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Home , Boom (ship), Fifie, Fishing vessel, Koff (ship type), Yawl, Yoal

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5 MASTED USE :SCHOONER

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ADMIRALTY TRAWLER AUXILIARY USE :TRAWLER BT : BARQUE TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ Variant of the Barque having auxiliary steam or diesel AIRCRAFT CARRIER propulsion for use in light airs or contrary winds. BT : WARSHIP TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ A warship specialised for the carriage of aircraft, AUXILIARY and characterised by a flat upper for launch and BT : BRIG landing while under way. of this vary considerably TT : MARITIME CRAFT in role, equipment and size, being usually designed for the ★ Variant of the Brig having auxiliary steam or diesel operation of a narrow range of aircraft. Seaplane Carriers, propulsion for use in light airs or contrary winds. which craned aircraft outboard to launch and recover from the sea, may be placed within this category, but not those modern warships and auxiliaries which carry a helicopter AUXILIARY VESSEL as part of a more generalised equipment fit. BT : TT : MARITIME CRAFT AIR SEA RESCUE BUOY ★ A fishing vessel having auxiliary steam or diesel BT : RESCUE VESSEL propulsion for use in harbour areas, light airs or contrary TT : MARITIME CRAFT winds. ★ An unpowered and unmanned vessel containing basic survival and communications facilities, and intended to be AUXILIARY moored in a known position to provide a refuge for aircrew BT : KETCH in distress after they ditched alongside it. TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ A ketch having auxiliary steam or deisel propulsion for AIR SEA RESCUE CRAFT use in harbour areas, light airs or contrary winds. BT : MARITIME CRAFT TT : MARITIME CRAFT AUXILIARY ★ A small but seaworthy vessel designed for the rescue BT : LUGGER of downed aircrew, often under wartime conditions. Such TT : MARITIME CRAFT vessels were typically manned by uniformed (Royal Air ★ Force) personnel, and varied considerably in size and A lugger having auxiliary steam or deisel propulsion for form. The smaller types were high-speed planing craft, and use in harbour areas, light airs or contrary winds. normally termed Rescue Launches; the larger types were slower and had secondary functions as range control and target towing vessels. AUXILIARY SCHOONER BT : SCHOONER TT : MARITIME CRAFT ARMED BOARDING VESSEL ★ A schooner having auxiliary steam or diesel propulsion BT : MARITIME CRAFT for use in harbour areas, light airs or contrary winds. TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ A requisitioned, adapted and (generally) armed merchant vessel used to enforce a naval blockade by boarding suspect AUXILIARY vessels and inspecting them for contraband. In practice, this BT : SLOOP category covers a wide variety of vessel, and merges into TT : MARITIME CRAFT the various categories of requisitioned craft that are noted ★ A decked vessel, having fore-and-aft as such. (including a single headsail and often a gaff main) on a single . Several variants have been recognised within this generalised type of vessel, which was used for a variety ARMED MERCHANT CRUISER of purposes. In naval service, the term was commonly BT : NAVAL SUPPORT VESSEL applied to a vessel deemed too small to be given a formal TT : MARITIME CRAFT rating; these vessels carried between 18 and 36 guns, and ★ A requisitioned merchant vessel (generally of were rigged as Ships or , being termed - or considerable speed and size) given an extempore armament Brig-sloops respectively. fit to allow her limited use in convoy protection or to enforce a naval blockade, pending the construction of adequate specialised warships. AUXILIARY BT : SMACK TT : MARITIME CRAFT ARMED SCHOONER ★ A smack having auxiliary steam or diesel propulsion for BT : WARSHIP use in harbour areas, light airs or contrary winds. TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ A schooner-rigged vessel armed (typically with about eight guns) as a light warship in commissioned service. AUXILIARY TRAWLER USE :TRAWLER

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AUXILIARY BT : YAWL TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ A Yawl having auxiliary steam or diesel propulsion for use in harbour areas, light airs or contrary winds.

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BARGE BILLYBOY BT : CARGO VESSEL BT : TT : MARITIME CRAFT SAILING VESSEL (BY FORM/TYPE) NT : BILLYBOY TT : MARITIME CRAFT CONCRETE BARGE ★ Single masted east coast trading vessel, ketch rigged or DUMB BARGE single masted. DUMB CONCRETE BARGE DUMB HOPPER BARGE MOTOR BARGE TANK BARGE BT : SAILING VESSEL (BY FORM/TYPE) BARGE TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ ★ Shallow cargo vessel, often broad beamed and flat An imprecise term, loosely used to vessels built by bottomed, powered by engine and or . or 'clenched lap' construction but having a transom . Essentially a late development of the Norse or Viking tradition. BARK USE :BARQUE BT : MARITIME CRAFT BARKENTEEN SAILING VESSEL (BY FORM/TYPE) TT : MARITIME CRAFT USE : ★ A vague term loosely applied to a vessel of any type, form or construction considered too small to be a ship.Such BARQUE vessels vary considerably in construction and form, and UF : BARK are used for a variety of purposes. The term is generally BT : SQUARE RIGGED VESSEL applied to undecked vessels, and has connotations of TT : MARITIME CRAFT unseaworthiness, unsuitability for independent operation, NT : AUXILIARY BARQUE portability and/or unsophisticated construction. ★ A large decked sailing vessel having three or more masts, with square sails on all but the mizzen, which was fore-and- aft rigged. Vessels of this type and of steel construction were DEFENCE VESSEL the norm in ocean trading in the latter days of sail. Most BT : NAVAL SUPPORT VESSEL of the Cape Horners, and ships fall TT : MARITIME CRAFT within this category. ★ A specialised form of yard or service craft typically operated as a naval auxiliary for the laying of maintenance of moorings and boom defences, and for light general BARQUENTINE salvage. The type is characterised by the fitting of prominent UF : BARKENTEEN projecting lifting-horns at the . BT : SAILING VESSEL (BY RIG) TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ A medium-sized decked sailing vessel (normally of timber BRIG construction) having three masts, with square sails on the BT : SQUARE RIGGED VESSEL foremast, while the main and mizzen masts were fore-and- TT : MARITIME CRAFT aft rigged. NT : AUXILIARY BRIG HERMAPHRODITE BRIG ★ Medium-sized decked sailing vessel having two masts, BATTLECRUISER with square sails on both and normally of timber BT : WARSHIP construction. Vessels of this type were significant in the 18th TT : MARITIME CRAFT century for the carriage of coal ( brigs); several cadet ★ A specialised armoured large warship built around steam or school ships have this rig. propulsion and heavy guns, optimised for firepower and speed rather than protection. Successor to the or Line-of-battle Ship of the classic sailing navy: not to be confused with the Battleship BT : SAILING VESSEL (BY RIG) TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ Medium-sized decked sailing vessel (normally of timber BATTLESHIP construction) having two masts, with square sails on the BT : WARSHIP foremast and fore-and-aft sails on the mainmast. TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ A specialised armoured large warship built around steam propulsion and heavy guns, optimised for firepower and BUCKET DREDGER protection rather than speed. Successor to the Ship of the BT : DREDGER Line or Line-of-battle Ship of the classic sailing navy: not TT : MARITIME CRAFT to be confused with the Battlecruiser ★ This refers to a variant of the Dredger intended to excavate sediment by the use of an endless chain of buckets. Such vessels are generally of considerable size.

