THE LIFE-BOAT,

OR

JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION.

(ISSUED QUABTEBLY.)

VOL. XIL—No. 129.] AUGUST 1, 1883. [PRICE 3rf.

THE EFFECT OF OIL ON BREAKING WAVES AND COAST SUEF. THE expression " Pouring oil on troubled Nevertheless, it seems strange that this waters" "has been from some remote singular effect of oil in smoothing the period metaphorically used to signify the water's surface, which was so early ob- allayment of anger and strife by kind and served and recorded, has not long ago gentle words. Like all other metaphors, been amply tested, and, if proved to be of this one was no doubt derived from an value, been brought into general use. established and well-known fact; hence From time to time statements have we may reasonably assume that the pheno- appeared in the newspapers of the day, menon of oil stilling the disturbed surface announcing its successful employment in of water was observed in ancient times. storms at sea, more especially by whale- An impression is prevalent that it is ships, the master and crews of which have referred to in the Old Testament, which frequent opportunities, when securing the is not the case, and the earliest notice of oil and blubber from captive whales, of it is, we believe, to be found in the noticing its effect in smoothing the more writings of Pliny the elder, the Roman ! or less ruffled surface of the sea. author, who flourished in the first century j It is likewise said that the shoals of of the Christian era, in which the follow- ! pilchards, a very oily fish, are often dis- ing passage, translated by Dr. Philemon cerned by the smoothness of the water Holland in 1601, occurs:— around them, arising from the oil exuding " All seas are made calme and- still from their bodies. with oyle, and therefore the dyvers do ' Enquiry has also divulged that, in spurt it abroad with their mouths into isolated cases, the fishermen on some the water, because it dulleth the un- [ parts of our coasts have been in the habit pleasant nature thereof, and carryeth a ! of throwing oil into the sea, with evident light with it." ! advantage, when running for the shore The divers referred to in the quotation I through broken wate?. were, we presume, men who dived for All the more surprising, then, does it pearl-oysters, corals, and sponges off the appear that so simple an antidote to a eastern shores of the Mediterranean Sea. i terrible danger has not long since been It does not, however, follow that because universally adopted. oil was thus turned to practical account, The question has, however, of late it had the power of breaking the force of awakened general interest, through the mighty waves, and forbidding their crests , publicity given to it by the newspaper to rise. press, arising from a series of experiments

LIPE-BOAT JOURNAL.—VOL. XIJ.—No. 12[). 174 THE LIFE-BOAT. [AUGUST 1,1883.

carried out at Peter head and Aberdeen, through the punctures freely, the result was with the object of smoothing the broken most satisfactory, scarcely a sea coming on board—each wave as it reached the oil ceasing water at the entrances of those harbours, to curl, and undulating past the ship without a and thus enabling vessels to enter them break. The oil in each bag lasted eight hours. •with comparative safety in on-shore gales The following voyage it was my misfortune to of wind. We may therefore hope that have to put it to a still more practical test, and this matter will not be dropped until it is again the result surpassed my most sanguine expectations. I was compelled to abandon my proved whether or not the use of oil to vessel at midnight, during a very heavy sea, still the waves is of practical value. and the safety of myself and crew lay in launch- The question may be divided into three ing the boats successfully. The boats, which branches, viz.: had been previously provisioned, &c., were in 1st. The use of oil on shipboard. readiness for lowering, but the sea, which was running alongside and breaking over the ship, 2nd. On board fishing and other open made me doubt the possibility of the boats ever boats, and Life-boats. living in it, even if the difficulty of launching 3rd. At the entrances of harbours. them .was overcome, and to the use of oil, under The second division is that which most Providence, we owe our lives. I caused two concerns us, especially that part of it tins of common lamp oil, each containing about two gallons, to be emptied, one over each side, which applies to Life-boats, whose func- and after giving it time to diffuse itself over the tion is chiefly performed amidst' heavy water, the boats were lowered and sheeted clear seas and surfs, and which must ever be a of the sinking ship without shipping as much work of dangerous character. We will, as a bucketful of water. The waves were still however, remark on each in succession. there, towering 30 and 40 feet above us, but without a break or a white-topped one among 1st. The use of oil on shipboard. them, while ahead and astern they were break- For proofs of the effectiveness of oil as ing heavily." a source of safety to ships we are, of course, dependent on the published accounts (2.) Captain JAMES FOKMAN, of the given by masters of vessels who have ship Airlie, of Dundee, writes :— proved its efficacy. The following, selected " On the 28th February, 1882, on our home- from those at our command, which we ward passage from Calcutta, -we encountered a give in their own words, will be found of severe gale from S.W., shifting, as is usual, to interest, and their publication will, we N.W., and then unexpectedly to K.N.E. im- mediately after the N.W. shift. For four hours trust, lead to a more general adoption, or it blew almost a hurricane, not steadily, but in at least to experimental trials, of so simple terrific bursts. For the first hour and a half and apparently efficacious a means of my ship lay down almost unmanageable, the safety, by the masters of other ships. wind N.E., ship heading N.W., with S.W. sea rolling in over our lee rail, completely sweeping (1.) Mr. T. A. CBEGAN, master-mariner our decks, but, I am thankful to say, did no of Glasgow, wrote to the editor of The great damage. We. were obliged to cast away Glasgow JItraldon the 1st March, 1882:— our lower fore topsail and topmast staysail to ease the ship and keep her from falling off. " Some months ago I encountered a very We had to let them blow away, as the men heavy gale when crossing the Bay of Biscay, could not move about the decks in safety. After during which several steamers were lost. My the first four hours it settled down into a strong ship was steaming head to sea, and making very gale, wind N.E. We lay for thirty-six hours on little progress, and the sea, which was from the the starboard tack, a very heavy sea gradually S.W., was breaking on board abaft the bridge, getting up, which washed our forward boats and occasionally with great violence. I had adrift, and stove in one of the plates on our star- two canvas bags made of a triangular shape, board bow, breaking the angle-iron inside short the pointed ends of which were punctnred with off. Heavy seas were constantly breaking over small holes, a quart of common lamp oil put in us, and the decks were flooded constantly. each bag, the mouths of which were then, After thirty-six hours of a very hard blow, the tightly tied up to prevent the oil escaping. wind eased, and we kept away on our course The bags were then hung one over each bow, again for twelve hours. As we •were evidently with sufficient line to let them tow without overtaking the storm again, I was obliged to jumping, and after the oil commenced to flow heave-to again, the wind and sea being too AUGTOOT 1,1883.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 175 heavy for us to run with safety. . This time I " I intend putting a can of oil in eneli of my hove-to on the port tack, under lower main, Life-boats as soon as we get to sea, with bag topsi.il, and reefed main staysail. There was a and line all ready in case of emergency." tremendous sea running, the breakers being long and very wicked. As soon as we were (3) "On the 18th December, 1882," states hove-to I saw that unless something unusual Captain TAYLOB, of the schooner Gleaner, " at were tried, we should be certain to lose our boats, j about 8.30 A.M., I ran for Montrose Harbour. I and perhaps get serious damage; so I deter- i had about half a gallon of Colza oil on board, mined to try the oil. The result was magical. ; which we poured over the stern, and which In half an hour after the oil was pnt over, tlio immediately had a most decided effect in lessen- weather side of our deck was dry, and for the j ing the power of the breaking seas, and enabled next forty-eight hours not even so much as a j us to keep our course through the heavy sea, spray broke over us. I have no doubt you have no water breaking over her. M7hen between some idea of an Atlantic breaker alter four the Leads and the Annat Buoy, our oil got days of an almost continuous gale. We stood j done, and we were struck by a Vieavy sea, which and looked at them, rolling and breaking all broke over the stern, completely filling our round us, but the moment they came to the oil I decks, and hove us northwards towards the 1hey stopped and fell dead, as if by magic. My i Annat Bank. We were able to bring her into firm opinion is that, had we not used the oil, her course again. The ebb tide and the ' fresh' my ship would have come out of it without I in the river caused it to run seven knots, and boats or anything else that the sea could have was very dangerous." washed away, if not far more serious damage; whereas, during the latter part of the gale, we (4) "On the llth December, 1882, the Edit lay like a bird, all the hurt we got being during \ Anglian, in charge of Captain BEACHEK, inaile the first part. I shall always use it under I the entrance of the Tyne when an easterly similar circumstances in the future. I tried it gale was at its worst, and when great danger once before, two years ago, while running attended any vessel passing the bar. The. heavily, but my vessel sailed too fast for it to j master reports that he resolved to try the effects act, as she ran out of the influence of the oil ! of oil upon the \vaves, aud stationed two men, too quickly. With a vessel lying-to it is quite | each witli a two-gallon bottle of oil, at the a different matter, and there is no trouble I vessel's bows, one on either side. The oil was attached to it whatever. ; gently poured upon the ' broken ' water, and "I filled my canvas bags with raw linseed the effect was that it became comparatively oil, each bag being 18 inches long by about I smooth, and the vessel passed into the harbour 6 inches in diameter, and holding about two j with little difficulty. The oil used was that gallons of oil. One bag hung over amidships, ; usually burnt in the ship's lamps, and only four and one from the cat-head. ; or five gallons were poured upon the sea." " During the whole time I never renewed the I (5.) Captain F. W. LASHBROOKE, master oil in the bags; what was put over at the begin- ing lasting the whole time, there being over a of the ketch Elizabeth, of Bude, writes:— quart of oil remaining in each bag when "On the night of the 13th December, 1882, hauled in. I was on a voyage from Portmadoc to Ply- "The bags were simply punctured with a mouth. Between Milibrd and the Land's End large sail needle, in half a dozen places. The | we encountered a severe gale from the north- bags were bent to abont 50 fathoms of small ward, with thick snow. Failing to make any line, all of which was veered out, but they ! lights, I was obliged to heave-to. The sea was never went half that distance from the ship, I terrific. One sea broke on us, smashing the and floated just like a bladder. The influence I gangway in ; also some bulwarks. I was afraid of the oil spread fully a ship's length to wind- j a few more seas like that would sweep the ward of the bags, and the heaviest breakers decks. Lashing some spars up'to make a tciu- never came far within the outside limit of I porary gangway, I hung a sail over, and threw the oil. some oil about the sail. This, I found, pre- " Such, then, is the result of using oil. I did vented any sea breaking against it. I then got it as an experiment, to a great extent, as I had a loose bag and threw some oil over it, wrapping never tried it before under similar circum- it together and making a rope fast to it. 1 stances. At the same time I was almost certain it hung it over the bows; this, I found, prevented would have the effect I •wished for, though not any sea breaking on board. I had to replace to such a great extent. I am thankful it did, for the bag, with some oil on it, every half hour. had one of the tremendous rollers broken fairly I was hove-to about six hours after using the on board of us, there is no saying what the oil, and not one sea broke on board, although nsult would have been. | the sea was fearful. Previous to using the oil, 17C THE LIFE-BOAT. [AUGUST 1, 1883.

