Hold your chin and act wise, very wise

Most of the information in this power point taken from Sailing the Wine Dark Sea by Thomas Cahill GREEK PHILOSOPHY The Divide

Dionysian Apollonian . Named after the goddess . Named after the god Dionysis Apollo . The East . The West . Effeminate . Masculine . Emotional . Rational . Artistic . Action Appolonian vs. Dionysian

. The Apollonian and Dionysian is a philosophical and literary concept, or dichotomy, based on certain features of ancient Greek mythology. . In Greek mythology, Apollo and Dionysus are both sons of Zeus. Apollo is the god of the Sun, lightness, music, and poetry, while Dionysus is the god of wine, ecstasy, and intoxication More on Schism

. In the modern literary usage of the concept, the contrast between Apollo and Dionysus symbolizes principles of wholeness versus individualism, light versus darkness, or civilization versus primal nature. The ancient Greeks did not consider the two gods as opposites or rivals. However, Parnassus, the mythical home of poetry and all art, was strongly associated with each of the two gods in separate legends Greek Terms

. Arete--greatness . Hubris--pride . Hamartia—tragic flaw . Kosmos: elegant order Arete Explored

. The most articulated value in Greek culture is areté. Translated as "virtue," the word actually means something closer to "being the best you can be," or "reaching your highest human potential." The term from Homeric times onwards is not gender specific. Homer applies the term of both the Greek and Trojan heroes as well as major female figures, such as Penelope, the wife of the Greek hero, Odysseus. In the Homeric poems, areté is frequently associated with bravery, but more often, with effectiveness. Homeric Arete

. . In the Homeric poems, areté is frequently associated with bravery, but more often, with effectiveness. The man or woman of areté is a person of the highest effectiveness; they use all their faculties: strength, bravery, wit, and deceptiveness, to achieve real results. In the Homeric world, then, areté involves all of the abilities and potentialities available to humans. Homeric Arete

. . We can, through the frequent use of this term in Homer's poems, make some tentative conclusions about the early Greek world view. The concept implies a human-centered universe in which human actions are of paramount importance; the world is a place of conflict and difficulty, and human value and meaning is measured against individual effectiveness in the world. Pre-Socratic Philosophers

Heraclitus Parmenides . All things flow . Change is only the accident . You can’t step in the same of appearance river twice . The only true reality is . The only true reality is immutable permanence change . Only one true god . Nature likes to hide itself . Dark and light, bad and good, are not different but one and the same More Pre-Socratic Philosophy

Anaxagoras Democritus . Everything has a share in . The heart of the universe is everything singular and unchanging . All existence is composed . Everything is made of of seeds atoms . There must be a nous, a . Every human mind, capable of consciousness is an entirely patterning the seeds physical process . All things were together. . Worlds are altered rather Then mind came and than destroyed arranged them . The world is change, life is opinion Three Basic Assumptions of Greek Thought . The phenomena we experience immediately possess no eternal importance . There must be an ultimate, eternal, and unchanging reality . It is the task of the philosopher to attain that reality and direct others along the path The Einstein Quote again

. “The most beautiful thing we can experience is the mysterious. It is the source of all true art and science. . . . To know that what is impenetrable to us really exists, manifesting itself as the highest wisdom and the most radiant beauty, which our dull faculties can comprehend only in the most primitive forms—this knowledge, this feeling, is at the center of true religiousness. In this sense, and in this sense only, I belong to the ranks of the devoutly religious men.” Old Conflict/New Actors

Einstein Heisenberg . Spent the last years of his . Father of Quantam life searching for the Mechanics. The “uncertainty unification theory, like principle” asserts that all our Democritus idea that the observations are unreliable world is unified by nous because we cannot “observe nature in itself but only nature exposed to our method of questioning” is similar to Heraclitus’ insistence on the ultimate unintelligibility of reality Pythagoras

. Immortality of the human soul . Through suffering, understanding . Renunciation of worldly things . Found deep meaning in numbers . Vibrating strings of a lyre can be expressed as a ratio . First four whole numbers are expressive of the deep harmony of the universe . Pythagorean theorum