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BUOY TENDER BT : SERVICE VESSEL TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ a service craft (typically of small to medium size) intended to lay, lift and resupply navigation buoys. They usually have a well deck and heavy derrick or crane forward for handling heavy equipment; most have a helicopter deck aft.

BUSS BT : FISHING VESSEL TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ A fishing vessel of Dutch origin, commonly used (notably in the and around Northern Scotland) in the 17th and 18th centuries. Characteristically broad in the beam, and having two or three masts, each carrying a separate square sail.

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CARGO VESSEL BT : TRANSPORT VESSEL BT : WARSHIP TT : MARITIME CRAFT TT : MARITIME CRAFT NT : BARGE ★ A small general-purpose warship built around diesel, COLLIER steam or gas turbine propulsion and carrying a range LIBERTY SHIP of weaponry, typically optimised for anti-submarine PASSENGER VESSEL operations. Vessels of this type are now distinguished from by not carrying a helicopter, Warships of this type have traditionally tended to operate as part of larger ★ A craft used for the transportation of cargoes. Use formations rather than independently. specific type where known. CRAFT BT : MARITIME CRAFT BT : SAILING VESSEL (BY FORM/TYPE) TT : MARITIME CRAFT TT : MARITIME CRAFT NT : ★ A large and robust trading vessel of North European LOGBOAT origin, developed from the Mediterranean and ★ This term (which may be either singular or plural) applies characterised by having three masts, large castles fore and within RCAHMS terminology to any vessel (demonstrable aft and a mixture of square and sails. or suggested) which cannot be classified more accurately.

CLIPPER CRANE BARGE BT : SAILING VESSEL (BY FORM/TYPE) BT : BARGE TT : MARITIME CRAFT TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ Generic term for fast sailing ships with schooner rig and ★ A shallow draft vessel used to carry a crane. fine lines. CRUISER COBLE BT : WARSHIP BT : CRAFT TT : MARITIME CRAFT TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ A generalised warship of considerable size built around ★ This term applies to two types of coastal or estuarine craft steam or gas turbine propulsion and carrying a range used (notably for salmon netting) in coastal and estuarine of weaponry. Vessels of this type have traditionally been contexts in Eastern Scotland. The heavier-built is of North- the norm in the Royal Navy on account of their ability East English origin, and is distinguished by an undercut to operate effectively either independently or as part of a transom intended for beaching in surf. The type found larger formation. In consequence, they have varied widely further North is of lighter construction and has a vertical in size between classes, notably in size, gun calibre and the transom stern. Both types may be rowed or sailed, and degree of armour protection. They have rarely been fitted are traditionally clinker-built, but are nowadays formed in for anti-submarine operations. fibreglass. CUSTOMS BOAT COLLIER BT : MARITIME CRAFT BT : CARGO VESSEL TT : MARITIME CRAFT TT : MARITIME CRAFT NT : REVENUE ★ A vessel for carrying a cargo of coal in bulk. ★ A small vessel used as transport for customs officers.

CONCRETE BARGE CUTTER BT : BARGE BT : SAILING VESSEL (BY FORM/TYPE) TT : MARITIME CRAFT TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ A Barge of concrete construction. This variant of the type ★ This term has had a variety of meanings, the most was probably uncommon. significant being the original use to describe a small decked vessel with a fore-and-aft rig comprising a gaff mainsail and two headsails on a boom. Such a rig was inherently fast, CONTAINER SHIP leading to their use as light armed craft, notably against BT : CARGO VESSEL smugglers, and to carry pilots. The use of the term to TT : MARITIME CRAFT describe a double-banked pulling craft in naval service is ★ A merchant cargo vessel specifically designed and inapplicable. used for the carriage of containers, and typically non-self discharging.

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DANDY BT : SAILING VESSEL (BY FORM/TYPE) BT : KETCH TT : MARITIME CRAFT TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ An imprecise term, loosely used to cover a variety of small ★ a small and wide-beamed fishing vessel used in the 17th fore-and-aft rigged sailed vessels having a mizzen mast and century and later in the North Sea, traditionally for some or all of the characteristics of smacks and . and line-fishing on the . This type was rigged as a ketch, having square sails on the mainmast, a lugsail aft, and two jibs on a long bowsprit. DANISH BT : EAST INDIAMAN TT : MARITIME CRAFT DREDGER ★ an armed merchant vessel of Danish origin, equipped and BT : MARITIME CRAFT used for the specialised Eastern trade, notably in spices, by TT : MARITIME CRAFT the Danish East Indies Company between the 17th and 19th NT : BUCKET DREDGER centuries. Vessels of this type were unusually large for the DUMB DREDGER period and considered of extremely high status, this being DREDGER HOPPER DREDGER reflected in their rich ornament. STEAM DREDGER SUCTION DREDGER DEGAUSSING BARGE ★ This refers to a specialised form of service or yard UF : DEGUASSING VESSEL craft constructed for the underwater excavation of soft BT : NAVAL SUPPORT VESSEL sediment to maintain a specified channel depth for the TT : MARITIME CRAFT passage of shipping. Various methods of excavation are ★ A non self-propelled vessel used within a dockyard employed, and some dredgers have integral hoppers to to facilitate 'wiping', the passage of a heavy electrical contain material being taken for dumping, while others current across a ferrous hull to negate the magnetism require the associated use of a Hopper Barge. induced into the hull during building, and so provide short- term protection against magnetic mines. Such a vessel is essentially a floating electrical battery, and may also to be BT : FISHING VESSEL used to provide an external (shore) power supply to vessels TT : MARITIME CRAFT in refit. NT : MOTOR DRIFTER REQUISITIONED DRIFTER DEGUASSING VESSEL STEAM DRIFTER ★ USE :DEGAUSSING BARGE A fishing boat using nets which are free to move with the and currents. DESTROYER BT : WARSHIP DUMB BARGE TT : MARITIME CRAFT BT : BARGE TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ a medium-sized warship built around steam or gas turbine propulsion and carrying a range of weaponry. ★ A Barge without integral means of propulsion other than Vessels of this type have varied considerably across the sweeps or . This variant of the type was probably the 20th century, being originally designed as specialised fast norm, being towed as required. craft with a heavy armament. In recent years, the term has come to denote a generalised warship designed around a long-range (area defence) anti-aircraft missile DUMB CONCRETE BARGE system, and carrying a helicopter for anti-submarine BT : BARGE operations.Warships of this type have traditionally tended TT : MARITIME CRAFT to operate as part of larger formations rather than ★ A Barge of concrete construction and without integral independently, being similar to Frigates in this respect. means of propulsion other than sweeps or oars. This variant of the type was probably uncommon. DIVING BELL BARGE RT : DUMB DREDGER BT : MARITIME CRAFT BT : DREDGER TT : MARITIME CRAFT TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ A shallow draft vessel used to operate a diving bell. ★ This refers to a variant of the Dredger without integral propulsion. Any of a number of methods of excavation may be employed, and some vessels of this type are known to DIVING SUPPORT VESSEL have been driven by manpower and moved from traction RT : DIVING BELL BARGE engines on shore. BT : MARITIME CRAFT TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ A vessel used to support open water commercial diving operations e.g. pipe laying.

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DUMB HOPPER BARGE BT : BARGE TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ A Barge without integral means of propulsion other than sweeps or oars, and fitted to self-discharge through large doors in the bottom. This variant of the type was probably uncommon, and typically used to carry spoil to the dumping ground.

