; AND IN THE SIXTEENTH YEAR OF THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE SAID UNITED STATES. Philadelphia: John Fenno, 1791. 228pp. (p.228 misnumbered 224, as in some copies). Folio. Contemporary sheep, neatly rebacked in matching style, gilt morocco label. Very good.

An important early Congressional document, describing the actions of the Senate in late 1791 and early 1792, at the height of the Federalist–Anti-Federalist struggle. As well, George Washington’s address to Congress, printed here, contains an interesting note about the tax on distilled spirits. Protests to this tax would result in the Whiskey Rebellion of 1794. Also contains important early legislation on frontier defenses, Ohio, fisheries, lighthouses, the Mint, and militias. EVANS 24911. NAIP w020582. $2750.

179. [United States Senate]: JOURNAL OF THE THIRD SESSION OF THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, BE- GUN AND HELD AT THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA, DECEM- BER 6th, 1790. Philadelphia: John Fenno, 1791. 203pp. Folio. Antique-style three-quarter calf and marbled boards, spine gilt, leather labels. Lightly foxed. Ownership signature of James Hillhouse (1754-1832), a New Haven lawyer and politician who served as a U.S. Congressman and later Senator. Very good.

The journal of the Senate recorded during the third session of the first Congress and including its response to a State of the Union address by Washington detailing issues with public credit and the northwest frontier; sundry acts authorizing the President to discharge foreign debts; and “An Act Declaring the Consent of Con- gress, that a New State be Formed within the Jurisdiction of the Commonwealth of Virginia, and Admitted into this Union by the name of the State of Kentucky.” In all, many important issues were settled in the discussions recorded here, and many significant events in the nation’s history are treated in depth. NAIP w020589. EVANS 23901. $4500.

180. [United States Senate]: JOURNAL OF THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA; BEING THE SECOND SES- SION OF THE SECOND CONGRESS, BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA, NOVEMBER 5th, 1792.... Phila- delphia: Printed by John Fenno, 1792 [i.e. 1793]. 100pp. Folio. Contemporary marbled wrappers bound into 20th-century buckram, gilt. Minor edge wear, some dust soiling. Wrappers chipped and backed on archival paper. Small repair at bottom edge, small ink library stamp on verso of titlepage, minor dampstaining to first few and last few leaves, minor foxing, a few bottom corners repaired. Good.

A rare and important Senate journal from the second session of the second Con- gress. The Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 was passed in this session of the Senate, and notice of President Washington signing it into law can be found on page 57. The second Senate also passed the Judiciary Act of 1793, further defining the structure of the judicial system of the fledgling nation. This second session of the Senate also passed legislation relating to compensation of the president and vice president, the regulation of foreign coinage, Indian trade and treaties, and more. EVANS 26333. GOODSPEED 323:29. ESTC W20586. $2000.

181. [United States Senate]: JOURNAL OF THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, BEING THE FIRST SES- SION OF THE THIRD CONGRESS, BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA, DECEMBER 2d., 1793. AND IN THE EIGHTEENTH YEAR OF THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE SAID UNITED STATES. Philadelphia: John Fenno, 1793. 205pp. Folio. Modern three-quarter calf and boards, gilt-stamped spine. Titlepage soiled, laid down on archival paper. Scattered foxing. Very good.

With a notice from George Washington that the Minister Plenipotentiary of the Republic of France, Edmund Genêt, has been recalled. Despite repeated warnings from both Washington and Jefferson, Genêt persisted in outfitting private United States ships for naval raids on British vessels, ultimately resulting in his being recalled. Other important issues addressed are the increasingly difficult trade environment, with England and France at war, and frontier Indian relations. EVANS 27911. NAIP w020584. $4000.

182. [United States-Sweden Treaty]: WANSKAPS OCH HANDELS TRACTAT EMELLAN SWERIGE OCH THE FORENTE STAE- RNE I NORRA AMERICA...TRAITE D’AMITIE ET DE COM- MERCE ENTRE SA MAJESTE LE ROI DE SUEDE ET LES ETATS UNIS DE L’AMERIQUE SEPTENTRIONALE.... Stockholm. 1785. [48]pp., printed in double columns in parallel French and Swedish. The notice of the American ratification on the final three pages is printed in Swed- ish and English. Small quarto. Gathered signatures, stitched. Contemporary ownership signature at bottom of titlepage. Fine. Untrimmed.