many seas broke on board. The snow clearing, | great public benefit, at a trifling cost, if we ran the ship, and in running I found the I they were" to issue instructions to the oil invaluable, towing a bag on each side, with some oil about it. The oil I used was Colza j Commanders-in-chief of all our Fleets to oil. I tried some linseed oil: it did not answer i direct the Captains of every ship under so well. The quantity I used was trifling. I their command to carry out a series of had only two quarts of Colza on board, and ' experiments with oil when sui table oppor- that lasted me eight hours. I have every con- ' tunities should occur, the results of which, fidence in it, and should not be afraid to run in any sea (even into Bude with a north-west gale) : being then duly reported, and submitted if I had, say, a can of Colza oil and a few loose I for examination and comparison to a Board bags. My plan would be to soak those bags in of competent naval officers. the oil, then roll them up, making fast a rope to The publication of such, with the them, and hang them over the side, well for- Board's commentary on the same, could ward, to keep the sea from breaking over the waist of the ship. I hope it may be more not fail to be of universal interest, and fully known that oil, properly used, may prevent might become a text-book on the subject many serious accidents." to the seamen of every maritime country in the world. (G) "New York, 21st September, 1882.—The 2nd. The use of oil on board fishing and steamship Stanmore, from Swansea, which has arrived here, reports having experienced terrible other open boats and Life-boats. weather, and the captain ascribes her safety to But if oil can be thus effectually em- the fact of her towing a bag of oil, which ployed to protect the great ships of the slightly escaped when running before the wind." sea from the fury of a storm, it might be (7) " Steamship Goml.—On the 22ud October, presumed that it could be even more so 1881, Captain BKOWN, the master, when enter- in the case of boats overtaken by a gale, ing the harbour of Aberdeen through a heavy or having to encounter a high surf when sea, and alive to the danger of doing so, in the running for the shore, and that it might event of a sea striking the vessel's side at the even be of service to Life-boats, which critical moment of passing the harbour bar, took the precaution of throwing overboard a quantity are not unfrequently overwhelmed, and of oil, which had the immediate effect of pre- are occasionally upset, by heavy broken venting the breaking of seas near her, and she waves. passed safely through the narrow entrance." On this head we have been unable as yet to collect any sufficient series of illus- Such are a few cases, apparently well trative cases, but have ascertained that authenticated, of this peculiar and seem- numerous instances have, from time to ingly invaluable property of oil. Perhaps time, occurred of fishermen and others, its most extraordinary characteristic is who happened to have oil in their boats, that so very small a quantity should have availing themselves of the same to prevent so great an effect, the thinnest conceivable the waves from breaking, and have done so film on the -water's surface sufficing to with marked success, thereby saving their subdue the rising crest of a huge wave, boats and their own lives. Yet, strange so that even saturating a sail or an empty to say, its use has never been generally bag with oil, in the case of the Is etch and systematically adopted, and its value, Elizabeth, produced the desired effect. as a wave-smoother, has been only casually Wo have above expressed a Jiope that or incidentally known, as a matter of the masters of vessels in the Merchant hearsay or tradition. Service may be induced, in circumstances The District Inspectors of Life-boats to of danger, to more extensively test the the NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION have, value of " oiling the waves," so as to however, been instructed by its Committee establish its utility, or prove it to be but of Management to take opportunities to a " broken reed " in which to trust. test its value when exercising the crews We would further suggest that the of its Life-bocits in heavy seas. This has Lords of the Admiralty would effect a to some extent been done, but not yet in AUGUST 1, 1883.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 177 a sufficient number of instances to admit likewise to be ascertained. Those hitherto of a decisive opinion as to its practical tried have been linseed, colza, fish-oil, value for Life-boat work to justify the and paraffin, all producing the desired addition of a supply of oil to the articles effect, which in the case of the last already forming the complete equipment named, on account of its thinness or of a Life-boat when afloat on service, or greater fluidity, could hardly have been to enable any definite rules to be drawn expected. up as to the manner of its application. Another point to be determined is the Indeed, before doing so, two points amount of oil which could, with most require to be considered. advantage, be used, and the best manner 1. Anything which might divert the of distributing it. attention of the coxwain and crew of a At a future period we may hope to Life-boat from its careful and skilfu! have acquired such an amount of experi- management in a heavy broken sea would mental knowledge on the subject as may be an evil, and in so far as the manipula- be of great practical value; for the present, tion and discharge of the oil should do we will only quote from a report on it 'by so, the same would be a drawback to any Commander LAPBIMATTDATE, E.N., one of advantage derived from its use. the District Inspectors, the following 2. The space in a Life-boat being passages, which will convey some idea of very limited, every superfluous article the character and results of experiments carried in one is an inconvenience, and hitherto made. hence its utility should be well established before its adoption. " The occasions on which, experiments oE any value can be made from a Life-boat are neces- The general tenor of the reports of the sarily rare, from several causes. Unless an- Inspectors is to the effect that in a mode- chored, a Life-boat cannot be easily kept rate coast surf a small quantity of oil stationary, and soon leaves the oiled water, produces an extraordinary effect, by pre- while her incessant rolling motion in troubled water interferes with observation. Moreover, in venting the breaking of the waves, and the strong tides on the coast of England, it is causing a smoothness of surface without impossible, unless going directly with the cur- affecting their undulating motion, but rent, to see any effect of oil thrown from the that there is some uncertainty in its boat herself. action, and that a somewhat heavier wave "When pulling head to sea, no result is of course obtained by dropping oil, which is than the average ones will suddenly burst speedily washed astern; neither is any advan- through the thin film of oil, and its crest tage gained by its use when crossing the sea, break and fall over as usual. unless the tide be setting in the direction of Another element of uncertainty is the the boat's course, and then the boat's progress circumstance that in the event of a strong must be retarded to allow the oil 'smooth' to keep pace with, the boat. The oil can, however, wind, sea or tide crossing the direction of be used when at anchor, enclosed in a bag used a boat's course, it rapidly carries the oil as an anchor buoy, or when running before the with it, leaving the boat unprotected by sea, by towing similar bags astern, or hanging its influence. them on either bow or quarter. At anchor, The Inspectors all more or less agree again, the tide is frequently found running athwart the sea, when the oil will have little or that the effect of the oil is less in surf, in no beneficial effect. I found, on a recent trial, comparatively shallow water, than in the that the action of the oil, when riding at anchor open sea. None of them, however, have in water covered by it, was uncertain, and in a yet arrived at a definite opinion as to its manner capricious. The canvas bag, which probable usefulness as a portion of a held about two gallons, was attached to the anchor, and allowed the oil to exude freely, Life-boat's equipment; and undoubtedly without being pierced. The width of water many more experimental trials must take apparently affected by its action may have been place before they will be able to do so. 50 feet when taken on either side of the boat, The relative values of different oils has which was riding to 20 fathoms of cable, in 178 THE LIFE-BOAT. [AUGUST 1, 1883.

about 10 feet of water, the tide running at the suitable opportunity arose to prove the efficacy time between one and two miles an hour. The of the invention. The wind blew from the sea occasionally broke heavily, and a succession south-east, and the waves broke with s6 much of rollers passed under the boat during the force that the 'ball' was hoisted, to indicate whole period, about thirty minutes. that it was dangerous for boats to cross the bar. " The effect of the oil was visible enough in Mr. Shields, who was accompanied by Mr. disarming sea after sea of its crest, but at in- Yeaman, Dundee, was in Peterhead, and a trial tervals a wave rather larger than the rest ap- was determined to be made. In the forenoon it peared quite unaffected, and passed through was found that the first length of the piping, the usual conditions of a breaking surf. An not having been sufficiently -weighted, had risen open boat might have been swamped by any to the surface, and the tug-boat and some men one of these, had the fall coincided with the were sent out to fix additional weights to it. position of the boat. This having been done, the pipes were charged " I subsequently pulled quite slowly through with refined seal oil, about 100 gallons being the breaking water towards the shore for a mile required for the purpose. Only one or two or more, and allowed the oil to drip from the gallons are necessary, however, to 'still the bag on one bow, occasionally pouring a little troubled waters ' after the pipes arefilled ,an d overboard. Here, as before, the effect was only the remainder lies in readiness for the next partial, one sea especially breaking right over occasion. It was high water about 3 o'clock in the boat's quarter. In both cases the oil proved the afternoon, when the trial was made, and at a partial protection, but by no means an absolute that time the sea was breaking right across the shelter from the sea." whole bar. So dangerous was the sea that the tug-boat, with a vessel in tow, had to ' stand 3rd. At the entrances of harbours. off'; but the oil gradually rose to the surface, At the instigation of Mr. I. SHIELDS, a and, covering the whole surface of the sea nrillowner of Perth, and to a great extent, between the outermost rocks jutting from the we believe, at his own expense, an appa- Eoanheads and the North Head, converted what was before broken water into a glassy and un- ratus for discharging oil to seaward of dulating ocean, so that the tug-boat and ship the entrances of harbours having bars, or were able to come in with safety. Instead of otherwise exposed to heavy surfs, to the the waves cresting upwards and breaking, they endangerment of vessels entering them, rolled gently inwards; and it was surprising was laid down and tested at Peterhead in to see some of the larger ones, which had threatened to dash with violence on Ihe piers, January, 1882, the following description come in so smoothly and peacefully. One or of which, taken from the Aberdeen Journal two vessels went out while the oil was at work, of the 13th of that month, will give an and the duties of the pilots were rendered less idea of the character of the apparatus. onerous. Mr. Shield's invention is one which should be carefully taken into consideration by " Some time ago it will be remembered that ail those connected with harbours, as there is Mr. Shields, of Perth, experimented with, oil at not the slightest doubt that at Peterhead (where the bar of the north harbour of Peterhead, in the whole apparatus has been laid down at the order to attempt to prevent the waves, as they inventor's own expense) it has been a wonderful rolled inwards, from breaking, and reduce them success. Mr. Shields and Mr. Yeaman will to long undulating rollers which a small boat remain a few days, to see if an opportunity can could puss over with perfect safety. The ex- be obtained of testing the apparatus when the periment was so successful that Mr. Shields wind is from the north or north-east." determined to lay the apparatus which he had invented at the bottom of the bar of the north A similar apparatus was tested at Aber- harbour at his own expense, in order to demon- deen in October last in a heavy S.E. galo, strate how useful and advantageous it would be with, it is stated, favourable results. for vessels crossing a bar when the sea was It may be remembered that in July rough and dangerous. The apparatus consists of a pipe, 1,200 feet in length, with three conical last the EABL OF CAENABVON brought the valves, 75 feet apart from each other, which subject before the House of Lords with a prevent the oil from escaping, except when the view to ascertaining if the Government foice-pump, in a small house erected for the would be prepared to assist, by a vote of purpose at the Eoanheads, is set at work. This public money or otherwise, to carry out a winter there have been very few gales of wind from the direction which renders the north bar series of careful experiments, in order to rough, and it was not till yesterday that a ascertain if the entrances to the more AUGUST 1, 1883.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 179 dangerous harbours of the United King- danger that the various currents and tides dom might be thus protected during the might often carry away the oil-film spread stormy months of the year. upon the waters before it could be of any In the course of a reply LORD SUDELEY, service." In which opinion we entirely on the part of the Board of Trade, ob- concur. Nevertheless, it is to be hoped served—"Of one thing there could be no that, as in the case of ships, open boats doubt, that a great quantity of oil would and Life-boats, experiments of a suffi- have to be used; a considerable expense ciently extended nature will now be carried incurred in laying pipes outside the har- out to settle the question one way or the bours, and keeping them in good •working other. order; and that there would be great