DUTCH EAST INDIAMAN BT : EAST INDIAMAN TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ An armed merchant vessel of Dutch origin, equipped and used for the specialised Eastern trade, notably in spices, by the Dutch East Indies Company (VOC) between the 17th and 19th centuries. Vessels of this type were unusually large for the period and considered of extremely high status, this being reflected in their rich ornament.

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EAST INDIAMAN BT : SAILING VESSEL (BY FORM/TYPE) TT : MARITIME CRAFT NT : DANISH EAST INDIAMAN DUTCH EAST INDIAMAN SWEDISH EAST INDIAMAN ★ Name given to a vessel of the East India Company. Usually large, well built and magnificently decorated.

ESCORT VESSEL BT : WARSHIP TT : MARITIME CRAFT NT : ★ A warship used to provide an escort to other warships or merchant ships against attack.

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FACTORY SHIP SHIP BT : MARITIME CRAFT BT : MARITIME CRAFT TT : MARITIME CRAFT TT : MARITIME CRAFT NT : WHALE ★ A specialised vessel equipped for the gutting, preparation ★ A vessel with equipment for processing dead marine life and freezing of fish received from associated trawlers of whilst still at sea. recent years. Together with Fish Carriers and Fish Factory Ships vessels of this type are associated with the Russian 'Klondykers' which operated off Scotland during the Soviet FACTORY TRAWLER period. BT : MARITIME CRAFT TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ A large and powerful trawler comprehensively equipped FISHING VESSEL for the gutting, preparation and freezing of fish on BT : MARITIME CRAFT board. Like other trawlers of recent years, such vessels TT : MARITIME CRAFT typically shoot nets astern, and have large stern ramps NT : AUXILIARY FISHING VESSEL for the purpose. Some fish by suction, rather than BUSS trawling.Together with Fish Carriers and Fish Factory DRIFTER Ships vessels of this type are associated with the Russian HOOKER MOTOR FISHING VESSEL 'Klondykers' which operated off Scotland during the Soviet MOTOR FREEZER TRAWLER period. REQUISITIONED FISHING VESSEL REQUISITIONED MOTOR FISHING VESSEL SEINE NET FISHING VESSEL TRAWLER BT : PASSENGER VESSEL TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ A vessel or craft used for catching or harvesting marine ★ This term denotes a regular service carrying passengers life by a variety of methods, use specific method where and/or freight across a specific body of water. No specific known. type need be implied, those used may vary between simple rowing and sophisticated Roll-on/Roll-off (Ro-Ro) vessels. Such specialised types as hydrofoils and planing FLYING BOAT craft, chain and double-decked ferries may be used BT : MARITIME CRAFT in specific circumstances. TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ An aircraft intended for operation from water and built FIFTH RATE WARSHIP around a watertight hull of planing form. Such aircraft BT : SHIP OF THE LINE may be fitted with wheels for beaching and/or amphibious TT : MARITIME CRAFT operation, and should be differentiated from Seaplanes. ★ Under the rating system introduced into the Royal Navy by Admiral Lord Anson in 1751-6, fifth rate warships FOURERN were those carrying between 32 and 50 guns (increased BT : SAILING VESSEL (BY FORM/TYPE) to between 32 and 60 from 1810). Such vessels were the TT : MARITIME CRAFT larger Frigates (otherwise termed Cruisers), and were built ★ with a sufficient speed to make them suitable for scouting A small open boat typically used around , and and detached duties. HMS Unicorn and HMS Tricomalee propelled by rowing with four oars or (occasionally) a (in preservation at Dundee and Hartlepool respectively) single square sail. Essentially a late development of the exemplify the type. Norse or Viking tradition in series with the and sixern; commonly developed for racing and recreational use.

FIRST RATE WARSHIP BT : SHIP OF THE LINE FOURTH RATE WARSHIP TT : MARITIME CRAFT BT : SHIP OF THE LINE ★ TT : MARITIME CRAFT Under the rating system introduced into the Royal Navy ★ by Admiral Lord Anson in 1751-6, first rate warships were Under the rating system introduced into the Royal Navy those carrying over 100 guns (increased to 110 from 1810) by Admiral Lord Anson in 1751-6, 'fourth rate' warships on three decks. Such vessels were the heaviest 'Ships of the were those carrying between 50 and 70 guns (increased to Line [of Battle]', being optimised for armament above all between 60 and 80 from 1810). Such vessels rarely built, else. and occupied an equivocal status between the larger Ships of the Line and the smaller Frigates.

FISH CARRIER BT : MARITIME CRAFT FRIGATE TT : MARITIME CRAFT BT : ESCORT VESSEL ★ TT : MARITIME CRAFT A refrigerated ship used to take the processed catch ★ back to the home port after receipt from Factory Trawlers A small- to medium-sized warship built around steam or and Fish Factory Ships. Together with Factory Trawlers gas turbine propulsion and carrying a range of weaponry, and Fish Factory Ships vessels of this type are associated and carrying a helicopter for anti-submarine operations. with the Russian 'Klondykers' which operated off Scotland Vessels of this type are now distinguished from Destroyers during the Soviet period. by not having a long-range (area defence) anti-aircraft missile system, Warships of this type have traditionally tended to operate as part of larger formations rather than independently, being similar to Destroyers in this respect.

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GABBART BT : MARITIME CRAFT TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ Double-ended and full-bodied sailing vessel common around Scotland and sized to pass through the central Scottish canals; typically gaff-rigged.

GALLEON BT : SAILING VESSEL (BY FORM/TYPE) TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ A large sailing vessel of the late 16th and early 17th centuries, used both for cargo transport and as a warship. Essentially a development of the Carrack with the high removed to improve the vessel's ability to turn and point into wind.

GALLEY BT : MARITIME CRAFT TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ A specialised class of light oared warship, most commonly used in the Mediterranean, but sometimes used in Northern waters with fore-and-aft rigged sails and a bow- mounted cannon.

GALLIOT BT : SAILING VESSEL (BY FORM/TYPE) TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ A small transport vessel of Dutch type, having a bluff, rounded bow and fitted with . The type was usually fore-and-aft rigged on a single mast, often with a sprit.

GRAB DREDGER BT : DREDGER TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ this refers to a variant of the Dredger intended to excavate sediment by the use of a grab mounted on board. Such vessels are generally of smaller size that Bucket Dredgers or Suction Dredgers. Most Steam Dredgers probably fall within this category.