This is only the third treaty made by the United States with a power other than France (the others were with the Netherlands in 1782 and the peace treaty with Britain of 1783), and by it Sweden became the fourth nation to officially recognize the United States. Benjamin Franklin was the American negotiator, and this treaty offers good evidence of his diplomatic activities in Europe beyond his work with the French and peace negotiations with the British. Although the treaty was concluded on April 3, 1783 (see Evans 18245 for a broadside announcing the event), it was not printed until this Stockholm publication. It was very likely printed in a very small edition for official use and certainly not generally circulated. Sweden was one of the major maritime powers of the period, and the conclusion of this treaty was an important step forward for the American negotiations with the British in Paris. By the treaty the United States and Sweden grant each other most-favored nation trade status, agree on rules for trade in times of peace and war, and establish a framework for exchanging consular representation. While it follows Franco-American treaties and consular accords, the French treaties were colored by the mutual state of war with Great Britain. This is the first regular treaty of friendship and commerce between the United States and a neutral power. MALLOY, p.1724. SABIN 100931. $1500.

183. Varnum, James M.: THE CASE, TREVETT AGAINST WEEDEN: ON INFORMATION AND COMPLAINT, FOR REFUSING PA- PER BILLS IN PAYMENT FOR BUTCHER’S MEAT, IN MAR- KET, AT PAR WITH SPECIE. TRIED BEFORE THE HONOUR- ABLE SUPERIOR COURT, IN THE COUNTY OF NEWPORT, SEPTEMBER TERM, 1786.... Providence: John Carter, 1787. iv,60pp. Quarto. Antique-style calf, gilt leather label. Minor foxing and toning. Very good plus.

First edition of this landmark in the establishment of the doctrine of judicial review, written by the presiding justice. A clear, concise argument for the judiciary’s right to reject legislation that violated the provisions of the new Constitution, and for the power of the judiciary in the realm of political authority. The plaintiff offered paper money, issued by an act of the General Assembly of Rhode Island, for the purchase of meat from the defendant, a butcher. The money was refused and the butcher lodged a complaint. The court ruled in favor of the defendant. The present case is considered the most important of the number of colonial cases regarding judicial review, due to its publication as a separate work and the high degree of advertisement and publicity it received at the time of the Convention. Varnum’s influence on John Marshall’s statement in Marbury v. Madison, seventeen years later, is apparent. Madison noted it in the debates, and Warren supported the ruling. Varnum later became the justice for the new Northwest Territory and participated in drafting its laws. ALDEN 1105. EVANS 20825. SABIN 98638. KRESS B1355. JCB (3)I:3167. $1250.

Establishing the Federal Government in Virginia

184. [Virginia Laws]: ACTS PASSED AT A GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA, BEGUN AND HELD AT THE PUBLIC BUILDINGS, IN THE CITY OF RICHMOND, ON MONDAY, THE TWENTIETH DAY OF OCTOBER, IN THE YEAR OF OUR LORD, ONE THOUSAND SEVEN HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-EIGHT. Richmond: Printed by Dixon, Davis, and Nich- olson, [1789]. 49,[1]pp. Folio. Antique-style half calf and marbled boards, leather label. Some light soiling. Very good.

The rare session laws for the Virginia state legislature in 1788, including many implementing the federal government. Virginia ratified the new constitution in the summer of 1788 and thus insured its passage. Acts address issues inherent in early American statehood, such as the selection of electors to choose the president and representatives to Congress. Likewise, there are acts to prevent the importation of convicts to Virginia, thus ending the era of “indentured servants”; an act “for the more effectual punishing of conspiracies and insurrections” among slaves; acts preventing incestuous marriage and bigamy; an act concerning the importation of slaves into Kentucky; and numerous other issues relevant to early statehood. Scarce, with fewer than ten copies in OCLC. EVANS 22224. ESTC W23696. $4500.

The First Official Printing of James Madison’s Virginia Resolutions: The Foundation Stone of the “States’ Rights” Movement

185. [Virginia Resolutions]: [Madison, James]: [ Jefferson, Thomas]: ACTS PASSED AT A GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE COM- MONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA: BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CAPITOL, IN THE CITY OF RICHMOND, ON MONDAY, THE THIRD DAY OF DECEMBER, ONE THOUSAND SEVEN HUN- DRED AND NINETY-EIGHT. Richmond: Meriwether Jones and John Dixon, 1799. 36pp. Folio. Expertly bound to style in half calf and period marbled boards, spine gilt, red morocco label. Expert restoration in lower margin. Very good. Provenance: Benjamin Harrison (signatures on titlepage).