THE LIFE-BOATS OP THE UNITED KINGDOM. young, he certainly landed here, and was LII. PLYMOUTH.—The Clemency, 34 feet conveyed in a litter to London. by 7 feet 9 inches, 10 oars. From this time Plymouth appears to ALTHOUGH the history of Plymouth is have risen, in importance and in Eoyal intimately connected with the exploits of estimation, for more than one attempt the renowned and adventurous sailors of appears to have been made to fortify it the Elizabethan era, it does not seem to under Koyal orders, but this was not done have held that prominent place in the until after 1400, when the French fleet, earlier maritime history of the country on its way to Wales under James of that might have been expected from the Bourbon, put in here, destroyed a large important position it has long attained, part- of the town, and plundered the both as a naval arsenal and a port of neighbourhood, to be shortly followed by commerce. Celtic and Eoman remains Da Chastet, Lord of Brittany, with a have been found which prove its claim to larger force, who burnt six hundred antiquity, and before the Norman Con- houses and carried qff many prisoners. quest it was known by the name of The part of the town then destroyed was Tamarwearth, afterwards changed to Snt- long known by the name of Breton, or ton or Southport, before it received its Briton Side, a distinction it has only lost present name. However, in the time of in recent years. The town was then for- Henry II. it is described as being " a tified under a patent from Henry IV. In mene thing as an inhabitation for fischers." 1470 the Dnke of Clarence and his con- la the fourteenth century it appears to federates landed here, to raise the revolt have been of sufficient importance to bring that ended in the temporary restoration down upon it the fury of the French, who of Henry VI. attacked the place in 1339, and although In the time of Henry VIII. Leland ultimately repulsed with great loss, it was visited it, and has left us the following not until after they had landed and de- description of the harbour then in use, stroyed a great part of the town. In and which was the chief, if not the only 1350 these unwelcome visitors again made mercantile port used, until the recent their appearance, but were driven off construction of the Millbay Docks by the without being able to do much mischief. Great Western Railway Company:—" The These visits were shortly to be repaid, for mouth of the gulf (Sutton Pool), where in 1355 Edward the Black Prince sailed the ships of Plymouthe lyith, is waullid on from here with a large force, on the ex- eche side and chained over in time of neces- pedition which ended with the victory of sitie; on the south west side of the mouth Poictiers. Some authorities assert that is a block-house, and on a rocky hill hard this Prince landed here with his prisoner, by it is a strong castle quadrate, having the King of France, and not at Sandwich on eche corner a great round tower. It as generally believed. The last time he seemeth to be no very old peace of work." returned to this country, only to die In the reign of Elizabeth those renowned 180 THE LIFE-BOAT. [AUGUST 1, 1883. sons of Devonshire—Drake, Raleigh, and and all the other prominent sailors of that Hawkins, with their companions, con- time, made Plymouth their headquarters. tributed largely towards the fame of the During the Civil War of the seventeenth port and to raise its importance. Of century, Plymouth remained staunchly course the great feat of that day was the faithful to the Parliamentary side; several destruction of the Spanish "Invincible attempts to take it by siege and assault Armada " by the English fleet, under Lord having failed, with great loss to the Howard, of Efflngham, the former con- Royalist forces, a strict blockade was taining the flower of Spanish chivalry, resorted to, which led to great privations coming, as they believed, to make a com- and suffering on the part of the towns- plete conquest of these islands, and to add people. At one time, " when no fresh them to the Spanish dominions. Whether victuals of either flesh or fish could be true or not, the well-known anecdote of had," immense shoals of pilchards came Sir Francis Drake not allowing a game of into the harbour in such quantities as bowls he was playing with Hawkins and not only to relieve the sufferers' present others, to be interrupted by the news that wants, but to enable them to increase the Armada was in sight, until it was their store of provisions by salting large finished, saying there was quite -time to quantities. finish the game and thrash the Spaniards Daring the persecution of the Protest- also, was characteristic of the man and of ants on the Continent, many Huguenots the indomitable spirit that distinguished who escaped, settled in this neighbourhood, him and his fellows. Drake appears to and many well-known local names indicate have been a benefactor to Plymouth in Flemish and French origins. Huguenot more ways than one, for besides making churches were established'in Plymouth in it his rendezvous in going and returning 1690, and the last existed until 1810. from his adventurous voyages, when he The great work here, and which must generally returned with "great store in have immensely contributed to its import- silver and gold in blocks/' he represented ance as a port, is the breakwater. When it in Parliament, and was at one time it was undertaken, in the year 1811, it Mayor. The town is indebted to him for must have severely taxed the resources its supply of water, the long " leat," or and ingenuity of the originators, Messrs. canal that brings it from Dartmoor having Eennie and Whidby, to construct it, with been constructed by tim. At the annual the mechanical appliances and experience "Fysching Feaste" of the Corporation, of those times, so different and inferior to when the leat is inspected, a goblet of those of the present day. It forms a water is drunk at the weir head, " to the perfectly safe anchorage for men-of-war ; pious memory of Sir Francis Drake, with but even its protection is not found suffi- the hope that " the descendants of him cient to prevent casualties from time to who brought us water may never want time amongst merchant ships. These wine," of which, as he died childless, we mostly anchor in the N.E. corner of the cannot quite see the force. Sound, where a heavy sea sets in during Tradition gives him the reputation of S.W. gales, that sometimes proves too having been a magician, who exerted his much for their anchors and cables, causing power in this matter of the water supply, wrecks from time to time, that call for the by riding on to Dartmoor, and having services of the ROYAL NATIONAL LIFE- found a suitable stream, uttering some BOAT INSTITUTION'S boat to save life, and magical words over it, and turning his sometimes property. The first Life-boat horse's head, galloped straight into Ply- was stationed here by the Institution in mouth, the charmed water following close 1862, having been presented by Miss at his horse's heels all the way. He is ! BURDETT COUTTS, and had saved sixty also supposed, when in chase of the I lives when it was superseded, in 1873, by Spanish Armada, to have called for a the present ten-oared boat, presented by block of wood and an axe, and having the Hon. Mrs. HUBBAED, which is now cut the wood in pieces, to have thrown the kept in a very convenient and well-built chips overboard. These turned into fire- boathouse on the western side of the ships and burnt the enemy's vessels. entrance to Millbay. She has saved four- In addition to Drake and Ealeigh, teen lives, and in 1880 performed a very Grenville, Gilbert, Frobisher, Cavendish, arduous and important service, by rescu- AUGUST 1, 1883.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 181

ing, in conjunction with the Government The branch is under the management of tug, the disabled steamer Hankow with a a thoroughly representative committee, of very valuable cargo on board, from a most which Admiral D. H. HICKLEY is the dangerous position at the back of the chairman, and J. KOONEY, Esq., the breakwater, during a heavy S.W. gale. honorary secretary.

ADDITIONAL STATIONS AND NEW LIFE-BOATS.

POBTHLEVEN, CoBNWALL.—The 30-feet been instrumental, in the hands of its gal- Life-boat on this station has been re- lant crew, in saving no less than seventy-six placed by a new and larger boat, 34 feet lives from different shipwrecks, besides long, 8 feet wide, and rowing 10 oars, rendering assistance to several distressed double banked. The cost of the new boat, vessels. We trust there is a prosperous with its transporting carriage, has been future in store for. the new Boat, which defrayed by the legacy of the late Mrs. is also named the Wolverhampton. ELIZA WEIGHT, of Southport, in memory of her late son, after whom the Life-boat LLANAELHAIABN, CABNABVONSHIBE. — is named the Charles Henry Wright. Since The NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION it has been placed on its station it has has formed a Life-boat establishment at been tried by its crew, and has given Llanaelhaiarn, which is considered a very every satisfaction. favourable position for such a station, inasmuch as it commands the entrance to SWANSEA.—It will be remembered by the Menai Straits, Carnarvon bar, and the our readers that a sad accident happened south shore of the bay, where vessels are to the Life-boat at the Mumbles, near often in danger. A suitable site for the Swansea, on the 27th of January last, Boat-house was found on the neck of the while she was endeavouring to rescue the pier, under the lee of which the Life-boat crew of the German barque Admiral Prinz will be launched, when required, in com- Adalbert. On this occasion the Life-boat paratively smooth water. The boat sent received such serious injury by being is one of the 37 feet class, rowing 12 oars dashed with great violence over succes- double-banked, and is furnished with a sive ridges of rocks, that she was unfitted transporting-carriage. The gift of 800Z., for further service, and has therefore been received by the Institution from Mrs. replaced by a new Boat 34 feet long, 8i NOBLE, of Henley-on-Thames, through the feet wide, and rowing 10 oars double- Deputy-Chairman, Colonel FuzRoY CLAY- banked. The Boat, the career of which was TON, was appropriated to this station, brought to so sad a termination, was pre- the same being specially contributed to sented to the Institution in the year 1866 provide a Life-boat for the Carnarvon- by the town of •Wolverhampton, and had shire coast, in memory-of the late Captain 182 THE LIFE-BOAT. [AUGUST 1,1883.

J. A. STBACHAN, who, on the occasion of drawn by twelve horses. The launchers the wreck of the s.s. Cyprian in Carnarvon were stationed in equal numbers on each Bay on the 14th of October, 1881, nobly side of the carriage and horses, to keep gave up his own lifebelt to a poor stow- the crowd clear of the wheels, while the away boy, and was consequently drowned. boat's crew followed the Life-boat, two The boat, which is named the Gyprian, and two, in their lifebelts and red caps, arrived at Carnarvon on the 18th of April while the school children, numbering last, and on the following day the crew about one hundred, carrying banners and proceeded there and sailed the boat across flags, brought up the rear. On arriving the bay to its station, the transporting- at the boat-house the ceremony began carriage being in the meantime sent on with an opening speech, and the presenta- by road. tion of the Life-boat by Commander St. VINCENT NEPEAN, R.N., District Inspector MABLETHORPE, LINCOLNSHIBE.—It hav- of Life-boats, as the representative of the ing been thought desirable to shift the donor and of the EOYAL NATIONAL LIFE- Theddlethorpe Life-boat station to this BOAT INSTITUTION. The gift was acknow- place, where the boat is likely to be more ledged by the Eev. E. W. CBACEOFT, serviceable, the NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT IN- Honorary Secretary of the Lincolnshire STITUTION has recently effected the trans- Coast Shipwreck Association Branch, on fer, and the opportunity has been taken behalf of the locality and of the Asso- to furnish the station with a new Life- ciation. The religious service then took boat, carriage; and equipment, the place, beginning with the "Hymn for entire cost, and that of the boathouse, those at Sea," and finally the ceremony of having been defrayed by A. HETWOOD naming the boat the Heywood was per- LONSDALE, Esq., a member of the Com- formed by Miss LOFT, of Trusthorpe Hall, mittee of Management of the Institution. amidst vociferous cheering from the as- The inauguration of this Life-boat station sembled crowd. Afterwards the boat, took place on the 4th of June last, in the with the crew on board, was launched presence of about ten thousand people, from its carriage. A strong wind was special excursion trains having been run blowing from the E.N.E., and a rough for the occasion from all the neighbouring sea running, and the spectators had a counties. A procession was formed in good opportunity of admiring the be- line, on the road by the railway station, haviour of the Life-boat and its crew, at 1.30 P.M., and was constituted as fol- which was all that could be desired. lows :—Four policemen in line to clear Altogether the day's proceedings proved the way, Louth Artillery Band, Life-boat a great success. with masts up, decorated with flags, and