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HARBOUR SERVICE CRAFT HOSPITAL SHIP BT : SERVICE VESSEL BT : NAVAL SUPPORT VESSEL TT : MARITIME CRAFT PASSENGER VESSEL NT : LIGHTER TT : MARITIME CRAFT TUG ★ A ship constructed and/or used to accommodate and ★ Craft used to maintain, supply or assist larger vessels treat casualties of military operations, usually under whilst in harbour. specific conditions of the Geneva Convention. Such vessels are normally of considerable size and carry distinctive markings; requisitioned passenger ships are frequently HERMAPHRODITE BRIG used. BT : BRIG TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ Variant of the Brig having square sails on the foremast HOUSEBOAT and a square topsail above a gaff main on the main. The UF : HOUSE BOAT term brig-schooner has also been applied. BT : MARITIME CRAFT TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ A vessel constructed or adapted for permament HERMAPHRODITE SCHOONER or semi-permanent residential occupation, and typically BT : SCHOONER found on inland waterways. Such vessels are unpowered TT : MARITIME CRAFT and unseaworthy, and may have fitted mains services. ★ Variant of the Schooner having fore-and-aft sails on the They should be differentiated from accommodation hulks foremast and a square topsail above a gaff main on the (converted warships) in military service. main. HOUSE BOAT HIGH SPEED LAUNCH USE :HOUSEBOAT BT : MARITIME CRAFT TT : MARITIME CRAFT NT : SEAPLANE TENDER ★ BT : MARITIME CRAFT Small, fast and powerful craft, typically having planing TT : MARITIME CRAFT hulls, limited armament and sparse accommodation, used in military service for aviation-related purposes but not ★ General term for a small coasting sailing vessel. No intended for offensive operations. Larger craft of this type specific sailplan or rig is implied, but the type is of 17th- were used offshore for air-sea rescue duties, while smaller century Dutch derivation. examples were used in estuaries to support the operation of seaplanes and flying-boats. The former function has been taken over by helicopters while the latter is obsolete. HULK BT : SERVICE VESSEL TT : MARITIME CRAFT HOOKER ★ General term of a superseded ship (of any type BT : FISHING VESSEL or construction) converted for static but floating use TT : MARITIME CRAFT in harbours, dockyards or engineering works. Typical ★ A ketch-rigged vessel of Dutch origin, characterised by examples include sheer hulks (for fitting masts), stores and a tubby form and commonly used for line fishing. accommodation hulks, and prison hulks.

HOPPER HUMAN TORPEDO USE :HOPPER BARGE RT : MIDGET SUBMARINE BT : WARSHIP TT : MARITIME CRAFT HOPPER BARGE ★ A specialised weapon system comprising a heavyweight UF : HOPPER torpedo and used in the Second World War to attack enemy BT : BARGE vessels in harbour. It comprised a heavyweight torpedo TT : MARITIME CRAFT controlled by two divers seated astride it; the bow was ★ A Barge fitted to self-discharge through large doors in the formed by a detachable explosive charge. This class of bottom. This variant of the type was probably uncommon, vessel is distinguished from the MIDGET SUBMARINE by and typically used to carry dredging spoil to the dumping not having an integral pressure hull. ground. Such vessels may be either powered or dumb.

HOPPER DREDGER BT : DREDGER TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ This refers to a specialised form of service or yard craft constructed for the underwater excavation of soft sediment to maintain a specified channel depth for the passage of shipping, and built around an integral hopper or hoppers to contain material being taken for dumping.

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JIGGER BT : SAILING VESSEL (BY FORM/TYPE) TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ An imprecise term apparently used to describe a small decked sailing vessel having a mizzen mast set after the fashion of a yawl.

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KETCH BT : SAILING VESSEL (BY FORM/TYPE) TT : MARITIME CRAFT NT : AUXILIARY KETCH DOGGER ★ A vessel with two masts, rigged as a ketch, used for coastal trading.

KOFF USE :KUFF

KOFSCHIP USE :KUFF

KUFF UF : KOFSCHIP BT : SAILING VESSEL (BY FORM/TYPE) TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ A ketch-, schooner- or barque-rigged coastal cargo vessel of Dutch origin, characterised by very full and stern stem and stern.

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LANDING CRAFT LIFEBOAT BT : WARSHIP BT : RESCUE VESSEL TT : MARITIME CRAFT TT : MARITIME CRAFT NT : LANDING SHIP INFANTRY ★ A specialised form of vessel, typically of small size, LANDING CRAFT TANK intended for the saving of life at sea. The term covers both ★ A vessel specialised to land troops and/or military vessels mounted on a parent vessel to save the lives of those equipment (including artillery and vehicles) on beaches on boar in the event of sinking, and also vessels maintained from larger vessels moored offshore. They vary in readiness (either in harbour or on shore) to save lives considerably in size, are only used in sheltered waters, and in emergency. Vessels of both sub-types are specialised for are characterised by having a box-like form and prominent seaworthiness, being fitted on occasion with self-righting bow-doors. gear, and low in silhouette. Although originally rowed, powerful diesel engines have long been universal. Most of the RCAHMS entries fall within the latter category. The LANDING CRAFT TANK smaller boats of the former category frequently remain BT : LANDING CRAFT in service long after improvised conversion for other TT : MARITIME CRAFT purposes. ★ A large Landing Craft specialised to land vehicles (including armoured fighting vehicles) and heavy equipment on beaches from larger vessels moored offshore. LIGHTER Vessels of this type are frequently launched from floodable BT : HARBOUR SERVICE CRAFT docks within the parent vessel. TT : MARITIME CRAFT NT : STEAM LIGHTER ★ a simple vessel used for cargo-carrying in sheltered LANDING SHIP INFANTRY waters, and generally unpowered except by sweeps on BT : LANDING CRAFT occasion. TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ Landing Ship Infantry (LSI): vessels of this type were constructed or converted from merchant ships to troops LIGHTHOUSE TENDER over considerable distances prior to landing them on hostile BT : SERVICE VESSEL shore from (smaller) Landing Craft (qv) which were carried TT : MARITIME CRAFT on outboard davits. Vessels of this type were used in ★ A service craft (typically of small to medium size) considerable numbers in the Second World War, being intended to support and resupply lighthouses and light fundamental to operations in the Pacific, but have since vessels. They usually also serve as Buoy Tenders and may been superseded by vessels of the Landing Platform Dock have a well deck and heavy derrick or crane forward for (LPD) and Landing Platform Helicopter (LPH) types. handling heavy equipment; most have a helicopter deck aft. They also serve as inspection vessels for Lighthouse Board members, and are outfitted accordingly, being known LAUNCH popularly as `Lighthouse '. BT : MARITIME CRAFT TT : MARITIME CRAFT NT : MOTOR LAUNCH LIGHTSHIP STEAM LAUNCH BT : TRINITY HOUSE VESSEL ★ The meaning of this term has varied considerably over TT : MARITIME CRAFT time, being applied to both large and heavy ship?s boats ★ Normally an unpowered vessel, moored in places where and small open or half-decked vessels intended for general the construction of a lighthouse is impractical. use in sheltered waters. Vessels within the latter category generally have mechanical propulsion, and are of flat- bottomed form. The term is characterised by a degree of LINER status, which may be reflected in ostentatious ornament. BT : PASSENGER VESSEL TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ A ship belonging to a shipping company which carries LIBERTY SHIP passengers on a scheduled route usually applied to steam BT : CARGO VESSEL ships only. TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ A specialised form of built during the Second World War for to carry large volumes of war materials. LOGBOAT They were optimised for rapid construction by unskilled BT : CRAFT labour and with the minimum use of scarce industrial TT : MARITIME CRAFT capacity; riveted construction and reciprocating engines ★ A boat fashioned out of a section of tree trunk. being used. Comparable ships were built during the First World War, but not given the name.

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LUGGER BT : SAILING VESSEL (BY FORM/TYPE) TT : MARITIME CRAFT NT : AUXILIARY LUGGER ★ In general terms, vessel powered by a quadrilateral sail which projects forward of the mast. Specifically, a vessel (generally decked and of considerable size) used typically as a drifter and having a single mast which was lowered during fishing; a small steam engine was sometimes fitted for sail- and net-handling. The terms , Zulu and Scaffie refer to variations within this type, which were unspecified in reports of loss. The puffer has become a Scottish icon; several examples are preserved, notably at the Scottish Museum, .