The present extraordinarily rare and important session laws of Virginia for 1798, containing the first official printing of the “Virginia Resolutions.” Introduced and championed by the great libertarian, John Taylor of Caroline, the Virginia Reso- lutions were written by James Madison in collaboration with Thomas Jefferson. Together with similar resolutions introduced into the Kentucky legislature the following year, they stand as one of the foremost documents in the history of the “States’ Rights” argument and American libertarianism. The stage for the Virginia Resolutions was set by the bitter Federalist-Republican arguments of the 1790s, culminating in the so-called Alien and Sedition Laws of 1798, passed by the Federalist majority in Congress. These restrictive measures on free speech raised serious questions about the ultimate scope of federal powers and were viewed by the Republicans as unconstitutional attacks on civil liberties and the prerogatives of the states. Thomas Jefferson, then vice president, and Congressman James Madison, as the Republican leaders, determined to protest the laws through the medium of resolutions in the Virginia and Kentucky legislatures, effectively concealing their authorship at the time. Madison drafted the Virginia resolutions and Jefferson the Kentucky ones, although they are similar in content and ultimately the result of the close collaboration between the two men. In these documents they argue that the states should determine the scope of federal powers and that potentially any state could reject any federal law – the principle of “Nullification,” as it was labeled in the Kentucky Resolutions. In Madison’s words:

That this Assembly doth explicitly and peremptorily declare, that it views the power of the federal government, as resulting from a compact, to which the states are parties; as limited by the plain sense and intention in that compact.... the states who are parties thereof, have the right, and are in duty bound, to interpose for arresting the progress of the evil, and for maintaining within their respective limits, the authorities, rights, and liberties appertaining to them.

In short, that each state had the right to reject federal laws it felt were not within the “plain sense and intention” of the Constitution. The Virginia Resolutions were introduced into the Virginia House of Delegates by John Taylor of Caroline on Dec. 13, 1798. A number of important Virginia political figures, including John Mercer, William Branch Giles, Henry Lee, George Nicholas, and others, took part in the spirited debates over the next two weeks. The Resolutions (printed on page 33) were finally passed by the House on the 21st of December and the State Senate on the 24th. The immediate effect of the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions was not great. The Federalist states greeted them coolly, although they provoked considerable debate, and the Jeffersonian revolution of 1800 swept away the laws they targeted; but they remained an active political document which gained force over time. They were widely invoked from the South Carolina Nullification Crisis of 1832 to seces- sion before the Civil War, and are still cited as primary doctrines in States’ Rights theory and American libertarianism. Written by two of the United States’ greatest political minds, they also contained the seeds of the destruction of the Union. The first official printing of the Virginia Resolutions establishes this volume as an incredibly important American State Paper, of the greatest rarity. EVANS 36629. TOWER 937. SWEM 7904. $65,000.

A Dutch Loan on Washington, D.C. Real Estate

186. [Washington, D.C.]: Greenleaf, James: PLAN EENER NEGOTI- ATIE...TEN COMPTOIRE VAN DE HEEREN ROCQUETTE, ELZEVIER EN BEELDEMAKER, TE ROOTTERDAM, VOOR REKEENING VAN DEN WEL-ED. HEER JAMES GREENLEAF. Rotterdam. Dec. 15, 1794. [4]pp. on a single folded sheet. Three horizontal folds, else fine.