THE GEEAT INTEENATIONAL FISHEEIES EXHIBITION. ALTHOUGH it is not in our power, from coast boatmen occupy, to say the least, as want of space, in the present Number of warm a corner in the national heart as does the Life-boat Journal, or, indeed, in any any other section of the community, yet, by one Number, to notice adequately this the nation at large, how little is known truly great "International Exhibition," of that portion of itself which is employed the intimate connection of the fishermen in culling from the sea the apparently of the country with the Life-boat service, inexhaustible treasures of fish for our is alone sufficient to call for a short pre- convenience and comfort; or of the hard- fatory notice of it. This duty is rendered ships, dangers, and temptations of the the more agreeable from a firm conviction fisherman's calling, all of which tend to that we can with perfect truthfulness form that character for hardihood and speak in high terms, both of the objects bravery for which, as a class, they are for which it has been organized, and renowned. the way in which they have been carried If the great and much-lamented founder out. of International Exhibitions, H.E.H. the It is almost a truism to say that our late PKINOE CONSORT, were still alive, with AUGUST 1, 1883.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 183 what proud gratification would he have fishes' point of view, by purifying streams cause to look upon the numerous offspring from chemical or other matters injurious of his noble and far-sighted proposition to to fish life, and " acclimatisation of fish." hold the first " Great World's Fair " in Class 5 comprises the natural history 1851. of all water life (if we may coin the word) Although that parent exhibition was of both river and sea. general, and not confined to any special Class 6 comprises the history and industry, and there have since been many literature of fishing, fishery laws, and fish others of a similar kind, there have also commerce. sprung from it special ones, confined to Class 7 consists of collections within particular industries. Fishing and fish- the scope of any of the foregoing classes. eries were but sparingly represented until As a supplement to this very compre- the year 1865, when Boulogne opened hensive list, comes the " List of Subjects the series, to be soon followed by their for Prize Essays," which includes six countrymen at Arcachon and Havre. We prizes of 100?. each, one of 501., and six- next find one being held at the Hague, teen of 25?., for different essays on almost and soon afterwards another at Naples; every branch of this most interesting and then there seems to have been a lull until important subject. 1880, when the " International Fisheries How well the invitation to take part in Exhibition" was held at Berlin. This the Exhibition has been responded to, is eclipsed all previous ones, but has in its shown by the fact of special Commis- turn been put in the shade by its descend- sioners having been appointed for twenty- ant which we are considering. eight different foreign countries, besides With a better example of-" the fitness twelve for our colonies and dependencies. of things " than is common, it fell to the In addition to the vast fund of infor- lot of Norfolk, with its many important mation, and knowledge of how others fisheries, to take the first step in-awaken- work, and what they work with, brought ing the public interest of this country within our reach by a careful and intelli- on this matter, by hojding its first Fishery gent study of the thousands of exhibits Exhibition. displayed throughout the building, the The example thus set was soon followed Committee have taken most important by Scotland, where the " Highland and and material securities for success, in Agricultural Society," true to its prin- establishing conferences on various cognate ciples of doing all it could to promote the subjects, and publishing a series of shilling industries of the country, having seen the hand-books by some of the most eminent benefits to be derived from the Norfolk authorities of the day. We can only Exhibition, promoted and organized one express a hope that efforts will be made in Edinburgh the succeeding year. As to obtain and publish the views and was naturally to be expected, these two opinions of some of the leading men have been entirely eclipsed by the Inter- amongst the practical fishermen them- national Fisheries Exhibition at South . selves, the subject in question being one Kensington. in many parts of which the result of prac- The classification of the exhibits and tical experience, intelligently expressed, the general and special prizes offered by will be of far greater value, and lead to the " Committee of the Exhibition," and sounder conclusions, than any amount of private benefactors, is most comprehen- theoretical but higher cultivated opinion. sive. It includes every engine necessary The effect of such an Exhibition will or useful to the fisherman in the pursuit probably not be immediately perceived, of his calling, as well as his clothes, food, but we may certainly look forward with medicine chest, houses to live in, con- confidence to its being of very material tracts of partnership, insurance of lives, benefit to our fishermen, fishing interests, boats, gear, &c., and benefit societies. and even the fish themselves; for if it We next come to the disposal of the teaches us how to catch, them better, it fish when caught—"preparation, preser- will also teach us how to protect their vation, and utilization offish, and all forms infancy, and prevent wanton and useless of fish life," included in class 5. Class 4 destruction. includes fish culture in all its branches, including " diseases," " sewerage," from the THE LiFE-BoAT.

Words by Vice-Admiral J. E. WARD. Last Verse and Music composed by ~ 'i mf C. H. PURDAT. VOICE. . Fine ships and boats of ma- ny kinds There are up-on the sea ;

PIANO. mf i^tt » • » W^f- ^S^

Some work'd by sail, and some by steam, And o - ther sorts there be. ] •I «l ±^ -*••-*•-*• sfe

Repeat in Chorus after each verse.

But of all the brav-est ships and boats That stem the brin - y wave,

fe =P --

\ ^=^^r^^^^ AUGUST 1, 1883.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 185

rit. BJ^-^^sgSgg The life - boat is the boat of boats, Built hu- man lives to save! ^ /TV ^£ p3^ nr^=St4W- S n't I £ i

Some ships and boats are built for speed, Whilst some are dull and slow, Being made to carry heavy loads; And some are built for show. Chorus.—But of all the bravest ships and boats, &c.

Some ships they carry passengers Across the ocean wild; Troops, travellers, and emigrants, From their own land exiled. CJiarus.—But of all the bravest ships and boats, &c.

Brave boats, too, are those fishing craft, With hardy crews, and stout; And scarce is there a thing that floats We less could do without. Chorus.—But of all the bravest ships and boats, &c.

'Twas in a fisher's boat our Lord Did work-a miracle, When He the winds and waves rebuked, And bade them " Peace, be still." He, by His power, still guards and guides Upon the stormy wave, Our life-boats and their noble crews, His children's lives to save! 186 THE LIFE-BOAT. [AUGUST 1,1883.

SEEVICES OF THE LIFE-BOATS OF THE NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION—(continued.)

BALLYCOTTON,CO. COEK.—At about 4.30 Meynell Life-boat at once assembled, and P.M. on the 28th January, 1883, the barque crowds of the villagers dragged the boat Argo, of Sunderland, was sighted off Bally- by road to the scene of the wreck, much cotton, making for Cork harbour, close- difficulty being experienced in getting her hauled, the wind then blowing very hard to the shore, on account of there being from the S.S.W., with heavy rain. On two ditches on the way. The boat was the wind changing to W.S.W., she had to at last launched, but notwithstanding the run for Ballycotton, and anchored in six noble exertions of her crew to battle with fathoms. While paying out, the cable the fierce gale blowing from the E.S.E., snapped at 35 fathoms before the ship she was driven ashore with great violence, came head to wind, and she was driven three of her oars being broken. Owing to ashore. The Life-boat Oliver Goldsmith the strength of the gale and the violence was launched at 8 P.M., in answer to of the surf great difficulty was expe- signals of distress; but could not ap- rienced in saving the boat. After renewed proach the ship nearer than a cable's exertions, however, she was again launched length, on account of the heavy sea then at 3 A.M., and succeeded in rescuing the running, she therefore stood by all night, crew of the vessel, consisting of six men, to render assistance when possible. At who had been all night in the rigging. 4.30 on the following morning the boat The vessel was the brig Euphemia Ful- returned to her station, communication lerton, of Londonderry, bound to that having been established with the ship by port from Maryport with a cargo of coal. means of a rocket. The crew however She became a total wreck. did not avail themselves of this, and the The Kev. J. O'KEILLT BLACKWOOD, the Life-boat therefore again proceeded to Honorary Secretary of the Ballywalter the vessel, the weather having moderated, Branch of the Institution, went out as put a pilot on board, and brought ashore usual in the Life-boat, taking charge of the master's orders for tugs, &c. All her, and rendering valuable assistance. efforts to get the barque afloat were un- Mr. GEOBGE PEIOE, chief officer of H.M. successful, and she ultimately became a Coastguard at Ballywalter, rendered noble total wreck on the beach. service in wading into the surf and assist- ing to get the boat launched, and Mr. J. BALLYWALTEB, Co. DOWN. — A mes- B. GLOVEB also rendered valuable aid on senger having brought information at 1.30 the occasion. P.M. on the 6th February that a vessel was The Second Service Clasp of the Insti- ashore on the north end of the Long tution was awarded to the Eev. J. O'E. Kock, the crew of the Admiral Henry BLAOKWOOD. The Silver Medal to Mr. AUGUST 1,1883J THE LIFE-BOAT. 187