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MARITIME CRAFT MINESWEEPER NT : ARMED BOARDING VESSEL BT : WARSHIP BOAT TT : MARITIME CRAFT CRAFT ★ A vessel designed or adapted to sweep and explode mines CUSTOMS BOAT laid at sea. DREDGER FACTORY SHIP FACTORY TRAWLER MOTOR BARGE FISH CARRIER FISH FACTORY SHIP BT : BARGE FISHING VESSEL TT : MARITIME CRAFT FLYING BOAT ★ A Barge with integral motor propulsion. This variant of GABBART the type was probably uncommon. HIGH SPEED LAUNCH LAUNCH MOTOR TANKER MOTOR BOAT MOTOR VESSEL BT : SAILING VESSEL (BY FORM/TYPE) NAVAL SUPPORT VESSEL TT : MARITIME CRAFT DIVING SUPPORT VESSEL ★ OILER A Boat propelled by in inboard diesel engine. STEAMER PATROL VESSEL RECREATIONAL VESSEL MOTOR DRIFTER SAILING VESSEL (BY FORM/TYPE) BT : DRIFTER SAILING VESSEL (BY RIG) TT : MARITIME CRAFT NT : REQUISITIONED MOTOR DRIFTER SEAPLANE ★ A Drifter with integral motor propulsion. SERVICE VESSEL SHIP SPEEDBOAT MOTOR FISHING VESSEL STEAM PACKET BT : FISHING VESSEL SURVEY VESSEL TT : MARITIME CRAFT TRANSPORT VESSEL ★ TRINITY HOUSE VESSEL This term is loosely applied to any Fishing Vessel with WARSHIP integral motor propulsion, whether intended for use as a OBSTRUCTION Drifter, as a Trawler or in line-fishing. Such vessels vary HOUSEBOAT considerably in size, form and construction. The term is AIR SEA RESCUE CRAFT also applied more specifically to a type of vessel (known RAFT colloquially as an 'MFV') built for naval service as light support craft, fleet tenders, diving vessels and patrol duties, HOY but suitable for sale and civilian use when no longer PRIVATEER required. DIVING BELL BARGE ★ This is the top term for the thesaurus. See the Class List for narrow terms. MOTOR FREEZER TRAWLER BT : FISHING VESSEL TT : MARITIME CRAFT MIDGET SUBMARINE ★ A form of Motor Fishing Vessel with integral RT : HUMAN TORPEDO motor propulsion and onboard refrigeration, typically of BT : SUBMARINE considerable size and fitted for stern trawling. Such vessels TT : MARITIME CRAFT were the norm among the Soviet 'Klondykers' in the 1970s ★ Small submarine with a two or three man crew. Used and 1980s. for special missions such as sinking warships in heavily defended harbours. MOTOR GUN BOAT BT : WARSHIP MINELAYER TT : MARITIME CRAFT BT : WARSHIP ★ A specialised fast but lightweight coastal warship TT : MARITIME CRAFT (typically of planing hull form and wooden construction) ★ A specialised warship or naval auxiliary constructed armed with heavy cannon and intended to pose a threat to for the transport and laying of mines, which are generally heavier warships within a restricted range of operation. carried on rails laid internally the length and launched through doors at the stern. Three types may be recognised, the most common being the Mine Transport or Exercise MOTOR LAUNCH Minelayer which is relatively slow, small and unarmed, and BT : LAUNCH is used to lay defensive minefields in waters not subject TT : MARITIME CRAFT to enemy threat. Vessels of this type have frequently been ★ Generic name for a small steam or power boat often converted from merchant service. Fast Minelayers and carried on board a larger vessel. Submarine Minelayers were used to lay mines covertly in enemy waters; these types are not represented in Scottish waters.

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MOTOR SHIP BT : MOTOR VESSEL TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ A medium-sized or large sea- or ocean-going vessel, with integral motor propulsion and used for a variety of purposes.

MOTOR STERN TRAWLER BT : MOTOR TRAWLER TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ A Motor Trawler with integral motor propulsion and built for stern-trawling, now the normal practice. Such vessels vary considerably in size, form and construction; larger examples may carry onboard refrigeration. The class thus grades into Motor Freezer Trawler.

MOTOR TANKER BT : MARITIME CRAFT TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ A Tanker with integral motor propulsion.

MOTOR TORPEDO BOAT BT : WARSHIP TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ A fast but lightweight coastal warship (typically of planing hull form and wooden construction) intended to pose a specialised threat to heavier warships within a restricted range of operation.

MOTOR TRAWLER BT : TRAWLER TT : MARITIME CRAFT NT : MOTOR STERN TRAWLER ★ A Fishing Vessel with integral motor propulsion and built for side- or stern-trawling, the latter practice now being prevalent. Such vessels vary considerably in size, form and construction; larger examples may carry onboard refrigeration.

MOTOR VESSEL BT : MARITIME CRAFT TT : MARITIME CRAFT NT : MOTOR SHIP ★ A medium-sized or large sea- or ocean-going vessel, with integral motor propulsion and used for a variety of purposes.

MOTOR BT : YACHT TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ A vessel (sometimes of considerable size and sophistication, and usually with onboard accommodation) used for recreation, typically with a paid crew.

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NAVAL AUXILLIARY BT : NAVAL SUPPORT VESSEL TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ A vessel (generally of considerable size and sophistication) specifically constructed for the afloat support of combatant warships. Such vessels typically incorporate features of warship construction (including damage control and action information systems, and facilities for helicopter operations), and may be armed. They should be distinguished from Requisitioned craft which may be used for similar purposes. Such vessels have become more numerous since the Second World War and may be divided between Replenishment Vessels and Depot Ships. The former are the more numerous, are intended for the rapid supply of fuel and dry stores at sea, and carry prominent fuelling rigs for the purpose. The latter are intended to make a fleet self-sufficient by providing comprehensive repair and maintenance facilities away from major naval bases.

NAVAL SUPPORT VESSEL BT : MARITIME CRAFT TT : MARITIME CRAFT NT : ARMED MERCHANT CRUISER BOOM DEFENCE VESSEL DEGAUSSING BARGE HOSPITAL SHIP NAVAL AUXILLIARY TARGET CRAFT ★ A vessel used to carry essential supplies, such as food and armaments, to naval ships in order to keep them replenished whilst on patrol. Use more specific term.

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OBSTRUCTION BT : MARITIME CRAFT TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ Submerged feature of unknown type usually discovered by sailors nets or scraping the of a water vessel.

OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSEL USE :

OILER BT : MARITIME CRAFT TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ Generic term for all vessels used to supply warships with any type of fuel.