A rare Dutch loan certificate for prime real estate in the new nation’s capital. The title translates to Scheme of a Negotiation...at the Offices of Messrs. Rocquette, Elsevier and Beeldemaker, at Rotterdam, for the Account of the Right Honourable James Greenleaf. This printed document involves James Greenleaf, the U.S. consul to Amsterdam, who helped open up the new Federal City to land speculators. It is signed at the end by a Dutch banking official. Hamilton and Jefferson having struck their deal to move the nation’s capital from iniquitous New York to virtuous Virginia, it fell to President Washington to oversee the construction of the new Federal City. He appointed Pierre L’Enfant to draw up the architectural plan, and named three trusted friends to serve as commissioners to supervise the sale and development of property lots: Daniel Carroll, Thomas Johnson, and David Stuart. Onto this wide open field of opportunity stepped James Greenleaf in 1793, a young Bostonian, cousin (by marriage) of John Adams. Greenleaf used his friendship with presidential secretary Tobias Lear to win the confidence of Washington, who in turn convinced the commissioners to sell Greenleaf 3,000 lots. Greenleaf paid with a promise instead of cash: he would give the commissioners $12,000 per year for seven years, and he backed that commitment with boasts of a million-dollar line of credit available to him for the asking in Holland. Such prospects no doubt played a key part in Washington’s decision to appoint him the American consul to Amsterdam in October 1793. This loan was the best Greenleaf could do: a million guilders instead of dollars (equivalent to $400,000). The lots here listed as collateral include some of the prime real estate of present-day Washington: Lots 680-682 are home to Union Station Plaza and Columbus Circle; Lot 725 is where the Hart Senate Office Building stands; and the Jefferson Building of the Library of Congress now covers Lot 730. Washington told Lear in September 1793 that Greenleaf “has dipped deeply in the concerns of the Federal City...on very advantageous terms for himself,” but the President hoped such speculation would bring needed cash to the city’s treasury (Works, 33:105). In December 1793, Greenleaf bought another 3,000 lots in league with Declaration signer Robert Morris and John Nicholson, who were together trying to build a real estate empire on the western frontier. Washington’s “repugnance was greater” towards this second sale since Greenleaf “was speculating deeply...thereby laying the foundation of immense profit to himself and those with whom he was concerned” (Works, 34:79-80). Greenleaf ’s pyramidal schemes were crumbling by late 1795, and Washington was calling the Bostonian’s contract with the Commissioners “an unproductive and a disagreeable spectacle” (Works, 34:305). In September 1795, as the present document indicates, the Dutch bankers scaled back their loan to a $60,000 mortgage on 250 lots and packaged it to Dutch investors. This document is one of only 150 shares offered, and investors could present the coupon included here to receive payment at the bank’s offices. Few likely did so, since Greenleaf ’s many creditors threw him into debtor’s prison. The debacle convinced Washington and the commissioners that Congress and not speculators had to finance the city’s construction. Greenleaf died in 1842, but the litigation over his holdings long outlived him. The last action concerning his tangled deals was not concluded until 1857. Dutch banking documents concerning early Washington, D.C. are extremely rare. Only one copy is recorded, at the Library of Congress. This copy formerly sold at Christie’s, New York, Dec. 18, 2003. $7500.

With a Wonderful Woodcut

187. [Washington, George]: WEATHERWISE’S TOWN AND COUN- TRY ALMANACK, FOR THE YEAR OF OUR LORD, 1784; BE- ING BESSEXTILE [sic] OR LEAP-YEAR: AND THE EIGHTH OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE.... Boston: Nathaniel Coverly, [1783]. [24]pp. Pictorial self-wrappers, stitched as issued. Light soiling and tanning, heavier soil on outermost leaves. Small tear repaired in second leaf. Good.

An early and rare post-Revolutionary almanac, notable for the primitive woodcut containing an almost cartoon-like portrait of “Victorious General Washington, survey’d in pleasing attitudes...while Britannia deplores her loss of America.” The caption beneath the image reads: “Washington – Victory doth thy Trumpets sound, Who are with Laurels, cover’d round.” NAIP attributes this almanac to Daniel George and says that Evans is incorrect in assigning it to David Rittenhouse. Another issue, identical save for the titlepage, was also published in 1783 with the Boston imprint of Norman & White. “The illustration was...a sort of lifetime memorial that reflected Washington’s legendary status among his countrymen by the time the Revolution was over” – Wick. NAIP locates six copies. EVANS 18163. DRAKE 3335. WICK, GEORGE WASHINGTON AN AMERICAN ICON 18. NAIP w036458. $1250.

George Washington Writes from Mount Vernon About Mules and Female Sexuality

188. Washington, George: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM GEORGE WASHINGTON TO RICHARD SPRIGG, REGARD- ING A DONKEY]. Mount Vernon. June 29, 1786. [1]p. plus integral address leaf. Quarto on a folded folio sheet. Old fold lines. Silked on verso. Loss to address leaf, resulting in loss of addressee’s name. Two words effaced from main text. Lightly tanned. Very good.