PRIOR, and the thanks of the Institution, the south end of the Sand. It -was then inscribed on vellum to Mr. GLOVER, in agreed to launch the No. 2 Life-boat God- acknowledgment of their co-operation. send also, the No. 1 to go to the steamer, Extra rewards were also granted to the and the No. 2 boat to the brigantine. The crew and launchers of the Life-boat. No. 1 boat, however, was compelled by the shallowness of the water to pass close BRANOASTER, NORFOLK.—At 3 P.M. on to the brigantine, and finding that the sea the 8th March, a vessel was seen striking was breaking clean over her, the Life- on the Flats, and showing signals of dis- boatmen fearing she would break up, tress. The crew of the Lily Bird Life- could not risk passing her, so letting go boat mustered, launched their boat as their anchor, veered down, and -witia gtesvt soon as possible, and proceeded to the difficulty took off the crew consisting of vessel, by that time aground on the six men. This vessel was the Dare, of beach at Titchwell. The breakers being Sunderland, bound from that port to very heavy, and the mainmast going over Caen, with a cargo of coal. The Life-boat the side to leeward, the Life-boat's anchor then proceeded to the steamer; Tout as was let go to windward, and the boat she was not in the break of the sea, she veered down towards the -wreck; but declined assistance. The boat then, set from the nature of the ground, the anchor sail, beat back to the brigantine, and could not hold. The crew, therefore, found the No. 2 Life-boat riding by her. weighed the anchor, and tried again with At flood tide, the vessel knocked off the a similar result. As it was impossible to Sand; some of the Life-boatmen and her go alongside without great risk of staving own crew then, boarded her, and a steam- the boat, they remained as near the vessel tug coming up, the vessel and Life-boat as was prudent, until the tide fell and all were towed into harbour. The men when danger ws over. They then landed at taken out of the vessel were in a most Titchwell, afterwards assisting the crew of exhausted condition, and had not some the barque to da the same about 9 P.M. rum -which was in the Life-boat been She proved to be the Margaret, of Ohris- given to them, IB all probability some of tiania, bound from Grimstad to Dover them would have died in the boat. with ice. . At 5.30 A.M., OB the 14th February, the schooner Don, of Aberdeen, bound to CAHOKE, Co. WBXFOBD.—At about 11 Sunderland with chalk, stranded on the o'clock on the morning of the 5th February, South Barber Sand during a strong S. during a strong gale of wind from the S., wind and a heavy sea. The No. 2 Life- 'and a heavy sea, signals of distress were boat promptly went to her assistance, and shown by the Blackwater Lightship. The with the help of a steam-tug, eventually John Brooke Life^boat was launched, pro- succeeded in getting her afloat. She had ceeded to her, and found that she had on a crew of five men. board the crew, consisting of six men, of The s.s. Barnsley, of Grimsby, stranded the brigantine Zephyr, of Bye. Their on the Scroby Sand at 7.30 A.M., on the vessel had struck on the Blackwater Bank 1st March, during a N.N.E. wind. A yawl at about 8.30 the previous night, and went to her assistance; but during the immediately appeared to be breaking-up; time she was lying by the vessel, the the crew therefore launched their boat, Life-boatmen, fearing the sea might in- and with much difficulty succeeded in crease with the flood-tide, launched the getting on board the Lightship. They No. 2 Life-boat, proceeded to the vessel, were taken into the Life-boat and brought and remained by her until she came off. safely to shore. The steamer was bound from Antwerp to Grrimsby with a general cargo, and had a GAISTEB, NORFOLK.-—At 2.30 A.M. on crew of twenty-one persons, and ten pas- the 26th January, during a heavy gale sengers on board. from the .8. to S.W., a steam vessel was Flares were seen from the Barber Sand seen to get on the North Barber Sand. at about 1 A.M. on the 5th April, during The crew of the Life-boat were called to- a N.N.E. wind and a very heavy sea. The gether, and the No. 1 Life-boat, the No. 2 Life-boat was launched, proceeded Covent Garden, was about to be launched, in the direction, and found a fishing-vessel when & brigantine was observed to go on on the sand. About this time a flare was 188 THE LIFE-BOAT, 1,1883. seen from the Cross Sand, and as the stranded vessel, and at the request of the Seratby Life-boat was seen approaching master, remained alongside in ease her the fishing-boat, the Life-boat tacked, and services might be required. Ultimately, at once sailed to the Cross Sand, and fell with the assistance of the Life-boat's in with the brig Spring, of Guernsey, crew, the vessel was got afloat: she stranded there. She was bound from proved to be the Congo, of Cardiff, bound Shields for St. Male, with a cargo of coal, from Calcutta to Dundee, with a cargo and had nine men on board, who were of jute, tea, &e. taken into the Life-boat, and safely landed at Great Yarmouth. The Teasel became CTOMBCOATS, NOETHIFMBBBI.AHB.—The a total wreck. coxswain of the Palmerston Life-boat was called at 1 o'clock on the morning of CEMAES, ANGLESEA. — The the 12th January, and informed that a Life-boat was launched at 11.15 A.M., on vessel was ashore on the north side of the 13th Maroh,a steamer having been seen Tynemouth Sands. The Lifeboat was to run on the Platters Books in Skerries manned and launched as quickly as pos- Sound. She ultimately foundered near sible, and "on approaching the vessel— the Victoria buoy, and her crew of six the s.s. LiMle, of Hamburg, bound from men haying taken to their boat, were Bergen, Norway, to North Shields, in bal- picked up by the Life-boat and brought last, with a crew of twenty-one persons, to Oemaes. The vessel proved to be the and eight passengers—it was found that Annie Hope, of Leith, bound from Bide- two of her boats had been lowered and tord to Northwich with pipe-clay. swamped immediately. The crews were rescued, by the Life-boat and landed on EA, ESSEX. — A barque the beach. She then returned to the was observed ashore on the west part of steamer, took off fourteen men, and having the Cfunfleet; Sand, at about 2 P.M. on the brought them to land, went back once 30th March, during a fresh S.W. wind, and more and returned with the remainder with the aid of a telescope it was seen of those on board. The wind was blow- that she was flying signals of distress. ing a strong breeze from the 8.E., ac- The crew of the Albert Edward Life-boat companied by a very high sea, which at once mustered, and the boat was filled the Life-boat twice and broke or promptly launched and proceeded to the damaged several of her oars. sands. After a hard pull against wind and tide, the Life-boat reached the vessel FILET, TOBESHIKB.—On the 6th March at about 5.30, and found her to be the a fearful gale from the H.E. was ex- Epsilon, of Swansea, bound for that port perienced. At 2 P.M. signals of distress from Eotterdam, in ballast. Part of the were shown by the fishing-yawl William Life-boat's crew went on board to assist Clowes, of Mley, which was at anchor in to throw overboard some of the ballast, the bay. As the tide was then close and the Life-boat went back to Clacton up to the cliffs it was impossible to to telegraph for a tag and to the owners launch the Life-boat until 8.30, when of the Teasel, after which she returned to she was got off, but grounded. A wave the barque, arriving by her at about 11 P.M. then sent her broadside on, very nearly About eighty tons of ballast were thrown dashing her against the cliff, which would out, and at about 2.30 A.M., on the follow- have soon knocked her to pieces, had ing day the vessel was towed off and taken not a large number of men rushed into to Harwich, reaching there at about 7 A.M. the water, got the boat stem on, and after half an hour's hard work, succeeded CBBSSWEELjNOBIHBMBBKLASD. — On the in floating her. She then safely reached 1st January, at aboitt 6 P.M., during a S. the vessel and brought the crew of six wind and misty weather, the Cresswell men ashore. Several of the men who ex- fishermen observed signal rockets being tricated the Life-boat from her perilous sent up. Two of the men ran along the position incurred the greatest risk, and beach and found a steamer on the strand being at times quite immersed, it was firing rockets and signal guns. The wonderfal that none of them were Life-boat, Old Potter, was launched as drowned, and that the boat was not soon as possible and proceeded to the ! destroyed. AUGUST 1, 1883.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 189

Three gentlemen, Mr. ALFRED THOBNEY, during an E.N.E. wind and a very strong Mr. GEOBGE MABB, and Mr. JOHN CAM- sea. She exhibited flares, and signals were BRIDGE, rendered valuable assistance on shown by the St. Nicholas lightship. The the occasion. Leicester Life-boat went to the smack's assistance, and after four attempts suc- FISHGUARD, PEMBROKESHIRE. — About ceeded, with great difficulty, in reaching 2 P.M., on the 23rd January, a smack was her and bringing ashore her crew, consist- observed far out in the bay evidently ing of seven men. The Life-boat subse- endeavouring to make for the roadstead. quently returned to her, laid out an anchor The wind at the time was blowing a fresh with 80 fathoms of cable, put nine men gale from the S.S.E., with heavy squalls, on board, got her off, and brought her in one of which the smack lost her bow- into harbour. sprit, jib and foresail, and was otherwise considerably damaged. She was then about GRIMSBS-.—On the 6th March, at 2.30 three miles S.S.E. of Dinas Head, and being P.M., the schooner Mary Goad, of Port entirely disabled and drifting out, she let Isaac, Cornwall, bound from Antwerp to go two anchors and hoisted signals of dis- Middlesbrough, was observed flying a tress. The No. 2 Life-boat, Helen of Fox- signal of distress in the main rigging. She ley, immediately went to her assistance, was riding in the Humber about half-a- and on reaching her the master requested mile N.N.W. of the Bull Buoy. The Life- the coxwain to take entire charge of her, boat Manchester Unity was launched and as he and his crew were completely ex- proceeded to her assistance. With some hausted. Some of the Life-boatmen difficulty, three of the crew of the Life- boarded the smack, cleared away the boat boarded the vessel and found the wreckage and having bent a spare jib as captain and crew 'of four men in an ex- a foresail and close reefed the mainsail, hausted condition. A steam-tug at this took her safely into the harbour. She juncture endeavoured to tow the schooner was the Ina Lass, of Newquay, bound up the river but failed to do so in conse- from Swansea to Newquay with a cargo quence of the tow-rope parting. Three of small coal. more of the Life-boatmen then boarded the vessel, got two tow-ropes out to the FLEETWOOD.—It was reported that a tug, and set the reefed stay and boom fore steamer was ashore on Sunderland Bank, sails, these being the only two available at 6.30 P.M., on the 27th January, during sails. The schooner was thus got under a gale of wind from the N.W. and a heavy weigh and taken to Grimsby Docks. sea. The Life-boat, Child of Hale, proceeded as soon as possible to the vessel in tow of HABWICH.—-At noon on the 7th Feb., the tug Fylde and found the sea making a in answer to a telegram, the Springwtll clean breach over her. The boat stood by Life-boat was manned and put off to the her, and at the request of the master, one rescue of the crew of a vessel ashore on of the Life-boatmen was put on board the the Shipwash Sand. A strong S.S.E. wind vessel to take her to some port. After was blowing at the time, and the sea was coming off the bank she, being light, would heavy on the Sands. The tug Harwich not steam against the wind, so she went picked the boat up outside the harbour before it to Glasson Dock, where she and towed her to the Sands, where the arrived safely. On the 29th the weather coxwain first spoke a large screw steamer, moderated, and the Life-boatman, who the Sea, of Aberdeen, and found that she was siill on board, brought the vessel back had been lying by the wreck^and that the to Fleetwood. She was the s.s. Eden, 933 master had made several unsuccessful tons register, bound from Fleetwood to attempts to rescue the crew who were Cardiff in ballast, and had a crew of 21 still on the wreck. The tug then towed men, the captain, his wife and child, and the Life-boat to windward so that she one passenger on board. could set her sails and reach the wreck. On arriving alongside the vessel, which GOBLESTON, SUFFOLK.—On the 5th May, was found to be the barque Loreley, of at 11 P.M., the fishing smack Falcon, of Memel, bound from Memel to London, Great Yarmouth, grounded on the North with a cargo of timber, the Life-boat Sand close fo the entrance of the harbour, anchored, threw her grappling-rope to her, 190 THE LIFE BOAT. [AUGUST 1, 1883.

and, with much difficulty and danger having to be kept going all the time and all owing to floating wreckage, rescued her hands being nearly exhausted. The vessel crew, consisting of eleven men, by means was on a voyage from Liverpool to Port of the rope. The tug then la-ought the Natal with a cargo of coal, and carried Life-boat back to the harbour, arriving a crew of eight men, two of whom were there at about 6 P.M. The vessel was a and unable to leave their berths, total wreck, her foremast and mainmast the morning of the 30th March having been carried away, she had lostj was reported that a barque was ashore her boats, and her crew were in an €& on Cymeran Beach, with all hands in hausted condition having been in the rig- the fore rigging, the vessel having ging some hours. sunk, and her mainmast having been carried away during a heavy S.S.W. HOLYHEAD.—Signals of distress were gale. The Ehosneigir Life-boat went to seen in the bay during a whole gale of her assistance, but being disabled by the wind from the 8.S.W., at 9.30 P.M. on the breaking of several rowing crutches, was 23rd January. The Thomas Fielden Life- compelled to return to the shore, one boat proceeded out, and found that the of the boat's crew being also washed brig Lewis, of Carnarvon, had dragged her overboard by a heavy sea, and rescued anchor and had come into collision with with some difficulty. The Holyhead Life- the three-masted schooner Nellie, of Bridg- boat was then launched, and at about water, which was lying at anchor. The 11 o'clock was taken in .tow by the s.s. Life-boat remained by the vessels until George Elliot to the N.W. of the South a steamer arrived and got them clear. Stack. Her© the Life-boat was cast off, The barque Brothers, of Yarmouth, N.S., and proceeded under canvas until about anchored in shallow water off Penrhyn 12.30, when she fell in with the steam- Point during a whole gale from the N.W. tug Challenger, by which she was towed and a very heavy sea, on the 26th January. in the direction of the stranded vessel. As she had parted one anchor and was Owing, however, to the heavy sea, the dragging the other the Life-boat went to tug could not go within a mile of the her assistance. The Life-boat rinding two wreck, and the Life-boat, being obliged steam-tugs near the vessel made their to continue her course under oars, made hawsers fast to the barque, and she was three fruitless attempts to reach the taken safely into the old harbour. She vessel, owing to the broken water and had a crew of twelve men. the heavy surf. As the wind was rising, Signals of distress were reported to and there was no place to beach the boat, have been seen in Church Bay, at about she was obliged to return' to Holyhead. 11.15 P.M., on the llth February. The Other unsuccessful attempts to reach the Life-boat therefore proceeded to the spot vessel were subsequently made by the and found the brig J.B.8., of London, Khosueigir Life-boat, but they failed, and at anchor close to the rocks. After con- endeavours to rescue the shipwrecked sulting with the coxwain, the master de- men by means of the rocket apparatus cided, if possible, to bring the vessel into also proved unavailing. As the Ehos- harbour. About ten of the Life-boat's neigir men were reported to be exhausted crew accordingly went on board the brif by their exertions, it was suggested that and tried to heave up her anchors but the Holyhead crew should proceed to failing in the attempt, the starboard ' Khosneigir and try to get to the vessel in chain parting, some of them returned to that Life-boat. An application was ac- the boat leaving four of their Dumber cordingly made to the railway authorities on the vessel. Her sails were then set, for a special engine, which was at once her port anchor slipped, and she stood granted, and the Holyhead crew were out to the westward, it being hoped that thus conveyed to the spot nearest to the the tempest would moderate. The gale, wreck. It was now quite dark, and the however, increased, and about 4 A.M. the men had scarcely any knowledge of the brig shipped a heavy sea which completely position of hidden rocks on that coast, swept her decks, half filled her cabin and but they nevertheless gallantly took the strained her considerably. Ultimately she boat out, succeeded in reaching the was obliged to run for Barrow-in-3?urness wrecked vessel and in Tescrang.the twenty as she was leaking badly, the pumps men who were on board. AUGUST 1, 1883.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 191