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PACKET PINNACE BT : SAILING VESSEL (BY FORM/TYPE) BT : SQUARE RIGGED VESSEL TT : MARITIME CRAFT TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ A fast, armed vessel, small in size, often used for NT : STEAM PINNACE despatches and mail. ★ The meaning of this term has varied considerably over time, being applied to both small seagoing vessels and to some larger forms of ship?s boat. The precise meaning of PADDLE STEAMER the term in Scottish contexts remains unclear, but it may BT : MARITIME CRAFT be presumed to apply to a large (and probably decked) TT : MARITIME CRAFT transport craft of unknown rig, intended for use in sheltered ★ A steam vessel propelled by a pair of paddle waters. wheels amidships or a single wheel astern, driven by a reciprocating engine. PLATFORM SUPPLY VESSEL UF : OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSEL PASSENGER VESSEL BT : TRANSPORT VESSEL TT : MARITIME CRAFT BT : CARGO VESSEL TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ Specially designed/fitted carriers of crew and/or supplies NT : FERRY to offshore oil platforms. HOSPITAL SHIP LINER ★ A vessel designed principally for the carriage of fare PRIVATEER paying passengers. BT : MARITIME CRAFT TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ A seagoing vessel designed or operated as a light sailing PATROL BOAT warship, and deployed semi-officially, with sovereign state BT : PATROL VESSEL sanction ('letters of marque') rather than as a part of TT : MARITIME CRAFT of formally-constituted navy. Such vessels were regularly ★ A small warship engaged in patrolling coastal waters. deployed in the Early Modern period, for independent commerce raiding rather than to fight in fleet actions. PATROL VESSEL BT : MARITIME CRAFT PUFFER TT : MARITIME CRAFT BT : SAILING VESSEL (BY FORM/TYPE) NT : PATROL BOAT TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ A vessel, purpose-built or requisitioned, used for ★ Small steel-built trading vessel with a capacious hold, patrolling inland or coastal waters, e.g. Coastguard and able to take the ground for loading, and sized to pass Customs vessels. through the central Scottish canals. In their original form, they were powered by non-condensing steam engines. Later examples were built as military service craft under the PILOT VESSEL designation Victualling Inshore Craft or VIC, and powered BT : SERVICE VESSEL by diesel engines: the term puffer is applied to both types. TT : MARITIME CRAFT Many of the losses recorded as steam lighters were probably ★ vessels of this type. The puffer has become a Scottish icon A boat or (more commonly) small ship used (and through the Para Handy books and television series; several generally built) to transport and transfer pilots to and from examples are preserved. incoming and outgoing vessels at the limit of pilotage waters in outer estuaries. Traditionally, these have built for speed as pilotage services have often been sold commercially, and PURSE SEINER the first pilot to reach the vessel secured the traffic. Such sailing vessels were typically rigged as cutters, giving rise USE :SEINE NET FISHING VESSEL to the alternative name Pilot Cutter, and were also used for racing, More recent practice has been to station pilot vessels semi-permanently in harbour approaches, the pilots waiting on board for traffic. The previous practice remains in use, however, at those ports where pilots wait onshore, being transferred by fast Pilot Launches.

PINK BT : SQUARE RIGGED VESSEL TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ Small square rigged ship with a narrow overhanging stern.

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RAFT REQUISITIONED STEAM TRAWLER BT : MARITIME CRAFT BT : TRAWLER TT : MARITIME CRAFT TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ A flat floating framework of planks or other materials ★ A Steam Trawler which has been requisitioned for war used for supporting or carrying persons or goods. service, generally within its local area, with an unchanged crew and with the fitting of only basic armament (if any). Such vessels were used for transport and light towage as RECREATIONAL VESSEL well as patrol purposes. BT : MARITIME CRAFT TT : MARITIME CRAFT NT : YACHT REQUISITIONED STEAM TUG ★ Any vessel constructed or used for recreational, leisure, BT : STEAM TUG pleasure or avocational purposes. Such vessels may be of TT : MARITIME CRAFT considerable size and status, and may be of specialised form ★ A Steam Tug which has been requisitioned for war and construction. Motor Yachts, Steam Yachts and Yachts service, generally within its local area, with an unchanged fall within this category. crew and with the fitting of only basic armament (if any). Such vessels were used for light transport and fire-fighting as well as towage duties. REQUISITIONED DRIFTER BT : DRIFTER TT : MARITIME CRAFT REQUISITIONED STEAM YACHT ★ A Drifter which has been requisitioned for war service, BT : YACHT generally within its local area, with an unchanged crew and TT : MARITIME CRAFT with the fitting of only basic armament (if any). Such vessels ★ A Steam Yacht which has been requisitioned for war were used for transport and target-towing as well as patrol service, generally within its local area, with an unchanged purposes. crew and with the fitting of only basic armament (if any). Such vessels were used for transport and light towage as well as patrol purposes. REQUISITIONED FISHING VESSEL BT : FISHING VESSEL TT : MARITIME CRAFT REQUISITIONED TRAWLER ★ A Fishing Vessel which has been requisitioned for war BT : TRAWLER service, generally within its local area, with an unchanged TT : MARITIME CRAFT crew and with the fitting of only basic armament (if any Such ★ A Trawler which has been requisitioned for war service, vessels were used for transport and light towage as well as generally within its local area, with an unchanged crew and patrol purposes. with the fitting of only basic armament (if any). Such vessels were typically used for transport and target-towing as well as patrol duties. REQUISITIONED MOTOR DRIFTER BT : MOTOR DRIFTER TT : MARITIME CRAFT RESCUE VESSEL ★ A Motor Drifter which has been requisitioned for war BT : SERVICE VESSEL service, generally within its local area, with an unchanged TT : MARITIME CRAFT crew and with the fitting of only basic armament (if any). NT : AIR SEA RESCUE BUOY Such vessels were used for transport and target-towing as LIFEBOAT well as patrol duties. ★ A specially equipped small used during World War II to care for survivors of torpedoed ships in convoys. REQUISITIONED MOTOR FISHING VESSEL BT : FISHING VESSEL TT : MARITIME CRAFT REVENUE CUTTER ★ A Motor Fishing Vessel which has been requisitioned BT : CUSTOMS BOAT for war service, generally within its local area, with an TT : MARITIME CRAFT unchanged crew and with the fitting of only basic armament ★ A single masted cutter built specifically for the prevention (if any). Such vessels were used for transport and light of smuggling and the enforcement of customs regulations. towage as well as patrol purposes. In practice, the term was also applied to vessels in revenue service not rigged as cutters. REQUISITIONED STEAM DRIFTER BT : STEAM DRIFTER TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ A Steam Drifter which has been requisitioned for war service, generally within its local area, with an unchanged crew and with the fitting of only basic armament (if any). Such vessels were typically used for transport and target- towing as well as patrol duties.

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SAILING VESSEL (BY FORM/TYPE) SEAPLANE BT : MARITIME CRAFT BT : MARITIME CRAFT TT : MARITIME CRAFT TT : MARITIME CRAFT NT : BILLYBOY ★ An aircraft intended for operation from water but BIRLINN built without a watertight hull, having instead a float BOAT undercarriage. Such aircraft may be fitted with wheels CARRACK CUTTER for beaching and/or amphibious operation, and should be DANDY differentiated from Flying Boats. EAST INDIAMAN FOURERN SEAPLANE TENDER GALLIOT BT : HIGH SPEED LAUNCH JIGGER TT : MARITIME CRAFT KETCH ★ A small (but frequently fast and speliciased) vessel used KUFF for a variety of tasks concerned with the operation of LUGGER seaplanes and flying boats. These would typically include MOTOR BOAT towing aircraft, the supply of fuel and weapons, the carriage PACKET of crew and passengers, the laying-out of flarepaths, and the PUFFER provision of rescue cover. There are a number of specialised SIXERN sub-types within this type, for which the term scow was also used. SLOOP SMACK STEAMSHIP SECOND RATE WARSHIP WHERRY BT : SHIP OF THE LINE YACHT TT : MARITIME CRAFT YAWL YOLE ★ Under the rating system introduced into the Royal Navy CLIPPER by Admiral Lord Anson in 1751-6, second rate warships ★ A sailing vessel defined by a combination of such factors were those carrying between 84 and 100 guns (increased as hull design, locality and rig. to between 90 and 110 from 1810) on three decks. Such vessels were the heavier Ships of the Line [of Battle], being optimised for armament above all else. SAILING VESSEL (BY RIG) BT : MARITIME CRAFT TT : MARITIME CRAFT SEINE NET FISHING VESSEL NT : BARQUENTINE UF : PURSE SEINER BRIGANTINE SEINER SCHOONER BT : FISHING VESSEL SQUARE RIGGED VESSEL TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ The characteristics of a sailing vessel where her type is ★ A Fishing Vessel typically of medium size, constructed determined by her masts and sails. and used specifically for Seine Net fishing.