An interesting letter written by George Washington during his brief period of re- tirement at Mount Vernon, before his election to the presidency, revealing a slightly racy side to his character. He writes to Richard Sprigg, a Maryland politician and lawyer, discussing a “she ass” sent by Sprigg to Mount Vernon, from context, pre- sumably for breeding purposes. Washington writes:

Dear Sir, When your favor of the first inst., accompanying the she ass, came to this place, I was from home – both however arrived safe; but Doct. Bowie informs me that the bitch puppy was not brought to his house. Nor have I heard any thing more of the asses at Marlbro’, nor of the grass seeds committed to the care of Mr. Digges. I feel myself obliged by your polite offer of the first fruit of your jenny. Though in appearance quite unequal to the match, yet, like a true female, she was not to be terrified at the disproportional size of her paramour; and having renewed the conflict twice or thrice it is to be hoped the issue will be favourable. My best respects attend [Mrs. Sprigg] & the rest of your family. With great esteem & regard, I am Dr. Sir Yr. most ob. serv. Go. Washington.

This missive is recorded by the Washington Papers, though with the date in error by one day, having been transcribed and recorded from a George D. Smith catalogue, where it appeared in the early years of the 20th century (Smith died in 1920). Since then, the address leaf and Mrs. Sprigg’s name have been effaced from the document. A rather racy bit of agricultural correspondence by Washington. $35,000.

189. [Washington, George]: A MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES TO CONGRESS RELATIVE TO FRANCE AND GREAT-BRITAIN. DELIVERED DECEMBER 5, 1793. WITH THE PAPERS THEREIN REFERRED TO. TO WHICH ARE ADDED THE FRENCH ORIGINALS. Philadelphia: Printed by Childs and Swaine, 1793. 102,[1]pp. Original wrappers, stitched. Contemporary ink inscription on front wrapper in Samuel Huntington’s hand: “Message from the President...Govr. Huntington.” Wrappers chipped at spine. Terminal leaves soiled, some marginal chipping, minor foxing. Overall very good. Untrimmed.

Howes describes this official version of the Genêt affair as the first of many presidential messages to Congress. In 1793 the U.S. entered a serious diplomatic quandary with the arrival of Citizen Genêt, minister of the French Republic. Soon after landing on American soil Genêt proceeded to foment the philosophy of the French Revolution and interfere in American politics in a most undiplomatic manner. This report by Washington to Congress is largely made up of the correspondence of Thomas Jefferson, who at the time was Secretary of State. While most copies of the report were originally issued and bound with the “Papers” relative to Great Britain and the “French originals” referred to in the title, the present copy was issued with the report alone and remains in its original plain blue wrappers. The front wrapper bears the contemporary ownership inscription of Samuel Huntington (1731-96), a signer of the Declaration of Independence and the popular third governor of the state of Connecticut. EVANS 26334. HOWES M554. DAB IX, pp.418-19. $1250. Daniel Webster’s Second Published Work

190. Webster, Daniel: A FUNERAL ORATION, OCCASIONED BY THE DEATH OF EPHRAIM SIMONDS, OF TEMPLETON, MASSACHUSETTS, A MEMBER OF THE SENIOR CLASS IN DARTMOUTH COLLEGE; WHO DIED AT HANOVER, (N.H.) ON THE 18th OF JUNE 1801, ÆT. 26. Hanover: By Moses Davis, 1801. 13pp. Half title within funereal borders. Original printed self-wrappers, stitched. Light tanning, trimmed (but not affecting pagination or text). Overall in near fine condition. In a half morocco and cloth box.

The second published work of Daniel Web- ster, preceded only by a 4th of July oration he delivered at Dartmouth in 1800 when he was a member of the junior class. That oration was also printed by Moses Davis in Hanover, and it appears to be more common than the present funeral speech, which is located in only ten copies by Shaw & Shoemaker and OCLC. Webster was only nineteen when he delivered the present address, but his performances in the Dartmouth College debating societies had already earned him a reputation as a powerful speaker. Web- ster and Ephraim Simonds were classmates, friends, and fellow members of Phi Beta Kappa. Webster’s language is florid and a bit overly dramatic (in the style of the day), but also shows glimpses of the style that made him the most famous orator of his day. The final page of text is an ode, composed and set to music for Ephraim Simonds’ funeral. Robert Remini says that while Webster gave several speeches during his Dartmouth days, this Simonds oration “was the most remarkable for its unaffected directness, compelling emotion, and strong religious feeling.” A scarce and very attractive copy of this seminal Webster speech. SHAW & SHOEMAKER 1629. OCLC 6286761. Robert Remini, Daniel Webster: The Man and His Times (New York, 1997), p.54. Clifford B. Clapp, “The Speeches of Daniel Web- ster” in The Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America, Vol. 13, (1919), pp.3-63, especially pp.13-14. $3750. One of Webster’s First Works