The Silver Medal of the Institution Read letter from Colonel HILL, Chairman of was presented to Mr. THOMAS EOBEBTS, the Cardiff and Penarth Branch of the Institu- tion, of the 22nd December, stating that the coxwain of the Holy head Life-boat, and, MABQUIS OF BUTE had kindly promised to have the thanks of the Institution, inscribed erected, at his own expense, the new Life-boat on vellum, with an extra pecuniary reward House at the Bute Docks, Cardiff. to each of his crew, in consideration of Decided that the best thanks of the Com- mittee be conveyed to the MABQUIS OF BUTE for their heroic exertions.. mis liberality. The Committee expressed their deep regret at the lamented death of Admiral MeHARDY, why had for upwards of thirty years been a SUMMABY OF THE Member of the Committee of Management of the Institution, and had ever been ready to MEETINGS OP THE COMMITTEE. promote its interests. Also at the decease of Mr. W. H. WEBB, of THURSDAY, 4th January, 1883. Salcombe, Devon, who had for many years been Sir EDWABD PEBBOTT, Bart., V.P., in the Chair. the zealous Honorary Secretary of the Salcombe and Hope Coye Branch of the Institution. Bead and approved the Minutes of the pre- Voted the thanks of the Committee to J. P. vious Meeting, and those of the Finance and BAUMGARTNER, Esq., in acknowledgment of his Correspondence, and Wreck and Reward Sub- long and valuable co-operation as Honorary committees. Secretary of the Gorleston Branch of the Insti- Read letter from His Royal Highness the tution. DUKE OF EDINBURGH, K.G., addressed to His Ordered that various works be carried out at Grace the DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND, Presi- the Sunderland, Mablethorpe, and Littlehaven dent, acknowledging the vote of thanks of the Life-boat Stations at an expense of 297?. Institution, and stating that it had given him Paid 5,14AI. 17s. Wd. for sundry charges on much pleasure to render it such assistance as various Life-boat Establishments. it had been in his power to afford during his Voted 177/. 13fc. Sd. to pay the expenses of term of service as Admiral Superintendent of the Life-boats at Hauxley, Newbiggin, Tyne- Naval Keserves. mouth, Fishguard, Seatou Carew, Hartlepool,' Read and approved the Report of the Chief Hayie, Saltburn, Scarborough, Blyth, and Irvine, Inspector of Life-boats on his visits to Grimshy in rendering the following services:— und Mablethorpe. Lives Also the Reports of the five District In- saved. spectors of Life-boats on their recent visits to S.S. AmuUt, of Rotterdam 21 the following Stations :— Brig Cathmna, Begina, of Riga, ... 8 . 1. Hythe, Dover, New Romney, Lydd, Win- Fishing-cobles of Newbiggin, rendered as- chelsea, Rye, Hastings, Eastbourne, Newhaven, sistance. AVorthing, Brighton, Shoreham, Selsey, Chi- Schooner Argo, of Copenhagen, rendered chester, and Hayling. assistance. 2. Rhyl (two Boats), Llanddulas, Llanduduo, Brigantine Xanthus, of Aberystwith . . 6 Porthdiullaen, Portnmdoc, Abersoch, Barmouth, Schooner Llaethline, of Newquay ... 4 Aberdovey, Holyhead, Rhosneigir, Rhoscolyn, Schooner John Stonard. of Aberystwith . 4 Cemlyn, and Llanddwyn. Schooner JJoppet, of Helsingborg ... 7 3. Greystones, Wieklow, Carnsore, Wexford Schooner Anapira, of Kirkcaldy, assisted (two Boats), Cahore, Courtown, Arklow, Kings- to save vessel and 5 town, Poolbeg, and Howth. Brig John, of Hartlepool 7 4. Newburgh, Port Erroll, Peterhead, White- Danish schooner Edmund ..... 7 link Bay, Fraeerburgh, Banff, Buckie, Lossie- Lugger Ecureuil, of Gravelines .... 5 mouth, Nairn, Huna, and Ackergill. Schooner Star, of St. Agnes ...... 3 5. Bridlington and Hornsea. German schooner Libra 5 Reported the receipt of a contribution of Schooner Etoile du Marin, of Dunkcrquc, WOOL from " E. M. S." to defray the cost of a rendered assistance. Life-boat Station. Danish schooner Andreas 8 The Committee expressed their sincere thanks Steam-tug Irvine, of Irvine 4 to the benevolent donor for this munificent gift, The Caister, Holy Island, Grimsby, Shering- and decided that it be appropriated to a Life- ham, Ramsgate, and St. David's Life-boats had boat Station at the'earliest opportunity. also performed the following services:— [The other special contributions and legacies Schooner Brothers, of Harwich, rendered assist- received by the Institution during the month ance ; s.s. Bradley, of Liverpool, helped to save of December are given in the Annual Report, vessel and crew, 15; fishing-coble, of Holy published on the 1st May last.] Island, saved boat and crew, 4 ; schooner Laura Reported that the following legacies had been Ann, of Faversham, rendered assistance; Nor- bequeathed to the Institution:— wegian barque Carolina, rendered assistance; The late W. F. MAYOTT, Esq., of Camber- £ barque Egmont, of South Shields, saved crew, well 100 13; Norwegian barque, Storjoliann, assisted to The late Mrs. JANE WASHBOUHNE, of Tor- save vessel. quay 100 [Full particulars of these Life-boat services The late Mrs. HANNAH DUKE, of Hornsea 50 are given in the last Annual Report.] 192 THE LIFE-BOAT. [AUGUST 1, 1883.

Voted also 4:581. 18s. Gd. to pay the expenses Eeported that Commodore BRAEM, of the of the Cresswell, Harwich, Cullercoats, Fish- Danish Eoyal Navy, had recently inspected the guard No. 1, Holy Island No. 1, Tynemouth Store Yard of the Institution, and witnessed No. 2, Douglas No. 2, West Hartlepool No. 2, the harbour trial of a new Life-boat, which had Berwick-on-Tweed, Fiamborough No. 2, Donna afforded him much satisfaction. Nook, Grimsby, Saltburn, Broadstairs, Kings- Voted the thanks of the Committee to JAMES downe, Hornsea, Mundesley, Whitby, Bobin DARLING, Esq., CHARLES CLIFT, Esq., Captain Hood's Bay, Lowestoft, St. David's, Salcombe, E. M. ISACKE, and the Eev. J. DAVIES, in Carnsore, Broughty Ferry, Withernsea, Mon- acknowledgment of their past valuable co- trose No. 1, Newcastle (Dundrum), Duncannon, operation as Honorary Secretaries respectively Fraserburgh, Wiuchelsea, and Tenby Life-boats, of the Blyth, Falmouth, Kingsgate, and Llaud- in assembling their crews, or putting off in dulas branches of the Institution. reply to signals of distress shown by vessels Decided, That the present Life-boat at Margate which did not eventually require the aid of the be replaced by a new and larger Boat, more Life-boats. suitable for use on the outlying sandbanks. The Bamsgate Life-boat had also been taken Paid 1,9402. 6s. 4d. for sundry charges on out to the aid of a distressed vessel, but her various Life-boat Establishments. services were not ultimately needed. Voted 1011. 14s. to pay the expenses of the Voted 32. to three fishermen for putting off Senneu Cove, Poole, Cullercoats, Huna, Moelfre in a boat and saving, at some risk, the crew, Littlehaven, "and Holyhead Life-boats in ren- consisting of four men, of the Norwegian dering the following services:— schooner Johanna, which was wrecked on Car Lives Carrig Eock, off the coast of Fifeshire, during saved. a whole gale from the N.B. on the 7th De- Smack Spring, of Guernsey i! cember. Brig Victor, of Neustadt. Eemaiued by Also 3/. to three men for putting off in a vessel. boat from Southend, Essex, and assisting to S.S. Libelle, of Hamburgh 20 save eight persons from the schooner Hero, Fishing-boat Margaret Gunn, of Wick . . 7 which stranded off Southend, during a S.W. Smack Frens, of Beaumaris S wind and a very rough sea on the 24th October. Schooner A'anteos, of Aberystwyth ... 4 Schooner Nellie, of Bridgwater. and brig Lewis, of Cainarvon, remained by vessels. THURSDAY, 1st February. The Life-boats at Arbroath, Cresswcll, Fish- guard, Holyhead, Caister, and Fleetwood, had EDWARD BIEKBECK, Esq., M.P., V.P., also performed the following services :— in the Chair. Schooner Vigilant, of Dundee, rendered assist- Bead and approved the Minutes of the pre- ance ; s.s. Congo, of Cardiff, rendered assistance; vious Meeting, and those of the Finance and smack Ina Lass, of Newquay, saved vessel and Correspondence, and Wreck and Eeward Sub- crew of 4 ; barque Brothers, of Yarmouth, N.S., Committees. assisted to save vessel and 12 men; brigantine Also the Eeports of the five District In- Dare, of Sunderland, assisted to save vessel and spectors of Life-boats on their recent visits to crew of 6; and s.s. Eden, of West Hartlepool, tue following Stations:—• rendered assistance. 1. Plymouth, Yealm Eiver, Salcombe, Hope [Detailed accounts of many of these Life-boat Cove, Dartmouth, and Brixham. services will be found on pages 187-190.] 2. Cemaes, Moelfre, Bull Bay, Ehyl (two Voted 2162. 6s. to pay the expenses of the Boats), Penmon, Looe, Mevagissey, and Portloe. Holyhead, Flamborough No. 2, Camsore, Court- 3. Drogheda (two Boats), Skerries, and Bal- macsherry, Bridlington, Lowestoft, Porthdin- briggan. llaen, Palling No. 2, Caister No. 2, Southport, 4. Stromness, Thurso, Hauxley, Cresswell, Lytham, Hythe, Porthoustock, New Brighton, Alnmouth, Boulmer, and Bamborough. and Porthcawl Life-boats, in assembling their 5. Bedcar, Saltburn, Middlesbrough, Staithes, crews or putting off to the assistance of vessels and Runswick. which did not eventually require the aid of the [The special contributions and legacies re- Boats. ceived by the Institution during the month of Also the Silver Medal of the Institution to January are given in the Annual Eeport, pub- Mr. JENKIN JENKINS, coxswain of the Mumbles lished on the 1st May last.] (Swansea) Life-boat, who had on many occa- Eeported that the following legacies had been sions rendered good service in saving life from bequeathed to the Institution:— shipwreck. £. Voted 102. to five men, for putting off in a The late Mrs. A. T. PRICE, of Peckham . 1,000 boat from Carrick-a-Eaide Island, Co. Antrim, The late EOBEKT OKMSTON, Esq., of New- and rescuing at much lisk of life the, crew of castle 1,000 four men of a fishing yawl, which was in danger The late DAVID HAY, Esq., of Edinburgh, of being wrecked, during a gale from the N.W., for a Life-boat for the Scotch coast . 1,000 on the 2nd August. The late HENRY BROWN, Esq., of Plymouth 100 Also 52. to several men who -waded into the The late HORACE MARTIN, Esq., of Battle 100 surf and rescued, by means of a line and a The late G. E. POWELL, Esq., of Cardigan 50 hawser, the master, his wife and three children, The late JOHN DOMETT, Esq., of Camber- and the crew, consisting of three men, of the well 10 ketch Q. E. D., of Dartmouth, which was totally AUGUST 1,1883.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 193