SALVAGE VESSEL SEINER BT : SERVICE VESSEL USE :SEINE NET FISHING VESSEL TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ A vessel used for the underwater recovery of a ship and/ SERVICE VESSEL or her contents or to assist vessels that are sinking. BT : MARITIME CRAFT TT : MARITIME CRAFT NT : BUOY TENDER SCHOONER HARBOUR SERVICE CRAFT UF : 5 MASTED SCHOONER HULK BT : SAILING VESSEL (BY RIG) LIGHTHOUSE TENDER TT : MARITIME CRAFT RESCUE VESSEL NT : AUXILIARY SCHOONER SALVAGE VESSEL HERMAPHRODITE SCHOONER PILOT VESSEL TOPSAIL SCHOONER ★ A vessel used to maintain supply or assist larger vessels. ★ A decked sailing vessel, having fore-and-aft sails on Use more specific term. two or more masts. Several variants have been recognised within this generalised type of vessel, which was used for a variety of purposes. SHIP BT : MARITIME CRAFT TT : MARITIME CRAFT SCOW ★ BT : MARITIME CRAFT A sailing vessel (by contrast to Steamship) of TT : MARITIME CRAFT considerable size and full-rigged, having square sails on all of three or more masts, by contrast with a Barque, ★ A large flat-bottomed boat, towed or propelled by oars which only has fore-and-aft sails on the mizzen. Most large (sweeps), and commonly used as a ferry or lighter. warships of the classic (Nelsonian) period fall within this category.

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SHIP OF THE LINE BT : WARSHIP BT : SQUARE RIGGED VESSEL TT : MARITIME CRAFT TT : MARITIME CRAFT NT : FIFTH RATE WARSHIP ★ Two masted merchant vessel, rigged as a brig. FIRST RATE WARSHIP FOURTH RATE WARSHIP SECOND RATE WARSHIP SPEEDBOAT SIXTH RATE WARSHIP BT : MARITIME CRAFT THIRD RATE WARSHIP TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ A with a sufficient numerically large gun ★ armament to stand in the line of battle. A specialised type of vessel, built around an inboard engine (of either internal combustion or gas turbine type) optimised specifically for performance, often within SIXERN defined specifications or formulae. Such craft may be BT : SAILING VESSEL (BY FORM/TYPE) used for competition (in racing or by record-breaking) or TT : MARITIME CRAFT experimental purposes, and are commonly kept ashore, being used only in sheltered waters under favourable ★ A small open boat typically used for long-line fishing conditions. The hulls may be of displacement, planing or around Shetland, and propped by rowing with six oars or hydrofoil form, the second being the most common. a single square sail. Essentially a late development of the Norse or Viking tradition; commonly developed for racing and recreational use. SQUARE RIGGED VESSEL BT : SAILING VESSEL (BY RIG) TT : MARITIME CRAFT SIXTH RATE WARSHIP NT : BARQUE BT : SHIP OF THE LINE BRIG TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ Under the rating system introduced into the Royal Navy PINNACE by Admiral Lord Anson in 1751-6, sixth rate warships SNOW were those carrying fewer than 32 guns. Such vessels were ★ A vessel with a type of where the main driving termed Frigates if commanded by a post-captain, but sloops sails are fixed to yards which lie square to the mast. if commanded by a commander. They were built with a sufficient speed to make them suitable for scouting and detached duties. STEAM DREDGER BT : DREDGER TT : MARITIME CRAFT SKIFF ★ Dredger powered by an integral steam engine. Although BT : SAILING VESSEL (BY FORM/TYPE) not specifically stated, vessels within this category were TT : MARITIME CRAFT probably Grab Dredgers. ★ In general terms, this term is applied either to a small and generalised ship's boat of undecked form, or to one of a variety of specialised craft used on inland waterways, STEAM DRIFTER typically for recreational purposes. Specifically, the term BT : DRIFTER indicates any of a variety of sailing vessels used for ring- TT : MARITIME CRAFT net fishing along the West coast, notably in Argyll. The term NT : REQUISITIONED STEAM DRIFTER Nabbie refers to a variation within this type, which was ★ A Drifter with integral steam propulsion. Such vessels unspecified in reports of loss. were long the mainstay of the Scottish inshore , supplanting various types of Lugger. SLOOP BT : SAILING VESSEL (BY FORM/TYPE) STEAM LAUNCH TT : MARITIME CRAFT BT : LAUNCH NT : AUXILIARY SLOOP TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ A decked sailing vessel, having fore-and-aft sails ★ A Launch powered by an integral diesel engine. (including a single headsail and often a gaff main) on a single mast. Several variants have been recognised within this generalised type of vessel, which was used for a variety STEAM LIGHTER of purposes. BT : LIGHTER TT : MARITIME CRAFT SMACK ★ A simple vessel used for cargo-carrying in sheltered BT : SAILING VESSEL (BY FORM/TYPE) waters. Many of the losses recorded as steam lighters were TT : MARITIME CRAFT probably puffers. NT : AUXILIARY SMACK ★ A transom-sterned and decked vessel, commonly used for cargo-carrying around the Firth of Clyde. Such vessels were commonly cutter- or ketch-rigged, often with a gaff main.

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STEAM PACKET STEAM WHERRY BT : MARITIME CRAFT BT : WHERRY TT : MARITIME CRAFT TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ A vessel powered by an integral steam engine and used ★ In the absence of preserved or recorded Scottish for the carriage of mail (and commonly also passengers), examples the usage of this term within Scottish waters typically along set routes and in accordance with a remains unclear. It presumably describes a variant of the published timetable. Vessels of this type were commonly Wherry having an inbuilt steam engine. built for speed (with fine lines) and were on occasion operated by the Admiralty, being naval-manned and/or lightly armed. The term remained in anachronistic use after STEAM YACHT the type was superseded, the concept being revived as Royal BT : YACHT Mail Ship (RMS). TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ A vessel (frequently of considerable size and sophistication, and usually with onboard accommodation) STEAM PADDLE TRAWLER used for recreation, typically with a paid crew and most BT : TRAWLER notably by the Edwardian plutocracy. TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ A Trawler powered by an integral steam engine which transmits its power through side-. SUBMARINE BT : WARSHIP TT : MARITIME CRAFT STEAM PADDLE TUG NT : MIDGET SUBMARINE BT : TUG ★ A vessel designed to operate below the surface of the sea. TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ ATug powered by an integral steam engine which transmits its power through side-paddles. SUCTION DREDGER BT : DREDGER TT : MARITIME CRAFT STEAM PINNACE ★ This refers to a variant of the Dredger intended to BT : PINNACE excavate sediment by the use of suction pipes mounted down TT : MARITIME CRAFT the sides. Such vessels are generally of considerable size. ★ A steam-powered Pinnace. Vessels of this type were frequently used as fleet tenders and ferries within naval anchorages. SURVEY VESSEL BT : MARITIME CRAFT TT : MARITIME CRAFT STEAMSHIP ★ A craft which is equipped for and performs hydrographic BT : SAILING VESSEL (BY FORM/TYPE) surveys. TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ A medium-sized or large sea- or ocean-going vessel, with integral steam propulsion and used for a variety of SWEDISH EAST INDIAMAN purposes. BT : EAST INDIAMAN TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ An armed merchant vessel of Swedish origin, equipped STEAM TANKER and used for the specialised Eastern trade, notably in spices, BT : TANKER by the Swedish East Indies Company between the 17th and TT : MARITIME CRAFT 19th centuries. Vessels of this type were unusually large for ★ A Tanker with integral steam propulsion. the period and considered of extremely status, this being reflected in their rich ornament. STEAM TRAWLER BT : TRAWLER TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ A Trawler with integral steam propulsion.