191. Webster, Noah: A GRAMMATICAL INSTITUTE OF THE ENG- LISH LANGUAGE, COMPRISING AN EASY, CONCISE AND SYSTEMATIC METHOD OF EDUCATION; DESIGNED FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS IN AMERICA. IN THREE PARTS. PART III. Hartford: Barlow & Babcock, 1785. 186pp. 12mo. Contemporary calf, leather label. Head and foot of spine chipped, corners and hinges rubbed. Contemporary ownership inscriptions on front endpapers and titlepage. First six leaves loose. Light foxing and soiling. Good.

Webster’s first publication was Part I of A Grammatical Institute..., published in Hartford in 1783. The present work is the first edition of Part III, the pronuncia- tion and spelling text. Of great interest as one of Webster’s earliest contributions. EVANS 19361. $3000.

192. Webster, Noah: A COLLECTION OF PAPERS ON THE SUBJECT OF BILIOUS FEVERS, PREVALENT IN THE UNITED STATES FOR A FEW YEARS PAST. New York: Printed by Hopkins, Webb and Co., 1796. x,ix,246pp. Contemporary half calf and paper boards, spine gilt. Spine worn, front board detached. James Kent’s signature on titlepage and notes throughout, in ink. Newspaper clipping dated March 18, 1798 affixed to rear pastedown. Internally very good. Untrimmed.

Chancellor James Kent’s copy, with his signature and extensive annotations. This work comprises accounts of and remarks on yellow fever by doctors from the various coastal cities ravaged by the disease throughout the 1790s. Kent’s copious notes include meteorological observations, memoirs, and figures relating to the epidemic through 1799, as well as an entry on an outbreak in 1807. AUSTIN 2025. EVANS 31593. SABIN 102346. $1500.

The Second Edition of Weems’ Washington

193. Weems, Mason L.: [A HISTORY OF THE LIFE AND DEATH, VIRTUES AND EXPLOITS, OF GENERAL GEORGE WASH- INGTON. FAITHFULLY TAKEN FROM AUTHENTIC DOCU- MENTS, AND, NOW, IN A SECOND EDITION IMPROVED...]. [Philadelphia: John Borien, 1800?] [2],82pp. Title-leaf in expert facsimile. Antique-style half calf and marbled boards, leather label. Some spotty staining to last few leaves, else very good.

Apparently the second edition of Weems’ biography of Washington under the above title, which was originally issued in 1800 under a slightly different title. The biography was issued immediately after the death of the great man, was immensely popular, and was published in a variety of editions by various printers. Almost all seem to have been literally read to pieces, and the first edition is essentially unobtainable. All early editions of Weems’ famous work are quite rare and virtually never appear in the marketplace. HOWES W218. EVANS 39062. $1750.

With the Famous Abraham Panther Captivity

194. [West, Benjamin]: [Panther, Abraham]: BICKERSTAFF’S ALMA- NACK, FOR THE YEAR OF OUR LORD, 1788. BEING BISSEX- TILE OR LEAP YEAR, AND TWELFTH OF AMERICAN INDE- PENDENCE. Norwich. [1787]. [24]pp. Original plain wrappers, stitched, as issued. Faint contemporary ink notations on covers. Minor toning, light foxing. Very good.

A rare and important Bickerstaff ’s almanac, containing the first printing of the famous Abraham Panther Indian captivity. Titled “A Surprising account of the Discovery of a Lady who was taken by the Indians in the year 1787, and after making her escape, she retired to a lonely Cave, where she lived nine years,” the captivity narrative covers pages 19-24 of the almanac. The captivity account was found to be fictional, but was nonetheless popular and reprinted more than twenty times between this first appearance and 1814. Rare, with only three copies reported in ESTC. EVANS 20875. DRAKE 416. TRUMBULL 1846. VAIL 767. SABIN 93891. AYER SUPPLEMENT 13. JONES CHECKLIST 608. ESTC W25617. $2500.