wrecked off Lowestoft, during a whole gale from Voted the thanks of the Committee to the the N.E., on the 28th October. Rev. F. C. JACKSON, in acknowledgment of his Also 31. to three men, for putting off in a boat past valuable co-operation as Honorary Secretary and saving another man, whose boat had been of the Cadgwith Branch of the Institution. capsized off Eyeries, Co. Cork, during aN.N.E. Paid 1,5122. 8s. 6d. for sundry charges on •wind and high surf, on the 26th October. various Life-boat Establishments. Also 21. to the crew of a boat for rescuing Voted 1932. 19s. 6d. to pay the expenses of three men who had been working on board the Ballycotton, Padstow, St. Andrew's, Cahore, the s.s. Troubadour, of Liverpool, which, had Ballywalter, Harwich, Scarborough, Kessing- stranded off Drogheda, Ireland, and were in land No. 2, Worthing, and Newhaveu Life- some peril during a gale of wind from the boats, in rendering the following services :— S.W. on the 29th December. Lives Also 21. to four men for saving four men from saved. the boat of the ship Base of Sharon, of Shields, Barque Anjo, of Sunderland, rendered as- which, when returning from the shore to that sistance. vessel, liad been caught in a sudden gale from Schooner Mary Josephine, of Padstow . . 3 the N.W., and had been driven out into the Schooner Rosebud, of Goole 4 Bristol Channel on the 26th November. Brigantine Zephyr, of Rye, brought ashore 6 men from Blackwater Lightship. Brig Euphemia Fullerton, of Londonderry. 6 Barque Lorely, of Memel 11 Thursday, 1st March. Fishing smack young Alice, of Scarborough 5 Brig Marnhull, of Weymouth .... 5 EDWARD BIKKBECK, Esq., M.P., V.P., in the Schooner Teresa, of Weymouth .... 4 Chair. Ketch Thomas and John, of Fowey . . 3 Eead and approved the Minutes of the pre- The Port Isaac, Kesdngland No. 1, Holyhead, vious Meeting, and those of the Finance and and Caister No. 2 Lite-boats had also done the Correspondence, and Wreck and Reward Sub- following services :—Four distressed fishing Committees. cobles, saved boats and crews (7), and rendered Also the Eeport of the Chief Inspector of assistance to several other boats; sloop Pioneer, Lite-boats on his recent visit to Mablethorpe. of Lowestoft, rendered assistance; brig J.B.S., Also the Reports of the five District In- j of London, rendered assistance; schooner Don, specters of Life-boats on their visits to the fol- of Aberdeen, assisted to save vessel and crew lowing Stations:— . of 5. 1. Torquay, Teigrimouth, Exmouth, Sid- [Accounts of some of these services are mouth, Lyme Regis, Weymouth, Kimeridge, given on pages 186-190.] and Hastings. Voted 3897. 16s. to pay the expenses of the 2. Newquay, Fowey, Penzance, Senuen Cove, \YintertonNo. 2. Casftetown,Duugarvan, Holy- Porthcawl, and Falmouth. head, Llanddwyn, Southport, Lowestoft, Bern- 3. Drogheda, Blaekrock, Giles' Quay, Green- bridge, Hayling Island, Ramsey, Anstruther, castle, Portrush, and Groomsport. Southend, N.B., Douglas No. 2, Tynemouth 4. North Sunderland, Berwick, Dimbar, No. 1, Aldborough, Harwich, Pakefleld No. ], Tynemouth (two Boats), Cullercoats, Kirkcud- Broughty Ferry, Falmouth, Maryport, Plymouth, bright, and Whithorn. Torquay, Montrose No. 1, Arbroath, Hytlie, and 5. Upgang, Robin Hood's Bay, "Whitby (two Great Yarmouth Life-boats, in either assembling Boats), Scarborough, Filey, Mablethorpe, Flam- their crews or launching to the aid of vessels, borough (two Boats), and Withernsea. which did not ultimately need their assistance. Reported the receipt of 1,0002. from the Civil j The Scarborough Life-boat had also been Service Life-boat Fund, per CHARLES DIBDIN, , taken afloat, but her services were not eventu- Esq., F.R.G.S., Honorary Secretary, for the ' ally needed. endowment of their Life-boat Civil Service No. 3, j Voted the Second Service Clasp of the Insti- at Port Patrick, N.B. tution to the Rev. J. O'REILLY BLAOKWOOD, Decided, That the best thanks of the Com- Honorary Secretary of the Ballywalter Branch, mittee be given to Mr. DIBDIN and the other in recognition of his gallant conduct in going Contributors to the Fund, for their further very out in charge of the Life-boat at that port on liberal contribution. I the occasion of the rescue of the crew of the brig [The other Special Contributions and Legacies [ Euphemia Fullerton, of Ijoudondervy, totally received by the Institution during the month wrecked on the Long Rock during a very fierce of February are given in the Annual Report, E.S.E. gale on the 6th February. published on the 1st May last.] Also the Silver Medal of the Institution to Reported that the late G. J. EYRE, Esq., of Mr. GEORGE PRIOR, Chief Officer of H.M. Coast- Hove, had bequeathed a legacy of '201)1. to the guard at Ballywalter, for gallantly wading into lustitution. the surf and helping to get the Life-boat Reported the transmission to their Stations launched and hauled up on the above-named of the new Life-bouts for Swansea, Winchelsea, occasion. and Mablethorpe. Also the thanks of the Institution, inscribed The South-Eastern Railway Company had on vellum, to Mr. JOHN GLOVER, a member of kindly conveyed the Wiuchelsea Life-boat to the Local Committee, who also nobly encouraged Rye, and brought back the old one to London, and aided the men to save the Life-boat from free of charge. injury in the surf. —To be thanked. Voted the Silver Medal of the Institution to 194 THE LIFE-BOAT. [AUGUST 1,1883.

Mr, WIU.IAM WBBB, late Ooxwain of the Pad- BIEKBBCK, Esq., M.P., V.P., and Sir BDWAED stow Life-boat, ia recognition of Ins gallant PBKBOTT, Bart, V.P. sendees in the Boat during the past thirteen Various resolutions were moved, seconded, years. and carried unanimously, pledging the meeting Also the Silver Medal to Mr, ROBUST FHUL, to renewed exertions oa behalf of the benevolent Coxswain of the Ramsey Life-boat, in acknow- and national objects of the Institution. ledgment of his good services; lie had been The resolutions will be found in the May compelled by ill-health and advanced ago to number of the Li/e-baat Journal. resign Ms office. Also the Second Service Clasp to Mr, WILLIAM NORSWOBTBY, Chief Officer of H.M, Coastguard THURSDAY, 5th April. at Carnarvon, and 41. to four other met), for putting off in a boat, at great risk—t!ie boat His Grace the DUKS OP being driven back four times—and saving the P.C.. D.C.L., President of the Institution, in crew, consisting of one man and a boy, from the the Chair. barge Neptane,o{ Carnarvon, which bad dragged Vice-Admiral His Royal Highness the DCXE her anchor and stranded on a sandbank off OF ErtiXMJBGH, K.0., was unanimously elected Carnarvon, during a storm from the W.N.W. on a, "Vice-Patron of the Institution. the night of the 25th January, Bead and approved the Minutes of the pre- Also 5L 10s. to tbe crews of two cobles be- vious Meeting, and those of the Finance and longing to Redcnr, Yorkshire, for putting off, 1Correspondence, and Wreck and Reward Sub- during » fresh gale, and saving the crew of four ' committees. loen of the schooner Jim Crow, of Yarmouth, Read letter from EBWABD BIRKBECK, KSCJ.. •which had struck on the Saltscar Bocks on the 31.P., Chairman of the Institution, of the 24th January. 2nd Apri), stating that His Grace the DCKE Also