STEAM TUG BT : TUG TT : MARITIME CRAFT NT : REQUISITIONED STEAM TUG ★ A Tug powered by an integral steam engine, which generally transmits its power through a single propellor.

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TANK BARGE TRINITY HOUSE VESSEL BT : BARGE BT : MARITIME CRAFT TT : MARITIME CRAFT TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ a dumb vessel, of iron or steel construction and box- NT : LIGHTSHIP like form, specialised for the bulk carriage of liquids ★ Any vessel operated by Trinity house masters and (most commonly hydrocarbon fuels) in sheltered waters brethren in the maintenance of lighthouses, lightships, (including canals). buoys and other navigation aids.

TANKER TUG BT : CARGO VESSEL BT : HARBOUR SERVICE CRAFT TT : MARITIME CRAFT TT : MARITIME CRAFT NT : STEAM TANKER NT : STEAM PADDLE TUG ★ A seagoing vessel built specifically for the bulk carriage STEAM TUG of crude oil, petroleum products or chemicals. Such vessels ★ A service craft built to provide an independent source of vary considerably in size and form. propulsion for other vessels, specifically for those disabled by breakdown, those built as dumb vessels, and for sailing vessels becalmed by lack of wind or short of a crew. TARGET CRAFT Although once propelled by oars or sweeps, steam and BT : NAVAL SUPPORT VESSEL later diesel power were adopted at the earliest possible TT : MARITIME CRAFT date on grounds of efficiency. Tugs may be divided into ★ A simple, unpowered, and commonly improvised vessel those optimised for manoeuvrability within harbours and used for surface gunnery practice by warships. Most such those incorporating power for long-distance towing. The vessels were small and towed, being essentially simple former commonly formerly used paddles, but now regularly and expendable. A few were larger, armoured, self- incorporate specialised power transfer systems (Schneider propelled and radio-controlled. and Kort nozzles) operating under automatic control. Both types may be fitted with firefighting equipment and/or helicopter platforms THIRD RATE WARSHIP BT : SHIP OF THE LINE TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ Under the rating system introduced into the Royal Navy by Admiral Lord Anson in 1751-6, third rate warships were those carrying between 70 and 84 guns (increased to between 80 and 90 from 1810) on two decks. Such vessels were the norm among the 'Ships of the Line [of Battle]'.

TOPSAIL SCHOONER BT : SCHOONER TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ A common variant of the Schooner type, having a square topsail or topsails on the foremast.

TRANSPORT VESSEL BT : MARITIME CRAFT TT : MARITIME CRAFT NT : CARGO VESSEL PLATFORM SUPPLY VESSEL ★ A vessel used for transporting passengers or goods.

TRAWLER UF : ADMIRALTY TRAWLER AUXILIARY TRAWLER BT : FISHING VESSEL TT : MARITIME CRAFT NT : MOTOR TRAWLER REQUISITIONED STEAM TRAWLER REQUISITIONED TRAWLER STEAM PADDLE TRAWLER STEAM TRAWLER ★ A fishing vessel specially designed to operate and trawl for the catching of bottom lying fish. Use with power where known.

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WARSHIP BT : MARITIME CRAFT TT : MARITIME CRAFT NT : AIRCRAFT CARRIER BATTLECRUISER BATTLESHIP CORVETTE CRUISER DESTROYER ESCORT VESSEL LANDING CRAFT MINELAYER MINESWEEPER MOTOR TORPEDO BOAT SHIP OF THE LINE SUBMARINE HUMAN TORPEDO ARMED SCHOONER MOTOR GUN BOAT ★ A ship that is built and primarily intended for war.

WHALE FACTORY SHIP UF : WHALE PROCESSING SHIP RT : WHALER BT : FACTORY SHIP TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ A specialised large merchant ship built or converted for service in the Southern Ocean, cutting up (`flensing?) whales caught by smaller catchers or , boiling down the blubber, and storing the bone, flesh and oil products for the return voyage.

WHALE PROCESSING SHIP USE :WHALE FACTORY SHIP

WHALER RT : WHALE FACTORY SHIP BT : FISHING VESSEL TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ This term denotes a specialised vessel of very heavy (ice-resistant) timber construction built to hunt and process whales in Arctic whalers. They were normally rigged as brigs but auxiliary steam engines were commonly fitted. RRS Discovery (in preservation at Dundee) exemplifies the type. The terms Ship or Whaling Vessel have also been applied to this class of vessel, which should be differentiated from the larger and whale catchers, factory ships and transport ships of steel construction built for Antarctic whaling in the mid 20th century. The use of the term to describe a double-banked pulling craft in naval service is inapplicable.

WHERRY BT : SAILING VESSEL (BY FORM/TYPE) TT : MARITIME CRAFT NT : STEAM WHERRY ★ In the absence of preserved or recorded Scottish examples the usage of this term within Scottish waters remains unclear. It probably describes a decked sailing vessel of shallow draught and beamy form used to carry cargo in rivers and estuaries. The term is particularly associated with Eastern England (specifically, the Norfolk Broads) where the type is characterised by having a single mast which carries a large loose-footed gaff mainsail and can be easily lowered to pass under bridges.

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YACHT BT : RECREATIONAL VESSEL SAILING VESSEL (BY FORM/TYPE) TT : MARITIME CRAFT NT : MOTOR YACHT REQUISITIONED STEAM YACHT STEAM YACHT ★ Any vessel propelled by sail or power and used for pleasure and not plying for hire.

YAWL BT : SAILING VESSEL (BY FORM/TYPE) TT : MARITIME CRAFT NT : AUXILIARY YAWL ★ A decked sailing vessel, having fore-and-aft sails on both main and mizzen. It is conventionally distinguished from the Ketch by having the mizzen mast stepped aft of the rudder- head.

YOAL USE :YOLE

YOLE UF : YOAL BT : SAILING VESSEL (BY FORM/TYPE) TT : MARITIME CRAFT ★ A small open boat typically used around Shetland, and propelled by rowing, sails or an auxiliary engine. Essentially a late development of the Norse or Viking tradition in series with the fouern and sixern; commonly developed for racing and recreational use. The term is cognate with yawl, but denotes a class of totally different and construction.

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