Prompting the Whiskey Rebellion, Signed by Secretary of State Edmund Randolph

195. [Whiskey Rebellion]: [Randolph, Edmund]: THIRD CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES...AN ACT MAKING FURTHER PRO- VISION FOR SECURING AND COLLECTING THE DUTIES ON FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC DISTILLED SPIRITS, STILLS, WINES AND TEAS [caption title]. Philadelphia. 1794. [4]pp. Folio. Soil- ing and foxing, particularly to the last page. Old fold lines. About very good.

An act passed by the third Congress, just as the insurrection which later became known as the Whiskey Rebellion was fomenting. This law was the final straw which prompted the Rebellion. Among other things, this act requires licensing of all stills and subjects any which are not licensed to forfeiture and confiscation. George Washington’s presidential message of Nov. 22, 1792 advocated a tax on distilled spirits, and Alexander Hamilton was a strong proponent of the whiskey excise tax, which was part of his overall plan for putting the federal government on a sound fiscal basis. As with many of his other proposals, it aroused bitter opposition in some quarters. Some objected that it laid federal taxes which properly belong to the states, while frontier representatives considered themselves singled out for an onerous tax. The impact of the whiskey revenue took several years to take full effect while the system of collectors was installed. Growing resistance to the tax continued to develop through the summer of 1794, when the Whiskey Rebellion began, finally set off by this licensing law. Congress repealed the excise tax on distilled spirits in March 1797, effectively ending the cause of the revolt. “Approved – June the fifth 1794” and signed in print by Speaker of the House Freder- ick Augustus Muhlenberg, Vice President John Adams, and President George Washington. Variant issues of the Acts of the third Congress are known, and this is the issue which ends with the printed lines “Depos- ited among the Rolls in the Of- fice of the Secretary of State” and “Secretary of State” and is signed in manuscript by the second Secretary of State, Ed- mund Randolph. NAIP notes five copies, including the one at the University of Michigan which is listed on OCLC. Edmund Randolph became the second Secretary of State on Jan. 2, 1794, succeeding Thomas Jefferson, who resigned at the end of 1793. He continued the practice begun in the First Congress of the Secretary of State signing a small number of “official” copies of Congressional acts for distribution to the states and important government officials. After the third Congress official acts were no longer signed in manuscript by the Secretary of State. EVANS 27868. NAIP w014557. OCLC 166618093. $4500.

196. [Williamson, Charles]: DESCRIPTION OF THE GENESEE COUNTRY, ITS RAPIDLY PROGRESSIVE POPULATION AND IMPROVEMENTS: IN A SERIES OF LETTERS FROM A GEN- TLEMAN TO HIS FRIEND. Albany: Printed by Loring Andrews & Co., 1798. 37pp. plus two folding maps. Folding frontis. Square quarto. Original front speckled wrapper bound into paneled green morocco (Club Bindery, 1908), gilt, spine gilt with raised bands, a.e.g. Spine faded to brown, joints worn. Bookplate on front pastedown. Washed, maps silked. Very good. In a morocco slipcase.

The Beverly Chew copy, with his bookplate on the front pastedown, later given as a gift to the New Jersey Historical Society. The rare first edition of this promotional pamphlet for the Pulteney Estate in western New York, issued by the promoters of the region, the English Associates. Written in the form of five letters, it describes the history of the area and its potential for development. The folding frontispiece depicts Fort Oswego on the shore of Lake Ontario, and the two maps show On- tario and Steuben counties, and the location of the Genesee lands in relation to the Atlantic coast. A subsequent printing appeared in 1799, and Howes records three more printings in 1804. These guide books were utilized by prospective settlers and were often discarded after they arrived at their new homes. HOWES W493, “b.” VAIL 1182. EVANS 35033. SABIN 104441. JCB 2:3951. $9000.

“...the emergence of American libertarianism...”

197. Wortman, Tunis: A TREATISE CONCERNING POLITICAL EN- QUIRY, AND THE LIBERTY OF THE PRESS. New York: Printed by George Forman...for the author, 1800. 296pp. Antique-style half calf and marbled boards, leather label. Titlepage stained and printed a bit faintly, with upper blank margin excised. Light toning and foxing. Very good despite the noted flaws to the titlepage.

This copy bears the ownership signature of John Chapman Hunter on the titlepage and preface page. Hunter (1762-1849) was Presiding Justice of the court in Fairfax County, Virginia. Wortman’s book is the foremost expression of American libertarian thinking on freedom of speech in its formative stages, stating more fully than any of his fellow Jeffersonian Democrats the case for freedom of expression. Leonard Levy writes:

Tunis Wortman, a New York lawyer who was prominent in Tammany politics, contributed pre-eminently to the emergence of American libertarianism in his book....It is, in a sense, the book that Jefferson did not write, but should have. Devoid of party polemics and of the characteristically American preoccupation with legal and constitutional problems, it is a work of political philosophy that systematically presents the case for freedom of expression...the outstanding characteristics of the book are its philosophic approach and its absolutist theses.