of the Bridgwater and Burnham Branch of the boat, with increased pecuniary rewards, in recog- Institution. nition of their gallant services in putting off Yoted the thanks of the Committee to JAMES twice, first in the Holyhead Life-boat, and WAKRACK, Esq., and WILLIAM HANKES, Esq., afterwards in the Life-boat at Ehosneigir, and in acknowledgment of their long and valuable rescuing twenty men from the barque Norman co-operation as Honorary Secretaries of the Court, of Greenock, which was wrecked in Montrose and Filey Brandies of the Institution. Cymeran Bay, during a terrific gale of wind, on Also to Mr. JAMES WEBBER, Honorary Secre- the 30th March. tary of the Covent Garden Life-boat Fund, for Also the thanks of the Institution, inscribed his long and valuable services, extending over on vellum, and a binocular glass, to Mr. W. S. many years, on behalf of that fund. ELLIOTT, Honorary Secretary of the Holyhead Also to Captain FLISHEE, of the steamer Branch, in acknowledgment of his valuable Cijijnus, of Weymouth, for his kind services in co-operation on the above-named occasion. collecting contributions on board that vessel on The thanks of the Institution were also pre- behalf of the Weyinouth Branch of the Insti- sented to W. E. EYEE, Esq., to Mr. ARTHUB tution. RIDDIFORD, Chief Officer of H.M. Coastguard Paid 3362?. Ss. id. for sundry charges on at Holyhead. and to the London and North- various Life-boat Establishments. Western Railway Company, through Mr. GUEST, Voted 2891. 19s. 6d. to pay the expenses of the their agent at Holyhead, for valuable assistance Thurso, Holy Island No. 1, Ramsey, Hunstati- rendered by them on the occasion in question. ton, Seaton Carew, Cemaes, Montrose, Filey, Also the Silver Medal to Mr. HENRY HOOD, Holyhead, and Rhosneigir Life-boats, in ren- coxwuin of the Seaton Carew Life-boat, and to dering the following services:— Jons HENRY FEANKLIN and MATTHEW FRANK- Lives LIN, of that Life-boat crew, in recognition of their saved. Schooner Hephzfliah, of Carnarvon ... 5 gallant services in going out in the Life-boat, Smack Annie, of Port Duiorwic.... ii and afterwards proceeding across the rocks, at Bella, of Wick C very great risk, and saving the crew of five men William and Martha 3 of the brigantine Atlas, of Drammen, which Governor Loch, of Inverness .... 4 was totally wrecked on the Longscar Rocks, Schooner Enigma, of Port St. Mary . . 5 during- a N.E. wind and a very heavy sea, on Ketch Mary Tweedlie, of Berwick ... 2 the llth March. Trawler Emerald Isle, of Whitehaven . . 4 Also the thanks of the Institution to Mr. Barquentine Vicuna, of Hull .... !) ALFRED THORXEY, Mr. GEORGE MAKR, and Mr. Schooner Atlas, of Draramen .... f> CAMBRIDGE, for wading into the sea and assist- Steamer Annie Hope, of Leith .... 6 ing to extricate the Filey Life-boat from a very I Ketch London, of Jersey, rendered assist- dangerous position, on the occasion of the yawl ance. William Clowes, of Filey. being in distress in Ketch Orange Blossom, of Jersey, rendered Filey Bay, during a fearful gale of wind from the assistance. N.E. and a very heavy sea on the 6th March. Brig Eleonore, of Tonsberg 7 Yoted also a binocular glass, bearing a suit- yawl William Clowes, of Filey .... (5 able inscription, to Mr. W. H. BELL, late cox- Barque Norman Court, of Greenock . . 20 wain of the Howth Life-boat, in acknowledg- ment of his long and valuable services in assisting to save life from shipwreck. The Caister No. 2, Grimsby, Lowestoft, Also 61. to the crew of a Winterton yawl, for Ramsgate, Morte, and Clacton Life-boats had bringing ashore the crew of ten men of the also performed the following services:—s.s. Norwegian schooner Orienten, who had taken Barnsley, of Grimsby, remained by vessel ; refuge on the Wold Lightship, during a fresh schooners Mary Coad, of Port Isaac, and Fides, wind from the W.N.W., on the 24th March. of Nyborg, Denmark, rendered assistance; Also 51. 10s. to eleven men, for putting off in barque Georgia, of Fiume, saved crew of 13; a boat and rescuing the crews, numbering in s.s. Lynx, of Cardiff, assisted to save vessel and all thirty-five men, of five fishing-boats, which 7; barque Epsilon, of Swansea, rendered as- were in danger in Ackeigill Bay. during a sistance. gale and a heavy sea, on the 12th February. [Accounts of some of these services will be Also 21. to four fishermen, for saving, by found on pages 187-190.] means of life-belts and lines, three of the crew Voted 260Z. to pay the expenses of the of the schooner Savant, of Beanmaris, which Hauxley, New Brighton No. 2, Broadstairs, was wrecked at Crail during a strong N.E. gale Caister Nos. 1 and 2, Saltburn, Scarborough, and a heavy sea, on the 7tli February. Braneaster, Hartlepool, West Hartlepool, Seaton Also 1Z. 5s. to five men, for putting off in a Carew, Fiaserburgh, Peterhead, Porthdinllaen, boat and rescuing three soldiers who had been Montrose No. 1, Filey, Deal, Walmer, Kings- surrounded by the tide on North Wharf, Fleet- downe, and Whitelink Bay Life-boats, in assem- wood on the 4th March. bling their crews or putting off to the aid of Also 11. to four men belonging to North vessels which did not eventually need their aid. Sunderland, for saving the crew of six men and The Eamsgate and Redcar Life-boats had the master, his wife and child from the boat of also been taken out, but their services had not the schooner Parkinson, of Barrow, which had been ultimately required. been wrecked on the Knavestone Eock, Fame Voted the Silver Medal of the institution to Islands, during a fresh N.W. breeze and a mode- Mr. THOMAS ROBERTS, coxswain of the Holyhead rate sea, on the 23rd February. Life-boat and the thanks of the Institution, inscribed on vellum, to the crew of the Life- ROYAL NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION. SUPPORTED SOLELY BT VOLUNTARY CONTEIBUTIONS. patroness—p?rt fHost <@racious fKajestg tfjc ©uceit. President—His Grace the DDKE OF NOBTHUMBERLAND, P.O., D.C.L, Chairman—EDWARD BIRKBECK, ESQ.. il.P., V.P.' JJeputy Chairman—Colonel Frrz-Rov CLAYTOX. Services of the Life-boats of the Institution in 1882. Aigle, brig, ol St. Servan 7 Fishing boats, of Newbiggin— Nordstiernen, sloop, of Haugesund 5 Alert, smack, of Lowestolt— •—rendered assistance. Ocean, smack, of Cardigan 2 saved vessel and 0 Fishing coble, of Holy Island— Ocean Child, schooner, of Belfast 3 America, brigantine, of Quebec.. 8 saved boat and crew 4 Otto, brigantine, of Hoganas.... 9 Amity, billyboy, of Goole—ren- Formosa, yacht, of Carmarthen.. 2 Percy, brig, of Riga—saved 3 of dered assistance. Fortuna, barque, of Arendal ... 10 crew 3 Amulet, B.S., of Rotterdam 21 Gander, smack, of Cardigan 3 Perseverance, schooner, of Belfast b Anapira, schooner, of Kirkcaldy Gateforth, gallut, of Whithorn Queen, schooner, of Inverness ... 4 saved vessel and crew 6 —remained by vessel: Quick and Gyles, luggers, of St. Andreas, brigantine, of Skjelskes, Gertrude, Gladstone and SJiah, Ives 14 Denmark 8 fishing boats of the Mumbles— Rambler, schooner, of Folkestone 4. Arab, yacht, of Pool*1 9 assisted to save vessels and ... 9 Jiai'id. smack, of Cardigan 3 Arethusa, barque, of Liverpool.. 10 Glanmania, schooner, of Beau- Heine des Anges, dandy, of Bou- Argo, schooner, of Copenhagen- niaris 3 logne—rendered assistance. rendered assistance. Happy Return, ketch, of Padstow 4 Rheinland, barque, of Hamburg Ariel, brig, of Youghal 7 Harka-iray, brig, of Shoreham— —saved two of the crew 2 August, brig, of Griefswald—as- rendered assistance. Rose, schooner, of Carnarvon .... 3 sisted to save vessel and 7 Harriet, ketch, of Goole—assisted ROSK, barque, of Arendal—saved Belle, smack, of Blyth 6 to save vessel and those on crew 10 Hen & Louisa, boat, of Southwold 3 board 8 R. W. l{oyd,$.s., of North Shields 14 Bexhill, schooner, of Shoreham .. 4 JJenrietta, schooner, of lx>ndon.. 4 Rydal Hall, s.s., of Liverpool- Blue Bell, ketch, of Padstow .... 3 Hope, dandy, of St. Ives—saved rendered assistance Boconnoc, smack, of Padstow— vessel and 3 St. George, brig, of Maryport.... 9 assisted to save vessel and .... 3 ffoppet, schooner, of Helsingborg 7 Saraca, barque, of Glasgow—re- flon Accord, lugger, of Portknockie 3 lona, schooner, of Padstow 5 mained by v€8^el. Mradley, s.s., of Liverpool—as- Irvine, steam tug, of Irvine 4 Sisters, fishing smack, of Gorles- sisted to save vessel and crew . 15 fsis, brig, of Whitby 1 ion -saved vessel and I British Quten, schooner, of Wex- Istwyth, schooner, ot Carnarvon . 3 Sophia, lighter, of Hull 3 ford 4 Jane, schooner, of Faversham ... 2 Spider, yacht, of Hamsgate—as- Brothers, schooner, of Harwich— Jane Anwyl, schooner, of Carnar- sisted, to save vessel and crew . 9 rendered assistance. von 3 Star, schooner, of St.. Acnes 3 Bvrth'.n, Norwegian barque .... 8 Jean Anderson, brigstitine, of Mar of Hope, brig, of Newcastle b tanmore, barque, of Dundee—• Dundalk 6 Steam Boat, lugger, of ArkLow— assisted to save vessel and .... 17 Jo*>n, brig, of Hurtlepool 7 saved boat and cvew 4 Carolina, barque, of Hernosand John, barge, of Faversham 2 Storjnhann, Norwegian barque, —rendered assistance. John and Ann, schooner, of Hun- assisted to save derelict vessel. Catherina Regina, brig, of Riga, 8 corn 3 Susannah Dixon, brig, of Whitby 8 Centenary, schooner, of Liverpool 4 John Stcnard, schooner, of Aber- S&ift, briz.of Krageroe—assisted Charles, schooner, of Carnarvon . 3 ystwith 4 t^ pave vessel and 8 Commerce, smack, of Cardigan .. 2 J. W. T., schooner, of Tiuro — S'.riJ t, brigantine, of Rye—assisted Concordia, schooner, of Guernsey 6 rendered assistance. to save vessel and 6 < onqueror, smack, of Newburgh 2 Kittywake, a.s., of Liverpool.... 7 Thotias and Sons, dandy, of Consent, schooner, of Sunderland £orkinourt schooner, of Beau- Aberystwith 3 —rendered assistance, maris 4 Thi-f.e lirothers, schooner, of Ches- Countess of Caithness, schooner, Lake A'epigont s.s., of Montreal.. 52 ter 2 of Gloucester—saved vessel and 4 Laura Ann, schooner, of Faver- Venus, barque, of Helsingborg— Danmark, brig, of Dragor 10 sham—rendered assistance. rendered assistance 12 Dazzler, yawl, of Wexford d Liban, s.s., of Nantes 8 Venus, schooner, of Exeter—ren- jDrumhendry, s s., of Glasgow... 2 Libra, schooner, of Bockzeteler- dered assistance. tibenezer, galliot, of Stuvanger .. 5 fenn 5 Victoria, schooner, of Beaumaris 2 Jicureuit, lugger, of Gravelines.. 5 Llaethline, schooner, of Newquay 4 Vigilant, schooner, of Dundee— Aden, barque, of Liverpool—as- Louisa, brig, of Stettin 6 rendered assistance. sisted to save vessel and crew . 17 Margaret, binack, of Cardigan... 2 Volant, schooner, of Wick 4 Edmund, Danish schooner 7 Martha Jane, smack, of Aber- Wellington, brig, of Aberystwjth 11 J gmont, barque, of South Shields 13 ystwith 3 H ilhelmina. briganiine,ol Exeter J. lizabeth, brig, of Arklow 5 Mary, schooner, of St. Ives 5 —rendered assistance. Elizabeth, schooner, of Aberyst- Mary Anne Jane, smack, of Car- Xanthus, brigantine, of Aberyst- with 3 narvon 3 with 6 Jillen, smack, of Milford 3 Mary Stevens, smack, of PadBtow 4 J-.merald Isle, lugger, of Howth . 2 Mary Wood, brigantine, of Belfast 1 Total lives saved by Life-boats in Krminia, Norwegian barque— —rendered assistance. lf*S2, in addition to Twenty- rendered assistance. Matint s.s., of Sunderlaud...... 16 three vessels 74.1 £ugenie Atiguste, schooner, of Mina, barque, of Kalmar, Sweden 10 Castle town 5 jUomington, brig, ot Cok-hester,. 8 During the same period the Insti- J-.urope, barque, of Bordeaux .... 6 Atosel. B.S., of Bremen 27 tution granted reward-; for saving Evening Star, ketch, of Hull— Rapier, s.s., of Shields—remained lives by rishing and other boats 143 assisted to save vessel and crew 3 by ve;-sel. Expedit, brigantine, of Porsgrund 6 Newbiggin, fishing coble—saved Total of lives saved } 88__1 . >ay)ny, sloop, of Fishguard— cob.e. in 1882 $ saved vessel and 2 A'imrod, barque, of Liverpool... 18 The number of lives saved either by the Life-boats of the Institution, or by special exertions for which it has granted rewards, since its formation, is 29,608; for which services 96 Gold Medals, 962 Silver Medals auU £72,600 in cash have been granted as rewards. The average expense of a Life-boat Station is £1,OOO. Its cost for a 10-oared boat is made up as follows;— Life-boat ;md her equipment, including Life-belts for the crew, and Transporting-carriage for the Life-boat . £650 Boat-house (_a.verage cost) 350 Total .... £1,000 The average annual expense of maintaining a Life-boat Station is £70. - - • •• Donations and Annual Subscriptions are thankfully received by the Bankers of the Institution, Messrs. Courts AND Co., 69 Strand; Messrs. HEEBIES, FABQUHAB, AND Co., \6 St. James's Street; Messrs. HOARE, 31 Kleet Street, London; by all the other Bankers in the United Kingdom; by all the Life-boat Branches; and by the Secretary, CHARLES DIBDIS, Esq.. at the Institution, 14 JOHN STKEKT, ADELPHI, LONDON, W.C.—August i, 1883.