From the premise of the Declaration of Independence that the people have the right to dissolve political bonds, Wortman implied an “unlimited right” for individuals and society to express political opinions. For Wortman, a society interested in fur- thering knowledge or truth must leave speech “entirely unshackled.” He held that open debate furthered the ability of society to arrive at the wisest course of action. He argued that the effect of the Alien and Sedition Acts was self-defeating, since coercion could not suppress thought but only its expression, and so would inevitably lead to a lack of faith in the government, which he viewed as a worse consequence than any breach of peace. Levy concludes: “Wortman’s treatise is surely the pre- eminent American classic, because of its scope, fullness, philosophical approach, masterful marshalling of the facts, and uncompromisingly radical view.” EVANS 39150. SABIN 105514. McCOY, FREEDOM OF THE PRESS W398. COHEN 3603. Leonard Levy, Legacy of Suppression (Cambridge, 1960), pp.283-89. $6000.

The First Published Practice Manual for an American Court, with Massive Annotations Compiled over Two Decades

198. Wyche, William: A TREATISE ON THE PRACTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT OF JUDICATURE OF THE STATE OF NEW-YORK IN CIVIL ACTIONS. New York: T. and J. Swords, 1794. xvi,355,[1]p. Lacks the half title and prospectuses (pp.[358-359]). Thick octavo. Antique-style half calf and marbled boards, stamped in gilt, leather label. Interleaved throughout, with extensive manuscript annotations in a contemporary hand. Contemporary ownership inscription on titlepage, trimmed a bit at top edge. Light scattered soiling. Very good.

The first American practice manual for the legal profession, based in part on manuscript works by Alexander Hamilton. The present copy, interleaved throughout, contains massive annotations compiled by an attorney who was evidently in active practice before the New York Supreme Court at least until 1813. This is the self- styled second edition, published the same year as the first. It may have been the intention of the annotator to publish a new edition, but no such work ever appeared. Not much is known about William Wyche, a British émigré to America. On the titlepage of his treatise he styles himself as being “Of the honorable law society of Grey’s Inn, London; and citizen of the United States of America.” Wyche entered Grey’s Inn at the end of 1788, but did not stay long enough to be registered as a proper barrister (a term of five years), and citizenship took two years’ residence, meaning he must have emigrated around or before 1792. His Treatise... quite practically translates, in a well-organized fashion, the practices of the New York court system in civil cases. This would have been eminently helpful for lawyers just starting out and learning to navigate the state’s legal system. In the preface Wyche discusses the sources he consulted in the compilation of his work, noting: “Some practical sketches in manuscript, one passing under the name of a personage of high respectability, have been consulted; and whatever appeared of importance has been incorporated.” The manuscript work referred to is undoubtedly one prepared by Alexander Hamilton in the 1780s. His treatise on practice circulated in manuscript copies (only one of which survives today) but was never published in the Federal period. It has been published in modern times by both the Hamilton Papers project and the New York Bar Association as Practical Proceedings in the Supreme Court of the State of New York. A comparison of the texts reveals that Wyche did indeed draw heavily on Hamilton’s pioneering work. Wyche himself was only briefly part of the New York legal scene. He was not admitted to practice before the New York Supreme Court until May of 1795. Prior to this he published several books and married in 1794. He appeared in the 1795 and 1796 New York directories, and last appeared in a legal action in January 1796. After that he disappears. The present copy is of extraordinary interest for the extensive contemporary annotations throughout the text. The volume is interleaved, doubling its size, and bears significant and detailed notes throughout by an unidentified contemporary author. The annotator was clearly an active practitioner before the Court. The earliest date we note is 1796, shortly after publication, and the latest is 1813, providing a detailed picture of the evolution of the Court in its early years. A fertile basis for future research, the notes are quite evocative of the training of American lawyers in the Federal period. A highly important book and manuscript, providing a key to the basis of legal practice in New York. ESTC W2533. EVANS 28140. COHEN 9188. Robert Emery, Law Library Journal 93:3, pp.469-77. $11,000. Frequently Cited References

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